PITTS MODERN SCHOOL

Class-XII "B"

Session -2023-24

Physics project Report

Topic–Full Wave Rectifier

Submitted to: Mrs. Vandana Thakur

Submitted by : Ashit Lal Nag

 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my physics teacher
(Mrs. VANDANA THAKUR) who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic (Full wave rectifier), which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I am
really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a
lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
 Certificate
This is to certify that Ashit Lal Nag student of class XII "B" , of Pitts
Modern School,Gomia has completed the project titled "Full Wave Rectifier"
during the academic year 2023 -24 towards partial fulfillment of credit for
the Physics Project evaluation of AISSCE 2024 and submitted satisfactory
report , as compiled in the following pages under my supervision.

Mrs. Vandana Thakur

(Teacher's signature)
Contents

 Aim
 Theory
 Materials Required
 Circuit Diagram
 Working
 Graph
 Applications
 Merits and Demerits
 Bibliography
 Aim

To construct a full wave rectifier and show that

Alternating Current is rectified into aDirect Current(DC) .
Theory
The process of converting AC (which periodically reverses direction) current into
DC (which flows only in one direction) current is known asRectification.
The electrical device used to so is known asRectifier .
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC
power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems.
Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a
source of power.
The simple process of rectification produces a type of DC characterized by
pulsating voltages and currents (although still unidirectional). Depending upon the
type of end-use, this type of DC current may then be further modified into the type
of relatively constant voltage DC characteristically produced by such sources as
batteries and solar cells.
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a bridge circuit
configuration that provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.
When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating current
(AC) input into a direct current (DC) output, it is known as a rectifier. A rectifier
provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in lower cost
and weight as compared to a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a transformer with a
center-tapped secondary winding.
 MaterialsRequired
 Connecting wires
 Step-downtransformer
 Diodes(4)
 Capacitor(1)
 LED(1)
Circuit Diagram
 Working
Initially when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the 220V main
supply to 6volts. It has a capability ofdelivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C.
appearing across the secondary coilis the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts.
During the Ist half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a Current 'I'
flows in the circuit in the direction ABCDEFGHIJKLM. During this time diodes D2 and
D3 are reverse biased. So they do not conduct any electric current.
During the next half cycle the diode D2 is forward and D1 is reversed .Hence D2
conducts current in the direction MLKJCDEFGHIA and D1 does not conduct any
current.
In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the above processes are repeated. In both
the half cycles it is clear that current flows through LED in only one direction.
Even though the voltage across LED is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99%
of the Alternating Ccurrent.

Capacitor nearly filters all A.C components from the supply. But there will be slight
factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is negligible. The output Direct
Current and voltage light up the LED.
Graph
 Applications
 Because of their low cost compared to center tapped they are
widely used in power supply circuit.
 This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated radiosignal.
 Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage inwelding.
 Indaily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.
Merits and Demerits
Merits:-
 The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is double of that of a
half-wave rectifier.
 The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in case of a
full-wave rectifier so simple filtering circuits required.
 Higher output voltage higher output power in case of a full-wave
rectifier.
 In a full-wave rectifier,there is no problem due to DC saturation.
of the core because the DC current through the two halves of the
transformer secondary flow in opposite directions.

Demerits:-
 Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.
 Bibliography
 Physics–Textbook for classb XII (NCERT)
 Laboratory Manual of Phsics
 Physics Modern'S ABC book

Websites:-
 www.google.in
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.youtube.com