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(oCC& 9&CXoO

oCHoHo A ~XHoUI IIX

2009

Publications de l'Institut Royal de la Culture

Amazighe
Centre des Etudes Artistiques, des Expressions
Littraires et de la Production Audiovisuelle

Srie:

Crations - N 18 -

Titre
Auteur

: Hammou Bouchkhar

Supervision

: Lahbib Fouad (CEAELPA)

Editeur

: Institut Royal de la Culture


Amazighe

Ralisation Technique

: Centre des Etudes Artistiques, des


Expressions Littraires et de la
Production Audiovisuelle

Couverture

: Unit d'dition

Dpt lgal

: 2010 MO 1396

ISBN

: 978-9954-28-051-5

Mise en page et impression

: (CTP) Imprimerie El Marif Al


Jadida - Rabat 2010

Copyright

:IRCAM

~ +1 E:HI 00HE: o~ so ~"00~, ~ j'CCo HE:Co n00g.


~ +1 ~IZHHE:I+~HgHoHH~000, ~ gH+Co :t{~19; go ~XXgl~1
9:t{:t{oH.
A~CCg

oH

ees, oa

a: ~e II~X~

~,*,IIY C 1

seaa ou:

Il me semblait que ma vie, jusqu' cet instant, avait t vcue


par un tranger. Borges & Casars.

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r~ o 0 . f oUIF geger orxx o os, xex

oII XOY
f o ygff~f,
oII eoUH+'.

Avant que (le) silence ternel n' arrive, je veux me servir de


ma voix, De ma parole. Antonio Tabucchi.
flllIOf,

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III( Ilo Il

ec of

~IIII~XI

Tu sembles vivant, parce que ta tte fleurit encore un peu .


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23-12-2003. P. 59.

32

3- M-s Zemmuri: prsence berbre et nostalgie paenne, tettawin,


2000. p.94 et p.84
4- H. Meschonnic: pour la potique, gallimard.1970. p.46.
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3- J. Derrida & j-f Plissart: droit de regards, minuit.l985. p35
4- Heidegger: Etre et temps, Gallimard, 1986; p. 214.
5- Hari Kunzu, le monde des livres 12/09/03.
6- L'aure comme moi, trd, g. Leibrich, seuil, 2005. p. 63.
7- R-P Droit. Fables sans frontires et ministres amis le monde
des livres. 15/09/06.
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+t:[t:+oO
1- El khatir, lmula n Tmektit, ungal, phediprint, 2002.
2- Merleau_ponty, 0/115%00 Il so 15%0<, afer 218.
3- ot:{glo, to0oKU,
g+tgl, 35, r'1C+; 2002.
4- Wittgenstein un calcul existe quand on le dcri. Grammaire
philosophique, p.314.
5- Borges, L'Herne, 1981, p. 79.
6- Loffo 1 fof H GfoJ{<%i? (p. 14).
7- Ernisto Sabato, iir Borges (p. 152).
8- M.Arkun: ooOof, oeXgllIn: H.Salh, ttaliaa, 2001, p. 74.
9- Raj Benchmsi: Fracture du dsir, actes Sud, 1999, p, 49.
10- Emmanuel Lvinas: Martin Heidegger et l'ontologie, 1932.
(L'intentionalit).
11- Le monde des livres, 19/0912003.
12- H. Messchonnic: pour la potique, Gallimard, 1970, p. 46.

56

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1- D. HART: Assu U-Baslam- Monde Amazigh N32- Mars 2953.
Aussi loin qu'ils aillent quelque chose les y ramnera toujours
2- Hlne Claudot-HA W AD. Les Touaregs- Portrait en
fragments- Edisud 1983- P: 99
3- Zaid Ouchna taqerfiyt ou mode de communication .Tawiza.
81. Yennayar, 2004.
4- Hlne Claudot-HAWAD, ibid, p.: \72
5- Franz Weyergan: Le cinma, Edi du jour, Paris- Bruxelles,
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~X 0010 o[HoHo 110, /\ +nl*H+ 10YI tlI/\o,
X
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gC~~o[ /\ IIoOt, YO g9000A. ~t~
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co xa oUoH110 so tl*t*; /\ g/\[ 110 t9g0~. tU[1
[t/\/\I,
0/\ t0tll
co so tHHt, H190[ /\ g[OU00 0/\
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X +000K+, ~[ 00tUHI X. sxox 1101.Ct
/\ 01tHt, 1 tU[ 01Y~ 019/\g; u.xx, so cxxs- Ho t*tH.
/\ tUoHtUI t so xa 0~1WO}{I, ~X gOono1 K~Xgl+ 0; /\
~[ +0HH[ tUI tllol o[~Xgl 10ygH rxxro, Ho t000UoH X.
g[~Xgl t000UoHI tH0, 1 H[OOg~, t/\Og01; so /\ YO
o~tYI.

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U:H toXlIg~t; tg0~ to/\~0t, toOg tx H'j(0~, oHH~X00
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t0HHt 00: 1+0.x t1ZHH091,
co H++Cg tcEgE IY /\ -ous.

.x

73

Hammu Buchkhar

Amlala d ixfawn nnx


(Awal yf tussna tamaziyt)

2009

Taeawit d wurar
AIs d arnhayi
akka k qqisx, maggin als, iqqn iyi ad rsx wahli g
umzruy, azzlx yr tsrwit n tusna tamaziyt. ntcni id ikkrn
xfs, tzri zg imi, yr tmddjt, nnican, waxxa ur tlli tirra,
nu fit tzri g teawitt d wals. imzwura, km xsn ad ak inin
ca unvmis, la t ifttk s da ak qqisx ma yifi yarun. Da
inak axub nns, d wussan, ur as isggidn.
ddan iwdan ad ffyn ils nnsn. Ills asn unlli; d ag
allig, fafan; xsn ad wtn anfa g tzdayt nnsn, ufin ca igan
n ibbrawn, ag ttuyzin, ffir asn. Ass u, ku idj la yurzzu
ad imzaray d ubttu as d ikkrn. tawuri ak t utcx, daha,
tgu idj zg jar innzgumn itnin, izzazin x tk''rmin n
umaziy ar ad tgt gx.
Azyyr
Wn itwak'rn, waxxa la t itawt uzyyr; ur d ad ikk
ddaw n tayt n wni t yuk 'm; illa g wawal aqurar ma as
innan: zggrx c. Irar as: ssnx c; xa itass tilula nns, issiy
tirit. Imzwura yr umhtar ag d waerabn, la gin beit, ad k
ur zllan ixfawn nnsn; gn ismyan, ha ilin g taglt, ddaw n
tayt n unjdi, s tawsna d ihtta,
Tizi yu, igin addur n tmurt zik, tdda asn; yayul, wn
ittawgn x umzruy, xa t itaf d asrbub idj n tsmyt; zg tayt
yr tn itnin. Ur xa d tffyn zg ict, xas ak ad btan ddaw n
tayt itnin, s umata zg tmnat n yils. Ayn iddjin idj ad
yari "imazivn la t initn ad arin s yils n igdudn itn igin
ddaw n tayt", dat ara yini "askkin ur idjin amyuy n yils
avlnaw n tmazivt",
S imgrad ad zdmx g udlis a, xsx ad arix arzzum inu,
d tzmrt, n ku idj ad yari s yils, ixs, mqqar isul ur

77

ittuzmmim g uzrf amqran n tmurt, allig "ku tanbat tuli,


g may mf ( ... ) X lhntati", usrwt nnsn.
Tazmrt tiwi zg imzwura, ayn iggutn; is asn imqadda
ad ssiwln, g ils n win itnin xas nitni illa dg sn, yili. is
llan win ayuln d ibrranin, d win qqimnin la tn izzad
unzgum ur d am imzwura iddan rean, ha ttuznzn. Zg
winin ara iqqimn d abvur i umhrram, d wals, g tmaziyt
ndda ad naf xirddin, craybi, srhan, memmri, zg jar win
itnin itwasnn.
Ahnjif
Imaziyn ak ad inin ass u ayn isska yiwn, yig yrnx:
ahnjif d udida, nnan as ungal. da ufix dgs atu yiwin yr
tguri n "inna+ "idj" = yun inna. Ur ntettu is illa g
<gal>, asyd n tcrabt; al ntcni ad yini xas idj ny d ugut,
ur ax iddi walu. mqqar suin, widda nssrs am ubyur,
iwtn d win ar issrsn tazrut n uhnjif zg nnj, i tmaziyt.
Tankra yu, la tgru ca n tsurifin; xas nta ixs as manig
ara yimtn uhnjifa, ak ad yawt wass manig ara yili
mami, ara azdn middn atad, ad ig udm ny d afras g
tussna n tmaziyt, g warrar n tskla s umata d uhnjif g ixf.
Afras u, ig as lhal ad issyuy, mahd isul wul la
itzdah. zzat ara d yawt ufras u, imarayn imzwura akk
manig tllim, knni sisun ara ikkr ils g umata ad yili lgud
ix issknafn. imarayn waxxa d ad ilin, idda ad yas, idj
ara yak''rn afttuj, ak ad issid udm n wals g ils ad
amazry.
Arnsawad
AIs, ahnjif, adida, makka, as nllaya, ur nffiy amur n
umhrram, ittinin tilawt n uggid ny d afrriy nns, iskkin
ni la tmyawatn jar asn; d waggiwn nsti daha, d ad tinin,
is urar ibdd x wals. Urar nta ismun asaru d umzgun;
urar nta issiwl g wansa n sin iskkin nni; als d ils, issn

78

urar ad issufy zg lk'arid, maxmmi itts uskkil, yr umuci


ara qqln middn.
Imgradn
Idrisn ad xmi yuli udida yu, usin d zg magin
tamnat; xsx ad inix zg trifit d tmaziyt d tclhit ; al ils n
tqbaylit ungal nssk, s tyuri, yura t ernr whmza: si tdyant
yr tayd ... Walynni iqqim i twala d yusin. Tazrawt
tamzwarut, tmlala ag d idj udlis ittwarin s tmaziyt,
yayul i di ikn g uskkif n inzadan. tissnat allu, tayul i
Lhbib Fuad g tisurifin. Tis kradt tmlala ag d udlis d
ikka n trifit, yayul i muhmmd buzggu g ticri x tama n
tsarrawt. tazrawt tis kuz, tdda d x unzgum n tmaziyt,
mqqar ur ttwari s tmaziyt; adris nnsyayul i x irdin, nta
mi ilaya: agadir. Yuri t s tfransist.
Tazrawt tis smmus, tmhatar ag d wagga ittwarin s
yils n ayt dam, s tmaziyt tayul i hmd hddaci g: memmis
n ifsti d awal. tazrawt tis sddis, tga tin wad izrin, nssers
it am ucwwal, nuri t x ict n tbrat, mi irzm g umadal
amaziy. Tazrawt tanggarut tbdd ag d magd ssufy
afulay, ilaya yas: imula n timktit yurit g tsusit. Wasa
ittf udida, niwt yr wamur ittf urar, g ccrkt n usaru d
umzgun.
Adris ittwarin x usaru, n lava as: amlala d ixfawn
nnx, issufyt id hasan lagzuli, s tmaziyt; wn tssufy
yamina bngigi, nta iddad s tfransist, tazrawt n git s
tmaziyt; asaru anggaru, issilit: dubuysun, s ils n imuhar,
n ucas alaya n: tayri, ustu n tudrt.
X umzgun g mi nzru ayn iggutn, ur n ssufiy xfs xas
sin imgrad, idj yuli x: tillas n wayur. wis sin x "tabrat
umaziy" turar d rbiet n izmawn n zmmur.

79

S twizi ay tddr tmaziyt


Irngrad n d nsmun daha, ur ggunin al assu ak ad
izirn tafuyt, km n ssurf card imgrad, akk: ayn iqqimn,
izri iffy g tmswasin n tmazivt, am umadal amaziy (sdis
imgrad) d tawiza s card imgrad.
Tawalt s wansa nns g tratsa trzm i yidj, i yufin abrid
ffir uyn g umadal, i tislya yi n tmazirt, s snat nnsn, la
ttinix tanmmirt ihrrn.
Adlis a
La urttux s wafriwn a smunx daha, ad ssiwtn yr
uxmmem g tidjt tamzruyt, illan la trrz assu, allig tdju
widda iggam ils n tmurt, ak ssiwln x uslul d twsna s
uqzzr , km ur ak ssiwln x tudrsa n mag qqimn g d
aruk'u; ammi allig ur illi walu, tcni igax lhal anzri, s
ifassn lakrfn yr idmam.
Tifut n tisk'Ta, g uzlmadn ifriqiya, tmzagal ag d
waddur nns, zg wassn ma nggrn iwdan nns, ad arin s
walsiwn n tmura ihn itzcakn, askkin iziln, xas ur itwagg
x tadawt n yils mi ntraea d amzzyan, ur istahl ad yaru
timeiwadin nns am zik; km ur illi iwid issawaln
tamaziyt ad akmn amzruy zg tawwurt n tsrtit, la isul
asn uzilal n umzruy ask'Tan. wad illa sn g ils usin g
imawn nnsn. xas imik n uhtta, day jedjg.

80

Asmzdu n idj ussk


g udris n eli Ikkn (1)
Tussut
Ungal nta yuli, ibdd x iet n teawitt, itini n, tasraft n
ayt tmurt. Allig smarn, ghzn imnyan x tandfart i
Fransa, zzat mi, ara ggir n tisura n tnbadt iwin itnin, ur
d iss mtinn tasrtant issalayn tamurt. Ayn ara ix yafn d
imttinn. D yils n ungal inna:
"ad itmtlrn suly ddry"(afr, 51).
Tacawitt a, isul ixs ad ttlmmdn, g tinml iwi d iddan
am tuymist n truzi, d uqllb x uzur n yixf, g tmnatt ad n
ifriqiya tazlmadt. D ak "ad ddux yr tgmmi nw" (afr 54),
illax ad nkk x izhtiln, d ingiyn, d tihllal, d idmutn, mi
ur asn igi ad ax s-ttun; g isskitn ad n wafriwn n uskkif n
inzadn, d udmawn nns.
Ungal d idj ussk x tmynst, x wassay
tasdawit, x uhuf n wahli, aeraq s yils yadn,
tbratin (afr 67), ag d umas, ny d taddart,
igan n umarg d tyufi (afr 68).
Iggitn n ungal, zrin inggura n 1973, d
tsrafin n tmurt, n ayt usqft nwi yr zzat.

n irnrign, x
d umsafat n
id yiwin ea
usluz, jar n

Udmgungal
Aztta ax illa n, ingr idudan, ilaya s umaru ns: ungal,
makka tn n tqql, g wafr amzwaru. Tacawitt, ur tgi iet.
Tbad ad tlluz, tamz, ayn iggutn n ibrdan; tigira n ungal:
askkif n inzadn. Nwrn zg inidan, smi ara n akz ungal.
Nnix nwrn yr tirra, itayuln yr wass. Nitni ara ittfn udm
n timswasin. Abvur illan digsn, x ad tadjn tilelli iwn

81

itzmmamn ad yini awal nns, s uwhan,


tgi, tissal nwn id yusin.

mqqar,

tirra ur

lis g ungal
Tisurraf itgg, iwind anbdd, x inidan n tmurt. Tik'Ti
yu s tayzi ur d s cnwa. Makka allig udfn imawn, ha
ukm
tazdyt, n ku yass ? Am makka ara yini idj
umasnaw. Ndda an asi zg ungal, tawala yu, awal itinin,
anzgum axt issxubn. "Yavul wawal zund tigmmi, nzmr
ad digs nzdv" (afr 38). ag d twuri yu, zg tmnat n tutlayt,
n ufit, zrgn dgs izuvan n tmurt n lqbayl. Timuyli tk.ku x
usni. D g wansa ara yini, yari "slliy yism-inu'' (afr 49),
issbta askkil n (n), da yari "yism iw", s wammu ara yig
ag d tiwinst itnin, manig inna "ul-iw" (afr 52).
Zg lqm umsawal. D ad ax hatm, tik"! n lftiyyat, ur d
ikcimn x ubrid n ubrrah n tmurt, allig myattasn timura,
yr wadda, walaynni d yusi, zg uhuf igu yr Dzayr, allig
inwr. Uttun nnsn, masmi is xitr aydda n yils, imyr. Idda
ad tirzm s tamacahut, zmim (afr 6) amdan (afr 8) yma
(afr 10) tmss (afr 16) tisdnan (afr 40) d tura (afr 64); ur
nkki daha xas x tsrbubt n iwaliwn, ur d yukmn x llgud
n umawal." tamurt twasn s yils n udris ", issurfn taszrut
iqqrtn ils, s ufud n tsrtit.
Tudrt g ungal
Tudrt tin waddur, waxxa digs atarh ny d amklft, xas
ad tili tbnn. Ag d twuri yu, d ad tn af tmmary, tudrt,
ntat ttwagg, ak ad tizzri yidj; ur d ak ad tissbd. Tudrt
tkku g ukrraf n ku yass, s uyn ad tn tizir tgu am uk'raf
(afr 4). Imdan idfarn amrwas n tnslmt, ha twaqqnn yr
tnggarut; ag ttettun tudrt, is kkin dgs; Is itn iqqn ad
awtn urtu, mani g ur issin yidj ma gin taydi.
Tawsna nwn ittfn yils n tcawitt g ungal, n di ikn, ur
d ikki aflla, ak ad yi sin, mag llan g ixfawn, d ulawn, n
injda n tnymist. Waxxa issn, la itawt yr tik"t n iskkinn

82

"yadn ayd ur nssin " (afr 4), ayn itadjan, ad yak"i d


umyar, isul ixs as ad ilal. Is ur d yusi, xas ad iyr, idmu
waha. Walaynni amyar ifrrnn awal zg ifqqusn d thllal.
Iqqn ad issrs mnid ax, is "awal ur iwhin"
Wn issawaln g ungal, ak=ay nns imda, allig
umyar ad ittawg, x ayn as itari. Assu yiwt tizi,
manig ixs ad yue i wawal atig nns, ur d awal
isfd ast wn wass. Agis, ifdda wawal amssas,
yufi mat iddzn, s tskka.

itlaya, i
d tiddi,
n yittd,
allig ur

Tirra tgu timetit n tyrma ikkin zik, d allig ur ax d


yiwt ca, is "abrid iyeqqa" (afr. 5), ha yixs, ku yidj ad
ijbr asafar i yitrsan itiyzin. Murd xas nfxa "tabrat ad Htt
tgrt dg wafa" (afr 34), uma tllax tyrma nna ara txst,
"tirra da tvimant".
Amawis n tyuri
Amawis iqqnn amyar d bu alls, issrs it, zg
umzwaru, ak ad yig lgud i wawal, s umawal. Ara yue g
uewari, ixs jar taeeiwin; d s twuri yu, ibad ad as inet,
ffir mi ar ad yayul ad tibbi (afr 24), ak as yadj, ad yaf
amur nns, n tlelli, ny d ur tlli tyuri.
Amsawat yuli x tiddukla, manig ur illi ituggda, ad
tmyi d tifieit, zzat n wafriwn itmraran awal. G wansa
yu, n ixmmimn; nyl ul nk "am, siwl, ini aynna tnnid ad
iqqim da" (afr 55) d tidt, ur igin iet. Walaynni, iddm d
tin itnin; tidt tlla manig tiwit aqrru. Xas asqsi iqqimn,
igu tahrradjut g iri, nta: makka ara n ffy zg tidt axn
yayn ? Tnntax am uslyay ? D umhatar d tudrt d umadal,
g tizi yu ig it"kem ixf nk ak ad taft amadal" 4.
Nteni ur ax iqqn an qqim s dffir, waxxa nkkrd d
imzlad. Ayn itadjan, ur nssin tadfi g tmzi nx (afr 6).
Isqsitn n smi nlla, tue ax an g ca, s ifassn, aka n uc, i
wawal ark'ti nns. Uma xas "awal ur izil" (afr la).

