Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 10

)$&8/7$'

5(*,21$/
0(1'2=$
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

0$75,&(6

'HILQLFLyQXQDPDWUL]HVXQDUUHJORUHFWDQJXODUGHVtPERORVRQ~PHURVHQFHUUDGRVHQWUHFRUFKHWHV/RV
Q~PHURVGHODUUHJORVHGHQRPLQDQelementos\HVWiQXELFDGRVHQ³S´ILODV\³T´FROXPQDV $QWyQ 

(MHPSORV

ªD  D   D T º
ªº « »
ªD E F º D  D   D T »
$ =« « » «
»% = «»$ = « [ ]
= DM
¬G H I ¼  »
«¬»¼ « »
«¬D S D S   D ST »¼

0DWUL]FXDGUDGDXQDPDWUL]HVFXDGUDGDVLWLHQHLJXDOQ~PHURGHILODVTXHGHFROXPQDV
(MHPSORV
ªD E F º
ª º « »
$ =« »% = «G H I »
¬   ¼ «¬J K L »¼
0DWUL]QXOD
ª  º
(VDTXHOODHQTXHDLM SDUDWRGRLM6HVLPEROL]D 2 = « »
¬  ¼
0DWUL]GLDJRQDOXQDPDWUL]FXDGUDGDHVGLDJRQDOVLYHULILFDTXHDLM SDUDWRGRL≠M
ª  º
ª  º
(MHPSOR $ = ««  »»% = «
¬  − L »¼
«¬  »¼
­ si i = j
0DWUL]LGHQWLGDGHVDTXHOODPDWUL]FXDGUDGDTXHYHULILFDTXH a ij ® 
¯ si i ≠ j

ª  º
(MHPSOR , = ««  »»
«¬  »¼

2SHUDFLRQHVFRQPDWULFHV

6XPDVHDQ$\%PDWLFHVGHOPLVPRRUGHQHQWRQFHVODVXPD$%HVODPDWUL]REWHQLGDDOVXPDUORV
HOHPHQWRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVGH%FRQORVGH$2VHD $% LM  $LM  % LM DLMELM
(MHPSOR

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

ª º ª   º ª−  º
A=« »% = « »$ + B = « »
¬ ¼ ¬  ¼ ¬ −  ¼

3URSLHGDGHV

D $% %$
E $ %&   $% &
F $2 $

3URGXFWRSRUXQHVFDODU6L$HVXQDPDWUL]\FXQHVFDODUHOSURGXFWRF$HVODPDWUL]TXHVHREWLHQHDO
PXOWLSOLFDUFDGDHOHPHQWRGH$SRUF2VHD F$ LM F $ LM FDLM

3URSLHGDGHV
D F $%  F$F%FRQFHVFDODU\$\%PDWULFHVGHOPLVPRRUGHQ
E FG $ F$G$FRQF\GHVFDODUHV
F FG $ F G$ GF $FRQF\GHVFDODUHV

3URGXFWRGHPDWULFHV6L$HVXQDPDWUL]S[T\%HVXQDPDWUL]T[UHQWRQFHVHOSURGXFWR$%HVODPDWUL]
S[UFX\RVHOHPHQWRVVHGHWHUPLQDQDVt³SDUDHOHOHPHQWRLMGH$%PXOWLSOLFDUHQWUHVtORVHOHPHQWRV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVGHODILODLGH$\ODFROXPQDMGH%\OXHJRVXPDUORVSURGXFWRV

ª º ª   º ª +   +   +  º


(MHPSOR A = « »% = « »$% = « » = 
¬ ¼ ¬  ¼ ¬ +   +   + ¼

3URSLHGDGHV

D $% & $ %& 


E $ %&  $%$&
F $% & $&%&

3RWHQFLDGHXQDPDWUL]VLNHVXQHQWHUR\$XQDPDWUL]FXDGUDGD A k =
A A A

A
k veces

0DWUL]WUDQVSXHVWDVL$HVFXDOTXLHUPDWUL]P[QHQWRQFHVODWUDQVSXHVWDGH$GHQRWDGD$WVHGHILQHFRPR
ODPDWUL]Q[PTXHVHREWLHQHDOLQWHUFDPELDUODVILODV\ODFROXPQDVGH$(VGHFLUODSULPHUDILODGH$HVODž
FROXPQDGH$WODVHJXQGDILODGH$HVODžFROXPQDGH$W\DVtVXFHVLYDPHQWH $QWyQ 2VHDTXH $W LM
$ ML

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

ª º ª  º
(MHPSOR A = « »$ W = « »
¬ ¼ ¬ ¼

3URSLHGDGHV

D $W W $
E α$ W α$W αHVFDODU 
F VL$\%VRQPDWULFHVS[T $% W $W%W
G 6L$\%VRQPDWULFHVGHRUGHQS[T\T[UUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHQWRQFHV $% W %W$W

0DWUL]VLPpWULFDXQDPDWUL]FXDGUDGD$HVVLPpWULFDVL$ $W $QWyQ 


ª  − º
(MHPSOR A = « »
¬−   ¼

0DWUL]DQWLVLPpWULFDXQDPDWUL]FXDGUDGD$VHGHQRPLQDDQWLVLPpWULFDVL$W $ $QWyQ 

ª  º
(MHPSOR A = « »
¬−  ¼

0DWUL]WULDQJXODU8QDPDWUL]FXDGUDGDHQODTXHWRGRVORVHOHPHQWRVDUULEDGHODGLDJRQDOSULQFLSDOVRQFHUR
VHGHQRPLQDtriangular inferior\XQDPDWUL]FXDGUDGDHQODTXHWRGRVORVHOHPHQWRVGHEDMRGHODGLDJRQDO
SULQFLSDOVRQFHURVHGHQRPLQDtriangular superior8QDPDWUL]TXHHVWULDQJXODULQIHULRU\VXSHULRUVH
GHQRPLQDtriangular $QWyQ 
ª  º ª   º
«
(MHPSOR A = «  »HVWULDQJXODUVXSHULRU% = ««  »»HVWULDQJXODULQIHULRU
»
«¬  »¼ «¬   »¼

0DWUL]KHUPLWLDQD

‫ ܥ߳ܣ‬௡௫௡ ՞ ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ‫ܣ‬ҧ ௧  WUDQVSXHVWDGHVXFRQMXJDGD 


Œ‡’Ž‘ǣ

ͳ ‹ ʹ൅‹
 ൌ ൥ െ‹ െ͵ െ͵ െ ‹൩
ʹ െ ‹ െ͵ ൅ ‹ ͺ

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

0DWUL]HVFDODU

6L‫ܣ א ܣ‬௡௫௡ $HVHVFDODUVL

ƒ୧୨ ൌ Ͳ•‹‹ ൐ ݆
୧୨ ቐ ƒ୧୨ ൌ Ͳ•‹‹ ൏ ݆
ƒ୧୨ ൌ ሺ‡•…ƒŽƒ”ሻ•‹‹ ൌ Œ

(MHPSOR

ʹ Ͳ Ͳ
‫ ܣ‬ൌ ൥Ͳ ʹ Ͳ൩ ‡•‡•…ƒŽƒ”
Ͳ Ͳ ʹ

7UD]DGHXQDPDWUL] VHGHQRPLQDWUD]DGHXQDPDWUL]DODVXPDGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHVXGLDJRQDOSULQFLSDO\
n
VHHVFULEHWU $   ¦ aii
i =
3URSLHGDGHV
o WU $%  WU $ WU % 
o WU N$  NWU $ 
o WU $W  WU $ 
o WU $%  WU %$ 

2SHUDFLRQHVHOHPHQWDOHV
([LVWHQsóloWUHVRSHUDFLRQHVHOHPHQWDOHV

ƒ LQWHUFDPELDUGRVILODV RFROXPQDV HQWUHVt


ƒ 0XOWLSOLFDUXQDILOD RFROXPQD SRUXQHVFDODUGLVWLQWRGHFHUR
ƒ 6XPDUDXQDILOD RFROXPQD XQP~OWLSORGHRWUDILOD RFROXPQD 

0DWULFHVHOHPHQWDOHV
6RQDTXHOODVPDWULFHVTXHVHREWLHQHQPHGLDQWHXQDVRODRSHUDFLyQHOHPHQWDOVREUHODPDWUL]LGHQWLGDG
ª   º ª  º
ª  º « »
(MHPSOR ( = « » (  = «  » (  = ««   »»
¬  −  ¼  ) «¬  »¼ ) + ā ) «¬  »¼ ) ↔ )
   

6HD$XQDPDWUL]P[Q\(XQDPDWUL]HOHPHQWDOGHP[PODPXOWLSOLFDFLyQSRUL]TXLHUGDGH$SRU(UHDOL]DOD
PLVPDRSHUDFLyQHOHPHQWDOHQODVILODVGH$TXHODUHDOL]DGDHQODLGHQWLGDGSDUDREWHQHU(6LODRSHUDFLyQVH
KDFHSRUGHUHFKDVHRSHUDVREUHODVFROXPQDV

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

0DWULFHVHTXLYDOHQWHV
'HILQLFLyQ8QDPDWUL]%HVHTXLYDOHQWHSRUILODVD$VLH[LVWHXQDVHFXHQFLDILQLWD((((NGH
PDWULFHVHOHPHQWDOHVWDOHVTXH% (N(N($

0DWULFHVHVFDORQDGDV
8QDPDWUL]HVWiHVFDORQDGDSRUILODVVLVDWLVIDFH
9 7RGDVODVILODVTXHWLHQHQVyORFHURVHVWiQHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHODPDWUL]
9 6LXQUHQJOyQQRFRQVWDFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHFHURVHQWRQFHVHOSULPHUHOHPHQWRGLVWLQWRGHFHURGHODILOD
HVXQXQR XQRSULQFLSDO 
9 (QGRVILODVFRQVHFXWLYDVFXDOHVTXLHUDTXHQRFRQVWHFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHFHURVHOXQRSULQFLSDOGHO
UHQJOyQDSDUHFHPiVDODGHUHFKDTXHHOXQRSULQFLSDOGHOUHQJOyQDQWHULRU

ª  º ª  º
« »
(MHPSOR A = «  »% = ««  »»
«¬  »¼ «¬  »¼

0DWUL]HVFDORQDGDUHGXFLGDVRQODVPDWULFHVHVFDORQDGDVTXHWLHQHQFHURVSRUHQFLPD\SRUGHEDMRGHO
XQRSULQFLSDO
ª  º
(MHPSOR A = ««  »»
«¬  »¼

8QDPDWUL]$SXHGHOOHYDUVHDHVFDORQDGDRHVFDORQDGDUHGXFLGDXWLOL]DQGRRSHUDFLRQHVHOHPHQWDOHV'HHVWD
PDQHUDVHREWLHQHODIRUPDHVFDORQDGDRHVFDORQDGDUHGXFLGDHTXLYDOHQWHGH$ 0pWRGRGH*DXVV-RUGDQ 

5DQJRGHXQDPDWUL]HVODFDQWLGDGGHILODVGLVWLQWDVGHFHURGHODIRUPDHVFDORQDGDHTXLYDOHQWHGHXQD
PDWUL]

,QYHUVDGHXQDPDWUL]
6HD$XQDPDWUL]FXDGUDGDGHRUGHQP[PXQDPDWUL]&GHRUGHQP[PHVODLQYHUVDGH$VL$& &$ ,
/DHVFULELPRV& $
ª  − º ª º
(MHPSOR A = « »& = « »$& = &$ = ,
¬−   ¼ ¬ ¼

Propiedad

Si una matriz tiene inversa, ésta es única.

'HPRVWUDFLyQVHD$&\'PDWULFHVGHRUGHQP[P\VHDQ&\'GRVLQYHUVDVGH$

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

   $& ,
' $& ',
'$ & '
,& '
& 'OXHJRODLQYHUVDHV~QLFD

/DVPDWULFHVTXHWLHQHQLQYHUVDVHODVOODPDinvertibles o no singulares

3URSLHGDGHV6L$\%VRQPDWULFHVLQYHUWLEOHVGHP[P

a) A.B es inversible Ÿ (A.B)-1 = B-1.A-1

'HPRVWUDFLyQ

ሺ‫ܣ‬Ǥ ‫ܤ‬ሻିଵ ൌ ܺ


‫ܣ‬Ǥ ‫ܤ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ ‫ܫ‬
‫ ܣ‬Ǥ ‫ܣ‬Ǥ ‫ܤ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ ‫ିܣ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ܫ‬
ିଵ

‫ܤ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ  ‫ିܣ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ܫ‬


‫ି ܤ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ܤ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ  ‫ି ܤ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ିܣ‬ଵ

ܺ ൌ  ‫ି ܤ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ିܣ‬ଵ

 −
E  N$ − = $ FRQNHVFDODU
N
GHPRVWUDFLyQ

ሺ݇Ǥ ‫ܣ‬ሻିଵ ൌ ܺ
݇Ǥ ‫ܣ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ ‫ܫ‬
ͳ
‫ܣ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ  Ǥ ‫ܫ‬
݇
ͳ ͳ
‫ିܣ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ܣ‬Ǥ ܺ ൌ  ‫ିܣ‬ଵ Ǥ ‫ ܫ‬ൌ  Ǥ ‫ିܣ‬ଵ ‫ܫ‬
݇ ݇
ͳ
ܺ ൌ  ‫ିܣ‬ଵ
݇

F $  $

G $P   $ P
H $W   $ W
I , ,
J $HVLQYHUVLEOHVL\VyORVL$HVHTXLYDOHQWHSRUILODVDODLGHQWLGDG GHPRVWUDU 

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

&iOFXORGHODLQYHUVD

3DUDHQFRQWUDUXQDPDWUL]; $WDOTXH$; ,GHEHPRVDPSOLDUODPDWUL]$FRQODLGHQWLGDG\WUDEDMDUGHOD


VLJXLHQWHPDQHUD

ª  − º ª      º ª     º
A=« »[$  ,] =«  » → « »
¬−   ¼ ¬−      ¼ ¬     ¼

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 
ÉOJHEUD\*HRPHWUtD$QDOtWLFD  8QLGDG 

$OXPQR      &XUVR  IHFKD

(9$/8$&,Ï1

ƒ 6L$HVXQDPDWUL]TXHVHREWLHQHDSDUWLUGH, LGHQWLGDGGHRUGHQ SHUPXWDQGRODVGRVSULPHUDVILODV


\OXHJRPXOWLSOLFDQGROD~OWLPDILODSRU  HQWRQFHVHOUDQJRGH$HV
                15$&  
ƒ 6L$ ,HQWRQFHV$ $% HVLJXDOD
$%,    ,$%    $%,    ,%    15$&  

ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͳ െͳ െʹ
ƒ 6HD‫ ܣ‬ൌ ൥Ͳ െͳ െʹ൩ODPDWUL]HOHPHQWDO(TXHVDWLVIDFHTXH‫ ܣܧ‬ൌ ൥ͳ ʹ ͵ ൩HV
Ͷ ͷ ͸ Ͷ ͷ ͸

,    ,    $7   $    15$&  

ƒ 6HD$\%PDWULFHVGH[HQWRQFHVHOUDQJRGH$%HV
ߩ    ߩ   ߩ    Ͳ ൑ ߩ ൑ ͵   15$&  

ƒ 6L$7 ,HQWRQFHV

$ $   $  $  $ ,  $  ,  15$&  

ƒ 'HWHUPLQDUVLODVVLJXLHQWHVSURSRVLFLRQHVVRQYHUGDGHUDV 9 RIDOVDV ) 

 6L$HVXQDPDWUL]GHRUGHQQ[QHQWRQFHV$HVLQYHUVLEOH
 6L$HVXQDPDWUL]VLPpWULFDHQWRQFHV$HVGLDJRQDO
 &XDOTXLHUDVHDODPDWUL]$ODPDWUL]$$WHVVLPpWULFD
 7RGDPDWUL]DQWLVLPpWULFDDGPLWHPDWUL]LQYHUVD
 /DVXPDGHPDWULFHVGLDJRQDOHVLQYHUVLEOHVHVXQDPDWUL]GLDJRQDOLQYHUVLEOH
 6L$% HQWRQFHV$ y% 
 6L$HVXQDPDWUL]GLDJRQDOHQWRQFHV$HVVLPpWULFD
 6L$ y% HQWRQFHV$% 
 /DWUD]DGHODPDWUL] , HVLJXDOD
 7RGDPDWUL]HTXLYDOHQWHSRUILODVDODPDWUL],DGPLWHLQYHUVD
 /DVXPDGHPDWULFHVGLDJRQDOHVLQYHUVLEOHVHVXQDPDWUL]GLDJRQDOLQYHUVLEOH
 ([LVWHQPDWULFHVVLPpWULFDVHTXLYDOHQWHVSRUILODVDODLGHQWLGDG
 6L$HVGH[HOSURGXFWRGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHXQDILODSRUORVFRIDFWRUHVGHXQD
SDUDOHODDHOODGD
 (OSURGXFWRHOHPHQWDODDDDDDWLHQHVLJQRQHJDWLYR

3URI$6FKLODUGL 
 

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi