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ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ :
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ Aﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ξو Rﻋﺪد ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ.
. AM = R اﻟﻔﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮآﺰهﺎ Aوﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ Rهﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ Mﺣﻴﺚ :
) S ( A, R وﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑــ :
}S ( A, R ) = {M ∈ ξ / AM = R
2
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :
AB
. إذا آﺎن ] [ ABﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻜﺔ Sﻓﺈن ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ] [ ABهﻮ ﻣﺮآﺰهﺎ وﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ هﻮ :
2
∅= S
a + b2 + c2 − d = 0
2
اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ: 2
}) S = {Ω ( a, b, c
a 2 + b2 + c2 − d 0 اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ: 3
R 0 ﺣﻴﺚ R = a +b +c −d
2 2 2 2
ﻧﻀﻊ :
R = a +b +c −d 2 2 2
) S = S ( Ω ( a , b, c ) , R
ﻣﺜـﺎل :
(E): x 2
+ y + z − 2y + z − 3 = 0
2 2
ﻃـ: 1
a=0 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ :
b =1
1
c=−
2
d = −3
1 17
= a 2 + b2 + c2 − d = 1 + + 3 0 إذن :
4 4
17 ⎛ ⎞1
= .R ⎟ Ω ⎜ 0,1, −وﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ إذن S :ﻓﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﺮآﺰهﺎ :
2 ⎝ ⎠2
ﻃـ: 2
2
⎛ ⎞1 1
)( E ) : x 2 + ( y − 1 + ⎜ z + ⎟ = 1+ + 3
2
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ :
⎝ ⎠2 4
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ 17
= ⎟ x + ( y − 1) + ⎜ z + ⇔
2 2
∅= S∩P
d ( Ω, ( P ) ) = R اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ: 2
} ( S ) ∩ ( P ) = {H
ﺑﺤﻴﺚ Hهﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ Ωﻋﻠﻰ ) . ( P
ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻮل ان اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ( Pﻣﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻜﺔ ) . ( S
d ( Ω, ( P ) ) ≺ R اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ: 3
2t 2 + t − 6 = 0
) ∆ = 1 − 4 ( 2 ) × ( −6 ﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ :
= 49 0
−1 − 7
= t1 = −2 إذن :
4
−1 + 7 3
= t2 =
4 2
وﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﺔ Sواﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ( Dهﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ A ( −2, −1, 2 ) :
⎞ ⎛3 5
⎟. B⎜ , ,2 و:
⎠ ⎝2 2
ﻣﺜــﺎل : 2
أدرس اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ( Dواﻟﻔﻠﻜﺔ ) . ( S
)( S ) : ( x − 1) + ( y + 1 + z 2 = −4
2 2
ﺣﻴﺚ :
⎧x = t +1
( D ) : ⎪⎨ y = −1 + 2t / ) ∈ (t
⎪z = t
⎩
اﻟﺠــﻮاب :
)(1 + t − 1) + ( −1 + 2t + 1 + t = −4
2 2 2
t 2 + 4t 2 + t 2 = −4
6t 2 = −4
6t 2 + 4 = 0
∆ = −96 ≺ 0
∅ = )(S ) ∩ ( D وﻣﻨﻪ :