83

Bu alls, illa itqssar d harnid, illan xas itbiba, ur


tumiz tmttut ny d araw. Amsawad illan, xas itdduy,
nnan ad tsbddn, x ca igin stit, d ay alid: matta ntcni ? D
tilawt, igin tayzi nx; wid ay gin asqsi amzwaru n ungal
d ufgan.
Arzzu n tayzi, irwis fado Sar tkkst. D km illa yax an
ssisn tudrt, d ad tg: Fad. D ma y tggadjt, la iqqn ic fado
D ak ad ttmzarayt dis, ur ak illi, xas ad tili t, la tttarht,
D zg ssya ag tali uxub. Ack it adjan d imlelli. ha ifsus, s
tqbbat, ak ad tccdt am tilawt nx.
Askkif n inzadn, ungal a, yiwid tizi, manig tqqarn
tmqqa zwanin, n nzazit izwarn, d usgmi ibddn x uznng.
Aznng ad idda ad ixsimnid "ircan d ihritcan d... yixxan
d wbzzid d tugda wmuttl" (afr 11). Ag is icnq umdan,
ad yawt tilelli; xas ntat, ak ad tn awt ur tkki x tinyrst.
Izuvan ur t arun xas izuvan, ayn ur imsasan d usluz n
wawal, iggarn takadimit (afr 12).
Tlla ict n tficit, tn izdin wn iddan issn, ikcm tusna
ixitrn, d wn illan g wammas, ur issin ag d ict. D nitni ur
myirn, ny d qqimn g umsawat d iwdan. D manig ara
nini, yixs ad yayul yr dffir ak ad yisin, s manig d idda.
Ixs ad yi sin, ak ad innrzrn xfs, ur ityima la iqqn. Tiyuni
ag nqqn, la tadja, ak ur nttisin tirit id yiwin imal.
"S tidt nk ur ssinx mayd ak ttisinx xf tmsalt n lm ut
d tudrt" (afr 17). Iwdan n ungal d iwdan n ubad d tzmrt.
Xsn ad ssiwtn ca.walayynni ayn mi uzdn afus, la tafn,
ixfawn nnsn, rean. Zg ssya la itayul g wawal nnsn,
asqsi n umzaray n yig d uxmmem.
S umata ak ad zrin yr taggit, yixs ad kkn x wawal;
matta tilawt, matta d amzruy, matta tirra, matta l'az, ny
d tissi n tbirratin... g unggaru dat mi ara racan yr
maggin ak'raf, ixs ad ddm. Xas ntat s tayzi, la tyiman
imaziyn, ur d nitni ag tidim; walaynni tudrt ag tadrn
84

dgs. Da iqqim wuluf zg tmara, xas s"wzzal d wafa "(a,


19). Tallalin akk, xmi tbdd tnbat, d tsrtit tsnyuddu, ur
asn illi s mayr tddun. Izwwg asn ufud, d unlli; d ungi n
wasif, ur yrsn s ma t "tccucf'.
Ansa n tmttut
Inidan n iwdan ungal, hayln ha qqnn. La ssawaln x
tanumi d umqadda, g wansiwn, manig yixs ad ilin
rzmn. Idj ur iyis wn ara s izzuvrn awal, zg tayzi as ittl,
"Ula mami triv" tgu am twinst n uwajb, x wn ishilliln x
mag dmu, yigit d tidtt nns. Oisa daha, isul x maxmmi d
ikkr zik. tilawt tiwt, tussna assu, ur t tlkim. IIla bu alls
yamu ag ids. S uraea itgg itmvarin, ibrrkn. ls isul x
uqzzr n tmvart, im x ufus n ugrram, d umrwas is. "Nniy
asn: adjat ax zg ... W awal n tmvarin. (afr 21). D ay
nttu, is d nitni ax ikrmsn tutlayt, d wawal al assu. Irgzn
ag wwtin halla, i tmaziyt s udida.
Tamttut tgu anlli n tmazivt, Waxxa ad tsbrtiw al
tahl, ur tawt amrruz as gin igrramn zrinin. Ha suln, xsn
ad tkrrfn s unhat "km mud nnm axxam" (afr 34), aztta d
uqrcal. Ixs sin ifassn, d tirit ad inwm g ict, s ict n tmnat
tasus, ur tusi tudrt.
Tawsna ur tlli g uynna tufit, tasittid. Ixs ad yili
imik, n uxmmem. Ayn ur izrin ammin, yixs ad ttkkst zg
ivs d wadif. Atig gmi tgzmt; ny d matta wawal ad
"aynna g tgid nnk ag ttilid" (afr 36). Awal ur yuci ixf,
xas i widda, ititruzn.l'Awal
war lgud " tajqhit. Lawah
awddi; ntat tlla s twuri nns, ur tlli d ixfi is. TUa d
wiyyad. Ur x ad tutc, ixf is xas iwn yudfn idmar nns;
awa mchal, n twtmin ay usin irgzn g irawn nnsn, am
lalt n tarwa, d nitni ugmt mi qqarn tijqhin. (afr 55),
aerrq ad ixs as uluf, ur yujir idmutn, ix issayuln d
ismvan.

85

Tanymist tzzry ax awal x ijnjarn d imrign, ixs ad


ttfn middn stin in tirit, am titt smi ara tssid tmurt, tllf i
wnmri. D ak d ssiwtn asnfar, d ayn iggutn, zg iwdan d
lgud at, asn itute n tayzi nnsn. Ayn imran ak ad ttawdt.
Ggutn ttishydt innumn; zg izizitn itawin yr uerrg, d
truzi s sar tusit afud. S wammn, anbad x ma as tggir
tnymist, xas yr taluft. D "ufzze" (afr 42). Wn immutn
idda, wn immursn, ny d itturs, idda as iqqim yils d
wawal. Ara yini i winna ara d yasn. Giet n tcawit n
baemran, izzrin ad lue g wansa n umttin; ur tnni xas
iekkimn d ibrgign, ara yinyn tamurt.
Xas irnrign, km ur asn llin itbab nnsn, xa t nzn, ayn
g idmar n itn ijbm; d ak ad "nzyn tilelli" xa t zzm ku
isflilli, i ussan n imal. d ernmr imrign ur iwtn yr wansa
nnsn.
Tagrawla la tggar, asnfar nns, ak ad tslelli middn zg
tassast g mi Han, d km tsli, is la tbrram ntat d tassast.
"Arrnay la issguta isidinn, n usrtal". ur d, ak ad, bran g
ufus n idj, ffyn d "d tasdmirt".

1_ Ali Iken: asekkif n inzsdn, ircam, 2004.

86

Tisura ara n naf g


Tisurifin (1)
Km iyza wawal n Binfinist, manig itini: "ku umid
(idj n middn) itaru tutlayt nns, ha i arut ak ad iddr".
Adday n ssrs tavdft ad x tussna tarumit, ur imsasa ag d
timtti n imaziyn n zik. Is ntafa, wn iddan yr tgrramt
tamasiht, am ugstin, ag wn iqqimn g tmurt, yuri s ils n
win itnin. Ayn iwtin tawssna, ad tqqim xas g wawal;
mqqar n ufu issiwl x ayt tmurt am lgud n uxldun.
Agd tnkra, ara tisin tamaziyt, inggura n 1900, d ax
tawi iharsitn, ur igin anzgum nnsn g tudrt n ujmrnatin;
ssnn aztta yu n igrramn, is izwa; ienq ad ifk i umaziy
abrid issawatn i imal.
Zg idllisn, yuyn abrid ad igin qrta, da naf Tisurifin
n lhabib Fuad. Tawuri a, txs ad tssiji idj umudin, iwtin
tamurt, d wid ittwawtn, illa zg inidan, s mi twassnn, x
tayzi n tisurifin, ayt war afud. inggura i, ur qqimn xas x
udmu; idda asn illuz, ad tbadt ad tn taft, dg wawal is,
waxxa la ssawaln, djin ittusfld uhrsi nnsn; ayn itadjan,
ad tnzit dgsn. Afras itnin da tig, ufus; is waxxa llan ad
sn ifassn, ur badn atn sskn, ddaw n tgazit ak as asin
tamllaIt, zg ddaw as (afr.38). Tirst tmun asn d wadif, ur
illi dg sn ma ra adjn; nntn i uxrd d usmmr.
Km afus d taggit. yr tyuri n tisurifin n fuad, d ad tn
tafd turllit nns. Is ittwabbi, "ikkucm" (afr.66). Nzrit ur
izmir i wazzad; d allig iqqim lbarud immy (afr. 26), d
ad njbr, mara tinzizn s ujceb; ammi ijjnjm ixf nns. (inas
i....illa lbarud amhayl yuri ) ! Al ass mi iwwt anfa,
yafit, izil xas ad itwagl g tyanimt, i tslmya, ad as t ittr

ugrram.
87

Awal itayul ca igan x ufus, ar ad ign idj umttar x mi


illa ma id iwin zik. Tlla tnzizit tnazurt Hadda Uekki; ha
tyza dgs. (han asfsaf ikkr jaj ulmu ... Aeqqa ittwattan ur
dgs illi). Walaynni, ur ssinx makka g iccd, umusnaw n
tmddyzt taerabt, allig yuri "tayffrt ur d ad tini stit." Afus
ittsn, ur isala, ad ibbi (1) Gar acqqa; ny d "izuran i gar
amud" (afr.24).
Afud yuran, ag d injda, n tisurifin, ur tn issiwt ad
awtn addur, ara ilin g tmazirt s tzmrt (afr. 16), wa!
Tisurraf yrs enqnt ad t lkmn; is illa wahli (y aggug).
Addur illa yr nnj, ansa manig itiqqn umaru; addur ixs
ad ili g wacal, ur d g twirja urnrwas. Tawlaft nns g
tisurifin "zund afar, itmunn d udm n wacal, ur issin
aflla " (afr. 47). Tisurifin, am g umtawa n Higl; isnta s
tsurift tamzwarut; s wammu ag illa ueawd, n tisurifin,
ict tttf g ict. D g twala yu, d ad nkk x tirrugza, km itn
usi, ha nrmsit x lgud n tiddi. (afr. 43-44). Anhat n tuda:
"iwa gat irgzn, " ad iayul d taqbbat. Ntcni, nssn is d
irgzn ay gin ur d tieyyalin, Tamtut ara ign uzzal ur
tayul ttamtut ...
Ag d urmy ad ngu daha, idda ax yuc ca iracatn
itnin, yiwtn ad gn am ca n idmutn ddzn axtn d tisura, ur
nqqim n bad a tn nsqsa; allig ayuln d awal iyzan, mqqar
la rean. Tlla daha ict n tmaggit ittwakm; tzritn manig
itwattr zg irgzn ad gn irgzn. Tawala yu d ad n awi x
tmtut. d tuda d ad tn af, ur tgi tamtut ara tisint, tamtut n
umharas; ur illi xfs tifras n umid; ntat d "illis n udrnr n
uzzal" (afr. 71).
Ggutn iskkin ara nbrrm; ak ad ng idj uraca; igin
qrta; ara x iawin yr ubyur. Stit tilawt d askkin; d aru d
wn itnin, Walaynni amata n iwaliwn, ag t ggiran d
tilawt. Taficit n higl daha. La t ttwassn; allig inna tilawt
d tayzi; d tayzi tilawt. Iqqim, Ur illi mara x ikksn tatsa;

88

x tamatca n urxsis d waman; ha innak,


uglzim, x tirrukza d waddur amaziy.

lXS

ad iyz s

"Ay ac myayn a tamaziyt "makka g inna ernr


Uhmza. Ag tkkn x imaziyn. Azwu d ikkin xf sn
issasutn, am wafriwn n tazart (afr 43). Xas ixs ur n
ttettu, is tssk tsyart ad ussan nns. D km tasus, ur x ad
tbrram ad twwt agjdir. Wn irman awint waman. Magmi
isul wadif isul ad ikkr, al wn mi izwa ivss, igguni t
ifrci. D jil Duluz, iyza, allig inna, is ixs an kkwr wn
ivrrdn.
Awal d inzi
Ils amaziy, ur inni as t ssflidt; ha ur takzt dgs awal
aqurar, wn izrin, al yr nx. Wn ara n isin s wassay n inzi.
Xas awal d ztin middn n zik, ur illi dgs usafar; xas km
as ncdl afsr. Atu nns irst km ur illuz. Imaziyn ur nenni
ad ssufyn ca n idj zg ixf nnsn, ak ad ig idj itnin. Ayyuz
i izm, allu i tavat; ku idj iqqim igu ixf nns, ur izri ca zg
zzgs ny d ikkst, ak ad tigr zzgs (afr 75). G maggin
tamaggit illa idj wallay, buwfud, ur ax izri ad tn rrny;
mqqar ur inni ad iqqim x mad ikkr.
Artal
Km ur tukit s mac iddzn, ur tnnit ad takzt aqrru nnk;
artal d idj n tutra. Ayn itadrn dikk ad tqqimt d amzl'ut.
"Illa manig ziln irtaln ittwasnn"; walaynni arttal it adjan
ixf, d amatraw ur iyuda, is igu azilal uzggr, issawatn
ahtca yr u errq; arttal ur igi arttal, al yili yrs masmi
itissayul. Yif i hzzuti km ur yiqqim wnna rix; ag inna
bu izli; yif ad tnnjlat, ha ur tggt asmy. Waxxa imray
ahn tsmzarayt.
Tawuri n tisurifin tssn ad tedil i lcbar n wawal; is
"if ad igur yr umlala ur d yr umzaray". Ur illi maxmmi
ara n gg-d, zg urrnay n tmucit km ur ax ttusi, ur tiwt

89

tiddi nnx. Km n usi stit, awal n Marsil Mauss; s urttal


Ur da trccaq xas i imttin. Tamaziyt tusd as su g tnkra,
maggin azilal tkkit, ak: ad tssiwt, ass nns; d s usirm ay
tggur tudrt.
Abrid yr tisura
Nucu tisurraf nx; illa wdllis n lhbib, d ay n ak:z, is
ax isul an awt yr tisura, ara n af. Tisuraf km I1f:?U taguri
nns, d ad n awt yr tisura nnjlanin mi isul ad tn id njbr;
illa mag urin "km txst ad thrrzt ils, ur ak: illi, xas ad Vifs
thuft" .
Tikccudin
Adlis ur d yusi hzzuti, xas s iskkiln n tifinay smi
ittwari; iskkiln ur qqinn g tirra i tyuri waha; usind ag d i
timuyli. Zg ssya, ay tbta tzuri d iyman, g unggaru, xf
tussna; ffir mag kku Di finci. Iskiln n tmaziyt issamum
lhabib; iwtn ad ssiwln anymis nnsn stit; is gin amur zg
tudrt. Lian s tik't g udlis n tisurifin; ak: ad nkk xfsn akk
yujrax. Ayn itadjan ad ssikln idj uggid, waha. Km
itnhta makka i urzzu ad ilkm tizi n tilelli, iqqn ad n bdd
x tikccutin iemmr; n ufit n umzn ansiwn n wafriwn: 10,
25,34,45,54.
D tn ittfn afr 73.
Tawlaft n umid, tkkrd zg uzday n uskil: ya d yar d
yad. Xas umid ad g twlaft a, illa iqqim d ifassn la qqnn
ifaddn yr tavsmart; d sin ibrdan ibrrkann zg ddaw as. tn
illan g wafr 25; illa itigur, ny d la ibdd, s wagga jn
uqrru nns. ag d tikli yu, isul as xas idj ubrid. Walaynni,
tamara tsul tmun ag is. Aziza ur tidji ad yigur.
yr wafr 34 d ad mym ibrdan, ayuln d cart; d umid
idda g ilan; mqqar iffy iyimi; ayn ara tissiwtn ad ingigi;
itarn d ifassn nnrzmn, Awd imi iftk. Abrid n annayt
yuts; ivimi ara n af g wafr 54; d iyimi usgunfu; ibrdan d
inidan ur illi xfsn uhrraz i tn izyyrn.
Zzat ara nzr tanggarut; tlla twlaft n wafr 57; la x
ssneat askil n: yar; iqqrt d imiq n tafuyt d yu sin ad tffy;

90

d imi, ammi itini "gix imlelli, is ur gix idj itnin, xas


qqimx s thurrit d s usrrh tama n ixf inu".
Ak ad n sala yahuf d umuddu n umid a, manig ara
tn af irzm ifassn, ammi idda ax ihatr; talalit nns tdda d s
uluf ag d ujnna. Ixf igin askil n: ya, idda as yali: yar, ak
ad arin askil n: yas; d km nyr arngrd am uskil n yan,
izyym; ndda d ad nbdd x tguri n: ssn; nyd: sl1.
Ixmmimn a; ax idjin, an gguni, tisura itnin x mi isul
ukmmus n tisurifin, a tn yuc, i imyran; ak a tn fsan; am
tadut, x mi ikku ca igan n wawal g udlis n umaru.

1 - Tisurifin. Lahbib Fouad; ircam, 2005

91

Tikli n walud ag d bu ungal


Muhmmd Buzggu
Yuri Mirlu Punti g idj n wafr, inna Amadal n
twsna lay tyima yqqn, walaynni yffy zzat ax, daha, illa
idj ulmsi ad ra nisin.
Buzggu zg tmnadt nns idrihn x lgud n igran, d aka
tn nssrwt, dda ng tawala g umjar nnsn aka ur zddin.
Ustu n ungal, nta d arzzu x uyrum, x tudrt, x yixf.
Iqqim uskkin n urzzu hzzuti; daha Y uri buwngal
Ayrum hafi war idji d ayrum (afr 2). Day ikkr
uxmmem g ueraq yr tmizar tibrranin; ara d yawin
amrrt, da, g tmurt; ynd urin aday tffyn. Tawada yu, xsn
zzg s, ad ssfsusn agga; d nta xas magd itiza. Km ngru
tir x udm n ungal, da naf amalu utar, iy itmyim manig
ikhars yr zzat. D tawada s war uhnkar, ur ax ttiwi xas yr
walut d ifxsan ar ad yayn inrzawn, km ur uzziln s
izuvan.
Ungal lax issmyay, udm n tamara itwawtn s tmssi;
aynna d ax iqqam yr ils, smi ara nssfsu axub, d wawal
ur d yuli, is iemmr yimi s uyrum; ayn ad ax issrasn g
ususm; g tyuni yu isul ead ur issin l wawal (afr 14); d
ubddi nns nta d amxumbr, ada d yawi amalu n tmurt.
Ara issiwtn yr umnzay, xf wawal d uyn isswatn, i war
afrrz (afr 28).
Zg tmnat itnin, tusna n usiwl ur tbdd x usufy n
watu s uhrsi, Awal xmi irzzu, ur igi askkin n urngrd,
bar n usgmi, ikkrn x tilelli; magmi ur illi wqzzr; ny d
agar itadjan bab nns itzuvi; Tu! ur xat tkksn, xas
tiyyad, xsx tn tsmun Ibtta, am maka g tg baba s,
issawaln s nte g ungal (afr 36); ha d nta y sul d amzyan.
Xas abbue as ggam g imi aka ur issyuy (afr 28).
Tiymas suln ur myim (afr 31), d nta ithrnmac ad ittf

93

ansa jar ik'swatn. Nte, ittfn awal g ungal, ibad ad ikkwr


x ymma s, iqqimn g tmurt; igg-d zi trumit, iluln g nwae
d ielulan, urid am tn iqqimn i tizwi.
1wdan n wallay ungal
La n tafa argaz d tmttut nns, allig asn ikkr watu n
uzwa yr tmurt n irumiyn. Zg iet n tmnat, an izir i
wmsbdi yu am iet n tnuwra. D warrar, manig ara rsn g
twala yu, tgit tmurt n Dzayr. D ad iddu urgaz d
memmis, aka d meafarn x tawada, aka tqqim twtmt, la
tttf ansa d waeal; is tgu abut n tudrt n tmazirt, d
tmaziyt.
Ass km brrrnn yr s, ha ssiwtn as ayrbaz al tama n
tgmmi g brra, xas aka tssmzagaln d uzur idjin imaziyn
ad qqimn al ass u.
Abttu, dat mi nlla, ha yue as udm n: Tavat innuryn
di mrnis (afr 16), D leafit issyusn. Tqqim tudrt d iet n
ticri- tikli, ur xa y ssigim, xas ukus d umzaray.
Asqsi n wawal irzm i ca ygan iqrra, izurar dg sn,
ndda ad tn dfar, ag d wn itfn awal g ungal. Xsx ahnjirarba amzyan ihtan tikli; ny d ussan d may d iwin, allig
iffy ag d baba s. G tudrt nns id yusin, idda ad ibdd x,
maggin aqrqr ikwswatn, awal ur xa tinin zzat as (afr 41).
D uyn ur yisn ad yisin (afr 44). Ahrac n uhnjir iwlmd,
nta d anzgum im it zg imma s, itwaggn d tacnzult,
mqqar la tssawal. Almd nta yusid, aka d issiwl g wansa
n imma s, aka taf ad tari i wrgaz nns (i 54) tssqsa t:
maymmi iyttu ? ha yiqqim i wrba ad yisin tirra d tmuyli
ituten arca n ulmsi x tirwt nns.
Ayt tmurt n ungal nta/nitni d iet n timqqit x ayt
tmazirt g unggaru. Amalu n tmqqit u yif nta, g wassay,
ayn illan g tilawt. Ayu idj ax an isid mzyan amzagal
ikkrn jar urba d trbat.
Ikku agi nx, makka g ukm uwtm ad iyr, Tqqim ax
tuwtmt, ntat da tmre. Tarbat, marna s, amur nns igu
yiwl. Walaynni
tabrat
n trbat ur tiwt, ad nini

94

Tmmurs, D yiwl ag ubrrani, ismzdu allig ur injiq, d


mchal ag btan tiddi yu x tn tssn trnttut zik.
Aka tgt abut n unjdi ad yas g wansa, wwu ad gin
askkin anggaru x mi itizir usnflul (Cubbnhawr). D bu
ungal s tmnat nns, igu biddi, aka d ikk x uyn igin azur n
iwdan. Ntcni km n wwt anfa, g mag zdin awal d
tamatca, la tn taf a, g imi. S imi ay nssawal, ha n tc.
Inidi n wutci issrs yiwid ixf ara y kkn rfwar/ arktam.
Tamrist 1 tn ismunn x tndut. Mqqar zzuvrn ad tsluzn, ur
iwin zg s ma smi ara fmn tiymas (afr 23). Is d aqrru ad
wr yinwin, mad ur igi wn ittuvrasn ? Idj uskkin ag nzzn
yr nx, atu n tislit ur yiwit i mmas. Mqqar ikku xf s fus d
sin /sa isggasn (afr 54).
Awal x udmawn n ungal, ux ay tkk g idj wawal;
walaynni s twala. S uyu smi tnyuddu twuri n tzra n tari
daha. Burxis la y tddu d uzdi itttfn idj ufilu, yttu
wiyyad. ag d iwaliwn, d an awt ad nk x trumit, d wansa
tttf g ungal n Buzggu.
Yuri wnna y bttun awal g ungal, inna: baba mbra
Maria am ymma mbra baba (afr 63). Maria tlla
iwjmmatin i yill, d ymma x tmnat u. Akrus u ibdd x
uzwwa urgaz, magmi izri tamtut. Sar ixmmem, ad ig
biddi, ad tissnuw agis. Da, ag tmyay usqsi n tazzgt.
Ibad ubrid nns ad ig wn tuccnt, ix ay tddun s idj am g
usszwa ? Baba s nwn issnyuddun awal g ungal ad
iqqim g tmnat itinin aday imlala ag d trumit, xas tqnn
ibrdan. Arzzum n ukrus u la t itafa g uyn illan, urid ayn
ntgguni; uma mnca g iskkinn itkkn x uksum iddm. Ur
nssin ca yiggutn x tmttut izri g tmurt. Stit, illa zzlt d
tarwa. D wid, qaddan ad azzln x tudrt, km ur t kkisn. yr
Maria, tlla tayudi war tdji d tmyart waha, d tudrt d
tamqrant, d tusna (afr 68).
Ayn itadjan araca yr lgud n Maria, ad iyzif ag d
urgaz; nitni ag tadjan ahnjir, ad isqsa. Tayudi n trumit,
95

d umsasa n baba s agis; fus g fus (afr 32) d idj n wudm.


Zg ssya tasurift tufrivt, g usgmi nns. Arba ag baba s d
tifieit, ur t itadjan ad inyuddu. Day tuzd tissi n tyrrafin
(afr 35). Aka tmzzi tudrt. Km ur nttu timueit n usttuy
jar atsn Man tn zzay snt itxs 'l (afr 42).
Asqsi yu iccd, manig ur illi zzatas mara yxs, ynd
mara yadj; iet tlla dat s, tiyyad s wahli manig tlla. yr ixf
ny ag idju lhal ad nbrrm, aka nqqim d middn n wass u.
Igur n ufgan yr ca n twsna d taerrimt iqqn ad t yasi s
ttawil xfs, ak ad yawt ad issird mireayn as httan, waxxa
ur t itwarja.
Awal n trumit isskr dg s leafit, da yi!jjj; is d yu su zg
iet n tusna irean, yr iet ibddn x wawal, mi ur illi wmunt,
ynd tisrafin (afr 35). Maria tsul ead d tamzyant, Yumz t
s ufrriy; ntat yr s is la yillf itmtut nns (afr 61). Mnyiwt
n trumit tuzn argaz i tsraft, manig ittqqnn. Ayu izzuyr
ax ad nbbi awal x ulqqm, igin idj n lgud itsmunn izuran
mzagalnin, Maka xf s tssiwl Kristifa.
G tmnat tamzwarut illa umhatar d ukus n trumit. Zg
tisnat, tlla twada urba yusin tifras n uzwa n baba s (afr
34). Ukus n tudrt d ufuy zzg s, la y tyima iet n txneuet,
x mi y bdd wawal g ungal; amzaray n baba s d imma s
d idj umsbdu (afr 78); d ukus yuli sis vr wansa n uxssi
wwatu ymma s igin tudrt; allig tiwi trumit argaz nns.
Ufuy n trumit anggaru ur da y truz akus n ungal, itigin
wn yudfn tasraft manig itgrin imsulta.
Tiwnt tanggarut ad ax isbddn g tirra n Buzggu, tdju
allay nns x udm nns; da tg tidtt. Tu! manig ittrzit yirak
ak tsmxazzaf. Tidtt d taydit ay tgu; ggutn as ixneae am
iyman (afr 104). Ckkin la ttazzdt afus i wsyun d nta lay
t ntaw yr yiri; day zg urzzu n tudrt yr usagl d tsarrawt
(afr 105) ara yibbin ifili n watu, ara t issufuyn zg tudrt.
Maggin askkin yizri t g wansa; arba iwt n t inymisn n
bbas x ubrid n Ik'arid gmi isyu ifsan n tmatea. Ussan

96

yusnin ggubraw, iwtn yr tsa; ag buwjnna, yakuc, ur yr s


mara d ibrrm dg sn (afr 110). Tudrt n injda n ungal
"Ticri x tama n tsarrawt", tsul tnyuddu, xas aday nxs ad
tn nmti, lax ttasa d tamssast; walaynni mag ssnn, ibad
ad t n af, idj wass tadfut am tirra n Buzggu (1).
(adris a idda i hafida burxam yuein ad qqalx adlis a)

1- "Ticri x

lama

n tsarrawt'', ungal, Berkane, 2001.

97

Agg-a iggim zg ungal Agadir


Ungal n Agadir d issufy x irdin, g taddart n tama,
asggas n 1967. Yurit s uhrad, is mlalan ca iggutn, n
tmariwin itkkn x tmurt. D ad n af ayn iskkinn, waxxa
ikku xfsn wahli n ussan, issayul ihn uxrt, mi n t ini,
agadir allu, am lgud n lhzz n idj utiqs,
Zg inidan n uhrad ad g ungal, illa manig ara tyrt
tiwinst ittfn afr x unggaru nns. Xsx izdi. Agga yr mi
ndda g tlayit a, ngu i tazray u, almi d ad iqqim iyza ?
Ak ad n af azilal d tsufyt iy isqsi yu, d ad nbrrm, yr
usyun izddin talayit n bu ungal d uhrad, as igin
tahrradjut,
Dat mi ara nkk yr usqsi u, iqqn ax ad nzri x uskkin
n tamaggit, makka itizir yrs, zg ubrid n tirra. Matta
umrwas yayn tamurt am umudi. Matta n tat tnbat illan x
iwdan ? Maggin amzruy d uymis ? Maymst ntat
Kahina? D matta uzhtl u, illan g wallay n Agadir?
Azhtl
Azhtl nta d ingigi itcatn acal. Milmi ara ykk x
middn, illa itqqn dgsn arwa. D walut ara iggim d ad tig,
is nannay afus d mag uzd, ak ad iswiz wid llanin g
uxub, amrrt. Walaynni tanggarut, ca ur t id issili.
Lulx ffir uzhtl iwtin Agadir. D ak ad tisint, waxxa
ur msasan, la t zrit wn tssn tmurt, g lhusima g 2003.
Iyrm yayul d idj usmtl akswat. S wawal n x-irdin, la n
t ili zzat iyrm ag d itffu d amttin. ag d tsmtlt irzmn;
idda ad imyr urst yzri g watu ad tkWrin iwdan da yirst ag
d wn itik'tinfa l-l).
Yxs manig d idda ca uzhtl, yxs iwdan, ur httan
imtursn. Ad htan, ayt tnbat; ur tggn iktcawn, ad djawnn
x tadawt, n wid iddan brjn, ny d rrzn, Yusd g wafr 16

99

"inna a11u, lat n ttawi bzzaf g imgrawn


iwdan ittursn. X uskkin a, stit ag nna"

n tnbbadt ugar n

Tanbat
Wn issmqaddan tirggin wawal g ungal, ak ad ddun.
La iggar, mag ttfn abkkas n tmurt, g lmrt. Is itizru la t
bdd xas x tmara n ugdud. Nta ad iwwt hitrrma, ad ibzg,
ha iqqar s taydi, d tgldit ntat, la tqqim ttrrh, d ixf nns, is
as illa mag tcatn hitrrrna, ad ijbr ayrum n ass s ass (afr
60).
Ssya, la it afa akk axub yayn afgan g tmurt n
imaziyn, illa yas g wallay "umiz n ikurdan. D tinitin
ug11id buwxlul" (afr 68) itit ssmraran.
D ayn inqqn, mak ag nna bu izli "tgiti titi ddaw n
titi tnviti", (s uhrsi n Mujan). Titi tamzwarut nkkd xfs,
wasa d ad n as, yr tn asd yusin, zg ayt usun. "zg tama n
waraw nns, sskm allu asn zdn s lxlasat isstsan" (afr 70),
d jar udlfiq d wn itnin, xa itafa ugdud ixf nns, la yzin a
st.
Bu yils bu tcawit yucu, awal iku yidj, s twuri yu
iyza, is ikm n iwt an sl1, i ugllid la ittbrrah "ur t ssint
walu. Ntcin ag nbdn'ra.S), d ad taft mara ik yinin
"agllid yukr ax. (afr 79).
D ayn ara n ssndu, zg iwaliwn i, mara yim wn
itkkrn "ur hmilx tirs al n tgldit" (afr 27) iqqum x ukccut
n uzyan, is as tiwi ayanim (lburdu, maxmmi ara t adr:
tamzuzt. D wn ittfn ansa, amazuz g ungal n x-irdin, ur t
igi ugrram, walaynni wn ibddn x uztta n ayt twuri, yiwt
ad yini "km ur illi ug11id ur tddim ay tzzrim" (afr 82). D
wini ittettm idj ugllid, rwisn ijra, makka g uri La
Fantain g tmacahut ns*2.
Amrwas
Maymi iwhn ad idmu, la ittayul d, bu idmmuyn
itutcn timdjt, i mnwala. D ad yili d agdud akk, aggin bu
idmmuyn. Itfsus ad ttbbit d ilan. "agdud inu rzint s
100

tdmmuyt" (afr 68). arwas iwwtn imaziyn. Illa manig ara


tsUt mara k yinin: s urwasa smi tffym tizi n tenzlt. Day
t ini t ckkin stit. "walaynni matta uzgal a ! Ccncfn qah
tisunin" (afr 68).
Illa udm itnin, n umrwas maxmmi ur da nkk:; ur nzri
x yils issnyuddun alls. Nta igu ayn ur izrrin (afr 37). La
iggar ass anggaru; tudrt aggin tanggarut; wn itn ikrfn la
t itffy. "imttinn ur d ad txmmamn, waxxa ad tahlm mara
tinim ur illi mar a tn isqsan, ny d ngigin ...agd idj ur d
ad iggz zg nnj akad isqsa x idmutn zrinin" (afr 94).
La tali tuwlaft n ibbas, ad tmqadda d udm n
umrwas, ny d n wakuc. D aUig xa itzawat yict, la t
mdfam xfs. D ulaya "ixs an ssbd tayri n Rbbi, nsslul
ahttay nnx"(a26).
Qah mag zrin d enwa, d wn irzzun ad issili ca, ixs
ad yaf ayn inzzn. D ay ur illi mag nzzn, ffir n watu, Ur
tadjat, ag d bab, zg ayn izrin ...izrin ...ibsl (aI43).
Amzruy, aymis
Tiwnt n umzruy tsdid bzzaf. D aUig illa xas uhrsi n
tnbatt ag t brrahn, la t emmr i middn s ayn iggutn n
ihnjaf, inin ak ha yamzruy nnun. k'uni waluu, zzat
usmxazza ay ad yikkn xfun. Ttm awit umiy n tnslmt,
amzruy n ugllid Driss, idrus a middn. D km yayul xirdin yr Kahina aka d yini, is amzruy sslmadn, xas
ttihllal waha (afr 86). Imaziyn ur ufin ixf nnsn dgs, is la
wwtn s izuran g umzzruy ihayln. Ha isul iddr al
assu(3). Amzruy ur idrus, ixs ad yili digs wansa i
Kahina, Masinissa d may ggum s izuvan d tussna yr
timmuzya.
G umlala jar n ntcin d Kahina, ur as yuci atig
axatar, is icnq, ifdda ag d tdmmuyt. Idjiwn ifqqusn (afr
58), d ma kka g Ua g idj inzi amhayl: maxmmi ikku
ifiyr la itgg-d izikr.
Kahina da twassn am ict ingg-rn zg irgzn, tdda ad
tg idj uymis d yusin ad innal aymis n tgldit (4).
101

Bu aIls
Ifili ititsmunn d kahin a, dad ig: tifiyra. D tmaggit
nns ur tbti d ayn tggar zzgs. Ku idj igu u twizi, km as tlla
can tidt, ur d iddi ad tirzzu (afr 49), is ax issrs zik: awal
igu tazqqurt. ils n ungal nta ismar yrs lgud n tdmmuyt,
makka g zri ag id nx yr nj; amdal iy rzzu ad izbr, d wn
izznuza tiwirja zwanin yakrasn tn ryanin. Wad ag gin
amdal iggar n, ur d wn imaziyn. D tallst ityayn, tus asd
zg, allig isusm, ur as ilaya s ma as qqam (3).
Dyi n iwt yr usayul, ara ng iw sqsi nssrs yr dat n
uqcuca. Allig as ihrd, ha ixmmem ad izwa, n ufit ammi
isll iwlaya itnhatn "tudrt tlla g ujmmatin ssurfat yrs
ddri) (5). D ibrdan ids, yawi ax dgsn, ddan wahli. D
km itqqnn, tssn tbkkast may tnyyc.
Uluf igu d may izrin, tqqim txssas ict n tfust, da
yinax, tamaggit s ict n tesrit iyzan, ntat illan g usgudj n
tlayit nns tak'swat d tmzzant, ttuyt ad isll dgs x-irdin,
ur d wn yufn g umrwas, yili d aydda nns. Akrus
umaziy, ur llin xas s ils n win maymi llan ddaw iyil, gin
awrntmurt, awd s tlayit (6). Walaynni ag ak ad tyadj, ha
igu u twizi, idda yr ict n tqbbat, murd ur t itci umzruy.

Inyan
1- M. Khair-Eddin: Agadir, Seuil 1967, asers izwiln d ad yili tama
wawal nnican.
2- Lpouthier loi de dieu loi des hommes Nouvelle observateur.
23-12-2003. P. 59.
3- M-s Zemmuri: prsence berbre et nostalgie paenne, tettawin,
2000. p.94 et p.84
4- H. Meschonnic: pour la potique, gallimard.1970. p.46.
5- Salman Rushdie: la terre sous ses pieds, tra. D. Marais. 10/18.
2002.P.205
6- www.amazigh.info-121.htm

102

Taeawitt yafifn
Taskcrnt
Agd udlis n urnaray Hmd Hddaci (1), nbad ad nini
is d yayul allu ulala amaziy. Talayit ulali, ur t yuri x
udm arnzwaru n twuri nns. Ifst xfs. Inidan n U u, ax t
issyuyyn. Adlis zg nnj, d ad ig iet n teawit g. Wallay, d
anggur yr tikt n teiwat.
Ag twuri yu ndda ad nkk zg teawit izrrin s imi, yr
tin ittwarin, x lkward d tratsa. S tissal ad yiwt ad
issinwr ca zg mag qqimn n tussna tamaziyt. Initi yuyn
amaray, idjit ad izdi, tikt n iwaliwn ittwannan s yilsawn
ggutnin, g idj wawal issiwl memmis ufsti ...
Illa i tussna idj uhrnadju, itazzlan ad issiy afa i wals.
D wansa manig ara t awit, illa ak ad tadjt dgs; d ayn
iggurn, la itddu g ungigi, d uzwa ax itggunin zg wawal
al tirra. Bzzaf iwaliwn ag ddan ad nyln. ayn ittwarin
igu ilan n inyan illuzn s war umqadda n usiwl xa
sskcam zg tmnatt, tkrfit zg tayyd (2)
Tawnza n tirra ayn dgs aya. D mag ziln daha, ag d
hddaci, ku yiwn idda ad tt awt twala n usiwl; ur illi
uqzzr g umadal n wals. Anrzum illan yr ienzal zik, ur
tlli yr iwdan n tmurt a, am izrfan t inin ihdjamn, al assa.
Ayn issgirn azbar, hma ad myin isqsitn.
Arzzu ur d ikkin x usqsi, ur yiwt anrzum. Wn mi
irzrn uslli: may d ay izlan ? (afr.37), idda ad ig tassurift
tamzwarut yr urzzum. Anyye illan i uslli yurar, urar n
tmetit, is yusi ad ax yini "yas aynna ittunnan ay mi
ttalsy "(a.56).
Asqsi n usklu, nta, yiwd: wn mi ibbi uzur d as nyln
izuvan. Tawsna n ayt dix, ufin tasarut i umudin a,
ikkin, ittwassn s ulqqm.
Tawssna ntat ag d islli yixs, ad tak'r ixf nns.
Waxxa y ssiwtit yr truzi nns. Idda ad tiffy wawl ur illin
103

dgs, "azur ad s da itgga ca adyaf'(a.35 ). D isUi ur xas


tmyin izuran; ur nnin ad ilin yrs. Asguns n islli d ad tn
af g tguri issufy: ur d ikki ag d idj wansa. Ikkrd x ixf
nns daha (afr 37).
IsUi smag llan, iqqn ur issid; igu tallst. D km ax
isaga wawal, nbad an ini ur iddi ad igg-d zg ixf nns; km
as nhatr, ag d memmis n ifsti d wawal, la igg-d, iqqn ax
an ak'z dgs inidan n iwdan; d wals manig ar ad issiwl
isUi, idda ad yig taeawit (3).
IsUi km isqsa, urid s tcnzlt, walaynni ak ad ishuzt
imak'am, iqqal nnig ax (afr 65 ). Mqqar llan jar ax, g
tilawt. Alal anggaru n xusi Saramagu: nta am ntcin
(2005 ), myazann sin injda zg ulala yu, x idj usaru,
layan as: wn irzin yufu. Xas tawafit yr mi yiwt, ur d yr
ukus n ixf nns walaynni nwn itnin.
Acal ag d udlis n hmd hddaci, s twala nns yiwt yr
"wnna ur ittnadan ur da ittafa " (afr 67) mqqar i tn d
iqqn xas unnjla. Tawsna n usUi ur tg-hiz ha iqqim as
wawal anggaru. Nta issn is " inyama yay wanlli, igzil
ay izri'{a. 95), tawssna nns tlla alL.., xsx sar tlkm tizi
tabssart, manig ara tqqn.
ALS ag d Memmis n ifsti d awal. Yuli ny d igg-z,
illa s tadfi nns, g ulala /ungal ad imsasan; am makka
ara issiwl allu Saramagu x unyal n wals
Azbar
Akccum n insi g urar d azhar, is igru ad yig ixf ur
igin win nns d wins (afr 105). Insi la issynaf injda s
tuttut imym; tn itn idjin sar uk'zn matta nitni (afr 107).
Walaynni ak ad ittu yan; igu asafar, adda yssiwt bab
nns ad yisin ixf nns is iddr.
Agd insi idda ad isskr udlis asqsi n wals. G umzruy
amaziy axd yiwtn, s umata ag d teawitt. Allig ittusqsa
insi; x s ma as d kkin isnnan ibubba x tk'rmin nns ?
104

Issayul asn is gint inidan, d inayizn x ccxbat Vifs izrin


(afr lIS). Insi s tsufyt igu iusqsi, yayul isusm. D mqqar
udm dgs (islli) ak asn yals tn Vifs ikkin (afr 129 ), yugi
asn d iddu yr ubrid.
Insi ur t yuy isid n txitrt ak asn yini is nta ad tn
innan. Walaynni wn issufyn is d ils, s yils "ayd da
ttyalasnt "(afr
130). Awal n insi yamu d usyim n
Hidggr manig issksiw is d ils, d wawal, ag t-inin uggid;
wn issawaln. ur d wn issawaln ag snyuddun ils. "Awal
xa itini ixf nns g umata x lgud ittwannan ha d nta zg zik
d uzdi ag ttwanna tgu ils ittusiwln" (4).
Km d nkku tamnatt n manig ag t ini uggid iwaliwn,
d ad n dr g tihllal, yu lin ad gin t ayn iyzan, d stit. Km
nzri zg uzilal itutcn atig iy ils, ndda an kks ca igan n
thllal, n usi am stit, ha tcin ax ssisn uktrn ax. S uhrsi n
insi nyra: "tyjdm tkWrkWst
g udyar n tidt allig tayul d tidt
"(a.14S). Ssya iga lgud i injda ad llfn i udmmu; ur t ttfn
ma sn idrn g tmdjt d stit. Amzzuy is ur ittddu xas yr
yils; ur d yr imawn itxsn ax assn, krfn ax.
Idj usyun ag qqnn iwdan n wass ad ak ad btan d
ihllal. Asshill ig itad twaqqnn akk middn yr idj wawal.
Yixs ku idj ad izt awal ititinin btaytay, ur d s tufra. S
uraeayu nbad an nrms awal manig ittettr zg middn ad
ssrsn adad nnsn. D ay arun aynna, d inidi /tamatart
xfsn, is kkin ssya.
Tirra ag tjbam
Amzruy ur yuktizn ixf nns g walsiwn itnin, mqqar
iswu zg sn, ityima dgs fad; ur xa ssan middn xas s
imawn nnsn. Daha n iwt yr idj unzgum iqshn; igit ur ax
illi xas an ari. Walaynni s ils n tmurt izddign. ha
ittufmn; ils idrbln xa ityima d amlqqm, d sar iedl as
usyad ny d asksiw. Tirra d tamara ay tgu, arnrrt nns ur d
lOS

ad tn ittisin xas wn ittwaqqdn sis. Km n ssirt iwaliwn


usklu i tirra, n ufi tn msasan; llan ssawaln x uskkin n
ixf; d watig n twuri i mzarayn jar nwn mi tlla g ufus d
wn mi tbta, ur as tqqim (afr 153). Ur illi ca ffir n tirra,
iwn ixsn ad yisin s ma kd ikku; nitni llant, mac abrid ag
yzzifn yrs; km n sidn is tudrt d taktwant, ha ggutn as
iccudn.
Afsti d wawal, yiwt manig ara yisin memmis atig,
illan s tirra d usmyr, as itmmucn ag d udlis a; ur t izwar
ag d idj. D watu itid yiwin, d anzgum, ag d tmurt ad ur t
id iwi zg unqqr, ny d zg uylluy, zg tillas umzruy ag illa
g uzlmad n ifri kiya, ha isul. Tawuri nns ur t yuk'r
urnrwas, am ag d Butummrt d ugrram uyictin, urtt iwi
tyrma am Ahhul ny d ... atu n udlis a. Anzgum nns, igit
y ils d wawal ixsn ad yack, innjla ibrdan nns; ur t aduz
at, i mara issiwln g wansa n ca, s wawal n ca (afr 158),
g udyar ad ur da n ak'z ixfawn nx, is "matta ta ntcni
adda t ili tamaggit nk grin akt zg brra ?" (5).
Agd tizi yu, an awt an ak'z, ifsti d ususm, igin awal
immursn. Yuri Saramagu, asusm is igu awal " iqqimn g
iri"(6). D tassast, d ad tili km ibda wawall d yiri, km
xas la yayul isul ad iduy, da yijbr ixf nns, ur itack" (afr
164).
Memmis ifsti d wawal d taeawitt issidim ussan n
wahli, manig isul unnrzm i iskkinn n tudrt; manig illa
yrs amur g wawal. S twuri yu illa issurf (7) s is nx ca
igan n tmizar d ussan, s may kkin n uylluy n tafuyt, ag
isn. Ak ax n af ag d widda d iddan ad ssiwln, zg sn:
tasyart, ivzr, ajnna, uccan, nanna icca, tata, tazrut
taqurart, acal...
Tazrurt ax issufy umaray d umlgaz Ahmad Hddaci
tssid; tgu azarif idrusn s iwaliwn itissiwln; is itn tssrwt
tmara tzdihn tnbatt, gg-n tn ifassn uzggr d tik''urda.
Daha d ad an yr amzruy ax izzm zg tmurt.
106

Talalit n teawitt ur ikkin


Tawuri yu n Hddaci, ttettr ayn iggut n uxmmem d
usmqadda; inbjiwn ara issiwln, usind ad smgrawn x
uxub itn izdin, ur munn xas ak ad smunn; walaynni ak
ad ssluln ayn ur ikkin, g wansa yu, ndda an mlala ag d
Xutt (afr 164); d ntat tgu taeawitt n tlelli, xas tkks, day
iqta wawal ag d iwdan, ur iqqimn xas icnzal; isul ufttuj
n wak'ay d umfafa n tmurt, illa waxxa ur t issin ag idj;
ixf nns nta ur t issin; ibad ad ig islli, ha t sllm as ad awn
isyuy "nnwa s yisiy n wanzgumn ur igin wi nny" (afr
164). Zg ssya ara irzm usnti n tnkra.
G wagga yu, nxs ad nkk x uymmu issikm umaray g
uztta n udlis nns. Ills ur xa izddy, ur xa itzddig. Ur x ad
izddy, ixs as ad issgunfa, ak ad yaf umyar ad ittf ifilan
n walls, ur as t myakamn. D g ibddi yu, illa yas ad iuc
ansa i unbji, ad yaf ad issufy udm nns. Zg ssya d ad n
as yr sar izddig; is yucu ansa i uymmu itnin, ak ad yili.
Xsx ad ssiwlx x inzan; iwaliwn iqittn; igin udm n tyrma
d tussna tamaziyt. Abrrm yrs iddjit id is la kmmsn
cigan g tguriwin idrusn. Tudrt akk, xa t twanna g ict n
twinst. Hmd Hddaci g uztta u igru, issn ad yagm inzan
ak ad issu igr ad, da yuc asn tikklt itnin, manig ara
ddm, jar iwaliwn itnin; tasmunt nnsn tlla xfs lbnanit, is
itn ircg g wansiwn asn d yusin, ur tn izdim d akrkur (8),
iffyn tudrt.
Inzi d anzgum ar ak yayn, km ur t uktirt yakrie.
Imzwura nnan, ara d ckkin may t init. D km tdmit g ayn
ak nnan, ha ssqrfn ak ifassn ur ak ixs ad tillt, (afr 128)y
ixs ad ttasst. wn iwwtn afus nns yassit , "(amadal n
tudrt) ur igi tiymrt iqqum x mad nkkr, walaynni anlli
izdyn assazn, illan g lgud n tibratin ...manig nbad an
qqal acal, tamurt, am ayn itadjan wn itnin yuttf' (9).

107

Ag-haz
Taguri d asttiy. D ubddi ngu daha ag d udlis d yu sin
g taffaft n umzgun, zg jar inidan itnin, n Hddaci ur inni
ad issasu akk mag llan n lgud ad tismun; d ntcni ur
nenni an azzl g ibrdan ggutn in, itizdin. Titi, titi as mi it
ali udi, km ur tlli titi, ur tnnit ad tt tssndut.
Timitar
1- Memmis n ifsti d awal, walili, 2002.
2- T. Charnay "le conte licencieux de tradition orale" in Souillure
et purete, maison rose. 2003. p. 157
3- J. Derrida & j-f Plissart: droit de regards, rninuit.l985. p35
4- Heidegger: Etre et temps, Gallimard, 1986; p. 214.
5- Hari Kunzu, le monde des livres 12/09/03.
6- L'aure comme moi, trd, g. Leibrich, seuil, 2005. p. 63.
7- R-P Droit. Fables sans frontires et ministres amis le monde
des livres. 15/09/06.
8- Muniz Sodr "sans reconstructions, la mmoire n'est qu'un
stock dfunt vnements pass in Chemins de la pense: vers
de nouveaux langages. Sous la direction. E.Portella; Unesco. 2000.
P.261.

108

Ha kWnni,ha ussan

(Acwwal)

Xs ak layax memmi, walaynni zrix ur nqqim


nmyassan. Ayuln imzyann ag ttarun ass a. Ntcni assu ur
ax yqqim ma y ntgga iwskkin nx. Ayn xf nx, maka yd
nkkr xfs n git; ax id zddig wayyur, g tikli tamzwarut;
uxa n t asa manig ar ad nssrs adr, al ax tzwar tadist,
tdfarit tadist, ffir n tadist. Ad ay nwwt anfa, xas iyyd ag
dju wafa; day nhzhz. Xas imiq n uzgu, tannayt alln
ymsn; d matta wudm yqqimn. D ad ay d ikkr umlgaz ad
issiwl, yini yak: "Tzrim kunni g utrrh ".
Stit, ngu am igrramn, ny d ieisawin, ur xa nttini
ydrus mqqar yyus; ayn illan ad nssk sis. Ntta ad ig ag d
buhyyuf. Walaynni max iddan ? Buhyyuf sar ikks. ag d
km ur t tzrit manig ittdmit, ur ykkis, xas la yffy ansa n
tisggn, d ku idj makka g taru, d ad naf bulkarid d
butvrsa.
Yiwi t id umzwaru g wiss sin, krfn ax ils; ur nzri
tazra ityurfn, d ntta ini y kka x d amrwas. Ntat, ur illi
max idfarn ca. Nenna xas taqbbat ay tgu, n ufi t tyuda,
day nttf itla nzzruy s is ussan. Tssnt, askkin n twuri yu
la yiyza g ma ggin uggid, ag d maymi yismrnd wul,
yiyms as wawnul, makka y tinit; xa y txs ad yyjdm,
walaynni ntcni id yusin zik; tinml ad ax yijlan. Aka n
ali s iyrm, Ur illi mag qqimn ?
Akrk'ur
n tkwwazt ax yillan jar ifassn; yir ak
amrwas d amrwas. Waxxa yigu amzzyan ny d yifsus,
ad ay iggz g bab nns, ad tissiwt ad iwwt s tvrit, s
wuzzal, iwwt ulawn d inllitn, ha makka g d iwt g ussan
nx. Zg ssya ay d uli n, widda mi tlaya m ixinslm.

109

Middn la yrwm, is nffy zg tudrt, day nsmar.


Lawwah ! a memmi; ict n t nggarut ag llan, ur xat n t
ffy, xas azdduy ag brrrnn d tasmtlt, manig ar ad x t ili
tabburt triw, xa t ayul tqmr, km ur iqqin uzilal g lmrt;
da ha s uztta yu yifagmn, xsx ad ssiwtx i winna ggimin,
knni middn n wassa, is yttf ku idj ansa nns ?
Ttuy t ini x jar d ixf inu, sar ssgunfax xas km, iwtx
tasnnlt. Ffir may ggudjx, ur xat awtx ag ad qqnx alln,
anrnri a memmi, d umrrt, ag zzadn iwdan, waxxa la
twakksn, ur llin da.
Memmi, Ckkin zg jar middn. Ig ayn tssiwtt, ur nqq
ca ixf nk, ur yilli mag stahln. La ssnx xas wn ykkm i
ca, ur as yitadja manig ar ad t ssili agdrur, am maka g
inna Runi CAR. "rzm i taynrt nnk ur ssikin".
Zzrabit, ur x ad tawi xa s uzrdab, ku yass zrix t tiwi
amaziy, g ict n twala yr bttu d urumi; ur xas yittawt
allay, xas km as k'rfn ils d ifassn, tazzla as iqqimn aka
d ynwr.
Ftk tattawin tama nk, zzat ak, ad t annayt mchal, ag
uzin ahidur nnsn, ssiyn as wad ittnuzn g tiyrmin, s
tkwwazt d uyrbaz. usin t id am lgud n urttal, ha ntcni g
umrwas tikklt dnin.
Amm umrwas amm tak 'na, iwa qqim tama nu ak
ssasux timdjin, ak ini x ayn ur t ssiddt, d dat mi ara yi
tgt azwar, tcrrqtiyi, tnylt xfi tirggam nk. Ckkin ur tzrit
xas takna, wn itid ywin ur ylli xfs wawal; Ttux, ini ck
d awtm; tssn t xas ay t ini t max ur rwilx ?
Mara ig wn yufin abbraw la iyzu zzat as ? Askkil g
tmnat d ayn nxs g ujmmad. Da y srdnt tillas. Xfun knni
xmi yilla ad yrzm i wkrus, Llxit izyyrn. La tlla can titt
usid, rix ur kn t awin imnyan. Prat n, edil at atasn, asisn
tssidm. Ntta idrus, walaynni la itqqd.
Asgirt la inqq, yadj adrdm, smqaddat tawada, ad
yaf uzrf ad yawl ayt tmazirt. Ntcni! a memmi, ngguni
allig tusim, ayn xfnx, n gat; afttuj yixs, ur t t adj am ad
110

ixsi. Ur t syidt mag inna unazur IDIR "Twssa yi yimma


ad bddx ag d yuma ad ymyir", ad ierrm; ur itisin tigujla.
Tufim ax la nssusm, d unzgum la ikksax, ngu ur
nlli, da y itini m, ur illi ymx walu; tccdt! a memmi,
tssnt bu yiyman mi tlayan VAN GUG mad yaggug! wn
xf mi tinin d abuhali, ur iffiyil, inna: tudrt am uggid
/afgan, yixs ur ittamz xas idj ubrid.
T ssiwlt iyi x icirran nun; ur rin ad bdun d yiff n
takna, adj ad zzgn; xas aydda nnsn ay ttetn s ucffr.
Tsulm ad tggunim s ungigi d t irit g ixfawn n iwdan, ak:
awn yili umur n wull.
Idj uskkin ar ad gn jar walln nnsn, ad gn ad ttfn
addur 1 tasa d imma tsn. Urar ad iga ella n ifilan, ibad
ad yayul x bab nns issmurst.
Ur yikul umaziy, g umzruy nns, 1 tsddit. Bba Muh
ur iri ad yig xas ayn as illan g uqrab ihrrf. Yttut, d allig
iwwt anfa digs, isrut id. Iqqn ad nmsafad gratnx ag nna
i tmazzalt ynzizn: "Mur xa itt awi wzgu tibratin, ku
yass as aznx tazdmt".
Inna s xas rzm asn; wnna yurin ca, i ma yira yiwtit;
ifassn inu, yukm tn utftf; d tyuri d akk tamz cwi,
lwacun suln ur ayuln zg tinml, d ggit idda irzm iy
ihulas. Yixs ad jbrx aydda, isuln illuz g watu. Djix ck i
ca n twala itnin.
Aha x bunt, ttux awal iy eddmn g wul, zg may ttiwt
tak'na, ag irs uk'arif idarm inu; d ku itt iyzif ku itt qmir
tussut inu. D ntcni, zg may tkku azilal, ay gix tadjalt.
Ihmmam rzinin, ur x ad tn tqqnn winin ar awn d awin.
ha knni, ha ussan, d ay tqqalm is idda ad ibdd uxam am
makka zri zik; igran n wassu ur x ad tttiqisn xas s
usmmum.
Memmi, tqqalt xas udm n tmazzalt; mur tssyidt
itrqqimin iemmrn tiwhnatin d ihnbliwn, ur da ttafat xas
axub; ssndu taguri n: tamazzalt, t srst ad tannayt mara
ak:yali n: Tadjalt.
111

Izrfan xmi tazzlan tulawin /timttutin,


yyudan; atar dg sn illan, ntta aka tmzaray
urgaz, tqqim tugl g ucwwal, ixs ad tawt ad
nos, ur iedil ad tamsn al tg aslluf.
Djix ak asgunfu; la kn ssazulx, s
uk'swat. Isul yils n tmaziyt jar ax, waxxa
uhanu.

la dgsn ca
d tadawt n
tbdd x itarn
umzyan, d
ad tnsy zg

Taraeitt
Tabratt u tgu stit x id} ubrid itnin. Yurit udf umlgaz
i ymmas ik'rin, d ay ufix ur igi Igud ad iqqim la itgguni
amttin as issiwl, nnix ar ad ad nkcm tif;ycft, nazn as
tsbrst, ammi ymmas as t yuznn, d stit, wn yurin, xas
issiwt tiwiznt. D yils iqqim izdi.

112

Afssuy n ifsti
Yuri Idmund Gabis, is la n tazzad adlis la iqqn; ak
at n ssayul la irzm. ag d Imula n Trnktit, ayn ur x an
tettu, yufu lxatir (1) afriwn nns lluzn am trnktit n ayt
uzlmad n ifriki a, d urzzu iyzan iyzzif. Zg ssya ag d
issnti. Ffir as yusaxd ad nkk: x isqsitn n urmay, d ukkus
n tmlsa ak ad ax yili, jar mi ara nsti.
An ssiwl tik"t n walsiwn, ha ur x an tddr xas g
idj. (2) swammu, ag ixs ad izri ag d tmaggit, ibadn ad
tg bzzaf, ha tqqim g iet mi ara n isin an ill ha n reeq, am
makka g inna ernruc g iet n tikklt. Ur d yusi, idj illan
hzzuti, ad izzwir tisyt n tasdad.
Amur n ixf, itfkn awal g udida, d yiwi x urzzu n
tmaggit, ur as illi s man iyr zzigs; ur d yusi ad tyagl.
Mara s ikksn i ungal ad ur itqqn, asrwt x ixf, ha iqqim
qah d ungal ? (3).
Amzruyamssas
Ils n ungal issawaln s nte, ittl as ususm z manig
ibrrm. Awal ibbi, d ag uwssar, igin aqrab n tusna
tamaziyt, tanut ihtan mag zrin, idfur iyyi s walln
(afr 14). An bad an izir g uraea yu, taduri n tnbatt n
ttalb, is d usin widda itsqsan: hi wansa nx g tmurt a ?
Agd ils n imula d ad ini: ur nssn yat f darnx, iliy
nllul, d willi f d nllul, akal, amzzruy, awal ...
Wad tayuri, d ufriy assmi ax emmm iqrra; wwtin
lhss xfsn. ha djin Ur ax nnin x igllidn n tmazya la
mrrtn, s ussbd n iyrman s unet n lbyli ikkin x ifaddn
nnsn.
Km n ttawg x umzzruy, d ad tn af izdy, d idj
unzgum; ny d aswingm ityagln, zg wahli, yayull sis ils
n imula ... yr ugrram Agustin, yawitid al imusnaw n
wassa, d uzmz g mi nlla al asusm iqqnn iwdan, isul
izyyr, allig ur ufin timdlt , manig ssgunfun. Rix, ad
113

ttawssnn iwaliwn; zrin ax, ak ad n af mara n asi d mara


nk'rf. Ur ziln tiwirja n thllal, km tlla ca n tnggarut,
izirat dg wacal. Swammu iqqn ad ddux ad ssiglx y
tsrfin iqnn n inymisn (a, Il).
Arnzzruy war azilal
Ur ixs an gguni zg umzzruy, n assu ny d nwn zik,
ayn iggutn; is ittwawt xfs ddri; da iqqim iqqn aqmu. Al
km as irzm, is xas ak ad ini tandfart nns iwin itnin.
Aynna iyzan, ig stit, nta ad isqsa idj; magms nta, ma zg
d idda, s mani ddan zzuymt. Adda y d yas uggid, ad ig
isqsitn a, ad yili isntl asidn itit adjan ad yili (4). Din ag
d km i krz (y idj) Y ismdal iqbbum (afr 49) ak ad
iasi zzigsn ca, ur t ddun am tazzliwin n tmtut s tsiwad n
tutratin; ny d ismtal nnun kWrzattn, am makka g inna
yan umlgaz.
Middn d uyn ikkin, d makka atn thdu nhla aflay,
idji tn ad gn ibssarn; is la dfarn ayn na itn tkradn; d
yrmi smuqquln am wawal iyzan ur d iwi ircayn digs. S
tissal i irwis izi, i urzzun abrid g tisit, iqqim la itbaba.
Buhyyuf km d ikkr, ur d ikki xas x imzlad, g usggas
nI bun, llan middn id yayuln s uydda, ddjiwnn. Laz illa
milmi ttusit. Ayt utrrh ur t ssinn xas s idlsan; Cukri g
uyrum ahrfi, issiwl x mag zzruyn s tarnrnemt, d wn ur
yufin, ma ra issmtn. Da yazzl yr israrnn ggam irumin.
Tamazirt umaziy d ict. G rrif inna xt Cukri; tin latlas
iqqis ad xt Srhan g Mseuda; tn sus, yiwitid ils n imula
am makka tzri zik dihin, yr ayt tmazirt, allig xsn ad
skr n angul iywman cddlnt zg tizra n wasif.
Am makka ur tri lala Xlij ad tssiwl xf ma ikkan,
brrmn yr lbtta as sis rzn taeawidt. D udida nta ar ad d
yasn imqadda x wn italsn, s tgni as ittwaggn i uctat; ixs
ur ttasan la mnzayn; ag allig itxs ad yini war amsasa
nnsn.

114

Fnddu g ungal a, yusd x idj ubttu, jar ma ra n eawd


x ayt nnj, am lgud n tnbatt, mad middn n ku yass.
Asttuy ur x ad iggur, yr wid, ny d win itnin. Wn n usi, d
ad yadj amggur d ahizun. ni yedln, yiwid an adj amur i
yixf, ak ad imyi; is tawuri tlla gin x nkk ni ... ad nllil
gr ax d ixfawn (afr 56). Ammu ag d ingitn, n ulm si,
ixs ur e itnuy, ygrie yr iet n tmnat, is imray ad tilit ag
idsn, xas g tayma.
Adfur, amrwas ik'rfn anlli
Km illa ca n ufras (idj n tifras) i tmurt a, smi ara t n
asi, nta ad ggin adffur n win itnin; ur ddjin wtin anfa, g
U~Wf nnsn, ak ad annayn manig iwtn, Tandfurt tgu am
wn ittfn g uewwal u srdun, da yittu azert nns, d milmi
ara t yasi s tiqqar; adj tarsti, ara sn iqqnn tinzar, d s
uzzur imi; d Lxatir km yuri: gan ayt dari izumal , is
umzn g urnrwas, am idj uskkin iyzan, ttun is la yusd x
iet n twarjit yzwan; tamawayt tssn makka ara tssrs afus
x uhbbuy a, allig tnna: a wa rix ca g tudrt, uma ada y
ddux yr isnnal ur igi eei winu. Walaynni, amrwas iqqn
middn g ussernzi; sar ttunnhn km ur asn tlli ssrima; ayn
fsan igrramn, am tidt, ur izri idj udm, qqimn win itnin
la kmsn.
Zg imzagaln d issrs bab udida, ad ig askkin xmi ur
ikkir; ad yazn taynrt, yr waeal nhla asird, ad iddu ad isu
tabrrkant, btan as ilddayn x waman n watil; tudrt
umrwas xas d arwas; al tg tallst mnid as, ead ara yue
yrs s uxneue. Iskkinn n umrwas ur x an tbbi ag idsn g
iet n titi; arwa nnsn, sar ig-hiz; arnrwas d ayddid,
itaddumn timqqit timqqit, ad ay yawt ad irnrar, itili
uggid innt digs. Wn ixsn ad ibbi ag d umrwas, ixs ad
ygr ca uztta, maymi yugl, iqqn ad tiemmr s usyan d
twada yr zzawit.

115

Asafar isjjin zzgs ad yili g tqbbat, d llamat s ihidas


am ayt zik; s uyu ay ayuln iwdan, g ulmsi n imula
ismktin, ur yissn ad ilin d nitni (5).
Tacawitt g imula ... d tn umnyi d t tazzla; tazzla x
uddur idda n yamum; g ufgan ibta watig nns, is xas ag
d mi izdi, iswit am uzzal. Ur ssinx ma t itadjan ad
iqqim ik'rf, am ienzal d ikkin amadal itini urnrwas,
amadal itnin ara ydfum wad g mi nlla, ha ig anggaru.
Walaynni swammu ay tgu tudrt atu tkWtu, waxxa d
afrriv; tihllal nns bann, is t adj an atwarja s ma ur n ss
ikl x wacal; day ntun middn, waxxa ur yrsn afriwn, ttun
is asn llan itarn x wacal. Wn isswln sdjiwn as aerrq, am
ixf n ntcin, issawaln g ungal, yiwid: nnan iyyi gix
acyuei, acku ur flsx s kigan d tyawsiwin (afr 33).
Iwdan g umata ztin tn ihnjaf, yssawatn yr umnnd n
ik'swatn, km ur asn ediln ma y ggunin, ny d ur kkwm
xfsn ha sburzn tn. Yif ad tmxnfart ag d ca nidj x
atmxnfart x ca nidj, ay nnan imusnawn n wassu (Agns
hllr).
Idda ad ini hidggr, is lbsalit n zzlt tzza (6); ay u smi
ara n ak"i, allig n ttettr tirit, illan g ufus n uwrdani, ak
ax t ifk, irzmax ik'uraf.
Aydi ig it, ur d wn ittraran talkkawt n ayt tmdul
(afr 31), walynni wn itggunin, ad t ttasin yifs; ak ad
ifsus uzaza xfs; yixs i yidj, ad isskr tiymas, i wass
umxazzaf. Win itiddm, xsnt ad tasin, zg wansa ifsusn;
al km kkrn zg utus, afn xas acal, xmi ttsn, ur yrsn ad
yzn x waman ad sun, ssirdn ircayn; ixs ad qqimn i urifi
ur t afn, mani iy t nd yiwi yan, ggunin ahnjif, ara sn
d yawin ad kksn fado
Lgud iymsn i ungal, igu wn fad; ag d ijdjign g tinnt
n tmxsi, qqimnt ur ufin ma tn ykttin; d tarbat yurzzun
bab n ntc g imula, tugl; al manig as t iwt tizi n ueddl
imnsi i bab as, tkkr tzri ayn as tmdi, tqqim x idis, walu
mara t iharsn.
116

Asqsi n ismtal d ubrid irnraratn


ASfUq ur illi nhla unbay ik''mmusn; d unzay zg
ismtal iqbum, llan in zik, ny d g tidfrin zganin middn
, qah isqsitn la ggum yr ufgan. G ufgan ay nqqaz; ils
ara x yini manig iqqrt, "Isqsitn ur ilin tamrarut, max is
sul rad iyma usqsi iy ittufsay, may ad af dari gan
isqsitn" (afr 53).
G udida n imula n ssiwl ma g ggutn, x wn
ismqaddan tawala n wawal, d bu udida ya igin ak'ay;
ixf yiran ad iyz, x tidt uxssuy ufttuj n unymis n tmurt;
igu idj mi iggut uhuf; ikkd timizar n tlelli d imraratn, d
usidd; bu udida d uggid iyran, isswu, zg tussna, itutcn i
middn, makka ara yamzn tanbat, sumsasa, jar ifassn
nnsn; ny d gm tn, itn itn yuk'rn, ag d g izuran nnsn.
Iwaliwn yttawi, ur gint xas tinin yssk; walaynni
yiwid ag mag llan g igdudn mymin g umalu n
timraratin. S umzagal iwaliwn, ur igi bu udida akkuc n
tussna "is as ywrix, nx as sllax" (afr 75). ag d udida n
imula, nrzm i yict n tsurrift iziln; is ax tssiwd yr tizi,
manig ara n llf itnbadt taenzult, ur yusin zg titt n tussna
d imraratn, issnyuddun tudrt n igdudn n wassa.
Amsawal ag d idj, ny d ag d ict n tsmunt; nta d ict
n tslya, ak ax issrs mnid n tandfart, irzan tamurt; is as
ittwag ad iqqn, sar isyl yan tibridin yr y ixf nns mad
ittkka (afr 76). Day iffy asn ixf, is tidmmutin qah, srs
ntn middn xas ak ad zrin, am lgud n tilg-in, ur t babban
sisn am isrgan, ur igin tawuri n iwdan; ixs ur tawtn ansa
uhetta n tbarda.
Stit ayn ara n isin s tudrt izil, xas ad yili wn ax
izwam, ax t izzri aka ur tkk xf nx, g ik''rusn itisbddn;
waxxa tawsna, ur tlli g ict n titi (afr 78), ur ax iqqn ad
tn n asi yat s yat , makka ara yixs ugrram n Dda
117

Muhand. Iraeatn ggutn, xas ad yawt idj, ad isti yidj yadj


win itnin; ur t igi nhla usidn, la iwwt qah ibrdan iggutn,
s ca igan ivrusn, aka d yasi wnna yixs.
Middn am ufgan Dda Muhand yrs idmutn yatnin ur
yuk'jz; Duluz, d ad yini ak ad tn tsskt ixs ur t tmzrigt.
Iqqim ugns n tmatarin ik'rns x ma y ffmt (afr 78).
Ak'rus n tirra
G wamur n tirra, matta ntat tn iyban ? Tdda att tg
tn itinin iman n ugdud (7); am swammu ara tg g ussan
idyusin. Araea d n iwi g imula, n uf itn la ~~UYfI1 abrid
a, s may rzin ad rzrnn n isqsitn, qqimnin la k''msn, allig
id yuli xfsn ugdrur. Injda km ur tn nbin, s kkm tn; ur tn
ttun, xas is yrsn inzgumn itnin. Day tiqqad mi ur ufin
asafar, ayuln gin taydrin g igr, sar jjin ussan frynin ar
ttirin ad tn ttun ad ur urrin (afr 39).
Lala Xlij s twala nns, tgu iet n tsraft; la tsmun qah
ussan n usun g wammas nns. Ur x ad ttsrru, xas tilmi
ara tzd; n ufi t izwar as ad tssiwl, ag d yils n walas, x
tvuri d manig yiwd. Ixs ad issfsus tamara x babbas, is
issxsr Vifs, ak ad iyr; daha tssrs atad x ukrus, mi ur tyis
tnbat as trzm, s is ay ttusu lala Xlij ad tini: lmxzn
amxxar ka ad yga (afr 37); timxxrt ur t bdd xas yr
uydda, bar tiwt ad takr ag d ixfawn; zg syin, ag d usu
ungal, ad issiwl x tmetit.
Arzzu x ukraf n sufya, yiwi t ad inbr ak''raf n
timyarin itnin; tirra nns t ulid am wagga n ungal
amssaltu; Xlij tsqsat: may tyrim g tinrnl d idlisn smi
tbabbam ku yass ? Xas agg-a nnsn irza, iyir awn nun;
waxxa s wammin Han dgsn iwaliwn n stit, xas g
umzwaru yixs i yidj ad yisin ma g Han g ukmmus
ihtta; ead ara ittawg yr win itnin, muht " nnk, ssuruf
aggasn n mddn ar d tlkmt anzgum nnk"(a, 38).
118

Awal u d idj uztta inngzan; yixs ad as tt waf tilmi,


ak ad inyuddu, yr "tanyaft nnx d tinnun'" . Am makka
ara t ini tmyart Xlij. Ticffrt nna tg tnbat, tayul ttwassn,
ur tqqim tssbhad ag idj; mqqar tsdid am iman. D mag
llan x ufgan, ad issrs asqsi n ixf, d wamur as ivzan, ad
ili d winns. Ixf nta, ttudrt; waxxa la tddu, illa s mani yr
tssgunfa; al km t ttawg x tisit, ad tqqal ixf nns, ad tjbr
ayn smi ur t uktiz ixf nns; ag ak ad yisin idj is ur igi ixf
nns, ag d wad d izdi; ayn ur iziln yigit ad tkwrt x
inzgumn n win itnin t adjt winnk, ur yufi ma as n
itraran.
Awal n ayt zik yiwid:
1- Mani yr tddit a tazbbart ?
2- Ad bbix akccud n cari.
1- ddu ad tbbit xas wn ak inntn),
Ak'ay s iskkinn d tyawsiwin a, ad ayuln zwam yr
middn; is ran wn illan wasa, rad ar ttawgn x ca itnin;
Muhmmad
allig ittf aqbbuc n waman wwadil, iswit;
inna yas i wsmun, "anna d ur tiwit y tudrt ur sul ak illi"
(afr 42). Yiwt uggid yr tizi nna, manig ara issgut
ihnjifn; ur t itakr xas idj iqmm, km ixs ad imun d
tudrt. S iggitn a, yuzd manig ara isti inidan itigin, ur d
winin as t utcn. Udm ad ax iqqimn tgit "tawala n itkkn
dyi, manig ur tlli xas ict n tudrt, ntat n tddr; day t ssyuy
ad tbbi nnican, ag d ayn ur illin, is ur tlli tudrt ffir
ukraf (8).
Tawada jar n irzzumn d umawis, ur d ad tfddan;
tawada d fad, ur imzarayn d ufzaz. Xas km ttiwt ad tdr,
g wanu am makka tgu sufya, iddan g "tugga nns".
Afgan ur d "s cnwa ag uca; ca igan jar lgud d umzruy"
(9), ak ad ijbr yr nta, bar is yucka stit; qah tisitin as
ittmmucn, ak ad yannay aqmu nns, ur xa ssaddant. D

119

km as imyi ca umalu digs, idd ad yili, la yamu ag d ca


itni, sar izddig as (10).
Tallst d udida
Yuri Jan Wahl "ur tlli twuri ur igin tallst"; zg tmnat
nns adida, ggutn as ag nta tizra, t ssalay timzdit, igan
zund bu udida, mi ur iwhin usmqadda n twaliwin "ufix
d ixf inu gr" ibrdan udida, ititutcn i unnjla; t awit i
uxmmem, ad inwr yr ujmmat, "yadn zun d iy mi iggut
uzazu n ixf inu'' (afr 80).
Ayn ur issiddn, igu taIlst; tit] iqqnn, tlla g maggin
adida. Wn isnyuddun awal g uztt ayu, la yuki s ma, ur
ittifn acal; is la tusit ag d nta, ca zg tmitafizikt n wawal
(afr 81).
Tssiwl tmazirt, yuli yrs uhrsi iyudan; d uhrsi yiwi
watu, yifit wn iqqnn, maqqar yusi taIlst; Ak ad wn
iqIlbn ad issid, ixs as ad yizir, mara issid s twuri yu, ara
yannay inidan "n tuska nns". Aztta d yusi bu udida n
imula, izzri as tiqqad g wul; ayn itissiwdn ad ienq, i
mag tettr ad tyisin; allig isul unzgum n ukhars yr dat, ur
tn itci, ha suln t utcn tivrad nnsn, i ma tn ijdam g may
gin nitni s yils, asn yakkan ad ilin g tudrt a.
Dda lhaj itggan tirbbae n ixinslmn, igu idj zzig sn;
is yayul issawal i tarwa nns xas s taerabt (afr 58).
Tivrad ad itddun, xas g lhtuf zwanin, tra tn tmurt;
baraka zg may tvdaf, yr lmxzn as ismqadda ibrdan. La t
adln middn ad isinn isd "ivarasn Ili yad illan" (afr 70)
MUr yufi ad qqnn. Iggut may ggunin, ur asn illi walu;
zg ssya ara rzun ibrdan, itawin s tmazirt d ixfawn nnsn,
d iqrra nnsn.
Adida damhayl, illa zg zik; tarslt issrs lxatir ag d
Imola n taktzi, tddad ak ad tzdy awal d uskkil, ha tyms
iw ubbraw, iwwtin iyli wahli, s uernmer nns. Ungal n
Lxatir yusi idj wagga imym, g tyuni nns; is idda udida
120

nns ifukk, ha isul ur as yufi asarut, as irzzmn tiwwurin


a, d izilaln zyymin. Ak ad ifsiy wuk'rus, iqqn ad n awi
abrrm, yr umsawat jar n ayt taddart; amsawad d ikkrn x
tammara, d tyuni g tglmusin x att awi mnyuyt.
Tarbat ur tffy, maggin argaz, la issrs xfs tit]; d ay
awin imhatam, yr brra (afr 87). D xas tn xsn ad
mzarayn agis, x ad tinin is as ffyn itarn eewari. Mnid
u:?yyr a, itn itadjan ad gn aganun n ddrur; d asn iggir,
araea n uburz, d urzzu n waddur yulin; ammi tamtut ur
tlli, xas ak ad trnrrnd. D allig ittuzuvur d waeal, ur
iqqim i urgaz udm; xas ammi nta yr mi illa udm; tamtut
tetteit g ilammn ag d igazitn.
Nenna mnid uzyyr a, la n t af, tirbatin n ayt tmazirt,
xa t xsn ad mzarayn d ulmsi, tay tazzla; "yuf yid
tamdint aeku ur fllas ibzziz babas ad n tg aglmus" (afr
63). Wn irzzun ad yisin ca x unjaq n ixinslmn, ixs as ad
yayul yr usgmi ya uyzdis; yizir makka ar ad tismqadda,
ak ad yili g tanumi, ur tzbam win itnin, Asqsi ya ibad,
ax yue an ssid; mmax allig itajr bu tmurt bab umrwas, g
unzay as d yiwi.
Asqsi igu Gabriyal Camhs x ubyur, n tnslmt g
tmurt n lmuyrib, g drus isggasn; x uyn ur gin udayn, ny
d ieisawin, g wahli n tudrt sskn; xa n t sskwharas, isd
mrwasn imaziyn d tnslmt, g tyuniwin n ussan t uen
iwsun.
Tamtut ingr uzduz d tzrut
Amzruy ak ad ittwassn, iqqn ad tkkt x ulmsi itn
yusin; x tadawt n twtmin itnnaln i yingi n ussan, d
makka thta twtmt Ils, ay t ffr tik'rnsin n tcawidin,
zzrinin wahli. Qqimn isqsitn n tazzgt, Ag ggin allay n
maggin ar:?~um, ara d yasn imal.

121

Amsasa n ulmsi, yzri x ussyad tgg tmyart, ag d


tmzzyant.
Amsawad n lwaeun d immatsn, yujr wn ara tn
izdin d babatsn. S wawal itnin, widda mi trea tnbat x ad
tmlalan, ak ad gnt iet n twuri, yr wass umnyi. yr ussan
iyimi manig tlla tqbbat d umhrram, x ad tawin ewi n
uhttuy ara yadjn ahrraz isusm.
Zayna ak ad tas yr "ntc" n ungal, anzgum as
ityiman, illa ikk:asd zg tmnat nwnit yurun; ak ad tawt
yrs, illa wawal g ixf n immas; al bbas d ad as tg makka
"iyyi ur izr " (afr 99). Tussna tawtmt, d tn maggin ass,
tbad ad tssurf tifiea n ik''uras; araea nns ur iqqur, ifsus
ha ibnn; is igu ahwws yr tamda, ansa n waman d
umalu.
Aztta ur xa itali, km ur as llin tivrad; ieqqa yan
igan yan ufus tizi yad (afr 101). Imei ur itffy unlli, i
yan hma ad ifyI, ny d as ntun wafriwn jlant as, km isud
uzgu; am makka tannay Lalla XIij.
Irat n tbarda: tamaggit
Akeeum yr tmazirt, ur d yu si x ubrid igin Imnjur; ur
llin xas isawn ae it ggunin, d uzawt, mahd ur tkkir tasa.
Tinbjuwt ittwasnn ag d imaziyn, ag is ur immurs yidj,
ny d yayt urifi d laz. Akrrf g imula n tmetit, tik'Ti yu,
idda ad tyisin memmis n tmazirt, ixsn ad iyz g- ul n
usun; ak ad issrs afus x iman ussan. Ak as rzmn taynrt,
ddan as layan Kasistu, am wn d yusin, ismun ayn
ismun, d zg wass mag mzaray ag idsn, usar zrin zzgs ag
d iet; ggdn t ad yig agitsn am umzwaru; ffir mara ig-hz
alugn, bddn x atig n mag krd zg tsrfin; inna s Da
Mhand: tssnt tllit iyyi g tizi yujm tn iwtn yuri tarwa n
taddart inu; is "tsugrt y ul in" (afr 104).

122

Awal itlal n, ag d tsskt a, iddad ax yini widda, ur


nssin ur ngguni ad ax xsin, hrnln ax. Askkin isbzdan;
nta mmax ur nggar atar yr wn izwarn, s uzawt n utar
nns; ha n ssigl, xfs ca igan; al winin d udfnin, ha qqimn
d ienzal, ur illi ma tn iggunin.; aztta xas ur t ayuln, ayt
umazir d ienzal.
Ah s tit, ttux iwin t id isaffn ur xa ityarn, d igran ur
ssbzign tirg-in. Mmax allig d usin ayt tmazirt, ad hrnln
winin, itggarn tamaggit nnsn, gm widda itn itsskharasn
ad ak'Tn, isinn magms nihni; isd amyajar ad ittayul xas
i usyan; s wawal itnin, isd d ad ilin stit, wini itamzn
tamaggit, asn itt asn zg nnj, am tbarda. X ubridu yuri
Kunzu "mara tgt ckkin ad ay t ili tmaggit nk la srsn akt
zg nnj ? (afr 11).
Uqun
Nuzd yr ug-haz n tyuri, n ungal ax yuri Lxatir; ha
tsul tvuri x fad, ur tnni ad tqqn aqmu i uybalu, n udida
d wals amaziy. Isul g umttar n imula, ma ra itusuzum,
km ixs idj ad ismun tarrct i was uqrif. ag d wasnigutrart, yayul ungal illuz, ur iqqim illa xas wn, ax
zzruyn, ammi nta aggin stit. Ssya, da ad ig ungal, am zg
zik, rmv-ungal 12.
Tirnitar
1- El khatir, lmula n Tmektit, ungal, phediprint, 2002. Asayn ara
neg yer zzst, la t ayuln j tsufeght a.
2- Merleau_ponty, ayn nezra d ur nezri, afer, 218.
3- Akunad, Tasafut, uttun, 35, oct; 2002.
4- Wittgenstein un calcul existe quand on le dcri, Grammaire
philosophique, p.314.
5- Borges, L'Herne, 1981, p, 79.
6- Matta n tat 1metafizik ? (p 14).
7- Ernisto Sabato, iir Borges (p 152).
8- M.Arkun: Aarat, asgudj n: H.Salh, ttaliaa, 2001, p, 74.
9- Raj Benchmsi: Fracture du dsir, actes Sud, 1999, p, 49.
10- Emmanuel Lvinas: Martin Heidegger et l'ontologie, 1932.
(L'intentionalit).

123

11- Le monde des livres, 19/09/2003.


12- H. Messchonnic: pour la potique, Gallimard, 1970, p, 46

124

Amlala d ixfawn nnx


(Zg ubddi yr usaru n lagzuli)

Nncnae n wanu ihrra waxxa idrus


Tudrt i uhrsi inzizn s iwaliwni iquram, id nusi ad g
x ixf n iwaliwn ittetn zgnx, xsx ad inix asaru d issufy
Hassan Lagzuli, is igu idj g lqsart tgu tilizri tissnat ass n
16/10/01. Ha yuzd jar n tam (8) n isarutn.
Awal n nnenae, d iwix yr nj, tssnm maxmmi
lhrarit? Ihrra allig itkks fad d irifi, zg jar n tam n
imucan; d xf idj ay ndda an ssiwl; is ax idju ad nmlala
ag d ixfawn nx. Ak ad nnsnti awal, d an sqsa: max itfn
g usaru n Lagzuli ? Zg max itfn illa wawal, ilin
udmawn.
Awal: ad ttssiwlt x tmaziyt ur id ad siwln Tamaziyt.
Zg sya, ad iqqim wass urzzum n usaru yu ass n uburz,
manig ar ad yizir umaziy tudrt nns la t nyuddu; ayn nxs
nta ad izdi wyu. D makka y gin ag d trarit n tiyri allig
sgudjn, ayn iwaliwn drusnin, ha arintn ddaw as s
taerabt, ara gn allu, sgadjn win taerabt yr tmaziyt arin
tn yr wadda; s wammu ur itafa umzday n tmurt i ixf nns
la ittf tama.
Asaru yu mi layan: ad ay t ssbta tafuyt ijtat; la x t
utc abrid aka n ssiwl xfs. Km nrzm i wsyun n wawal zg
udmawn: la btan x sin, widda n ssid, d maxmmi yuzd
unymis; ixncac n ssadda: tlla tmyart lalla Yamna, arba
Kamal, tislit Zinb d tmlgazt, tamtut m inbjiwn; iwaliwn
nns d iwaliwn iqurarn, x ad tasin ugar maxmmi d usin,
igit buwsalay usaru la t ssara x mara s ivrsn agazit, is
llan yrs mag emmn tigmmi.

125

Zg may t ffy, ur t ufi argaz ixatm, igin ak'swat, ara


ibadn ad ittf taxdmit, ak ad iyr~ iwg-azit, tavrsa daha
ntat d udm itnbat; d urzzu yu x urgaz ha ur id x amtut, d
askkin it tfn araca nx g: ad ay t ssbta tafuyt ijtat; is isskr
dg nx tatsa, s ubiba. Yuri Maurizyu Nictti "snx is
taqbbat la t as ad zg usayul n uraea itbrrarnn ku
tikklt"(1 ).
Zzlt ax iwtn zg inbbadn, nta ax idjin an gr tarwa i
tmara, i ueraq; d uyn tdju tayust n tnzruft, tfdda t
tamurst waman. Tamlgazt aka t ini zzltu, d asn ssyd la t
ini: awra waxxa tgit adryal, awra ax t vrst. Arzzu yu
iffy igu tarzzut i tmurt x unggaru nns. D km tnnim ca
ha Kaml mi llan iwaliwn ur mqaddan in; ig itad issiwl x
wallay n Imaziyn x ubrid n Mizra s tatsa, ha igit ur issin
i ca uzdi xas i uhidur n watu t uram s utar, ayddid
wwatu iti ssxubn i yrnzzyan d imqran.
Asufy n usaru yu, igu zzat as idj ukrrus, izdin
isywan n ssinta. Akrus u iqqn Zinb d Yamna; d ak ad
n isin mmax?, d an brrm yr lgamt manig turi tmtut
tabrat, i urgaz nns inyin yr tnzruft; anggaru yu txs
immas as t azn s tawala nns, walaynni la tn tafa ur tyis,
is tgg-d zg tislit ur as t ssawat ma ra s tini immas, ig in
tamyart i Zinb; tislit allig as tnna d am arix, tbrrm yr
memmis n illis, ha t ini yas: ckkin ar ad ityarin; d urba
allig issiwl yusi asqsa n tyuri; ak ad tiwajb ayn ur t nyri
g tinml inbbadn, issyam xas itbbin izuran,
Km n zru mag zdin tamtut tmzzyant ny d tak'swat,
ag bab ur illi. U ma mnca km ur nttu tawala, manig txs
ad tawi tankra yr tsrwit, ndda as nslla t ngar x Zinb, ku
as t ini "jn isul lhal" d ntat xas atnaz agg u allig ur tuk"i
zik.
Assay n uasru: la itaf ad asid nns g unymis n
utwawt n tarwa nns ssin nnsn g tmurt g mi tlla xas
tafuyt la t snsl; hi km tlla ca n tbrat g usaru yu, ntat ag
gin mar ad issiwl sis umyar manig inna, tamurt nx ay
126

ad ag idj ur yiwt "anzar ur iwwit, tarwa nx la kWrrfnd


imzzyan",
Asqsi Iqqirnn, yayulla itini: arba yuzn g lkar is d ad
yawt ? Is da d ig asid 1 ussan ar ad yasn ?
Wn iqarnn asaru yu iedil as, d wass n uraea nns, ass
n Hama aggu; d tanrnrnirt x lfijta rnanig ax issrs.
(1 lhusin azrgi)
Ihmmarn

* amgrd

u izri iffy g Umsdal Amazigh, uttun wis mrawt(lO). Zeg


16-11-01/295l.
Asam: quand le soleil fait tomber les moineaux. Jeune cinma,
revue mensuelle, n0146, novembre, 1982, p. 30.

127

Tamara n ueraq g ussan n


Yamina Bngigi
La isrus usaru tssufy Yamina Bngigi, ca igan n
ik'rusn, Ayn ax itettm, ad n ttawg xf sn. Tedil it
iwraea, is izri iffyd d ungal. S tlayit tdja i twuri yu, mi
trzm i tzri. S wammu, trmv tissaI, xmi d kkm, ayt tmurt
izzyn, idis azlmad n Ifri qia. Tiyuri g umzwaru, tzri s
tmdjt g udfar.
Tasyunt ad da t ssiwI; tkkd x uzwa, yr ujmmt n
uylluy; yiwdn ad ihri m usrbub, yadj ax ntcni, ayyyul.
D waxxa nsmun, ifaddn ad nkkat yrs; sar nmzray d
uxub. Is ixfawn, qqimn xf nx, zum, ur nzmir i walu.
Ahuf ara gn iwdan i, irsd am tissam; yukr izri. Bab
n ukamyun, ntta ur iyis ad ijbr ayt ulm si; ixs ad iqqim d
icc, s uk'rnmus nns x tkwrmin. Al Hmd waxxa usin asd,
ayt taddart, ysmun ihnid; iddr d azufri, d icc; am
umddakl, izri g "ugdud n iwdan".
Aserq ikku g twala tamzwarut s irgazn, ffir n 1974,
tiwt twala n tmunt n ayt taddart; ku argaz iqqn ad yawi
tilawt nns, d lwacun km llan. G tnfust tssnu Yamina g
ungal nns, tdju, ad niIi rnnid n idj ulmsi; g mi llan, sin
irbayn d ict n trbat, tamtut d tmyart; d usaru x mi ar ad
nssiwl, ntta igu tanfust n tmyart; irzmn i izuran, yr
tiwan itnin.
Tamyart, zg ict n tmnatt tgu, tnna issawatn agga, i
wnna ara d iddun, s idj wawal, tgu d amzruy.
Allig ttusu, tiwid akmmus, ahidr, jltita, d uskkin
n tnbat; as illan g ils uqjr. Ur tssin vas aerrq, d gar
129

wawal; d ad tgf tisura, ak ad t af ad tqqn, x sskr


tznbilt. Wn ikkrn ad iedl tabrrkant, ig as lhal ad
igguni is tqqn xf s. Yiwi yas d ixf nns, ur ylli ma ra
iswn, al t ili. xas nta mmax ad iqqim urumi, ax itdln
ubrid n tlelli ?

g
tt
tt
x

D ad naf tarumit, tswu tabrrkant/lqhwa, tamssast;


tamyart allig itt tqqas tnna: "Tga rrhj". Walynni, ay
injda! tamtuyt n tlelli, tdda ad tkk x umyafa, n ixf; ur
izdin ag ag d idj. Annli n uwtm, ur illi vas yr urgaz; illa
awd yr tmttutin d tmyarin; d ay km n ssiwl x tissal n
ugrram, badn asn zg urgaz am trnttut; d tamyart ur tffiy
zg unlli d tissal, mi nt izir, kkind awtm.
Allig tettr zg tislit, as tsludiy aman, ad tssird i
ukwwz. Amyawad ur ibti ag d umnzay, tislit Zwina,
tdda ad tccncf tarumit, as illan g idis; yr unggaru, idisan
i, nitni ara d yasn ad tt shuzzrn: d an af Hmd, allig
brran, isstca as tayrit. Tamyart zg tmnat nns, allig t iwid
Zwina afck, ikttun agdrur, tqqd as t yr memmis, ha las
ttini: "Tamttut ara irzmn, tawwurt xas cnq as".
Amaziy ntta, milmi ara imzara id mamma yula, ad
tt izze zg uqrru nns. Mmax timicuha nx, x ad ttwattan
dgsn xas tirbatin ?
Ixs ad nsmrar, aynna nt slla; ad ng agis isutaf, idjin
ikkin; mnid n umsawat d umnzay, d an af amaz;
walaynni, g mi illa wubuy ag d uggid manig, lhss n
lyaci ur illi. Tarumit km txs ad tssiwl, da tt ini m, tihyt.
Walaynni ad tssiwlt d igdjign; irsin mnid n tissit, yif
nggar. Da nizir asnbji tg, d trzzift, inwwar; ur d am
tmyart idjallan g tislit, ttawid xf s tak'na, Tudrt n
Zwina, tg u xas rritulat timzzyanin; tenq ad tmzaray d
urzag. d nitni, ay t sskr xf s, tmyart. Trz as ifckan n
uzriri, day irggm as urgaz: "y nel Rbbk''.
130

Izlan issnyuddun asaru yu, gin win unazur axatar,


Idir. Izli idda d x tawada n ieirran d ibrrmn zg tinml, ny
d s yils n izli: "Assndu, fk:ax udi amllal". Allig xa n
tggadja, xa nggur s wagga nnx; allig tnnubja, ak ad
tkem yr Malika; tadjalt tdju ihnkam yr imi n tussut; day
tqqim tak'na tgu axub n tmttut.
Tiyuni n uggid yr umzruy, la t itadja, la iqqn; ur
yufi afriwn, s mi ara yafru g ijnna n tlelli. Da yqqim
umnyi n tslit, ag d tamyart; tasurrift tamzwarut, ak ad
tzri tmttut yr, umsasa d ixf nns. Ayn yr mi, ur t iwt
Hmd, allig iyli g uxub. Is la t nttaf a, ak ad ihwws ag d
tmttut nns; lla ytffy ag d immas ass n lhd.
Xas tamttut ur xa ttwarz, ur xa tk'nu; tbad ad tmyi,
ad tkkr; d Hmd xas ad iffy, nttat x ad ttttf ifassn i
lwaeun nns, ad tn tssufy ad hwwsn ewi. D talayit nee
llah "lhdd", ig ax lgud ad tnyr, is ira yakue.
"lhdd" n Zwina, igin tyuda, xas g wassay; km g
tudrt n imeraqn tgu xas fnnddu d uxub; fnnddu yu ara
yayn Hmd; ur itmzaray zziks xas s uluf; ag d immas
igin amzruy, zg idj ujmmat, ntat ad titamzn, ur itakm yr
tlelli.
Urar d imurarn, g-hzn ayn as ittmmuen mzyan; urar
imzagaln yus ad ag d tmyart; tawssna nns ur tt tdji, ad
tg tawala nns imqaddan; ur ssinx is as d yusu, xas g
usaru, mad iffy as i tmsalayt (tn issilin asaru) g lgud n
tirra n ungal ? Tifieit u ur tddi ax tamz ak, ur n tssidfit,
tizri n usaru yu.

131

Tayri, ustu n tudrt agd:


imuhay
Awal ar ad yasn, ntta idda d x idj umalu, tssk tilizri
n Fransa TV5, ass n 23/12/2002. La s tlayan Imuhar;
yssufy t id jak Dubuysun.
Agd Irnuhar, tudrt tga agudj; d urgaz azgza izzyn
tamurt n tyuri, ada d yawi ufuy, la itt nuy ilyman, innh
ca n tivttn. Lwacun suln x maymi kkrn, tamnuyt n
uyyul ny d alym; d aka d yisin i twuri yu, dznt isnnan;
allig inna ucirri i hnins ast issufy, yuzn it i nannas aka s
tifrin, zg udar wwtin ixlaln.
Day tddu tudrt g unna, arrar manig issrs usun/tqbilt;
ntat yr mi d yayul Dubuysun, ak ax t ieawd, am twarjit.
Assay yuzd, ibta x sin, wn wadda, ig as umiy.
Tawuri n bu tsufyt u, tnyl s tussna. Mi y sul dat as
bzzaf, ak ad teawd, ad tssdjg. Injda n unna ad ay izirn,
ssiwln, x tirbatin g id; la t akmn g tyuri n itran uglnin g
ujnna. Itran i, ad ay yban, la t isinn is ussan n tryi ag d
usin. Mag thrasn bu tyuri, wn izdyn tanzruft ad yggadj?
Ur iffy tudrt; g twala yu, la nttafa aman. Yixs ad
yizr ansa g mi ggutn, hima ad yaf smi ara zzuym ca n
ussan itnin, dat mi ur smarn, qqimn ssgirtn zg waman;
is gint askkin amzwaru, xmi y rzm umalu awal. Awd
tudrt, allig n t afa g wallay nns iman, itinin ustu, itadjan
middn bddn.
Amalu n Imuhar, ibad ad islmmd, i wida id tzarn,
ca igan zg may sskn; d umyar ag tyiman aslmad axatar,
133

g usun n imsrasn; d ils nna, smi itsska tin zrinin, yigu


Amaziy. Al iskkiln i tn itasin la sn t layan: tifinay.
Amzruy n imuhay, d tazrutt issawatn yr tayzi n
tudrt itigin; tazrutt nttat d idj n islli, itadjan anjdi ur
itmfafax
ubrid; adu ntta la issifif acal, day ymsn
inymisn, Vifs itrusn.
Ama, ak ad ur itnnjla, g tussut n wacal yiriwn, iqqn
i magd iwin tawada, ad issrs tzrutt x tzrutt al imyr,
yayul d akrkur; ara ign ansa n usgunfu, d udm x ubrrm
wacal; d waxxa yuzd uhrraz, ha irzm i tlayit n Twarg x
middn n Tamazya, yllan g tnzruft, sar ttun azwr nnsn.
D ad yini umyar i Xnan, ntcni d Imuhar; abrrh itnin,
idja x t urumi "Lftit u ad tawt ad tas, yr wawal x
umrwas, ag d wn ur yumizn ag idj ujnna, km itn
ssmlala, ag d wn itggunin tudrt ujmmatin'{Z)
G umalu yu, amur n umrwas yusd yr ffir; ssyin
Imuhar ur t usin, s tidt, is da n zr asqsi, x manig idda
Brgali ? Tssayul as trbatt tamctuht, "idda s acal, ur iddi
manig". Arca yu nta d uggi n igran smi itini umrwas.
Tanfust ax iyma Dubuysun g usyun a, la t inin tayri;
g wabud nns tlla Xnan, Tanns, Hmmu, Tust, d...
Tudrt nttat d ufuy, yr tmizar erqnin, n middn; ur xa
attawi ad ibbi, ag d mag gin askkin n tussna. Ad tawt
twsra, ula tkks tussna. D mqqar tudr digs s urnrrt, idda
ad tissikl wamur n llama.
Allig t usi Xnan s titi, tnwr; day tiwt yr idj ulmsi,
illan wahli; s ufus la irrz as; d allig tmuddu, snbjunt.
Tqqim allig tttarh , tayul zg unjla d luhalit. Day yuzd,
may itissiwtn x ulym; d ubrid yursn ur inziz.

134

Argaz u, d ad ig yifsn, azilal d tawnza; idda ad


yayul, ak ad yahl, tarbatt mi t layan, tnna as. hrnmu,
anbji d iwtn abrid g tafuyt; yuzd ad ittr, smi ara ikk:s fad
n umarg, is as tga Xinan, inwm, ad yissin almsi n
manig ara yaf ta nns; tislit ara ygn tinns yg winns.
Tssufyit i wnlli; ur ntettu wn itnin, ar ad ign ad g is
hmzwarit, bar ad as ttayul i ntta. Argazu ygit: Tust.
Ameabbaz ar ahn ismunn, ur d wn ihuddaz d
lbunyat; walaynni wn wawal, s tguri n tqrfit (3), manig
ku idj, idda ad yirz xfs awal; yini digs tamdyazt n tayri.
Tust inna tayri nns, d hmmu zg tmntt nns, day tsti nttat
wissin, is as d yusu x wul.
Izwar Tust, hrnmu s tutra; d tnna ur tyis ad is
tmyawal; d ayt taddart ur as uddizn, d ay tiwt twala, n
ubuy n wawal i ayt uxam; yazd usikn n card ussan, tssk
g brra.
Amzruy iyzzif; ur ibdd x ca s ixf nns; arba yuc as
lgud n tlalit, s wass d wayyur, zg usggas 1984. Manig
ur iwt uwssar ad yisin, xas s lbac, asn tgru mufrfar
asggas n 1920.
Yulid itij umaziy d aslilu, waxxa igu idj, la itizir x
uraea iziln, ag d bu usali yu, aslilu yuzd x tadist tssrs
lalla, d mi ara layan Nana;
Ku talalit la t iwi d akraf nns. Bryali tqqs as
tvrdmt, ar ad tissiwtn yr tismtlt. Amalu n Imuhar, asufy
n Jak Dubuysun, yssn ma ka ra t issnjq s urar ag d
isiddn, d ixncac, d tmlsa.
D mara nqqal, ur iqqin bzzaf; d waxxa ifsus, idda
ax yini, x ingigi illan yr wadda, ag d ayt ulmsi n
imuhar. Tasurrift u ag d Dubuysun, ur ttusi xas ad ttr
awal, itturzmn ag d hln Cludu-HA W AD, g mi tgru

135

"Bddn lrnuhar, ur qqimn truzn timeiwad; ayuln gan idj


usun iqqum"(4).
Mqqar jlan ayt trnurt, d rnay kkin, ur xa ttahln ak ad
ayuln(1), d ku idj d rnagd ssiwt. Am wawal nx, x tsfiftu
n irnula, rnagrni ur nddi, ad naf arzzum i rnag gin asqsi,
idj s idj (5).

* IMUHAR,

une lgende. Ralisation de J. Dubuysun.


1- D. HART: ossu U-Baslam- Monde Amazigh N32- Mars 2953.
Aussi loin qu'ils aillent quelque chose les y ramnera toujours
2- Hlne Claudot-HA W AD. Les Touaregs- Portrait en
jragments- Edisud 1983- P: 99
3- Zaid Ouchna taqerfiyt ou mode de communication .Tawiza.
81. Yennayar, 2004.
4- Hlne Claudot-HA W AD, ibid, p: 172
5- Franz Weyergan: Le cinma, Edi du jour, Paris- Bruxelles,
1963.P: 163
Taraeat: Afriwni zrin twaym, g id) n imgrawn n tmsmunt n
TIFSA, ass n 23/06/2002. Lxmisat.

136

Amrwas d urwas
g tillas n wayur
Asqsi ax izawd, urar n trnzgunt: tillas n wayur.
Yuzd ag d twuri, t zzri tilizri n lrnrruk. G ussani
inggura, Ikkd x wamur n ifgan itwatcn. D nta mi tlayan
g tamacaqt: Azrf.
Inbbadn n uzrf g wurar a, d yuri Hmd Amal; d ad
ng makka, ra nssrs ivsan itidjin ur iqqim.
G tmnat tamzwarut, illa bu uelluc, d iwin aydda
nns, ad tissk'nf G tmnat ti ssnat illa wn ititcin, d g
unggaru yu, ur igi idj; is nt af ad mag amun agis, am bu
uslham azggay; Jjari igin amyar, d ma sn yuzdn izirnrnr
ittuknfn.
Timnatini izdi hn urzzu n bu uelluc itwatcn. D
umrwas iqqimn, imun ag d ayt tmnat tissnat, is i tgin g
ifassn nnsn, ak ad zzrin agdud s uzggr, x unggaru, d
ufgan s tit nns.
G urar a, d ad ndfar s tadfi; makka ara ynnt bu
izimmr, udmawn n tnbat itisrtn. Da y g urar amzwaru, d
an bdd x tissal as skarn, ak ad tgm zzig sn, g usnnl n
umrwas. Ass mi sscwun tuymas, ssiwtnt ad isusm imik;
maxmmi ur as irnyi dat n tattawin nns, umfagam
iwaliwn.
D ufgan manig d y-iwi tivrad, ak ad issiwl, ssufyn
as afr n akuc/ rbbi. Ad tssaggadn sis, d ayn, ur isrit bu
uelluc, nta ad ggin: mmax ahuli nns ad ikkr ? ha yayul
d yr tudrt mqqar ikku uxdmi tamgrdt nns. D wn ikksn
zg tudrt, sar ibrrm d yrs; day tqqirn ttaeawit g wawal.
Mag twaggan la izrit uggid. Swammu nbad, an awt,
an annay g umrwas igu zund tawryit itqqnn irni; rnanig
itzrin idda ad issyuy.

137

Km mqaddan iwdan d iskkinn, g wamur n tudrt;


ufuv d tavult vrs, s tnbat n bab ujnna, g urar n tillas, illa
ma ra isqsan: ak ax issbd x ubttu, n iwaliwn idda ax
issrs; nta zg uyn issk, issn wn imzarayn d tudrt, tn
iddan atg tanggarut; sar as yavul.
TUa tmyart igin amttin, allig ur t ssmtin zg ukanif
Asqsi ara yg nta: mmax izimmr inu inkr ? Km awn issk
awal u, ag d tamvart, iqqn ad tkkr s tawala nns. Abttuyu
la t azzlan vrs inbbadn, ad ay xsn ad ttcn injda nugdud.
D uyn inqqn, mmax ad susmn middn x tihyt? D ad naf
assg-d, d uvruc; walaynni middn ad awtn ad qbbtn; d
tqbbat ra hn t adj, ad s huztn ibttuyn rcanin.
Urar n tillas yiwt, ad issrs afus x idj uskkin iziln;
nta aggin azrf idrn. Ur d yiwit unjdi (tamtut vnd argaz )
ad ittf zg ufus unbbad, is igu awtm; d tmtut ara yafn
tasufvt, i tukrda n uydda n iwdan; agids d ad avuln
ivzran ad azzln. Tafrt u ak ad tnqqn, igu asn smqadda
tamiwin; askkin i xi tawin, aka nkk x ubrrh d yukrnn
tamurt, la yuzd zg ivrm, manig illa i yiwdan, wawal d
tussna n mag zrin.
Zg ssya amlala nns, d tcnzlt yavn injda, g tmazirt.
Abrrh smag t awi n invmissn, yiwid x tassast, gmi
iggar udabu injda. Awal ur iggir allig d ibrrm uckkam d
jjari, yr ubrrah. Zik ttuv udabu ag skam ibrrahn, ass u
tawuri nnsn tbda, tmzaray.
Swammu km iwin abrrah, ad isusm g umzwaru, is
gin awal nns ur inziz; d udm nns iburz. Iwtn middn, ad
isinn is ur illi, itnbat d umrwas ad gm middn g tsraft,
km ssiwln x uzrf nnsn. Imci d an ili, n iwt an yz anbdu;
waxxa ur iggut la izil. D iwaliwn i ur gin akn k'rfn, zg
uraea n tmzgunt a; d km tsllm iwn innan amzgun yavul
iggir, la issawal x umzgun issawaln ils, n lmrruk,
idrusn; ur d yr imazivn.

138

Azyan d tusi
"tabrat umaziy" (1)
Iniritn yr mi illa idj n U~Uf, la t qqnn g umalu nns la
t mhatarn. G tussna n ayt zik, d win ayt wassu itn
idfarn, tlla tmdyazt tzdi d umzgun; stit ca ur ttuy tmlsa
d izriran am win wassu, walaynni ur kkisn. D ay tqqim
tqbbat, d tmdyazt ixs ad ttucrrgn ad ffyn tiddi nnsn ak
an awt yr umzgun makka itw urar assu.
Amsawad illan ingr atsn, ur da itbbi. Manig illa
wawal illa umzgun, "ur inni ad ikrrf, ny d ad ikks xas
km tkks tmdyazt, rix intcni ag d ubuy n yils n
uggid"(2).
Adris n tabrat umaziy t urar trbiet izmawn zimmur,
tdda g lgud a, is ggutn, wansiwn manig ax t akr
tmdyazt; ag d umuci ya n sidn card wansiwn. Amzwaru
yuzd d izli ukccum, dgs mnig itwanna: irca wya irca
annayx isrdan ran ad gin isan ...
Ti snat d ad tili x ssbsi, digs axf itlaya ad tikmu ffir
imnsi, ak ad iqqn ifxsi ...
Tnitnin, tdda attas x imi n fadma manig ara t bdd x
zzlt g mi tla, ur as iqqim la lqcc la tilula, zg wass mi t
mzaray ag d tmurt, al tawt manig ara tnyl tixt x waxxa
nqqim ur nsula.
Azyan n tnbatt g "tabrat umaziy', ur d ad ig xas idj
ifili, g uztta n tmzgunt, ax t urar, trbict: ma ng issiddn.
Asqsi n tnbatt iqqal yr, tik"t n ikwrusn. ltinin ak'raf g
mi illa ufgan n tmurt. Tayuni manig llan iwdan, ha tssrs
xfsn tnbat, da y tkrzihn, xat n t annay ingr middn n
wadda. Arzzum wurar iftk", s usyuy n fadma "wik wik
139

a middn, manig t ssawaln iwdan, argaz inu ur issin xas


acggadi",
D km ur illi imnyi, tlla "max iddan" manig, ur itisin
yidj, mag llan yrs g taddart. Udmawni sdidn, day
waxxa kkrn x tnbatt, xa zrrin ur d am wansiwn, itak'rn
iburaq n irnzarn ittracan amuciy ad.
Vr twala n wawt n jjari, s taddart n ella; ak ad
issayul ieban, as ittmucn, hma ad ibdd sisn zzat
inbjiwn, d iddan zg wahli; Mzarayn injda, idfart jjari ad
iccncf wid mi layan, ad sisn sskn, ussan n urnrrt. Jjari
xas iddz tiflwit, d ella ixsi, yikk ddaw ujrtil. Amas n
uggid, yiwt tizi tifrcit. Fadma ak t fukk, tassast a, issufy
ella ayn sswant ihssn; ak ad zrin yr ufus n jjari, tdda ad
sisn tbrrh "hana w hana, rbernmya zg urgaz inu,
ijjari ... "
Amlala n tnbatt d middn, tulid x ucffr; jjari idda ad
itc, isu; ha ddjin ur idjiwn; illa dgs fad, ur d n uk'anif,
ny d Ilbanan, ny d ifullusn ibldiyn isufm. Hmmu allig
yuk"i, yufu ixf nns, idda yas lbztam s lhsisa digs illan.
Iwdan ginin ifassn lmxzn, x ad tayuln, ak ad wwtn s
imi nns. D wn ittwadm la s ityima xas usyuy "is trim an
qqim hzzuti ma!". D g wansa, illa ufud yujm afud; d
km tssiwlt ac rzn, la ityima uerrq, d tqbbt ag tggn uzzal,
itnnaln tiqqad.
Liant tikkal manig ititynaf wn yumsn x iwdan g
umzwaru; swammu xa tkks lvdiga zg ulawn; xas tikkal
id drusn. Da iqqim uxub i taddart, smag HUy!, n lqwalb
ffir as. Allig ittffu ieban ddan ttun tn, ella iynfas t i
jjari, as issblz sswant yiwi zgs. Amlala g umata igu wn
ttawil, ur d wn idubbaz. Titi ar ad iddun i jjari, x ad

140

tbrram yr uzlalam ad tiqyyr: isd lbuckli ay ad mad


acnid ? ttiqsn imzarn s tatsa,
Imnzayn x tnbat itutcn i war amsasa, d ad tn izir x
ad tkkrn yr wawal 1 tmtut; ttts tsunxr igit tagnnuzt; tusi
tadist, taru tg tixsi, allig as tssrs ik''niwn g ik''niwn. Km
tnna awal, ur imqadda, iccd dgs iynf as: wn itggn rray i
tmtut ayn Vifs itkkn aya, y xs, Tamara n tudrt g iyrm.
D tmtut itsusumn, ay twata aya. "Ak ad ittusbdd
ukrfs n teyyalin d imzyan, yixs ad itusdrus zg watig n
ukrfs awtm yayul ad tssrsn g tiddukli d umsawat" (3).
Utuf nns g ak ad ttsslmd illis, ur t tssufuy zg tinml, d
tutra n wass ar ad issiddn; d manig ur tkk xfs tmara.
ella, ibbas, nta itqqal, iggut may lmmdn imhtar, ak ad
ssgunfan, walynni ili nnsn, issilid xas avruc.
Ur illi may ittugunin zg tinml izri urumi izckn
tamurt igit ttins. D nta allig iffy xas ak ad tissers g ufus
n uzceak ara ign zg tmurta, makka itizir ax isscnq, d
stit. Walaynni afrriv da nqqal g twuri iggar itwtmin, ak
ad ig ils tsmun zg wahli. Azceak d idj, igu arumi ny d
ibzzz tanbatt nns. S uskcm n tinml yr brra , issn is ak
atshutct alym, yixs ad itwtt yr ifaddns. G wansayu
ifaddn tmurt igihn ils amaziy.
Tamtut ur tgi tamyrust, isd as illa awd ntat wawal
ttini, smi tgg ag ntat tanbat, Xas tussna tini, thayl, yixs
ad iwwt dgs watu, ak ur tyima trst tn ituzmmn n ayt
uxam, mqqar tgu anqqz imvrn, tdju tamtut la tqqn g
ucwwal urgaz. Da tqqim allu tmzagal d tilelli, d
urzzum. Tamtut km txst ad tebrt, mchal ay tgu ixf nns,
sqsat maggin argaz? ts11t as: nta ag tq11abn, is tettcu
trntut ny d tswu.
Azyan n tnbat illa btaytay a11igyiwt yr ittustayn, 1
grrabn, askka mi gfn tisura iw snyuddu n tmurt. Ccfayt
x ad tnyal adda yakmn, ad shuzzrn iwdan ad bbin xfsn
141

ass urzzum n tirbiein usttay. Day taft idj yiwid ifck n


usfat, idj lfttaca usid, day tddut; ur illi wn ititinin tzil,
ku idj itcat x ucarum nns. D ibrdan g ayn illan d tallst,
ur dgsn asid, israrnn la gjgn xfsn izan, wn innan ad yaf
tawuri i win qqirnnin, la suln tcyyacn izan.
Ussan n tattsa zrint, ak ad ttiqsn d ijdjign yiwt
urnzgun assu ad ig tawuri yu.

Tirnitar
1- Lhusin Baxxu.
2- A. Khatibi "le thtre n'est point mort" in: le prophte voil,
l'harmattan, 1979, p. 112.
3- Barbara witmer: iberdsn n tussna ukrtd, smsdsl n tussna n0337,
mars 2007. (afr 253).

* Tswslstin g tmzgunt itursren: rqiya Titrit (Fsdms), Lhusin


Baxxu (Hmmcu) ag d tswsrit n umgrd Saaid ibbss hemzs (Alla) d
Assili herc rrss (jjari). Xslid Asric (Addil wsrrsr ursr) Asme
Jawhara (isbsn). Nsjib Nader (ssidd).
Tamzgunt tzzrit terbiet n Izmawen Zimmur.

142

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01+ +U::ot:
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ag t:I\CCg11
a::OXt:0

adar
ak'ay, afrak:
agwhaz
aziza
acwwal
akrrf
ails, taeawit
amalu
ameabbaz
amssaltu
amttin
arnzagal
anlli
anrzum
aeddil warrar urar

(dfaut)
(conscience)
(conclusion)
(fardeau)
(annexe)
(refus)
(recit)
(fiction)
(combat)
(policier)
(cadavre)
(diffrence)
(logos)
(libert)
(scnovraphie)

aerat
abrrah
ahnf
.~
al}.rraz
asaru
aSfUq
asguns
asidn
asmy
asnfar
asnig-utrart
assili
awrntmurt
ayt twuri
azeeak,
azhtl
bttu
buidmmuyn
burxis

(coran)
(radio)
(fiction)
(ennemi)
(film)
(cration)
(essence)
(calcul)
(esclave)
(projet)
(post-modernit)
(realisation)
(aline)
(s yndicaliste )
(colonisateur),
(sisme)
(indpandance )
(credule)
(borges)

143

1\001
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+oHHoH+

144

dam
fus d sin
i tdln
icc
izuran rnzagaInin
izuvan
idisan i
ifqqusn
ifsan
iggar
ils n ungal
imzarn
imrign
imsrasn
imuhar
inidi
iniritn
inzgumn
inzi
ienzal
ienq
iskkinn
isramn
issamum
isskitn
issynaf
iyza
ixf
ixinslm
izddign
kkwr
lhntati
lhzz
llama
magllan
mrwas
cnwa
qrta
rmy-ungal
s tenzlt
taffaft

(atlas)
(sept)
(initier)
(seul)
(intertextualit)
(sang)
(voisins)
(mensonges)
(pippa)
(nie)
(narrateur)
(spectateurs)
(arme)
(habitants)
(touaregs)
(signe)
(genres)
(causes)
(proverbes)
(btes)
(dsespoir)
(elements)
(ordures)
(exploite)
(experiences)
(accuse)
(juste)
(l'identit)
(frres musulmans)
(propre)
(dfendre)
(violence)
(cho)
(joie)
(nature)
(religion)
(imposture)
(nouveau)
(anti-roman)
(btement)
(forme)

+X"<DO~
+oHH0+
+oCo
toCCIt8.<t
+oClIi8~+
tol9901t
+0IYC~0+
+onoUH
+onOO~C+
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+00EoE
+00l1iQ8+
+0000H +, HCX~I
+oY~~
toUoHo+~1
+oUI~o
+0~1Z1Z80+
to~OoU+
+o~~X+
+9KK00+
+lIi80~
+~KCC8E~1
+~Cn~UoA
+~C0U00~1
+~C++~
+~ICH
+~O~+
+~U<Dlo+~1
+~~C~H~I
+HoYH
t[AAI'~+
ton009+
MllIiH+
t,{8QOH
+00+00
+0~UoE
+0H~
+0H1'0
+00989+
+80HH~+

tg-hiz
tallst
tama
tamctuht
tamzuzt
tanbbat
tanymist
taeawit
taerrimt
taragllit
tasqaq
taszrut
tasraft, lmxzn
tayzi
tawalatin
tawnza
tazqqurt
tazrawt
tazzgt
tbkkast
tzuri
tikccudin
tirnciwad
timswasin
timtti
tinml
tirit
tiwhnatin
tizmilin
tlayit
trnddyzt taerabt
tenzlt
thurrit
tratsa
tsiwad
tsli
tslya
tsrbubt
turllit

(totale)
(ambigu)
(seuil)
(petite)
(succession)
(l'tat)
(roman)
(fable)
(nouvelle)
(republique
(bague)
(frontire )
(sorte de puits)
(vrit)
(roles)
(destin)
(piege)
(tude)
(sexe)
(censure)
(art)

(tableaux)
(conte)
(journal)
(socit)
(l'cole)
(rvolte)
(tapis)
(note)
(nom)
(potique arabe)
(sauvagerie et barbarie)
(purement)
(net)
(don)
(choue)
(canal)
(liste)
(absence)

145

+gYCt:0+
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gAt:Ao
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gHC0t:
gCoHg
gCXOE
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,;-t:OAt:1
.1gCKo
.1gXt:

146

Tuymist
Ukwraf
Ukwraf
Ubnu
Udida
Ukwwz
Ulala
Ulmsi
Umalu
Umgrd
Umnar
Umiy
Umiy
Umlala
Umrwas
Umyar
Unjaq
Unyal n wals
Ucawd
Uhrad
Ul)uf
Uqzzr
Ur Izerrin
Usiwl
Usrrl}.
Ustu
Usyim
Utwizi
Uwrdani
Uzawt
Uzggr
Uzlalarn
Uznng
Vzin as t
X-irdin
Yucka
Yugi

(nouvelle)
(la mort)
(mort)
(contradiction)
(rcit)
(prire)
(roman)
(socit)
(film)
(texte)
(thme)
(lgende)
(mythe)
(convergence)
(religion)
(lecteur)
(reussite)
(fluidit)
(narration)
(rage)
(voyage)
(ddain)
(impossible)
(orale)
(simplement)
(me)
(thse)
(communiste),
(tranger)
(rejet)
(trahison)
(vlo)
(honte)
(tromp)
(sur le ble)
(errer)
(refuse)

n[O U'<[)Ko
oXI0 CDHHO
oUgH{
e{I}Wt
egQX{0

es-sccoco.rer
csoei-uo
Cg~O{
/\{ K{IC{
Xoe{)"oH Co[.<0
.<0/\/\0 gn~~{
CDHlCHgM-CDoUo/\
CD{/\XXO
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loi UoCDH
l{H MHg)K
~oCD{lo
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[n[[O{
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c.sooos I{CtH
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n[agC
osu CoO
00.<01
gXOOo[ gY{CHI
Yol XgX
X-W/\{I
Xg0{ 0000[oXg
gXHMI

Omar Ouhamza
Agns Haller
Apule
Benveniste
Borges
Ibn Toumert
Chrabi
Schopenhauer
Choukri
Lonard de Vinci
Gabriel Camps
Hadda Ouakki
Hlne Claudot-HA W AD
Heidegger
Hegel
Ahmad Haddachi
Edmond Jabs
Jacques Dubuisson
Jean Wahl
Gilles Deleuze
Kahina
Kristeva
Hari Kunzu
Jean de la Fontaine
El khatir
Marnrnri
Marcel Mauss
Massinisa
Maurizio Nichetti
Merleau _ponty
Amrouche
Ren Char
Serhane
Saint Augustin
Vincent Van Gogh
Khair-Eddin
Jos Saramazo
Ibn khaldoune

147

+~HOo0 1 ~I\Q~01
t, oH0

+onoUH+ A UgOoO
00[~>KAg 1 ~AI g00~~...........................
H0g0o 000 lo]{ X H0g0~]{~I...................
+H~ 1 UoHgIL.......................................
oXx 0 ~XX~OI >KXglXoHoXoA~O...............
+onoUH+ .10]{~]{1.....................................
<Do~II~, <Dog0001 (oCUUoH)......................
o]{00g.1 1 ~]{0H
u

7
11
17
23

...

29
35
41
45

2- 0000::

o[HoHoA ~~]{oUI II~.............................


+0[000 1 gnOolZ....................................
+0.10~................

57
61

65

3- o[*X::1
0[OU00 ~UUHI X UoHE........................
o>KYol+g0~ "+0900+ g[o>K~Y"....................

o[oUoH.............................................
0000YI 1 ~[g010U 0 +Co>K~Y+
H]{000 1 ~AQ~01...................................

148

69

71

143
147
148

Tifras n idrisn
1- AIs
taeawitt d wurar
Asmezdu n idj ussek
'"
tisura ara naf g tisurifin. .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . ..... . . . ...
tikli n walut.......
..
aggwa iggim zg ungal agadir. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .
taeawitt yafifn............
ha knni, ha ussan (acwwal)......................
afssuy n ifsti

2- Asaru
Amlala d ixfawn nnx.............................
Tamara n ucraq....................................
Tayri................................................

3-Amzgun
Amrwas iwwtn g waluet....
Azyan tusi "tabrat umaziy".......

Amawal.............................................
Assayn n imusnaw s tmaziyt
Tifras n idri~n......................................

77
81
87

93
99
103

109
113

125
129
133

137

139

143
147
148

149

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