Académique Documents
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Culture Documents
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Characteristics of EM waves
1. Wavelength (λ)
2. Frequency (f)
3. Amplitude
4. Period
Amplitude
5. Velocity
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Spectre visible :
violet : 0.4 - 0.446 μm
bleu : 0.446 - 0.500 μm
vert : 0.500 - 0.578 μm
jaune : 0.578 - 0.592 μm
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orange : 0.592 - 0.620 μm
rouge : 0.620 - 0.7 μm
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Capteurs radar
4
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Ondes radio
. RADARSAT
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10 . ENVISAT
8
- Sentinel 1
1 10 …
}
Hyperfréquences
10
10−2 10
12
10−4 10
Capteurs optiques
IR
10 −6
14
10 } . SPOT
Visible
16
10−8 10 . LANDSAT
UV
- Sentinel 2
18
10−10
Rayons X
10 . Quickbird
…
20
10−12 10
17 18
Courte Haute
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IKONOS 2
SPOT 1, 2, 4
Orbites satellitaires
A satellite follows a generally elliptical
orbit around the earth. The time taken to
complete one revolution of the orbit is
called the orbital period.
Orbite géostationnaire
Distance satellite -
centre de la terre =
36.000 km
Le satellite tourne à
la même vitesse
angulaire que la terre
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Image Rapideye
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Spatial Resolution
Specifies the pixel size of satellite
images covering the earth surface
Low/Coarse spatial resolution
20 - > 1000 m : SPOT, Landsat, THEOS
(Thailande), MODIS,…
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Capteurs de SPOT
XS1
SPOT HRV-XS
For example, the SPOT HRV
sensor operating in the
multispectral mode detects
XS2
radiations in three
wavelength bands: the green,
red and near infrared bands.
XS3
A single SPOT multispectral
scene consists of three
intensity images in the three
wavelength bands. In this
case, each pixel of the scene
has three intensity values
corresponding to the three
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Digital Image Processing Overview
bands.
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Capteurs de LANDSAT
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ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Résolution radiométrique de l'image
Radiometric Resolution
Temporal Resolution
Some examples:
– MODIS Terra/Aqua, 1-2days, 250m++
– LANDSAT, 16 days, 30 m (1972+)
– SPOT, 26(...) days, 10-20 m (1986+)
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SPOT
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Sensors
METEOSAT
Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)
•Nine spectral bands, including a pan band:
NOAA ERS
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Deimos-1
Caractéristiques orbitales :
Orbite : basse héliosynchrone semi-circulaire
Altitude : environ 661 km
Inclinaison : 98º
Période : environ 97,7 mn
Noeud ascendant : 10h39
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DMC / Deimos
Exemples d’illustrations (suite)
Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) est une famille de micro-
satellites d'observation de la terre.
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Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)
Band Wavelength Useful for mapping
Band 1 - blue 0.45-0.52 Bathymetric mapping, distinguishing soil from vegetation and
Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS)
deciduous from coniferous vegetation
Band 2 - green 0.52-0.60 Emphasizes peak vegetation, which is useful for assessing plant
Landsat MSS 1, 2, Landsat MSS 4, 5
Wavelength Useful for mapping vigor
3 Spectral Bands Spectral Bands
Band 3 - red 0.63-0.69 Discriminates vegetation slopes
Band 4 - Near 0.77-0.90 Emphasizes biomass content and shorelines
Band 4 - green Band 1 - green 0.5-0.6 Sediment-laden water, delineates areas of
Infrared
shallow water
Band 5 - Short- 1.55-1.75 Discriminates moisture content of soil and vegetation;
Band 5 - red Band 2 - red 0.6-0.7 Cultural features wave Infrared penetrates thin clouds
Band 6 - Thermal 10.40-12.50 Thermal mapping and estimated soil moisture
Band 6 - Near Band 3 - Near 0.7-0.8 Vegetation boundary between land and water,
Infrared
Infrared Infrared and landforms
Band 7 - Short- 2.09-2.35 Hydrothermally altered rocks associated with mineral deposits
Band 7 - Near Band 4 - Near 0.8-1.1 Penetrates atmospheric haze best, emphasizes wave Infrared
Infrared Infrared vegetation, boundary between land and water, Band 8 - 0.52-0.90 15 meter resolution, sharper image definition
and landforms Panchromatic
(Landsat 7 only)
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Landsat 8/9 Operational Land Image (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)
Band Wavelength Useful for mapping
Band 1 - coastal aerosol 0.43-0.45 Coastal and aerosol studies
Band 2 - blue 0.45-0.51 Bathymetric mapping, distinguishing soil from vegetation and
deciduous from coniferous vegetation
Band 3 - green 0.53-0.59 Emphasizes peak vegetation, which is useful for assessing plant
vigor
Band 4 - red 0.64-0.67 Discriminates vegetation slopes
Band 5 - Near Infrared 0.85-0.88 Emphasizes biomass content and shorelines
(NIR)
Band 6 - Short-wave 1.57-1.65 Discriminates moisture content of soil and vegetation; penetrates
Infrared (SWIR) 1 thin clouds
Band 7 - Short-wave 2.11-2.29 Improved moisture content of soil and vegetation; penetrates thin
Infrared (SWIR) 2 clouds
Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.50-0.68 15 meter resolution, sharper image definition
Band 9 - Cirrus 1.36-1.38 Improved detection of cirrus cloud contamination
Band 10 - TIRS 1 10.60-11.19 100 meter resolution, thermal mapping and estimated soil moisture
Band 11 - TIRS 2 11.50-12.51 100 meter resolution, improved thermal mapping and estimated soil
moisture 81