Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 158



 

 

X
W X Y X JZ Z JiX X

Y
[
J


Z Z X J\ J
Z
X

[ X

Y Z
\
\
Z
Z
Z
Z X  JX JX J
Z
JZ J
J


J

J


J

X
X
X
X
X X

Z JXZJ
Z JX i
Z X J\ 
JX
X \ X Z [
X\
X J

 Z Z J\ JX  J J
X JZ JJJZ J JX JJ
\ JJY J\
X Z J Z iJX J X 
Z JJJJJJJJJ
\ JZ X
 JJJJJJJJ
Z JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
X J\ Z Z JJJJJJJJ
X JJJJJJJJJ

 

       
  
 







QuAllh Sest montr Gnreux, lorsquIl a manifest, pour nous, un homme,
Issu de nous-mmes et en a fait le signe de Sa lieutenance !
Dans sa forme extrieure, il est un homme,
Mais dans sa Ralit intrieure, vraiment, se cache le secret du Khalifat ! 









([WUDLW GXQ SRqPH GH &KHLNK 0XKDPPDG DO$PvQ RXOG .WKRXU HQ
OKRQQHXUGX&KpULI+DPDOOkKFLWpSDU6D\\LG0XKDPPDGLEQ0Xk]GDQV alYaqt wa-l-MarjnS&DVDEODQFD



 

 


$YDQWSURSRV 9


/DILQGXQPRQGH 16


$XWRXUGX3{OHGX7HPSV 29


8QHDSSURFKHKHUPpQHXWLTXHGX1RP6XSUrPH 41


7LHUQR%RNDUGDQVODGHPHXUHG,GUvV 56

8Q6DLQW$LVVDZvDXFXUGHOHPSLUH
FRORQLDOIUDQoDLVRXOD9LFWRLUHGHO$JQHDX 77


/H7pPRLQG$OOkKVXU6DWHUUH 96


/HUHSDVHXFKDULVWLTXH 103


$QQH[HV 112




 




ORFFDVLRQ GH OD SXEOLFDWLRQ GXQ QRXYHDX OLYUH VXU OH
&KHLNK +DPDOOkK ILJXUH PpFRQQXH GX VRXILVPH
FRQWHPSRUDLQ QRXV VRXKDLWRQV DERUGHU OH FDV GX 0DvWUH
VSLULWXHOTXLIXWXQUHYLYLILFDWHXUGH[FHSWLRQGDQVODSUHPLqUH
PRLWLp GX qPH VLqFOH GH OD WDUvTD WLMkQL\\DK HQ $IULTXH GH
O2XHVW &HVW VRXV VRQ pJLGH TXH VH SODoD j OD ILQ GH VD YLH
7LHUQR%RNDUTXLUHFRQQXWHQOXLOH Qub al-ZamnRX3{OH
GX 7HPSV WLWUH TXL GpVLJQH GDQV OpVRWpULVPH LVODPLTXH OH
GHJUp VXSUrPH GH OD KLpUDUFKLH LQLWLDWLTXH 6L OD YLH HW
OHQVHLJQHPHQWGX6DJHGH%DQGLDJDUDTXLIXWXQHSXUH
HW KDXWH ILJXUH QRQ VHXOHPHQW GH O,VODP HQ $IULTXH QRLUH
PDLVGHODVSLULWXDOLWpXQLYHUVHOOHVRQWDXMRXUGKXLPLHX[
FRQQXVHQ2FFLGHQWHQUHYDQFKHFHX[GHVRQSURSUH0DvWUH
OH &KpULI $KPDG +DPKXOOkK TXL GHYDLW OH JXLGHU YHUV OHV
GHJUpV XOWLPHV GH OD 5pDOLVDWLRQ PpWDSK\VLTXH QRQW SDV
VXVFLWpOHVWUDYDX[DWWHQGXVGDQVXQHSHUVSHFWLYHLQLWLDWLTXHj
OH[FHSWLRQ GHV SUpFLHX[ SDVVDJHV GX OLYUH G$PDGRX
+DPSkWp %k TXL UHWUDFHQW OH SDUFRXUV GX &KHLNK HW VD
UHQFRQWUH DYHF 7LHUQR %RNDU 1RWUH pWXGH VH YHXW XQ
SURORQJHPHQW HW XQH LOOXVWUDWLRQ GH FHUWDLQV WKqPHV
GRFWULQDX[ PDMHXUV TXL RQW pWp H[SRVpV VXU OHV VWUXFWXUHV
DUFKpW\SDOHVGX/RJRVXQLYHUVHOOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKSDUOH
V\PEROHPrPHGHVRQSDUFRXUVLQLWLDWLTXHXQLTXHHQHVWXQH
YLEUDQWH H[SUHVVLRQ GRQW QRXV SURSRVRQV LFL XQH OHFWXUH
FLUFRQVWDQFLpH VXVFHSWLEOH GH IDLUH HQWUHYRLU OHV VLJQHV
LGHQWLILDEOHV SDU OHV PpWKRGHV GH OD 6FLHQFH VDFUpH GXQH
IRQFWLRQ HW GXQ HQVHLJQHPHQW XQLYHUVHOV UHSRVDQW VXU OH

$

 6HwGLQD 2XPDU 'LFNR Hamallah, le protg de Dieu pGLWLRQV $O%XVWDQH


3DULV
Cf. $PDGRX+DPSDWp%kVie et enseignement de Tierno Bokar3DULV
1RXVUHYLHQGURQVSOXVORLQVXUFHWWHYDULDQWHGHVRQQRP
IbidSUHPLqUHSDUWLH
 Cf.HQSDUWLFXOLHUODUWLFOH,TUDGH0XKDPPDG9kOVDQScience sacreQRV
j


3URWRW\SH GX /LYUH GDQV VRQ H[SUHVVLRQ FRUDQLTXH 1RXV


VRXKDLWRQV DLQVL PRQWUHU j WUDYHUV FHWWH KDJLRJUDSKLH
WUDGLWLRQQHOOH TXH OD VRXUFH MDLOOLVVDQWH j ODTXHOOH SXLVH OH
&KHLNK+DPDOOkKQHVWDXWUHTXHODVRXUFHPXKDPPDGLHQQH
GH OD 6DLQWHWp XQLYHUVHOOH TXL SHXW VXUJLU GDQV GHV PLOLHX[
SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW SUpGLVSRVpV GH OD *pRJUDSKLH VDFUpH HW HQ
GHV PRPHQWV F\FOLTXHV GpWHUPLQpV GH O+LVWRLUH
WUDGLWLRQQHOOH 1RXV SRXUURQV DLQVL PLHX[ IDLUH VDLVLU OHV
UDLVRQVSURIRQGHVGHODSUpVHQFHDXFXUJpRJUDSKLTXHGHOD
)UDQFH GH FH P\VWpULHX[ VDLQW DX FLPHWLqUH GH O(VW GH
0RQWOXoRQ
/D VFLHQFH TXL SURFqGH GH FHWWH 6DLQWHWp HVW DXVVL
VXUSUHQDQWTXHFHODSXLVVHSDUDvWUHHQpWURLWHUHODWLRQDYHFOD
GRFWULQH GX 5RL GX 0RQGH /RXYUDJH pSRQ\PH GH 5HQp
*XpQRQ SURYLGHQWLHO UpYpODWHXU GH FHWWH GRFWULQH MXVTXHOj
WHQXH VHFUqWH RIIUH XQH FRPSUpKHQVLRQ LQpGLWH GH OD
7UDGLWLRQ SULPRUGLDOH HW SHUPHW GH GpFRXYULU FKH] VHV
UHSUpVHQWDQWV j TXHOTXH WUDGLWLRQ TXLOV DSSDUWLHQQHQW OHV
DWWULEXWV IRQGDPHQWDX[ GX P\VWpULHX[ 5RL GX 0RQGH
DX[TXHOVLOVVLGHQWLILHQWGDQVOHXUQDWXUHHVVHQWLHOOH&HVWDX
PR\HQGHVFOHIVKHUPpQHXWLTXHVJpQpUHXVHPHQWRIIHUWHVSDU
5HQp*XpQRQTXHOHVHQVHLJQHPHQWVGHWRXWHVOHVWUDGLWLRQV
DLQVL TXH GH WRXWHV OHV YRLHV LQLWLDWLTXHV GRLYHQW DLQVL
FRQQDvWUH XQ GpYRLOHPHQW SURJUHVVLI GH OHXU VLJQLILFDWLRQ
SOpQLqUH SRXU TXH VH UHPDQLIHVWH ILQDOHPHQW OXQLWp GH OD
GRFWULQH PpWDSK\VLTXH PDVTXpH SDU OH YrWHPHQW GHV IRUPHV
SDUWLFXOLqUHV




/HVpWXGHVXQLYHUVLWDLUHVVXUOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKHWOD
7DUvTDK 7LMkQL\\DK +DPkZL\\DK RQW GDQV OHXU HQVHPEOH
SULQFLSDOHPHQWGpYHORSSpOHXUVUHFKHUFKHVVXUOHFDGUHVRFLDO
KLVWRULTXH HW JpRJUDSKLTXH GDQV OHTXHO VH VRQW LQVFULWV OH
5HYXHScience sacreQRVS
 

0DvWUH HW VRQ RUGUH LQLWLDWLTXH GRQQDQW XQH DPSOHXU VDQV


SUpFpGHQWjXQVXMHWTXLIXWORQJWHPSVHQWRXUpGXQPXUGH
VLOHQFH/HWUDYDLOSLRQQLHUGHOKLVWRULHQ$OLRXQH7UDRUpTXL
LQDXJXUD OHV pWXGHV KDPDOOLHQQHV SDU OD SXEOLFDWLRQ HQ 
GXQHSUHPLqUHpWXGHGLPSRUWDQFHVXUOH&KHLNKDLQVLTXH
OHVWKqVHVGDXWUHVFKHUFKHXUVXQLYHUVLWDLUHVFRPPH%RXNDU\
6DYDGRJR RX 6HwGQD 2XPDU 'LFNR HQWUH DXWUHV TXL ORQW
SRXUVXLYL HW DERQGDPPHQW FRPSOpWp RQW VDQV DXFXQ GRXWH
HXOLPPHQVHPpULWHGHUHVWLWXHUDX0DvWUHVRQKXPDQLWpHWVD
VDJHVVH HQ SUpVHQWDQW XQH ELRJUDSKLH UHQRXYHOpH GH FHOXLFL
HQ UXSWXUH DYHF FHOOHV JpQpUDOHPHQW GRQQpHV SDU OHV
DGPLQLVWUDWHXUV FRORQLDX[ 5DSSHORQV j FH SURSRV TXH
GXUDQWWRXWHVDFDUULqUHVSLULWXHOOHOHVJRXYHUQHXUVJpQpUDX[
IXUHQW FRQVWDPPHQW SLpJpV SDU OHV PDUDERXWV SURFKHV GX
V\VWqPH FRORQLDO DX VXMHW GX &KHLNK GH 1LRUR  ,OV GUHV
 1RXV FLWRQV OHV RXYUDJHV OHV SOXV LPSRUWDQWV $OLRXQH 7UDRUp Cheikh
Hamahoullah, homme de foi et rsistant 3DULV  6HwGLQD 2XPDU 'LFNR
Hamallah, le protg de Dieu pGLWLRQV $O%XVWDQH 3DULV  /D WKqVH GH
%RXNDU\ 6DYDGRJR Confrries et Pouvoir, la Tijniyyah Hamwiyyah en Afrique
occidentale, $L[HQ 3URYHQFH   9RO  UHVWH OpWXGH OD SOXV FRQVpTXHQWH
PDLV HOOH QD SDV HQFRUH pWp pGLWpH Cf DXVVL OHV DUWLFOHV GH &RQVWDQW +DPqV
&RQIUpULHV VRFLpWpV HW VRFLDELOLWp Les Voies dAllh 3DULV   &KHLNK
+DPDKRXOOkKRXTXHVWFHTXXQH7DUvTD"DLQVLTXHOHVDUWLFOHVFRQVDFUpVjOD
Hamwiyyah GDQV OHV RXYUDJHV FROOHFWLIV La Tijniyyah, une confrrie la
conqute de lAfrique 3DULV HWLe Temps des Marabouts 3DULV 
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop.cit
 5DSSHORQV DYHF %RXNDU\ 6DYDGRJR TXH OHV PHPEUHV GX &+($0
&HQWUH GHV +DXWHV (WXGHV G$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 0XVXOPDQH RQW WRXV WUDFp OH
SRUWUDLWGXVKD\NK+DPDKRXOODKVDQVMDPDLVOHUHQFRQWUHUDORUVTXLOVHQDYDLHQW
ORSSRUWXQLWp Confrries et pouvoirs7RPHS 2QQRWHUDWRXWHIRLVTXH
0U 0RXUDGLDQ VRXV OH SVHXGRQ\PH G$OSKRQVH *RXLOO\ pFULYLW HQ  XQ
UDSSRUW FRQILGHQWLHO 1RWH VXU OH +DPDOOLVPH GDQV OHTXHO ,O UHFRQQDvW
H[SOLFLWHPHQW TXH ODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ D pWp LQWR[LTXpH SDU XQ FHUWDLQ QRPEUH GH
PDUDERXWV DGYHUVDLUHV GH +DPDKRXOODK HW j WUDYHUV TXHOTXHV H[HPSOHV HQ
PRQWUHOHPpFDQLVPHIbidS
 6HORQ ODQDO\VH G$ 7UDRUp OHV PDUDERXWV SURFKHV GH ODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ
FRORQLDOH DYDLHQW HVWLPp IDFH DX FKDULVPH JUDQGLVVDQW GX &KpULI TXH OD VHXOH
VROXWLRQSRXUPDLQWHQLUOHXUDXWRULWpVXUOHXUVILGqOHVHWSUpVHUYHUOHXUVLQWpUrWV
PDWpULHOVFRQVLVWDLWjGpWUXLUHOHPRXYHPHQWKDPDOOLVWH op. citS 


VqUHQW DLQVL XQ SRUWUDLW FRPSOqWHPHQW FDULFDWXUDO GX &KpULI


+DPDOOkK SUpVHQWp FRPPH XQ DQWLIUDQoDLV HW XQ
GDQJHUHX[RSSRVDQWDXSRXYRLUFRORQLDOSRXUGLUHOHPRLQV
&H SRUWUDLW GX VDLQW KRPPH FRQILQDQW VRXYHQW j OD
JURVVLqUHWp UHIOpWDLW SOXW{W SDU UHQYHUVHPHQW OHV REVFXUHV
WHQGDQFHV GH FHV FRQVSLUDWHXUV TXL ILQLUHQW SDU REWHQLU VD
GpSRUWDWLRQ HW VRQ LQWHUQHPHQW DX FRXUV GXQH ORQJXH
SpUpJULQDWLRQ TXL VH VFHOOD ILQDOHPHQW HQ )UDQFH SDU VD
GLVSDULWLRQOHMDQYLHU
6L OHQVHPEOH GHFHVWUDYDX[XQLYHUVLWDLUHVILUHQW DLQVL
XYUH FRPPXQH GH VDOXEULWp HW GH MXVWLFH UHQGXH j OD
PpPRLUHGX0DvWUHPDOKHXUHXVHPHQWFHOOHFLIXWGHVVHUYLH
VXU XQ DXWUHSODQSDUXQHFHUWDLQHUDWLRQDOLVDWLRQ GHODJHVWH
KDPDOOLHQQH $ WLWUH GH[HPSOH PRQVLHXU 7UDRUp UDSSHOOH
GDQV VRQ LQWURGXFWLRQ TXLO IDXW UHYRLU DX SOXV W{W >OH
KDPDOOLVPH@ DYHF XQ UHJDUG FULWLTXH VDQV WRPEHU GDQV OHV
TXHUHOOHV GH FRQIUpULHV HW OHV SLqJHV TXH FRQVWLWXHQW OHV
KDJLRJUDSKLHV WUDGLWLRQQHOOHV TXL QH FRQFHUQHQW TXH OD
VDLQWHWp RX OD P\VWLFLWp GH &KHLNK +DPDKRXOODK IDLWV
GLIILFLOHPHQW VDLVLVVDEOHV SDU XQ KLVWRULHQ PrPH FUR\DQW HW
2QSHXWVHQUHQGUHFRPSWHGDQVOHVDLPDEOHVSURSRVGX*RXYHUQHXU
GX 6RXGDQ IUDQoDLV 7HUUDVVRQ GH )RXJqUHV UDSSRUWpV GDQV OH UpFLW GH VRQ
HQWUHWLHQ DYHF OH &KpULI +DPDOOkK Ibid $QQH[H S  HW VXLY  6HORQ %
6DYDGRJR LO IXW OXQ GHV SHUVRQQDJHVFOpV GH OD FRQVWUXFWLRQ GXQH LPDJH
QpJDWLYHGH6KD\NK+DPDKRXOODK IbidS 
,OIXWGpSRUWpXQHSUHPLqUHIRLVGHjHQ0DXULWDQLH 0HGHUGUD 
HW HQ &{WH G,YRLUH $G]RSp  SXLV GH  j  HQ $OJpULH
&DVVDLJQH0RVWDJDQHP  HWHQ)UDQFH 9DOVOHV%DLQVHW0RQWOXoRQ ,OUHYLQW
FHSHQGDQW j 1LRUR GH  j  VpMRXU TXLO QH FRQVLGpUD SDV FRPPH XQH
OLEpUDWLRQ PDLV FRPPH XQH pWDSH GH VRQ YR\DJH IRUFp FRPPH ODWWHVWH OD
SULqUH DEUpJpH TXLO FRQWLQXD GH SUDWLTXHU GqV VRQ UHWRXU GH[LO MXVTXHQ
VHSWHPEUH  GDWH GH OLOOXVRLUH UpFRQFLOLDWLRQ GH 1LRUR 6L FHWWH SULqUH
SRXYDLW WUDGXLUH VRQ pWDW GH[LO SHUPDQHQW HOOH DWWHVWDLW DXVVL GH VRQ pWDW
GLQVpFXULWp SRXU OH 0DvWUH FHWWH SULqUH GH GHX[ rakaat pWDLW DYDQW WRXW OD
SULqUHGHODSHXU 6alt al-khawf 
 ,OV RQW SDWLHPPHQW H[KXPp HW pWXGLp WRXV OHV GRFXPHQWV GHV DUFKLYHV
FRORQLDOHV D\DQW WUDLW DX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK HW j VRQ RUGUH HW RQW DLQVL SX
GpPRQWHU SLqFH SDU SLqFH OHV URXDJHV GH OD PDFKLQDWLRQ RUFKHVWUpH FRQWUH OH
&KHLNK
 

SUDWLTXDQW3OXVORLQLOGpFODUHSUpVHQWHUOH&KHLNKVRXV
VRQYUDLYLVDJHGpEDUUDVVpGXPDVTXHTXHOXLPRGHOqUHQWOHV
FRUUHVSRQGDQFHV DGPLQLVWUDWLYHV HW GX YRLOH GX PHUYHLOOHX[
GRQWODOpJHQGHHWOKDJLRJUDSKLHDIULFDLQHVOHFRXYULUHQW
/HVUpVHUYHVSOXVRXPRLQVPDUTXpHVpPLVHVSDUOXQ
RX ODXWUH GH FHV KLVWRULHQV VXU OH P\WKH OpJHQGDLUH TXH OH
&KHLNKFRQWLQXHHQFRUHDXMRXUGKXLGLQFDUQHURXHQFRUHVXU
ODXWKHQWLFLWp GH VRQ LQYHVWLWXUH 3RODLUH WUDGXLVHQW XQH
FHUWDLQH LQFRPSUpKHQVLRQ GH ODVSHFW SURSUHPHQW
IRQFWLRQQHO GX 0DvWUH HQ PpFRQQDLVVDQW VD QDWXUH
GLYLQH RX laht SRXU UHSUHQGUH XQ WHUPH WHFKQLTXH GH
OpVRWpULVPHLVODPLTXHRQVHERUQHILQDOHPHQWjQHYRLUTXH
ODGLPHQVLRQKRUL]RQWDOHGHVRQrWUH6LODOpJHQGHSRSXODLUH
LPPRUWDOLVH OHV KpURV FRPPH OH UHFRQQDvW SRXUWDQW
0RQVLHXU 7UDRUp DX VXMHW GX &KHLNK FHVW HQ YHUWX GH VD
QDWXUHWRXWHFpOHVWHRIIHUWHDX[UHJDUGVGHWRXVFHX[TXLGDQV
XQHWRXWDXWUHSHUVSHFWLYHRQWSULVOHYRLOHGXPHUYHLOOHX[
GDQVVRQVHQVSRVLWLIGHUpYpODWHXUFRPPHHQWpPRLJQHQW
OHV SRqPHV GDOOpJHDQFH GH VHV GLVFLSOHV YpULWDEOH H[DOWDWLRQ
GHO,GHQWLWp6XSUrPHGX0DvWUHTXLVRQWHQFRUHSVDOPRGLpV
DXMRXUGKXL GDQV WRXWHV OHV ]kZL\DV KDPDZvHV 6L QRV
KLVWRULHQV SDU OH FRQWDFW YLYLILDQW GHV VRXUFHV RUDOHV
DX[TXHOOHV LOV RQW FHUWDLQHPHQW HX DFFqV ORUV GH OHXUV
UHFKHUFKHV VXU OH WHUUDLQ RQW WRXWHIRLV UHFRQQX HQ &KpULI
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop.citS
 Ibid S  4XDQW j % 6DYDGRJRVRQGLUHFWHXUGHWKqVH0U-HDQ/RXLV
7ULDXGQRWHTXHVRQpOqYHDSXUHSpUHUOHVVWpUpRW\SHVHWOHVHIIHWVGHOpJHQGH
QRLUHHWTXLOQHFqGHSDVGDYDQWDJHjOKDJLRJUDSKLHHW>TX@LOPRQWUHJUkFH
DX[ DUFKLYHV GH1LRURXQVKDLNK+DPDOODKKpVLWDQWSXVLOODQLPHGpERUGpSDU
VHVGLVFLSOHV &RPSWHUHQGXGHWKqVHClio en AfriqueQSULQWHPSV 
 Ibid S  3OXV SUpFLVpPHQW OHV OpJHQGHV ORLQ GrWUH SURGXLWHV SDU OH
SHXSOHVRQWWRXMRXUVHQUpDOLWpOXYUHGLQLWLpV TXLJUDYHQWDLQVLOHVV\PEROHV
GHVGRFWULQHVPpWDSK\VLTXHVGDQVODPpPRLUHSRSXODLUH
 &HWWH VRXUFH MDLOOLVVDQWH GH SRpVLH WUDGLWLRQQHOOH QD SDV RX SHX DWWLUp
ODWWHQWLRQGHVFKHUFKHXUV1RXVVLJQDORQVTXLOH[LVWHXQHpGLWLRQGXQUHFXHLO
GHSRqPHVOH Yaqt wa-l-marjn, f ayt pimayatu-l-Ramn, La Perle prcieuse
et le Corail : sur la Vie dHimayatu-l-Ramn,OUDVVHPEOHGHQRPEUHX[SRqPHV
DUDEHVGHPXTDGGHPVHWGLVFLSOHVGX&KHLNKCfQRWH


+DPDOOkKXQ$PLGH'LHXTXLIXWGHFHX[TXLUHQRQFHQW
j WRXW SRXU VH WRXUQHU YHUV OXOWLPH UpDOLWp RQWLOV SULV
WRXWH OD PHVXUH GH FH TXH OD SOXSDUW GHV GpWHQWHXUV GH OD
WUDGLWLRQ KDPDOOLVWH OHXU RQW FRQVHLOOp SRXU FRPSUHQGUH
WRXW FH TXL D WUDLW j OD YLH HW j OHQVHLJQHPHQW GH &KHLNK
+DPDKRXOODKLOIDXWDYRLUODIRL"&HFRQVHLOGRQQpSDU
GHVKRPPHVVSLULWXHOVHQJDJpVGDQVODYRLHLQLWLDWLTXHODLVVH
WUDQVSDUDvWUHXQHFHUWDLQHPLVHHQJDUGH6DQVDXFXQGRXWHOD
)RLGRQWSDUOHQWFHVLQLWLpVQHVWSDVODVLPSOHFUR\DQFH
FDU OH GRPDLQH R HOOH LQWHUYLHQW FRPPH OHQVHLJQH 0LFKHO
9kOVDQ VpWHQG pJDOHPHQW DX[ PRGDOLWpV pVRWpULTXHV HW
LQLWLDWLTXHVGHODYRLHVSLULWXHOOHjXQGHJUppPLQHQWVDQVTXH
FHOD HQWUDvQH XQH DOWpUDWLRQ GH TXDOLWp LQWHOOHFWXHOOH DX
FRQWUDLUH j FHV GHJUpV OD )RL MRXH OH U{OH GXQH IRUFH
WUDQVIRUPDQWH j OpJDUG GHV V\PEROHV HW RSpUDWLYH j OpJDUG
GHVLGpHVPpWDSK\VLTXHV
,OQRXVVHPEOHLPSRUWDQWGHUDSSHOHUTXHODIRQFWLRQ
GHV 0DvWUHV OHV VFLHQFHV TXL OHXU VRQW DWWDFKpHV HW OHXUV
LPSOLFDWLRQV GDQV OpFRQRPLH WUDGLWLRQQHOOH QH SHXYHQW
pYLGHPPHQWVHUpYpOHUjODLGHGXQHPpWKRGHGLQYHVWLJDWLRQ
KLVWRULTXH HW OpWXGH GXQ FDV LQLWLDWLTXH GDQV WRXWHV VHV
PRGDOLWpV GRLW VpWXGLHU LQLWLDWLTXHPHQW 7RXWHIRLV
OKLVWRLUH GHV 0DvWUHV UHSUpVHQWH XQH GHV PRGDOLWpV GH
SURMHFWLRQ GH OHXU rWUH LQWpULHXU VRXV IRUPH GH
GpURXOHPHQW HW ORQ VH GRLW GH WHQLU FRPSWH GXQ WHO
VXSSRUWGDQVWRXWHpWXGHVDFUpH5HQp*XpQRQHQVHLJQHGDQV
VRQLQWURGXFWLRQDXSymbolisme de la CroixjSURSRVGHVIDLWV
KLVWRULTXHV TXLOV VH FRQIRUPHQW QpFHVVDLUHPHQW j OD ORL GH
FRUUHVSRQGDQFH >@ HW SDU OD PrPH WUDGXLVHQW VHORQ OHXU
PRGH OHV UpDOLWpV VXSpULHXUHV GRQW LOV QH VRQW HQ TXHOTXH
VRUWH TXXQH H[SUHVVLRQ KXPDLQH HW QRXV DMRXWHURQV TXH
FHVW FH TXL IDLW WRXW OHXU LQWpUrW j QRWUH SRLQW GH YXH
HQWLqUHPHQW GLIIpUHQW FHOD YD GH VRL GH FHOXL DXTXHO VH
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop. cit.S
. Ibid.
LIslam et la Fonction de Ren GunonS3DULV
 

SODFHQWOHVKLVWRULHQVSURIDQHV&HFDUDFWqUHV\PEROLTXH
ELHQ TXH FRPPXQ j WRXV OHV IDLWV KLVWRULTXHV GRLW rWUH
SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWQHWSRXUFHX[TXLUHOqYHQWGHFHTXRQSHXW
DSSHOHU SOXV SURSUHPHQW OKLVWRLUH VDFUpH HW FHVW DLQVL
TXRQOHWURXYHQRWDPPHQWGXQHIDoRQWUqVIUDSSDQWHGDQV
WRXWHVOHVFLUFRQVWDQFHVGHODYLHGX&KULVW&HVWHQYHUWX
GH FHW HQVHLJQHPHQW GH 5HQp *XpQRQ TXL GpWHUPLQH
ORULHQWDWLRQ j VXLYUH GDQV WRXWH UHFKHUFKH KDJLRJUDSKLTXH
TXHQRXVpWXGLHURQVODYLHGX&KpULIGH1LRURGRQWOHVIDLWV
HW JHVWHV WUDQVFHQGpV SDU O(VSULW VDLQW GpSDVVHQW VDQV
DXFXQHPHVXUHOHQWHQGHPHQWKXPDLQ





















,ODMRXWHHQQRWH/DYpULWpKLVWRULTXHHOOHPrPHQHVWVROLGHTXHTXDQG
HOOHGpULYHGX3ULQFLSH 7FKRXDQJ7VHXFKDS 
 Le Symbolisme de la Croix SS  Cf pJDOHPHQW LErreur Spirite S
 OKLVWRLUH WHOOH TXHOOH HVW HQVHLJQpH RIILFLHOOHPHQW VHQ WLHQW DX[
pYpQHPHQWV H[WpULHXUV TXL QH VRQW TXH GHV HIIHWV GH TXHOTXH FKRVH GH SOXV
SURIRQG


   


DYRLHLQLWLDWLTXH7LMkQL\\DKGRQWLOIXWXQUHYLYLILFDWHXU
GH[FHSWLRQ IXW IRQGpH j OD ILQ GX qPH VLqFOH SDU OH
&KHLNKPDJKUpELQ$KPDGDO7LMkQvHWVHGLIIXVDjSDUWLUGX
0DJKUHEPDLVDXVVLGH/D0HNNHSULQFLSDOHPHQWHQ$IULTXH
GH O2XHVW SDU OHV YRLHV FDUDYDQLqUHV TXHPSUXQWqUHQW OHV
SUHPLHUV PDvWUHV TXL UDPHQDLHQW GHV PDLVRQVPqUHV GH )H]
G $\Q0kGvRXHQFRUHGHOD0qUHGHV&LWpVOD GRFWULQH
GX QRXYHO RUGUH WHO XQ GpS{W VDFUp GDQV OHV FLWpV HW OHV
]kZL\DV GX 6DKDUD OH Bild al-Bdn OH SD\V GHV %ODQFV 
SXLVMXVTXDX Bild al-Sdn OHSD\VGHV1RLUV 2XWUHVRQ
U{OH SXUHPHQWVSLULWXHOTXLVHWUDGXLVLWSDUODGLIIXVLRQGXQ
HQVHLJQHPHQW LQLWLDWLTXH GRQW OHVVHQFH GRFWULQDOH DSSDUWLHQW
jORUGUHPpWDSK\VLTXHOHSOXVpOHYpFHOOHFLHXWpJDOHPHQWj
LQWHUYHQLU GLUHFWHPHQW HQ GHV PRPHQWV GpWHUPLQpV GDQV OH
GRPDLQHWHPSRUHOOH[HPSOHOHSOXVFRQQXHVWFHOXLGDO+DMM
8PDU7DOOTXLIXWLQYHVWLVXUOHVOLHX[VDLQWVGHODIRQFWLRQ
GH .KDOLIH GH OD 7LMkQL\\DK SRXU OH Bilad al-Sdn &H
.KDOLIDW GHYDLW rWUH FRPSULV SDU FH GHUQLHU GDQV XQH
SHUVSHFWLYH pVRWpULTXH SXLV H[RWpULTXH FH TXL FRQGXLVLW OH
&KHLNK$OID8PDUOKRPPHDX[PLOOHVFLHQFHVjPHQHU

6XUOD7DUvTDK7LMkQL\\DKORXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFHHVWOHJawhiru-l-Man

Les perles des significations

1RXVUHYLHQGURQVSOXVORLQVXUODQDWXUHGHFHWHQVHLJQHPHQW
$O+kMM6D\\LGv8PDUEHQ6DvGDO)WvDO7UvDO.DGDZv  GH
OD IDPLOOH WRXFRXOHXU 7DOO RULJLQDLUH GX )XWD 7RUR UpJLRQ TXH OHV 3HXKOV
FRQVLGqUHQWFRPPHXQHSURMHFWLRQGXr SinnOH0RQW6LQDw
2QWURXYHUDOHWpPRLJQDJHGHFHWWHLQYHVWLWXUHSDUVRQ0DvWUH0XKDPPDG
*KDOvOXLPrPHOLHXWHQDQWG$KPDG7LMkQvGDQVVRQKitb al-Rimh9ROSS
 HW VXLY ,O H[SOLTXH GDQV FH SDVVDJH OD QRWLRQ GH .KDOLIDW VHORQ ORUGUH
VDFHUGRWDOSXLVUR\DO6LJQDORQVTXHGDQVVDUpDOLWpHVVHQWLHOOHOH.KDOLIDWHVWOH
SULQFLSHGHVGHX[SXLVTXLOHVWXQHGpVLJQDWLRQGHOD5pDOLWpPXKDPPDGLHQQH
/HWHUPHDUDEH alfRXalfa VLJQLILHPLOOHHWGRLWVDSSOLTXHUDYDQWWRXWDX
3{OH GRQW OD OHWWUH HPEOpPDWLTXH HVW Oalif GH YDOHXU  7RWDOLVDWHXU GH WRXWH
VFLHQFH GH VD UDFLQH $/) SURFqGH OH GpYHORSSHPHQW LQGpILQL GH FH TXL HVW
FRQWHQX V\QWKpWLTXHPHQW GDQV VRQ QRPEUH 3DU H[WHQVLRQ OH WHUPH alfa IXW

 

XQH GRXEOH FRQTXrWH GDQV OHV GRPDLQHV GH JRXYHUQHPHQW


UHVSHFWLIVOXQHVSLULWXHOOHSDUODWUDQVPLVVLRQRUDOHHWpFULWH
GHOHQVHLJQHPHQWGRFWULQDOGHODQRXYHOOHYRLHVRXILHIUXLW
GH VD UpDOLVDWLRQ LQWpULHXUH  DX PR\HQ GH VHV ODQFHV
VSLULWXHOOHV ODXWUH WHPSRUHOOH SDU OD IRQGDWLRQ GXQ
QRXYHDX .KDOLIDW TXL VXFFpGD j ODQFLHQ (PSLUH SHXO GX
0DFLQD PDLV VpWHQGDQW VXU XQ WHUULWRLUH ELHQ SOXV YDVWH
HQFRUH 7RXWHIRLV FHWWH HQWUHSULVH GXQLILFDWLRQ HW
GH[WHQVLRQ GX Dr-al-Islm RXHVW DIULFDLQ VDYpUD GDQV VD
SKDVH ILQDOH rWUH XQH OXWWH IUDWULFLGH SRXU OH SRXYRLU HQWUH
FRQIUpULHV ULYDOHV 6L OD OpJLWLPLWp GHV GHUQLHUV FRQIOLWV GX
PDUDERXW JXHUULHU TXH IXW (O +DGM 8PDU VXVFLWH HQFRUH
GkSUHV GLVFXVVLRQV DXMRXUGKXL RQ QRWHUD DYHF LQWpUrW TXH
GDQVOHVGpFHQQLHVTXLVXLYLUHQWOHSRXYRLUWHPSRUHOpFKDSSD
GpILQLWLYHPHQWDX[SDUWLVDQWDJRQLVWHVHQWRPEDQWILQDOHPHQW
DSSRVpHQ$IULTXHQRLUHGHYDQWOHVQRPVGHVJUDQGVPDUDERXWVOHWWUpVJDUGLHQV
HWGpSRVLWDLUHVGHVVFLHQFHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHVLVODPLTXHV
6RQRXYUDJHPDvWUHOH Kitb Rim izb ar-Ram al nur izb ar-rajm
Le livre des Lances spirituelles du parti du Trs-Misricordieux [qui frappent] les
cous du parti du LapidHVWXQSUpFLHX[FRPSOpPHQWGXJawhir al-Man,OHVW

GDLOOHXUV DXMRXUGKXL pGLWp HQ PDUJH GH FH GHUQLHU RXYUDJH $ SURSRV GX
V\PEROLVPHJXHUULHUTXXQWHOWLWUHQHSHXWPDQTXHUGpYRTXHUUDSSHORQVTXH
OHV MRXWHV GRFWULQDOHV DX[TXHOOHV VH OLYUD DO+DMM 8PDU WRXW DX ORQJ GH VD
FDUULqUH VSLULWXHOOH PDUTXqUHQW SURIRQGpPHQW OHV WUDGLWLRQV SRSXODLUHV TXL
pYRTXHQWOH&KHLNK
/HVGHX[JUDQGHVSKDVHVGXSDUFRXUVG$O+DMM8PDUGRQWODSUHPLqUH
WRXWH VSLULWXHOOH WURXYH VRQ DSRJpH GDQV VHV VWDWLRQV VXFFHVVLYHV j OD 0HNNH
0pGLQH HW -pUXVDOHP PpULWHUDLHQW GrWUH pWXGLpHV 6LJQDORQV WRXWHIRLV FH TXH
ORQUDSSRUWHjSURSRVGHVRQSqOHULQDJHj-pUXVDOHP,OQHPDQTXDSDVGHVH
SUpVHQWHUHWGHSULHUSDUWRXWRODWUDGLWLRQPXVXOPDQHDIDLWSDVVHUOH0HVVLH
9HUEHGH'LHX,VVD -pVXV ILOVGH0DULH&HVWSLHXVHPHQWTXLOYLVLWDOHVOLHX[
OHV SOXV VDFUpV GH *DOLOpH PRQWDJQHV VDLQWHV FROOLQHV EpQLHV HW SODLQHV
KHXUHXVHVDXWRXUGXODFGH7LEpULDGH $+%kHW-'DJHW LEmpire Peul du
MacinaS 6LOSRUWDXQDPRXUVDQVERUQHVDX3URSKqWHUFRPPHOHGLUD
OH &KHLNK +DPkOODK j VRQ VXMHW RQ SHXW SHQVHU TXH OD YpQpUDWLRQ PDQLIHVWH
SRUWpH j $LVV j WUDYHUV FHWWH SpUpJULQDWLRQ VXU VHV SURSUHV WUDFHV WpPRLJQH
pJDOHPHQWGHOD9RORQWpGLYLQHGHOHSODFHUVXUVRQSDV al qadamihiVHORQ
OH[SUHVVLRQVRXILHFRQVDFUpH FHTXLVDFFRUGHELHQDYHFODIRQFWLRQVDFHUGRWDOH
GRQWLOHXWODFKDUJHGDQVODSUHPLqUHSDUWLHGHVDYLH


DX[ PDLQV GH OD )UDQFH TXL PHQDLW DORUV RXYHUWHPHQW VD
FDPSDJQHGHFRORQLVDWLRQGHO$IULTXHGHO2XHVW
/HV WURXSHV DUPpHV GX JpQpUDO $UFKLQDUG VHPSDUq
UHQW GH OD YLOOH GH 1LRUR FDSLWDOH SULQFLSDOH GH O(PSLUH
WRXFRXOHXU HQ MDQYLHU DQQpH TXL PDUTXD DLQVL OD ILQ GH
O(WDWWKpRFUDWLTXH torodo$PDGRX+DPSkWp%kVRXOLJQHGH
VRQF{WpTXHFHVWjSDUWLUGH1LRURTX(O+DGM8PDUDYDLW
SHUGXOHFRQWU{OHGHVRQDUPpHHWTXHOHFDUDFWqUHSXUHPHQW
UHOLJLHX[ GH VD FRQTXrWH OXL DYDLW pFKDSSp/D
FRORQLVDWLRQTXLVLQVFULYLWGDQVOHF\FOHGHVYLROHQWVFRQIOLWV
TXH FRQQDLVVDLW ODQFLHQ 6RXGDQ HQWUDvQD GHV UDSSRUWV
QRXYHDX[ HQWUH O$XWRULWp VSLULWXHOOH HW OH SRXYRLU WHPSRUHO
6DQV SRXYRLU \ LQVLVWHU SUpVHQWHPHQW QRXV VLJQDOHURQV
VLPSOHPHQWTXj1LRURFHVUHODWLRQVHQWUHOHVGHX[SRXYRLUV
YRQW SUHQGUH XQH GLPHQVLRQ WRXWH SDUWLFXOLqUH SRXU QH SDV
GLUH H[HPSODLUH HQ UDLVRQ GH OD SUpVHQFH HIILFLHQWH GXQ
0DvWUH VSLULWXHO UHFRQQX FRPPH OH 3{OH GX 7HPSV Qub
az-Zamn SXLVDVVXPDQWODFKDUJHGHODIRQFWLRQG,PkPHW
GH .KDOLIH GH ORUGUH GqV  (Q HIIHW FHVW GDQV FH
FRQWH[WH GH ERXOHYHUVHPHQWV PDMHXUV TXL WUDGXLVDLW
ODIIDLEOLVVHPHQWGHOD7UDGLWLRQHWVXUWRXWODGpJpQpUHVFHQFH
GH YRLHV LQLWLDWLTXHV SDU WURS HQJDJpHV GDQV OH GRPDLQH
WHPSRUHO TXH IXW VXVFLWp OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK TXL HQ YHUWX
GXQH QDWXUH VSLULWXHOOH WRXW j IDLW H[FHSWLRQQHOOH HW GXQH
LOOXVWUH DVFHQGDQFH FKpULILHQQH DOODLW rWUH SHUoX FRPPH XQ
YpULWDEOH PDKGv XQ 9LYLILFDWHXU GH OD WUDGLWLRQ Muy-ddn  j PrPH GH UDPHQHU VRQ RUGUH DX[ SULQFLSHV
IRQGDPHQWDX[ GH O,QLWLDWLRQ TXL DYDLHQW pWp SHUGXV GH YXH
GDQV XQH JUDQGH SDUWLH GHV EUDQFKHV GH OD Tarqah 'HSXLV
TXHOTXHVDQQpHVO(VSULWTXLOHVDQLPDLWVHPEODLWVrWUHUHWLUp
HWjGHUDUHVH[FHSWLRQVSUqVOHVWDWXWSULPRUGLDOGHOD9RLH
DYHF WRXWHV OHV SUpURJDWLYHV TXL OXL VRQW DWWDFKpHV VpWDLW
RFFXOWp SURJUHVVLYHPHQW QRQ SDV VLPSOHPHQW GDQV ODVSHFW
FRQIUpULTXH TXL ELHQTXHFRQVWLWXWLIGHOLQLWLDWLRQUHVVRUW
$PDGRX+DPSkWp%kop. citS
6XUFHVQRWLRQVDWWULEXWLYHVGX3{OHcfSciencesacreQRVS
 

SOXV GH ORUJDQLVDWLRQ VRFLDOH H[WpULHXUH PDLV ELHQ GDQV XQ


YpULWDEOH WULEDOLVPH HWKQLTXH VLJQH LQTXLpWDQW GX SULQFLSH
GLQGLYLGXDWLRQ
/D VqYH SDUWLH OH WURQF WUDGLWLRQQHO OXLPrPH
SDUDLVVDLW HQ SOHLQH GpVDJUpJDWLRQ DX SRLQW TXH FHUWDLQV
PDvWUHV VSLULWXHOV TXL YpFXUHQW FHWWH SpULRGH GREVFXUDWLRQ
WpPRLQV GHV VLJQHV GH O+HXUH DQQRQFqUHQW XQH YpULWDEOH
ILQ GX 7HPSV Akhr az-Zamn &HVW SRXUTXRL OH
UHQRXYHDXGHODWDUvTDSDU6KD\NK+DPk$OOkK>@VHPEODLW
RIIULU XQ KRUL]RQ GH GpSDVVHPHQW GXQ PRQGH TXL
VHIIRQGUH HW DLQVL OD YRL[ GX &KpULI DOODLW LUULJXHU HW
IpFRQGHU OD 7LGMDQL\D TXL GpVRUPDLV YLYUDLW GXQH YLH
QRXYHOOH3DUPLOHVSRqPHVWUDGLWLRQQHOVGXJUDQGUHFXHLO
KDPDZv Al-Yaqt wa-l-Marjn f hayati Himyati-r-Rahmn
/DSLHUUHSUpFLHXVHHWOHFRUDLOVXUODYLHGHODSURWHFWLRQGX
7RXW0LVpULFRUGLHX[   LO VHQ WURXYH XQ TXL VXU XQ IRQG
SXUHPHQWHVFKDWRORJLTXHDQQRQFHODYHQXHGX0DKGvTXHOHV
0DvWUHV LGHQWLILqUHQW HQ UDLVRQ GHV SUpFLVLRQV QXPpULTXHV
TXLO FRPSRUWH DX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK Qp DX GpEXW GX qPH
VLqFOHGHOKpJLUH al ras al-qarn al-rabi achara al-hijr 
FHVWjGLUHHQODQQpH   (FULWSDUOHVDLQW$KPDG
DO6DJKvURULJLQDLUHGHODYLOOHGH7LFKvWPRUWHQ  
 VRLW  DQQpHV OXQDLUHV HQYLURQ DYDQW OD QDLVVDQFH GX
&KHLNK  FH SRqPH DUDEH HVW XQH nniyyah FHVWjGLUH
TXLOHVWFRPSRVpVXUODULPHGHODOHWWUH nn3DUFHWWHOHWWUH
TXLIDLWDLQVLILJXUHGHVFHDXVXUFKDFXQGHVYHUVFHSRqPH
HVW XQH DOOXVLRQ FHUWDLQH DX[ P\VWqUHV GH OD OHWWUH
KLpURJO\SKLTXH nn GRQW 5HQp *XpQRQ GHYDLW UpYpOHU OH
V\PEROLVPHIRQGDPHQWDOQRWDPPHQWjWUDYHUVVHVSURSULpWpV
QXPpULTXHV TXL VH UDSSRUWHQW GLUHFWHPHQW j OD TXHVWLRQ GH
,OH[LVWHXQFpOqEUHSRqPHGX&KHLNK$PDGRX%DPED Y VXU
FHWKqPH
$EGHO:HGRXG2XOG&KHLNK/HVSHUOHVHWOHVRXIUHLQ La TijniyyaS

$PDGRX+DPSkWp%kop. citS
6D\\LG0XKDPPDGLEQ0Xk] al-Yaqt wa-l-Marjn, f hayti Himyati-rRahmn, &DVDEODQFD1RXVMRLJQRQVFHSRqPHHQDQQH[HGHQRWUHpWXGH


ODFFRPSOLVVHPHQW GHV F\FOHV TXLOV VRLHQW PDMHXUV RX


PLQHXUV 'DQV XQ SDVVDJH GH OD qadah LO HVW SUpFLVp
TXHORUVTXHOHFLQTXDQWHGHFHVLqFOHVHUDDFFRPSOL idh alkhamsn min dha-l-qarn tammat  VH PDQLIHVWHUD DORUV DX[
UHJDUGVLQWpULHXUVHWH[WpULHXUVOXLOH0DKGvHQWRXWHYpULWpHW
VDQV DXFXQ GRXWH ,O VH WKpRSKDQLVHUD DYHF OHV SUHXYHV
pYLGHQWHV SRXU OHV rWUHV GRXpV GLQWHOOLJHQFH  &H MXELOp
DQQRQFpFO{WODGHX[LqPHPRLWLpGXVLqFOH [ HWFRwQFLGH
GRQFDYHFOHGpEXWGX qPH VLqFOHTXLPDUTXHODQDLVVDQFHGX
0DvWUHDQQRQFp2QQRWHUDLFLODFRUUHVSRQGDQFHVXEWLOHDYHF
OD OHWWUH nn GH YDOHXU  VHORQ lAbjad ODTXHOOH RFFXSH
SUpFLVpPHQW OH qPH UDQJ GDQV OD VXLWH DOSKDEpWLTXH &HVW
GRQFHQILOLJUDQHOHP\VWqUHDSRFDO\SWLTXHGHODOHWWUHnn TXL
HVW VXJJpUpH j WUDYHUV VD IRUPH KLpURJO\SKLTXH   FDYHUQH
LQLWLDWLTXHGHODTXHOOHGHYDLWVRUWLUXQ0DKGvGHOD7LMkQL\\DK
&HVWGDQVXQWHOFRQWH[WHGHILQGHF\FOHTXHOLQVLJQH
IRQFWLRQ GX 3KpQL[ Anq  j WUDYHUV VD GRFWULQH pVRWpULTXH
GX 6FHDX GHV 6DLQWV Khatm al-Awliy  IXW DWWULEXp DX
&KHLNK $KPDG +DPDOOkK $ OLQVWDU GX Mahd TXL VH
PDQLIHVWH j OD ILQ GX 7HPSV GRQW OD GRFWULQH
HVFKDWRORJLTXH HQ UHODWLRQ DYHF OD VRXUDWH GH OD FDYHUQH
RFFXSH XQH SODFH VLJQLILFDWLYH DX FKDSLWUH  GHV Futt
G,EQ$UDEvOHUpQRYDWHXUGXPLFURFRVPH7LMkQvHQFHWWHILQ
GHF\FOHQHGHYDLWLOSDVDSSDUDvWUHXQHQOLHXSUpGLVSRVpGHOD
*pRJDSKLH VDFUpH" $PDGRX +DPSkWp %k UDSSRUWH TXH OD
YLOOH GH 1LRUR Madnah Anyor  D SRXU QRP H[DFW nour
>TXL@ VLJQLILH Lumire HQ DUDEH FRUDQLTXH HW GRQQH DLQVL
XQH SUpFLHXVH LQGLFDWLRQ VXU OH EHUFHDX TXL GHYDLW DFFXHLOOLU
XQH QRXYHOOH PDQLIHVWDWLRQ GX 3KpQL[ SRUWDQW OD Nr
Muhammad 6L ORQ UHVWLWXH j OD 9LOOH /XPLqUH Madnah
Nr  VRQ RUWKRJUDSKHLQLWLDOHHQOXLUHWLUDQWOHVOHWWUHV alifHW
y GH VD WUDQVFULSWLRQ SKRQpWLTXH TXL OXL RQW pWp DMRXWpHV
/HV0\VWqUHVGHODOHWWUH1QLQSymboles fondamentaux de la Science sacre
Al-Yaqt wa-l-MarjnS
 Vie et Enseignement S  /D VRXUDWH  SRUWH FH QRP DXTXHO UpIqUH
H[SOLFLWHPHQWOHYHUVHW
 

GDQV OH SDUOHU SRSXODLUH FHOOHFL D SRXU YDOHXU VRODLUH  HW
VXUWRXW VLORQWLHQWFRPSWHGHOXQLWpGHV WHUPHVTXL
QHVW DXWUH TXH OXQLWp D[LDOH GX 3{OH PXKDPPDGLHQ
UD\RQQDQW GDQV XQH &LWp GX 6ROHLO SURWRW\SLTXH j OLPDJH
GH OD 0pGLQH ,OOXPLQpH GX 3URSKqWH al-Madnah alMunawwarah  GRQW OKHUPpQHXWLTXH UHQYRLH j QHQ SDV
GRXWHU j OD P\VWpULHXVH +pOLRSROLV FDSLWDOH GH OD 6\ULH
SULPLWLYH HW VLqJH GH OD WUDGLWLRQ SULPRUGLDOH GRQW 5HQp
*XpQRQ D PLV HQ OXPLqUH OH V\PEROLVPH GDQV VRQ DUWLFOH
PDJLVWUDO/D7HUUHGX6ROHLO
&HFL pWDQW GLW LO LPSRUWH GH VRXOLJQHU TXH OD PLVVLRQ
YLYLILFDWULFHGHFHOXLTXHORQJORULILDGXWLWUHGH6ROHLOGHOD
6DLQWHWp Shams al-Wilyah  IXW SUpFpGpH GH FHOOH GX
&KHLNKDOJpULHQ6D\\LG0XKDPPDG$O$NKGDUTXLMRXDDLQVL
OH SUHPLHU U{OH GDQV OD JHQqVH GH OD 7DUvTDK 7LMkQL\\DK
+DPDZL\\DK HQ $IULTXH GH O2XHVW 6XU FH P\VWpULHX[
SHUVRQQDJH OHV VRXUFHV WUDGLWLRQQHOOHV VRQW SHX SUROL[HV
5DSSHORQV VLPSOHPHQW TXDX FRXUV GXQH DVVHPEOpH
pVRWpULTXH GHV JUDQGV 0DvWUHV 7LMkQvV TXL IXW VDQV DXFXQ
GRXWH OH VXSSRUW RFFDVLRQQHO GX Diwn al-Awliy OH
mdnh  
nr  






Symboles fondamentaux de la Science SacreFKDS
,EQ0Xk]op. citS
$VVHPEOpHjODTXHOOHSDUWLFLSDLWVRQSURSUHPDvWUHOHJUDQG&KHLNK7DKDU
GH7OHPFHQTXLIXWOXQGHVSOXVSURFKHVFRPSDJQRQVG$KPDG7LMkQv1RXV
UDSSHOOHURQVLFLSXLVTXLOHVWTXHVWLRQGHVUHODWLRQVHQWUHOHVGHX[SRXYRLUVTXH
OHFKHLNK7DKDUUHFRQQXWO(PLU$EGDO4kGLUFRPPH6XOWDQHWOXLDSSRUWDVRQ
VRXWLHQWORUVGHVRQMLKkGFRQWUHOHV)UDQoDLVjODGLIIpUHQFHGHVDXWUHVEUDQFKHV
DOJpULHQQHV GH OD 7LMkQL\\DK TXL GpMj VLQVFULYDLHQW GDQV XQH DWWLWXGH GH QRQ
HQJDJHPHQWWHPSRUHO3DUXQFXULHX[UHQYHUVHPHQWFHVWGXQHGHFHVEUDQFKHV
TXDSSDUDvWUD OH JUDQG FRQTXpUDQW DO+DMM 8PDU TXL QH PDQTXD SDV GH OXWWHU
FRQWUH ODYDQFpH FRORQLDOH IUDQoDLVH WDQGLV TXH OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK SHWLWILOV
VSLULWXHO GX &KHLNK 7DKDU VH UHIXVHUD j WRXWH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ GLUHFWH j ODFWLRQ
H[WpULHXUH $ WLWUH GH[HPSOH GXQH LQWHUYHQWLRQ FHWWH IRLV LQGLUHFWH GDQV OHV
pYpQHPHQWV H[WpULHXUV RQ SHXW FLWHU OH IDLW TXLO DYDLW WHQX j DLGHU
ILQDQFLqUHPHQWOD)UDQFHSHQGDQWOD3UHPLqUH*XHUUH $OLRXQH7UDRUpop. cit
S 


&RQVHLO GHV 6DLQWV LO IXW GpFLGp GHQYR\HU OH &KHLNK


0RKDPPDG/DNKGDUGDQVOHVGLIIpUHQWVWHUULWRLUHVG$IULTXH
DX VXG GX 6DKDUD DYHF XQH GRXEOH PLVVLRQ GXQH SDUW
UHFKHUFKHUFHOXLTXLUpXQLUDLWOHVVLJQHVDQQRQFpVGX4XWEHW
GDXWUH SDUW UDPHQHU WRXWHV OHV FRPPXQDXWpV 7LGMDQL TXLO
YLVLWHUDLWjODIRUPXOHGHVRQ]HJUDLQV/D7LGMDQL\DQD\DQW
SOXV GpVRUPDLV j SUHQGUH SDUW j DXFXQ FRPPDQGHPHQW
WHPSRUHOjDXFXQHDFWLRQH[WpULHXUHHOOHVHGHYDLWGHUHYHQLU
DX QRPEUH V\PEROLVDQW OD SXUH FRQWHPSODWLRQ HW OHV VHXOHV
YDOHXUVVSLULWXHOOHV
6LO IXW OH SUHPLHU j IDLUH DOOpJHDQFH DX MHXQH &KpULI
+DPDOOkK TXLO LGHQWLILD FRPPH OH Qub HW MRXD OH U{OHVRXV
FHUDSSRUWGXQSUHPLHUWpPRLQOH6D\\LGYLVLWDGXUDQWOHV
DQQpHV TXL SUpFpGqUHQW FHWWH UHQFRQWUH FUXFLDOH XQ QRPEUH
LPSRUWDQWGH]kZL\DVWLMkQLHVTXLOYLYLILDVXUOHSODQGRFWULQDO
SDU OHQVHLJQHPHQW GX OLYUH IRQGDWHXU GH ORUGUH OH Jawhir
al-manGRQWOHVIXTDUkDYDLHQWGHSXLVORQJWHPSVGpODLVVp
OpWXGH PDLV DXVVL VXU OH SODQ ULWXHO HQ GRQQDQW OH ZLUG
VHORQ OH[SUHVVLRQ FRXUDPPHQW XWLOLVpH HQ $IULTXH SRXU
GpVLJQHU OH UDWWDFKHPHQW LQLWLDWLTXH HW OD WUDQVPLVVLRQ GXQ
HQVHPEOHGRUDLVRQVHWFHGDQVODIRUPXOHGXRQ]HFHVW
jGLUH HQ PRGLILDQW OH QRPEUH GH UpFLWDWLRQV GH OXQH GHV
IRUPXOHVFHOOHGXQHSULqUHVXUOH3URSKqWHTXLSDVVDDLQVL
GH j  IRLV1RXVUHYLHQGURQVSOXVORLQVXUOHVUDLVRQVGH
FHWWH SHUPXWDWLRQ QXPpULTXH PDLV QRXV LQVLVWHURQV GqV j
SUpVHQW VXU ODVSHFW GH UpYROXWLRQ TXHOOH UHYrWLW DX VHLQ GX
PLFURFRVPH GH OD 7LMkQL\\DK DIULFDLQH DX PrPH WLWUH TXH OD
PDQLIHVWDWLRQIXOJXUDQWHGXQRXYHDX0DvWUHGHORUGUH
$ILQGHQHSDVSHUGUHGHYXHTXHWRXWFHTXLHVWGLW
GX PDFURFRVPH j VD FRUUHVSRQGDQFH GDQV OH PLFURFRVPH
RQ SRXUUDLW UDSSHOHU LFL DILQ GpWDEOLU XQ SRLQW GH MRQFWLRQ
HQWUH OHV GHX[ pYpQHPHQWV PHQWLRQQpV TXH GDQV
 /H 'LZkQ HVW XQH H[SUHVVLRQ LVODPLTXH GX &HQWUH VXSUrPH OHTXHO D OD
FKDUJH GX taarruf OH JRXYHUQHPHQW pVRWpULTXH GHV DIIDLUHV GX PRQGH Cf
0LFKHO9kOVDQ/HVKDXWVJUDGHVGHO(FRVVLVPHE.T 
$PDGRX+DPSkWp%kop. citS
,OVDJLWGHODSULqUHDSSHOpHJawharatu-l-Kaml OD3HUOHGHOD3HUIHFWLRQ 
 

OLQWURGXFWLRQ GH VRQ FpOqEUH WUDLWp OH Anq mughrib TXL


SUHQGUDGDQVOHFDGUHGHQRWUHpWXGHXQHYDOHXUH[HPSODLUH
,EQ$UDEvHQVHLJQH/RUVTXHMHPHQWLRQQHGDQVPHVOLYUHV
XQ GHV pYpQHPHQWV GX PRQGH H[WpULHXU PRQ EXW HVW
VLPSOHPHQW GpYHLOOHU OLQDWWHQWLI j FH TXL VH SURGXLW GDQV
OrWUH OLQWpULHXU GH O+RPPH al-Ayn al-insn  &HWWH
H[SUHVVLRQ HQ UDLVRQ GHV QRPEUHX[ VHQV GX WHUPH ayn
GpVLJQH DXVVL OLWWpUDOHPHQW OLO KXPDLQ TXL QHVW DXWUH
GDQV OH FRQWH[WH DNEDULHQ TXH OH qPH LO GH O+RPPH
SULPRUGLDO LO VRODLUH SDU OHTXHO FHOXLFL pFODLUH WRXV OHV
pYpQHPHQWV GDQV OD VLPXOWDQpLWp GH OpWHUQHO SUpVHQW FH TXH
FRQILUPHVDYDOHXUQXPpULTXHVRODLUH
6HORQ FHWWH SHUVSHFWLYH OH ULWH GH WUDQVPLVVLRQ GX
wird GRQW OH FDUDFWqUH LQLWLDWLTXH OH UDSSURFKH GX EDSWrPH
SULPRUGLDO FRQIpUDQW XQH QRXYHOOH QDLVVDQFH RX VHORQ
OpVRWpULVPH LVODPLTXH OD SHWLWH UpVXUUHFWLRQ al-qiymah alsughr  IHUD VXLWH j OD ILQ GX PRQGH V\PEROLTXH RX
HIIHFWLYH GH OrWUH LQGLYLGXHO TXL VHXOH LPSRUWH DX SRLQW GH
YXHLQLWLDWLTXH
/D UDFLQH WRD D SRXU VLJQLILFDWLRQ SUHPLqUH
GHVFHQGUH OD SHQWH SRXU DOOHU j OHDX VDEUHXYHU HW
VDSSOLTXHGDQVOHV\PEROLVPHSDVWRUDODXWURXSHDXYHQDQWVH
EDLJQHUHWVHGpVDOWpUHU$LQVLOHWHUPHwirdDYDQWGHGpVLJQHU
OH F\FOH GRUDLVRQ RX GLQFDQWDWLRQ GX ULWH LQLWLDWLTXH PDMHXU
GH OD YRLH VRXILH H[SULPH VHORQ OH Lisn al-Arab OHDX j
ODTXHOOH RQ DUULYH &HWWH UpJpQpUDWLRQ SDU OHDX DXVVL
VXEWLOHVRLWHOOHGDQVOHFDVGXUDWWDFKHPHQWLQLWLDWLTXHGRQQH
ODFFqVSDUOH wirdjXQHVRXUFHjODTXHOOHPDWLQHWVRLUVRXV
ODFRQGXLWHGHVRQ0DvWUHOHQpRSK\WHpW\PRORJLTXHPHQWOD
QRXYHOOH SODQWH  LUD VDEUHXYHU SRXU VH UpJpQpUHU PDLV
VXUWRXW SRXU V\PEROLTXHPHQW IOHXULU HW GRQQHU GHV IUXLWV
alynalinsan 
 OXQLWpGHVGHX[WHUPHV 
,EQ0DQ]RXULisn al-Arab9ROS



VSLULWXHOV(QHIIHWVRXVVDGHX[LqPHIRUPHODUDFLQH WRD
UpYqOH XQ ULFKH V\PEROLVPH YpJpWDO SXLVTXHOOH VLJQLILH
IOHXULUVHFRXYULUGHIOHXUV6LwardHVWODIOHXU nawr 
GHWRXWDUEUHHOOHHVWSOXVSUpFLVpPHQWHQFRUHODURVHFH
TXL SHUPHW GLQWHUSUpWHU OD VLJQLILFDWLRQ GX wird DX PR\HQ
GHV LGpHV TXLO JpQqUH FRPPH XQH LQWHUYHQWLRQ YLYLILDQWH
VLPLODLUH j FHOOH GH OD URVpH FpOHVWH GRQW OHV JRXWWHV HQ
WRPEDQW VXU OD URVH OD YLYLILHQW HW OD IRQW VpSDQRXLU
4XDQW j ORXYHUWXUH GHV SpWDOHV HOOH HVW VXJJpUpH DORUV SDU
FHOOH GHV F\FOHV LQFDQWDWRLUHV GX FKDSHOHW j OLQVWDU GX
URVDLUHFKUpWLHQTXLVHIRQGHVXUOHPrPHV\PEROLVPHTXL
GRLYHQW FRQGXLUH DX fat TXL HVW ORXYHUWXUH VSLULWXHOOH RX
HQFRUH OLOOXPLQDWLRQ 3UpFLVRQV LFL DILQ GH PLHX[
SHUFHYRLU OHV UHODWLRQV TXL XQLVVHQW OH V\PEROLVPH IORUDO j
FHOXL GH OD /XPLqUH PXKDPPDGLHQQH TXHQ DUDEH OD IOHXU
VRXV VD IRUPH nawr VH UDWWDFKH pW\PRORJLTXHPHQW j OD
OXPLqUH nr 6LODUDFLQH NWR VLJQLILHEULOOHUORQVDLWPRLQV
TXHVRXVVDGHX[LqPHIRUPHHOOHFRPSRUWHpJDOHPHQWOLGpH
GH IOHXULU rWUH HQ IOHXU PDLV DXVVL GH VpSDQRXLU HW
LOOXVWUH SDUIDLWHPHQW OD UHODWLRQ GH OrWUH UpFLSLHQGDLUH j OD
OXPLqUH TXL FRPPH OHDX TXL OXL HVW FRPSOpPHQWDLUH
GpWHUPLQH VRQ tanwr FHVWjGLUH VD IORUDLVRQ VRQ
 warrada/yuwarridu &HWWH GHX[LqPH IRUPH YHUEDOH GH YDOHXU LQWHQVLYH
SHXW GDQV FH FRQWH[WH rWUH PLVH HQ UHODWLRQ DYHF XQH GHX[LqPH SKDVH GX
SURFHVVXVLQLWLDWLTXHTXLWUDGXLWORSpUDWLYLWpGXULWH
,EQ0DQ]RXUibid
(OOHH[LVWHDXVVLVRXVODIRUPHwardah.
 Symboles fondamentaux FKDS  /HV DVVRQDQFHV GHV WHUPHV URVH HW
URVpH VXU OHVTXHOOHV MRXH 5HQp *XpQRQ GDQV VRQ DUWLFOH VRQW XQ H[HPSOH
VLJQLILFDWLIGHVDPDvWULVHGX1LUXNWDGRQWLOGLVWLOOHGHVH[HPSOHVWRXWDXORQJGH
VRQXYUHVRLWGLUHFWHPHQWVRLWSDUDOOXVLRQVXEWLOH$SURSRVGXV\PEROLVPH
GH OD IOHXU QRXV FLWRQV FHW DXWUH SDVVDJH GX PrPH FKDSLWUH 8Q DXWUH
V\PEROHTXLpTXLYDXWIUpTXHPPHQWjFHOXLGHODFRXSHHVWXQV\PEROHIORUDO
ODIOHXUHQHIIHWQpYRTXHWHOOHSDVSDUVDIRUPHOLGpHGXQUpFHSWDFOHHWQH
SDUOHWRQ SDV GX FDOLFH GXQH IOHXU" (Q 2ULHQW OD IOHXU V\PEROLTXH SDU
H[FHOOHQFH HVW OH ORWXV HQ 2FFLGHQW FHVW OH SOXV VRXYHQW OD URVH TXL MRXH OH
PrPHU{OH
&I.D]LPLUVNLDictionnaire Arabe franaisHW'DQLHO5HLJIbid
 

pSDQRXLVVHPHQWRXVRQLOOXPLQDWLRQ
/HVUHVVRXUFHVQXPpULTXHVRIIHUWHVSDUODODQJXHDUDEH
jWUDYHUVOpPLQHQWH6FLHQFHGHV1RPEUHVSHXYHQWFRQILUPHU
OD SHUVSHFWLYH TXH QRXV pYRTXRQV 'XQH PDQLqUH JpQpUDOH
RQUHPDUTXHUDTXjXQWHUPHVDWWDFKHXQHYDOHXUQXPpULTXH
VLPSOH RX XQH YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH TXL pFODLUH GDQV FHUWDLQV
FDV XQ DVSHFW SOXV HVVHQWLHO GX PRW PDLV TXL QH[FOXW
WRXWHIRLV SDV GDXWUHV SRVVLELOLWpV GH GpYHORSSHPHQW j XQ
VHFRQGGHJUpRXSOXVHQFRUH$WLWUHGLOOXVWUDWLRQVLOHWHUPH
tanwrSDUIDLWHPHQWDGDSWpSRXUH[SULPHUFHWWHLOOXPLQDWLRQ
SXLVTXLO D SRXU YDOHXU VLPSOH OH QRPEUH VRODLUH  FHVW
FHWWH IRLV OH GRXEOH GpYHORSSHPHQW QXPpULTXH GH ward RX
wird GRQW OD EDVH JUDSKLTXH HVW VWULFWHPHQW LGHQWLTXH TXL
SHUPHWWUDGHUpYpOHUFHWWHYDOHXUIRQGDPHQWDOHGH  VHORQ
XQSURFHVVXVTXLDSSDUDvWUDVRXVFHUDSSRUWFRPPH OXPLqUH
VXU OXPLqUH nr al nr   &HWWH LOOXPLQDWLRQ LQWpULHXUH
TXL UHSRVH VXU OH V\PEROLVPH HVFKDWRORJLTXH PDQLIHVWH GX
QRPEUH  QHVW DXWUH TXH OpSDQRXLVVHPHQW ILQDO VRXV
IRUPHGHURVHGHOrWUHjSDUWLUGHVRQD[HSRODLUHRXLFLGHVD
WLJH SRXU UHSUHQGUH OH V\PEROLVPH YpJpWDO HW TXH[SULPH
UHPDUTXDEOHPHQW OD IRUPXOH  [  ODTXHOOH SURGXLW OH
QRPEUH SRODURVRODLUH ELHQ FRQQX al-adad al-qub ashshams al-mashhr  VHORQ OH[SUHVVLRQ GH $EG DO%kTv
Ibid
 t n w y r  5DSSHORQVTXHOH
FDUDFWqUH pPLQHPPHQW VRODLUH GX QRPEUH  DpWpVLJQDOpSDU5HQp*XpQRQ
GDQVLe Roi du MondeFKDS
 ,O \ D SOXV LFL TXXQ VLPSOH MHX GH PRWV HQWUH FHV GHX[ WHUPHV GH
YRFDOLVDWLRQ GLIIpUHQWH FDU GDQV OHV WH[WHV DQFLHQV QRQ YRFDOLVpV LOV QH VRQW
TXXQHVHXOHHWPrPHUpDOLWp
 Wrd  waw rdl  waw alif waw r alif dl alif lm
                  6LJQDORQV TXH
0XKDPPDG9kOVDQDPRQWUpOHVSURSULpWpVUHPDUTXDEOHVGHFHWWHPpWKRGHGH
FDOFXODXVXMHWGHODOHWWUHEkTXLHVWODSUHPLqUHOHWWUHGX&RUDQHWOHFRQWLHQW
V\QWKpWLTXHPHQW %k HQ YDOHXU VLPSOH YDXW  HQ YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH  HW HQ
GRXEOHGpYHORSSHPHQW
Coran



PLIWkK
3DVVDQW GX VHQV QXPpULTXH j XQ VHQV SOXV OLWWpUDO GH
ward FHWWH LOOXPLQDWLRQ ILQDOH QH SHXW VH SURGXLUHHQUpDOLWp
SRXUOrWUHTXHOHVRLUROHFLHOSUHQGXQHWHLQWHURXJH
ayyah wardah  ORUVTXH URXJHRLH OKRUL]RQ >GH VRQ rWUH@
DX FRXFKHU RFFLGHQWDO GX VROHLO HW VHORQ OH &RUDQ
PrPH TXDQG OH FLHO VH IHQGUD HW GHYLHQGUD pFDUODWH
wardah  FRPPH OH FXLU URXJH  SXLVTXH OH F\FOH GH OrWUH
GHYUDQpFHVVDLUHPHQWrWUHFRQVRPPp(QHIIHWFHOXLTXLPHW
RSpUDWLYHPHQW HQ DFWH OH wird GpFOHQFKH DORUV ODFWLYLWp GX
wrid FHOXL TXL DUULYH GRQW OLGpH GH F\FOH DFFRPSOL VH
UHWURXYHGDQVODYDOHXUGpYHORSSpH GHFHWHUPH3DUOD
FRQFHQWUDWLRQREWHQXHSDUODFFRPSOLVVHPHQWGXULWHLOSHXW
DORUV UHFHYRLU OLQVSLUDWLRQ VXELWH RX OLGpH TXL VXUJLW
VSRQWDQpPHQW GDQV OHVSULW VLJQLILFDWLRQV TXL GpFRXOHQW GX
PrPH WHUPH UHPDUTXDEOH wrid FH TXL SHUPHW GLQWHUSUpWHU
FHWWH SURMHFWLRQ GDQV OD FRQVFLHQFH FRPPH ODUULYpH GX
0DKGv VRXV XQH PRGDOLWp SOXV LQWpULHXUH ODUULYpH
PHVVLDQLTXH GH FHOXLFL GDQV OrWUH UpFLSLHQGDLUH QpWDQW
ILQDOHPHQW TXXQH H[SUHVVLRQ SDUWLFXOLqUH GX Fat
O2XYHUWXUH VSLULWXHOOH 'DQV FHWWH SHUVSHFWLYH OH 0DvWUH
DNEDULHQ'DRXG4D\VDUvQKpVLWHUDSDVTXDQWjOXLjpYRTXHU
ODVSHFW VXSUrPH GH OD UpDOLVDWLRQ FRPPH OH OHYHU GX VROHLO
GHO(VVHQFH1RQ'XHOOHGXmaghribGXUpFHSWDFOHFUpH
$SUqV FH GpYHORSSHPHQW TXL QH QRXV DXUD pORLJQp
TXHQ DSSDUHQFH GH QRWUH VXMHW SXLVTXH QRXV YHUURQV SOXV
Mafti Fus al-hikamS0DUUDNHFK
.D]LPLUVNLDictionnaire arabe-franais9ROS
,EQ0DQ]RXUibid&HWKRUL]RQLQWpULHXUFRUUHVSRQGjODQDORJLHHQWUHOH
PDFURFRVPH HW OH PLFURFRVPH GpFULW GDQV OH YHUVHW 1RXV OHXU PRQWUHURQV
QRV VLJQHV GDQV OHV KRUL]RQV HW HQ HX[PrPHV MXVTXj FH TXLO OHXU GHYLHQQH
pYLGHQWTX,OHVWOD9pULWp  &RUDQ 
Coran
&RQIRUPpPHQWjODIRUPHJUDPPDWLFDOHGXQRPGDJHQWFRQVWUXLWVXUOH
VFKqPH fil. ,O GpVLJQH DORUV HQWUH DXWUH FHOXL TXL GHVFHQG j ODEUHXYRLU RX
TXLDUULYHGDQVXQOLHX
ward  
'DZG4D\VDUv Shar Fu al-pikamS
 

ORLQXQDXWUHDVSHFWGHODUHODWLRQLQWLPHGX&KHLNK+DPDOOkK
DYHF OH V\PEROLVPH LQLWLDWLTXH GH OD URVH QRXV UDSSHOOHURQV
TXH OD SUpVpDQFH GX 6D\\LG DO$NKGDU j OD IRLV GDQV OD
IRQFWLRQ EDSWLVPDOH HW GDQV OH WpPRLJQDJH OH UDSSURFKH j
OpYLGHQFH GXQ VDLQW -HDQ %DSWLVWH DUFKpW\SLTXH OH YLYDQW
SDU H[FHOOHQFH TXL DVVXPD OH U{OH SUpSDUDWHXU j ODFWLRQ
SXEOLTXH GX 6DXYHXU HW TXL IXW DLQVL DQQRQFp 9RLFL
MHQYRLH PRQ PHVVDJHU GHYDQW WD IDFH TXL SUpSDUHUD WD YRLH
GHYDQW WRL $ OLPDJH GX SUpFXUVHXU LO WUDQVPLW OH
UDWWDFKHPHQWEDSWLVPDOGX wirdDYDQWGHOXLIDLUHjVRQWRXU
DOOpJHDQFH &RPPH RQ ODXUD FRPSULV 6D\\LG 0XKDPPDG
DO$NKGDU IXW LQWLPHPHQW OLp j OD 9LH HW VSpFLDOHPHQW j VRQ
UHSUpVHQWDQW SDU H[FHOOHQFH <DK\ HW ORQ SHXW VDQV SHLQH
LPDJLQHU FH YpQpUDEOH &KHLNK 9HUW al-Akhdar  UHYLYLILDQW
WHO OH YHUGR\DQW .KLGU FHW DXWUH YLYDQW OHV FRQWUpHV
GpVROpHV GHV FXUV HW SUpSDUDQW OHV rWUHV UpFLSLHQGDLUHV j
UHFHYRLUODOXPLqUHHWODSOXLHVSLULWXHOOHVTXLOHXUSHUPHWWURQW
ODIORUDLVRQGHO(VSULW
$ODVXLWHGHFHOXLGRQWLOIXWWRXWjODIRLVOH0DvWUHHW
GLVFLSOHOHMHXQH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKTXLSRUWDRIILFLHOOHPHQW
OD FKDUJH GH VRQ LQVLJQH IRQFWLRQ j OD PRUW GX &KHLNK DO
 6XU OD IRQFWLRQ GH VDLQW -HDQ cf OpWXGH GH 0XKDPPDG 9kOVDQ 5HQp
*XpQRQGHOD6DXOD\H
 Cf 0DWKLHX   'DQV VD WKqVH GH 'RFWRUDW %RXNDU\ 6DYDGRJR D
SUHVVHQWL OHV UDSSRUWV TXH QRXV HQYLVDJHRQV TXDQG LO UDSSHOOH TXH OD
VXEVWLWXWLRQ GHV U{OHV HQWUH /DNKGDU HW +DPDKRXOODK SUpVHQWpH SDU OHV
GLIIpUHQWHVVRXUFHVHWHQWRXUpHGHOpJHQGHHVWXQPRGqOHTXLGpSDVVHOHFDGUH
GHO,VODPHWTXHORQUHWURXYHGDQVOHFKULVWLDQLVPHPDLVHQUHYDQFKHLOIRUFH
OHV\PEROLVPHTXDQGLOGLWTXHSHQGDQWXQWHPSV-pVXVIXWXQGLVFLSOHGH-HDQ
OH%DSWLVWH>@DYDQWGrWUHGpVLJQpFRPPH)LOV%LHQDLPpGH'LHXDXFRXUVGH
VRQ EDSWrPH op. cit 9RO  SS   6DQV DERQGHU GDQV FH VHQV ORQ
SHXW WRXWHIRLV FRPSUHQGUH FHWWH LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ TXL QH VHPEOH SDV DYRLU GH
VRXUFHVVFULSWXUDLUHVWDQWLOHVWYUDLTXHVDQVFRQWUHGLWFHVWOLQIpULHXUTXLHVW
EpQLSDUOHVXSpULHXU (SvWUHDX[+pEUHX[ 
2QSHXWWURXYHUGHVLOOXVWUDWLRQVGHSRVVLELOLWpVH[FHSWLRQQHOOHVGHFHW\SH
SDUH[HPSOHGDQVOHFDVG,EQ$UDEvRXGHO(PLU$EGDO4kGLUTXLVHPLUHQW
DXVHUYLFHGHQRPEUHX[0DvWUHVSRXUSDUFRXULUODYRLHGRQWLOVDYDLHQWSRXUWDQW
UpDOLVpOHEXWILQDOSDUDWWUDFWLRQGLYLQH jadhb 


$NKGDUHQDIILUPDDYHFODPrPHpQHUJLHOHEXWILQDOTXH
VH SURSRVDLW OD 9RLH FHVWjGLUH OD UpDOLVDWLRQ GH O,GHQWLWp
6XSUrPH HW GRQQD pJDOHPHQW FRPPH RQ SHXW OH SUHVVHQWLU
WRXV OHV PR\HQV G\ DFFpGHU WDQW GDQV ORUGUH ULWXHO SDU OD
WUDQVPLVVLRQ GHV awrd TXH GDQV ORUGUH GRFWULQDO SDU
OHQVHLJQHPHQWHQWUHDXWUHVGHODGRFWULQHPpWDSK\VLTXHGHOD
Wadat al-Wujd H[SUHVVLRQ SXUHPHQW DNEDULHQQH GH
ODVSHFW VXSUrPH GH 5pDOLVDWLRQ PpWDSK\VLTXH GH O+RPPH
8QLYHUVHO Dl-Insn al-Kmil  8Q H[HPSOH pGLILDQW GH
OHQVHLJQHPHQW GH FHWWH GRFWULQH VH WURXYH GDQV XQ GHV SOXV
FpOqEUHV SRqPHV GH OD +DPDZL\\DK FHOXL GX &KHLNK
0XKDPPDG DO$PvQ TXL HQ  SRLQWV H[SRVH GH PDQLqUH
V\QWKpWLTXHWRXWHODGRFWULQHLQLWLDWLTXHGHORUGUHKDPDZv1RXV
OHSUpVHQWRQVHQDQQH[HGHQRWUHpWXGHFRPPHXQWpPRLJQDJH
H[FHSWLRQQHO SRXU O2FFLGHQW GH OD SUpVHQFH YLYLILDQWH GH OD
GRFWULQHDNEDULHQQHHQ$IULTXHGHORXHVW



 &I ,EQ 0k] op. cit SS  j  6XU OD Wadat al-Wujd YRLU SDU
H[HPSOH OHV SRLQWV  HW  /D GRFWULQH GH OD Wadat al-Wujd SURIHVVpH SDU
FHUWDLQV 0DvWUHV 7LMkQvV IXW DUGHPPHQW FRPEDWWXH SDU OHV DGYHUVDLUHV
H[RWpULVWHV GH OD 7LMkQL\\DK HW IDLW VLJQLILFDWLI HOOH IXW OH SUHPLHU SRLQW GH OD
ORQJXHOLVWHGHOHXUVFRQGDPQDWLRQV cf-HDQ/RXLV7ULDXG/D7LMkQL\\DYRLH
LQIDLOOLEOHRXYRLHVRXILHLQYHQWpHLQLa TijniyyaSQRWH 
 2Q QRWHUD LFL DYHF LQWpUrW TXH FHWWH GRFWULQH GH O8QLFLWp GH O(WUH TXL
FRQQXWXQUD\RQQHPHQWFHUWDLQGDQVOHVGLYHUVHVEUDQFKHVGHOD7LMkQL\\DKIXW
pJDOHPHQWH[SRVpHGqV  HQ)UDQFHSDU5HQp*XpQRQGDQVGHVDUWLFOHVGHOD
UHYXH La Gnose TXLFRQWLHQGURQWHQJHUPHWRXVOHVGpYHORSSHPHQWVXOWpULHXUV
GX Symbolisme de la CroixOLYUHFRQVLGpUpFRPPHFHQWUDOGDQVVRQXYUHSDU
0LFKHO 9kOVDQ &HW pEORXLVVDQW WUDYDLO WHFKQLTXH GDGDSWDWLRQ j OLQWHOOLJLELOLWp
RFFLGHQWDOH GXQH GRFWULQH TXL WURXYH VRQ IRQGHPHQW GDQV OD SOXV KDXWH
0pWDSK\VLTXHGHOpVRWpULVPHLVODPLTXHIXWXQHSURYLGHQWLHOOHH[WpULRULVDWLRQGH
VDSURSUHUpDOLVDWLRQLQWpULHXUH'DQVXQHSHUVSHFWLYHDQDORJXHOHPDJLVWqUHGX
&KHLNK+DPDOOkKTXLSURFqGHGXQHPrPHJpQpUDWLRQVSRQWDQpHHVWPDUTXp
GXV\PEROHXQLYHUVHOGHOD&URL[HWGHOHQVHLJQHPHQWTXLHQGpFRXOH


 

  !  "


D TXHVWLRQ GH OD 6FLHQFH GHV 1RPV D pWp DERUGpH GqV
ODUWLFOH LQDXJXUDO GX SUHPLHU QXPpUR GH Science sacre
Iqra &HWWH VFLHQFH UHSRVDQW VXU OH V\PEROLVPH GHV
OHWWUHV HW GHV QRPEUHV RFFXSH XQH SODFH FHQWUDOH GDQV OD
PpWKRGRORJLH VDFUpH SURSRVpH SDU FHWWH UHYXH FRPPH RQ D
SX OH FRQVWDWHU GDQV VHV GLIIpUHQWV DUWLFOHV QRWDPPHQW FHX[
GH 0XKDPPDG 9kOVDQ TXL HQ D pWp SRXU DLQVL GLUH
OLQLWLDWHXU /D SHUVSHFWLYH XQLYHUVHOOH RXYHUWH SDU FHWWH
VFLHQFHLQpGLWHjSOXVGXQWLWUHGRLWSHUPHWWUHGHSHUFHYRLU
SDU XQH DSSOLFDWLRQ ULJRXUHXVH PDLV QRQ V\VWpPDWLTXH OHV
VWUXFWXUHV DUFKpW\SDOHV VDFUpHV DX[TXHOOHV VLGHQWLILHQW OHV
rWUHV GH UpDOLVDWLRQ HW a fortiori GHV GRFWULQHV TXL HQ
SURFqGHQW ORUVTXH FHX[FL RQW OD FKDUJH GHQVHLJQHPHQW
/,GHQWLWp6XSUrPHGX&KpULI+DPDOOkKTXLWpPRLJQHGHVRQ
pWDWHWODQDWXUHGHVDIRQFWLRQGRLYHQWGRQFVHUpYpOHUGDQV
WRXWH OHXU SOpQLWXGH GDQV VRQ QRP LQLWLDWLTXH $YDQW
GDERUGHU XQ H[DPHQ GpWDLOOp GH FHOXLFL LO LPSRUWH GH
UDSSHOHUOHVFRQGLWLRQVGHVRQLQYHVWLWXUHDLQVLTXHOHVVLJQHV
TXL ORQWSUpFpGpHHWFHjWUDYHUVTXHOTXHVUHPDUTXHVVXUOD
IRQFWLRQSRODLUH
/HV PRPHQWVFOHIV TXL MDORQQHQW OD YLH GHV JUDQGHV
ILJXUHVVSLULWXHOOHVVRQWOHVWUDFHVGDQVOHWHPSVGpYpQHPHQWV
TXL DSSDUWLHQQHQW j GDXWUHV pWDWV GH[LVWHQFH HW pFKDSSHQW
GqV ORUV SDU QDWXUH DX WHPSV (Q HIIHW LOV GRLYHQW
QpFHVVDLUHPHQW VH UHIOpWHU GDQV QRWUH PRQGH HQ YHUWX GHV
FRUUHVSRQGDQFHVDQDORJLTXHVH[LVWDQWHQWUHWRXVOHVSODQVGH
OH[LVWHQFH XQLYHUVHOOH &HV FRQVLGpUDWLRQV GRLYHQW QRXV
SHUPHWWUH GDVVHQWLU SDU XQH WUDQVSRVLWLRQ DGpTXDWH OH SODQ
SXUHPHQW PpWDSK\VLTXH VXU OHTXHO YRQW VH UHQFRQWUHU OH
3UpFXUVHXUHWOH3{OHGHO([LVWHQFH Qub al-Wujd 6LOH
&KHLNK /DNKGDU HW j DFFRPSOLU XQH SpUpJULQDWLRQ GH 
DQQpHV DX FRXUV GXQ YpULWDEOH ULWH FLUFXPDPEXODWRLUH TXL
GHYDLW ILQDOHPHQW OH UDPHQHU DX FHQWUH VRLWGLW VSLULWXHO

SciencesacreQRVMXLOOHWDRW


UHSUpVHQWp SDU 1LRUR VRQ SDUFRXUV LQWpULHXU IXW XQH


UHPRQWpH D[LDOH MXVTXDX SULQFLSH GH WRXWH PDQLIHVWDWLRQ
SXLVXQHSORQJpHGDQVORFpDQVDQVULYDJHGHO(VVHQFHGLYLQH
1DWLO SDV j OLQVWDU GX &KHLNK DO$NEDU UHQFRQWUDQW VRQ
DOWHUpJROHMHXQH+RPPHpWHUQHOjODQJOHGHODSLHUUHQRLUH
GHODKaabah DSUqVOHVWRXUVDFFRPSOLVUHFRQQXOHEXWILQDO
GH VRQ ORQJ SpULSOH LQLWLDWLTXH ORLVHDX UDUH OH llah almanshdah GpWHQWHXU GH OD P\VWpULHXVH qubniyyah HQ
XQ MHXQH DGROHVFHQW GH  DQV GH VXUFURvW RUSKHOLQ GH
SqUH"3DXO0DUW\TXLYLVLWD1LRURHQ GpFULUDOHMHXQH
&KHLNK +DPDOODK HQ FHV WHUPHV JUDQG PLQFH j OD ILJXUH
 6HORQ +DPSkWp %k OH &KHLNK HQYR\p HQ  SDUFRXUX O(J\SWH OH
6RXGDQDQJORpJ\SWLHQOH7FKDGOH1LJHUHWHQILQDUULYDDX6RXGDQ)UDQoDLV,O
WUDYHUVD %DQGLDJDUD ORQJHD OH IOHXYH 1LJHU MXVTXH %DPDNR SXLV HQILQ HQWUD
GDQVODYLOOHGH1LRURHQ&RPPHRQSHXWOHFRQVWDWHUVRQSDUFRXUVWUDoD
XQHLPPHQVHERXFOHVHORQXQHFLUFXPDPEXODWLRQVRODLUHjWUDYHUVOHVGHX[SD\V
GLWVEODQFHWQRLU
1RXVUHSUHQRQVLFLOH[SUHVVLRQPrPHGX&KHLNK/DNKGkUVHORQOHUpFLW
TXHQ D IDLW ,EQ 0Xk] /H WHUPH allh TXL VLJQLILH OLWWpUDOHPHQW OH EXW
UHFKHUFKp OREMHW GHV GpVLUV HVW LVVX FXULHXVHPHQW GH OD UDFLQH kLL
VpJDUHU QH SDV DUULYHU DX EXW Maallah HVW OH ODE\ULQWKH  &H WHUPH
FXULHX[QRXVSHUPHWSDUVRQDPELYDOHQFHPrPHGHFRQFHYRLUODTXrWHUpXVVLH
GX &KHLNK /DNKGkU FRPPH XQ LPPHQVH SDUFRXUV j WUDYHUV OH ODE\ULQWKH
LQLWLDWLTXHGHO([LVWHQFHHWGRQWOHWHUPHILQDOHQHVWOH3{OH
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop. cit.S,EQ0Xk]op. citS
&KHLNK+DPDOOkKSHUGLWVRQSqUHDORUVTXLODYDLWFLQTDQVHWORQUDSSRUWH
TXLOJUDQGLWRUSKHOLQ yatman pGXTXpSDUVDPqUH ,EQ0Xk]op. citS 
(Q DUDEH OH WHUPH yatm RUSKHOLQ VLJQLILH pJDOHPHQW VHXO XQLTXH
LQFRPSDUDEOH HW ORQ HQ IDLW WUqV SUpFLVpPHQW XQ V\QRQ\PH GH fard
.D]LPLUVNL Dictionnaire Arabe-Franais 9RO  S   6L ORQ VDLW TXH FH
GHUQLHUWHUPHfardRXfardHVWXQHGpVLJQDWLRQGHODVSHFWVXSUrPHHWFDFKpGX
3{OH RQ SHXW GqV ORUV FRPSUHQGUH OH OLHQ SURIRQG TXL XQLW FHWWH IRQFWLRQ
XQLTXH j OXQ GH VHV VLJQHV SUpFXUVHXUV VLJQH DWWHVWp HW FRQVWDQW SRXU GH
QRPEUHX[ FDV VSLULWXHOV QRWDPPHQW SURSKpWLTXHV 0RQVLHXU -LOODOL (O$GQDQL
UDSSHOOHRSSRUWXQpPHQWjSURSRVGHORUSKHOLQDJHGX&KHLNK$KPDG7LMkQv Cf
+%DUUkGD op. citS TXHGHOHQIDQWRUSKHOLQjOHQIDQWGLYLQLOQ\D
TXXQ SDV HW FLWH DO+DVDQ DO<XVv TXL GLVDLW DSUqV OD PRUW GH VHV SDUHQWV
'DQVOpWDWGRUSKHOLQLO\DUXSWXUHGHVUDSSRUWVHWFHVWODERQQHYRLHSRXUVH
FRQVDFUHUj'LHX La TijniyyaS1RXVUHSUHQRQVODWUDGXFWLRQGH0U(O
$GQDQLHQODPRGLILDQWOpJqUHPHQW 
 

MHXQH UDVpH RX LPEHUEH HW FRPSOqWHPHQW QRLUH il donne


limpression dun adolescent 1RXV UHWLHQGURQV
SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW FH WpPRLJQDJH FDU QRXV VRPPHV SHUVXDGpV
TXH OLPSUHVVLRQ TXH ILW OH &KHLNK OHTXHO DYDLW DORUV
GpSDVVpVDqPHDQQpHVXUOHIRQFWLRQQDLUHFRORQLDOWUDGXLWXQ
pOpPHQW SOXV VXEWLO TXH OD VLPSOH DSSDUHQFH SK\VLTXH HW TXL
SURFqGHHQUpDOLWpGHVDQDWXUHVSLULWXHOOHGH FatFHVWjGLUH
GH-RXYHQFHDXpWHUQHO
$ OD VXLWH GX YLHX[ &KHLNK /DNKGDU GHV KRPPHV GH
PDWXULWp VSLULWXHOOH RX PrPH GHV 0DvWUHV DFFRPSOLV
GpPLQHQWVMXULVWHVGHVSRqWHVLQVSLUpVGHVFKHIVQREOHVGHV
JUDQGHV WULEXV JXHUULqUHV HW PDUDERXWLTXHV GH 0DXULWDQLH
PDLV VXUWRXW GHV KRPPHV VLQFqUHV DSSDUWHQDQW j GHV
FRQGLWLRQV WUqV GLYHUVHV VH UDVVHPEOHURQW GDQV XQH
UHFRQQDLVVDQFH FRPPXQH GH OD 6HLJQHXULH GLYLQH GRQW OH
MHXQH $KPDG VHUD OH VXSSRUW GpOHFWLRQ 6H FRQIRUPDQW j
O$UFKpW\SH SURSKpWLTXH HQ GHYHQDQW XQ YpULWDEOH VHLJQHXU
GHV WULEXV OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK WUDQVFHQGHUD OHV WULEXV
VDKDULHQQHV DLQVL TXH OHV GLYHUVHV FRXFKHV HWKQLTXHV
IRUWHPHQW KLpUDUFKLVpHV GH OD VRFLpWp DIULFDLQH &H
SKpQRPqQH LQpGLW WRXW FRPPH OD IXOJXUDQWH H[SDQVLRQ GH
ORUGUH QH PDQTXD SDV GH IUDSSHU OHV REVHUYDWHXUV WpPRLQV
GHORXYHUWXUHH[FHSWLRQQHOOHGXMHXQH0DvWUHVXUO8QLYHUVHO
SDU OD SOHLQH SRVVHVVLRQ GH VD QDWXUH FpOHVWH &HFL SHXW
SHUPHWWUHGHFRPSUHQGUHOHVUDLVRQVSRXUOHVTXHOOHV&KHLNK
+DPDKRXOODK VXVFLWDLW WDQW GH YpQpUDWLRQ DLQVL TXH OHV
PRWLYDWLRQV HW OHV DVSLUDWLRQV GHV JHQV TXL GpVHUWDLHQW OHV
EXUHDX[OHVpFROHVOHVPDUFKpVSRXUODFFODPHUDYDQWGHVH
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop. cit.S&HVWQRXVTXLVRXOLJQRQV
6RQDVFHQGDQFHSHXKOSDUVDPqUH$VVD'LDOORPDXUHHWFKpULILHQQHSDU
VRQ SqUH 0XKDPPDG EHQ 8PDU DLQVL TXH VHV QRPEUHXVHV DOOLDQFHV
PDWULPRQLDOHVFRQWUDFWpHVDYHFFHVGLYHUVHVWULEXVFRQWULEXHURQWjXQLILHUVHORQ
XQRUGUHULJRXUHX[ODFRPPXQDXWpVSLULWXHOOHpWDEOLHDXWRXUGHOXL(QHIIHWVL
ORQ\UHJDUGHGHSOXVSUqVRQVDSHUoRLWTXHFHVRQWSUpFLVpPHQWOHVFKHIVGHV
WULEXV UHSUpVHQWDQW UHVSHFWLYHPHQW ORUGUH VDFHUGRWDO HW UR\DO TXL OXL ILUHQW
DOOpJHDQFH4XDQWDX[DXWUHVFDVWHVLOHVWUHPDUTXDEOHGHYRLUTXHODFDVWHGHV
DQFLHQVHVFODYHVrymayybeVDWWDFKHUDSURIRQGpPHQWDX6KpULIGH1LRUR


ERXVFXOHU comme autour de la Kaaba, dans le seul but de lui


serrer la main et de toucher ses vtements  (QHIIHWFHVW
HQ YpULWDEOHV SqOHULQV TXH GHV KRPPHV VSLULWXHOV YHQXV GHV
TXDWUH FRLQV GH O$IULTXH GH O2XHVW YLHQGURQW IDLUH
DOOpJHDQFHDXMHXQHKRPPHSDUOHSDFWHLQLWLDWLTXHjOLPDJH
GHWRXVFHX[TXLj/D0HNNHSRVHQWOHXUPDLQHWHPEUDVVHQW
OD3LHUUHQRLUHGHOD Kaabah. 8QHWHOOHDWWLWXGHHQODTXHOOH
OHV MXULFRQVXOWHV DYHXJOHV YR\DLHQW XQH UpVXUJHQFH GH
OLGROkWULHIXWELHQDXFRQWUDLUHXQHPDQLIHVWDWLRQSDWHQWHGH
FHWWH YpQpUDWLRQ GHV 0DvWUHV TXL QHVW DXWUH TXH OD
YpQpUDWLRQ G$OOkK VHORQ OHQVHLJQHPHQW G,EQ $UDEv /H
&KHLNKDO$NEDUDERUGHFHWWHTXHVWLRQGHODOOpJHDQFHDX3{OH
GX7HPSVGDQVODSUHPLqUHSDUWLHGXFKDSLWUHGHVFutt
6XUODGHPHXUHGXSDFWHGHVSODQWHVDYHFOH3{OHOH0DvWUH
GH O,QVWDQW HQ WRXW WHPSV 6DFKH HW TX$OOkK WH SUrWH
PDLQ IRUWH TXH OH SDFWH XQLYHUVHO HVW XQH SUpURJDWLYH
 IbidS1HYRLWRQGDQVFHUDVVHPEOHPHQWDXWRXUGXQHH[SUHVVLRQGH
OD Kaabah OD UHFRQVWLWXWLRQ YLYDQWH HW LQWpJUDOH GH O+RPPH 8QLYHUVHO VHORQ
ORUGRQQDQFHPHQW ULJRXUHX[ GHWRXWHVVHVIDFXOWpVWDQWVSLULWXHOOHVSV\FKLTXHV
TXH SK\VLTXHV" 1RXV VLJQDOHURQV LFL VDQV SOXV GH SUpFLVLRQV TXH OH &KHLNK
GDQV VRQ HQVHLJQHPHQW GpYHORSSHUD XQ VFKpPD JpRPpWULTXH GH O+RPPH
8QLYHUVHOIRQGpVXUSRLQWVFRUUHVSRQGDQWjWRXWHVFHVIDFXOWpV,O\DOjSRXU
UHSUHQGUH OHV WHUPHV GH 5HQp *XpQRQ XQH FRQVWLWXWLRQ FRPSDUDEOH j FHOOH
GXQ rWUH YLYDQW FRPSOHW DYHF XQ FRUSV TXL HVW OH VXSSRUW >@ XQH kPH
TXL HVW OD IRUFH FROOHFWLYH HW XQ HVSULW TXL HVW QDWXUHOOHPHQW OLQIOXHQFH
VSLULWXHOOH DJLVVDQW H[WpULHXUHPHQW SDU OH PR\HQ GHV GHX[ DXWUHV pOpPHQWV
Aperus sur lInitiationFKDS 
 /D WUDGLWLRQ KDPDZvH WDQW GpFULpH SDU OHV H[RWpULVWHV GH WRXW ERUG TXL
YHXWTXHOHSqOHULQDJHj1LRURVRLWXQpTXLYDOHQWGX3qOHULQDJHj/D0HNNHRX
PrPH OXL VRLW VXSpULHXU QH SHXW VH FRPSUHQGUH TXH GDQV FHWWH SHUVSHFWLYH
LQLWLDWLTXH ,O HQ HVWGHPrPHGXPLUDFOH karmah TXLOXLHVWDWWULEXpGDYRLU
ODSRVVLELOLWpHIIHFWXHUOHSqOHULQDJHVDQVTXLWWHUVD]kZL\DK %6DYDGRJRop.
citS SXLVTXLOHVWGHYHQXOXLPrPHOHSURSUHEXWGXSqOHULQDJH
,OSUpFLVHTXHFHWWHGHPHXUHIDLWSDUWLHGHODGLJQLWpPXKDPPDGLHQQH
8QWHOVRXKDLWGHERQQHDXJXUHGHODSDUWGX&KHLNKDO$NEDUTXLRXYUH
DLQVL FH FKDSLWUH FRPPH GH QRPEUHX[ DXWUHV GDLOOHXUV WRXW DX ORQJ GHV
FuttSUHQGLFLWRXWHVDIRUFHSXLVTXHODLGHG$OOkKGHPDQGpHQHVWDXWUH
TXH FHOOH GX UDWWDFKHPHQW XQLYHUVHO GRQW LO HVW TXHVWLRQ GDQV OH FKDSLWUH
0XKDPPDG9kOVDQDVLJQDOpOLGHQWLWpjODIRLVGXUDGLFDOHWGHVDVLJQLILFDWLRQ
 

H[FOXVLYHGHO8QLTXHGX7HPSVFDUO8QLTXHGX7HPSV
HVW FHOXL TXL VH PDQLIHVWH DYHF OD )RUPH GLYLQH SDUPL OHV
rWUHV&HVWVRQVLJQHGLVWLQFWLISURSUHSRXUTXHORQSXLVVHOH
UHFRQQDvWUH 'H SOXV LO D OH FKRL[ GH PDQLIHVWHU FH VWDWXW
>GLYLQ@RXGHQHSDVOHIDLUH>@3DUPL>OHV3{OHV@LO\DFHOXL
TXL OH PDQLIHVWH HW FHOXL TXL QH OH IDLW SDV &H GHUQLHU UHVWH
DLQVL VHUYLWHXU j PRLQV TXH OH 9UDL QH OXL RUGRQQH GH
PDQLIHVWHU FH VWDWXW $ORUV LO OH[WpULRULVH j OD PHVXUH GH FH
TXH OXL FRPPDQGH O2UGUH GLYLQ VDQV \ DMRXWHU TXRL TXH FH
VRLW&HFLHVWODVWDWLRQVXEOLPHVXUODTXHOOHRQVDSSXLHGDQV
FHWWHYRLHFDUHQUpDOLWpOHVHUYLWHXUGDQVVDQDWXUHSURIRQGH
DpWpFUpHSRXU$OOkK,OHVWVHUYLWHXUSRXUWRXMRXUVHWQDSDV
pWpFUpHSRXUrWUH6HLJQHXU'HFHIDLWORUVTXH$OOkKOHUHYrW
GH OD UREH GKRQQHXU GH 6D 6HLJQHXULH Siydah  HW OXL
RUGRQQHGHODIDLUHDSSDUDvWUHLOVHPRQWUHVHUYLWHXUGDQVVRQ
rWUHLQGLYLGXHO6HLJQHXU Sayyid SRXUOREVHUYDWHXUH[WpULHXU
(WFHFLHVWODSDUXUHGRPLQLFDOHGRQWVRQ6HLJQHXU Rabb OD
UHYrWX 2Q D LQWHUURJp $E <D]LG DO%LVWkPv 4X$OOkK OXL
IDVVHPLVpULFRUGH jSURSRVGHVKRPPHVTXLOHWRXFKDLHQWHW
j TXL LO DFFRUGDLW DLQVL XQH EpQpGLFWLRQ ,O D UpSRQGX FH
QHVW SDV PRL TXLOV WRXFKHQW (Q UpDOLWp LOV WRXFKHQW OD
SDUXUHGRQWPDRUQpPRQ6HLJQHXU'RLVMHOHVHPSrFKHUGH
WRXFKHU XQH SDUXUH TXL QHVW SDV PLHQQH" 'H PrPH RQ D
GHPDQGpj$E0DGLDQVLOUHVVHQWDLWTXHOTXHHIIHWGHVJHQV
TXLYHQDLHQWOXLVHUUHUODPDLQGDQVOLQWHQWLRQGHUHFHYRLUOD
barakah HW TXLO ODLVVDLW IDLUH ,O UpSRQGLW /D 3LHUUH 1RLUH
UHVVHQWHOOH TXHOTXH HIIHW TXL OD IHUDLW VRUWLU GH VD QDWXUH
PLQpUDOH DORUV TXHOOH D SRXUWDQW DFFXHLOOL >OHV PDLQV@ GHV
(QYR\pVHWGHV3URSKqWHVHWTXHOOHHVWOD0DLQGURLWHG$OOkK
VXU WHUUH" 1RQ ,O GLW DORUV 0RL MH VXLV FHWWH 3LHUUH
1RLUH$OOkK H[DOWpVRLW,O DGLWDXVXMHWGHFHWWHVWDWLRQ
&HX[TXLIRQWOHSDFWHDYHFWRLHQYpULWpIRQWOHSDFWHDYHF
$OOkK  ,O D QLp >OD UpDOLWp GX SDFWH IDLW DYHF OH 3URSKqWH@
HQWUH OD UDFLQH DUDEH AYD SUrWHU PDLQIRUWHHWOHPRWIUDQoDLV$,'HU OH
WHUPHyadVLJQLILDQWSUpFLVpPHQWODPDLQ SciencesacreQRVS 
Coran


DSUqVODYRLUSRXUWDQWDIILUPpIRUPHOOHPHQWFRPPHLOODIDLW
SRXU OD SRLJQpH MHWpH SDU OpTXLYDOHQFH GH ODIILUPDWLRQ HW
GH OD QpJDWLRQ &H QHVW SDV WRL TXL D ODQFp ORUVTXH WX DV
ODQFpPDLVFHVW$OOkKTXLDODQFp 'HODPrPHPDQLqUH
ORUVGXSDFWH$OOkKDSRVp6D0DLQDXGHVVXVGHVGHX[PDLQV
yadayn GHVSDUWLFLSDQWV
/HVUDSSRUWVHQYLVDJpVLFLSDUOH&KHLNKDO$NEDUHQWUH
OD0DLQGLYLQHHWOD3LHUUH1RLUHGDQVOHXULGHQWLWpHVVHQWLHOOH
DYHFOH3{OHUHSRVHQWVXUXQV\PEROLVPHQXPpULTXHSRODLUH
TXL VRXVWHQG HQ UpDOLWp WRXW OH SDVVDJH GX FKDSLWUH HQ
TXHVWLRQ FRPPH HQ WpPRLJQH VD FRUUHVSRQGDQFH GDQV
ORUGUH GHV manzil DYHF OD VRXUDWH al-Fat TXL RFFXSH OD
qPH SRVLWLRQ GDQV ORUGUH FKURQRORJLTXH GH OD 5pYpODWLRQ
7RXW GDERUG QRXV DWWLUHURQV ODWWHQWLRQ VXU SRODULWp GH
OH[SUHVVLRQ FRUDQLTXH Yad Allh TXL D SRXU YDOHXU  HQ
WHQDQWFRPSWHGHWRXWHVOHVOHWWUHVGX1RP AllhHQSRVLWLRQ
GDQQH[LRQ ifah  &HWWH YDOHXU HVW SUpFLVpPHQW FHOOH GX
Coran
 Futt9ROS,OIDLWLFLUpIpUHQFHjODVXLWHGXYHUVHWFLWp /D
0DLQG$OOkKHVWDXGHVVXVGHOHXUVPDLQV 
 y d a l l l a h  
 5DSSHORQV TXH OH 1RP GH 0DMHVWp Ismu-l-Jallah SHXW rWUH FRQoX VRLW
FRPPHLQYDULDEOH jmi VRLWFRPPHGpULYpHWDORUVLOHVWFRQVLGpUpFRPPHOD
FRQWUDFWLRQGH al-IlhHQ Allh,OQ\DSDVOjGHFRQWUDGLFWLRQDEVROXHHQWUHOHV
GHX[ SRVLWLRQV VL ORQ UHQYRLH FKDFXQH GHV GHX[ DSSURFKHV DX SODQ
PpWDSK\VLTXHFRUUHVSRQGDQWFHVWjGLUHjO(VVHQFHDEVROXHVDQVUHODWLRQ adhDht al-Aadiyyah al-Mulaqah RjOD)RQFWLRQGH'LYLQLWp al-Ulhah 3RXU
FHWWH UDLVRQ QRXV FRPSWRQV LFL HQ SOXV OH SUHPLHU lm  pFULW PDLV QRQ
SURQRQFpGHODUWLFOH tarf TXLVXELWODVVLPLODWLRQ idghmSDUOHVHFRQGlm
OHWWUH VRODLUH  DPHQDQW OH UHGRXEOHPHQW GH FHOXLFL6DGLVSDULWLRQSKRQpWLTXH
HVWSDUIRLVVXLYLGHVDGLVSDULWLRQpFULWHFRPPHGDQV OpFULWXUHFRUDQLTXHGHOD

QXLWDXOLHXGH
FHTXLQHVWSDVOHFDVSRXUOHQRPGH0DMHVWp&H
SUHPLHU lm DSSDUDvW FRPPH XQH WUDFH RX XQ YHVWLJH GH FHWWH IRQFWLRQ GH
'LYLQLWp TXH UHSUpVHQWH ODUWLFOH GpWHUPLQDQW al GRQW OH QRP DUDEH VLJQLILH
SURSUHPHQWFHTXLUHQGFRQQX tarf 4XDQGDX alifLOHVWVXVFULWHWDSSDUDvW
OH SOXV VRXYHQW GDQV VRQ pFULWXUH FDOOLJUDSKLpH 3UpFLVRQV TXH OH &KHLNK DO
$NEDU FRQVLGqUH OD YR\HOOH waw GX h ILQDO FRPPH FRQVWLWXWLYH GX 1RP GH
0DMHVWp cf/H/LYUHGX1RPGH0DMHVWp$OOkK E.TQ &HWWHYR\HOOH
GLVSDUDvWFHSHQGDQWORUVGXQHDQQH[LRQjXQDXWUHWHUPHFRPPHFHVWLFLOHFDV
 

3{OH Qub GRQWOD[LDOLWpHVWUHSUpVHQWpHKLpURJO\SKLTXHPHQW


SDUODOHWWUH alifGHPrPHYDOHXU6LORQSHXWVpWRQQHUGH
YRLULFLSULVHVHQFRPSWHGHGHX[OHWWUHVVXSSOpPHQWDLUHV lm
HW alifGDQV OH FDOFXO GX 1RP $OOkK QRXEOLRQV SDV TXH OD
VFLHQFH GHV /HWWUHV HW GHV 1RPEUHV GRLW WHQLU FRPSWH GH
FHUWDLQHVRSSRUWXQLWpVQXPpULTXHVRIIHUWHVSDUFKDTXHWHUPH
HQYLVDJp VDQV SRUWHU SUpMXGLFH j OD ULJXHXU GH VHV
DSSOLFDWLRQV $ WLWUH GLOOXVWUDWLRQ GH FH TXH QRXV DYDQoRQV
LFL QRXV IHURQV TXHOTXHV UHPDUTXHV VXU ODXWUH DVSHFW GH OD
0DLQ GLYLQH TXH UHSUpVHQWH OD 3LHUUH 1RLUH GpVLJQpH
H[SUHVVpPHQW SDU OHV WUDGLWLRQV FRPPH OD 0DLQ GURLWH
G$OOkK Yamn Allh VXUWHUUH /HSUHPLHUWHUPHyamn
TXL H[SULPH OD GURLWHHWSDUH[WHQVLRQODPDLQGURLWHD
SRXU YDOHXU  &H QRPEUH TXL HVW OH YRLVLQ GX  HW
WRPEH SRXU DLQVL GLUH j F{Wp SHXW H[SULPHU VRXV FH
UDSSRUW OH FDUDFWqUH QRQFHQWUDO GH OD GURLWH TXL QHVW HQ
UpDOLWpTXXQHWHQGDQFHVLRQOHQYLVDJHGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHV
GXDOLWpV FRVPLTXHV R HOOH VRSSRVH j OD JDXFKH 7RXWHIRLV
ODWWULEXWLRQ GH FHWWH PDLQ j $OOkK GRLW DYRLU SRXU HIIHW
LPPpGLDW GH OD UHQGUH GURLWH FHWWH IRLVFL HQWHQGXH GDQV
OD[LDOLWp GH VRQ XQLWp SUHPLqUH &HOOHFL HVW GDLOOHXUV
UHPDUTXDEOHPHQWH[SULPpHSDUXQHWUDGLWLRQSURSKpWLTXHTXL
HQVHLJQH TX$GDP DSUqV VD FUpDWLRQ HW j FKRLVLU HQWUH OHV
GHX[ PDLQV G$OOkK HW UpSRQGLW DORUV -H FKRLVLV OD 'URLWH
GHPRQ6HLJQHXUELHQTXHVHVGHX[0DLQVVRLHQWXQHPrPH
'URLWH EpQLH  'DQV FHWWH SHUVSHFWLYH FHVW O8QLWp GX
SRXUOH[SUHVVLRQTXLQRXVRFFXSHLFLFHTXLHVWXQHDXWUHDOOXVLRQDXIDLWTXLO\
D SOXVLHXUV PRGDOLWpV GH FRPSUpKHQVLRQ GX 1RP $OOkK FRQFHSWXHOOHPHQW HW
QXPpULTXHPHQW
 &HVW 5HQp *XpQRQ TXL OH SUHPLHU D UpYpOp OH QRPEUH IRQGDPHQWDO GX
Qub q    b          GDQV VRQ VLQJXOLHU DUWLFOH 8Q
KLpURJO\SKHGX3{OHSymboles fondamentauxFKDS
876HORQ,EQ$EEkV ODSLHUUHQRLUHHVWODGURLWHG$OOkKVXUWHUUH&HOXLTXL
QDSDVSXIDLUHOHSDFWH>RXVDLVLUOHVHQVGXSDFWHIDLW@DYHFOHQYR\pG$OOkKU
TXLO HPEUDVVH OD SLHUUH LO DXUD DORUV IDLW DOOpJHDQFH j$OOkKHWj6RQHQYR\p 
6X\Wval-durr al-manr9RO 
,EQ$UDEv La Niche des LumiresWUDGXLWSDU0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ+DGvWK
Q  SS  3DULV  $ WLWUH GH FXULRVLWp RQ SHXW UHPDUTXHU TXH OD


1RP$OOkKTXLVHUDDORUVDMRXWpHjODYDOHXUGHyamnDILQ
GH SDUYHQLU j OD YDOHXU SRODLUH SDU H[FHOOHQFH  6L QRXV
GRQQRQV LFL OD YDOHXU V\PEROLTXH  DX 1RP $OOkK FHVW
TXLOIDXWOHQYLVDJHULFLDX'HJUpGLYLQRO8QLWpGHFH1RP
FRUUHVSRQGDQW j OD )RQFWLRQ GH 'LYLQLWp al-Ulhah 
QpFHVVDLUH j WRXWH UHODWLRQ DYHF PRQGH HW SDUWDQW j WRXW
SDFWH&HVWVDQVGRXWHjFHWWHIRQFWLRQGH'LYLQLWpTXHGHYDLW
VRQJHU 5HQp *XpQRQ TXDQG LO HQYLVDJHDLW OH QRP $OOkK
FRPPH XQ KLpURJO\SKH GH OD PDLQ DYDQW GH UDSSHOHU VRQ
U{OH HVVHQWLHO >@ GDQV OHV ULWHV GH EpQpGLFWLRQ HW GH
FRQVpFUDWLRQ FH TXL SHUPHW j QRWUH WRXU SDU DQDORJLH
GHQIDLUHLFLXQKLpURJO\SKHFLUFRQVWDQFLpGX3{OH(QHIIHW
VL FH GHUQLHU D OLQVLJQH KRQQHXU GH UHYrWLU OD UREH GH OD
Siydah LO HVW DORUV OH Sayyid SDU H[FHOOHQFH WHUPH GRQW OHV
OHWWUHV UDGLFDOHV 6<<' UHJURXSpHV HQ 6< HW <' OH GpVLJQHQW
DORUV DGpTXDWHPHQW FRPPH VHPEODEOH j XQH PDLQ siyy
yad  SDU MHX FRQVRQDQWLTXH &HWWH LGHQWLWp DYHF OD 0DLQ
GLYLQH pWDEOLW OH Qub FRPPH OH 3ULQFLSH PrPH GH OD
manifestation TXL D OD PrPH UDFLQH TXH PDLQ FDU HQ
GpILQLWLYH QHVW PDQLIHVWp TXH FH TXL SHXW rWUH WHQGX RX
VDLVLSDUODPDLQ
0DLQWHQDQW UHYHQRQV DX VXEVWLWXW PLQpUDO GH FHWWH
0DLQ GLYLQH OD SLHUUH QRLUH al-ajar al-aswad  pJDOHPHQW
DSSHOpHOHUHFRLQ RXODQJOH QRLU al-rukn al-aswad VHORQ
OD WUDGLWLRQ LVODPLTXH 3DU VD FRXOHXU PrPH FHOOHFL HVW XQ
V\PEROHIRQGDPHQWDOGHODQRQPDQLIHVWDWLRQGX3ULQFLSHGH
PrPHTXHSDUVDVLWXDWLRQHOOHFRUUHVSRQGHQWDQWTXHFKHI
GXYUH GH OpGLILFH j OD WrWH GH ODQJOH /HV WUDGLWLRQV
LVODPLTXHV HQIRQWXQHYpULWDEOHSLHUUHRUDFXODLUH FRPPHHQ
WpPRLJQHQWFHVKDGLWKV (QYpULWp$OOkKDHQYR\pOHUHFRLQ
UpXQLRQGHVGHX[PDLQVREWHQXHSDUODIRUPHGXHOOHGXPRWyadyadnDSRXU
YDOHXU QXPpULTXH GpYHORSSpH  TXL QHVW DXWUH TXH OD YDOHXU HOOH DXVVL
GpYHORSSpHGHODOHWWUHSRODLUHalifV\PEROHGHO8QLWp
/DFKLURORJLHGDQVOpVRWpULVPHLVODPLTXHLe Voile dIsisPDL
-HDQ&KHYDOLHUHW$ODLQ*KHHUEUDQWDictionnaire des symboles3DULV
 6XU OH V\PEROLVPH FRQVWUXFWLI GH OD WrWH GH ODQJOH cf. Symboles
fondamentauxFKDS/DSLHUUHDQJXODLUH
 

QRLU DYHF GHX[ \HX[ DYHF OHVTXHOV ,O UHJDUGH HW XQH ODQJXH
DYHF ODTXHOOH ,O SDUOH ,O UHQG WpPRLJQDJH SDU OD 9pULWp HQ
IDYHXU GH FHOXL TXL SRVH VD PDLQ VXU OXL HW OHPEUDVVH 
&HWWH SLHUUH D XQH ODQJXH HW GHX[ OqYUHV HOOH WpPRLJQHUD
SDUOH9UDLDXMRXUGHODUpVXUUHFWLRQHQIDYHXUGHFHOXLTXLOD
HPEUDVVpH  /DWWULEXWLRQ GH FHV RUJDQHV PHQWLRQQpV DX
VXMHW GH OKRPPH GDQV OH &RUDQ 1H OXL DYRQV1RXV SDV
GRQQpGHX[\HX[XQHODQJXHHWGHX[OqYUHV"  IRQWGHOD
SLHUUH QRLUH XQ +RPPH YpULWDEOH HW QRXV UDSSHOOHURQV VDQV
SRXYRLU \ LQVLVWHU OD WUDGLWLRQ GHV KRPPHV QpV GH OD
SLHUUH GRQW SDUOH 5HQp *XpQRQ 'DXWUH SDUW VRQ
TXDOLILFDWLI aswad WRXW FRPPH OH WHUPH siydah TXL GpVLJQH
LFLOD6HLJQHXULHGX3{OHVRQWWRXVGHX[LVVXVGHODUDFLQH
SWD TXL H[SULPH OLGpH GrWUH FKHI SULQFH RX VHLJQHXU
PDLV FRPSRUWH DXVVL  HW LO IDXW OH VRXOLJQHU  OLGpH GrWUH
QRLU$LQVLOH&KHLNKDO$NEDUpYRTXHODFRXOHXUQRLUHGH
OD6HLJQHXULH Iswidd as-Siydah 6LORQWLHQWFRPSWHGX
GRXEOH VHQV H[SULPp SDU OD UDFLQH DLQVL TXH GH OpTXLYDOHQFH
HQWUHOHFKHIHWODWrWHOH Sayyid+DPDOOkKQHGRLWLOSDV
DORUV rWUH FRPSWp WDQW SK\VLTXHPHQW TXH VSLULWXHOOHPHQW
SDUPL OHV WrWHV QRLUHV OD FDWpJRULH LQLWLDWLTXH VXSUrPH GHV
rWUHVFHQWUDX[GRQWODWrWHHVWSORQJpHGDQVOpWDWSULQFLSLHO
GH OD QRQPDQLIHVWDWLRQ" 5HQp *XpQRQ HQ D UHVWLWXp OH
V\PEROLVPH PLFURFRVPLTXH HW PDFURFRVPLTXH HQ TXHOTXHV
SDJHV V\QWKpWLTXHV TXL UHMRLQW UHPDUTXDEOHPHQW FH
TXHQVHLJQH ,EQ $UDEv OH YLVDJH GH O+RPPH XQLYHUVHO
 6X\Wv op cit /H FRQWH[WHSHXWVXJJpUHUTXLOVDJLWVRLWGHODSLHUUHTXL
YRLWHWSDUOHVRLWG$OOkKOXLPrPHTXLYRLWHWSDUOHSDUOLQWHUPpGLDLUHGHFHOOHFL
'DQVXQHDXWUHYHUVLRQ ibid LOHVWGLWHQFRUH 2QPDSSRUWHUDOH rukn
DX MRXU GH OD UpVXUUHFWLRQ HW LO VHUD SOXV LPPHQVH HQFRUH TXH OH PRQW $E
4XEDLV,ODXUDXQHODQJXHHWGHX[OqYUHVHWLOVH[SULPHUDDXVXMHWGHFHOXLTXL
ODHPEUDVVpH 1RXVLQVLVWHURQVVXUOHIDLWTXHGDSUqVFHVWUDGLWLRQVODSLHUUH
QH PDQLIHVWH VRQ SRXYRLU RUDFXODLUH TXDX MRXU GH OD UpVXUUHFWLRQ FH TXL
LPSOLTXH TXLQLWLDWLTXHPHQW OrWUH QH SHXW DYRLU DFFqV j VRQ SRXYRLU TXL HVW
FHOXLGX/RJRVOXLPrPHVLOQHVWSDVVpDXSUpDODEOHSDUODPRUWLQLWLDWLTXH
Coran
Symboles fondamentauxFKDS/D&DYHUQHHWOH/DE\ULQWKH
Futt9ROS


>@HVWQRLUGDQVODXGHOjFRPPHGDQVFHEDVPRQGHSDUFH
TXH SORQJp GDQV XQH pWHUQHOOH YLVLRQ LO YRLW OREVFXULWp GH
OXQLYHUVjWUDYHUVODOXPLqUHGXPLURLUGXYUDL
/D GHVFULSWLRQ GH FHW pWDW WUDQVFHQGDQW WURXYD XQH
VLQJXOLqUH SURMHFWLRQ GDQV OD SRVLWLRQ GX &KHI VSLULWXHO
KDPDZv DX VHLQ GH VD zwiyah WHUPH WHFKQLTXH GH
OpVRWpULVPH LVODPLTXH TXL GpVLJQH OLWWpUDOHPHQW ODQJOH RX
OH FRLQ  HW UHQYRLH DLQVL j OD P\VWpULHXVH SLHUUH QRLUH
pYRTXpHHWSDUH[WHQVLRQWRXWFHQWUHVSLULWXHO/DGpILQLWLRQ
WHFKQLTXH TXH GRQQH 5HQp *XpQRQ GX FHQWUH VSLULWXHO
HQWHQGXGDQVVRQVHQVOHSOXVXQLYHUVHOPpULWHGrWUHUHSULVH
LFL OH FHQWUH HVW HQ UDLVRQ GH VRQ FDUDFWqUH SULQFLSLHO FH
TXRQ SRXUUDLW DSSHOHU OH OLHX GH OD QRQPDQLIHVWDWLRQ
FRPPH WHOOH OD FRXOHXU QRLUH HQWHQGXH GDQV VRQ VHQV
VXSpULHXU OXL FRQYLHQW GRQF UpHOOHPHQW ,O IDXW GDLOOHXUV
UHPDUTXHUTXHSDUFRQWUHODFRXOHXUEODQFKHFRQYLHQWDXVVL
DX FHQWUH VRXV XQ DXWUH UDSSRUW QRXV YRXORQV GLUH HQ WDQW
TXHSRLQWGHGpSDUWGXQHLUUDGLDWLRQDVVLPLOpHjFHOOHGHOD
OXPLqUH RQ SRXUUDLW GRQF GLUH TXH OH FHQWUH HVW EODQF
H[WpULHXUHPHQWHWSDUUDSSRUWjODPDQLIHVWDWLRQTXLSURFqGH
GHOXLWDQGLVTXLOHVWQRLULQWpULHXUHPHQWHWHQOXLPrPH
HW FH GHUQLHU SRLQW GH YXH HVW QDWXUHOOHPHQW FHOXL GHV rWUHV
TXL SRXU XQH UDLVRQ WHOOH TXH FHOOH TXH QRXV YHQRQV GH
UDSSHOHU VH VLWXH V\PEROLTXHPHQW GDQV OH FHQWUH PrPH
/H&KpULIGH1LRURHQIXWjQHQSDVGRXWHUXQHH[SUHVVLRQ
YLYDQWH QH PDQLIHVWDWLO WRXWH OD SXLVVDQFH GH FH
V\PEROLVPHORUVTXHYLYDQWGDQVOLVROHPHQWOHSOXVWRWDOGDQV
VD zwiyah FXU UD\RQQDQW GH OD YLOOH /XPLqUH LO
QDSSDUDLVVDLWHQSXEOLFTXHSRXUODSULqUHHQWLqUHPHQWYrWX
GH EODQF OD WrWH HQYHORSSpH GXQH pFKDUSH QH ODLVVDQW YRLU
TXH VRQ YLVDJH" 6L FRPPH RQ OD YX OD PDLQ GX 3{OH
QHVW DXWUH TXH OD 0DLQ GLYLQH HOOHPrPH VRQ YLVDJH VHUD
GDQVXQHPrPHSHUVSHFWLYHOHYLVDJHG$OOkK Wajh Allh 
Kitb al-AbdilahSHWFutFKDS
/HVWrWHVQRLUHVFKDSGHVSymboles fondamentaux
6HwGQD2XPDU'LFNRop. cit3
wjhalllah 
 
 

GRQW OD YDOHXU RUDFXODLUH  SDUOH GHOOHPrPH /D VFLHQFH


GHV QRPEUHV FRQILUPH XQH IRLV GH SOXV OHV UDSSRUWV pWDEOLV
GXQHPDQLqUHRXGXQHDXWUHSDUWRXVFHV0DvWUHVHWPRQWUH
OD SDUIDLWH DGpTXDWLRQ GH OHXUV HQVHLJQHPHQWV UHVSHFWLIV
TXLOVVHWUDGXLVHQWSDUpFULWRXjWUDYHUVODOHFWXUHGXQHJHVWH
V\PEROLTXH FRPPH SRXU OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK SXLVTXH WRXV
UpVLGHQW GDQV FH PrPH UHFRLQ TXL HVW HQ UpDOLWp XQH
K\SRVWDVH GX &HQWUH VXSUrPH OXLPrPH /H GRXEOH
GpYHORSSHPHQW QXPpULTXH GX WHUPH al-rukn HQWHQGX QRQ
SDV HQ WDQW TXH rukn SDUWLFXOLHU PDLV ELHQ FRPPH GpVLJQDQW
SURSUHPHQW O$QJOH VXSUrPH O$QJOH SDU H[FHOOHQFH
RX O$QJOH GHV DQJOHV Rukn al-arkn  FRUUHVSRQG
DLQVL V\PEROLTXHPHQW j XQ 6HFUHW GX VHFUHW Sirr al-sirr 
QXPpULTXHOREVFXULWpDSSDUHQWHGX ruknFDFKHHQUpDOLWpOH
QRPEUH VRODLUH  TXL D SRXU FDUDFWpULVWLTXH FRPPH OH
QRPEUH  VRXV VD IRUPH  GH UHQGUH DSSDUHQW OXQLWp
D[LDOH GX 3{OH TXL LUUDGLH HQ WDQW TXH 6ROHLO VSLULWXHO /H
JUDQG VRXIL LUDQLHQ 6HPQDQv HQVHLJQH GDQV XQH SHUVSHFWLYH
VLPLODLUH TXHOH FHQWUH VXEWLO GH ODUFDQH >  rukn@ OH -pVXV
GH WRQ rWUH D FRPPH FRXOHXU OH QRLU OXPLQHX[ aswad
nran  LQGLTXDQW DLQVL SDU XQ WHUPH WHFKQLTXH
FRUUHVSRQGDQW DX Rukn al-aswad TXH WpQqEUH HW OXPLqUH QH
VRQW TXH OHV GHX[ IDFHV LQWpULHXUH HW H[WpULHXUH GXQH PrPH
UpDOLWp 1RXV QRXV SHUPHWWURQV GLQWHUSUpWHU GDQV XQ PrPH
VHQV XQH pWUDQJH SUpGLFWLRQ TXH ORQ ILW j SURSRV GX MHXQH
+DPDOOkKFHOXLOj OH MRXU YLHQGUD TXDQG son soleil sera
son znithRFHOXLTXLQHVHUDSDV sous son ombreVHUDEUOp
Symboles fondamentauxFKDS
4XLH[SOLTXHVRQFDOFXOVRXVOHPRGHGXGRXEOHGpYHORSSHPHQWal
r kn  alif lm r kf nn  

&HFLFRQILUPHVRXVXQUDSSRUWFHTXH5HQp*XpQRQHQVHLJQHrukn alarknpTXLYDXW sirr al-asrrTXLHVWUHSUpVHQWpFRPPHQRXVODYRQVH[SOLTXp
SDU DLOOHXUV SDU OD SRLQWH VXSpULHXUH GH OD OHWWUH alif Oalif OXLPrPH ILJXUDQW
OD[HGXPRQGH Ibid 
 Cf+HQUL&RUELQ Limagination cratrice dans le soufisme dIbn ArabS
3DULV6XUOHVUDSSRUWVHQWUH-pVXVHWOHFatTXLDSSDUDvWjODQJOHGHOD
3LHUUHQRLUHcf,TUkSciencesacreQRV


SDU VRQ VROHLO /XQLWp GH FHWWH GRFWULQH VH UHWURXYH


QXPpULTXHPHQW GDQV OH WHUPH iswidd OD QRLUFHXU GRQW
OREVFXULWpSUpFqGHHWFDFKHSDUFRQVpTXHQWOLOOXPLQDWLRQ&H
WHUPH D HQ HIIHW SRXU YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH   TXL
FRUUHVSRQG ELHQ j XQH SUpFHVVLRQ QXPpULTXH GX QRPEUH
VRODLUH  2Q UHPDUTXHUD TXH FH YRLVLQDJH QXPpULTXH
WRXFKH LFL XQH YDOHXU VRODLUH TXL SHXW DSSHOHU LFL XQH
UHPDUTXHFRQFOXVLYH/RQVDLWTXHOHWHUPH jrLOOXVWUHFHWWH
QRWLRQWHFKQLTXHGHOD6FLHQFHGHV1RPEUHVSDUFHTXHWRXW
HQ VLJQLILDQW YRLVLQ FHOXLFL RFFXSHXQHSODFHFHQWUDOHSDU
VDYDOHXUVRODLUH0DLVRQQRWHUDpJDOHPHQWTXHVLORQIDLW
GpULYHU FH WHUPH DUDEH GH OD UDFLQH JRY FRXOHU FHOXLFL
GpVLJQH DORUV OH VROHLO &HW H[HPSOH FRPPH GH QRPEUHX[
DXWUHVPRQWUHOHVSRVVLELOLWpVGHUHODWLRQVFRQFHSWXHOOHVHQWUHOH
VHQVOLWWpUDOHWFHOXLQXPpULTXHVLORQSHXWGLUHGHWHUPHVGX
ODQJDJHWUDQVFHQGDQWGHOD lughah suriyniyyahGRQWRQSHXWLFL
SUHVVHQWLU OD WHFKQLFLWp GH VHV RSpUDWLRQV (QILQ RQ FLWHUD OH
SUpFLHX[HQVHLJQHPHQWGH7LHUQR%RNDUVXUOHVOXPLqUHVGRQW
OXOWLPHHVWFHOOHGXFHQWUHGHVH[LVWHQFHVFHVWODOXPLqUHGH
'LHX 4XL RVHUDLW OD GpFULUH" Cest une obscurit plus brillante
que toutes les lumires conjugues &HVW OD OXPLqUH GH OD
YpULWp








 $+ %k op. cit S  &HVW QRXV TXL VRXOLJQRQV /H VROHLO DX ]pQLWK
PDUTXHODYHUWLFDOHHWUHQYRLHjODIRQFWLRQSRODLUHGDQVODTXHOOHGLVSDUDvWWRXWH
RPEUHGHGXDOLWp/HVHXOUHIXJHHVWDORUVODQRQPDQLIHVWDWLRQDXGHOjGX6ROHLO
OXLPrPHjODTXHOOHRQSDUYLHQWHQSODoDQWVRXVORPEUHG$OOkKTXLHVWODIDFH
QRQPDQLIHVWpHGHO+RPPH8QLYHUVHOOXLPrPH
alif sn ww dl alifdl  
IbidSS&HVWQRXVTXLVRXOLJQRQV

 

#$ % &'




HVW OH QRP SURYLGHQWLHO GH FHWWH YLOOH OXPLqUH TXL
DWWLUD OH &KHLNK /DNKGkU ORUV GH VRQ SpULSOH FRPPH OH
ODLVVH HQWHQGUH $+ %k j SURSRV GX QRP GH 1LRUR GRQW OH
&KHLNK DSSULW OKLVWRLUH HW OH QRP H[DFW  nr 2Q UDSSRUWH
GDLOOHXUV TXH FHVWGDSUqVFHQRPTXLOHQGpGXLVLWTXXQH
WUDMHFWRLUHGHOXPLqUHVHPEODLWVrWUHDUUrWpHOjHWTXLOVH
SRXYDLW TXXQH DXWUH \ SULW QDLVVDQFH DORUV P SDU XQ
SUHVVHQWLPHQW LO GpFLGD GH V\ UHQGUH HVSpUDQW WURXYHU FH
TXLO FKHUFKDLW 2Q FRPSUHQG j WUDYHUV FHW H[HPSOH TXH
OH &KHLNK DOJpULHQ FKHUFKDLW OHV VLJQHV GX Qub j WUDYHUV
ORQRPDVWLH VDFUpH /LPSRUWDQFH GH OD 6FLHQFH GHV QRPV
QHVWSDVXQIDLWQRXYHDXHWOHV0DvWUHVVHVRQWFRQVWDPPHQW
DSSX\pV VXU FHWWH VFLHQFH DGDPLTXH DILQ GH QRXV UDPHQHU
GXQH PDQLqUH RX GXQH DXWUH SDU OH[SUHVVLRQ GXQ ODQJDJH
V\PEROLTXH DX[ VRXUFHV GH OD WUDGLWLRQ SULPRUGLDOH /D
SUpVHQFHLQHIIDEOHGHFHWWHVFLHQFHGDQVWRXVOHVpSLVRGHVGH
OD JHVWH KDPDOOLHQQH WURXYH VRQ SRLQW GRUJXH GDQV
OpYpQHPHQW PDMHXU TXH IXW OD UHQFRQWUH LQLWLDWLTXH HQWUH OH
&KHLNK 9HUW HW OH 3{OH TXL VH VFHOOHUD SDU ODOOpJHDQFH GX
YLHX[ &KHLNK DX MHXQH KRPPH /HV VRXUFHV TXL UHODWHQW FHW
pSLVRGH SDUIRLV GLIIpUHQWHV VDQV MDPDLV rWUH GLYHUJHQWHV
UDSSRUWHQW WRXWHV TXLO IXW SUpFpGp GXQ HQWUHWLHQ DX FRXUV
GXTXHOOHMHXQH&KpULIUpVROXWGHVpQLJPHVV\PEROLTXHVVXUOH
P\VWqUHPrPHGHO(VVHQFHGLYLQHVFHOOpSDUOH7DOLVPDQGX
1RP VXSUrPH 1RXV GRQQHURQV LFL OD YHUVLRQ G$PDGRX
+DPSkWp%kTXLDFROODWLRQQpGXUDQWGHQRPEUHXVHVDQQpHV
OHVWUDGLWLRQVGHOD+DPDZL\\DKHWHQDGRQQpXQSURYLGHQWLHO
UpFLW
VH SHQFKDQW YHUV OH VRO TXL pWDLW GH VDEOH ILQ >OH
&KHLNKDO$NKGDU@QLYHODGHODPDLQOHVSDFHTXLpWDLWGHYDQW
OXLHW\WUDoDXQPRWpFULWHQDUDEH Ctait un nom secret de

&

op. citS
CfpJDOHPHQW$OLRXQHWUDRUpop. citSS


Dieu reclant les mystres de la Qutbiya>@QRPFRQVHUYp

SUpFLHXVHPHQW HW VHFUqWHPHQW SDU OHV JUDQGV LQLWLpV GH


O2UGUH &pWDLW XQ PDvWUH PRW GH FHX[ TXH ORQ SURQRQFH
VHXOHPHQW GH ERXFKH j RUHLOOH RX TXH ORQ LQVFULW TXH VXU OH
VDEOH afin que nulle trace nen demeure
$ GHVVHLQ OH &KHLNK DYDLW FRPPLV XQH IDXWH HQ
RPHWWDQWGHWUDFHUXQHFHUWDLQHOHWWUHGXPRW
3XLVUHOHYDQWODWrWHLOGHPDQGDDXMHXQHKRPPH
$VWXOKDELWXGHGHYRLUFHPRWpFULWRXGHOHQWHQGUH
SURQRQFHUVRLWjOpWDWGHYHLOOHVRLWSHQGDQWWRQVRPPHLO"
2XLMDLOKDELWXGHGHOHYRLUUpSRQGLWOHFKpULI0DLV
GDQVOHPRWTXHWXDVpFULWLOPDQTXHXQHOHWWUHSDUUDSSRUWj
FHTXHMHYRLV
4XHOOHHVWFHWWHOHWWUHHWRPDQTXHWHOOH"GHPDQGD
OH&KHLNK
&KpULI +DPDOOkK VH SHQFKD HW WUDoD VXU OH VDEOH OD
OHWWUHPDQTXDQWHjOHQGURLWRHOOHGHYDLWILJXUHU
,PPpGLDWHPHQW OH &KHLNK UDVVHPEOD GDQV VHV PDLQV
OH VDEOH R DYDLW pWp pFULW OH QRP VDFUp lenferma dans un
sachetHWGRQQDFHVDFKHWDX&KpULI
 7LHQV FHFL WDSSDUWLHQW &HVW WRL TXL HVW OH Qutb-ulZaman OH 0DvWUH GH O+HXUH OH 3{OH GX 7HPSV TXH MDL
FKHUFKp SDUWRXW -H WH GHPDQGH GH UHQRXYHOHU PRQ ZLUGRX
>@OHYLHX[PDvWUHVLQFOLQDGHYDQWOHMHXQHKRPPHWHQGDQW
OHVSDXPHVGHVHVPDLQVRXYHUWHV en forme de coupeFRPPH
RQOHIDLWHQ,VODPSRXUUHFHYRLUXQHEpQpGLFWLRQ
1RXVUpVHUYRQVLFLjGHVVHLQOHTXDOLILFDWLIGHWLMGDQLHQQHGRQQpLFLSDU
+DPSkWp%kjOD QutbniyyahSXLVTXHODGRFWULQHGHFHOOHFLGpSDVVHHQUpDOLWp
GHWRXWHYRLHSDUWLFXOLqUHHWOHTXDOLILFDWLIDW7LMkQvHVWELHQXQDWWULEXWGX3{OH
XQLYHUVHOTXDQGLOHVWWUDQVSRVpDGpTXDWHPHQWHQGHKRUVGHWRXWH[FOXVLYLVPH
 $PDGRX KDPSkWp %k op. cit. SS  &HVW QRXV TXL VRXOLJQRQV ,O
QHVWSDVLQXWLOHGHUHSUHQGUHLFLHQVXEVWDQFHOHQVHLJQHPHQWGH5HQp*XpQRQ
VXU OH ULWH HW OH V\PEROH Aperus sur lInitiation FKDS 6LOHV\PEROH
HQWHQGX FRPPH ILJXUDWLRQ JUDSKLTXH DLQVL TXLO OHVW OH SOXV RUGLQDLUHPHQW
QHVW HQ TXHOTXH VRUWH TXH OD IL[DWLRQ GXQ JHVWH ULWXHO HWSHXW GHPHXUHU j
OpWDW SHUPDQHQW OH V\PEROH VRQRUH SDU FRQWUH QHVW PDQLIHVWp TXH GDQV
ODFFRPSOLVVHPHQW PrPH GX ULWH 4XDQW j OpFULWXUH TXL UHSUpVHQWH XQH
YpULWDEOHIL[DWLRQGXVRQVLHOOHSULPRUGLDOHHWGRQFpPLQHPPHQWV\PEROLTXH
 

3RXUWHQWHUXQHH[pJqVHGXQWHOUpFLWLOFRQYLHQWWRXW
GDERUGGHSURFpGHUjXQHKHUPpQHXWLTXHULJRXUHXVHDILQGH
UHWURXYHU ODUFKpW\SH FRUUHVSRQGDQW HW SHUPHWWUH DLQVL GHQ
GpJDJHU OHV LPSOLFDWLRQV PpWDSK\VLTXHV /H V\PEROLVPH GX
VDFKHW RX SOXW{W GX SHWLW VDF GDQV OHTXHO D pWp HQIHUPp OH
1RPFDFKpG$OOkKQHVWSDVVDQVpYRTXHUODSUHPLqUHSKUDVH
GXWUDLWpG,EQ$UDEvpYRTXpOHAnq mughribTXLGpEXWH
DLQVLOHVDFVFHOOpVXUOHVHFUHWFDFKp al-wi al-makhtm
al al-sirr al-maktm  6L ORQ VDLW TXH OH VXMHW GH FH OLYUH
pQLJPDWLTXHVHUDWWDFKHDX[P\VWqUHVGX3{OHRQSHXWjERQ
GURLWSHQVHUTXHFHVWELHQjFHWWHUpDOLWpGpFULWHSDUOH&KHLNK
DO$NEDUTXLOHVWLFLIDLWDOOXVLRQjWUDYHUVFHV\PEROHDJL
2U OH VDF wi  HVW FHOXLOj PrPH GRQW LO HVW IDLW PHQWLRQ
GDQV OD VRXUDWH SRODLUH Yusf TXL FRPSWDELOLVH  YHUVHWV
HWUHWUDFH PpWKRGLTXHPHQW GDSUqV OHV PDvWUHV OH
FKHPLQHPHQW LQLWLDWLTXH V\PEROLVp SDU OH F\FOH DQQXHO TXL
WURXYH VRQ DERXWLVVHPHQW j OD[H SRODLUH 'DSUqV OD
WUDGLWLRQ FH VDF HVW FHOXL GH %HQMDPLQ OH ILOVGHOD'URLWH
GDQV OHTXHO HVW UHWURXYp OH YDVH GRU GX 5RL 6DQV SRXYRLU
QRXV pWHQGUH VXU FH VXMHW QRXV UHSUHQGURQV LFL
OLQWHUSUpWDWLRQDNEDULHQQHGDSUqVODTXHOOHOHVDFHQTXHVWLRQ
HOOH SDUWLFLSH DORUV GXQH GRXEOH QDWXUH j ODIRLV VRQRUHHWYLVXHOOH7RXWHIRLV
HOOH SHXW SHUGUH VRQ FDUDFWqUH SHUPDQHQW VL HOOH HVW WUDFpH VXU XQ VXSSRUW
PHXEOHFRPPHOHVDEOHSDUH[HPSOHHWFRUUHVSRQGDORUVDXFDVHQTXHOTXH
VRUWHLQWHUPpGLDLUH>@GHVILJXUHVV\PEROLTXHVTXLWUDFpHVDXGpEXWGXQULWH
RXGDQVVDSUpSDUDWLRQVRQWHIIDFpHVDXVVLW{WDSUqVVRQDFFRPSOLVVHPHQWGRQW
RQFRPSUHQGOHSURIRQGLQWpUrWGDQVXQHSHUVSHFWLYHLQLWLDWLTXHGHSUpVHUYDWLRQ
GHVP\VWqUHV
 Le livre dun Phnix insaisissable (ou soccultant), sur la connaissance du
Sceau des Saints et du Soleil se levant lOuest.6XUODWUDGXFWLRQDQJODLVHGHFH
WUDLWpGHMHXQHVVHG,EQ$UDEv cfOHFRPSWHUHQGXGH*pUDUG/RJHURWGDQV la
Rgle dAbraham Q  1RXV UHQYR\RQV DX[ UHPDUTXHV GH FH FRPSWHUHQGX
VXUODSKUDVHLQDXJXUDOHTXLQRXVRFFXSHLFL
Coran
,TUDScience sacreQRVS



QHVW DXWUH TXH OHQYHORSSH GX FXU GH ODGRUDWHXU HW


TXL GDQV QRWUH UpFLW j GpIDXW GH FRQWHQLU explicitement OH
YDVH VDFUp HQ FRQWLHQW WRXWHIRLV OD SUpFLHXVH LQVFULSWLRQ
TXL SDU VD QDWXUH UR\DOH GRLW rWUH FRQVLGpUpH FRPPH XQH
YpULWDEOH VLJQDWXUH GX 5RL GLYLQ &HVW OH &KHLNK DO$NKGDU
OXLPrPH TXL VLGHQWLILHUD DORUV j OD SUpFLHXVH FRXSH SRXU
UHFHYRLUWHOXQVDLQW*UDDOODEpQpGLFWLRQGX5RLGX0RQGH
DJLVVDQW j WUDYHUV OHQYHORSSH KDPDOOLHQQH YpULWDEOH
HQYHORSSH VRODLUH SXLVTXH OH WHUPH wi TXL OH[SULPH D
SRXU YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH  VHORQ VD JUDSKLH FRUDQLTXH
3UpFLVRQVHQFRUHDILQGHFRPSOpWHUFHSUpFLHX[VXMHWTXHOH
P\VWpULHX[ VDFKHW QHVW SDV VDQV UDSSHOHU OH 6DFKHW GHV
9LYDQWV seror hahayim  GRQW OD PHQWLRQ XQLTXH GDQV OD
%LEOH UHQIRUFH VRQ FDUDFWqUH pQLJPDWLTXH /H SDVVDJH HQ
TXHVWLRQ VH UDWWDFKH j OD QRWLRQ GH PDUW\U HW OD YLH SpUHQQH
TXL HQ UpVXOWHVL XQ KRPPH VH OqYH SRXU WH SRXUVXLYUH HW
DWWHQWHUjWDYLHTXHWRQ6RLVRLWHQIHUPpHGDQVOH6DFKHWGHV
9LYDQWV DXSUqV GH <DKYp WRQ 'LHX  6HORQ OHV
FRPPHQWDWHXUV OH VDFKHW GpVLJQH OH OLHX R OH SULQFLSH GH
YLH HVW FRQVHUYp HWVD VLJQLILFDWLRQ IRQGDPHQWDOH UHVWH
FHOOHGHODSURWHFWLRQHWGXVDOXWDFFRUGpVSDU'LHXFHTXL
QRXV SHUPHW GDVVHQWLU OD UHODWLRQ GHV 9LYDQWV TXL
FRQVWLWXHQW OD KLpUDUFKLH GX &HQWUH VXSUrPH OH OLHX SURWpJp
 * /RJHURW art. cit.  6XU OD UHODWLRQ GH OpSLVRGHFRUDQLTXHHQTXHVWLRQ
DYHFOHMHQH cf.0LFKHO9kOVDQ8QHLQVWUXFWLRQVXUOHVULWHVIRQGDPHQWDX[GH
O,VODPE.TQRVMDQIpY
6HORQ5HQp*XpQRQOH*UDDOHVWjODIRLVXQYDVH grasale HWXQOLYUH
gradaleRX graduale 'DQVFHUWDLQHVYHUVLRQVOHVGHX[VHQVVHWURXYHQWPrPH
pWURLWHPHQW UDSSURFKpV FDU OH OLYUH GHYLHQW DORUV XQH LQVFULSWLRQ WUDFpH SDU OH
&KULVWRXSDUXQDQJHVXUODFRXSHHOOHPrPH Symboles fondamentauxFKDS
 
 6HORQ FHWWH JUDSKLH FRUDQLTXH lalif ILQDO VH WURXYH SURORQJp SDU XQ
maddah  HQ UDLVRQ GX hamzah TXL OH VXLW  VLJQH TXL UHSUpVHQWH XQ alif
DOORQJpTXLGRXEOHDLQVL lalifLQLWLDOHWSHXWGqVORUVrWUHSULVHQFRPSWHGDQV
OHFDOFXOQXPpULTXH wawaynalifalif   
,6DPXHO
$ODLQ*KHHUEUDQWHW-HDQ&KHYDOLHUDictionnaire des symboles.
Ibid
 

SDU H[FHOOHQFH DYHF OHV GHX[ DVSHFWV LQGLVVRFLDEOHV GH YLH


HW GH UR\DXWp TXH[SULPH HQ ,VODP OXQ GHV 1RPV GX 5RL
GX0RQGHTXHQRXVpWXGLHURQVSDUODVXLWH
/HMHXQHKpULWLHUGX0DvWUHIRQGDWHXUGHOD7LMkQL\\DK
jODVWDWLRQSRODLUHSRUWHUDOHWLWUHLQVLJQHGal-Barzakh almakhtm wa-l-Qub al-maktm O,VWKPH VFHOOp HW OH 3{OH
FDFKp TXL VHORQ OD GRFWULQH PrPH GH OD 7LMkQL\\DK D OD
SUpURJDWLYH GX 6HFUHW FDFKp lahu al-ikhti bi-l-Sirr almaktm  ,O QHVW SDV LQXWLOH LFL GH UDSSHOHU FH TXH 5HQp
*XpQRQ HQVHLJQH VXU FH VXMHW HQ UHODWLRQ pYLGHQWH DYHF OH
VHFUHWLQLWLDWLTXHHQWHQGXGHPDQLqUHDEVROXHTXLHVWOREMHW
GXQ FKDSLWUH GHV Aperus sur lInitiation GRQWQRXVFLWHURQV
LFLXQHVLPSOHQRWHOHVPRWVVDFUpVTXLQHGRLYHQWMDPDLV
rWUH SURQRQFpV VRQW XQ V\PEROH SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW QHW GH
OLQHIIDEOH RX GH OLQH[SULPDEOH ,QH[SULPDEOH WHO
HVWOH1RP6XSUrPH al-Ism al-Aam HQ,VODPGpWHQXGDQV
WRXWH VD SOpQLWXGH VHORQ OpVRWpULVPH LVODPLTXH SDU OH VHXO
3{OH HW TXL SHXW WRXWHIRLV rWUH DVVHQWL j WUDYHUV OHV 1RPV
GLYLQVFRQQXVRXVHFUHWVRXFHUWDLQVYHUVHWVFRUDQLTXHVGDQV
OHVTXHOV LO HVW GLW VH FDFKHU RX HQFRUH DX PR\HQ GHV
P\VWpULHXVHVOHWWUHVLVROpHVTXLLQDXJXUHQWFHUWDLQHVVRXUDWHV
/HV QRPV GHV 0DvWUHV D\DQW UpDOLVp FH GHJUp VXSUrPH OH
UHSUpVHQWHQW DXVVL HIILFDFHPHQW VRLW SDU OHXUV OHWWUHV
HPEOpPDWLTXHV VRLW SDU OHXUV QRPEUHV FRQVWLWXWLIV GRQW LOV
VRQW OHV HQYHORSSHV SDUWLFXOLqUHV 6HORQ OD GRFWULQH
DNEDULHQQH VL WRXW rWUH GHQWUH OHV rWUHV H[LVWHQFLpV HVW XQ
VXSSRUW WKpRSKDQLTXH SDUWLFXOLHU j TXHOTXH 1RP GLYLQ TXL
'DQVXQSRqPHTXLOXLHVWDGUHVVpSDUXQGLVFLSOHOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkK
HVWFODLUHPHQWLGHQWLILpj$KPDG7LMkQvWXHVOXLLOHVWWRLVDQVUXVHDXFXQH
,EQ0Xk]op. citS 
$Ov%DUUkGDKJawhir al Man6LHOOHVIRQGHQWODGRFWULQHSRODLUHGHOD
WLMkQL\\DK -LOODOL (O$GQDQL UDSSHOOH FHSHQGDQW TXH OHV QRWLRQV PrPHV GH OD
khatmiyyaHWGHOD katmiyya OHVFHDXHWOHFDFKp RQWpWpODUJHPHQWGLIIXVpHVSDU
OXYUH DNEDULHQQH j VDYRLU OH Anq mughrib f khatm al-awliy wa shamsi-lmaghrib HW OHV ,OOXPLQDWLRQV PHFTXRLVHV FRPPH OD UHFRQQX ODXWHXU WLMkQv GX
Bughyat al-Mustfd La TijniyyahS 
'XVHFUHWLQLWLDWLTXHFKDSGHVAperus sur lInitiation


HVW DLQVL VRQ 6HLJQHXU 0XKDPPDG TXDQW j OXL VH


VLQJXODULVHSDUOHIDLWGrWUHOHVXSSRUWWKpRSKDQLTXHGX1RP
7RWDOLVDWHXU al-Ism al-Jmi  V\QWKpWLVDQW WRXV OHV QRPV
FHVWOH1RPVXSUrPH al-AamTXLHVW$OOkK>/XLPrPH@&H
1RP HVW OH GHJUp V\QWKpWLTXH DEVROX TXL HVW FHOXL GH OD
SUHPLqUH GpWHUPLQDWLRQ GH O(VVHQFH QRQGXHOOH al-Dht alAadiyyah FDULOQ\DULHQDXGHVVXVGHFHGHJUpVLFHQHVWOD
SXUH (VVHQFH WUDQVFHQGDQW HQ HOOHPrPH WRXWH
GpWHUPLQDWLRQ WRXW DWWULEXW WRXW QRP HW WRXW VLJQH 'H
PrPH HQ HVWLO GH OD /LHXWHQDQFH Khilfah  GH OD 5pDOLWp
PXKDPPDGLHQQHUTXLHVWOH3{OHGHV3{OHV>@HWOH0DvWUH
GX 1RP VXSUrPH 0DLQWHQDQW LO LPSRUWH GH FRQVLGpUHU
DYHF XQH DWWHQWLRQ WRXWH SDUWLFXOLqUH OD YDOHXU QXPpULTXH GX
1RP al-Aam TXL HVW ORVVDWXUH IRQGDPHQWDOH GH WRXV OHV
QRPV$OLQGpILQLWpGHFHVGHUQLHUVTXLSHXYHQWOXLVHUYLUGH
VXEVWLWXWV RFFDVLRQQHOV VRQ QRPEUH SDU VRQ GpSRXLOOHPHQW
PrPHGRLWrWUHUpYpODWHXUGHVRQH[FHOOHQFHSULQFLSLHOOH(Q
HIIHWVDYDOHXUGpYHORSSpHHVWGHTXHORQSHXWOLUH
 HW H[SULPH DORUV OXQLWp GH O+RPPH 8QLYHUVHO
MuhammadGRQWODYDOHXUGpYHORSSpHHVWRQOHVDLWTXH
ORQ SRXUUD TXDOLILHU GDQV XQH PrPH SHUVSHFWLYH GH
1RPEUH VXSUrPH ,GHQWLILDEOH DX UDSSRUW GKDUPRQLH
pWDEOL HQWUH OH GLDPqWUH HW OD FLUFRQIpUHQFH TXL HVW GH 
O,VWKPH VXSUrPH PXKDPPDGLHQ DSRXUIRQFWLRQGHMRLQGUH
OHV GHX[ SDUWLHV VXSpULHXUH HW LQIpULHXUH GX FHUFOH GX 7RXW
8QLYHUVHOV\PEROHOHSOXVSULPRUGLDOGHWRXVTXLXQLW Wujd
HW Adam (WUH HW OH 1RQ(WUH &HVW SRXUTXRL OH Qub TXL
UpDOLVHSOHLQHPHQWFHGHJUpLQLWLDWLTXHDVVXUHDLQVLOH.KDOLIDW
GH0XKDPPDG
/H &KpULI +DPDOOkK SHUoX SDU VHV GLVFLSOHV FRPPH
O+pULWLHUGHVRQJUDQGSqUH 0XKDPPDG HWOH3RUWHXUGH
VRQ6HFUHW(pmil Sirrihi GHYDLWVHUpYpOHUHQXQPRPHQW
$EO$O$IvIvTaalqt al Fus al-pikamS
'DRG4DvVDUvar Fu al-HikamS7pKpUDQ + 
alam  
mmmd  
,EQ0Xk]op. citS
 

F\FOLTXH PDMHXU j OD IRLV GDQV ORUGUH PDFURFRVPLTXH HW


PLFURFRVPLTXH PRPHQW TXL GHYUD rWUH FRQVLGpUp FRPPH
V\PEROLVDQW LQGXELWDEOHPHQW OH PLOLHX GHV WHPSV 6D
QDLVVDQFHKpJLULHQQHVLQVFULWGDQVFHSURFHVVXVSXLVTXHOOHD
OLHX HQ ODQ  PRPHQW FHQWUDO TXL FO{W OH qPH VLqFOH HW
RXYUHOH qPH/H&KHLNKTXLGHYDLWrWUHXQHGHVH[SUHVVLRQV
GX Barza VXSUrPH VH SODFH DLQVL SDU VD YHQXH DX PRQGH
HQWUH OHV QRPEUHV  HW  HQ XQ  V\PEROLTXH VRXV
OpJLGHGXTXHOGHYDLWQpFHVVDLUHPHQWVHSODFHUVDQDLVVDQFHHQ
WDQWTXHSXUPXKDPPDGLHQ7UDQVSRVpHGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHV
OHWWUHV FHWWH QDLVVDQFH OH SODFH HQWUH OH mm HW OH nn TXL
RFFXSHQW UHVSHFWLYHPHQW OD qPH HW qPH SODFH GDQV ORUGUH
DOSKDEpWLTXHIRUPDQWDLQVLSDUVDSRVLWLRQXQLWLYHOHYRFDEOH
MN VXU OHTXHO VH IRQGH OH[SUHVVLRQ GX Manu OH
/pJLVODWHXUSULPRUGLDOHWXQLYHUVHOLGHQWLILpDX5RLGX0RQGH
2QQHVHUDSDVVXUSULVGHYRLUOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKHQLQWLPH
UHODWLRQDYHFFHYRFDEOHWUDQVFHQGDQWOHVIRUPHVSDUWLFXOLqUHV
SXLVTXH FH PDvWUH HVW HQWLqUHPHQW FRQIRUPH j O$UFKpW\SH
PXKDPPDGLHQ OH GpWHQWHXU SDU H[FHOOHQFH GX VHFUHW GH FHV
GHX[ OHWWUHV HPEOpPDWLTXHV HW GH OHXU FRQMRQFWLRQ 6L FHWWH
VLQJXOLqUH YHQXH DX PRQGH OH SODFH GDQV XQH UHODWLRQ
SULYLOpJLpH DYHF OH 3URSKqWH  OD UHFRQQDLVVDQFH GH VD
IRQFWLRQ SRODLUH OH VHUD pJDOHPHQW PDLV FHWWH IRLV VHORQ OH
FDOHQGULHU JUpJRULHQ TXL QHVW SDV VDQV H[FOXUH XQH UHODWLRQ
SOXV LQWLPH DYHF $LVV TXH OH &RUDQ GpVLJQH HQ H[FOXVLYLWp
FRPPH OH 9HUEH G$OOkK Kalimatu-Llh  3DU XQH
UHPDUTXDEOH FRwQFLGHQFH FHVW DSUqV  VLqFOHV DFFRPSOLV
6HORQ,EQ0Xk] op. citSSHW $XFXQHVRXUFHQHGRQQHOHMRXU
SUpFLVGHVDQDLVVDQFH$OLRXQH7UDRUpFRQYHUWLWFHWWHDQQpHKpJLULHQQHHW
SURSRVH GRQF SRXU VD QDLVVDQFH VHORQ OH FDOHQGULHU JUpJRULHQ ODQQpH RX
 op. cit S  HW ODUWLFOH 0LVH DX SRLQW VXU OD YLH HW OD PRUW GH FKHLNK
+DPDOODKLQ Afrique histoireQ/DQQpHGpEXWHOHQRY
HWVHILQLWOHVHSW 
 6XU OD SRVLWLRQ UHPDUTXDEOH GX &KULVW HQWUH OHV GHX[ OHWWUHV
HPEOpPDWLTXHV0HW1GDQVOH&KULVWLDQLVPHcf0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ5*GH
/D6DXOD\HSSj



VHORQOHFRPSXWVRODLUHTXHOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKDORUVTXLO
HVWkJpSUpFLVpPHQWGH DQVGHYDLWrWUHFRQVDFUpFRPPH
OH Whid al-Zamn O8QLTXH GX 7HPSV &HW pYpQHPHQW
XQLTXH GDQV ORUGUH WUDQVFHQGDQW GRLW pJDOHPHQW OrWUH GDQV
ORUGUH KXPDLQ SXLVTXLO VH SODFH YpULWDEOHPHQW DX FHQWUH GH
OHVSDFHHWGXWHPSVTXHWUDYHUVHOD[HSRODLUHLPPXDEOHTXL
UHOLH HQWUH HX[ WRXV OHV PRQGHV $LQVL GRLWRQ SUHQGUH GDQV
VRQ VHQV WHFKQLTXH OH WLWUH PDMHXU GX 3{OH FHOXL G8QLTXH
GX 7HPSV TXL UpVLGH GDQV OLQVWDQWDQpLWp GX QRQWHPSV
SDUFH TXLO HVW OXLPrPH OH 0DvWUH GH OLQVWDQW 6ib alwaqt  5DSSHORQV TXH OH QubGRQWODUDFLQH QBVLJQLILH
UDPDVVHUFRQFHQWUHURXUpXQLUVXUXQSRLQWVHSODFH
FRPPHOHQVHLJQH5HQp*XpQRQDXPLOLHXGXF\FOH>@DX
FHQWUHGHODURXHGHVFKRVHVVXLYDQWOH[SUHVVLRQKLQGRXHRX
OLQYDULDEOHPLOLHXGHODWUDGLWLRQH[WUrPHRULHQWDOHOHSRLQW
IL[H DXWRXU GXTXHO VHIIHFWXH OD URWDWLRQ GHV VSKqUHV OD
PXWDWLRQ SHUSpWXHOOH GX PRQGH PDQLIHVWp /H WHUPH
widTXLH[SULPHDXGHJUpPpWDSK\VLTXHGHOD Widiyyah
OD FDUDFWqUH XQLTXH GX 3{OH D SUpFLVpPHQW SRXU YDOHXU 
&RPPHODPRQWUp0XKDPPDG9kOVDQFHVWVXUFHWWH8QLWp
GX QRPEUH  TXH UHSRVH OH 9HUEH FRUDQLTXH VHV GHX[
QRPEUHV FRQVWLWXWLIV  HW  FRUUHVSRQGHQW GDQV ORUGUH
6RQLQYHVWLWXUHjOLHXHQRXDXSOXVWDUGHQ
/RUVTXH6KHLNKQkOXLUpVROXWWRXWHVOHVpQLJPHVHWOXLGpYRLODWRXVOHV
VHFUHWVGLYLQVTXLpWDLHQWHQOXLHWLODYDLWjFHPRPHQWOjDQV>OH&KHLNK
/DNKGkU@ UDVVHPEOD DORUV VHV GLVFLSOHV HW VHV PRTDGGHPV HW OHXU DQQRQoD
SXEOLTXHPHQW TXH 6KHLNKQk $KPDG +DPkKXOOkK pWDLW OH EXW GH WRXWHV VHV
UHFKHUFKHV llatahu al-manshdah $ORUVLOOHXURUGRQQDGHUHQRXYHOHUOHXU
SDFWH LQLWLDWLTXH tajdd  DYHF OXL >@ 6KHLNKQk GHYLQW DORUV OH 0DvWUH OH SOXV
JUDQG al-Cheikh al-Akbar OLQVWUXFWHXUOHSOXVLOOXVWUH>@DSUqVTXHOHQREOHHW
JUDQG FKpULI TXLO pWDLW IXW UHFRQQX RXYHUWHPHQW FRPPHOH3{OH ,EQ0Xk]
op. citSS 
,OH[LVWHGHVSRqPHVGDOOpJHDQFHTXLSRUWHQWFHWLWUHY 6ib al-waqt/H
SOXV FRQQX HVW FHOXL FRPSRVp SDU OH JUDQG PXIWv GH 0RXUGLDK 0DOL 
0XKDPPDG 'RXFRXUp TXH QRPEUH GH GLVFLSOHV KDPDZvV UpFLWHQW HQFRUH SDU
FXU6LJQDORQVpJDOHPHQWGqVjSUpVHQWTXLOSRUWHpJDOHPHQWOHWLWUHGH Kahf
az-ZamnOD&DYHUQHGX7HPSVGRQWRQSUHVVHQWODOOXVLRQDX0DKGv
LEsotrisme de DanteFKDS
 

QXPpULTXH DX[ OHWWUHV $OSKD HW 2PpJD RX j OHXUV


pTXLYDOHQWVGDQVOHVGLYHUVDOSKDEHWV/DVWUXFWXUHDUFKpW\SDOH
GX &RUDQ FDUDFWpULVH O(WUH SRODLUH PXKDPPDGLHQHW SDU
FRQVpTXHQW WRXV FHX[ TXL SDUWLFLSHQW GH FHWWH QDWXUH VRQW
GRQF HQ SDUIDLWH FRQIRUPLWp DYHF OH 9HUEH XQLYHUVHO OXL
PrPH GRQW OH YRFDEOH LQLWLDO Iqr RX OHV  OHWWUHV GH OD
basmalah LQDXJXUDOH HQ UHSUpVHQWHQW OHV GHX[ PRGDOLWpV
JpQpVLTXHV
2Q QH VHUD SDV pWRQQp GH FRQVWDWHU TXH FHWWH
FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DXWRXU GH O8QLWp UpDOLVpH SXLVVH VH SURGXLUH
SDU OHV YHUWXV GHV QRPV LQLWLDWLTXHV GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK
VHORQ XQH PRGDOLWp VWULFWHPHQW VLPLODLUH DX SURFHVVXV
JpQpUDWLI GX &RUDQ WHO TXLO HVW GpFULW GDQV OH SUHPLHUYHUVHW
UpYpOp 5DVVHPEOH SDU OH 1RP GH WRQ 6HLJQHXU  XQ
pPLQHQWFRPPHQWDWHXUDNEDULHQFRPPH4kVKkQvTXLQHIDLW
TXH VXLYUH OHV WUDFHV GH VRQ 0DvWUH ,EQ $UDEv VXU FHWWH
TXHVWLRQ OH FRPPHQWH DLQVL 5DVVHPEOH SDU O(WUH
HVVHQWLHO TXL HVW 6RQ 1RP 6XSUrPH 2U FHVW SDU FH
1RP V\PEROH GH O$UFKpW\SH PXKDPPDGLHQ SDU VD YDOHXU
 TXH VRSqUH O,GHQWLWp 6XSUrPH GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK
DYHFVRQ(WUHHVVHQWLHO al-Wujd adh-dht TXLDpJDOHPHQW
SRXU YDOHXU  4XHOV TXH VRLHQW OHV QRPV PXOWLSOHV
SRXYDQW UHSUpVHQWHU OD 5pDOLWp IRQGDPHQWDOH GXQ WHO rWUH
pFKDSSDQW SDU VD QDWXUH SURIRQGH j WRXWH GpILQLWLRQ
UDSSHORQV TXH OH YUDL QRP GXQ rWUH QHVW SDV DXWUH FKRVH
DX SRLQW GH YXH WUDGLWLRQQHO TXH OH[SUHVVLRQ GH OHVVHQFH
PrPH GH FHW rWUH OD UHFRQVWLWXWLRQ GX QRP HVW GRQF
V\PEROLTXHPHQW OD PrPH FKRVH TXH FHOOH GH OrWUH OXL
PrPH &HV UHPDUTXHV SUpOLPLQDLUHV TXH QRXV DYRQV
SXLVpHV GDQV OXYUH JXpQRQLHQQH HW GDQV ODUWLFOH ,TUD
VDYqUHQW LQGLVSHQVDEOHV SRXU WHQWHU GDERUGHU OpWXGH
RQRPDVWLTXH GX &KHLNK GH 1LRUR FRQVFLHQW TXLO GHPHXUH
Coran
FutFKDS
4kVKkQvTafsr9ROS
wjwd 
Symboles fondamentauxFKDS


GDQV VD UpDOLWp SURIRQGH WHO OH SKpQL[ TXL pFKDSSH


yughribu  DX[ LQWHOOHFWV HW DX[ VDLVLHV UHIOp[LYHV FRPPH
OHQVHLJQH OH &KHLNK DO-vOv 6L OHV HIIHWV GH FHWWH QDWXUH VH
UHIOpWqUHQW MXVTXH GDQV VRQ DSSDUHQFH VHQVLEOH VHORQ OH
WpPRLJQDJH GH PRQVLHXU %RNDU\ 6DYDGRJR TXL SUpFLVH
TXDXFXQGHFHX[TXLRQWUHQFRQWUp>OH&KHLNK@QRQWSXOXL
GRQQHUXQHGHVFULSWLRQSK\VLTXHFRKpUHQWHHWUDWLRQQHOOH
FHVW TXHQ UpDOLVDQW OH VHFUHW GX 3URSKqWH 0XKDPPDG U
H[SUHVVLRQ GX 1RP VXSUrPH G$OOkK LO VLGHQWLILH j XQH
UpDOLWp GpSDVVDQW LQILQLPHQW OD UDLVRQ HW OH GRPDLQH FUpp OH
3ULQFLSH VXSUrPH TXL QHVW HQ GpILQLWLYH QL PLFURFRVPH QL
PDFURFRVPHQL(WUHQL1RQ(WUH
%6DYDGRJR op. cit.S&HVWXQHFDUDFWpULVWLTXHPDMHXUHGHVrWUHV
VSLULWXHOVUpDOLVpV
2QSRXUUDLWjWLWUHGH[HPSOHFLWHUOHWpPRLJQDJHGH<D\L&LUD6RZTXH
%6DYDGRJRDUHQFRQWUpHORUVGHVHVHQTXrWHVGHWHUUDLQj1LRURGX6DKHO
ibid VHORQODTXHOOH6KHLNKQkQHVWSDVSHWLWQHVWSDVJUDQGLOQHVWSDVQRLU
LOQHVWSDVEODQF$FHX[TXLGRXWHUDLWGXQWHOUHJDUGSRUWpDXVXMHWGX&KpULI
TXL QHVW TXXQH pYRFDWLRQ V\PEROLTXH GH VD QDWXUH PXKDPPDGLHQQH GH
Barzakh TXLOV MXJHQW FH TXH UDSSRUWH +DPSkWp %k j SURSRV GH VRQ 0DvWUH
7LHUQR %RNDU &KRVH pWUDQJH VRQ DVSHFW H[WpULHXU pWDLW OREMHW GH
FKDQJHPHQWV TXL QRXV VWXSpILDLHQW &HUWDLQV MRXUV RQ FUR\DLW YRLU XQ YLHLOODUG
GHDQVWRXWULGp le visage couleur de cendre6HV\HX[TXLODYDLWWUqVJUDQGV
GHYHQDLHQW DORUV URXJHV HW FRPPH DYDOpV GDQV OHXUV RUELWHV $ GDXWUHV
PRPHQWV VRQ YLVDJH pWDLW DEVROXPHQW VDQV ULGHV VD SHDX GHYHQDLW OLVVH HW
OXPLQHXVH HW son teint dun noir dbne PDLV GXQ pEqQH VL EULOODQW TXH ORQ
SRXYDLWSUHVTXHYRLUVDSURSUHLPDJHVHUHIOpWHUVXUVRQIURQWVXUWRXWGDQVOHV
KHXUHVTXLSUpFpGDLHQWOHFRXFKHUGXVROHLO$SDUWLUGHlasrVRQIURQWGHYHQDLW
FRPPHXQPLURLU op. citS 6HVFKDQJHPHQWVGDSSDUHQFHVOHGpFULYHQW
j QHQ SDV GRXWHU FRPPH XQ puer-senex MHXQHYLHX[  j OLPDJH GHV
GHVFULSWLRQV FKULVWLTXHV 4XDQW j OD FDUDFWpULVWLTXH GH VRQ YLVDJH GrWUH QRLU
OXPLQHX[ LO HVW j UDSSURFKHU GX V\PEROLVPH GHV WrWHV QRLUHV pYRTXp
SUpFpGHPPHQW  &HX[ TXL FRQQDLVVHQW OHV WpPRLJQDJHV pWRQQDQWV ODLVVpV DX
VXMHW GH OD SHUVRQQDOLWp GH 5HQp *XpQRQ QDXURQW SDV PDO j UHVVHQWLU OHV
PrPHVUpVRQDQFHVVSLULWXHOOHV

 





5pYpODWHXUGHVSUpURJDWLYHVGHVDIRQFWLRQpPLQHQWHHW
GH VRQ PDQGDW XQLYHUVHO FRwQFLGDQW DYHF OD SOpQLWXGH GH VD
UpDOLVDWLRQVSLULWXHOOHGDQVODIRUPHPXKDPPDGLHQQHOHQRP
GX &KHLNK GH 1LRUR GRLW pJDOHPHQW UHFHOHU OHV VWUXFWXUHV
SURIRQGHVVXUOHVTXHOOHVVRQWEkWLVO,VODPHWVD5pYpODWLRQHQ
PrPH WHPSV TXLO GRLW HQ WUDGXLUH OD IRUPXODWLRQ GRFWULQDOH
VXSUrPHGpFULUHOpOLWHTXLODGpWLHQWHWRHOOHVHWLHQW6L
OHVQRPEUHVTXHQRXVDYRQVPLVHQOXPLqUHVRQWOHVSUHPLHUV
LQGLFHV GH FHWWH DUFKLWHFWXUH VDFUpH ORQRPDVWLH SURSUHPHQW
GLWH GX QRP GX 0DvWUH YD PDLQWHQDQW HQ DSSRUWHU OHV
FRQILUPDWLRQV
/HQRPpamallhHVWFRPSRVpGHpamHWGHAllhHW
D SRXU VLJQLILFDWLRQ SUHPLqUH OD SURWHFWLRQ G$OOkK
VLJQLILFDWLRQ VXU ODTXHOOH QRXV UHYLHQGURQVSOXVHQGpWDLO/H
SUHPLHU WHUPH GH OD UDFLQH +0< GpIHQGUH SURWpJHU 
YRLW GDQV OD SURQRQFLDWLRQ FRXUDQWH VD OHWWUH ILQDOH \k 
SURQRQFpHSRXUGHVUDLVRQVGHFRQYHQDQFHSKRQpWLTXH alif
maqsurah  TXL HVW GDLOOHXUV SOXV OD GpQRPLQDWLRQ
FRQYHQWLRQQHOOH GXQ VRQ TXXQH OHWWUH SURSUHPHQW GLWH
SXLVTXHSULPLWLYHPHQWHOOHQHQGLIIqUHSDVGDQVOpFULWXUH





0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ,TUkScience sacreQRVS
 pam HVW XQ pTXLYDOHQW GHV WHUPHV im HW imyah TXL H[SULPHQW
SULQFLSDOHPHQW OHV LGpHV GH SURWHFWLRQ GH UHIXJH RX HQFRUH GH
VDXYHJDUGH
/DSSDULWLRQWDUGLYHGHVSRLQWVGLDFULWLTXHVGDQVOpFULWXUHDUDEHDSHUPLV
GH OHV GLIIpUHQFLHU PDLV GDQV XQH FHUWDLQH PHVXUH VHXOHPHQW 3DU H[HPSOH OH
&RUDQVRXUFHSDUH[FHOOHQFHGHODODQJXHDUDEHFODVVLTXHTXLLQWqJUHWRXWHVOHV
QRUPHV YRFDOLTXHV H[LVWDQWHV OH GLVWLQJXH SDU OH alif VXVFULW DX GHVVXV GH OXL
/alif maqurahHQWDQWTXHOHWWUHpFULWHDGRQFODYDOHXUGHODOHWWUHy


&HWWHIRUPHGXQRPGX&KHLNKTXLHVWXQDQLPHPHQW
DWWHVWpH GDQV WRXWHV OHV VRXUFHV VFULSWXUDLUHV GH OD YRLH
+DPZvH D GHV SURSULpWpV UHPDUTXDEOHV SXLVTXH OH WHUPH
am D SRXU YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH  &H QRPEUH GRQW QRXV
DYRQVSDUOpSUpFpGHPPHQWHVWOHYRLVLQGXQRPEUHSRODLUH
SDU H[FHOOHQFH PDLV DXVVL VRXV XQ DXWUH UDSSRUW VRQ
SURWHFWHXU FRQIRUPpPHQW DX VHQV pYRTXp SDU OD UDFLQH
pMY 1RXV DMRXWHURQV GH QRXYHDX HW SRXU OHV PrPHV
UDLVRQV TXH SUpFpGHPPHQW OXQLWp GX QRP $OOkK SRXU
TXDSSDUDLVVH OH QRPEUH  VLJQDWXUH QXPpULTXH
IRQGDPHQWDOH GX 3{OH &HFL pWDQW LO QRXV IDXW PDLQWHQDQW
LQVLVWHU VXU XQH VLQJXOLqUH SDUWLFXODULWp GDQV OH QRP PrPH GX
&KHLNK TXL RXYUH GH QRXYHOOHV SHUVSHFWLYHV GH
FRPSUpKHQVLRQ GDQV XQ GHV UDUHV GRFXPHQWV TXH QRXV
SRVVpGRQV GX 0DvWUH VD JpQpDORJLH &KpULILHQQH pFULWH GH VD
PDLQ PrPH OH y GH VRQ QRP VH WURXYH P\VWpULHXVHPHQW
RFFXOWp /D VXEWLOLVDWLRQ GH OD OHWWUH y RSpUpH SDU OH &KHLNK
GDQV OpFULWXUH GH VRQ SURSUH QRP GRLW DORUV rWUH FRQVLGpUpH
FRPPHXQHIsharhRXLQGLFDWLRQVXEWLOHjODIRLVGHODSODFH
FHQWUDOHTXHFHWWHOHWWUHRFFXSHGDQVVRQQRPPDLVDXVVLGHOD
VWUXFWXUH TXL OHQYHORSSH 6RXV FHWWH JUDSKLH SULPRUGLDOH OD
YDOHXU QXPpULTXH GH VRQ QRP HVW DORUV   QRPEUH
SDUDFKHYp GHV VRXUDWHV GX &RUDQ GRQW OH FXU HVW OD VRXUDWH
Yasn HW j ODTXHOOH UHQYRLH OH y RFFXOWp TXL UpVLGH FDFKp DX
FHQWUHGXQRPpamallhHWHQDVVXUHVHFUqWHPHQWODYLWDOLWp
([WUDLWGXQSRqPHKDPDZv



Hamallh nest pas cach celui dou de vue intrieure,


il est le Ple du Secours, le Singulier, le gnreux, le bien dispos.
 6LJQDORQV j FH VXMHW TXHQ DUDEH OH PRW jrYRLVLQDDXVVLOHVHQVGH

SURWHFWHXU $ FHWWH QRWLRQ GH YRLVLQDJH QXPpUDO pWXGLpH SDU 0XKDPPDG


9kOVDQQRWDPPHQWjWUDYHUVOHWHUPHWHFKQLTXH jr Cf. Science sacreQRV
S   VDMRXWH FHOOH GH SURWHFWLRQ QXPpUDOH GRQW QRXV YHUURQV SOXV ORLQ XQ
H[HPSOH
/HIDFVLPLOpGHFHGRFXPHQWVHWURXYHHQDQQH[HGXOLYUHGH0RQVLHXU
7UDRUp 1RXV OH UHSUHQRQV pJDOHPHQW LFL HQ $QQH[H 1RWRQV TXLO PHQWLRQQH
GHX[GHVHVDVFHQGDQWVKRPRQ\PHVVHORQODPrPHJUDSKLH
mallh  
Cf0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ5*GHOD6DXOD\H
 


)DFVLPLOpGHOpFULWXUHGHVRQSURSUHQRPSDU

OH&KHLNK+DPDOOkK cf.*pQpDORJLHHQ$QQH[H 


$LQVL LGHQWLILp DX &RUDQ OD UHODWLRQ GX &KHLNK DYHF
OXQLWpGXRXwhidTXLOHTXDOLILHHQWDQWTXH3{OHDSSDUDvW
GqV ORUV WUqV FODLUHPHQW VD PDQLIHVWDWLRQ GDQV OH PRQGH
UHSURGXLW OH SURFHVVXV PrPH GH OD GHVFHQWH FRUDQLTXH HW VH
WUDGXLW QXPpULTXHPHQW GX SRLQW GH YXH SULQFLSLHO SDU OD
SURMHFWLRQ GX  GDQV OH VpQDLUH VSDWLRWHPSRUHO  [   RX
LQYHUVHPHQW GX SRLQW GH YXH LQGLYLGXHO SDU OD UpDFWLRQ GHV
FRQGLWLRQV GH OH[LVWHQFH FRUSRUHOOH TXH VRQW OH WHPSV HW
OHVSDFHVXUOHSULQFLSHXQLTXH [ 'DQVOHVGHX[FDVOH
QRPEUH  TXL HQ UpVXOWH V\PEROLVHUD OD SDUIDLWH XQLRQ GX
YHUEH HW GH VRQ UpFHSWDFOH FKDUQHO /H QRPEUH  YpULWDEOH
KLpURJO\SKH GX PRXYHPHQW FLUFRQYROXWLI GX 9HUEH HVW
SDUIDLWHPHQWLGHQWLILDEOHjODOHWWUHZDZ GHYDOHXU VHORQ
Oabjad PDLVVLWXpGDQVXQHSRVLWLRQLQYHUVHTXLHVWFHOOHGX
QRPEUH  &H UHQYHUVHPHQW GX  HQ  VXJJqUH SDU FHWWH
RSpUDWLRQ QXPpULTXH OH GpURXOHPHQW DXWRXU GH OD[H GX
QRPEUH  SURGXLVDQW OD PDQLIHVWDWLRQ /H WHUPH wujd TXL
GpVLJQHjODIRLVO(WUHSXUHWVDPDQLIHVWDWLRQQHQRXVSHUPHW
SDVGHQGRXWHUVLRQOHGpFRPSRVHHQ waw-jd&HPDvWUH
PRWGHYDOHXUGDQVVRQpWDWSULQFLSLHOSRUWHHQVRQVHLQOD
OHWWUH waw GX YHUEH XQLYHUVHO ODTXHOOH DJLW VRXV OLPSXOVLRQ
GH OD *pQpURVLWp GLYLQH Jd  SRXU GRQQHU QDLVVDQFH j
OH[LVWHQFHwujdGRQWODYDOHXUGpYHORSSpHHVWGH






/HVFKpPDJpRPpWULTXHFLGHVVXVWUDQVPLVSDU7LHUQR

%RNDU TXHQRXVDYRQVFRPSOpWpGH wwDX[H[WUpPLWpV
&IScience

sacreQRVS



SRXUQRWUHH[SRVpUpYqOHODVWUXFWXUHIRQGDPHQWDOHGX/RJRV
XQLYHUVHOGpVSpFLILpGHWRXWHH[SUHVVLRQOLWWpUDOHHWVDSSOLTXH
DGpTXDWHPHQWFRPPHRQSHXWOHYRLUjOLGHQWLWpVSLULWXHOOH
GH VRQ PDvWUH +DPDOOkK GRQW OH QRPEUH  FRUUHVSRQG
DORUV j OXQLRQ GHV GHX[ QDWXUHV TXH GpVLJQHQW OHV GHX[
WULDQJOHV LQYHUVpV /D UpFHSWLRQ YLUJLQDOH GH FH 9HUEH FKH]
7LHUQR %RNDU DWWHVWH GXQH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ HIILFLHQWH DX FXU
GH VRQ rWUH GH FH PrPH 3ULQFLSH WUDQVFHQGDQW YLWDO HW
DJLVVDQW 1RXV FLWHURQV j FHW HIIHW XQH SDUDEROH VRXV
IRUPH GH VHUPHQW GX VDJH GH %DQGLDJDUD TXL GpFULW VRQ
LGHQWLWp SURIRQGH DYHF VRQ 0DvWUH GDQV XQ SURFHVVXV GH
GpSRXLOOHPHQWMXVTXDX3ULQFLSHYLWDOHWPrPHDXGHOjj
$PDGRX+DPSkWp%kTXLODFFXHLOODLWjVRQUHWRXUGH1LRUROH
&KHLNKGLWGHPDQLqUHDEUXSWHMDLYXOKRPPH-HODLWURXYp
HWje me suis retrouv en lui-HODLUHFRQQX7RXWFHTXHMDYDLV
MH ODL GpSRVpjVHVSLHGV-HOXLDLGHPDQGpGHPHGRQQHUFH
TXLODYDLWHWLOPHODGRQQp-HQREOLJHUDLQLpOqYHQLSDUHQWQL
DPLjPHVXLYUHGDQVFHWWHYRLH0DLVTXDQWjPRLmme si ma
peau devait se sparer de ma chair, ma chair de mes nerfs, mes
nerfs de mes os et mes os de ma moelle, si ma moelle lchait
Chrif Hamallh, je lcherais ma moelle /H WHUPH

WHFKQLTXHSRXUGpVLJQHUODPRHOOHXWLOLVpSDU7LHUQR%RNDUHVW

 1DYDLWLO SDV XQ QRP SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW SUpGLVSRVpFHOXLTXLGHYDLWrWUH


OXQGHVGpSRVLWDLUHVGpOHFWLRQGHVHVVHFUHWV"/HQRP%RNDURXEDNUVXU
OHTXHO QRXV DXURQV j UHYHQLU GpVLJQH HQ DUDEH XQHMHXQHYLHUJHXQHSHUOH
QRQSHUFpHFHTXLSODFHOH7LHUQRGDQVXQHUHODWLRQSDUWLFXOLqUHDYHFOD9LHUJH
SRUWDQW$LVVOH9HUEHG$OOkK Kalimatu-Llh 
$PDGRXKDPSkWp%kUDSSRUWHDXVXMHWGHODUHQFRQWUHGH7LHUQR%RNDU
HWGX&KHLNK+DPDOOkK3HXDYDQWOKHXUHGHODSULqUHGX=RKRXUOH&KpULI
DSSDUXW &KDFXQ SXW YRLU TXLO SRUWDLW H[DFWHPHQW OH PrPH YrWHPHQW TXH
7LHUQR PrPH ERXERX PrPH WRXUWLO >@ PrPH ERQQHW On et dit quils
taient le reflet lun de lautre 7LHUQR FRPPH LO PH OH UDFRQWD HQ UHVWD VDQV
SDUROHV&KpULI+DPDOOkKVHSUpFLSLWDYHUVOXLOXLGRQQDODPDLQHWVRXULW(K
ELHQGLWLOQRXVVRPPHVKDELOOpVGHODPrPHIDoRQ op. citS&HVWQRXV
TXLVRXOLJQRQV 
6XUFHWWHQRWLRQGHGpSRXLOOHPHQWRX tajrdVHORQOpVRWpULVPHLVODPLTXH
cf5*GH/D6DXOD\HLQScience sacre spcial GunonSSHWVXLY
Vie et enseignement de Tierno BokarS&HVWQRXVTXLVRXOLJQRQV
 

VDQVGRXWHmbouooHWTXLHQDUDEHVHGLWmukhkh&HGHUQLHU
WHUPHHVWOXLPrPHLVVXGXQYRFDEOHPqUHmuGRQWLOQHVH
GLVWLQJXH TXH SDU ODMRXW GXQ SRLQW GLDFULWLTXH  HW TXL
H[SULPH OXL OLGpH SOXV JpQpUDOH GH TXLQWHVVHQFH 5DPHQp j
VHVGHX[OHWWUHVIRQGDPHQWDOHVFHWHUPHTXLHVWODQDJUDPPH
LQYHUVH GHV OHWWUHV p-Mm HVW UpYpODWHXU j FHW pJDUG GXQ
V\PEROLVPHTXLUHMRLQWFHOXLGHODSDUDEROHpYRTXpH(QHIIHW
VD YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH TXH ORQ SRXUUD FRQVLGpUHU FRPPH VD
PRHOOHQXPpULTXHHVWGH  TXLHVWOHQRPEUHGHVQRPV
DWWULEXWLIVG$OOkKVHORQODWUDGLWLRQ6LOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkK
GpWHQWHXUGX1RPVXEOLPHHWVXSUrPHOD3HUIHFWLRQGX 
TXLQHIDLWSDVSDUWLHGHVIXWOH3{OHLQWpULHXUGXVDJHGH
%DQGLDJDUDFHOXLFLQHGHYDLWLOSDVGpSDVVHUODSURSUHPRHOOH
GHV 1RPV GLYLQV SRXU QH VDWWDFKHU TXj FHOXL TXL HQ HVW OH
VHFUHW HW OD VRXUFH WKpRSKDQLTXH O+RPPH XQLYHUVHO OXL
PrPH"
7LHUQR%RNDUVH[SULPDLWHWGRQQDLWVRQHQVHLJQHPHQWHQODQJXHSHXOHOH
IXOIXOGp GRQW OH FDUDFWqUH V\QWKpWLTXH OH UDSSURFKH GHV ODQJXHV VpPLWLTXHV
FRPPHOKpEUHXRXODUDEH2QUHJUHWWHUDTX$PDGRX+DPSkWp%kQDLWSDVHX
OHVRXFLGHSUpFLVHUOHVWHUPHVWHFKQLTXHVTXXWLOLVDLW7LHUQR%RNDUTXLHQWDQW
TXH 0DvWUH GH 3DUROH GHYDLW VH[SULPHU GDQV XQ ODQJDJH SULPRUGLDOHWSDUIDLW
YpKLFXODQWOHVSXUHVYLEUDWLRQVVSLULWXHOOHVGX0RQGHDUFKpW\SDO&LWRQVDXVXMHW
GXWUDYDLOGHWUDGXFWLRQG+DPSkWp%kFHWH[WUDLWGXQHOHWWUHGDWpHGXMDQYLHU
jODWWHQWLRQGHVRQDPL7KpRGRUH0RQRGTXLVXLYDLWGHSUqVOHSURMHWGH
SXEOLFDWLRQ GH OHQVHLJQHPHQW GH 7LHUQR %RNDU4XDQG MH ILV SDUW j PRQ
RQFOH GH PRQ LQWHQWLRQ GH WUDGXLUH HQ IUDQoDLV VRQ XYUH RUDOH LO
PHQFRXUDJHDPDLVPHFRQVHLOODLQVWDPPHQWGHUHFKHUFKHUOHVWHUPHVIUDQoDLV
OHV SOXV DSSURSULpV SRXU TXDOLILHU OHV FKRVHV P\VWLTXHV DILQ GrWUH PLHX[
HQWHQGXGHV(XURSpHQVOH3URSKqWHPHGpFODUDWLODGLW3DUOH]DX[JHQVj
ODPHVXUHGHOHXUHQWHQGHPHQW
CfODUWLFOHIqrScience sacreQS
mm 
 Cf. OHKDGvWK$OOkKD1RPVPRLQVXQFHOXLTXLOHVpQXPqUH
HQWUHDX3DUDGLV
&KHLNKDO'DEEkJKKitb al-IbrzFKDSS%H\URXWK



" (    ) *



H SURIRQG DWWDFKHPHQW DX 3{OH YLYDQW KDPDZv GRQW
7LHUQR %RNDU IXW XQ WpPRLQ SULYLOpJLp VHUD SRXU OXL OD
FDXVHGHSHUVpFXWLRQVTXLOVXELWHQYpULWDEOHPDUW\U6pTXHVWUp
jGHPHXUHSDUODXWRULWpWHPSRUHOOHHWGpFKDUJpGHVDIRQFWLRQ
GHQVHLJQDQWFRUDQLTXHSRXUDYRLUIDLWDOOpJHDQFHDX&KpULIGH
1LRURHWVrWUHDLQVLSODFpVRXVOpJLGHVSLULWXHOOHGXQRPEUH
 7LHUQR %RNDU WRPED JUDYHPHQW PDODGH HW PRXUXW GDQV
OLVROHPHQWVpSDUpGHVHVGLVFLSOHVHWGHVHQIDQWVGHVRQpFROH
FRUDQLTXHDSUqVDYRLUDFFRPSOLXQF\FOHGH DQQpHVHQFH
PRQGH GRQW HQWDQWTXH0DvWUHHWHQVHLJQDQW,OQHVWSDV
LQXWLOHGHUDSSHOHULFLTXHFHOXLTXLDOODLWjODPRUWFRPPHj
XQH IrWH TXLWWD FH PRQGH HQ XQ MRXUSRXUOHPRLQVIHVWLI
SXLVTXLO VDJLW GX MRXU Gshrh OH  GX PRLV VDFUp GH
Muharram1RXVQHSRXYRQVVRQJHULFLjUHQGUHFRPSWHGH
WRXWHV OHV WUDGLWLRQV UHODWLYHV j FH MRXU XQLYHUVHO HW QRXV
PHQWLRQQHURQV VLPSOHPHQW LFL VRQ FDUDFWqUH WRWDOLVDWHXU
SURSLFHjODQDLVVDQFHGHO(VSULW(QHIIHWVHORQXQHWUDGLWLRQ
UHSULVH SDU OH[pJqWH FRUDQLTXH 6X\Wv -pVXV HVW Qp XQ MRXU
Gshrh  MRXU TXL FRwQFLGD GRQF DYHF OH 1RsO GH OD
WUDGLWLRQFKUpWLHQQHPDUTXDQWODQDLVVDQFHGX&KULVWOHPDUW\U
SDU H[FHOOHQFH$LQVLjODQDLVVDQFHDYDWkULTXHTXLH[SULPHOH
6DFULILFH GLYLQ GX UpGHPSWHXU FRUUHVSRQGUD DQDORJLTXHPHQW
XQHUHPRQWpHDX3ULQFLSHGHVrWUHVVSLULWXHOVTXLSDUWLFLSHQWGH
VRQW\SHVSLULWXHOjWUDYHUVXQPDUW\UHHIIHFWLI/HFDVOHSOXV
FpOqEUH HVW FHOXL GH 6D\\LGLQk DO+XVVHLQ OH SHWLWILOV GX

6XUODV\PEROLTXHGXQRPEUHHWODIIDLUHGLWHGHVRQ]HJUDLQVFIVie

et EnseignementS

1pHQLOHVWPRUWOHIpYULHU
 'DSUqV OH WpPRLJQDJH GH 1pQp 7KLDP VD SUHPLqUH pSRXVH Vie et
enseignement de Tierno BokarS
 'H ODQ  GH O+pJLUH  IpYULHU   /X  OH V\PEROLVPH
QXPpULTXHGHFHWWHDQQpHDSSDUDvWFODLUHPHQWFHVWOXQLWpSUHPLqUHTXLXQLILH
OHHQXQ{FRPELHQVLJQLILFDWLIGXQHWRWDOLVDWLRQILQDOH
6X\Wv Tafsr9ROFRPPHQWDLUHGXYHUVHW7RXVOHV3URSKqWHV
VRQWOLpVDXMRXUGshrGRQWOHVHFUHWHVWO,QWHUFHVVLRQPXKDPPDGLHQQH
 

3URSKqWHPRUWGpFDSLWpOHMRXUGchrhORUVGHODEDWDLOOHGH
.HUEDODHWGRQWOHPDUW\UHVWIrWpFRPPpPRUDWLYHPHQWjFHWWH
GDWHVLV\PEROLTXH4XDQWjODOXWWHGH7LHUQR%RNDUFRQWUHOD
PDODGLH UDSSHORQV TXj OD ILQ GH VD ORQJXH DJRQLH 7LHUQR
%RNDUSHUGLWMXVTXjOXVDJHGHODSDUROHHOOHPrPHHWVHORQOHV
WpPRLQV SUpVHQWV FHVW VLOHQFLHXVHPHQW TXLO ILW ODWWHVWDWLRQ
ILQDOHGHO8QLWpGLYLQHSRLQWDQWVXUVRQFXUVRQLQGH[WHQGX
&HWWH GHUQLqUH ishrah RX LQGLFDWLRQ VXEWLOH SURSUH DX
ODQJDJHGHVVRXILVFRQVWLWXHYpULWDEOHPHQWOHVFHDXGHVDYLH
HWGHVRQHQVHLJQHPHQW(QLQGLTXDQWDLQVLOHYasnGHVRQrWUH
SDUXQV\PEROHD[LDOGHO8QLWpGLYLQHFHVWOH3{OHOXLPrPH
UpVLGDQWDXFXUGXPRQGHTXLpWDLWDLQVLGpVLJQp6LORQVXLW
OLQGLFDWLRQ LFL GRQQpH SDU 7LHUQR %RNDU HQ DSSOLTXDQW
OLWWpUDOHPHQW FH V\PEROLVPH GDQV OH GRPDLQH GH ODQJXH DUDEH
VDFUpH OD SURSUH VWDWLRQ GX 0DvWUH GRLW LQGXELWDEOHPHQW VH
UpYpOHUHWUpYpOHUjVRQWRXUXQDVSHFWWHFKQLTXHGXSURFHVVXV
LQLWLDWLTXH
/DSUpVHQFHGHODOHWWUHSRODLUH alifLQLWLDOHGX1RP
$OOkKGDQVOHPRWqalb OHFXUHVWODSUpURJDWLYHPrPH
GX WHUPH qlib  TXL VLO GpVLJQH DX VHQV H[WpULHXU
OHQYHORSSH FRUSRUHOOH RX OH PRXOH GXQH FKRVH LO SHXW
DXVVLGpVLJQHUDXVHQVLQLWLDWLTXHOHFXUGHYHQXPDWULFLHOHW
LOOXVWUHSDUFHWWHRSpUDWLRQOLWWpUDOHOHKDGvWKTXGVv 0DWHUUH
HW 0RQ FLHO QH SHXYHQW 0H FRQWHQLU PDLV OH FXU GH 0RQ
VHUYLWHXU FUR\DQW 0H FRQWLHQW  3DU OD FRQFHQWUDWLRQ
DFWLYH GH WRXWHV VHV SXLVVDQFHV DX FHQWUH GH OXLPrPH DX
PRPHQW GH OD PRUW OrWUH VRXYUH DORUV VXU OH 3{OH XQLTXH
8QH ishrahHVWOLWWpUDOHPHQWXQVLJQHIDLWGHODPDLQRXHQPRQWUDQW
GXGRLJW
&HKDGvWKGRQWODYDOLGLWpQHVWSDVUHFRQQXHSDUOHVVDYDQWVH[RWpULTXHV
HVW VRXYHQW FLWp SDU OH &KHLNK DO$NEDU HW VRQ pFROH FH TXL QRXV SHUPHW GH
GpGXLUH TXLOV RQW UHFRQQX VRQ DXWKHQWLFLWp FRPPH FHOOH GH WDQW GDXWUHV
pJDOHPHQW UHMHWpV SDU OD YRLH GX GpYRLOHPHQW LQLWLDWLTXH al-kashf  6XU FHWWH
TXHVWLRQ cf ,EQ $UDEv Le Livre de lExtinction dans la Contemplation S
3DULV WUDGXLWSDUHWDQQRWpSDU0LFKHO9kOVDQ 
 2Q QRWHUD TXH OH WHUPH qlib HVW SUpFLVpPHQW OH QRP GDJHQW TXL
H[SULPHGRQFOLGpHGHVHIDLUHFXUHQDFWH



O(VSULWGH0XKDPPDG UHSUpVHQWpSDUOAlifTXLSRUWH
ODVqYHjWRXW+RPPHXQLYHUVHOHWOHYLYLILHGHVRQLQIOX[
madad  /H UpVXOWDW GH FHW DFWH YLWDO TXL VREWLHQW SDU OH
GpYHORSSHPHQWQXPpULTXHGXPRWqlibUpYqOHOHQRPEUH
OHTXHO XQLWOHVGHX[V\PEROLVPHVSRODLUHHWVRODLUHUHSUpVHQWpV
UHVSHFWLYHPHQWSDUOD[HHWOHFXU&HWWHLOOXPLQDWLRQVRODLUH
ILQDOH GH 7LHUQR %RNDU TXL VFHOOH VRQ F\FOH LQGLYLGXHO SDU
FRQYHUVLRQLPPpGLDWHWUDGXLWVDVWDWLRQSHUPDQHQWHDXSUqVGH
VRQ0DvWUH+DPDOOkKXQHGHVFRXYHUWXUHVQRPLQDOHVGX3{OH
XQLYHUVHO ,GUvV DX FLHO FHQWUDO GX 6ROHLO VLqJH GH OD WUDGLWLRQ
SULPRUGLDOH SDUFH TXLOV IRQW SDUWLH GHV YLYDQWV TXL \
UpVLGHQWpWHUQHOOHPHQW(QHIIHWVHORQODGRFWULQHDNEDULHQQH
/H3{OHQHQWUHHQSRVVHVVLRQGHVDIRQFWLRQTXDSUqVDYRLU
V\QWKpWLVp HQ OXL WRXV OHV pWDWV VSLULWXHOV HW WRXWHV OHV VWDWLRQV
TXHGRLYHQWSDUFRXULUOHVLWLQpUDQWV slikn VWDWLRQVGRQWOD
SUHPLqUHHVWOHUHSHQWLUHWODGHUQLqUHODSHUPDQHQFH&HOXLTXL
SRVVqGHFHWLWUHGHSOHLQGURLWOHOLHXWHQDQWUpHOOHPHQWSDUIDLW
QHVW DXWUH TXH OH 3URSKqWH ,GUvV  VXU OXL OD 3DL[ 9RLOj
SRXUTXRL'LHXTXLHVWOH9LYDQWTXLQHPHXUWSRLQWODODLVVp
HQ YLH FRUSV HW kPH HW TXLO QH FRQQDLWUD SRLQW OD PRUW >@
'LHX OXL D DVVLJQp SRXU GHPHXUH OH TXDWULqPH FLHO TXL HVW OH
FXU GX PRQGH $XGHVVXV HW DXGHVVRXV GH FH PRQGH VRQW
VLWXpHV  VSKqUHV 7RXV OHV 3{OHV TXL DSSDUDLVVHQW HW
GLVSDUDLVVHQW HQ VH WUDQVPHWWDQW OD IRQFWLRQ G,GUvV HQ JXLVH
GKpULWDJH QH VRQW GRQF TXH VHV VXEVWLWXWV (QWUH WRXV OHV
VDLQWVVHXOVOHV3{OHVVDYHQWFHODDXPRPHQWRLOVKpULWHQWGH
FHWWH GLJQLWp  2Q UHPDUTXHUD j WLWUH GH FRQILUPDWLRQ
QXPpULTXH TXH OD YDOHXU RFFLGHQWDOH G,GUvV TXL HVW GH  
HVWDXVVLFHOOHGHOH[SUHVVLRQIdrs Qutbu-z-zamn ,GUvVHVW
Fut9ROS
Fut9ROS
/H&KHLNKDO$NEDULQGLTXHFHWDVSHFWOXPLQHX[GHOD0DWULFHjWUDYHUV
XQHH[SUHVVLRQXQLTXHGDQVOHVFutt SRqPHLQWURGXFWLIGXFKDS OHV
DQJHVVRQWGHVFHQGXVGH6RQUR\DXPHFpOHVWH malaktihi GDQVOD0DWULFHGHV
/XPLqUHV Qlib al-Anwr DYHFOHVVHFUHWV
$O$PLU$EGXO4kGLUKitb al-MawqifQSWUDG$3HQRW
idrs  
idrsq balzman 
 

OH 3{OH GX 7HPSV  VHORQ VD YDOHXU FHWWH IRLVFL RULHQWDOH GH
VRQQRPTXLDSSDUDvWDLQVLFRPPHXQHPLVHHQOXPLqUHGHVD
IRQFWLRQ
7LHUQR%RNDUSRXUSRXYRLUUHFRQQDvWUHFHWWHGHUQLqUH
VH OLYUD j XQH VpYqUH GLVFLSOLQH VSLULWXHOOH VHORQ GHV
UHFRPPDQGDWLRQV TXLO UHoXW GHV OLHX[ VDLQWV DSUqV XQ MHQH
GHWURLVDQVHWGHVULWHVSDUWLFXOLHUVLOIXWJUDWLILpSDUXQHYLVLRQ
DSRFDO\SWLTXH GX Qub DSSDUDLVVDQW VRXV OHV WUDLWV GX &KpULI
+DPDOODK HW TXLO OXL UHODWD ORUV GH OHXU UHQFRQWUH j 1LRUR HQ
GRQWYRLFLXQH[WUDLW8QYHQWGHWRUQDGHVHOHYDTXLILW
PRQWHU GH OKRUL]RQ XQ QXDJH VFLQWLOODQW 'H FH QXDJH
VpFKDSSDLWXQFKDQW1RXVUHFRQQPHVODIRUPXOHGXGKLNU
L ilha illa-Llh)LJpVGHFUDLQWHQRXVUHJDUGLRQVYHQLUVXU
QRXV FHWWH pWUDQJH QXpH (OOH DUULYDLW GDQV OH FLHO comme un
cheval au galop /RUVTXHOOH IXW SDUYHQXH DX ]pQLWK HOOH VH
GpVDJUpJHD (OOH pWDLW IDLWH GXQH IRXOH GKRPPHV DLOpV HW OH
PRXYHPHQWGHOHXUVDLOHVSURYRTXDLWOHVFLQWLOOHPHQWTXLQRXV
DYDLW IUDSSpV >@ 8QH DXWUH UDIDOH GH YHQW QRXV DSSRUWD XQ
VHFRQG QXDJH GKRPPHV DLOpV >@ 3XLV XQ WURLVLqPH /HV
QXDJHV pWDLHQW WRXMRXUV SOXV VFLQWLOODQWV HW OHV YRL[ TXL
FKDQWDLHQW OD IRUPXOH VDFUpH GHYHQDLHQW j FKDTXH
UHQRXYHOOHPHQW GH QXpHV WRXMRXUV SOXV KDUPRQLHXVHV
Derrire le troisime nuage, un homme cheval parut /H
FDYDOLHUpWDLWPDVTXpHWLOWHQDLWXQFKDSHOHWGDQVVDPDLQ$OD
WrWH GX FKHYDO (O +DGM 2PDU WHQDLW OD EULGH $ FHV PRWV OH
&KpULI LQWHUURPSLW 7LHUQR FRPPHQW DVWX UHFRQQX (O +DGM
2PDU"7LHUQRUpSRQGLWVRQQRPpWDLWLQVFULWHQOHWWUHVGH
IHXVXUVDSRLWULQH/HFKHYDOVHFDEUDLWGDQVOHYHQW(O+DGM
2PDUVDFFURFKDLWjODEULGH8QHUDIDOHUHWURXVVDODFULQLqUHGX
FKHYDOHWILWJOLVVHUOHFKqFKHVXUOHYLVDJHGXFDYDOLHU-DWWHVWH
GHYDQW'LHXTXHOHYLVDJHTXLPDSSDUXWDORUVMHPHQDSHUoRLV
DXMRXUGKXL pWDLW OH WLHQ 6L OHV WURLV QXDJHV VXFFHVVLIV
SHXYHQW rWUH PLV HQ FRUUHVSRQGDQFH DYHF OHV GHVFHQWHV
DQJpOLTXHV GHV KLpUDUFKLHV FpOHVWHV GHV WURLV SUHPLHUV FLHX[
 
Vie et enseignementS&HVWQRXVTXLVRXOLJQRQV


SODQpWDLUHV DORUV OD 7KpRSKDQLH GX FDYDOLHU FpOHVWH SURFqGH


DORUV QpFHVVDLUHPHQW GX qPH FLHO FHOXL GX 6ROHLO TXL HVW OD
UpVLGHQFH GX 3{OH 2Q UHPDUTXHUD OD FRwQFLGHQFH
H[FHSWLRQQHOOHDYHFODYLVLRQGHVDLQW-HDQDORUVMHYLVOHFLHO
RXYHUW YRLFL XQ FKHYDO EODQF  FHOXL TXL OH PRQWH VDSSHOOH
)LGqOHHW9pULGLTXH,OMXJHHWLOFRPEDWDYHFMXVWLFH6HV\HX[
VRQW XQH IODPPH DUGHQWH  VXU VD WrWH GH QRPEUHXVHV
FRXURQQHV HW LQVFULW VXU OXL HVW XQ QRP TXLO HVW VHXO j
FRQQDvWUH ,O HVW UHYrWX GXQ PDQWHDX WUHPSp GH VDQJ HW LOVH
QRPPHOH9HUEHGH'LHX/HVDUPpHVGXFLHOOHVXLYDLHQWVXU
GHV FKHYDX[ EODQFV >@ 6XU VRQ PDQWHDX HW VXU VD FXLVVH LO
SRUWHXQQRPpFULW5RLGHVURLVHW6HLJQHXUGHVVHLJQHXUV
 $ILQ GH FRPSOpWHU OD YLVLRQ GH 7LHUQR %RNDU QRXV
PHQWLRQQHURQV PDLQWHQDQW OHV LQVLJQHV UR\DX[ GX
&KHLNK+DPDOODK GpFODPpV SDU XQ DXWUH GH VHVOLHXWHQDQWVOH
6D\\LG 0XKDPPDG DO+DVVDQ GDQV XQ SRqPH  YRLFL PRQ
6KHLNK+LPDO,OkK>@LOSRUWHVXUODWrWHHQIDLWGHFRXURQQHV
tijn ODFRXURQQHGX6FHDXODFRXURQQHGHOD6FLHQFHHWGHOD
5HOLJLRQDLQVLTXHODFRXURQQHGHODUpDOLVDWLRQGHVFHQGDQWH
al-wujd ath-thn  >@ VXU VD WrWH VH WURXYH OD FRXURQQH GX
&DOLIDWSRXU$OOkK>@LODHQYpULWpOHSRXYRLUGX solveHWGX
coagula al-hall wa-l-aqd HWGHVpSDUHUFHTXLHVWMRLQWSDUOH
furqn2QQHVHUDSDVVXUSULVGHYRLUODPHQWLRQGXwujd
thnOLWWODGHX[LqPHH[LVWHQFHTXHORQSHXWPHWWUHLFLHQ
UHODWLRQGLUHFWHDYHFFHWWHDXJXVWHGHVFHQWHUR\DOH
&HV GLIIpUHQWHV FRXURQQHV VRQW XQH H[SOLFLWDWLRQ GX
QRP IRQFWLRQQHO at-tijn SXLVTXLO GpVLJQH OH IDLW GrWUH
SOXVLHXUV IRLV FRXURQQp 1RXV DWWLURQV SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW
ODWWHQWLRQVXUOHIDLWTXHFHQRPSUpVHQWHXQHVLQJXODULWpGDQV
OHSRqPHFLWpOHPRWFRXURQQHVDpWppFULWWLMkQ  DXOLHX
GXSOXULHODWWHQGXWvMkQ DYHFXQyHWFHFLQHSHXWrWUH
TXXQH DOOXVLRQ DX QRP GX &KHLNK DW7LMkQv  TXL QH
FRPSRUWHSDVFH ySRXUWDQWFRQVWLWXWLIGXSOXULHO5HOHYRQV
TXH VRXV FHWWH IRUPH tijn D SRXU YDOHXU QXPpULTXH  TXL
ApocalypseHW
Al-Yaqt

wa-l-MarjnSS

 

HVW FHOOH GH Muhammad RasluLlh   FH TXL UHQYRLH j OD
FRXYHUWXUH PXKDPPDGLHQQH GX 4XWE 4XDQW j YDOHXU GX
WHUPHDW7LMkQvHOOHHVWGHHQWHQDQWFRPSWHGHODEVHQFH
GX y TXL DSSDUDvW YpULWDEOHPHQW FRPPH ORFFXOWDWLRQ GH OD
IRQFWLRQ SRODLUH YLYDQWH (Q HIIHW VL ORQ UHVWLWXH
ORUWKRJUDSKHUpHOOHGHVRQQRPSDUODMRXWGX yPDQTXDQW
 RQ REWLHQW DORUV OD YDOHXU  G,GUvV  OH Qub
YLYDQW /HQWUpH GH 7LHUQR %RNDU GDQV OD ]DZL\D GX &KpULI
+DPDOODK GRLW LQGXELWDEOHPHQW rWUH PDUTXpH GX VFHDX GH
FHWWHUHFRQQDLVVDQFH9RLFLFHTXLOOXLIXWGLWSDUOH&KpULIGH
1LRUR-HGRQQHUDLDXMRXUGKXLj7LHUQR%RNDU la Clef qui
permettra de rentrer dans la demeure dAhmad Tijn MH OXL
GRQQH OH QRPEUH  Je lui donne ma main elle nen sortira
plus (Q OXL GRQQDQW VD PDLQ SRODLUH FHVW OD SXLVVDQFH
RSpUDWLYHGHODOHWWUH yGHYDOHXUHQOHWWUHVLPSOHHWHQ
YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH TXL OXL HVW HIIHFWLYHPHQW WUDQVPLVH &HVW
GRQFOHVHFUHWGHODPDLQFODYLJqUHTXLOXLSHUPHWGHUHQWUHU
GDQV OH QRP TXL DSSDUDvW LFL FRPPH OK\SRVWDVH GH OD
GHPHXUHGX5RLGX0RQGH/HQRPEUHGRLWDORUVrWUHYX
GDQV FHWWH FLUFRQVWDQFH FRPPH OH KLpURJO\SKH GHV GHX[
PDLQVUpXQLHVSDUOD0DLQGLYLQHSRODLUH GRQWODVRPPHHVWOH
QRPEUH  
&HV TXHOTXHV FRQVLGpUDWLRQV SHUPHWWHQW GDVVHQWLU
SRXUTXRL 7LHUQR %RNDU HQVHLJQDLW RXYHUWHPHQW O8QLWp
IRQGDPHQWDOH GHV IRUPHV WUDGLWLRQQHOOHV HW OHXU YDOLGLWp HQ
PRGHVLPXOWDQpHWOH[SUHVVLRQ Wadatu-l-AdynTXLH[SULPH
HQ DUDEHFHWWHH[SUHVVLRQDMXVWHPHQWSRXUYDOHXUOHQRPEUH
  6RQ FXU SRXU UHSUHQGUH OH FpOqEUH SRqPHG$PRXU
GLYLQ G,EQ $UDEv pWDLW GHYHQX FDSDEOH GDFFXHLOOLU WRXWH
t jan  
mmdr slallh 
 
altyjanyy 
 
idrs  
wdtalad i an 
 


IRUPH&HWWHFDSDFLWpGDFFXHLOGHWRXWHVOHVH[SUHVVLRQVGHOD
7UDGLWLRQ HVW H[SULPpH GDQV FH SRqPH VRXV IRUPH GH MHX GH
PRWVDYHF qalbSDUOHWHUPH qbil qad ra qalb qbilan 
&HGHUQLHUpYRTXHOLGpHGHUHFHYRLUHWGHOjGHUpFHSWDFOH
FHTXLUHMRLQWOLGpHGHPDWULFHGHVRQDQDJUDPPHqlibGRQW
LODODPrPHYDOHXUQXPpULTXH7LHUQR%RNDUGRLWGRQFrWUH
FRPSWp SDUPL OHV PHLOOHXUHV GHV FUpDWXUHV FHOOHV TXLO
pYRTXDLW GDQV XQ SDVVDJH VXU O8QLWp GHV WUDGLWLRQV GH FHOOHV
TXL YLYHQW GDQV O$PRXU HW OD &KDULWp >FRVPLTXH@ HW TXL
GURLWHV HW OXPLQHXVHV >VRQW@ FRPPH XQ VROHLO TXL VH OqYH HW
PRQWH GURLW GDQV OH FLHO  1RXV SRXYRQV FLWHU LFL XQH GHV
YLVLRQV VSLULWXHOOHV ruyah  GX 6DJH GH %DQGLDJDUD TXL
WpPRLJQH GH FHWWH RXYHUWXUH VRODLUH -DL YX HQHVSULWXQ
KRPPH JLJDQWHVTXH FRXFKp VXU OH GRV 'HV UHOLJLHX[ GH
SOXVLHXUV FRQIHVVLRQV VDIIDLUDLHQW DXWRXU GH OXL /HV XQV OXL
SDUODLHQWjORUHLOOHGDXWUHVOXLRXYUDLHQWODERXFKHGDXWUHVOH
IRUoDLHQW j UHVSLUHU GHV SDUIXPV GDXWUHV OXL DSSOLTXDLHQW XQ
FROO\UH HWF 4XHO HVW FH VSHFWDFOH TXHO HVW FHW KRPPH"
PpFULDLMH HQ PRLPrPH 8QH YRL[ PH UpSRQGLW FHVW OH
ELHQKHXUHX[ TXL VH VRXYLHQW GH O8QLFLWp GH 'LHX HW GH OD
IUDWHUQLWpTXLGRLWXQLU6HVDGRUDWHXUVGRTXLOVYLHQQHQW Il
reoit, comme tu le vois, tous les enseignements /H UpVXOWDW
QHVW TXH PHLOOHXU SRXU OXL ,O HVW SHUPpDEOH FRPPH OH VDEOH
'LHXOXLDGRQQpOHSRXYRLUGHFRQVHUYHUHWGDVVLPLOHU
8QH FRQFOXVLRQ FDSLWDOH GRLW rWUH WLUpH GXQH WHOOH
FRQVWDWDWLRQ OrWUH TXL GHPHXUH DX ]pQLWK GH FHWWH VWDWLRQ
DXWUHPHQW DSSHOp SDU OHV 0DvWUHV &LWp GX 6ROHLO 7HUUH GX
6ROHLO RX HQFRUH PRQGH GH Y TXL VRQW DXWDQW
GH[SUHVVLRQV GX PRQGH SURWRW\SLTXH TXL WUDQVFHQGH WRXWH
IRUPH SDUWLFXOLqUH GRLW QpFHVVDLUHPHQW SRUWHU XQ QRP TXL
. Vie et Enseignement, p.151-152.
opcitS
OH0RQGHGH Y VROHLO VHWURXYHDXqPHFLHOTXLHVWFHOXLGX6ROHLOHW
GpVLJQHOHPRQGHGHO,PDJLQDWLRQpJDOHPHQWDSSHOp7HUUHGX6pVDPH Ar
al-simsimah  Cf $EG DO.DUvP DO-vOv Al-Insn al-Kaml &KDS  %H\URXWK


 

SURFqGH GH OD ODQJXH GH VHV KDELWDQWV VSLULWXHOV HW TXL QHVW
DXWUHTXHODP\VWpULHXVH lughah suriyniyyahODODQJXHVRODLUH
GHV rWUHV UpLQWpJUpV GDQV OHV SUpURJDWLYHV GH OpWDW DGDPLTXH
TXXQ &KHLNK FRPPH DO-vOv TXDOLILH GAdamiyyn WHUPH GRQW
ODYDOHXU OHVGpWHUPLQHFRPPHpPLQHPPHQWSRODLUHV
&HVW SRXUTXRL QRXV FRQVLGpURQV OH QRP D[LDO Hamallh
H[SUHVVLRQ GX QRPEUH  FRPPH pWDQW pJDOHPHQWXQQRP
VRODLUH HW TXL GRLW QpFHVVDLUHPHQW SRUWHU OHV DWWULEXWV GX5RL
GX 0RQGH OHTXHO SDUFH TXLO DVVXUH O8QLWp GX 3ULQFLSH GLYLQ
GDQV OHV WURLV PRQGHV VH WLHQW j OD VRXUFH GHV GHX[SRXYRLUV
VDFHUGRWDO HW UR\DO HW SDUWLFLSH DLQVL GHV GHX[ V\PEROLVPHV
SRODLUH HW VRODLUH TXL OHXU FRUUHVSRQGHQW UHVSHFWLYHPHQW /D
VWDWLRQ SRODLUH al-maqm al-qub SDU DLOOHXUV pYRTXH FH
SULQFLSH VRODLUH FRQWHQX HQ HOOHPrPH FHWWH H[SUHVVLRQ
SRODLUHDSRXUYDOHXUVRODLUH
$ILQGLQWHUSUpWHUFHQRPVHORQXQHWHOOHSHUVSHFWLYHLO
LPSRUWHGHUDSSHOHUTXHOTXHVSULQFLSHVIRQGDPHQWDX[GHFHWWH
ODQJXH SULPRUGLDOH H[WUDLWV GH OHQVHLJQHPHQW GX &KHLNK DO
'DEEkJKTXLIXWOXQGHVHVSURYLGHQWLHOVLQWHUSUqWHVHWRFFXSH
j FHW pJDUG XQH IRQFWLRQ XQLTXH 'DQV OH Kitb al-Ibrz LO
UDSSHOOHTXHQYpULWpWRXWHVOHVODQJXHVVHUDWWDFKHQWSDUOHXU
RULJLQH j OD /DQJXH V\ULDTXH (Q HIIHW OD SDUROH GDQV WRXWH
ODQJXH DXWUH TXH OH V\ULDTXH HVW FRPSRVpH GH PRWV QRQ GH
OHWWUHV vpSHOpHVw WDQGLV TXH GDQV OD ODQJXH V\ULDTXH OD SDUROH
HVW FRPSRVpH GHV OHWWUHV vpSHOpHVw &KDFXQH GH FHV OHWWUHV
DOSKDEpWLTXHV LQGLTXH XQ VHQV LQWHOOLJLEOH man mufd  (W
ORUVTXXQHOHWWUHHVWXQLHjXQHDXWUHDORUVDSSDUDvWOHIILFDFLWp
>GXQWHO@ODQJDJH>@3DUH[HPSOHOHPRWAmadTXLTXDQGLO
HVW SULV GDQV OD ODQJXH DUDEH FRPPH QRP SURSUH GpVLJQH OD
SHUVRQQH TXL OH SRUWH DORUV TXH GDQV OD ODQJXH V\ULDTXH OD
SUHPLqUHOHWWUHhamzahYRFDOLVpHDDXQVHQVODqPHOHWWUH
DXUHSRVDXQVHQVODOHWWUH mmYRFDOLVpHDDXQVHQVHWOD
 A d  my  wn  6HORQ-vOvOHV
AdamiyynIRUPHQWOHSUHPLHUJURXSHGHV+RPPHVGHO,QYLVLEOH rijl al-ghayb 
CfIbidS
almq ama l qt bi 

 OXQLWpGHVGHX[WHUPHV 




OHWWUH dl YRFDOLVpH HQ X D XQ VHQV HW XQ DXWUH HQFRUH HQ
D
/DJUDSKLHGXQRPpamallhHVWXQYLEUDQWWpPRLJQDJH
GH OLOOXPLQDWLRQ fat  VRODLUH GX 0DvWUH TXL OH FRQGXLVLW
 Kitb al-Ibrz FKDS  ,O QHVW SDV IRUWXLW GH YRLU OH &KHLNK FLWHU HQ
SUHPLHUH[HPSOHOHQRPFpOHVWHGX3URSKqWH$KPDGSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWDGpTXDW
SRXU LQDXJXUHU XQH OHFWXUH VHORQ OD ODQJXH GHV (VSULWV 'DSUqV VRQ
HQVHLJQHPHQW LO DSSDUDvW TXH OHV QRPV FRPSRVpV GH PRWV GpVLJQHQW OHV
LQGLYLGXV VRXPLV DX PRQGH GH OD FRPSRVLWLRQ WDQGLV TXH OHV OHWWUHV pSHOpHV
FRUUHVSRQGHQW j OHXU DUFKpW\SH VSLULWXHO GDQV OH PRQGH LQWHOOLJLEOH TXH
UHSUpVHQWHQWOHVOHWWUHVpSHOpHVRXLVROpHVHQWDQWTXpOpPHQWVVLPSOHV
 /XQ GH VHV GLVFLSOHV %\D $KPDG UDSSRUWH j VRQ VXMHW6DFKH TXH
ODIIDLUH amruh GHQRWUHVKDLNKHVWH[WUDRUGLQDLUH gharb HWVRQFDV shanuh 
PHUYHLOOHX[ ajb  ,O UHoXW ORXYHUWXUH GLYLQH futiha alaih  DORUV TXLO pWDLW
HQFRUH WRXW MHXQH MRXDQW SDUPL OHV HQIDQWV HW GH FH PRPHQW MXVTXDX MRXU
GDXMRXUGKXL ORXYHUWXUH fath  QD FHVVp GH VDFFURvWUH HQ VD GLUHFWLRQ j
$OOkKUHPHUFLHPHQWHWJUkFHV,OPDLQIRUPpTX$OOkK/H%LHQIDLVDQW/H7UqV
+DXW OXL D GRQQp SRXYRLU sakhkhara lahu  VXU FHUWDLQHV FKRVHV WDQGLV TXLO
MRXDLW DYHF VHV FDPDUDGHV TXDQG LO RUGRQQDLW j OD SOXLH GH WRPEHU HOOH
WRPEDLWHWTXDQGLORUGRQQDLWDXIHXGHEUOHULOEUODLW,OPHVHPEOH fzann 
TXLOPDFRQILpTXLODYXOH3URSKqWHSDL[HWVDOXWDWLRQVXUOXLjOkJHGHGRX]H
DQVPDLVLOQHUHoXWODJUDQGHRXYHUWXUH lamyuftah alaih al-fath-al-kabr TXH
TXHOTXHVDQQpHVSOXVWDUG,OUHoXWODVXSUrPHRXYHUWXUH futihalaih al-fathal-akbar  HQ  + RX  >@ ,O HXW SDU OD VXLWH GH
QRPEUHXVHVYLVLRQVGX3URSKqWHjOpWDWGHYHLOOHHWQRQGXUDQWOHVRPPHLODX
SRLQWPDWLOFRQILpTXjFKDTXHPRPHQWRLOGpVLUHOHYRLULOOHYRLW &H
SDVVDJH HVW OD WUDGXFWLRQ GRQQpH SDU $EGHO :HGRXG 2XOG &KHLNK GDQV VRQ
DUWLFOH /HV SHUOHV HW OH VRXIUH 8QH SROpPLTXH PDXULWDQLHQQH DXWRXU GH OD
7LMkQL\\DGXOLYUHGH%\D$KPDG Kitb Mawli Abd al-MminS 6LVD
JUDQGHRXYHUWXUH al-fat al-kabr SHXWrWUHPLVHHQUHODWLRQDYHFVDUpDOLVDWLRQ
GX 3ULQFLSH WUDQVFHQGDQW VRQ RXYHUWXUH OD SOXV JUDQGH al-fat al-akbar 
FRUUHVSRQG j VD UpDOLVDWLRQ GHVFHQGDQWH TXL SUpFqGH OD SULVH HIIHFWLYH GH VRQ
&DOLIDW,OHVWVLJQLILFDWLIjFHWpJDUGTXHOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKDORUVkJpGHDQV
ORUVGHVDUHFRQQDLVVDQFHFRPPH3{OHUHIXVDGDVVXPHUODFKDUJHNKDOLIDOHHQ
UHQGDQWDX&KHLNKDO$NKGDUOHVDFKHWFRQWHQDQWOHSUpFLHX[VDEOHFKDUJpGHV
IRUFHVGX1RPP\VWpULHX[MHWHOHFRQILHOXLGLWLO-HVXLVWURSMHXQHHQFRUH
SRXUSRXYRLUDVVXPHU extrieurementODIRQFWLRQGRQW'LHXPDKRQRUp$XVVL
MHWHGHPDQGHGHJDUGHUFHVDFKHWMXVTXjFHTXHOHWHPSVVRLWYHQXSRXUPRL
GH PHQ FKDUJHU $PDGRX +DPSkWp %k RS FLW S  &HVW QRXV TXL
VRXOLJQRQV  0RQVLHXU $EGHO :HGRXG 2XOG &KHLNK SODFH GRQF OH GpEXW GX
0DJLVWqUHGX&KHLNKDXPRPHQWGHFHWWHRXYHUWXUH HQWUHHW TXLQH
 

LQGXELWDEOHPHQW j pFULUH VRQQRPHQODQJXHV\ULDTXHFHVWj


GLUH VHORQ OD ODQJXH GH VRQ pWDW SHUPHWWDQW DLQVL XQH
PXOWLSOLFLWpGHSRVVLELOLWpVFRQFHSWXHOOHV$ORFFXOWDWLRQGXy
FRUUHVSRQGLPPpGLDWHPHQWODSSDULWLRQGXQYRFDEOHpMDLQVL
pFULW HW GDLOOHXUV QRQ YRFDOLVp TXL VLGHQWLILH DX[ OHWWUHV
LVROpHV -mm  TXL DSSDUDLVVHQW  IRLV GDQV OH &RUDQ GDQV
XQ JURXSH GH  VRXUDWHV GpVLJQpHV VRXV OH QRP GH
pawmm &HV OHWWUHV LVROpHV DSSDUWLHQQHQW j YUDL GLUH j
XQHYDVWHFRPPXQDXWpGH OHWWUHVLQDXJXUDOHVTXLRXYUHQW
FHUWDLQHVVRXUDWHVHWVRQWFRQVLGpUpHVSDUOpPLQHQWGLVFLSOH
DNEDULHQ$EGDU5D]]kTDO4kVKkQvFRPPHGHVFOHIVSRXUOD
FRPSUpKHQVLRQ GX P\VWqUH GH OD UpYpODWLRQ FRUDQLTXH
0LFKHO 9kOVDQ D H[SRVp OHV SULQFLSHV JpQpUDX[ GH FHWWH
KHUPpQHXWLTXH SDUWLFXOLqUH GX WH[WH FRUDQLTXH TXL VRSqUH j
WUDYHUVHOOHVHWQRXVUDSSHOOHURQVVLPSOHPHQWLFLTXHWRXW
HQ pWDQW UHOLpHV HQWUH HOOHV GDQV OpFULWXUH FHV OHWWUHV VH OLVHQW
LVROpPHQW HW FKDFXQH QRQ SDU VD SKRQpWLTXH PDLV SDU VRQ
QRP &HWWH OHFWXUH SDU GpFRPSRVLWLRQ GHV YRFDEOHV
UHSRVH GRQF PDQLIHVWHPHQW VXU OH SULQFLSH GH OD ODQJXH
suryniyyah DYHF ODTXHOOH VH[SULPHQW VHORQ OH &KHLNK
FRwQFLGH SDV DYHF OD WUDGLWLRQ TXL IDLW GpEXWHU VD FDUULqUH SXEOLTXH HQ 
6HORQ 7LHUQR %RNDU SDU H[HPSOH RS FLW S   /pFDUW HQWUH OD GDWH GH
FHWWH RXYHUWXUH VXSUrPH HW OH GpEXW GH VD FDUULqUH GRLW rWUH LQWHUSUpWp
FRPPHOHGpODLQpFHVVDLUHjVDUpLQWpJUDWLRQFRPSOqWHGXPRQGHLQGLYLGXHOHQ
PRGHGHVFHQGDQWLQGLVSHQVDEOHSRXUDVVXPHUSOHLQHPHQWVDIRQFWLRQGH*XLGH
VSLULWXHO
 6RXV XQ UDSSRUW OD YRFDOLVDWLRQ OLPLWH OHV SRVVLELOLWpV FRQFHSWXHOOHVGHV
PRWV WRXWH HQ pWDQW HQFRQWUHSDUWLHJDUDQWHGXQHIRUPHYRFDOHLPPXDEOHHW
VRXV FH UDSSRUW SRVLWLYH&HFLSHUPHWGHFRPSUHQGUHTXHGDQVOkJHGRUGHV
GLYHUVHVWUDGLWLRQVODYRFDOLVDWLRQVRLWFRPSOqWHPHQWDEVHQWH
'HODqPHjODqPH
al-urf al-muqattat/LWWpUDOHPHQWOHVOHWWUHVFRXSpHV
(QFRPSWDQWWRXWHVOHXUVUpSpWLWLRQV
(OOHVVRQWDSSHOpHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWFHOOHVTXLRXYUHQWOHVVRXUDWHV
Fawti al-suwar 
Ibid
 Cf VRQ LQWURGXFWLRQ DX[ FRPPHQWDLUHV VXU OHV OHWWUHV LVROpHV GH
4kVKkQv(7QQRYGpF


'DEEkJK OHV rWUHV GX &HQWUH VXSUrPH HQ UDLVRQ GH VD
FRQFLVLRQ HW GH VD FDSDFLWp j UHQGUH XQH PXOWLSOLFLWp GH
VLJQLILFDWLRQV TXDXFXQH DXWUH ODQJXH QH SHXW UHQGUH DYHF OHV
PrPHVPRWV

$\DQWSRVpOHVMDORQVGHFHTXHQRXVHQWHQGRQVSDUOH
QRPHWODUpDOLWpQRPPpHQRXVSRXYRQVGqVjSUpVHQWUHYHQLU
VXUOHYRFDEOHp-MmTXLGRLWPDQLIHVWHUGHVVLJQHVSUREDQWV
GH OD QDWXUH SURIRQGpPHQW PXKDPPDGLHQQH GX &KHLNK
+DPDOOkK 6HORQ XQH WUDGLWLRQ SURSKpWLTXH OHV OHWWUHVpMm VRQW un 1RP GHQWUH OHV 1RPV G$OOkK, HW VRQWOHV
FOHIV GHV WUpVRUV GH WRQ 6HLJQHXU rabbika   HW VHORQ ,EQ
$EEkV O,QWHUSUqWH SDU H[FHOOHQFH GX &RUDQ
p-MmHVWOH1RPVXSUrPHG$OOkK 'HWHOOHVWUDGLWLRQV
VH WURXYHQW UHPDUTXDEOHPHQW FRQILUPpHV QXPpULTXHPHQW
SXLVTXH FHV GHX[ OHWWUHV TXL VLJQDORQVOH DX SDVVDJH IRUPHQW
ODQDJUDPPH GX PRW mu pWXGLp SUpFpGHPPHQW RQW SRXU
PrPH YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH  HW UHSUpVHQWHQW OD V\QWKqVH GHV
QRPV DWWULEXWLIV RSpUpH SDU OH 1RP VXSUrPH OXLPrPH
4kFKkQvTXDQWjOXLLQWHUSUqWHFHVOHWWUHVFRPPHH[SULPDQWOH
SURFHVVXV PrPH GH OD GHVFHQWH GX /LYUH DORUV LGHQWLILp j OD
)RUPH PXKDPPDGLHQQHOHV OHWWUHV p-Mm GpVLJQHQW alpaqq 'LHXHQWDQWTXH9pULWp FDFKpHQ MuhammadFHOXLFL
HVW DLQVL YpULWp GLYLQH TXDQW j VD UpDOLWp LQWLPH HW
0XKDPPDGTXDQWjVDQDWXUHLQGLYLGXHOOH'LHXOD\DQWDLPp
VH PDQLIHVWD VRXV VD IRUPH VRQ pSLSKDQLH HXW OLHX DLQVL SDU
FHOXLFL /D GHVFHQWH GX OLYUH YLHQW GH OD SDUW G$OOkK FHVWj
GLUHGHVRQ(VVHQFHSRXUYXHG$WWULEXWV>@$LQVLOHVHQVGH
p-Mm HVW DX IRQG SDV GH 'LYLQLWp VL FH QHVW $OOkK
0XKDPPDG HVW O(QYR\p G$OOkK L Ilha illa Allh
Muhammad Rasl Allh  DXWUHPHQW GLW Al-Haqq GRQW OD
Kitb al-IbrzFKDSS
 /LQGpWHUPLQDWLRQ GX 1RP OXL GRQQH LFL XQ VHQV DEVROX 6XU FHWWH
TXHVWLRQFI0LFKHO9kOVDQ/HFRPPHQWDLUHpVRWpULTXHGHODVRXUDWH<k6vQ
E.TQSQRWH
,EQ+DQEDOAl-Jmi lil-akam al-QurnVRXUDWHYHUVHW
Ibid
 

UpDOLWp HVW LQWpULHXUH HW TXL DSSDUDvW H[WpULHXUHPHQW SDU


0XKDPPDG/HVFRQFOXVLRQVTXLSHXYHQWrWUHWLUpHVGXQWHO
WpPRLJQDJH FRQILUPHQW VLO HQ pWDLW EHVRLQ OD QDWXUH WRXWH
PXKDPPDGLHQQH GH OrWUHKDPDZvTXLUpXQLWDLQVLOHVQDWXUHV
GLYLQH HW KXPDLQH j OLQVWDU GX QRPEUH  GX VFKpPD
JpRPpWULTXH GH 7LHUQR %RNDU SODFp DX FHQWUH GHV GHX[
WULDQJOHV LQYHUVpV TXL OHXU FRUUHVSRQGHQW UHVSHFWLYHPHQW GDQV
OHVFHDXGH6DORPRQ/DSURMHFWLRQGHVHwmmFRUDQLTXHV
UHSURGXLWSUpFLVpPHQWODPDQLIHVWDWLRQGHOrWUHPXKDPPDGLHQ
GDQVVDIRQFWLRQG(QYR\pSXLVTXHORSpUDWLRQTXLHQUpVXOWHj
VDYRLU  [ jODTXHOOHVDMRXWHOXQLWpGXSULQFLSHSURGXLWOH
QRPEUH  OD YDOHXU RFFLGHQWDOH GH Muhammad Rasl
Allh
4XDQWDXQRP$OOkKSUpVHQWGDQVOHQRPGX0DvWUHLO
GHYUD QpFHVVDLUHPHQW LFL rWUH PLV HQ UHODWLRQ DYHF O(VVHQFH
DEVROXH HW LQFRQGLWLRQQpH QRXV OXL DWWULEXHURQV SRXU FHWWH
UDLVRQ OD YDOHXU  TXL HVW OD SOXV VLPSOH TXLO SXLVVH SRUWHU
SDUPL OHQVHPEOH GHV SRVVLELOLWpV QXPpULTXHV RIIHUWHV SDU OH
1RP GH 0DMHVWp /D WUDQVSRVLWLRQ QXPpULTXH GHV GHX[
FRPSRVDQWHV DSSDUHQWHV GX QRP p-Mm HW Allh IDLW
DSSDUDvWUH GHX[ QRPEUHV LQYHUVHV OXQ GH ODXWUH 
IRUPDQW DLQVL XQ YpULWDEOH KLpURJO\SKH TXL FULVWDOOLVH DLQVL OD
7KpRSKDQLH GH WRXV OHV DWWULEXWV GH O(VVHQFH j WUDYHUV OH
PLURLUGHODIRUPHPXKDPPDGLHQQH/DVRPPHSRXUDLQVL
GLUH GH FHV GHX[ DVSHFWV QRQPDQLIHVWp HW PDQLIHVWp  
 HVWGHQRPEUHTXLHVWRQOHVDLWFHOXLGHODWWHVWDWLRQ
GH O8QLWp GLYLQH L Ilaha illa Allh  PDLV DXVVL GX WHUPH
6diq TXL FDUDFWpULVH OrWUH VLQFqUH TXL VHXO FRQQDvW
 [   
mmd 
r sul allh 




 &RUUHVSRQGDQW V\PEROLTXHPHQW j OD YDOHXU VLPSOH HW j OD YDOHXU
GpYHORSSpHGHVGHX[WHUPHV
lailhilallh 
 
ad q  


UpHOOHPHQWOH1RPVXSUrPH6HORQOHQVHLJQHPHQWGHV0DvWUHV
OD YHUWX IRQGDPHQWDOH GH OD VLQFpULWp al-idq  LQWHUYLHQW
IRQGDPHQWDOHPHQW GDQV OD FRQQDLVVDQFH RSpUDWLYH GX 1RP
VXSUrPH G$OOkK FRPPH OH UDSSHOOH j SOXVLHXUV UHSULVHV OH
&KHLNK DO$NEDU j WUDYHUV XQH DQHFGRWH IDPHXVH GX &KHLNK
$E<D]LGDO%LVWDPvRQGHPDQGDj$E<D]LGTXHOpWDLWOH
1RP VXSUrPH G$OOkK SDU OHTXHO WRXWHV FKRVHV VRSqUHQW ,O
UpSRQGLW PRQWUH]PRL OH SOXV SHWLW DILQ TXH MH YRXV PRQWUH
TXLO QHVW SDV GH SOXV JUDQG TXH OD 6LQFpULWp al-6idq  (OOH
PrPH6RLVVLQFqUHHWSUHQGVOHQRPTXHWXYHX[/HV1RPV
G$OOkK VRQW 7RXV VXSUrPHV &RQIRUPpPHQW j FHW
HQVHLJQHPHQW TXL RXYUH HQ UpDOLWp VXU OXQLYHUVHO SDU FHWWH
LQMRQFWLRQ GH UDPHQHU WRXW QRP j VRQ DVSHFW VXSUrPH QRXV
FRQVLGpUHURQV GRQF FKDFXQH GHV SDUWLHV GX QRP +DPDOOkK
FRPPHVXVFHSWLEOHGrWUHWUDQVSRVpHDXGHJUpSULQFLSLHO$LQVL
GRLWRQ SUHQGUH HQ FRQVLGpUDWLRQ OD OHWWUH Y GRQW
ORFFXOWDWLRQ pWDLW QpFHVVDLUH SRXU TXH ORQ SUHQQH FRQVFLHQFH
GHVDSODFHFHQWUDOHDXFXUGHFHQRPGRQFDXFXUYsnGH
O+RPPHXQLYHUVHOFRQoXFRPPHOH[SUHVVLRQFRUDQLTXHHOOH
PrPH&HWWHOHWWUHHPEOpPDWLTXHGHOD9LHFRPPHODPLVHQ
OXPLqUH 0XKDPPDG 9kOVDQ GDQV XQH pWXGH PDJLVWUDOH
DVVXPH DLQVL XQ U{OH LQWHUPpGLDLUH HQWUH OHV  UpDOLWpV
PpWDSK\VLTXHV pYRTXpHV SDU OHV QRPV Hmm HW Allh HW
VLQVFULW GDQV OD SHUVSHFWLYH GHV UDSSURFKHPHQWV SKRQpWLTXHV
TXH 5HQp *XpQRQ pWDEOLVVDLW HQWUH OH 1RP GLYLQ KpEUDwTXH
YahOH,SUHPLHU1RPGH'LHXVHORQ'DQWHRXHQFRUHOD
JUDQGHXQLWp Tai-i GHODWUDGLWLRQFKLQRLVH(QDUDEHODYDOHXU
GpYHORSSpHGHFHWWHOHWWUHYHVWUpYpODWULFHjFHWpJDUGGH
VD SULPRUGLDOLWp SXLVTXLO HVW HQ UpDOLWp OH QRPEUH YLWDO TXL
VLQIXVHGDQVOHVQRPEUHVIRQGDPHQWDX[GHO,VODPTXLHQVRQW
GHV PXOWLSOHV &RUUHVSRQGDQW DORUV j OXQLWp GH OHVVHQFH
SUpFpGDQW QpFHVVDLUHPHQW OD PXOWLSOLFLWp GHV DWWULEXWV OH
Futt9ROS
Cf0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ5*GHOD6DXOD\H
Y ya  
5HQp*XpQRQ)LGqOHVG$PRXUHWFRXUVG$PRXU&IODSDUWLHILQDOH
4XDQWjODYDOHXUVLPSOHGHODOHWWUH\kFRPPHVRQpTXLYDOHQWKpEUDwTXHLRG
 

QRPEUH  VH SUpVHQWH pJDOHPHQW SDU VD JUDSKLH FRPPH OD
SUHPLqUHSRODULVDWLRQGX3ULQFLSHSRUWDQWHQVRQVHLQWRXWHVOHV
GXDOLWpV FRVPLTXHV 7RXMRXUV VHORQ OH PrPH SULQFLSH VL ORQ
WLHQWGHFHWWHSODFHFHQWUDOHOHQRPGpFRPSRVpHQH-Mm Y
AllhVHUHSUpVHQWHUDDORUVQXPpULTXHPHQWDLQVL
&HWWHDGGLWLRQVHORQOHVSULQFLSHVGHODVFLHQFHGHVOHWWUHVHW
GHVQRPEUHVUHSUpVHQWHODIRUPXOHQXPpULTXHGHODOXPLqUH
SDUWLHOOHGXQRPEUH TXLVREWLHQWSDUUHGRXEOHPHQWGH
VHVQRPEUHVFRQVWLWXWLIV&HQRPEUHIRQGDPHQWDO HVWFHOXL
GH O$WWHVWDWLRQ GHV GHX[ shahdah (L Ilha illa Allh
Muhammad Rasl Allh)GRQWRQDYXSOXVKDXWTXHOOHHVWOD
VLJQLILFDWLRQ SURIRQGH GRQQpH DX[ OHWWUHV p-Mm SDU
4kVKkQv
U

3RXU FORUH FHWWH SUHPLqUH pWXGH GX QRP GX &KpULI
GRQW OD QDWXUH SURIRQGH VHVW UpYpOpH j WUDYHUV OHV OHWWUHV
HPEOpPDWLTXHV p-MmQRXVUDSSHOOHURQVHQILQOH[pJqVHTXH
IDLWOH&KHLNK6DKODO7XVWDUvTXLLQWHUSUqWHFHFRXSOHGHOHWWUHV
DX VHQV Gal-payy al-Malik OH 9LYDQWOH 5RL pTXLYDOHQW
H[DFWGHOH[SUHVVLRQGX5RL9LYDQWGRQWSDUOHQWOHVGLYHUVHV

HOOH VH UDPqQH pJDOHPHQW j OXQLWp SXLVTXH HOOH UHSUpVHQWH OXQLWp GpYHORSSpH
GDQVOHTXDWHUQDLUH RXOHSRLQWFHQWUDOSURGXLVDQWSDUVRQ
H[SDQVLRQOHFHUFOHGHODPDQLIHVWDWLRQXQLYHUVHOOH
&RQIRUPpPHQWDXQRPODIRUPXOHVXLWLFLORUGRQQDQFHPHQWGHGURLWHj
JDXFKHGHODODQJXHDUDEH
 1RWRQV LFL TXH OH PRW DGGLWLRQ VH IRQGH VXU OH UDGLFDO ADD
FRUUHVSRQGDQW H[DFWHPHQW j OD UDFLQH DUDEH ADD TXL VLJQLILH pQXPpUHU
FRPSWHUHWGRQWHVWLVVXOHQRPEUH adad 2QFRPSUHQGPLHX[SRXUTXRL
ODVFLHQFHGHVQRPEUHV ilm al-add HVWXQHVFLHQFHRSpUDWLYHUHSRVDQWVXUOH
SULQFLSHGHODGGLWLRQGRQWODVRPPHSHUPHWGDFFpGHUjOLGpHSXUHGXQRP
 6XU FHWWH QRWLRQ WHFKQLTXH cf. 0XKDPPDG 9kOVDQ ,TUk LQ Science
sacre Q  S  6HORQ FHWWH PpWKRGH OD OXPLqUH SDUWLHOOH GXQ PRW HVW
REWHQXHSDUOHUHGRXEOHPHQWGHFKDFXQGHVHVQRPEUHVFRQVWLWXWLIV2QQRWHUD
TXHFKDTXHUHGRXEOHPHQWIRUPHDORUVXQQRPEUHPXOWLSOHGXQRPEUHHWOH
QRPEUHTXLUpVXOWHGHFHWWHDGGLWLRQOHVHUDGRQFpJDOHPHQW
&I/HVGpYHORSSHPHQWVjYHQLUGH0XKDPPDG9kOVDQVXUFHQRPEUHVDFUp
6HORQVRQFRPSXWRULHQWDO
,VPDvO+DTTvRu al-Bayn9ROS


WUDGLWLRQVHWQRXVSHUPHWPDLQWHQDQWGLQWHUSUpWHUODIRQFWLRQ
GX pamm Allh FRPPH FHOOH GXQH 5R\DXWp VSLULWXHOOH
LQVWDXUpHjODIRLVDX1RPGal payy-al-QayymO,PDPGX
VHSWpQDLUHGHV1RPVGHO(VVHQFHPDLVDXVVLDX1RPGX
Mlik al-MulkOH5RLGX5R\DXPHH[SUHVVLRQFRUDQLTXHGX
5RLGX0RQGHGRQWOXQHWODXWUHVRQWH[SUHVVpPHQWGpVLJQpV
FRPPH pWDQW OH 1RP VXSUrPH G$OOkK SDU OHV 0DvWUHV HW HQ
UHSUpVHQWHQW DLQVL OHV GHX[ IDFHV LQGLVVRFLDEOHV $ OD TXHVWLRQ
GH7LUPLGKv4XHOHVWOH&KHIGHVQRPVGRQWGpSHQGHQWWRXV
OHV QRPV" /H &KHLNK DO$NEDU UpSRQG &HVW OH 1RP
VXSUrPH Ism al-Aam TXLQDGDXWUHVLJQHTXHFHOXLGrWUHOD
6RXUFHGHOD6\QWKqVH (Ayn al-Jam GDQVODTXHOOHVHWURXYH
QpFHVVDLUHPHQW OH 1RP al-payy-al-Qayyum 4XDQW j
ODVSHFW UR\DO GX 1RP FHVW OH 3URSKqWH OXLPrPH TXL
HQVHLJQHUD OH 1RP VXSUrPH G$OOkK OHTXHO ORUVTXH ORQ
LQYRTXHSDUOXLRQREWLHQWUpSRQVHVHWURXYHGDQVOHYHUVHWGH
ODVRXUDWH Imrn 'LVAllahumma5RLGX5R\DXPH Mlik alMulk  
6LORQGRXWHHQFRUHTXHOHQRPpamallhVRLWSRUWHXU
GH WHOOHV SUpURJDWLYHV GXQH IRQFWLRQ UR\DOH QRXV FLWHURQV
HQILQXQP\VWpULHX[SDVVDJHGX Kitb al-IbrzTXLPHQWLRQQH
OH YRFDEOH am VRXV VD IRUPH LQWHQVLYH am ,O IDLW SDUWLH
GXQH P\VWpULHXVH LQYRFDWLRQ GH SURWHFWLRQ TXL IXW GRQQp
post-mortem SDU OH &KHLNK (J\SWLHQ DO'LVTv j XQ KRPPH
HQ URXWH SRXU OH 3qOHULQDJH &H GHUQLHU QRVD SURQRQFHU XQ
/HWHUPH ammFRUUHVSRQGSKRQpWLTXHPHQWDX[OHWWUHVLVROpHVGRQWOD
SURQRQFLDWLRQ PDUTXH ODFFHQW WRQLTXH VXU OH mm HW UHQIRUFH DLQVL OHXU
VLPLOLWXGH ,O VLJQLILH HQWUH DXWUH SURFKH HQWHQGX GDQV OHVHQVGXQHSDUHQWp
RXGXQHDPLWLpLQWLPHHWFKDOHXUHXVH&HFLQHVWSDVVDQVpYRTXHUODSUR[LPLWp
GHV6DLQWVRX$PLV Awliy TXLRQWDWWHLQWOH maqm al-qurbahODVWDWLRQGHOD
SUR[LPLWpTXLHVWXQHH[SUHVVLRQHQPRGHFRXYHUWO,GHQWLWpVXSUrPHjODTXHOOH
SDUWLFLSHOHmmG$OOkK
$O$PLU$EGDO4kGLUKitb al-MawqifMawqif9ROS
 FutatFKDSTXHVWLRQ2QSHXWpJDOHPHQWFLWHUDO+DMM8PDU
TXL SURSRVH GDQV VRQ Kitb al-Rima SS   XQ UpVXPp GHV WUDGLWLRQV
UHODWLYHV DX 1RP VXSUrPH HQ  SDUROHV /D FLQTXLqPH HW OD GRX]LqPH
FRUUHVSRQGHQWUHVSHFWLYHPHQWjal-payy al-QayyumHWMlik al-Mulk
6X\Wvop. cit(QUpIpUHQFHjCoran
 

pWUDQJHSDVVDJHGRQWOHVHQVOXLpWDLWFRPSOqWHPHQWLQFRQQX
Am pamthan Atm amthan 4XDQW j OD VXLWH GH
OLQYRFDWLRQ  p Mm Ayn Sn Qf QRWUH UHIXJH
pimyatun >@HOOHGHYDLWVDQVGRXWHOXLrWUHEHDXFRXS
SOXV IDPLOLqUH SXLVTXH FHOOHFL UHSUHQDLW XQ SDVVDJH FRQQX
GXQH RUDLVRQ FKDGKLOLWH PHQWLRQQDQW OHV OHWWUHV LVROpHV WUqV
FRQQXHGDQVOHPRQGHPXVXOPDQ,QWHUURJpSDUVRQGLVFLSOH
,EQ 0XEkUDN VXU OH VHQV GX P\VWpULHX[ SDVVDJH Am
pamthan, Atm amthan OH &KHLNK XPPv UpSRQGLW ,O HVW
pYLGHQWTXDXMRXUGKXLSHUVRQQHVXUFHWWHWHUUHQHSURQRQFH
FHV GHX[ SDUROHV 'H TXL OHV WLHQVWX" -H OXL FRQWDLV GRQF
OKLVWRLUHTXLPDYDLWpWpUDSSRUWpH,OGLWDORUV2XL6D\\LGv
,EUDKLP DG'LVTv IDLW SDUWLH GHV SOXV JUDQGV KRPPHV
VSLULWXHOV HW GHV rWUHV GH OD JUDQGH RXYHUWXUH VSLULWXHOOH alfat al-kabr  /XL HW VHV VHPEODEOHV VH[SULPHQW SDU FHV
SDUROHV,OPHGLWHQVXLWHTXHFHVGHX[SDUROHVSURYHQDLHQWGH
OD /DQJXH 6\ULDTXH TXDQW j Am VD VLJQLILFDWLRQ HVW 
5RL(WVDVLJQLILFDWLRQSURIRQGHHVW5RLGXUR\DXPH
Y Mlik al-Mulk  O,PPHQVH al-Am  OH 6XSUrPH alAam  OH 9LYDQW TXL VXEVLVWH SDU /XLPrPH Al-payy alQayyum  4XDQW j pamth FHVW XQH DOOXVLRQ VXEWLOH j VRQ
UR\DXPHFHVWOHGHJUpGLJQLWDLUHGHFHOXLTXLGLW5RLGHV
VHFUHWV{5RLGHVOXPLqUHV{5RLGHODQXLWHWGXMRXU{5RL
GHV QXDJHV HW GHV WRUUHQWV { 5RL GHV VROHLOV HW GHV OXQHV {
5RL GX GRQ HW GH OHPSrFKHPHQW { 5RL GH ODEDLVVHPHQW HW
GH OpOpYDWLRQ { 5RL GH WRXW rWUH YLYDQW { 5RL GH WRXWH
FKRVH ,O \ D GDQV FH QRP XQ VHFUHW pWRQQDQW TXH QH SHXW
VXSSRUWHUODSOXPHHWTXHOH[SUHVVLRQV\PEROLTXHQHSRXUUD
MDPDLV DWWHLQGUH 8QH WHOOH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ j OD IRQFWLRQ
 2Q QRWHUD LFL TXH FHVW OD PrPH H[SUHVVLRQ XWLOLVpHSDU%X\D$KPDGj
SURSRV GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK FH TXL FRQILUPH OHV OLHQV TXH QRXV pWDEOLVVRQV
HQWUHOLOOXPLQDWLRQVRODLUHGHV0DvWUHVHWODQDWXUHV\ULDTXHGHOHXUVQRPVHWGH
OHXUODQJDJH Cf. Science sacreQRVS 
/LWWpUDOHPHQWHWGDQVVRQVHFUHW
 Kitb al-Ibrz FKDS  SS  %H\URXWK  1RXV UpVHUYRQV
OH[SOLFDWLRQ GX &KHLNK 'DEEkJK GH OD GHX[LqPH H[SUHVVLRQ GX SDVVDJH HQ



XQLYHUVHOOHGX5RLGX0RQGHFRQWHQXHV\QWKpWLTXHPHQWGDQV
OHYRFDEOHAmVXLYLGDQVOLQYRFDWLRQGX0DvWUHpJ\SWLHQGX
JURXSHGHOHWWUHVLVROpHVFRPPHQoDQWSDUOHVHPEOpPDWLTXHV
pMm GRQW LO HVW GLW H[SUHVVpPHQW TXHOOHV VRQW QRWUH
SURWHFWLRQ imyatun  UHQYRLH DX &HQWUH VXSUrPH OH OLHX
SURWpJpHWLQYLRODEOHSDUH[FHOOHQFH/DUDFLQHAmHVWDXVVL
LO IDXW OH VRXOLJQHU OD qPH IRUPH GH OD UDFLQH +0< GRQW OH
VHQVSUpFLVHVWGHUHQGUHLQDFFHVVLEOHSHUPHWGDVVHQWLUOHV
YHUWXVRSpUDWLYHVGXYRFDEOHSULPRUGLDOpMTXLHVWHQUpDOLWp
XQH GHV PRGDOLWpV GDFFqV YLEUDWRLUHV DX &HQWUH VXSUrPH 6L
OHV 0DvWUHV RQW VRXOLJQp OD SUpVHQFH GH FH FRXSOH
HPEOpPDWLTXH DX FHQWUH GH WHUPHV FRPPH MupaMMad RX
al-RapMn FHVW SDUFH TXLQGXELWDEOHPHQW OD ODQJXH VRODLUH
VLQIXVHGDQVOHVODQJXHVFRPPHODVqYHGDQVOHERLVHW
OHV GLYHUVHV LGHQWLILFDWLRQV SRXU OH PRLQV VXUSUHQDQWHV TXH
QRXVDYRQVYXHVDWWHVWHQWGHO8QLWpGLQVSLUDWLRQGHV0DvWUHV
HW SHUPHWWHQW GH SUHQGUH OD PHVXUH TXLO IDXW DFFRUGHU DX[
UHSUpVHQWDQWV SDU GpOpJDWLRQ GH OD IRQFWLRQ VXSUrPH GX 5RL
GX 0RQGH DX VHLQ GH OD WUDGLWLRQ LVODPLTXH 'RLWRQ
pJDOHPHQW VpWRQQHU GH UHWURXYHU FH YRFDEOH DX FHQWUH GX
QRP SDUDFOpWLTXH GX 3URSKqWH al-ManpaMann GRQW OH
&KHLNK DO'DEEkJK GRQQH XQH VDYDQWH H[pJqVH DYDQW
GDERUGHU OD VLQJXOLqUH LQYRFDWLRQ GX &KHLNK DO'LVTv &H
WHUPHVRODLUHDSRXUYDOHXUGpYHORSSpH HWFRUUHVSRQGDX
QRPEUH GRU TXL pWDEOLW OHV UDSSRUWV GKDUPRQLH GDQV
ODUFKLWHFWXUH VDFUpH 6L ORQ WLHQW FRPSWH GH VD SDUWLFXODULWp
GrWUHFRPSRVpVHORQOH&KHLNKDO'DEEkJKGHVGHX[WHUPHV
man HW amann RQ DMRXWHUD DORUV OXQLWp GH OHXU HQVHPEOH
SRXUSDUYHQLUDXQRPEUHOHTXHOHVWSUpFLVpPHQWODYDOHXU
TXHVWLRQTXHQRXVQHSRXYRQVVRQJHUjH[SRVHULFLPDOJUpOHVOLHQVpWURLWVTXLOD
OLHQWjODSUHPLqUH
,ELGS
1RXVFLWHURQVXQH[WUDLWGXQSRqPHDGUHVVpDX5RLGX5R\DXPHSDU
OH &KHLNK 0XKDPPDG DO$PvQ OLHXWHQDQW HW SRqWH GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK TXL
UHFRQQXWHQFHGHUQLHUVRQ5pJHQWLQWpULHXU
5RLGX5R\DXPH>@HQYpULWp>WXHV@5RLSDUOHVHFUHWGHOD Ulhah
JRXYHUQDQWORUGUHGHWRXWOXQLYHUVLPPXDEOHPHQW
 

GH OH[SUHVVLRQ UR\DOH Am pam TXL FRPSWH OHV GHX[


YDOHXUV  HW  VL ORQ WLHQW FRPSWH RX QRQ GH OXQLWp GH
OH[SUHVVLRQ 6L OH QRPEUH KLpURJO\SKLTXH  PDQLIHVWH OD
3RODULWpGX5RLGX0RQGHHWVRQGRXEOHSRXYRLUGH solveHW
GH coagula UHSUpVHQWpV SDU OD GRXEOH VSLUDOH OH QRPEUH 
H[SULPHUD TXDQW j OXL OD SHUIHFWLRQ VWUXFWXUHOOH GH VD
UpVLGHQFH FRVPLTXH OH 7HPSOH VDFUp SURWRW\SLTXH DXWRXU
GXTXHO VRUGRQQH WRXW OXQLYHUV HW TXL HVW OH UHIXJH SDU
H[FHOOHQFHFDUVHORQXQKDGvWK (Q9pULWpLO\DSRXUWRXW
UR\DXPH RXWRXWURL XQWHUULWRLUHGpIHQGX im 4XDQWDX
WHUULWRLUH GpIHQGX G$OOkK im Llh  FH VRQW VHV /LHX[
VDFUpV Marim  FHOXL TXL VH UHSDvW DXWRXU GH FH WHUULWRLUH
SHX QH VHQ IDXW TXLO V\ pWDEOLVVH GpILQLWLYHPHQW  &HWWH
LQGLFDWLRQ FDFKpH GDQV XQH WUDGLWLRQ SURSKpWLTXH GH OD
PXOWLSOLFLWp GHV FHQWUHV VSLULWXHOV VLGHQWLILDQW DX WHUULWRLUH
VDFUpG$OOkKTXLQHVWDXWUHpYLGHPPHQWTXHOHOLHXGHOD
7UDGLWLRQ SULPRUGLDOH HOOHPrPH SHXW VXUSUHQGUH HQ
FRQWH[WH LVODPLTXH PDLV HOOH QH IDLW TXH FRQILUPHU
OHQVHLJQHPHQW GH 5HQp *XpQRQ VHORQ OHTXHO LO H[LVWH XQH
7HUUHVDLQWHSDUH[FHOOHQFHSURWRW\SHGHWRXWHVOHVDXWUHV
FHQWUH VSLULWXHO DXTXHO WRXV OHVDXWUHVVRQWVXERUGRQQpV
/D UpVLGHQFH GX 5RL SRODLUH YLYDQW QHVWHOOH SDV GDQV VRQ
H[SUHVVLRQ LVODPLTXH DXGHVVXV GX 7HPSOH DQWLTXH GH OD
Kaabah DX VHLQ GH OHQFHLQWH VDFUpH GH OD 0HNNH OH param
Allh",EQ$UDEvFLWHDXVXMHWGHODYLOOHVDLQWHXQSU{QHGX
3URSKqWHUGDQVOHTXHOLOHVWSUpFLVpTX $OOkKDHPSrFKpOH
 4XUWXEv Al-Jmi li-Akm al-Qurn YRO  FRPP 6RXU  YHUV 
1RXV WUDGXLVRQV GDQV VRQ VHQV LQLWLDWLTXH FH KDGvWK TXL IXW XWLOLVp j GHV ILQV
FRQWUHLQLWLDWLTXHVSDUOHIDURXFKHSDPSKpWDLUHH[RWpULVWH,EQ0D\kEkGDQVVHV
DWWDTXHV FRQWUH OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK ,O pWDEOLW OpTXDWLRQ VLPSOLVWH im 
maram FHTXLHVWGpIHQGXLOOLFLWH GRQF Hamallh OHSURKLEpG$OOkKHQ
VHUpIpUDQWjODOHFWXUHJpQpUDOHPHQWDGPLVHSDUOHFDQRQGHV8OpPDV ,O\D
SRXUFKDTXHUR\DXPHXQH]RQHGRQWODFFqVHVWLOOLFLWH4XDQWjFHOOHG$OOkKFH
VRQW 6HV FKRVHV GpIHQGXHV  6XU FHV DWWDTXHV FH VXMHW FI $EGHO :HGRXG
2XOG&KHLNK/HVSHUOHVHWOH6RXIUHLQLa Tijniyya 
 5HQp *XpQRQ /HV JDUGLHQV GH OD 7HUUH VDLQWH LQ Symboles
FondamentauxFKDS


PHXUWUH GH VHQ DSSURFKHU  DYDQW GH SRXUVXLYUH >/D


0HNNH@ HVW VRQ WHUULWRLUH VDFUp im Llh  VRQ HQFHLQWH
LQWHUGLWH aram HWVLOQ\DSDVGrWUHSOXVVXEOLPHTX$OOkK
LO Q\ D SDV QRQ SOXV GH WHUULWRLUH VDFUp QL GHQFHLQWH SOXV
VXEOLPHTXHOHQFHLQWHG$OOkK>@/H3URSKqWHDpJDOHPHQW
GLWTX $OOkKDUHQGXVDFUpH arrama FHWWHYLOOHOHMRXUR
,ODFUppOHVFLHX[HWODWHUUHHWHOOHOHVHUDMXVTXDXMRXUGHOD
UpVXUUHFWLRQSDUODYpQpUDWLRQG$OOkK

/(QFHLQWH VDFUpH G$OOkK (param Allh  HVW
SURSUHPHQW OHQFHLQWH GH OD 7HUUH GLPPRUWDOLWp RX GH OD
7HUUHGHV9LYDQWVSXLVTXHFHX[TXL\UpVLGHQWQHSHXYHQW
rWUHWRXFKpVSDUODPRUW(OOHMRXHXQU{OHLQWHUPpGLDLUHHQWUH
OH PRQGH H[WpULHXU HW OH &HQWUH VXSUrPH OXLPrPH GRQW VHV
UpVLGHQWV VRQW DLQVL OHV JDUGLHQV GH OD 7HUUH VDLQWH
DVVXPDQW XQ U{OH GH SURWHFWLRQ UDSSURFKpH DX[ PR\HQV GHV
SXLVVDQFHVYLEUDWRLUHVGHOHXUVQRPVLQLWLDWLTXHVFRPPHFHOD
HVWUHPDUTXDEOHGDQVOHQRP pamallh5HQp*XpQRQOHXUD
FRQVDFUp
XQH
SUpFLHXVH pWXGH GRQW
QRXV GRQQRQV LFL XQ
H[WUDLW
VLJQLILFDWLI
OHV JDUGLHQV VH
WLHQQHQW j OD OLPLWH
GX FHQWUH VSLULWXHO
SULVGDQVVRQVHQVOH
SOXV pWHQGX RX j OD
GHUQLqUH HQFHLQWH
FHOOH SDU ODTXHOOH FH
FHQWUH HVW j OD IRLV
*
VpSDUpGXPRQGHH[WpULHXUHWPLVHQUDSSRUWDYHFFHOXLFL
3DU FRQVpTXHQW FHV JDUGLHQV RQW XQH GRXEOH IRQFWLRQ
GXQH SDUW LOV VRQW SURSUHPHQW OHV GpIHQVHXUV GH OD 7HUUH
VDLQWHHQFHVHQVTXLOVHQLQWHUGLVHQWODFFqVjFHX[TXLQH
SRVVqGHQW SDV OHV TXDOLILFDWLRQV UHTXLVHV SRXU \ SpQpWUHU HW
LOV FRQVWLWXHQW FH TXH QRXV DYRQV DSSHOp VD FRXYHUWXUH
H[WpULHXUH FHVWjGLUH TXLOV OD FDFKHQW DX[ UHJDUGV
8QPRWLIGHODWULSOHHQFHLQWHGHVVLQpDXWRXUGXQHSRUWH :DODWD0DXULWDQLH 
Fut9ROS
Ibid
 'LIILFLOHPHQW WUDGXLVLEOH HQ IUDQoDLV OH WHUPH aram GpVLJQH DXVVL ELHQ
XQHFKRVHLOOLFLWHGpIHQGXHHWGHOjH[pFUpHTXXQHFKRVHVDFUpHHW
YpQpUpHjOLPDJHGHOHQFHLQWHVDFUpHGX7HPSOH0HNNRLV
 

SURIDQHV GDXWUH SDUW LOV DVVXUHQW SRXUWDQW DXVVL FHUWDLQHV


UHODWLRQVUpJXOLqUHVDYHFOHGHKRUV(Q,VODPODIRQFWLRQ
GH OHQFHLQWH G$OOkK FRUUHVSRQG SUpFLVpPHQW j FHWWH GRXEOH
IRQFWLRQ G,VWKPH TXL SHUPHW OH SDVVDJH GH OH[WpULHXU j
OLQWpULHXU GX FHQWUH j OD FLUFRQIpUHQFH (Q HIIHW OH WHUPH
aram AllhDSRXUYDOHXUUD\RQQDQWH&HVWODYDOHXU
QXPpULTXHPrPHGX&KHISRODLUHSDUH[FHOOHQFHOHSayyid
TXL j WUDYHUV VHV GLYHUV UHSUpVHQWDQWV WHQG VD PDLQ JUDQGH
RXYHUWH j FHX[ TXL SHXYHQW OD YRLU JUkFH j OHXU UHJDUG
LQWpULHXUjWUDYHUVOREVFXULWpPLQpUDOHGHODSLHUUHQRLUHHOOH
PrPH
6LQRXVDYRQVWHQXjH[SRVHUWRXWHVFHVFRQVLGpUDWLRQV
VXUOH1RPGX&KHLNK+DPDOOkKHWVXUOHVGRFWULQHVPDMHXUHV
TXL HQ SURFqGHQW FHVW TXLO VDYpUDLW LQGLVSHQVDEOH GDQV XQ
SUHPLHUWHPSVGHIDLUHHQWUHYRLUODIDFHFpOHVWHHWSURSUHPHQW
LPPRUWHOOHGX&KpULIGH1LRURHWOHOLHXpOHYpGDQVOHTXHOLO
UpVLGH HW FH DILQ GH PLHX[ DSSUpKHQGHU OD UpDOLWp VSLULWXHOOH
GHVIDLWVKLVWRULTXHVVXUOHVTXHOVQRXVDOORQVPDLQWHQDQWQRXV
DSSX\HU SRXU UpYpOHU XQ DVSHFW VLQJXOLHU GH OD FRXYHUWXUH
IRQFWLRQQHOOH GRQW FHOXLFL VHVW UHYrWX GDQV VD UHODWLRQ
VSpFLILTXH DYHF O2FFLGHQW HW SOXV SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW DYHF OD
)UDQFH






SymbolesfondamentauxFKDS
rmall h  
syd 
 /D 0DLVRQ HVW pWDEOLH VXU TXDWUH FRLQV TXL VRQW >OHV 1RPV GLYLQV@ OH
3UHPLHU OH 'HUQLHUO([WpULHXUHWO,QWpULHXU$FHGHUQLHUQRPFRUUHVSRQGOH
FRLQGHODSLHUUHQRLUHFDUHOOHHVWOD0DLQGURLWHG$OOkKVXUWHUUHOHQGURLWTXH
ORQHPEUDVVHHQYXHGXSDFWHSRXU$OOkK/LOVHSRVHVXUODSLHUUHWDQGLVTXH
OH5HJDUGLQWpULHXUVHSRVHVXUOD0DLQGURLWH&HOOHFLHVWLQWpULHXUHSDUUDSSRUW
jODSLHUUHHWQHSHXWGRQFrWUHH[WpULHXUHDX[UHJDUGV )XW9ROS 















/LQWHUVHFWLRQ GHV WURLV GLDJRQDOHV GH OKH[DJRQH


IUDQoDLVGpWHUPLQHOD]RQHGHODYLOOHGH0RQWOXoRQ

 

 + ,*#-  . #   


/  0 #   1
/RUVTXHWXYRLVVXUODURXWHXQHWrWHFRXSpH
4XLURXOHYHUVQRVWHUUHV
'HPDQGHOXLGHPDQGHOXLOHVVHFUHWVGXFXU
&DUFHVWGHOOHTXHWXWLHQGUDVQRWUHVHFUHWP\VWqUH

L OD SUHPLqUH SDUWLH GH OD FDUULqUH VSLULWXHOOH GX &KHLNK


+DPDOOkK VHVW FDUDFWpULVpH FRPPH XQH UHYLYLILFDWLRQ GH
ORUGUH LQLWLDWLTXH WLMkQv SDUWLFLSDQW GXQH YDVWH HQWUHSULVH GH
SUpVHUYDWLRQGXGpS{WVSLULWXHOGX dr al-islamRXHVWDIULFDLQ
HQ XQH SpULRGH F\FOLTXH GREVFXUDWLRQ OD VHFRQGH SDUWLH GH
VRQ PDJLVWqUH TXL FRUUHVSRQG j VD SKDVH GH[LO HW j VRQ
HPSULVRQQHPHQW SDU OHV DXWRULWpV FRORQLDOHV GRLW rWUH
FRQVLGpUpHFRPPHXQHGHVLQWHUYHQWLRQVVRXVXQHPRGDOLWp
VSpFLILTXH GHV IRUFHV VSLULWXHOOHV GH O,VODP GDQV OH PRQGH
RFFLGHQWDO HW TXH ORQ GRLW FRQVLGpUHU FRPPH VROLGDLUH GH
FHOOH GH 5HQp *XpQRQ TXL SURORQJH OLQWHUYHQWLRQ GH VRQ
0DvWUH pJ\SWLHQ ,OOD\VK DO.DEvU RX HQFRUH FHOOH GH OePLU
$EGDO4kGLURXGX&KHLNKDO$ODZv&RPPHQRXVDOORQVOH
YRLU GDXWUH SDUW OD IRQFWLRQ GX &KpULI  GH 1LRUR PrPH VL
ORQ D YX TXLO IW XQ SXU PXKDPPDGLHQ VXU OH SODQ GH VD
UpDOLVDWLRQ VSLULWXHOOH SHXW rWUH PLVH HQ FRUUHVSRQGDQFH
SUpFLVHDYHFOHW\SHVSLULWXHOFKULVWLTXHLQGLVVRFLDEOHPHQWOLp
jXQDXWUHDVSHFWGHW\SHMRKDQQLHQTXLOPDQLIHVWDGqVTXLO
VH WURXYD HQ FRQIURQWDWLRQ GLUHFWH DYHF OD )UDQFH 6RQ
KLVWRLUH VDFUpH YXH FRPPH XQH WUDJpGLH GXQ F{Wp HVW
YpULWDEOHPHQW XQ OLYUH RXYHUW VXU VRQ HQVHLJQHPHQW
SXLVTXHQ HIIHW HQ GHKRUV GH VHV FRUUHVSRQGDQFHV LO HVW
DWWHVWpTXHOHPDvWUHQHIL[DSDVOXLPrPHVRQHQVHLJQHPHQW
SDUpFULW

$YDQW GH[SRVHU OHV GpWDLOV GXQH WHOOH IRQFWLRQ QRXV
UDSSHOOHURQVSXLVTXLOHVWTXHVWLRQGHW\SRORJLHVSLULWXHOOHFH
TXHQVHLJQH 0LFKHO 9kOVDQ HQ VH IRQGDQW VXU OD GRFWULQH
6KDPVDW7DEUv]vDwn,,


DNEDULHQQH OHV HQWLWpV VSLULWXHOOHV >GHV UpYpODWHXUV


DQWpULHXUV@ ILJXUHQW FRPPH GHV UpDOLWpV LQKpUHQWHV
FRQVWLWXWLYHV GH OD IRUPH PXKDPPDGLHQQH HOOHPrPH HW
FRPPH IRQFWLRQV SUpVHQWHV GDQV OpFRQRPLH LQLWLDWLTXH GH
O,VODP&HVWHQUDLVRQGHFHODTXHOHVKRPPHVVSLULWXHOVGX
Tasawwuf YLYHQW HW VH GpYHORSSHQW LQLWLDWLTXHPHQW HW FHOD
VDQV DXFXQ FKRL[ GpOLEpUp GH OHXU SDUW VHORQ WHO RX WHO W\SH
VSLULWXHO TXL OHXU FRUUHVSRQG GH IDoRQ QDWXUHOOH VRLW GXQH
IDoRQJpQpUDOHVRLWGDQVOXQHGHVSKDVHVGHOHXUFDUULqUHLOV
QHQ UpDOLVHQW ELHQ HQWHQGX OHV SRVVLELOLWpV TXH SRXU DXWDQW
TXH FHOOHVFL VH WURXYHQW HQ HX[PrPHV &HUWDLQV SHXYHQW
DLQVLDYRLUjSDVVHUVXFFHVVLYHPHQWVRXVOHUpJLPHLQLWLDWLTXH
GH SOXVLHXUV HQWLWpV SURSKpWLTXHV SDUWLFXOLqUHV LQVFULWHV GDQV
OD VSKqUH WRWDOLVDWULFH PXKDPPDGLHQQH ,O DMRXWH HQ QRWH
TX LO \ D GHV PDvWUHV RX GHV VDLQWV GH O,VODP TXL RQW
UpDOLVp DLQVL OHV SRVVLELOLWpV FRUUHVSRQGDQWHV j FKDFXQ GHV
SURSKqWHV SDUWLFXOLHUV &HWWH TXHVWLRQ HVW HQ UDSSRUW pWURLW
DYHF OD GRFWULQH GHV 6FHDX[ WUDGLWLRQQHOV HQ ,VODP HW SOXV
VSpFLDOHPHQW DYHF OD GRFWULQH GX 6FHDX GH OD 0DvWULVH
PXKDPPDGLHQQH Khatm al-Wilyah al-muammadiyyah   
'DQVXQHSHUVSHFWLYHTXLDSSDUDvWUDFRPPHFRPSOpPHQWDLUH
5HQp*XpQRQjSURSRVGHVKLpUDUFKLHVLQLWLDWLTXHVGRQW
RQVDLWTXHOOHVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHQ,VODPjFHVW\SHVVSLULWXHOV
UDSSHOOH TXH OrWUH TXL SRVVqGH DLQVL WRXV OHV pWDWV SRXUUD
WRXMRXUV pYLGHPPHQW VLO \ D OLHX rWUH HQYLVDJp SOXV
SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWSDUUDSSRUWjOXQTXHOFRQTXHGHFHVpWDWVHW
FRPPH VLO \ pWDLW VLWXp HIIHFWLYHPHQW TXRLTXLO VRLW
YpULWDEOHPHQWDXGHOjGHWRXVOHVpWDWVHWTXLOOHVFRQWLHQQHQW
WRXV HQ OXLPrPH ORLQ GH SRXYRLU rWUH FRQWHQX GDQV DXFXQ
GHX[ 2Q SRXUUDLW GLUH TXH HQ SDUHLO FDV FH VHURQW
VLPSOHPHQW GHV DVSHFWV GLYHUV TXL FRQVWLWXHURQW HQ TXHOTXH
VRUWH DXWDQW GH IRQFWLRQV GH FHW rWUH  1RXV QRXV
UpIpURQV j FH SDVVDJH FDSLWDO GH 5HQp *XpQRQ SRXU
LQWHUSUpWHU XQ GHV DVSHFWV FRQFHSWXHOV SRVVLEOHV GX 6FHDX
232. LIslam et la fonction de Ren Gunon6XUOH&KHLNKDO$ODZvS
233. Les tats multiples de LtreSS
 

0XKDPPDGLHQ TXL VRXV OH UDSSRUW RQWRORJLTXH HW GRQF


WUDQVKLVWRULTXH VFHOOH SDU VRQ FDUDFWqUH WRWDOLVDWHXU OD
+LpUDUFKLH LQLWLDWLTXH &HVW VHORQ FHWWH DXWUH DFFHSWLRQ DX
VHQVLQWHPSRUHOGHFHWLWUHLQLWLDWLTXHGX6FHDXGHV6DLQWV
DXTXHO IDLW DOOXVLRQ 0LFKHO 9kOVDQ  TXH ORQ SHXW
FRPSUHQGUHTXHFHUWDLQV0DvWUHVDLHQWSXrWUHKRQRUpVGHFH
WLWUH GH Khatm al-Awliy 6LO HVW FRQQX TX$KPDG 7LMkQv
0XKDPPDG :DIk RX GDXWUHV 0DvWUHV SUHVWLJLHX[ RQW DLQVL
pWp GpVLJQpV RQ VDLW PRLQV TXH OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK IXW
pJDOHPHQW UHFRQQX j VRQ pSRTXH FRPPH OH 6FHDX GHV
6DLQWV SDU OHV FHUFOHV WLMkQvV KDPDZvV 'RLWRQ \ YRLU XQ
H[FqV GDSSUpFLDWLRQ GH OD SDUW GH GLVFLSOHV ]pOpV RX VLQRQ
TXH FDFKH ILQDOHPHQW FHWWH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ DX 6FHDX GH OD
6DLQWHWp 0XKDPPDGLHQQH WLWUH TXL UHYLHQW SDU H[FHOOHQFH
DX&KHLNKDO$NEDU0XK\vGGvQ,EQ$UDEvGRQWODIRQFWLRQ
HVW RQ OH VDLW XQLTXH GDQV OKLVWRLUH GX F\FOH WUDGLWLRQQHO"
/HVSRqPHVLQLWLDWLTXHVTXLMRXHQWXQU{OHPDMHXUGDQVODYLH
ULWXHOOHGHOD+DPDZL\\DKHWFODPHQWODIRQFWLRQGX6FHDXj
WUDYHUV OHXU 0DvWUH SHXYHQWLOV rWUH OH IUXLW GXQH HUUHXU
GRFWULQDOH"2QHUpYqOHQWLOVSDVXQHUHODWLRQVHFUqWHDYHFOH
&KHLNK DO$NEDU IDFH LQWpULHXUH GH ODUFKpW\SH
PXKDPPDGLHQ GRQW OLQIOXHQFH GLVFUqWH PDLV SOHLQHPHQW
HIIHFWLYH FKH] GH QRPEUHX[ 0DvWUHV GX 7DVDZZXI  IXW
LQGLVFXWDEOH" $ WLWUH GH[HPSOH VL ORQ OD GLW DX VXMHW GH
7LHUQR%RNDUTXHOHV Futt al-makkiyyahpWDLHQWVRQOLYUH
GH FKHYHW QHVWFH SDV XQ LQGLFH TXLO UHFRQQDLVVDLW OD
VRPPH GH OXYUH DNEDULHQQH FRPPH OH OLYUHFKHI  GX
Tasawwuf"

$SUqV FHV TXHOTXHV UHPDUTXHV LQGLVSHQVDEOHV QRXV
SRXYRQV PDLQWHQDQW QRXV DWWDFKHU j PHWWUH HQ OXPLqUH OD
QDWXUH FKULVWLTXH GRQW VHVW UHYrWX OKpULWLHU PXKDPPDGLHQ
KDPDZvGDQVVDIRQFWLRQYLVjYLVGHO2FFLGHQWGRQWOHVLJQH
H[WpULHXU IXW VD SUpVHQFH HQ )UDQFH HQ VRQ FXU
JpRJUDSKLTXH PrPH GDQV ODQQpH TXL VFHOOD VRQ H[LVWHQFH
234. Fuu al-Hikam /D6DJHVVHGHV3URSKqWHV" Science sacre QRV
S


WHUUHVWUH SUpVHQFH TXL QHVW SDV VDQV UDSSHOHU FHOOH GH VRQ
FRQWHPSRUDLQDOJpULHQOH&KHLNKDO$ODZv 0LFKHO9kOVDQ
OXL FRQVDFUD HQ  XQH pWXGH TXL pFODLUDLW GH PDQLqUH
GpFLVLYH OH FDUDFWqUH DLVVDZv RX FKULVWLTXH TXLO HXW j
PDQLIHVWHUHXpJDUGGHODVHQVLELOLWpRFFLGHQWDOHGDQVVRQU{OH
GH WUDQVPLVVLRQ GH OLQIOXHQFH VSLULWXHOOH QpFHVVDLUH j
ODFWXDOLVDWLRQ GH OD SUpVHQFH GX Tasawwuf GDQV OH PRQGH
RFFLGHQWDO $ FHWWH RFFDVLRQ LO GRQQDLW pJDOHPHQW GHV
pOpPHQWV GXQH PpWKRGH KHUPpQHXWLTXH LQLWLpH GDQV XQ
SUpFpGHQW DUWLFOH VXU $EX <D]LG DO%LVWDPv IRQGpH VXU XQH
FRQQDLVVDQFHULJRXUHXVHGHOHQVHLJQHPHQWGRFWULQDODNEDULHQ
VXUODW\SRORJLHVSLULWXHOOHSHUPHWWDQWDLQVLGHUHFRQQDvWUHOHV
DUFKpW\SHV SURSKpWLTXHV DX[TXHOV VLGHQWLILHQW GDQV XQH
PHVXUHRXXQHDXWUHOHVrWUHVGHUpDOLVDWLRQVSLULWXHOOH

1RXVLQVLVWHURQVPDLQWHQDQWVXUOHIDLWTXHOHKhilfah
pVRWpULTXHGRQWIXWLQYHVWLDXGpEXWGXqPH VLqFOHOH&KHLNK
+DPDOOkK FRwQFLGD DYHF XQ pYpQHPHQW VDQV SUpFpGHQW GDQV
OKLVWRLUHGHO$IULTXHGHO2XHVWHWTXLERXOHYHUVDGHPDQLqUH
SURIRQGHORUGUHWHPSRUHOODFRORQLVDWLRQSDUOHVSXLVVDQFHV
RFFLGHQWDOHV TXL VHPSDUqUHQW GX SRXYRLU WHPSRUHO GpWHQX
MXVTXLFLSDUOHVDXWRULWpVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHV/H0DvWUHTXLGHYDLW
SRUWHUOHWLWUHVXSUrPHGDQVOpVRWpULVPHLVODPLTXHGH3{OH
GX WHPSV Qub az-Zamn  IXW DLQVL SODFp SURYLGHQ
WLHOOHPHQW GDQV XQH SRVLWLRQ WRXWH SDUWLFXOLqUH DYHF
O2FFLGHQWHWSOXVSUpFLVpPHQWDYHFOD)UDQFHFHTXLILWGLUH
j FHUWDLQV TXH OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK QDYDLW DIIDLUH TXj OD
 )DLW UHPDUTXDEOH VRQ FRQWHPSRUDLQ OH &KHLNK $KPDG DO$ODZv IXW
pJDOHPHQWFRQVLGpUpFRPPHOH3{OHGX7HPSVHWTXHGLUHGH*XpQRQTXLGqV
UHYrWDLWOHVOHWWUHVHPEOpPDWLTXHVGX3{OHHWGHVGHX[,PkPV AWY6L
FHWWHIRQFWLRQHVWXQLTXHHOOHQHPSrFKHSDVODPXOWLSOLFLWpGHVUpFHSWDFOHVGRQW
HOOHSHXWVHUHYrWLUQRQSDVVHXOHPHQWDXVHLQGXQHWUDGLWLRQPDLVGDQVWRXWHV
OHVIRUPHVSDUWLFXOLqUHVGHOD7UDGLWLRQSULPRUGLDOH$FHVXMHWRQVDLWTXHVDLQW
%HUQDUG HW $EG DO4kGLU DO-LOkQv RFFXSDLHQW DX PrPH PRPHQW OH GHJUp
VXSUrPH GH OD KLpUDUFKLH LQLWLDWLTXH VHORQ OH PRGH LGHQWLILDQW GH O,GHQWLWp
6XSUrPH FI0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ6DLQW%HUQDUG9LYDQWScience sacreQRV


 

)UDQFHHWDX[WHQDQWVGHO(PSLUHFRORQLDOIUDQoDLV1RXV
QRXV WURXYRQV DLQVL SORQJpV DX FXU GH OD TXHVWLRQ GH
O$XWRULWpVSLULWXHOOHHWGXSRXYRLUWHPSRUHOGDQVOXQHGHVHV
DSSOLFDWLRQV KLVWRULTXHV %LHQ TXpWDQW j OD VRXUFH GHV GHX[
SRXYRLUVHQWDQWTXH.KDOLIHGHOD5pDOLWpPXKDPPDGLHQQH
VRQGRPDLQHGLQWHUYHQWLRQFRPPHLOODFODLUHPHQWGpILQLVH
GHYDLW GrWUH SXUHPHQW VSLULWXHO FHVWjGLUH UHOHYDQW GH
ORUGUH VDFHUGRWDO (W FHVW GDQV FHWWH SHUVSHFWLYH TXH ORQ
LQWHUSUpWHUD VRQ SUHPLHU QRP RX SUpQRP TXL HVW FHOXL
GAhmad 0DLV UDSSHORQV WRXW GDERUG TXH OH SUpQRP
FRPPHVRQpW\PRORJLHOLQGLTXHSUpFqGHOHQRP&HGHUQLHU
VLOUHSUpVHQWHOHYpULWDEOHQRPGHOrWUHKXPDLQOHSOXVYUDL
GH WRXV QRP TXL HVW GDLOOHXUV SURSUHPHQW XQ QRPEUH DX
VHQV S\WKDJRULFLHQ HW NDEEDOLVWLTXH GH FH PRW > HW@
FRUUHVSRQGjODPRGDOLWpFHQWUDOHGHVRQLQGLYLGXDOLWpFHVWj
GLUHjVDUHVWDXUDWLRQGDQVOpWDWSULPRUGLDOFDUFHVWFHOXL
Oj TXL FRQVWLWXH OH[SUHVVLRQ LQWpJUDOH GH VRQ HVVHQFH
LQGLYLGXHOOH RQ SRXUUD GH OD VRUWH FRQVLGpUHU OH SUpQRP
FRPPH SUpFpGDQW RQWRORJLTXHPHQW OrWUH LQGLYLGXHO HW
VDSSOLTXHUDLQVLDX[pWDWVVXSpULHXUVGHOrWUH

2U OH SUpQRP Amad HVW SUpFLVpPHQW OH QRP FpOHVWH
GX3URSKqWHUHWGDQVOHFDVGX&KHLNKLOHVWHQFRUUpODWLRQ
VSLULWXHOOH DYHF OH QRP Hamallh TXL UHSUpVHQWH OD IL[DWLRQ
OLWWpUDOH GH VRQ HQYHORSSH LQGLYLGXHOOH FRPPH ODWWHVWH VRQ
QRPEUHTXLOLGHQWLILHDORUVDXcorpusFRUDQLTXH4XDQWj
OD YDOHXU GpYHORSSpH GX QRP Amad HOOH HVW GH   OD
YDOHXUQXPpULTXHGHO(VSULW al-R 6LORQXQLW AmadHW
pamallhFHVWjGLUHUHVSHFWLYHPHQWO(VSULWHWOHFRUSVRQ
REWLHQW HQ WHQDQW FRPSWH GH OXQLWp GHV GHX[ WHUPHV OH
QRPEUH  TXL H[SULPH UHPDUTXDEOHPHQW OH FDUDFWqUH
HQJOREDQW HW WRWDOLVDWHXU GH O+RPPH XQLYHUVHO 2Q
UHPDUTXHUD TXH GDQV OH comput GHV GHX[ WHUPHV OXQ HVW HQ
PRGH VLPSOH HW ODXWUH HQ PRGH GpYHORSSp 2U OH
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop. citS
amd  
alru  


GpYHORSSHPHQW GX WHUPH FpOHVWH GRLW rWUH FRQoX FRPPH


MDLOOLVVDQWGXFRUSVGHODOHWWUHHWVHUDFRQVLGpUpDORUVFRPPH
XQGpYHORSSHPHQWVSLULWXHO3XLVTXHORFFDVLRQVHSUpVHQWH
LFLQRXVVLJQDOHURQVXQHDXWUHSRVVLELOLWpGHFRPSWH,OH[LVWH
XQH PpWKRGH GH FDOFXO GH FHUWDLQV 0DvWUHV VRXILV TXL
GpWHUPLQHQW OH QRPEUH GX PRW j SDUWLU GHV SDUWLHV
PDQTXDQWHVGHVOHWWUHVpFULWHV 3DUH[HPSOHSRXUODOHWWUH
mmOH mHVWpFULWWDQGLVTXHODSDUWLHmHVWHQTXHOTXHVRUWH
FDFKpH /D VRPPH GHV OHWWUHV PDQTXDQWHV RX FDFKpHV GXQ
PRW FRQVWLWXHUD DORUV OHVSULW RX OLGpH SXUH GH FHOXLFL
$SSOLTXpH j ODXWUH JUDSKLH GX QRP GX &KHLNK OD YDOHXU
VSLULWXHOOH GX PRW Ham Allh HVW DORUV SUpFLVpPHQW GH 
&HVWFHWDVSHFWDKPDGLHQTXLYDPDLQWHQDQWDWWLUHUQRWUH
DWWHQWLRQ

$X 6RXGDQ IUDQoDLV O,VODP D\DQW SHUGX OH SRXYRLU
WHPSRUHO OHV YRLHV LQLWLDWLTXHV FRPPH OD 7LMkQL\\DK TXL
pWDLHQW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSOLTXpHV GHYDLHQW GDQVXQHFHUWDLQH
PHVXUH VH GpJDJHU GH WRXWH DFWLYLWp WHPSRUHOOH HQWHQGXH
GDQV VRQ DVSHFW GH JRXYHUQHPHQW H[WpULHXU &HVW OD UDLVRQ
TXH GRQQH +DPSkWp %k GH OD SUHPLqUH PLVVLRQ GX &KHLNK
/DNKGDUGHUDPHQHUOHVFRPPXQDXWpVWLMkQLHVDXQRPEUH
/DWLGMDQL\DQD\DQWSOXVGpVRUPDLVjSUHQGUHSDUWjDXFXQ
FRPPDQGHPHQWWHPSRUHOjDXFXQHDFWLRQH[WpULHXUHHOOHVH
GHYDLW GH UHYHQLU DX QRPEUH V\PEROLVDQW OD SXUH
FRQWHPSODWLRQ HW OHV YDOHXUV VSLULWXHOOHV  SXLV SUpFLVH
HQFRUH/DWLGMDQL\DVHWURXYDQWGpVRUPDLVGHSDUODYRORQWp
PrPHGH'LHXGpFKDUJpHGHVHVUHVSRQVDELOLWpVWHPSRUHOOHV
TXLSDVVDLHQWHQWUHOHVPDLQVGHV)UDQoDLVLODSSDUWHQDLWDX[
DGHSWHVGHUHYHQLUjODIRUPXOHQXPpUDOHTXLFRUUHVSRQGDLWj
XQH YRFDWLRQ GH SXUH VSLULWXDOLWp HW TXL HQ YpKLFXODLW OHV
YHUWXV,OSUpFLVDLWHQFRUHTXHQRPEUHpWDLWOHQRPEUH
1RXVSHQVRQVSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWDX&KHLNK6kLQDG'vQ7XUNkDXWHXUGXQ
FRPPHQWDLUHGHVFu
. (h) + (m)m + (y) + (a)lif + (l)m + (l)m + (h) = 1+ 50 + 1 + 110 + 41 + 41
+ 1 = 245

. $+%kop. citS

 

GLYLQGH+RXD /XL QRPGHSXUHWUDQVFHQGDQFH



/H FKDQJHPHQW ULWXHO DSSRUWp SDU OH &KHLNK 6LGv
0XKDPPDG DO$NKGkU SXLV SRXUVXLYL SDU &KHLNK +DPDOOkK
IXWjORULJLQHGXQJUDYHFRQIOLWHQWUHOHVGHX[UDPHDX[GHOD
WLMkQL\\DK HW TXH ODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ FRORQLDOH DSSHOD ODIIDLUH
GHV RQ]H JUDLQV 3RXU OD VXSSUHVVLRQ GXQ JUDLQ DX URVDLUH
WLMkQLIDLVDQWDLQVLSDVVHUGHjOHQRPEUHGHODSULqUHVXU
OH 3URSKqWH TXH QRXV DYLRQV pYRTXpH FHUWDLQV 0DUDERXWV
WRXFRXOHXUV GH OREpGLHQFH GDO+DMM 8PDU ORLQ GH VXLYUH
OHXU LOOXVWUH DQFrWUH VXU FHWWH TXHVWLRQ PHQqUHQW XQ FRPEDW
VDQVPHUFLFRQWUHOHQRXYHORUGUHTXLWHOXQSXLVVDQWIOHXYH
VHUpSDQGDLWDX[TXDWUHFRLQVGHO$IULTXHGHO2XHVW

$QLPpV SDU GHV LQWpUrWV GH SRXYRLU LOV VDSSX\qUHQW
DORUVVXUODGPLQLVWUDWLRQFRORQLDOHTXLOVVHUYDLHQWSRXUWHQWHU
GpUDGLTXHU ORUGUH KpUpWLTXH DX[ \HX[ GH ORUWKRGR[LH VRL
GLVDQWRPDULHQQH$LQVLGHVYDJXHVVXFFHVVLYHVGHUpSUHVVLRQ
VDEDWWLUHQW VXU ORUGUH KDPDZv DILQ GH PHQHU XQ YpULWDEOH
VDFULILFH GH VRQ pOLWH SXLV GH OHQVHPEOH GH VHV PHPEUHV j
WUDYHUVGHVGpSRUWDWLRQVGHVH[LOVGHVDVVLJQDWLRQVjGHPHXUH
HWPrPHGHVPLVHVjPRUW

/HV HIIHWV LPPpGLDWHPHQW SHUFHSWLEOHV TXH FHWWH
VLQJXOLqUHSHUPXWDWLRQQXPpULTXHHQWUDvQDGDQVOHVGRPDLQHV
VSLULWXHO HW WHPSRUHO SURFqGHQW HQ UpDOLWp GH OD SXLVVDQFH
RSpUDWLYHGXQRPEUHGDQVORUGUHWUDQVFHQGDQW$ODVSHFW
YLYLILFDWHXU GH FH QRPEUH TXL SHUPLW DX[ rWUHV GDFFpGHU GH
 Ibid.
 $LQVLOH&KHLNKSUpFXUVHXU0XKDPPDG/DNKGDUIXWH[SXOVpGH1LRUR
HW GpFLGD GH VH UHQGUH j 6DLQW/RXLV GX 6pQpJDO R LO UHQFRQWUD OHV JUDQGV
PDvWUHV GH OpSRTXH TXL LQWHUYLQUHQW SRXU IDFLOLWHU VRQ UHWRXU 6DLQW/RXLV
Ndar TXLIXWGHjODFDSLWDOHGHO$IULTXH2FFLGHQWDOH)UDQoDLVHIXW
XQOLHXGHVpMRXU VRXYHQWIRUFp GHVJUDQGVPDvWUHVGXVRXILVPHHQSULVHDYHF
OHSRXYRLUFRORQLDO6KpULI +DPDOODK\GHPHXUHUDOHVVL[SUHPLHUVPRLVGH
WHUUDVVp SDU OD PDODGLH  $OLRXQH 7UDRUp op. cit. S   4XLO QRXV VRLW
SHUPLVGDMRXWHUTXHFHWWHYLOOHH[FHSWLRQQHOOHPHQWSODFpHDXSRLQWGHYXHGHOD
JpRJUDSKLH VDFUpH MRXH DXVVL XQ U{OH LPSRUWDQW VXU OH SODQ pVRWpULTXH GX
taarruf OH JRXYHUQHPHQW pVRWpULTXH GHV DIIDLUHV GX PRQGH FH TXL D IDLW
QRWDPPHQWGLUHjXQVDLQWFRQWHPSRUDLQGHFHWWHYLOOHLOQ\DGDQVFHPRQGH
TXHGHX[FHQWUHV%DJGDGHW6DLQW/RXLV


PDQLqUH HIIHFWLYH OHXU QDWXUH VSLULWXHOOH VRSSRVD SDU


FRPSHQVDWLRQ XQH WHQWDWLYH LOOXVRLUH GH PLVH j PRUW GX
QRXYHO RUGUH LQLWLDWLTXH TXL VHUD DLQVL PDUW\ULVp ,O HVW
VLJQLILFDWLI j FHW pJDUG TXH PDOJUp OD YRORQWp DIILUPpH GX
&KHLNK$KPDG+DPDOOkKGHUHVWHUGDQVOHGRPDLQHVSLULWXHO
FHOXLFL VHUD FRQVWDPPHQW VXVSHFWp SXLV DFFXVp GH SUpSDUHU
XQHJXHUUHVDLQWHFRQWUHOHV)UDQoDLV2UOHQRPEUHGRQW
OHV 0DvWUHV KDPDZvV YHUVpV GDQV OD VFLHQFH GHV QRPEUHV
GHYDLHQW HQ FRQQDvWUH OHV YHUWXV pWDLW ELHQ SDVVp GX F{Wp
GHV )UDQoDLV SXLVTXH FH QRPEUH HVW ELHQ FHOXL GX
JRXYHUQHPHQW WHPSRUHO RX HQ WHUPHV LVODPLTXHV GX
.KDOLIDW VXU WHUUH (Q HIIHW OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK KpULWLHU
PXKDPPDGLHQjODIRLVSDUOHFRUSVHWOHVSULWH[SULPDLWELHQ
OH VHFUHW GH FHV GHX[ QRPEUHV SXLVTXH OHXU XQLRQ TXL HVW
FHOOH GHV GHX[ UR\DXPHV WHUUHVWUH HW FpOHVWH DX SRLQW GH YXH
PDFURFRVPLTXHRXFHOOHGHOrWUHLQGLYLGXHOHWVSLULWXHOVHORQ
OH SRLQW PLFURFRVPLTXHUpYqOHOHQRPEUH [ TXL
HVW FHOXL GH 0XKDPPDG U O+RPPH XQLYHUVHO 3UpFLVRQV
pJDOHPHQWTXHFHQRPEUHHVWFHOXLGX&XU Qalb TXLHVWOH
OLHXGXUHQYHUVHPHQW taqallub HWSHUPHWOHSDVVDJHGX Mulk
0RQGHWHUUHVWUH DX Malakt 0RQGHFpOHVWH HWGX Malakt
DX Jabart 0RQGH GH OD 7RXWH3XLVVDQFH FRHUFLWLYH GLYLQH 
6LORQYHXWGpWHUPLQHUOHPRPHQWSUpFLVGHFHSDVVDJHLOIDXW
HQ PrPH WHPSV UHWURXYHU OH OLHX VHQVLEOH GH OD JpRJUDSKLH
VDFUpHTXLGRLWDLQVLSRUWHULQGLFLEOHPHQWWRXVOHVVLJQHVGHOD
GRFWULQH GX VDFULILFH HW PHWWUH HQ OXPLqUH OH WUDQVIHUW GH OD
IRQFWLRQPXKDPPDGLHQQHjODIRQFWLRQDLVVDZvH



/H &KHLNK +DPDOOkK HQ UDLVRQ GH VRQ DWWLWXGH GH
UpVHUYH YLVjYLV GHV DXWRULWpV FRORQLDOHV IXW UDSLGHPHQW
GpQRQFp SDU VHV DGYHUVDLUHV OHV PDUDERXWV SURFKHV GX
V\VWqPHFRORQLDO FRPPHKRVWLOHjOD)UDQFHHWPDOJUpGHV
VRXWLHQV FRPPH FHOXL GH 0 *DGHQ JRXYHUQHXU GH
. &HX[FLTXLVHSUpVHQWDLHQWFRPPHOHVJDUDQWVGHORUWKRGR[LHLVODPLTXH
MRXqUHQWOHPDXYDLVU{OHGHGRFWHXUVGHODORLIDFHXQUpQRYDWHXUTXLFRPPHVRQ
QRPOLQGLTXHDSSRUWHGXQRXYHDX LQQRYDWHXUDXVHQVSRVLWLI GXWHUPH 
 

0DXULWDQLH XQ YpULWDEOH FRPSORW VH WUDPD DXWRXU GX 0DvWUH


DILQ GLQFLWHU ODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ j OH VXUYHLOOHU SXLV GDQV XQH
GHX[LqPHSKDVHjOHSHUVpFXWHU$LQVLGHVLQFLGHQWVVXUYHQXV
j 1LRUR   HQWUH GLVFLSOHV GHV GHX[ EUDQFKHV
VHUYLUHQWGHSUpWH[WHjXQHLQWHUYHQWLRQIUDQoDLVHGHQYHUJXUH
FRQWUH OH &KHLNK GRQW OHVSULW GLQGpSHQGDQFH pWDLW PDO
DSSUpFLp(QLOIXWFRQYRTXpj.RXORXED VLqJHGX
JRXYHUQHPHQW GX 6RXGDQ IUDQoDLV SDU 7HUUDVVRQ GH
)RXJqUHVOH*RXYHUQHXUHQSODFH$PDGRX+DPSkWpSUpFLVH
GDQV XQ GRFXPHQW LQpGLW TXDYDQW GrWUH EDSWLVpH
KouloubaFHWWHFROOLQHVDSSHODLWDjama-dje-KuluFHVW
jGLUH FROOLQH R OH SHXSOH VH UpXQLW >@ 4XHO SHXSOH VH
UpXQLVVDLWOj"/HV0DvWUHVGXFRXWHDXHWFKDQWUHVGX.RPR
GH WRXV OHV YLOODJHV VLWXpV HQWUH %DQNXPDQD HW .RXOLNRUR
8QHIRLVWRXVOHVVHSWDQVFHVRIILFLDQWVGXFXOWHWUDGLWLRQQHO
YHQDLHQWOjSRXUFRPPpPRUHUODOHYpHGHODSUHPLqUHYLHUJH
LPPROpH DX 'LHX Sutiba $LQVL FH OLHX GH OD JpRJUDSKLH
VDFUpHQHIXWSDVFKRLVLSDUKDVDUGSRXUILJXUHUOHFHQWUHGX
JRXYHUQHPHQWFRORQLDOHWQRXVIHURQVUHPDUTXHUTXHOHQRP
GH Koulouba VH IRQGH VXU OHV PrPHV UDGLFDX[ TXH Qalb OH
FXU TXL YpKLFXOH OHV LGpHV GH UDVVHPEOHPHQW HQ WDQW
TXH[SUHVVLRQGXFHQWUHPDLVDXVVLOLGpHVRXVVDIRUPHDUDEH
GH UHWRXUQHPHQW 1H GRLWRQ SDV YRLU V\PEROLTXHPHQW
FHWWH FROOLQH VDFUpH FRPPH OH OLHX TXL GHYDLW PDUTXHU OH
VDFULILFH GX 6DLQW KRPPH { FRPELHQ YLUJLQDO " 1RXV QRXV
DSSXLHURQV VXU OHV GLIIpUHQWHV YHUVLRQV TXL UHODWHQW OpSLVRGH
GH .RXORXED TXL HVW OD JUDQGH UHQFRQWUH HQWUH OH WHQDQW GX
SRXYRLU WHPSRUHO HW OH UHSUpVHQWDQW GH O$XWRULWp VSLULWXHOOH
PDLVTXLSOXW{WSXLVHjODVRXUFHPrPHGHVGHX[SRXYRLUV

6HORQ XQH GHV YHUVLRQV OH JRXYHUQHXU DXUDLW SUpFLVp
SRXU MXVWLILHU OD GpSRUWDWLRQ GX 0DvWUH WRQ QRP HVW WURS
JUDQG FKpULI  +DPDOOkK WURS JUDQG 6L OH JRXYHUQHXU QH
SRXYDLW DYRLU FRQVFLHQFH GH OD SXLVVDQFH GXQH WHOOH
GpFODUDWLRQ RQ QH SHXW TXrWUH VWXSpIDLW GXQH WHOOH
FRwQFLGHQFH GRFWULQDOH SXLVTXHOOH WRXFKH SUpFLVpPHQW j OD
6LWXpHjTXHOTXHVNLORPqWUHVGHODFDSLWDOH%DPDNR


QDWXUH PrPH GH FHOXL TXL IXW XQ GpSRVLWDLUH GpOHFWLRQ GX
*UDQG1RPGH'LHX&DUFHVWELHQOjODUDLVRQSURIRQGHGH
FHWWH SHUVpFXWLRQ j OLPDJH GX FDOYDLUH FKULVWLTXH 6XU OH
WKpkWUH GHV pYpQHPHQWV TXL PHW HQ VFqQH VD UHODWLRQ DYHF
O(PSLUHFRORQLDOIUDQoDLVVHUHWURXYHQWWRXVOHVDFWHXUVGHOD
WUDJpGLH GX &KULVW $ OLPDJH GX 0HVVLH SRXU TXL VRQ
5R\DXPHQHVWSDVGHFHPRQGHOH&KHLNKVHGpWHUPLQHUD
FRPPH XQ SXU FRQWHPSODWLI  GpODLVVDQW YRORQWDLUHPHQW OHV
DIIDLUHV WHPSRUHOOHV FRPPH HQ WpPRLJQH OH UpFLW GH OHXU
HQWUHWLHQ1RXVUDSSHORQVTXHVDFRQYRFDWLRQIDLVDLWVXLWHDX
FRPSORW RUFKHVWUp SDU FHUWDLQV PDUDERXWV WRXFRXOHXUV
KRVWLOHV DX &KHLNK GH 1LRUR HQ UDLVRQ GHV YLFWRLUHV
VSLULWXHOOHV UHPSRUWpHV DX[ TXDWUH FRLQV GH O$2) TXL
OLYUqUHQW SRXU DLQVL GLUH SDU OHXU PDFKLQDWLRQ OH SLHX[
DVFqWH &H GHUQLHU IXW FRQYRTXp j %DPDNR DILQ GH VH YRLU
VLJQLILHU VD SHLQH GLQWHUQHPHQW SURFKDLQ SRXU XQH SpULRGH
GH  DQV VRXV ODFFXVDWLRQ GrWUH OLQVWLJDWHXU GH WURXEOHV
SROLWLTXHV /H &KHLNK IDFH j XQ JRXYHUQHXU VRXUG j WRXWH
H[SOLFDWLRQGpILQLWOHVGRPDLQHVUHVSHFWLIVGHVGHX[SRXYRLUV
HW GH OD VRUWHUHQG j &pVDU FH TXL HVW j &pVDU HW j 'LHX FH
TXLHVWj'LHX

0RQVLHXUOH*RXYHUQHXUMHWDLGpMjGLWTXHMHQDL
IDLW DXFXQH HVSqFH GH SURSDJDQGH 7X HV OD SHUVRQQLILFDWLRQ
GH ODXWRULWp HW WX OH[HUFHV HIIHFWLYHPHQW D\DQW j WD
GLVSRVLWLRQ GHV VROGDWV GHV JDUGHV XQH DUPpH 0RL MH QDL
TXH PRQ FKDSHOHW 4XDQG MDL SD\p PRQ LPS{W HW UHPSOL
WRXWHV OHV REOLJDWLRQV LPSRVpHV j XQ VXMHW PRQ U{OH HVW
WHUPLQp-HQDLSDVjPRFFXSHUGHFHX[TXLWURXEOHQWORUGUH
SXEOLF QH VHUDLWFH TXH SRXU QH SDV HPSLpWHU VXU WHV
DWWULEXWLRQV 'DLOOHXUV WX QH PDV MDPDLV GHPDQGp
GLQWHUYHQLUDXSUqVGHQLPSRUWHTXHOPXVXOPDQGDQVDXFXQH
FLUFRQVWDQFH 4XH QH IDLVWX YHQLU FHX[ TXH WX DSSHOOHV PHV
GLVFLSOHV HW TXL WURXEOHQW ORUGUH SXEOLF FHVW j WRL TXLO
DSSDUWLHQW SXLVTXLOV WUDQVJUHVVHQW WHV RUGUHV HW IRQW OH
FRQWUDLUH GH WD YRORQWp GH OHV FKkWLHU DLQVL TXLOV OH
 0DUF;,,
 

PpULWHQW 'DQV XQ DXWUH SDVVDJH OH &KHLNK FRQILUPH


PrPH ODXWRULWp GX JRXYHUQHXU HQ DMRXWDQW TXH FHVW 'LHX
OXLPrPHTXLDIDLWGHOXLQRWUHFKHI

7RXMRXUV HVWLO TXH OHV VDJHV UpSOLTXHV GX 0DvWUH
GpFOHQFKqUHQWODIXUHXUGXJRXYHUQHXU7HUUDVVRQGH)RXJqUHV
TXLGpFLGDODGpSRUWDWLRQSURFKDLQHGX&KHLNK>LQWHUSUqWH@
'LV DX &KpULI  +DPDOOkK >@ TXH MH YLHQV GRUGRQQHU GHV
PHVXUHVVpYqUHVFRQWUHOXL4XDQGXQPHPEUHHVWJDQJUHQp
LO IDXW ODPSXWHU SRXU QH SDV HPSRLVRQQHUWRXWOHFRUSV&H
TXL UHYLHQW j GLUH TXH MH OH VRUWLUDL GX 6RXGDQ -H OH IHUDL
LQWHUQHU ORLQ GH FH SD\V ,O QH SRXUUD SOXV IDLUH GH PDO j
SHUVRQQH &HWLQWHUQHPHQWTXLDOODLWLVROHUOHPHPEUHOH
SOXV pPLQHQW GH OD 7DUvTDK WLMkQL\\DK UHSURGXLW
V\PEROLTXHPHQW OH SURFHVVXV GH PLVH j PRUW SDU
GpFDSLWDWLRQ DX VHQV SURSUH GX WHUPH SXLVTXH MH VXLV
FRQGDPQp j OD GpSRUWDWLRQ MH VXLV GRQF FRPPH XQ
FRQGDPQp j PRUW GLUD OXLPrPH OH 0DvWUH j ORFFDVLRQ GH
FHWWH QRXYHOOH /D GDWH TXL PDUTXH OH GpEXW GH FHWWH SKDVH
VDFULILFLHOOH UHOHYpH GDQV XQ GRFXPHQW GDUFKLYHV GH
FLUFRQVWDQFHGRLWUHWHQLUWRXWHQRWUHDWWHQWLRQ


OH YHQGUHGL  GpFHPEUH  MRXU GH 1RsO IXW
SRXUODSRSXODWLRQLQGLJqQHGH%DPDNRXQMRXUGHSURIRQGH
WULVWHVVH /pPRWLRQ IXW JURVVH FDXVpH SDU OD QRXYHOOH GH
OHQYRL HQ H[LO GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK JUDQG HW SDLVLEOH
PDUDERXW XQLYHUVHOOHPHQW DLPp HW UHVSHFWp GDQV WRXWH
O$IULTXH2FFLGHQWDOH)UDQoDLVH

'qVXQHKHXUHGXPDWLQGHVEUXLWVVHSHUoRLYHQWGHV
FKXFKRWHPHQWV VLJQLILFDWLIV LQGLTXHQW TXLO VH SUpSDUH XQ
FRXS DQRUPDO FH VRQW OHV IRQFWLRQQDLUHV GH OD VUHWp TXL
 2Q SHXW SHUFHYRLU GDQV OHV WUDLWV GH FDUDFWqUH GX &KHLNK XQH KXPLOLWp
WRXWH FKULVWLTXH /H &KHLNK DO$NEDU ODWWULEXH SUpFLVpPHQW j $LVVk GDQV OH
FKDSLWUH TXL OXL FRQVDFUp GDQV /HV Fuu al-Hikam -pVXV PDQLIHVWD GH
OKXPLOLWp MXVTXj RUGRQQHU TXLOV SD\HQW OH WULEXW HQ VKXPLOLDQW HW TXH VL
TXHOTXXQ HVW IUDSSp VXU OD MRXH LO WHQGH ODXWUH jFHOXLTXLODIUDSSpHWQHVH
UpYROWHSDVFRQWUHOXLQLFKHUFKHYHQJHDQFH
'RFXPHQWLQpGLWG$+%kFLWpSDU%6DYDGRJRGDQVVDWKqVH


IRQW OHXUV SUpSDUDWLIV SRXU HQOHYHU OH FKpULI  +DPDOOkK >@


/HV UXHV DYRLVLQDQW OD GHPHXUH GX PDUDERXW VRQW RFFXSpHV
SDU GHV JDUGHV GH FHUFOHV HW GHV DJHQWV GH SROLFH DUPpVOHV
DXWRVVRQWOjTXLIRQWGXWLQWDPDUUHOHVYRLVLQVVHUpYHLOOHQW
HQVXUVDXWOHVIHPPHVVDIIROHQWHWGDQVWRXWFHEURXKDKDOH
FRPPLVVDLUH GH SROLFH avec toute sa majest GLW OD VHQWHQFH
TXL GRLW FRQVDFUHU OH PDOKHXU GXQ LQQRFHQW et donner au
Chrif Hamallh une aurole de martyre

&RPPH RQ SHXW LFL HQ PHVXUHU WRXWH ODPSOHXU OD
WUDJpGLH FKULVWLTXH WURXYH XQ SURORQJHPHQW LQpGLW GDQV FHW
pSLVRGH OH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK TXL VH YRLW DLQVL FRXURQQp GH
ODXUpROH FHVWjGLUH OD FRXURQQH GRU GH OD 5R\DXWp
VSLULWXHOOHSDUODXWRULWpWHPSRUHOOHGXQHVLQJXOLqUHIDoRQjOD
GDWH V\PEROLTXH GH OD QDLVVDQFH GH O$JQHDX GLYLQ TXL VXLW
LPPpGLDWHPHQW ODQQRQFH GH VD PRUW SDU GpFDSLWDWLRQ
5DSSHORQV TXH ODXUpROH HVW XQ SURFpGp XQLYHUVHO SRXU
YDORULVHUXQSHUVRQQDJHHQFHTXLO\DGHSOXVQREOHODWrWH
*UkFH j ODXUpROH OD WrWH HVW FRPPH DJUDQGLH HOOH UD\RQQH
&KH] OKRPPH DXUpROp OD SDUWLH VXSpULHXUH FpOHVWH HW
VSLULWXHOOH D SULV OD SUpSRQGpUDQFH FHVW OKRPPH DFKHYp
XQLILp SDU OH KDXW 2Q D SX GLUH GHV VDLQWV HQ HIIHW TXLOV
VKDUPRQLVDLHQW GDQV OHV KDXWHXUV 1H VLGHQWLILHWLO SDV
GH PDQLqUH VLJQLILFDWLYH j O$JQHDX GX VDFULILFH TXDQG LO
UDSSHOOH DX *RXYHUQHXU DX FRXUV GH FH PrPH HQWUHWLHQ GH
.RXORXEDXQHIDEOHWRXWHHPSUHLQWHGHVDJHVVHDIULFDLQHsi
le Gouverneur croit que je suis un criminel, quil me punisse.
Mais il ne faut pas quil imite la hyne qui, voulant manger son
petit, lui dit : Tu ressembles un agneau . Le petit, ahuri,
scria : Comment maman, puis-je ressembler un
agneau ? - La preuve est que tu bles en ce moment dit la
hyne. Et elle sauta sur son petit et le dvora.

/D PHQWLRQ GH FHV GHX[ DQLPDX[ V\PEROLTXHV

 /DPLQH *XH\H MRXUQDO GH O$2) GX  MDQYLHU  &HVW QRXV TXL
VRXOLJQRQV
&IDXUpROHin&KHYDOLHUHW*KHHUEUDQW Dictionnaire des symboles.
'RFXPHQWLQpGLWG$+%kFLWpSDU%6DYDGRJRGDQVVDWKqVH
 

DX[TXHOV VLGHQWLILHQW OHV UHSUpVHQWDQWV UHVSHFWLIV GHV GHX[


SRXYRLUV PpULWHUDLW GrWUH pWXGLpH 1RXV UHOqYHURQV
VLPSOHPHQWTXHODVSHFWQpIDVWHGHODK\qQHGDQVODWUDGLWLRQ
DIULFDLQHQHVWSDVVDQVUDSSHOHUFHOXLGXORXSHQ2FFLGHQWHW
FHWWH SDUDEROH DIULFDLQH SHXW rWUH PLVH HQ FRUUHVSRQGDQFH
DYHF OD FpOqEUH fable du loup et de lagneau GH -HDQ GH OD
)RQWDLQH /D K\qQH D SDUPL VHV QRPV HQ DUDEH  GRQW OD
UDFLQH VLJQLILH DOORQJHU OH EUDV SRXUIUDSSHUTXHOTXXQG
XQ
VDEUHFHTXLHVWDVVH]SDUODQWHQFHWWHFLUFRQVWDQFH(OOHHVW
DXVVLVHORQ3OLQHODQFLHQXQDQLPDOPLFKLHQPLORXSHW
OD TXHVWLRQ GH FHWWH GRXEOH QDWXUH V\PEROH GXQ PRPHQW
DSRFDO\SWLTXH HQ UHODWLRQ DYHF ODSSDULWLRQ GH OD IRQFWLRQ
SRODLUH QH SHXW rWUH GpYHORSSpH LFL PDLV QRXV IHURQV
VLPSOHPHQWUHPDUTXHUTXHOH&KHLNK+DPDOOkKVLGHQWLILHOXL
PrPHDXSHWLWGHOD+\qQHPDLVDSSDUDLVVDQWVRXVOHVWUDLWV
GHO$JQHDXFHTXLGHYUDVLQWHUSUpWHUFHWWHIRLVSRVLWLYHPHQW
FRPPHRFFXOWDQWOHVHFUHWGHFHWDQLPDOjGRXEOHQDWXUHSDU
OD IRQFWLRQ GH ODJQHDX  OHORXSUHYrWXGXQHSHDXGDJQHDX
TXLSHXWpYLGHPPHQWVHQWHQGUHHQSOXVLHXUVVHQVGXQSRLQW
GHYXHLQLWLDWLTXH6L5HQp*XpQRQHQVHLJQHTXHOHQRPGXQ
rWUH TXL HVW DXVVL XQ QRPEUH HVW XQH H[SUHVVLRQ GH VRQ
HVVHQFHLOUDSSHODLWpJDOHPHQWTXHOHQRPDXVHQVOLWWpUDO
HVW SURSUHPHQW XQ VRQ GRQF DSSDUWLHQW j ORUGUH DXGLWLI
'RLWRQ VpWRQQHU j SDUWLU GH FHV FRQVLGpUDWLRQV GH UHWURXYHU
SKRQpWLTXHPHQW OH VRQ hamal GDQV OH QRP GX &KHLNK " /H
QRP+DPDOOkKQHSHXWLOSDVDXVVLrWUHHQWHQGXFRPPH hamal
lahHWVLJQLILHUDORUVOLWWpUDOHPHQWDJQHDXSRXU/XL 'LHX "

/DJQHDXVHGLWHQDUDEHal-hamalTXLGpVLJQHDXVVLOH
EpOLHU HW GRQQH VRQ QRP j OD FRQVWHOODWLRQ PDUTXDQW
ORXYHUWXUH GH OD VDLVRQ QRXYHOOH DXWUHPHQW GLW GH OqUH
QRXYHOOH /D UDFLQH pML H[SULPH OHV LGpHV GH SRUWHU HW
VXSSRUWHU TXL SHXYHQW UHQYR\HU j OD IRQFWLRQ GH O$JQHDX
LPPROp2QQRWHUDTXHOHVLJQHGX%pOLHUHVWOHGRPLFLOHGH
0DUVHWTXHOHFLHOGHFHWWHSODQqWHHVWFHOXLGHOD5R\DXWpHW
GX&DOLIDW (W7LHUQR%RNDU\IDLVDLWSUpFLVpPHQWDOOXVLRQ
 0XKDPPDG9kOVDQ,QWURGXFWLRQjOpWXGHGHV)XVXVScience sacre nos1-2


TXDQGLOHQVHLJQDj+DPSkWp%kTXH&KpULI +DPDOOkKDYDLW
SULVVDFKHIIHULHVSLULWXHOOHDXPRPHQWPrPHHQROH
PRQGH HQWUDLW GDQV XQ F\FOH GH 0DUV F\FOH GH WURXEOH GH
FRQIOLWVHWGHJXHUUHV7RXWVDLQWRXSURSKqWHPHGLWLOGRQW
ODYqQHPHQW FRwQFLGH DYHF OH GpEXW GXQ F\FOH GH 0DUV
UHQFRQWUHUDSOXVGHGpERLUHVTXHGHMRXUVSDLVLEOHVFHTXLQH
GLPLQXH HQ ULHQ VD YDOHXU VSLULWXHOOH 1RWUH JUDQG PDvWUH OH
&KHLNK $KPHG 7LGMDQL DYDLW UHFRPPDQGp j VHV JUDQGV
pOqYHV VL YRXV rWHV FDORPQLpV QH FDORPQLH] SDV 6L YRXV
UHFHYH]GHVFRXSVQHOHVUHQGH]SDV6LTXHOTXXQYRXVUHIXVH
XQH IDYHXU YRXV DFFRUGH]OXLHQ &KHULI  +DPDOOkK DMRXWD
7LHUQRDUHVSHFWpMXVTX
DXERXWFHFRPPDQGHPHQW 2U
7LHUQR %RNDU OXL DXVVL UHVSHFWD FHWWH SUHVFULSWLRQ VRXILH
SXLVTXH OXLPrPH GHYHQX 0DvWUH j OkJHGHDQVFHVWj
GLUHDXGpEXWGHFHWWHPrPHSpULRGHF\FOLTXHSDUWDJHDVRQ
PDUW\UFHTXLSHUPHWGHFRPSUHQGUHOHVDIILQLWpVpWURLWHVTXL
OLqUHQW OH GHX[ PDvWUHV GDQV OHXU SKDVH VDFULILFLHOOH 5HQp
*XpQRQUDSSHOOHGDLOOHXUVjFHVXMHWTXHOHFLHOGH0DUVHVW
UHSUpVHQWpFRPPHVpMRXUGHVPDUW\UVGHODUHOLJLRQLO\D
PrPHOjVXU MarteHW MartiriXQHVRUWHGHMHXGHPRWVGRQW
RQSRXUUDLWWURXYHUDLOOHXUVGDXWUHVH[HPSOHVFHVWDLQVLTXH
ODFROOLQHGH0RQWPDUWUHIXWDXWUHIRLVOH Mont de MarsDYDQW
GHGHYHQLUOH0RQWGHV0DUW\UV'RLWRQDXVVLYRLUXQMHX
GH PRWV ORUVTXHPEDUTXp VXU OH EDWHDX j YDSHXU 6LGv $LVV
0RQVHLJQHXU -pVXV OH &KHLNK +DPDOODK DUULYD j 0DUVHLOOH
SRXUO
XOWLPHSKDVHGHVRQSqOHULQDJHVXSUrPHDXTXHOLODYDLW
UpSRQGX ORUV GH VD GHUQLqUH DUUHVWDWLRQ SDU OD IRUPXOH
FRQVDFUpH GX +DMM  labbayk Allahumma labbayk  0H YRLFL
WRXWj7RL{PRQ'LHX


/H PDUW\U GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK VHUD OHPSULVRQ
QHPHQWTXLHVWXQHDXWUHPRGDOLWpV\PEROLTXHGHODPLVHHQ
FURL[ (Q HIIHW FHVW DLQVL TXHQ  VRXYULW XQ SUHPLHU
Vie et enseignement de Tierno BokarS
 &HWWH QRWH GH 5HQp *XpQRQ IDLW VXLWH j XQH LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ GH OD FURL[
V\PEROLTXHYXHSDU'DQWHGDQVOHFLHOGH0DUV
 

F\FOHGHDQQpHVGH[LOHWGLQWHUQHPHQWVIRUFpV3RXU5HQp
*XpQRQ VL OH &KULVW HVW PRUW VXU OD FURL[ FHVW >@ HQ
UDLVRQ GH OD YDOHXU V\PEROLTXH TXH OD FURL[ SRVVqGH HQ HOOH
PrPH HW TXL OXL D WRXMRXUV pWp UHFRQQXH SDU WRXWHV OHV
WUDGLWLRQV HW FHVW DLQVL TXH VDQV HQ GLPLQXHU HQ ULHQ VD
VLJQLILFDWLRQ KLVWRULTXH RQ SHXW OD UHJDUGHU FRPPH QpWDQW
TXH GpULYpH GH FHWWH YDOHXU V\PEROLTXH PrPH  /H
WpPRLJQDJHGH6D\\LG0XKDPPDG,EQ0Xk] Q\FRQWUHGLW
SDVTXDQGLOUDSSHOOHDXVXMHWGHVRQ0DvWUHTXHVRQVpMRXU
maqm  HQWUH OHXUV PDLQV HQ SULVRQ HW HQ UpVLGHQFH IRUFpH
iqmah jabbriyyah  GXUD TXHOTXHV  DQQpHV HW TXHOTXHV
GXUDQW OHVTXHOOHV LOV GpSOR\qUHQW WRXV OHXUV HIIRUWV HQ IDLW GH
VWUDWDJqPHV GH UXVHV GH WURPSHULHV GLQWLPLGDWLRQ XQ MRXU
GH IDX[ HVSRLUV HW GH FUDLQWH XQ DXWUH PHQDQW XQH JXHUUH
GpSXLVHPHQW SDU OH GpSODFHPHQW GXQ OLHX j XQ DXWUH (W LO
DFFHSWD GrWUH VRXV FHWWH GRPLQDWLRQ ELHQ TXLOV QHXUHQW
DXFXQ SRXYRLU VXU OXL 7RXWH FHWWH PDFKLQDWLRQ GH OHXU SDUW
SRXUTXHVDFRQGXLWHIOpFKLVVHTXHVDYRORQWpVDIIDLEOLVVHHW
TXHVRQPRUDOVHIIRQGUH0DLVORLQGHWRXWFHOD-DPDLVGHOD
YLH LOV QHXUHQW FH TXLOV GpVLUDLHQW >%LHQ DX FRQWUDLUH@ FHOD
QHILWTXDFFURvWUHVRQD[HLQWpULHXU qant HQIRUFH salbah 
VDYRORQWpHQSXLVVDQFH quwwah VRQPRUDOHQpOpYDWLRQHW
HQVXSpULRULWp

,OQRXVIDXWUHYHQLUSOXVHQGpWDLOVXUFHWH[WUDLWFDUOD
SOXSDUW GH VHV WHUPHV UHFRXYUHQW XQH WHFKQLFLWp SURSUH DX
ODQJDJH GX 7DVDZZXI  HW VRQW j PrPH GH UpYpOHU ODVSHFW
FUXFLIRUPHGXSURFHVVXVLQLWLDWLTXH7RXWGDERUGODIRUFH
WRXWH VSLULWXHOOH GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK HVW H[SULPpH SDU OHV
GHX[WHUPHVFRPSOpPHQWDLUHV albah HW quwwahLQKpUHQWVj
ODQDWXUHPrPHGX Qub7RXWGDERUGOHWHUPH quwwahDOD
YDOHXU SRODLUH TXLHVWFHOOHGX Qub2UFHQRPEUHTXL
. Le symbolisme de la CroixS
,OHVWjORULJLQHGXUHFXHLOGHSRqPHVTXHQRXVDYRQVPHQWLRQQp alYqt wa-l-Marjn 1RWRQV TXLO HVW OXLPrPH ODXWHXU GH SRqPHV LQVSLUpV HQ
OKRQQHXU GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK FH TXL WpPRLJQH GXQH FRQQDLVVDQFH HIIHFWLYH
GX0DvWUHSXLVTXRQQHORXHTXHFHTXRQFRQQDvW
YaqtS


H[SULPH OXQLWp UpDOLVpH GDQV OHV WURLV PRQGHV HW UHQYRLH j


OD[H TXH[SULPH SUpFLVpPHQW OH WHUPH qant WHUPH GRQW
OLQLWLDOHHVWODOHWWUH qfHPEOpPDWLTXHGX qubHWTXLGpVLJQH
FRUUpODWLYHPHQW OpSLQH GRUVDOH 'DQV OH ODQJDJH FRXUDQW
sulb-ul-qnatGpVLJQHXQHVWDWXUHYLJRXUHXVHHWUHQYRLHDX[
WHUPHV qmahVWDWXUHHW qaddWDLOOH DXWDQWGHWHUPHVTXL
FRPPHQFHQW pJDOHPHQW SDU OH qf HW HQ UHODWLRQ DYHF OD
FRORQQHYHUWpEUDOH HWVHUDSSRUWHjO
LGpHGHVHUHGUHVVHUHW
GHOjUHVVXVFLWHU4XDQWDXWHUPH albahLOHVWLVVXGXQH
UDFLQHTXLGpFULWRSpUDWLYHPHQWFHSURFHVVXVVDFULILFLHOHQ
HIIHW 6LB VLJQLILHFUXFLILHU PHWWUH HQ FURL[ HW GRQQH OH
QRP salb OD FURL[ 2U VL ORQ VDLW TXH FHWWH UDFLQH 6LB
H[SULPH DXVVL OLGpH GH[WUDLUH OD PRHOOH GHV RV RQ SHXW
PLHX[ FRPSUHQGUH SRXUTXRL FHVW OHQVHLJQHPHQW GX
Symbolisme de la Croix GH 5HQp *XpQRQ TXL SHUPHWWUD
GH[WUDLUH OD PRHOOH GRFWULQDOHFDFKpHGDQVFHWpSLVRGHROH
F\FOHGpQDLUHVHUHWURXYHLQWLPHPHQWOLpjXQHPLVHHQFURL[
'DQVODQXPpUDWLRQFKLQRLVHODFURL[UHSUpVHQWHOHQRPEUH
 FKLIIUH URPDLQ ; QHVW GDLOOHXUV TXH OD FURL[ DXWUHPHQW
GLVSRVpH >@QRXVQRWHURQVHQFRUHjFHVXMHWTXHGDQVOH
QRPEUH  OHV GHX[ FKLIIUHV  HW  FRUUHVSRQGHQW DXVVL
UHVSHFWLYHPHQWjODFWLI HWDXSDVVLIUHSUpVHQWpVSDUOHFHQWUH
HW OD FLUFRQIpUHQFH VXLYDQW XQ DXWUH V\PEROLVPH TXH ORQ
SHXWGDLOOHXUVUDWWDFKHUjFHOXLGHODFURL[HQUHPDUTXDQWTXH
OHFHQWUHHVWODWUDFHGHOD[HYHUWLFDOGDQVOHSODQKRUL]RQWDO
GDQV OHTXHO GRLW DORUV rWUH VXSSRVpH OD FLUFRQIpUHQFH TXL
UHSUpVHQWHUD OH[SDQVLRQ GDQV FH PrPH SODQ SDU XQH GHV
RQGHV FRQFHQWULTXHV VXLYDQW OHVTXHOOHV HOOH VHIIHFWXH OH
FHUFOH HVW OH SRLQW FHQWUDO ILJXUH GX GpQDLUH HVW HQ PrPH
WHPSVOHV\PEROHGHODSHUIHFWLRQF\FOLTXHFHVWjGLUHGHOD
UpDOLVDWLRQ LQWpJUDOH GHV SRVVLELOLWpV LPSOLTXpHV GDQV XQ pWDW
GH[LVWHQFH  4XHOTXHV UHPDUTXHV VLPSRVHQW LFL SRXU
LOOXVWUHU SDU OD 6FLHQFH GHV /HWWUHV HW GHV 1RPEUHV OHV
FRUUHVSRQGDQFHV pYRTXpHV /H WHUPH alb TXL GpVLJQH OD
Le Symbolisme de la CroixS

 

FURL[ D SRXU YDOHXU   &HWWH YDOHXU TXL HVW SUpFLVpPHQW
FHOOH GH 0XKDPPDG  H[SUHVVLRQ LVODPLTXH GH O+RPPH
8QLYHUVHOHVWODSURMHFWLRQGXQRPEUHGDQVXQTXDWHUQDLUH
[ 6LORQWLHQWFRPSWHGXV\PEROLVPHD[LDOGXQRPEUH
 DVVLPLOp j DXWDQW GH GHJUpV GH OH[LVWHQFH XQLYHUVHOOH HW
GHVTXDWUHGLUHFWLRQVTXLIRUPHQWOHSODQGHSURMHFWLRQGHFHW
D[H DSSDUDvW OD FURL[
j  EUDQFKHV 6L OD
FURL[ HVW XQ V\PEROH
XQLYHUVHO TXL VH
UHWURXYH GDQV WRXWHV
OHV WUDGLWLRQV VHV
GLYHUVHV H[SUHVVLRQV
OH VRQW pJDOHPHQW
FRPPH HQ WpPRLJQH
FH WHUPH SULPRUGLDO
alb TXL YRLW VD
VLJQLILFDWLRQ LOOXVWUpH
SDU XQH JpRPpWULH
LQWHUQH UHSRVDQW VXU
OHVQRPEUHV

/H QRPEUH  HVW UDSSHORQVOH FHOXL GHV RV
FRQVWLWXWLIVGHODFRORQQHYHUWpEUDOHLOHVWDXVVLFHOXLGHOkJH
SHUPDQHQW GHV pOXV GX 3DUDGLV HW ELHQ VU O
kJH V\PEROLTXH
GX&KULVWORUVGHVDFUXFLIL[LRQTXLPDUTXHVRQUHWRXUDXFLHO
&HVWpJDOHPHQWOHQRPEUHP\VWpULHX[LQVFULWVXUODWRPEHGX
&KpULI  TXL UHSRVH DX FXU GX FLPHWLqUH FKUpWLHQ GH
0RQWOXoRQHQWRXUpGXQHPXOWLWXGHGHFURL[HWORQSHXWGLUH
DYHF 5HQp *XpQRQ FLWDQW OH 6NHLNK ,OOD\VK TXH  VL OHV
FKUpWLHQV RQW OH VLJQH GH OD FURL[ OHV PXVXOPDQV HQ RQW OD
GRFWULQH2QSHXWPpGLWHUDXVVLOHSURSRVGH+DOOkMOHVDLQW
$LVVDZv SDU H[FHOOHQFH TXL RIIUDLW XQH SXUH pQLJPH
QXPpULTXHjUpVRXGUHORUVTXLOSUpGLWFHVWGDQVODUHOLJLRQ
GHODFURL[ dn asalb TXHMHPRXUUDL(VWFHYUDLPHQWGH
OD UHOLJLRQ FKUpWLHQQH GRQW LO HVW TXHVWLRQ RX QHVWFH SDV
SOXW{WXQHDOOXVLRQVXEWLOHjVDUpLQWpJUDWLRQGDQVODWUDGLWLRQ
PXKDPPDGLHQQH XQLYHUVHOOH TXL HQJOREH WRXV OHV W\SHV
VSLULWXHOV SDUWLFXOLHUV" /RUVTXH QRXV DYRQV pYRTXp OD PRUW
GX&KHLNK+DPDOOkKORUVGHQRWUHYLVLWHj1LRURLOQRXVIXW
UpSRQGX j FKDTXH IRLV DYHF XQH FHUWDLQH LQVLVWDQFH OH YHUVHW
VXUODFUXFLIL[LRQGH6H\\LGXQk$LVV ,OVQHORQWSDVWXpLOV
QHORQWSDVFUXFLILpPDLVRQOHXUHQDGRQQpODSSDUHQFH 
 l b 


2QFRPSUHQGGHFHYHUVHWTXHFHVWOD HuwiyyahO,SVpLWp
GLYLQH TXL QD SX rWUH QL WXpH QL FUXFLILpH SXLVTXH FHVW (OOH
TXL VXEVLVWH LPSpULVVDEOH DX FHQWUH PrPH GH OD FURL[ /D
YDOHXUQXPpULTXHGpYHORSSpHGXWHUPHal-malbOHPLVHQ
FURL[HVWGHTXLQHVWDXWUHTXHODYDOHXUQXPpULTXHGH
Muhammad Raslullh TXL WpPRLJQH GX SURFHVVXV
GXQLYHUVDOLVDWLRQRSpUpHSDUOHV\PEROLVPHGHOD&URL[1RXV
UHSURGXLVRQV j WLWUH GLOOXVWUDWLRQ GH OD GRFWULQH DYDQFpH LFL
XQHUHSURGXFWLRQSDUWLHOOHGXQHFDOOLJUDSKLHILJXUDQWGDQVXQ
WUDLWpVRXILOHKitb al-Jism wa-r-Rh Le Livre du Corps et de
lEsprit  H[SRVp DX PXVpH GHV DUWV LVODPLTXHV G,VWDQEXO OH
QRP GX 3URSKqWH U IRUPH XQH FURL[ ELHQ YLVLEOH DYHF OH
1RPGLYLQHuwaTXLWUDYHUVHOHGHX[LqPHmmGXQRPGRQW
OH UHGRXEOHPHQW WURXYH XQH IRUPH RULJLQDOH j WUDYHUV VRQ
GpGRXEOHPHQWjOpFULWHQODFLUFRQVWDQFH$F{WpHVWLQVFULWOH
QRPEUH  TXL HVW OD YDOHXU GX mm GpYHORSSp TXL ODLVVH
DSSDUDvWUHOH yGHYDOHXU HQVRQFXU2QYRLWGRQFTXH
OH Huwa GH YDOHXU  pJDOHPHQW SUHQG OD SODFH
QXPpULTXHPHQWSRXUDLQVLGLUHGX yLQWHUQHDXqPH mm
TXLSHXWGDLOOHXUVGpVLJQHUOHEDVVLQGXFRUSVSURSKpWLTXH
















Coran
DOLIOkPPvPDGOkPZkZEk 
 
 
















/DWRPEHGX&KpULI+DPDOODKDXFLPHWLqUHGHOHVWj0RQWOXoRQ6XUOD
SODTXH IXQpUDLUH XQ PRWLI IORUDO GH WURLV URVHV VFXOSWpHV $X VHLQ GX
FURLVVDQWOXQDLUHOHVFKpPDGLWGHQDWLYLWpGX3URSKqWH0XKDPPDG
TXHQRXVUHSURGXLVRQV








"$   "23   


RPPH QRXV ODYRQV GLW SUpFpGHPPHQW OH &KHLNK
+DPDOOkK QD SDV ODLVVp GXYUH pFULWH DX VHQV KDELWXHO
R RQ OHQWHQG 7RXWHIRLV PLV j SDUW OH GRFXPHQW
JpQpDORJLTXHTXLODODLVVpHWGRQWRQDSXDSSUpFLHUOHVULFKHV
LPSOLFDWLRQV GRFWULQDOHV QRXV UDSSHOOHURQV TXLO ILW pFULUH OH
VHSWHPEUHXQHOHWWUHj0(PHULWFKDUJpGHVDIIDLUHV
PXVXOPDQHV DILQ GH VH GLVFXOSHU GHV DFFXVDWLRQV SRUWpHV
FRQWUHOXLVXLWHjODIIDLUH1LRUR$VVDED&HWWHOHWWUHpFULWH
HQ DUDEH IXW DFFRPSDJQpH GXQH WUDGXFWLRQHQIUDQoDLV2U
GDQV OD YHUVLRQ IUDQoDLVH VH WURXYH XQH SUpFLVLRQ
GLPSRUWDQFH TXL QH ILJXUH SDV GDQV OH WH[WH DUDEH HW TXLO D
SXDMRXWHURUDOHPHQWDXWUDGXFWHXU'DQVODGHUQLqUHSKUDVH
OH 0DvWUH VWLSXOH Je nai jamais crit de lettre, cest ma
premire et dernire lettre VRXVHQWHQGX HQYR\pH DX[
DXWRULWpV FRORQLDOHV  eWDQW GRQQp OH FDUDFWqUH XQLTXH GH
FHWWH OHWWUH GDQV OH FDGUH GH VHV UHODWLRQV DYHF OH SRXYRLU
WHPSRUHO LO FRQYLHQW GLQVLVWHU XQH IRLV GH SOXV VXU
OLPSRUWDQFHGHODFRUUHVSRQGDQFHGHV0DvWUHV  FRPPHXQH
VRXUFHSULYLOpJLpHGHQVHLJQHPHQW

&H TXL QRXV LQWpUHVVHUD SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW GDQV FHWWH
FRXUWH pSvWUH FHVW OD GpFODUDWLRQ GHPEOpH GXQ WLWUH
LQLWLDWLTXHGX&KHLNKTXLSRXUUDjMXVWHWLWUHrWUHFRQVLGpUp
FRPPHPDMHXUDLQVLTXHVDFRQFOXVLRQ0RL+DPDOOkKEHQ
0XKDPPDG EHQ 6H\\LGQk 8PDU tmoin dAllh sur Sa terre
Shhid Allh f Arihi >@HW$OOkKHVW7pPRLQ Shahd VXU
FHTXHQRXVGLVRQV7RXWGDERUGQRXVSUpFLVRQVLFLTXHOD
WUDGXFWLRQ GRQQpH GH FH SDVVDJH WpPRLQ GH 'LHX VXU
WHUUH VDQV rWUH LQH[DFWH QH UHQG SDV FRPSWH GH OD

&

 /RQ VDLW TXH VHV DGYHUVDLUHV HQYR\DLHQW GHV OHWWUHV GLQMXUHV DX[
DXWRULWpVFRORQLDOHVTXLOVVLJQDLHQWGX1RPGH6KpULI+DPDOOkK
&RQFHUQDQWFHVXMHWGLPSRUWDQFHQRXVUHQYR\RQVDX[FRQVLGpUDWLRQV
GHOD5pGDFWLRQGHScience sacreGDQVOHVQRVSS
&HVWODWUDGXFWLRQGRQQpHSDU$OLRXQH7UDRUp op.cit(WDXVVL5DFLQH
 

WHFKQLFLWp GHV WHUPHV HPSOR\pV TXL LQGLTXH VXEWLOHPHQW OH


SODQ GX WpPRLJQDJH HQYLVDJp (Q HIIHW VXU WHUUH RX SOXV
OLWWpUDOHPHQW GDQV 6D WHUUH f arihi  SHXW DXVVL ELHQ
VLJQLILHUOD7HUUHGLFLEDVTXH6D7HUUHFHVWjGLUHOD7HUUH
GLYLQHDSSHOpHSDUOHV0DvWUHVOD7HUUHGHOD9pULWpHVVHQWLHOOH
Ar al-paqqah   0DLV FH TXL QRXV LQWpUHVVH LFL
SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWFHVRQWOHVGHX[WHUPHV ShhidHWShahdTXL
UHVSHFWLYHPHQWRXYUHHWVFHOOHODOHWWUHHWUpIqUHQWjXQGRXEOH
WpPRLJQDJH UpFLSURTXH FHOXL G$OOkK HW GH VRQ &DOLIH
0DLQWHQDQW LO FRQYLHQW GH SUpFLVHU TXH OH VHFRQG WHUPH
Shahd D XQ GRXEOH VHQV DFWLISDVVLI HW GpVLJQH DORUV
VLPXOWDQpPHQW OH FRQWHPSODQWFRQWHPSOp UHQGX SDU OHV
GHX[ WHUPHV Shhid-Mashhd FRXSOH GRQW OD YDOHXU 
UHQYRLH XQH IRLV GH SOXV j O$JQHDX DSRFDO\SWLTXH HW TXL HVW
FRUDQLTXHPHQW XQ VHUPHQW GLYLQ 3DU XQ &RQWHPSODQW HW
XQFRQWHPSOp 


2QQHVHUDGRQFSDVpWRQQpTXH ShahdDLWpJDOHPHQWOHVHQV
GH PDUW\U WHUPH OXLPrPH UHOLp pW\PRORJLTXHPHQW DX
WpPRLJQDJHHWGRLWrWUHDLQVLFRPSULVFRPPHXQHDOOXVLRQ
DX VDFULILFH GLYLQ HW j OD PRUW LQLWLDWLTXH RX H[WLQFWLRQ TXL
PqQH j OD YLH UpHOOH HW pWHUQHOOH TXH[SULPH OD FRQWHPSODWLRQ
GLUHFWHHWSHUPDQHQWHG$OOkK al-fan fi-l-mushhadah 

&HVW GDQV FHWWH SHUVSHFWLYH TXH QRXV FLWHURQV OD
OpJHQGHVLQJXOLqUHTXLHQWRXUHOH&KpULI +DPDOOkKODTXHOOHD
SX rWUH YXH SDU FHUWDLQV FKHUFKHXUV FRPPH OH IUXLW GH OD
QDwYHWpGHODSDUWGHIHUYHQWVGLVFLSOHVDWWDFKpVjOHXUPDvWUH
HWTXLPpULWHXQHDWWHQWLRQWRXWHSDUWLFXOLqUH(QHIIHWDXVHLQ
PrPHGHORUGUHFLUFXOHXQHP\VWpULHXVHFUR\DQFHTXLSUHQG
YDOHXU GH credo LQGLVFXWDEOH SRXYDQW PrPH DOOHU MXVTXj
OH[FOXVLRQ GH FHX[ TXL QH OD UHFRQQDvWUDLHQW SDV HW TXH


  

6\ GLVFLSOH GX &KHLNK j TXL ORQ GRLW OD WUDGXFWLRQ GH OD OHWWUH HQYR\pH DX[
DXWRULWpVFRORQLDOHV
'HPrPHTXHODSUpSRVLWLRQ fGDQVDPqQH,EQ$UDEvjLQWHUSUpWHUOD
WHUUHFRPPHOHFRUSVDGDPLTXHjSURSRVGXYHUVHWGX&DOLIDWG$GDP
Coran
'XJUHFmarturWpPRLQ GH'LHX 


UDSSRUWH 0RQVLHXU 7UDRUp  $XMRXUGKXL HQFRUH GDQV


FHUWDLQHV UpJLRQV GX 0DOLGX6pQpJDOGHOD&{WHG,YRLUHHW
VXUWRXW GH OD 0DXULWDQLH GH QRPEUHX[ PXVXOPDQV SHQVHQW
que le Cheikh Hamallh est toujours vivant 3HUVRQQH QH
UpXVVLUDjOHXUIDLUHDFFHSWHUOHFRQWUDLUHTXHOVTXHVRLHQWOHV
GRFXPHQWVHWOHVSUHXYHVTXRQOHXUSUpVHQWHUD,OVDIILUPHQW
TXLODYDLWSUpGLWGqVQRQVHXOHPHQWVRQH[LOHQ)UDQFH
PDLV DXVVL HW VXUWRXW VRQ UHWRXU HQ $IULTXH  3RXU
FHUWDLQVOH&KHLNKQpHQQHVWSDVPRUWLOHVWTXHOTXH
SDUW LOV DWWHQGHQW VRQ UHWRXU WULRPSKDO  /RUV GH VRQ
UHWRXU j 1LRUR VXLWH j VD SUHPLqUH GpSRUWDWLRQ OH &KHLNK
GpFODUD j VHV GLVFLSOHV TXH OH UHWRXU j 1LRUR QHVW TXXQH
pWDSHGXYR\DJHTXLOHIIHFWXHUDVHXOORLQGHVDIDPLOOHHWGH
VHV WDOLEpV HQ DMRXWDQW MDPDLV DX JUDQG MDPDLV OD ILQ GX
PRQGH QH VXUYLHQGUD VDQV TXH OD YpULWp pFODWH FHVW DX
QRP GH FHWWH SUpGLFWLRQ TXH GH QRPEUHX[ KDPDOOLVWHV
DWWHQGHQW OH UHWRXU GH OHXU PDvWUH SRXU IDLUH WULRPSKHU OD
YpULWp  6D VXFFHVVLRQ VSLULWXHOOH QH IXW SDV UpJOpH QL
UpFODPpH GDLOOHXUV FDU VHV SOXV IHUYHQWV ILGqOHV VRQW HQFRUH
GDQV ODWWHQWH GX PDvWUH YpQpUp >@ 3DU DLOOHXUV 6KD\NK
+DPDOOkKGDQVOHVSULWGHVHVFRQWHPSRUDLQVKDPDOOLVWHVQH
IDLWTXHQWUHSUHQGUHXQYR\DJHIRUFpPDLVLOVHUDGHUHWRXU
SRXU GLULJHU VD =kZL\D  (W HQILQ SRXU FRQFOXUH FHV
FLWDWLRQV QRXV FLWHURQV OD GHUQLqUH SKUDVH GH ORXYUDJH GH
PRQVLHXU 'LFNR 7RXV DWWHQGHQW OHV VLJQHV DYDQWFRXUHXUV
GXUHWRXUGX0DvWUHYpQpUp
$7UDRUpOp. citS
,ELGS
 6HwGLQD 2XPDU 'LFNR op.cit S 6 'LFNR UDSSRUWH TX$Ov EHQ
0XKDPPDG0DOLNXQGHVSURFKHVGLVFLSOHVGX&KHLNKOXLDFRQILpjrWUHGDQV
ODWWHQWH GH &KHLNK +DPDOOkK HQ IDLW FRPPH EHDXFRXS GH ILGqOHV LO UpIXWH
OK\SRWKqVH GH VD PRUW PDLV FUpGLWH FHOOH GH VD GLVSDULWLRQ  S QRWH ,EQ
0Xk]VH[SULPHGHODPrPHPDQLqUHTXDQGRFFXOWDQWODPRUWGX0DvWUHLOGLW
GHSXLVVDQDLVVDQFHMXVTXjFHTXLOVDEVHQWHDX[UHJDUGVDORUVTXLOpWDLWkJp
GHVRL[DQWHDQVAl-Yqt wa-l-MarjnS
IbidS
. IbidS
 


(Q ODEVHQFH GX 0DvWUH SXLV VXUWRXW ORUV GH VD
GLVSDULWLRQRXSRXUDSSHOHUXQHEpQpGLFWLRQSDUWLFXOLqUHVXU
OXL RQ FRQMXJXD DORUV VRQ QRP HQ DMRXWDQW OD OHWWUH h
SURQRPSHUVRQQHOGHODqPHSHUVRQQHDXFHQWUHGHVRQQRP
TXL GHYLQW DLQVL pamhu-Llh IRUPXOH GH VRXKDLW GDQV
XQH WUDGXFWLRQ FRXUDQWH TXL VHUDLW UHQGXH SDU TX$OOkK OH
SURWqJH PDLV TXL YHXW DYDQW WRXW GLUH SRXU OLQLWLp $OOkK
O
D GRUHV HW GpMj SURWpJp   FRQIRUPpPHQW DYHF OH QRP
RULJLQHO GX &KHLNK TXL VLJQLILH SURSUHPHQW OD 3URWHFWLRQ
G$OOkK pam Allh &HWWH LGHQWLWp SUHPLqUH UHQYRLH HQ
UpDOLWp j XQ GHV DWWULEXWV IRQGDPHQWDX[ GX &HQWUH VXSUrPH
UpLQWpJUp SDU OH &KHLNK TXL HVW OH OLHX SURWpJp SDU
H[FHOOHQFH ,O FRQYLHQW GH UHYHQLU VXU OD QDWXUH H[DFWH GH FH
TXLHVWSURWpJpFDUGDQVFHWRUGUHGLGpHLOQHIDXWSDVSHUGUH
GH YXH TXH OH &KHLNK IXW GRQF XQ Shahd HW FRQQXW OH
VDFULILFH GH QDWXUH LQGLYLGXHOOH SRXU TXH VRLW VXEOLPpH OD
JORLUH GH VD QDWXUH FpOHVWH HW LPPRUWHOOH /D OHWWUH Y GRQW
RQDYXODIRQFWLRQFHQWUDOHDXFHQWUHGHVRQQRPVLGHQWLILH
SURSUHPHQW DX 3ULQFLSH YLWDO OXLPrPH TXL VHXO MRXLW
YUDLPHQW GH OD pim SURWHFWLRQ  G$OOkK $LQVL DSSDUDvW
OLQWLPH UHODWLRQ TXL XQLW OH 0DvWUH DX SURSKqWH <DK\ OH
YLYDQW SDU H[FHOOHQFH GRQW OH Y HVW OD OHWWUH
HPEOpPDWLTXH9RLFLFHTXHUDSSRUWHjVRQVXMHWOH&KHLNK
DO$NEDU $OOkK D GRQQp XQ SRXYRLU DEVROX j ORSSUHVVHXU
al-jabbr  HWDGYHUVDLUHGH<DK\&HOXLFLODGRQFWXpHW
$OOkKQHODSDVSURWpJp m am-hu Llh FRQWUHOXLHWQHOD
SDVVHFRXUX>@,ODYRXOXOHSUpVHUYHUYLYDQWDORUV,OODWXp
HQPDUW\U Shahd HWDDLQVLSUpVHUYpVDYLH abq haytahu 
$ORUVQHVWSDVPRUWFHOXLTXLHVWWXpSDUOHVHQQHPLVG$OOkK
VXU6RQFKHPLQ,ODDORUVUDVVHPEOpSRXUHX[ODYLHGLFLEDV
HW ODXWUH  (W QH GLWHV SDV GH FHX[ TXL RQW pWp WXpV VXU OH
FKHPLQ G$OOkK TXLOV VRQW PRUWV PDLV SOXW{W >GLWHV@ TXLOV
 ,O HVW UDSSRUWp TXH OH3URSKqWH Yahy WLUHVRQQRPGX yGH Y Sn
OH3URSKqWHU 
. /HQRP al-JabbrHVWVRXOLJQRQV-OHXQ1RPGLYLQ$LQVLOHFRQWH[WHSHXW
VXJJpUHU TXH FHVW $OOkK /XLPrPH TXL RSSUHVVH HW WXH <DK\D SRXU VRQ baq
WHUPHWHFKQLTXHGHOpVRWpULVPHTXLGpVLJQHODSHUPDQHQFHHQ$OOkK


VRQW YLYDQWV PDLV TXH YRXV QHQ DYH] SDV FRQVFLHQFH   
&HVWDYHFOHXUIRLWRWDOHGDQVOH/LYUHGX&RUDQTXHVXLYDQW
FHWWH LQMRQFWLRQ GLYLQH OHV GLVFLSOHV FODPHQW HQFRUH
DXMRXUGKXL DYHF ]qOH HW IHUYHXU OD 9LH pWHUQHOOH GX 0DvWUH
GLVSDUX



&HFLpWDQWGLWUHYHQRQVjODSDUWLFXODULWpRQRPDVWLTXH
pYRTXpHTXHORQWURXYHDWWHVWpHHQFRQWH[WHVpPLWLTXHGDQV
XQ FDV SURSKpWLTXH FRPPH $EUDP GHYHQX $EUDKDP HW VRQ
pSRXVH VDUD\ GHYHQXH 6DUDK GRLW j OHXU H[HPSOH SRXYRLU
VH[SOLTXHUGHPDQLqUHWHFKQLTXHDXPR\HQGHOD6FLHQFHGHV
OHWWUHV HW GHV QRPEUHV OH +D HVW SRXU <DKYp + VLJQH GH
ODOOLDQFHHQWUH$EUDKDPHW<DKYp (QHIIHWOHSURQRPhuwa
TXLSUHQGODIRUPHVLPSOLILpHhuTXDQGLOHVWVXIIL[HVDSSHOOH
HQDUDEH amr al-ghibTXHORQWUDGXLWKDELWXHOOHPHQWSDU
OH SURQRP GH ODEVHQW HW TXL UHSUpVHQWH DYDQW WRXW VXU OH
SODQ PpWDSK\VLTXH OH 1RP GLYLQ Huwa /XL 2U GDQV OD
SHUVSHFWLYHGXFDVVSLULWXHOGX&KHLNKFHOXLTXLHVWDEVHQW
FDFKp RX LQYLVLEOH FHVW ELHQ OH PDvWUH GLVSDUX HQ
DSSDUHQFH DX[ UHJDUGV GH VHV GLVFLSOHV HW TXL HVW UHWRXUQp
GDQV OD Huwiyyah ,SVpLWp V\PEROH GH OD 1RQPDQLIHVWDWLRQ
GLYLQH DXFXUGHVRQrWUHTXHORQUHWURXYHGDLOOHXUVVRXV
OD IRUPH KLpURJO\SKLTXH GX FHUFOH  SUpVHQW DX FHQWUH GH
VRQ QRP ,O HVW GDLOOHXUV VLJQLILFDWLI  TXH OH amr OH
SURQRP DLW pJDOHPHQW OH VHQV G HVSULW HW GH FXU HW
GpVLJQHDXVVLFHTXLHVWFDFKpGROLGpHPrPHGHSHQVpH
LQWLPHHWFDFKpHDXIRQGGXFXUHWGHFRQVFLHQFH$LQVL
SDU ODMRXW GX  RX amr al-ghib VDSSDUHQWH j XQH
WHFKQLTXHLQYRFDWRLUHjYHUWXRSpUDWLYHVXVFHSWLEOHGHGRQQHU
DX GLVFLSOH OD YpULWDEOH FRQVFLHQFH GH O$EVHQW TXH ORQ
FRQVLGqUH FRPPH O,SVpLWp RX OH 0DvWUH VSLULWXHO HQ
SUpVHQFH DX FHQWUH GH 6RL 6L ORQ SHXW j MXVWH WLWUH
VpWRQQHU GXQH WHOOH LQWHUYHQWLRQ GDQV OH QRP PrPH GX
PDvWUH SDU OH MHX GHV OHWWUHV QRXV UDSSHOOHURQV TXH FHOOHVFL
VRQW GH YpULWDEOHV HQWLWpV VSLULWXHOOHV DJLVVDQWHV HW DLQVL
FutFKDSYROS
 

UpYpODWULFHVGDVSHFWVGRFWULQDX[QRXYHDX[TXLVHIL[HQWDLQVL
GDQV OD VWUXFWXUH OLWWpUDOH GX QRP OD SUHPLqUH VRXUFH
GHQVHLJQHPHQW 1RXV GRQQRQV XQ H[WUDLW GXQ SRqPH GH
0XKDPPDG DV6kOLN  GLVFLSOH GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK TXL
WpPRLJQHGHOHIIHFWLYLWpGHODGRFWULQHDYDQFpHLFL

Hamallh nest pas cach celui qui est dou de vue
intrieure,
Il est [] la Lettre et lEsprit, Il est lIntrieur, le Secret, la
Conscience cache (a-amr al-mughayyab)




&HVWGDQVFHWWHSHUVSHFWLYHTXHORQGRLWFRQVLGpUHUOH
SDVVDJH GX Y DX H GDQV XQ GRXEOH PRXYHPHQW
FRPSHQVDWRLUH GRFFXOWDWLRQ HW GDSSDULWLRQ FRUUHVSRQGDQW
DX[ GHX[ SKDVHV GH VRQ SDUFRXUV VSLULWXHO PDUTXpHV SDU VD
SUpVHQFH SXLV VD GLVSDULWLRQ 2Q FRPSUHQG DORUV TXH FHV
OHWWUHV QH VRQW TXH OHV GHX[ PRGDOLWpV GXQH PrPH UpDOLWp
YLYDQWH GDQV OHV GHX[ SKDVHV FRQVWLWXWLYHV GH OD FDUULqUH GX
0DvWUH

0DLQWHQDQWOHFKDQJHPHQWLQWHUYHQXGDQVODIRUPHGH
VRQ QRP GRLW pJDOHPHQW HQWUDvQHU XQH PRGLILFDWLRQ
UHPDUTXDEOHGDQVORUGUHQXPpULTXHTXLGRLWrWUHUpYpODWULFH
GHODIRQFWLRQFHQWUDOHHWVSLULWXHOOHTXLVDIILUPHDYHFOD
OHWWUHHGRQWRQVDLWTXHOOHHVWOHPEOqPHPrPHGXVRXIIOH
GDQV VRQ pWDW GLQGLIIpUHQFLDWLRQ SDU XQH SUpVHQFH QRQ
DJLVVDQWH3DUOHVXUFURvWGH*UkFHRFWUR\pSDUFHWWHIRUPXOH
GH EpQpGLFWLRQ OD YDOHXU QXPpULTXH GH VRQ QRP VHORQ OH
FRPSXW WRWDO HVW DORUV GH   TXL HVW XQH GHV YDOHXUV
0XKDPPDGDO6kOLNLEQDO7kOLEDO$ZMDIvYaqtS
mahalllah  6XUOD
SUpVHQFHGHVlmVFIQRWH


IRQGDPHQWDOHV G$LVV  OH QRP FRUDQLTXH GH -pVXV &HFL


YLHQWFRQILUPHUVLEHVRLQpWDLWTXHODGLVSDULWLRQGX0DvWUH
V\PEROLVpH SDU VRQ LQWHUQHPHQW HW VRQ H[LO IRUFp UpYqOH DX
JUDQG MRXU VD SULVH GH SDUXUH DLVVDZvH HW OD IRQFWLRQ
FRUUHVSRQGDQWH

(QILQ QRXV FLWHURQV LFL XQH UpIOH[LRQ GH &RQVWDQW
+DPqV TXL ELHQ TXH SRVpH GDQV XQH SHUVSHFWLYH WRXWH
GLIIpUHQWH GH OD Q{WUH WRXFKH ILQDOHPHQW GH WUqV SUqV OH
SURFHVVXV LQLWLDWLTXH GpFULW /D 7LMkQL\\DK +DPDOOL\\D
UHVVHPEOH ILQDOHPHQW j XQ FRUSV GpVDUWLFXOp VDQV WrWH
RUJDQLVDWULFH 1pDQPRLQV JUkFH j HOOH XQH FRQVFLHQFH
FRPPXQHDFRPPHQFpjQDvWUH




















 aysalif maqsrah   a     &RPPH SRXU OH
QRP <DK\ OH QRP FRUDQLTXH GH -pVXV FRPSRUWH XQ alif VXVFULW TXL GLVSDUDvW
GDQVOpFULWXUHFRXUDQWH
Les voies dAllhS
 

4#  %

QQRXVDYRQVHXOHSULYLOqJHGHYLVLWHUODWRPEHGH
7LHUQR %RNDU j %DQGLDJDUD R QRXV IPHV WUqV WRXFKp
GH UHQFRQWUHU %D\GL 'LD XQ YpQpUDEOH YLHLOODUG TXL IXW OXQ
GH VHV SHWLWV pOqYHV GH &RUDQ HW FHVW VRQ ILOV TXL QRXV
FRQGXLVLWVXUODWRPEHEpQLHGHFHOXLTXHQRXVUHFRQQDLVVRQV
YpULWDEOHPHQW FRPPH XQ YHUEH GH 'LHX 1RXV HPHV
pJDOHPHQWODFKDQFHGHYLVLWHUVDQREOHGHPHXUHRLOUHVWDLW
TXHOTXHVYHVWLJHVGHVDELEOLRWKqTXHDLQVLTXHVDkhalwahVRQ
OLHX GH UHWUDLWH VSLULWXHOOH /RUVTXH QRWUH K{WH QRXV UDSSHOD
TXHOHPRW bandiagaraVLJQLILDLWXQHJUDQGHpFXHOOH FjG
OH JUDQG SODW HQ FRPPXQ  QRXV pWLRQV GpMj SOHLQHPHQW
FRQYDLQFXVGHODJUkFHGLYLQHDWWDFKpHjFHOLHXEpQLHWQRXV
UHPHUFLkPHV$OODKGDYRLUSXJRWHUHQFHWHQGURLWQHVHUDLW
FH TXXQH ERXFKpH GH OD SDUROH GH FHW KRPPH GH 'LHX TXL
DSSHODLWWRXVOHVKRPPHVj'LHXHWHQVHLJQDLWGDQVFHWWH
SHUVSHFWLYH TXXQH VHXOH FKRVH FRPSWH SDUGHVVXV WRXWHVOHV
DXWUHV WpPRLJQHU GH OD 5pDOLWp GH 'LHX Wujd  HW VRQ
8QLFLWp Tawd 
&HWWH XQLFLWp TXH OH 0DvWUH GH 3DUROH GHYDLW FODPHU
VLOHQFLHXVHPHQW DX GHUQLHU MRXU GH VD YLH DX VHLQ GH VD
FRQFHVVLRQ HQWHUUHHQFHWWHORLQWDLQHFLWpDX[SRUWHVGXSD\V
'RJRQ QRXV SHUPHW GH SUHQGUH OD PHVXUH GH VRQ FDUDFWqUH
XQLYHUVHO 1RXV SUHQGURQV GRQF DX VHQV IRUW OLQGLFDWLRQ
GRQQpH SDU VRQ SURSUH 7LHUQR OH 6KpULI  +DPDOOkK ORUV GH
OHXULOOXVWUHUHQFRQWUH&HWKRPPHHVWune maison remplie de
secrets.$XMRXUGKXLMHOXLGRQQHUDLODFOpSRXUTXLOSXLVVHOHV
PHWWUHDXMRXU&HWWHSDUROHELHQFRPSULVHQRXVLQYLWHjOH
FRQVLGpUHUFRPPHXQHH[SUHVVLRQGX7HPSOHSURWRW\SLTXHSDU
H[FHOOHQFH GRQW OHV VHFUHWV WKpVDXULVpV RQW FRPPHQFp j rWUH
PLVDXMRXU/DTXHVWLRQGHODVWUXFWXUHGXLogosQRXVDPqQHj
FLWHU XQ GHUQLHU WpPRLJQDJH G+DPSkWp %k   3RXU 7LHUQR
%RNDUODSXLVVDQFHGX9HUEHGLYLQFUpDWHXUFRPPHGDLOOHXUV
GH WRXWH SDUROH SURIpUpH  pWDLW OLpH DX[ YLEUDWLRQV 'DQV
OXQLYHUV QRXV HQVHLJQDLWLO HW j WRXV OHV QLYHDX[ WRXW HVW
YLEUDWLRQ 6HXOHV OHV GLIIpUHQFHV GH FHV YLEUDWLRQV QRXV
HPSrFKHQW GH SHUFHYRLU OHV UpDOLWpV TXH QRXV DSSHORQV


LQYLVLEOHV (W LO QRXV GRQQDLW OH[HPSOH GH OKpOLFH GXQ DYLRQ
TXL j SDUWLU GXQH FHUWDLQH YLWHVVH GH URWDWLRQ GHYLHQW
LQYLVLEOHMais ds lors que la Parole cratrice est crite, son
mystre peut tre approch travers la science traditionnelle
des lettres et des nombres. Les perspectives que nous ouvraient
ses explications en ce domaine nous permettaient de pressentir,
dentrevoir parfois, comme un immense difice, dune
cohrence stupfiante, o des principes primordiaux soustendaient lensemble du monde vivant et se trouvaient luvre
au sein mme de ralits apparemment anodines


6RXKDLWDQWPDUFKHUVXUOHVWUDFHVGHFHWHQVHLJQHPHQW
QRXVIvPHVHQVXLWHOHYR\DJHMXVTXj1LRURGX6DKHORXQRXV
UHQFRQWUkPHV OH GHUQLHU ILOV GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK
0RXKDPPDGRXRXOG&KHLNKQD$XFRXUVGHVHQWUHWLHQVDYHF
OXQ GHV GLVFLSOHV SUpVHQW FHOXLFL pFULYLW VXU XQH SDJH GH
JDUGH GH QRWUH UHFXHLO GH SRqPHV KDPDZvV WURLV PRWV HQ
pTXLYDOHQFH QXPpULTXH  $KPDG  Hamhu-Llh  am
UHSDV  Fam ERXFKH DYHFODYDOHXULQVFULWHDXGHVVRXV
TXHQRXVUHSURGXLVRQVLFL






&HVW SOXV WDUG ORUVTXH QRXV DMRXWkPHV ODUWLFOH
GpWHUPLQDQWalDX[GHX[QRPVHWOalif-lm VXSSOpPHQWDLUHV
GDQV OH 1RP GH 0DMHVWp TXH VH UpYpOD OD YDOHXU QXPpULTXH
G $LVV X VRLW  TXH QRXV DYRQV pYRTXpH &H GLVFLSOH
FRQVFLHQWGHVUpDOLWpVYLEUDWRLUHVSULQFLSDOHVYpKLFXOpHVSDUOH
QRPGX0DvWUHDUDSSURFKpFHOXLFLHQWDQWTXH[SUHVVLRQGX
9HUEH GX PRW al-am OD QRXUULWXUH RX OH UHSDV HQ
 /RUV GH VRQ YR\DJH j 1LRUR 7LHUQR %RNDU GpFRXYULW j %DPDNR OHV
DYDQFpHVPRGHUQHVGHVRQSD\V6DQVMDPDLVFDXWLRQQHUOHPRQGHPRGHUQHLO
LQWpJUD WRXWHIRLV GDQV VRQ HQVHLJQHPHQW FHUWDLQHV LPDJHV IRUWHV TXL ODYDLHQW
PDUTXpHQUDLVRQGHOHXUSRXYRLUV\PEROLTXHpYLGHQW
IbidS
.   a  m   f m  
 m  a  h  a  l  l h     
 

VRXYHQLUGHVUHSDVSURGLJLHX[TXLpWDLHQWGRQQpVFKDTXHMRXU
GDQV OD =kZL\D GH 1LRUR SUHQDQW YDOHXU GXQ YpULWDEOH ULWH
FRPPXQDXWDLUH GH UDVVHPEOHPHQW GRQW OH FDUDFWqUH
H[FHSWLRQQHO PDUTXD SURIRQGpPHQW OHV HVSULWV 1RXV DOORQV
YRLU TXH FH UDSSURFKHPHQW ORLQ GrWUH IRUWXLW WURXYH VD
VRXUFH GDQV OH &RUDQ HW OD 6XQQDK HW WURXYH QDWXUHOOHPHQW
VRQH[SOLFDWLRQGRFWULQDOHGDQVOHQVHLJQHPHQWGX&KHLNKDO
$NEDU'DQVOHFKDSLWUHTXLFRUUHVSRQGjODVRXUDWH alAlaqGDQVORUGUHGHVmanzilOH&KHLNKDO$NEDUFRPPHQWH
DLQVL OH SUHPLHU WHUPH GH OLPSpUDWLI  Iqra TXL RXYUH OD
VRXUDWH HW H[SULPH ORUGUH GLYLQ 5DVVHPEOH OD SUHPLqUH
FKRVH TX$OOkK D RUGRQQpH j VRQ 6HUYLWHXU HVW OH
UDVVHPEOHPHQW DO-jam  TXL QHVW DXWUH TXH OD FRQYHQDQFH
VSLULWXHOOH al-adab  TXL GpULYH pW\PRORJLTXHPHQW GX PRW
madabah  OH IHVWLQ TXL HVW OH UDVVHPEOHPHQW DXWRXU GX
UHSDV a-aam  /D UHODWLRQ HQWUH OH IHVWLQ HW OH &RUDQ VH
WURXYHGqVORUVELHQpWDEOLHHWFHUWDLQVH[pJqVHVIRQWGDLOOHXUV
GpULYHUOHPRW Qurn GH qirOHUHSDVTXHORQRIIUHjVRQ
K{WH 1H GRLWRQ SDV YRLU GDQV OHV UHSDVDXWRXUGX&KHLNK
+DPDOOkK XQH SURMHFWLRQ VXU OH SODQ VHQVLEOH GH OD YHUWX
LQLWLDWLTXH IRQGDPHQWDOH GH OD FRQFHQWUDWLRQ LQWpULHXUH GX
0DvWUHGRQWSURFqGHODGHVFHQWHGX&RUDQHQOXL"/HKDGvWK
 /H &RUDQ HVW OH IHVWLQ G$OOkK SUHQH] HQ VFLHQFH GH FH
IHVWLQFHTXHYRXVSRXYH] WURXYHXQpFKRWRXWSDUWLFXOLHU
GDQVOHVUpFLWVGHODIrWHjODTXHOOHGRQQDLWOLHXFKDTXHMRXUOH
UHSDVFRPPXQDXWDLUH

7RXV OHV MRXUV PDWLQ HW VRLU XQH WUHQWDLQH GH
PRXWRQV pWDLHQW pJRUJpV GDQV OD FRQFHVVLRQ GH &KpULI 
+DPDOOkK /D UDWLRQ MRXUQDOLqUH VpYDOXDLW HQ VDFV GH FHQW
NLORJUDPPHVGHPLO/HVPDLVRQVHWOHXUVDOHQWRXUVpWDLHQWXQ
YpULWDEOHUpIHFWRLUHSXEOLFRVHF{WR\DLHQWDXPRLQVVL[FHQWV
SHUVRQQHV $ OKHXUH GHV UHSDV TXL pWDLHQW VHUYLV GDQV OD
]kZL\D RX OHV FRXUV GHV PDLVRQV RQ IDLVDLW ODSSHO DX UHSDV
FRPPH SRXU OD SULqUH 'UHVVpV j OD PDQLqUH GX PXH]]LQ OD
ERXFKH RXYHUWH YHUVOHFLHOGHVKRPPHVMXFKpVVXUOHVWRLWV
GHVPDLVRQVLQYLWDLHQWWRXVOHVrWUHVKXPDLQVjYHQLUPDQJHU
2XmadubahVHORQXQHDXWUHSRVVLELOLWpGHYRFDOLVDWLRQ
5DSSRUWpSDUDO%D]]kUGDSUqV,EQ0DVG


$YDQW TXH FHV KRPPHV QH GHVFHQGHQW GHV WRLWV XQH PDUpH
KXPDLQH DYDLW GpMj HQYDKL OHV OLHX[ 'HV PDXUHV GHV QRLUV
GHV SDXYUHV GH OD YLOOH GHV pWUDQJHUV GHV JHQV DLVpV PDLV
FKHUFKHXUV GH EDUDND HW GHV FXULHX[ GpVLUHX[ GH YRLU
+DPDOOkKVHUHWURXYDLHQW7RXWFHPRQGHIUDWHUQLVDLWDXWRXU
GHV EDVVLQHV UHPSOLHV GH UL] RX GH FRXVFRXV >@ OH &KHLNK
YRXODLW TXH WRXW OH PRQGH IW VHUYL VDQV GLVFULPLQDWLRQ
UDFLDOH VRFLDOH HW FRQIHVVLRQQHOOH VXUWRXW 6HXOV OHV YLHX[
XOpPDV LQFDSDEOHV GH VH IUD\HU XQ SDVVDJH DX PLOLHX GH OD
IRXOH pWDLHQW VHUYLV j SDUW j ORPEUH GHV YpUDQGDV
4XHOTXHIRLV OH &KHLNK IDLVDLW VRQ DSSDULWLRQ DX FRXUV GHV
UHSDV,OFLUFXODLWHQWUHOHVJURXSHVTXLVpWDLHQWIRUPpVDXWRXU
GHV SODWV JLJDQWHVTXHV OHXU WHQGDQW OD PDLQ j OD PDQLqUH GX
SOXV SDXYUH GHV KRPPHV TXL GHPDQGH ODXP{QH ,O DYDLW OH
PRWFKDULWpVXUOHVOqYUHVHWHQFRQVpTXHQFHjFKDTXHSDV
RQOXLUHPHWWDLWXQHERXFKpHTXLOPDQJHDLW

6LQRXVDYRQVWHQXjFLWHUFHWH[WUDLWFHVWTXLOLOOXVWUH
SDUIDLWHPHQW OD QDWXUH VSLULWXHOOH GH FHOXL IXW HQ WDQW TXH
PDQLIHVWDWLRQ GpOHFWLRQ GX 9HUEH GLYLQ XQH QRXUULWXUH WRXWH
VSLULWXHOOHGRQQpHjWRXVOHVrWUHVSDUVRQVDFULILFHPrPHHWTXL
SUHQG WRXWH VRQ DPSOHXU GDQV FH ULWH HXFKDULVWLTXH &HV
FRQVLGpUDWLRQVSHUPHWWHQWGHFRPSUHQGUHOLGHQWLWpHVVHQWLHOOH
HQWUHVRQQRPLVVDZvHamahu LlhHWa-aamOHUHSDVTXL
RQWFRPPHRQODGLWODPrPHYDOHXUQXPpULTXH

6DQV DXFXQ GRXWH GDQV OH UpFLW pYRTXp GRLWRQ
SUHQGUH DX VHQV IRUW OH PRW FKDULWp TXL YLEUDLW VXU VHV
OqYUHV &HWWH FKDULWp HVW RQ OH VDLW OH IRQGHPHQW GH
OHQVHLJQHPHQW GH 7LHUQR %RNDU TXL UHMRLQW SDU XQH DIILQLWp
GHQDWXUHHVVHQWLHOOHFHOXLGHVRQSURSUH0DvWUH,OQRXVIDXW
UHYHQLU VXU OH PRW FKDULWp GRQW OH VHQV SURIRQG D
PDOKHXUHXVHPHQW pWp SHUGX GH YXH SRXU QH SOXV H[SULPHU
TXXQ YDJXH VHQWLPHQW DOWUXLVWH 'DQV OD SHUVSHFWLYH
LQLWLDWLTXH pYRTXpH FHWWH FKDULWp TXL VpWHQG j WRXV OHV rWUHV
HVWSURSUHPHQWXQLYHUVHOOHHWFRUUHVSRQGWUqVSUpFLVpPHQW
$OLRXQH7UDRUpop. citS
6LJQDORQVpJDOHPHQWTXHOH[SUHVVLRQmadabah Allh DSRXUYDOHXU
HQWHQDQWFRPSWHGHOXQLWpGHODIRUPXOHHWVHWURXYHLGHQWLTXHDXQRPEUH
G$LVVkTXLQHWLHQWSDVFRPSWHGHOalifVXVFULW
 

j OD FKDULWp FRVPLTXH GHV PXVXOPDQV GRQW SDUODLW GpMj


5HQp *XpQRQ GDQV VRQ SUHPLHU RXYUDJH SUpFLVDQW GDLOOHXUV
TXHOOH HVW WUDQVSRVDEOH HQ GHKRUV GH WRXW VHQWLPHQ
WDOLVPH,GHQWLILpHjODFRPSDVVLRQERXGGKLTXH*XpQRQ
SUpFLVHUD SOXV WDUG OH WHUPH WHFKQLTXH DUDEH TXL OXL
FRUUHVSRQGHWTXLQHVWDXWUHTXHOD RamahOD0LVpULFRUGH
PDWULFLHOOH PXKDPPDGLHQQH /H rasl PDQLIHVWH ODWWULEXW
GLYLQ GEr-Rahmn GDQV WRXV OHV PRQGHV rahmatan lillamn  HW QRQ SDV VHXOHPHQW GDQV XQ FHUWDLQ GRPDLQH
SDUWLFXOLHU 

&HVW SDUFH TXLO UHSUpVHQWDLW XQ RUJDQH GpOHFWLRQ GX
9HUEHTXLOIXWDXVVLLGHQWLILpQXPpULTXHPHQWjODERXFKH
al-famHQDUDEH1RXVDOORQVYRLUTXHOHIRQGHPHQWGHFHWWH
LGHQWLILFDWLRQ GpSDVVH OH FDGUH IRUPHO HW UHSRVH VXU XQH
FRQVFLHQFHGHVUpDOLWpVWUDQVFHQGDQWHVTXLWURXYHXQHIRLVGH
SOXVVDVRXUFHGDQVOD6FLHQFHGHVOHWWUHVHWGHV1RPEUHV/H
V\PEROLVPH GH OD ERXFKH VH WURXYH LQWLPHPHQW OLp j OD
GRFWULQH GX 9HUEH RXYHUWXUH SDU R SDVVHQW OH VRXIIOH OD
SDUROHODQRXUULWXUHODERXFKHHVWOHV\PEROHGHODSXLVVDQFH
FUpDWULFH HW WRXW SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW GH OLQVXIIODWLRQ GH OkPH
2UJDQH GH OD SDUROH verbum, logos  HW GX VRXIIOH spiritus 
HOOHV\PEROLVHDXVVLXQGHJUppOHYpGHFRQVFLHQFHXQSRXYRLU
RUJDQLVDWHXU  (Q DUDEH VL OD ERXFKH al-fam GpVLJQH
OLWWpUDOHPHQW OH OLHX GpPLVVLRQ GX YHUEH OHV VHQV VSLULWXHOV
TXL SRXUURQW MDLOOLU GXPRWVHURQWDXWDQWGDVSHFWVGX9HUEH
OXLPrPH &HVW XQH OHFWXUH KHUPpQHXWLTXH VHORQ OD /DQJXH
VRODLUH TXL RQ OH VDLW VDSSDUHQWH DX nirukta KLQGRX TXL
SHUPHWWUD GHQ GpJDJHU OD QDWXUH YLEUDWRLUH SULPRUGLDOH (Q
HIIHW OX VL ORQ SHXW VH[SULPHU DLQVL SDU GpFRPSRVLWLRQ
alf-m OHV GHX[ OHWWUHV DUDEHV A HW M DSSDUDLVVHQW GDQV
OpFULWXUHQRQYRFDOLVpHODSUHPLqUHGDQVVRQpWDWGpYHORSSp
alif  HW OD VHFRQGH GDQV VRQ pWDW GH UpVRUSWLRQ TXL OXL HVW
SURSUH m &HVGHX[OHWWUHVVRQWOHVPRGDOLWpVH[WUrPHVGX
VRQ SULPRUGLDO TXL FRUUHVSRQGHQW j O$OSKD HW O2PpJD
OHWWUHV LQLWLDOH HW ILQDOH GH ODOSKDEHW JUHF SDU OHVTXHOOHV VHVW
Dictionnaire des SymbolesS
&RQVLGpUDQWXQLTXHPHQWODVSHFWVRQRUHYRFDEOHQRXVQHGpYHORSSRQV
SDVODOHWWUHmmHQUDLVRQPrPHGHODUpVRUSWLRQGXVRQTXHOOHRSqUH


H[SUHVVpPHQW GpVLJQp -pVXV (Q DUDEH OH UDSSRUW HQYLVDJp


HQWUH OHV OHWWUHV FRUUHVSRQGDQWHV HW -pVXV HVW VWULFWHPHQW
LGHQWLTXH OD YDOHXU QXPpULTXH GH FHV GHX[ OHWWUHV alf-m HVW
GH TXLUHQYRLHXQHIRLVGHSOXVDXQRPEUHFRUDQLTXHG
AissGRQWODVSpFLILFLWpUDSSHORQVOHHVWGrWUHGpVLJQpHQ
H[FOXVLYLWpGDQVOH&RUDQFRPPHOH9HUEHG$OOkK KalimatuLlh  'DQV XQH VHFRQGH OHFWXUH FHWWH IRLV WULSDUWLWH RQ
REWLHQW A-lf-M TXL D OD SDUWLFXODULWp GH IDLUH DSSDUDvWUH OH
YRFDEOHOI GDQVXQHSRVLWLRQFHQWUDOH(QDUDEHODUDFLQH LF
TXLOXLFRUUHVSRQGH[SULPHOHVLGpHVGHQURXOHUPDLVDXVVL
GHUDPDVVHUUpXQLUGHWRXVF{WpVTXLSDUOHQWGHOOHVPrPHV


0DLQWHQDQW QRXVVRXKDLWRQVDWWLUHUODWWHQWLRQVXUXQ
SRLQW GH FKURQRORJLH WRXW j IDLW VLQJXOLHU &RPPH OD UHOHYp
0'LFNRODFWHGHGpFqVGX&KHLNKPHQWLRQQHODGDWHGX 
MDQYLHUDORUVTXHFHOOHLQGLTXpHVXUODSODTXHIXQpUDLUHGX
WRPEHDX HVW OH  MDQYLHU MRXU GH VRQ LQKXPDWLRQ
/KLVWRULHQTXLSHQVHUpVRXGUHODTXHVWLRQGHODGLIIpUHQFH
HQWUH >OHV GHX[ GDWHV@ VRXWLHQW TX$PDGRX +DPSkWp %k j
TXL ORQ GRLW OLGHQWLILFDWLRQ GH OD WRPEH GX 0DvWUH VHVW
WURPSp FRQIRQGDQW OHV GHX[ GDWHV GDQV VD OHFWXUH GHV GHX[
UHJLVWUHV 3RXU QRWUH SDUW QRXV SHQVRQV TXH VLO HQ HVW DLQVL
H[WpULHXUHPHQWFHODQH[FOXWSDVTXLOHQVRLWDXWUHPHQWVXU
OH SODQ pVRWpULTXH FDU VXU FHWWH TXHVWLRQ WRXFKDQW j OD PRUW
SUpVXPpHGX&KHLNKLOQHIDXWSDVSHUGUHGHYXHTXLOIXWHW
HVWWRXMRXUVXQHH[SUHVVLRQVHQVLEOHGHO+RPPH3DUIDLW alInsn al-Kaml  HW GRLW H[FOXUH SDU VD SHUIHFWLRQ PrPH
WRXWH HUUHXU SRVVLEOH 3DU DQDORJLH OH &RUDQ SUpVHQWH GH
QRPEUHXVHV VLQJXODULWpV JUDPPDWLFDOHV TXL SRXUUDLHQW rWUH
FRQVLGpUpHV FRPPH GHV HUUHXUV DX UHJDUG GXQH JUDPPDLUH
VXSHUILFLHOOHTXLGDQVOHFRQWH[WHFRUDQLTXHVRQWUpYpODWULFHV
GH VXEWLOLWpV GRFWULQDOHV &HVW SRXUTXRL OH ODQJDJH HW OD YLH
GHV 0DvWUHV HQ KDUPRQLH DYHF OHV ORLV GX 9HUEH XQLYHUVHO
VRQWHX[DXVVLH[HPSWVGHUUHXUVHWFHTXHOOHVTXHQVRLWOHV
DSSDUHQFHV 'H PrPH GDQV ORUGUH VSLULWXHO OHV LQGLYL
GXDOLWpVUDSSHORQVOHVHIIDFHQWHQGHYHQDQWOHV LQVWUXPHQWV
GXSODQGLYLQHWFHVWDLQVLTXHORQGRLWFRQVLGpUHUODPLVHHQ
YDOHXU V\PEROLTXH GX WRPEHDX GX &KHLNK SDU $PDGRX
 

!
"
%
&

mutasawwuf

&

'

(
+ & ,
.

&
'
&

&

&

&
''

.
*

&

&
0 3
#
&
*
$

&

Whid$ &

&
& #
4 ' $
'
& 5
&

&

!
&

"

$
; ) 3 -3 90 & A &
! 9C
D3
&
:
& &
& Rab al-Awwal

3'
&
B

&
6

8/;
&
$
90 3: $
! /38

>
Kitb al-Ghunyah$

& 1
#

alif-m

&
& /.
& ,
- $
;<
& 90 3: $ &
& ( &
90
&
$
;
(
=>
& (
?
$ &
0&
&
&
&

&
'

&
"

$
= 3
&
.
& 90 3:
90 $
+
3
& &
& = 3
3 -3

2
$
!
3 &

&

;< (
@38

$
&

)
&

.
&
1

&
0

&

"

"

!
&

.
&

.
)

& )
)
%

+
!

78

$
&
"
.
?
$
(

maghrib

'
'

&
<<$ ED2$ ; 8 4
& ;&
& #.

GHOD3URSKpWLH Khatm ar-Rislah HW7KpRSKDQLHLQWpJUDOHGH


O(VVHQFHGLYLQH


(QFRQFOXVLRQGHFHWWHpWXGHQRXVUHSURGXLURQVOXQGHV
VFHDX[GX5RLGXPRQGHTXLHVWVDQVQXOGRXWHHQUDSSRUWDYHF
OHV VHSW VFHDX[ GX /LYUH GH 9LH GpFDFKHWpV SDU O$JQHDX
DSRFDO\SWLTXH ,O HVW PLV HQ OXPLqUH SDU OD VRPPH GHV YDOHXUV
IRQGDPHQWDOHVGHGHX[GHVTXDWUHYLYDQWVTXLOHUHSUpVHQWHQW
 HW GRQW OHV IRQFWLRQV FRPSOpPHQWDLUHV RQW pWp DX FXU GH
FHWWHpWXGH,OVDJLWG,GUvVGRQWODYDOHXURFFLGHQWDOHHVWGH 
HWHWGH,VVGRQWODYDOHXURULHQWDOHFHWWHIRLVFLHVWGH&HV
GHX[ QRPEUHV PLV HQVHPEOH OXQ DXGHVVXV GH ODXWUH HQ
DGGLWLRQIRUPHQWXQVFHDXGH6DORPRQGHVGHX[WULDQJOHVHW
 HW OHXU VRPPH HVW GH  OH QRPEUH SRODURVRODLUH TXL
H[SULPH OLOOXPLQDWLRQ RX Tanwr GH PrPH YDOHXU 6L QRXV
YLYRQV ELHQ GDQV FHWWH SpULRGH GREVFXUDWLRQ WRWDOH TXL HVW OH
GHUQLHUWLHUVGHODQXLWODVDJHVVHGLYLQHQHFHVVHGHQYR\HUVHV
SUpFXUVHXUVDQQRQFLDWHXUVGHODOXPLqUHWRWDOHTXLLOOXPLQHUDOH
PRQGHjODILQGHF\FOH/DQXLW layl HOOHPrPHQHQHVWHOOHSDV
OD VHFUqWH JDUDQWH ORUVTXHOOH UpYqOH VRQ VHFUHW SDU VD YDOHXU
QXPpULTXH"







4XH GLUH PDLQWHQDQW VL FH QHVW TXXQ GHV SRUWHXUV
SULYLOpJLpV GX VHFUHW GX 6FHDX pmil Sirr al-Khatm  UHSRVH j
0RQWOXoRQ OLWWpUDOHPHQW OH PRQW GH OXPLqUH TXL QHVW DXWUH
TXXQ SURORQJHPHQW GLUHFW GX Jabal-an-nr PXKDPPDGLHQ
4XHO HVW GRQF VRQ PHVVDJH DGUHVVp DX PRQGH TXL VFHOOH VRQ
H[LVWHQFHWHUUHVWUH"
 Cf 0LFKHO 9kOVDQ  /HV GHUQLHUV +DXWV JUDGHV GH O(FRVVLPH HW OH
UpDOLVDWLRQGHVFHQGDQWHE.T.QRV
(QGRXEOHGpYHORSSHPHQWlmylm  
 



BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB



8Q LQGLFH QRXV HVW GRQQp SDU OD VpULH QXPpULTXH
LQVFULWHVXUVDWRPEHTXLHVWXQVFKpPDGLWGHQDWLYLWp6XU
OD SUHPLqUH OLJQH OH  HVW FHOXL GX MRXU GX PRLV GH 5DMDE
FRUUHVSRQGDQW j OD FRQFHSWLRQ GX 3URSKqWH  TXL
FRUUHVSRQGDXGpS{WGHOD/XPLqUHPXKDPPDGLHQQHSDUVRQ
SqUH $EGDOOkK GDQV OH VHLQ GH VD PqUH PLQDK HW OHV MRXUV
FRQVpFXWLIVjODIL[DWLRQGHFHWWH/XPLqUH/HMRXUFDOLIDO
SDU H[FHOOHQFH HVW FHOXL GX MRXU GX 0RLV GH Rabi al-Awwal
TXLPDUTXHVDQDLVVDQFHHWV\PEROLVHODYHQXHDXPRQGHGH
FHWWH /XPLqUH /D VRPPH GHV VXLWHV LQYHUVpHV UpYqOH OH
QRPEUH GH O(VSULW VDLQW  VHFUHW GH FHWWH QDWLYLWp TXL VH
UpYqOH GDQV OH SULQWHPSV VSLULWXHO GXQ TXDWHUQDLUH
SULPRUGLDO FHVWjGLUH GXQ Rabi al-Awwal DX VHQV OLWWpUDO
GXWHUPHHWTXLV\PEROLVHOpWDW$GDPLTXHWUDQVFHQGp [
   &HWWH QDLVVDQFH SRUWH OH QRP HQ DUDEH GAl-Mawlid
GRQW OD YDOHXU SRODLUH  WpPRLJQH GH OpYpQHPHQW
PpWDSK\VLTXHSDUH[FHOOHQFHTXLHVWIrWpXQLYHUVHOOHPHQWGDQV
WRXV OHV PRQGHV VHORQ XQ SURFHVVXV GHVFHQGDQW  
$OODKXPPD UpSDQGV OD IDYHXU GH 7HV SULqUHV HW pWHQGV OD
SURWHFWLRQ GH WHV VDOXWDWLRQV VXU OD 3UHPLqUH GpWHUPLQDWLRQ
pPHUJHDQW GHV 7pQqEUHV VHLJQHXULDOHV HW VXU OD 'HUQLqUH
'HVFHQWHSURMHWpHYHUVOHJHQUHKXPDLQ



PXKDUUDP $FKRXUD 
IpYULHUGRXEOH

DQQLYHUVDLUHGHODGLVSDULWLRQGH

7LHUQR%RNDU6DOLI7DOOVHORQOHV

GHX[FRPSXWVOXQDLUHHWVRODLUH

 a lmwl d 
,EQ$UDEvPrire sur le ProphteWUDGXLWHSDU0LFKHO9kOVDQ




$11(;(,

/D JpQpDORJLH FKpULILHQQH GX &KHLNK +DPDOOkK pFULWH GH VD
PDLQ VRXUFH$OLRXQH7UDRUp&KHLNK+DPDKRXOODK 



 

$11(;(,,

/DOHWWUHHQYR\pHDX[DXWRULWpVFRORQLDOHV 0U(PHULWFKDUJp
GHVDIIDLUHVPXVXOPDQHV 






$11(;(,,,


/HSRqPHGX&KHLNK0XKDPPDGDO$PvQH[WUDLWGXOLYUHAl-Yaqt wa-l-Marjn f
payati Shaykhina pimyati-r-Ramn.

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

$11(;(,9

/D Nniyyah GX &KHLNK $KPDG DV6DJKvU H[WUDLWH GX OLYUH Al-Yaqt wa-lMarjn f payati Shaykhina pimyati-r-Ramn.

147

148

149


150

$11(;(9

/DJpQpDORJLHGX3URSKqWH0XKDPPDGU

151

6<670('(
75$16&5,37,21
&DUDFWqUHV 7UDQVFULSWLRQ

$UDEHV


Caractres
Arabes

7UDQVFULSWLRQ



A-a--



B-b

-

T-t

Th-th

*KJK

J-j

)I

p-

4T

Kh-kh

.N

D-d

/O

Dh-dh

0P

R-r

1Q

Z-z

+K

S-s

:Z

Sh-sh

Y-y-

6-s

k-










a
u
i

9DOHXUVQXPpULTXHVGHVOHWWUHVGHODOSKDEHWDUDEHVHORQODEMDG
/HWWUH
VLPSOH



7UDQVFULSWLRQ &RPSXW
RULHQWDO



&RPSXW
RFFLGHQWDO



/HWWUH
GpYHORSSpH



7UDQVFULSWLRQ &RPSXW
RULHQWDO



&RPSXW
RFFLGHQWDO



a, i, u RX

)

Alif

)))

*

+

+

Jm

-+

,

Dl

+-

-

.

w,

.

Ww

)+

/

Zay

)0

0

p

1

1

)(

y,

)(

))

*(

Kf

)()

+(

Lm

/)

,(

Mm

1(

-(

Nn

)(.

.(

+((

Sn

)*(

+.(

/(

Ayn

)+(

0(

0)

1(

.(

6G

1-

.-

)((

Qf

)0)

*((

*()

sh

+((

)(((

Shn

+.(

)(.(

,((

,()

th

-((

Th

-()

kh

.((

Kh

.()

dh

/((

Dhl

/+)

0((

1(

kl

0(-

1-

1((

0((

1()

0()

gh

)((( 1((

Ghayn

)(.( 1.(

//(9(57((',7,216
%3
/21*9,&&HGH[
,OHYHUWHHGLWLRQV#JPDLOFRP

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi