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FD S90-155
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FE063248
French standardization
FD S 90-155
May 2016
ICS: 11.040.10
Classification index: S 90-155
Fibre optic communication subsystem test procedures — Part

2-3: digital systems — Jitter and wander measurements
Procédures d’essai des sous-systèmes de télécommunications à fibres optiques — Partie 2-3 : systèmes
numériques — Mesures des gigues et des dérapages
English Version FD S 90-155:2016
Published and distributed by Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR — French standard institute) — 11, rue Francis de Pressensé —
93571 La Plaine Saint-Denis Cedex — Tel.: + 33 (0)1 41 62 80 00 — Fax: + 33 (0)1 49 17 90 00 — www.afnor.org
© AFNOR — All rights reserved Version of 2016-05-P

FD S 90-155
Contents
Page
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .................................................................................................................6
3.1 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Symbols ...............................................................................................................................................................7
4 Terminal units ..................................................................................................................................................7
5 Number of terminal units and flow rates ................................................................................................8
6 Other elements for the construction rules .......................................................................................... 12
6.1 Double-stage pressure regulation systems ......................................................................................... 12
6.2 Nominal pressure adjustment ................................................................................................................. 12
6.3 Flow rates ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
6.4 Diameters ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
6.4.1 Calculation of the diameter of pressurised gas pipelines .............................................................. 13
6.4.2 Calculation of the diameter of pipelines for gases under negative pressure (vacuum) ..... 13
6.4.3 Pressure drop ................................................................................................................................................ 13
6.4.4 Recommendations concerning the tubes............................................................................................. 15
6.5 Vacuum system design................................................................................................................................ 16
6.6 Loop design ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
7 Colour coding ................................................................................................................................................. 16
8 Tests .................................................................................................................................................................. 17
8.1 Testing of medical vacuum pipeline distribution systems ............................................................ 17
8.2 Fluid non-cross-connection and identification tests ....................................................................... 17
9 Redundancy of pressure regulators ...................................................................................................... 18
9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
9.2 Critical care areas ......................................................................................................................................... 18
10 Sources of supply .......................................................................................................................................... 18
10.1 Sources of supply of compressed medical gases ............................................................................... 18
10.2 Medical vacuum supply sources of supply .......................................................................................... 19
10.3 Local back-up sources of supply.............................................................................................................. 19
11 Local commission for the monitoring of medical gases and recommendations for
operation ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Annex A Calculations of the diameters / pressure drop ............................................................................... 21
Annex B Calculations of the diameters / pressure drop ............................................................................... 23
B.1 Pre-selection of the vacuum pipeline diameter ................................................................................ 23
B.2 Examples of applications ........................................................................................................................... 27
Annex C Calculation formulas................................................................................................................................. 30
C.1 Origin of the "diameter calculation" formula ..................................................................................... 30
C.2 Hypotheses used ........................................................................................................................................... 31
C.3 Pressure drop calculation formulas ...................................................................................................... 31
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 33
3
FD S 90-155
Introduction
The French standard NF S 90-155, dated February 1990, included a great many specifications for the design
of medical gas pipeline distribution systems: minimum number of terminal units per healthcare facility, flow
rates and associated diversity factors, and other calculation data for construction rules, as well as acceptance
specifications.
These specifications were no longer included in European standard NF EN 737-3:2000, which replaced
NF S 90-155:1990, since healthcare facilities could not be defined at a European level. The French commission,
not wishing to see these elements disappear, had decided to update them and to group them together in
national documentation, published in August 2001, as a source of information complementing the European
Standard.
The issue of standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 in 2007 (which replaced NF EN 737-3) has led to a complete overhaul
of FD S 90-155 (particularly with respect to the sources of supply and redundancy of the pressure regulators).
In addition, the French standardising commission S92D "Medical gas pipeline systems" wanted, in the light of
the experience acquired since the publication of the previous version of this documentation, to review
extensively the tables of allocations of terminal units by workstation and of flow rates.
The 2012 edition included modifications relating to the dimensioning of the vacuum production source of
supply.
The 2014 edition included modifications relating to the dimensioning of the pipelines, taking the pressure
drops into account.
The 2016 edition includes modifications relating to the dimensioning of the pipelines and to pressure drops
in vacuum pipeline distribution system, which have been adjusted in this version, along with the modifications
following the publication of the NF EN ISO 7396-1:2016 standard, taking into account the changes with respect
to the previous version (2007 edition).
4
FD S 90-155
1 Scope
This document gives, for information purposes, elements for the design and acceptance of pipeline
distribution systems for medical gases and vacuum, which complement those in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1.
This document does not provide all the elements for the dimensioning of sources of supply of compressed
medical gases; refer to subclause 5.2.1 in NF EN ISO 7396-1.
In the special case of vacuum, refer to Tables 1 and 1B and to subclauses 6.3 and 10.2 in this document.
2 Normative references
The following reference documents are essential for applying this document. For dated references, only the
edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference document (including any
amendments) applies.
NF S 90-116:1988, Medico-surgical equipment — Terminal units and related probes for medical fluids
FD S 90-119:2006, Terminal units for medical gas pipeline systems — Terminal units for air for driving surgical
tools and corresponding probes
NF EN 13348:2008, Copper and copper alloys — Seamless, round copper tubes for medical gases or vacuum
(classification index: A 51-127)
NF EN ISO 4135:2001, Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Vocabulary (classification index: S 95-100)
NF EN ISO 5359:2008, Low-pressure hose assemblies for use with medical gases (classification index: S 95-174),
replaces NF EN 739:1998 (an amendment is in progress so that NIST and SIS connectors are not accepted at the
European level)
NF EN ISO 7396-1:2016 (replaces NF EN ISO 7396-1:2007), Medical gas pipeline systems — Part 1: Pipeline
systems for compressed medical gases and vacuum (classification index: S 95-155)
NF EN ISO 9170-1:2008, Terminal units for medical gas pipeline systems — Part 1: Terminal units for use with
compressed medical gases and vacuum (classification index: S 95-162-1) (replaces NF EN 737-1:1998)
NF EN ISO 11197, Medical supply units (classification index: S 95-164)
European Pharmacopoeia monograph relating to medical gases, including "medicinal air (1998, corrected in
2000)".
Order dated 22 October 1982 (Journal Officiel dated 3 November 1982) relating to safety devices for medical
gas pipeline apparatus
Order dated 23 December 1988 (Journal Officiel dated 30 December 1988) regarding the mandatory
application of standards
Circular DGS/3A/667B dated 10 October 1985 (BO from the Ministry of Health 85-51 dated 22 January 1986)
relating to the distribution of gases for medicinal use and to the creation of a local commission for the
monitoring of this distribution
Circular No 146 dated 21 March 1966 relating to the safe use of medical gases
5
FD S 90-155
Decrees in the Public Health Code (Journal Officiel dated 20 July 2005):
 D 6124-1 to 26 (emergency transport)
 D 6124-27 to 34 (resuscitation)
 D 6124-104 to 118 (resuscitation)
Order dated 7 January 1993 (Journal Officiel dated 15 January 1993) relating to the characteristics of the
operating sector mentioned in Article D 712-31 of the Public Health Code for structures where anaesthesia or
day surgery, as covered in Article R 712-2-1 (b) of this same code, are performed
Order dated 3 October 1995 (Journal Officiel dated 13 October 1995) relating to the conditions of use and
inspection of medical equipment and devices performing the functions and actions mentioned in
Articles D 712-43 and D 712-47 of the Public Health Code (Anaesthesia).
Ministerial circular dated DH/EM1 No 963059 dated 17 June 1996 relating to the safety of medical devices.
Use of ventilators and gas mixers for anaesthesia, resuscitation and neonatology
Order dated 10 December 2004 (Journal Officiel dated 22 January 2005) approving provisions complementing
and amending the safety regulations against the risk of fire and panic in public establishments (Articles U)
Non-regulatory reference: Comments from the COPREC Fire Safety Delegation (formerly CLOPSI) from
April 2008 in the order dated 10 December 2004 amending the fire safety regulations in public healthcare
establishments Articles U
3 Terms, definitions and symbols

3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 and
NF EN ISO 4135 and the following apply.
3.1.1
healthcare station
location where one and only one patient is connected to the pipeline system
3.1.2
medical area shut-off valve
healthcare service shut-off valve (area valve as defined in NF EN ISO 7396-1) which shuts off the supply to all
terminal units in the service. It defines the limit between the primary and secondary parts of the pipeline
distribution system, including for vacuum
3.1.3
circulation-corridor
access to different areas and rooms, after the medical area shut-off valve (medical service) outside the
terminal unit supply antenna
6
FD S 90-155
3.2 Symbols
The symbols below should be used for medical system drawings:
NOTE 1 "EUM" (Entrée Urgence Maintenance (Emergency Maintenance Inlet) = former VSP).
NOTE 2 The gas symbol shall be shown for the secondary pipelines distribution system at each change of direction or
each port if compatible with the drawing scale.
Figure 1 — Symbols and keys for medical fluid system drawing
4 Terminal units
The terminal units shall be compliant with standards NF EN ISO 9170-1 and NF S 90-116 with respect to the
description of the notching (as well as with FD S 90-119 for the driving air). For safety reasons, the application
of standard NF S 90-116 has been made mandatory (order dated 22 October 1982 and order dated 23 October
1988).
The term "terminal unit", used both for standardising and regulations purposes, is defined as follows
(NF EN ISO 4135): "outlet assembly (inlet for vacuum) in a medical gas pipeline system at which the operator
can make connections and disconnections".
7
FD S 90-155
This refers to both terminal units in the wall and in a mobile or fixed arm. Table 1 gives the minimum number
of terminal units per healthcare station; if there are "n" beds/stations or seats per room, the number of
terminal units is therefore to be multiplied by "n".
The manufacturing of a gas pipeline distribution system for medical use compliant with the normative and
regulatory requirements involves trials, tests, and a final acceptance up to the medical gas terminal units, or
alternatively, on the foolproof devices installed upstream from each equipment.
In the case of installation of medical fluid supply units known as "bedhead units" (see NF EN ISO 11197 on
medical supply units) or of fixed bed standards (or risers) equipped in particular with gas for medical use
terminal units, a single manufacturer should be used for the pipeline system and for the pipelines inside the
medical supply unit, including for the medical gas terminal units incorporated into the reservations planned.
If the manufacturer of the pipeline system is not responsible for the manufacturing of the pipelines inside the
medical supply unit and of the terminal units of gases for medical use, it is necessary to plan for interfaces
defining the limits of each manufacturer's responsibility regarding all connection points in order to define a
perfectly identified interface between the manufacturers (e.g. use of foolproof device, valve or batch label
(giving the supplier's name and certification number) on either side of the connection point.
5 Number of terminal units and flow rates

It is requested that the number of terminal units per healthcare station and the flow rates per healthcare
station be compliant with the numbers given in Tables 1 and 1B.
In the absence of indications to the contrary by the medical professional, validated by the local commission
for the monitoring of medical gases, the number of terminal units and the flow rates obtained for a station are
considered sufficient for the activity in question. Therefore, if additional terminal units are requested, the
cumulative flow rates need not exceed the values given under "nominal flow rate per station".
If the use of medical air for instrument drying is authorised by Standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 § 5.5.1.2, particular
attention should be paid to the high flow rates of certain devices, e.g. endoscope drying cabinets. This type of
cabinet, when connected to medical air, entails consumption rates liable to jeopardise the entire medical air
pipeline distribution system, which is above all intended for the patient. At the time of the study, and prior to
setting up such a device, the medical gas commission should conduct a risk analysis, making sure in particular
that the planned consumption rates can be absorbed by the medical air facility in place. If such is not the case,
three solutions are possible:
 installing an endoscope drying cabinet which includes its own air compressor;
 replacing the Medical Air production source of supply with a new source of supply suited to the new
requirements;
 setting up a medical air source of supply to be used exclusively for the drying of endoscopes.
8
BOUTIQUE
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FD S 90-155
Table 1 — Medical fluid equipment per hospital healthcare station and dimensioning of the pipeline distribution systems
AFNOR(mert@asmedikal.com.tr)
% of times: Average use or diversity percentage: This is the diversity factor corresponding to the probability of simultaneous use of terminal units of the same type.
Unit flow rate: This is the instantaneous unit flow rate at the terminal unit in Normal Litre per minute (under atmospheric pressure).
Nominal flow rate per station: Adding together all the nominal flow rates (in Normal Litre per minute) per station gives the design flow as defined in Standard NF EN ISO 7396-1. The latter is used to dimension the pipelines in accordance with
- Usage réservé à 1 utilisateur

Tables 2 and 3 in this document
Type of bed or station (see Medicinal oxygen Medicinal air Medical vacuum Observations
secondary table below)
Nbr. of Unit flow % of Nominal flow Nbr. of Unit % of Nominal flow Nbr. of Unit flow % of Nominal flow See comments below
terminal rate in times rate per terminal flow times rate per terminal rate in times rate per
units Nl/min station in units per rate in station in units per Nl/min station in
per station Nl/min station Nl/min Nl/min station Nl/min
Type A station or bed 1 10 10 1 1 30 10 3 1 24 5 1.2 See NOTES 1 and 5
Type B station or bed 1 10 20 2 1 30 10 3 1 24 15 3.6 See NOTES 2, 4 and 5
Type C station or bed 1 10 20 2 1 15 20 3 2 24 20 9.6 See NOTES 3, 4 and 5
Pour
Type D station or bed 2 20 40 16 1 15 30 4.5 3 24 20 14.4 See NOTES 4 and 5
(Code
: ASclient
Type E station or bed 2 60 60 72 2 30 60 36 3 24 73 52.5 See NOTES 4 and 5
NOTE 1 Optional medicinal air terminal unit installed in case of aerosol therapy in type A beds.
MUHENDISLIK
NOTE 2 Optional N2O terminal unit in case of interventional radiology. For the flow rates, refer to Table 1B "Medical fluid equipment per hospital healthcare station and dimensioning of the pipeline distribution systems" In this case, the
N2O terminal unit shall be associated with an AGSS type terminal unit.
: 80080531)LTD STI
NOTE 3 For ENT (ORL) departments, it may be necessary to have two O 2 terminal units per station.
NOTE 4 The use of a drainage and/or vacuum system with regulation by vacuum breaker valve shall be compliant with the manufacturer's recommendations so as not to cause the vacuum pipeline distribution system to collapse.
NOTE 5 24 Nl/min = 40 l/min at -400 mbar relative (60 kPa)
Secondary table of beds and stations by type, grouped together according to the need for medical fluids
Type A station or bed Type B station or bed Type C station or bed Type D station or bed Type E station or bed
Geriatric bed Specialised medicine bed (Respiratory medicine, cardiology and dialysis) General surgery bed Cardio-thoracic surgery bed Heavy resuscitation bed
Medicine bed Follow-up care bed Visceral surgery bed Trauma resuscitation room Surgical resuscitation bed
Long- and medium-term stay Mother and/or child maternity bed Day surgery bed Neonatology resuscitation bed All-purpose resuscitation bed
bed
Paediatrics bed Obstetric surgery bed Medical resuscitation bed Major burn victim bed
Ambulatory care bed ENT (ORL) surgery bed Heavy intensive care bed
Exercise room Emergency booth Reverse isolation room
Non-Interventional Medical Imaging Room, e.g. radiology, scanner, MRI, Continuous monitoring bed Cardiology intensive care bed
mammography, ultrasonography, angiography, stereography, gamma
camera
Patient awaiting radiology Burn victim bed
FD S90-155:2016-05
Examination, healthcare and consultation room
9
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FD S 90-155
Table 1B — Medical fluid equipment per hospital healthcare station and dimensioning of the pipeline systems (1 of 2)
Unit flow rate: This is the instantaneous unit flow rate at the terminal unit.

Nominal flow rate per station: Adding together all the nominal flow rates per station gives the design flow as defined in Standard NF EN ISO 7396-1. The latter is used to dimension the pipelines in accordance with Tables 2 and 3 in this document.
Operating theatre, day surgery theatre, Medicinal oxygen Medicinal nitrous oxide Medicinal air Medical vacuum
obstetric surgery theatre and ancillary
rooms Nbr. of Unit % of Nominal Nbr. of Unit % of Nominal Nbr. of Unit % of Nominal Nbr. of Unit flow % of Nominal flow
termi- flow ti- flow rate termi- flow ti- flow rate termi- flow ti- flow rate termi- rate in ti- rate per station
nal rate in mes per nal rate in mes per nal rate in mes per nal Nl/min mes in Nl/min
units Nl/min station in units Nl/min station in units Nl/min station in units
per Nl/min per Nl/min per Nl/min per
station station station station
Multipurpose room, orthopaedics room, 2 20 50 20 1 10 100 10 2 15 50 15 3 24 73 52.5

visceral surgery room, ENT (ORL) room,
Caesarean room, obstetrics room, laparoscopy
Pour
room and day surgery room
(Code
Endoscopy, colonoscopy and pregnancy 1 15 50 7.5 1 10 10 1 1 15 20 3 2 24 15 7.2
: ASclient
termination room
Cardiac surgery room, vascular surgery and 3 20 100 60 1 10 100 10 2 15 50 15 3 24 73 52.5
MUHENDISLIK
coronarography room
: 80080531)LTD STI
Recovery or post-anaesthetic recovery bed 1 15 50 7.5 0 1 15 20 3 2 24 20 9.6
Induction station 1 20 50 10 1 10 100 10 1 15 50 7.5 2 24 10 4.8
Labour, pre-labour, delivery room 2 10 50 10 0 1 10 20 2 3 24 15 10.8
Baby, postnatal, incubator room 1 10 10 1 0 1 10 10 1 2 24 10 4.8
Washroom, decontamination room and 0 0 0 0

instrument drying station
FD S90-155:2016-05
10
BOUTIQUE
MERT Bakirsoy
FD S 90-155
Table 1B — Medical fluid equipment per hospital healthcare station and dimensioning of the pipeline systems (2 of 2)
Unit flow rate: This is the instantaneous unit flow rate at the terminal unit.

Nominal flow rate per station: Adding together all the nominal flow rates per station gives the design flow as defined in Standard NF EN ISO 7396-1. The latter is used to dimension the pipelines in accordance with Tables 2 and 3 in this document.
Air for driving surgical tools Air for AGSS terminal unit Vacuum for AGSS terminal unit Medical CO2
Nbr. of Unit % of Nominal Nbr. of Unit flow % of Nominal Nbr. of Unit flow % of Nominal Nbr. of Unit flow % of Nominal
Operating theatre, day surgery theatre, termi- flow ti- flow rate termi- rate in ti- flow rate termi- rate in times flow rate termi- rate in ti- flow rate
obstetric surgery theatre and ancillary nal rate in mes per nal Nl/min mes per nal Nl/min per nal Nl/min mes per
rooms units Nl/min station in units station in units station in units station in
per Nl/min per Nl/min per Nl/min per Nl/min
station station station station
Multipurpose room, orthopaedics room, 1 250 20 50 1 40 100 40 1 90 100 90 1 10 20 2
visceral surgery room, ENT (ORL) room,
Caesarean room, obstetrics room, laparoscopy
Pour
room and day surgery room
(Code
Endoscopy, colonoscopy and pregnancy 0 1 40 10 4 1 90 10 9 1 10 20 2
: ASclient
termination room
Cardiac surgery room, vascular surgery and 1 250 20 50 1 40 100 40 1 90 100 90 1 10 20 2
MUHENDISLIK
coronarography room
Recovery or post-anaesthetic recovery bed 0 0 0 0
: 80080531)LTD STI
Induction station 0 1 40 50 20 1 90 50 45 0
Labour, pre-labour, delivery room 0 0 0 0
Baby, postnatal, incubator room 0 0 0 0
Washroom, decontamination room and 1 40 50 20 0 0 0
instrument drying station
NOTE 1 Either AGSS air terminal units or AGSS vacuum terminal units are used, but the two technologies cannot be combined in the same rooms. It is to be noted that if AGSS vacuum is used, the vacuum production is different from the
medical vacuum production in accordance with subclause 5.7.12 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1.
NOTE 2 Optional CO2 terminal unit.
NOTE 3 For drying the instruments, a dedicated secondary pipeline distribution system can be used, supplied with primary medicinal air.
NOTE 4 In the case of terminal units fed through a hose (e.g. mobile arm), these devices shall be secured in the case of breakdown (for instance, rupture or crushing of the hose). Installation of shut-off valves on terminal units fed through a
hose, and installation of terminal units on the wall to ensure continuity of the supply. The number of these terminal units on the wall shall be at least compliant with Tables 1 and 1B in this document.
NOTE 5 The European Pharmacopoeia "Medical Air" monograph corresponds to the "medical air" mentioned in NF EN ISO 7396-1. The quality of the air for driving surgical devices, for the instrument drying stations, and of the AGSS air for
anaesthetic gas scavenging, is the same as that of medical air, except for the pressures.
NOTE 6 It is no longer possible to use N2O terminal units in labour and delivery rooms to produce an analgesic mixture. If required, bottles of ready-to-use O2/N2O 50/50 medicine cylinders should be used.
NOTE 7 24 Nl/min = 40 l/min at -400 mbar relative (60 kPa)
FD S90-155:2016-05
11
FD S 90-155
6 Other elements for the construction rules

6.1 Double-stage pressure regulation systems
Standard NF S 90-155 (1990), now replaced by NF EN ISO 7396-1, made it mandatory to use double
pressure regulation systems (now called "double-stage").
In order to maintain the pipeline distribution system coherence and safety (use of emergency cylinders,
and for maintenance for instance), it is advisable that the double-stage operating principle be maintained.
In addition, the double-stage system makes it possible to reduce the variations in pressure during use with
respect to the variations at the level of the primary pipeline distribution system and to operation in normal
conditions.
The two pressure levels allow for better sectoring of the healthcare facilities (e.g. in the case of incident or
maintenance, the isolation and use of emergency means are easier in the department).
6.2 Nominal pressure adjustment
In the spirit of ministerial circular DH/EM1 No 963059 dated 17 June 1996, in the secondary pipeline
distribution system, the oxygen pressure should be higher than the medicinal air pressure, which is itself
higher than the nitrous oxide pressure. It is advisable to have a pressure difference of 0.3 bar between each
gas:
 4.8 bar for oxygen;
 4.5 bar for medicinal air;
 4.2 bar for nitrous oxide;
 8 bar for air for surgical tools;
to eliminate the risk of backflow contamination with decrease in the inhaled fraction of oxygen in the case
of rupture of the non-return valve.
In the same spirit, for neonatology departments, the medicinal air pressure should be higher than the
oxygen pressure, and staged as follows:
 4.8 bar for medicinal air;
 4.5 bar for oxygen;
to eliminate the risk of 100% oxygen inhalation in newborn children (risk of ocular toxicity) in the case of
rupture of the non-return valve.
The nominal distribution pressures of the existing terminal unit pipeline distribution systems in the entire
establishment should also be standardised in accordance with the indications above.
6.3 Flow rates
At the design stage, the prescribers and future users shall consult each other to validate the number of
terminal units per healthcare station and/or rooms where they are in use; their number shall at least be
compliant with Tables 1 and 1B.
12
FD S 90-155
6.4 Diameters
6.4.1 Calculation of the diameter of pressurised gas pipelines
The diameter of pressurised gas pipelines is determined using Formula F1 defined in Annexes A and C of
this document.
For pressurised medical gasses, the speed should be limited to 15 m/s in the primary and secondary
pipeline distribution systems.
This offers two advantages:
 decrease in the pressure drops on line;
 improved safety as regards oxygen and nitrous oxide, particularly to reduce overheating.
In view of these data, TABLE 2 (see Annex A) makes it possible to know, for each tube inner diameter, the
maximum acceptable flow rate.
6.4.2 Calculation of the diameter of pipelines for gases under negative pressure (vacuum)
For the vacuum, the running speed can reach 25 m/s, and it can be estimated that in the formula below a
theoretical negative pressure of 0.5 bar below the atmospheric pressure shall be taken into account, i.e. an
absolute pressure of 0.5 bar. Once the diameter has been determined according to Table 3 in Annex B, the
pressure drop shall be calculated in accordance with subclause 6.4.3 and with Annexes B and C in this
document.
The pipelines of the circulations-corridors and of the risers shall have a constant diameter to guarantee the
flow rate of the connected rooms or facilities.
6.4.3 Pressure drop
6.4.3.1 Pressure drop for medical gas pipelines distribution system
The double-stage pipeline distribution system principle makes it possible to ignore the pressure drop for
the applications provided for in NF EN ISO 7396-1.
6.4.3.2 Pressure drop for vacuum networks
For new installations and/or extensions of an existing pipeline distribution system, the theoretical
pressure drop in vacuum pipelines distribution system shall be taken into account to comply with the
technical performance requirements of subclause 7.2.4 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1. In compliance with
this standard, the negative pressure level at the terminal unit should not be below -400 mbar relative
(60 kPa).
For vacuum pipelines, the pressure drop associated with the distance and changes of direction (bends, T-
joints, bypasses) makes it necessary to apply the elements in Formulas F3, F5 and FC6 given in the annex
to this document for the dimensioning of the vacuum pipeline distribution system.
The pressure drop is to be calculated at a mid-point negative pressure of -500 mbar relative (50 kPa); this
level corresponds to the average negative pressure level with respect to the levels expected at the terminal
unit and at the source of supply in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1.
13
FD S 90-155
The maximum pressure drop authorised by the calculation shall meet the two conditions below:
 100 mbar (10 kPa) between the terminal unit and the medical area valve (secondary pipeline
distribution system);
and
 250 mbar (25 kPa) between the terminal unit and the main shut-off valve (at the source of supply);
The pressure drop is to be calculated on the most unfavourable section (most remote station or station
corresponding to the highest flow rate). To calculate the pressure drop at this station, the unit flow rate
multiplied by the number of terminal units per station, provided in Tables 1 and 1B of this document and
without application of the diversity factor, should be taken into account.
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram for calculation of vacuum pressure drops
After having predetermined the pipeline diameter in accordance with Table 3 in this document, the
theoretical pressure drop should be taken into account by referring to Table 4 in Annex B or to the formulas.
The diameter will be readjusted according to the total lengths.
Annex B in this document presents the procedure to be followed to determine the diameter of each section.
14
FD S 90-155
6.4.3.3 Notion of pressure drop and equivalent lengths
The pressure drop represent the total pressure drop due to various inevitable frictions which the fluid in
motion is subjected to, and are usually expressed in Pascals.
The pressure drop are directly linked to the speed of the fluid, and a distinction shall be made between two
types of pressure drop:
 the so-called "linear or regular" pressure drop are due to the friction of the fluid on the walls of the
ducts;
 the so-called "singular" pressure drop are due to the various irregularities of the pipeline distribution
system (bypass, bends, reductions, etc.).
The total pressure drop is the sum of the linear and singular drops in pressure.
The "linear" pressure drops are determined according to the length, diameter and gas speed.
The singular pressure drops shall be taken into account to define the overall pressure drop.
Every pipe accessory (T-joint, bends, bypass, etc.) is replaced by a straight length with the same diameter,
whose pressure drop due to friction is equivalent to the local pressure drop of this accessory.
These straight lengths are then added to the actual pipe length. We thus obtain an imaginary total length
to which we apply the general theory on linear pressure drop due to friction.
To simplify the calculations of the total length to be taken into account, the linear pressure drop coefficient
will include an increase in length of:
 5 % for inner   26;
 10 % for inner  > 26;
making it possible to take into account the equivalent length induced by singular pressure drops.
6.4.4 Recommendations concerning the tubes
Copper tubes and assemblies should be used, delivered after degreasing in the factory and plugged, with a
thickness of 1 mm (they are easier to bend than the 0.8 mm tubes, and do not require manufactured bends
systematically entailing soldering operations), in accordance with standard NF EN 13348.
The tubes should be assembled by capillary soldering, with an alloy with a minimum content of cadmium-
free silver of 40% (below 0.01% of the weight of the alloys). The silver alloys used for this application shall
as a minimum be compliant with Ag 140 in ISO 17672.
For the vacuum, beyond an inner diameter of 50 mm, pressure PVC pipelines compliant with the M1 or
Bs2d0 minimum characteristics, or HDPE pipelines for underground pipeline distribution systems, can be
used. The design of the vacuum pipeline distribution system will not include the installation of fire-stop
sleeves at wall crossings, including for diameters greater than 125 mm, in order to ensure the continuity of
the medical vacuum supply, which is essential, in particular, for highly dependent patients.
15
FD S 90-155
The distance between the oxygen tubes and the fuel pipelines should be that given in the version of
standard NF S 90-155:1990:
"The oxygen pipelines shall be kept as far away as possible from any gas or liquid fuel pipeline. The distance
between the two types of pipelines shall in principle not be below 1 m. However, crossing or proximity over
a small length can be allowed if necessary. The crossing or proximity shall be outside narrow or poorly
ventilated sleeves, and the fuel pipeline shall always be at a distance of at least 30 mm from the oxygen
pipeline, in the conditions set by the state of the art. "
Regarding the spacing with electrical networks, subclause 11.1.4 in NF EN ISO 7396-1 shall be complied
with. This recommendation does not concern low-voltage networks. If all of the above conditions cannot
be met, the pipeline shall be placed under a continuous sheath providing the same safety level.
6.5 Vacuum system design
It is to be noted that subclause 5.7.3 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 states that: "Where the supply system
for vacuum consists of more than three pumps, which can be switched between the different sources of
supply to provide adequate capacity, these shall be arranged so that during maintenance on any pump or
system component and during a subsequent single fault condition of any component of the system (e.g.
control system), the remaining pumps and components shall be capable of supplying the system design
flow to ensure continuity of supply".
The architecture and control of such a system shall be validated by a risk analysis. There should only be
one pump control system.
Moreover, when an installation includes several vacuum pumps installed in different rooms, a pipeline with
a diameter sufficient to meet the whole design flow of the installation shall link all production sources of
supply together.
6.6 Loop design
The loop pipelines shall make it possible to meet all design requirements of all the facilities connected to
the loop.
In order to avoid any risk in operation, the loops in the medical gas and vacuum pipeline distribution
systems can be limited to loops at the foot and/or top of risers.
However, if the healthcare facility and/or the designer wish to install other loops, these shall imperatively
be validated by the local commission for the monitoring of medical gases.
7 Colour coding
In the past, the colour code for vacuum was green. Since 1998, the vacuum identification colour according
to standard NF EN ISO 5359 is yellow.
In the case of extension or renovation of a pipeline system, it is advisable to switch to yellow for the whole
medical area pipeline distribution system.
16
FD S 90-155
8 Tests
8.1 Testing of medical vacuum pipeline distribution systems
Regarding the testing of the mechanical integrity of the vacuum pipeline distribution systems under a 5 bar
pressure, tanks and pressure-sensitive technical devices (sensors, vaccuostats, containers, etc.) should not
be subjected to this test.
Regarding the performance test, the verification by theoretical calculations from this document is
considered to be sufficient, in accordance with subclause 12.6.6 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1.
8.2 Fluid non-cross-connection and identification tests
To comply with C.3.3 "cross-connection test" and 12.6.16 "test of gas identity" in standard NF EN ISO 7396-
1, the manufacturer should use the test method in circular 146 of 1966 (for non-cross-connection) which
starts with an initial test on the absence of gas on all the terminal units of the sector to be acceptance-tested,
with all the gas pipeline distribution system supplies cut off. This is to ensure that no terminal unit is
releasing gas.
One single pipeline distribution system, e.g. oxygen, is then opened. We check that pressure is present on
oxygen terminal units only, and is absent from all other terminal units. The positive identification of the
gas with analysis of the oxygen percentage on the terminal unit which is closest to, and the one that is
furthest away from, the pipeline(s) located after the area valve shall be performed using either a device of
the paramagnetic type (see European Pharmacopoeia) or of the electro-chemical type (after calibration on
that same day on a medicinal oxygen cylinder) for oxygen and air. For safety reasons, the flame test shall
no longer be used.
After this, the same procedure is followed for gas terminal units (from the most oxidizing to the least
oxidizing): nitrous oxide, then air, then carbon dioxide if need be.
If at least two non-oxygenated gases (nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen) are routed into the same
sector, the test on the absence of oxygen shall be completed by another discriminating test.
On acceptance (known as "pharmaceutical") by the establishment in accordance with the circular dated
10 October 1985, the pharmacist of the establishment and the other members designated by the local
commission for the monitoring of medical gases should also conduct identification tests on their own,
whether in the presence of the manufacturer or not. The technical means used for identification can be
those described above, or those in the European Pharmacopoeia, e.g. the flame test (reddish fumes) for
nitrous oxide in the absence of an infrared analyser and appearance of a white precipitate with lime water
for carbon dioxide. Corresponding tests by colorimetric tubes are possible.
17
FD S 90-155
9 Redundancy of pressure regulators

9.1 General
Subclause 7.4.1 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 imposes a redundancy of line pressure regulators according
to two alternative possibilities described in A.29 and A.30. The solution selected shall be compatible with
fire regulations (Articles U); in particular, there shall be only one isolating valve upstream from the
pressure regulators:
a) in the case of solution A.29, one of the pressure regulators should normally be closed to avoid a
simultaneous failure of both pressure regulators;
b) in the case of solution A.30, the cylinder pressure regulator (ID 18 in NF EN ISO 7396-1) can be closed,
except for supply to areas housing highly dependent patients.
9.2 Critical care areas
Standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 in 4.4.1 specifies that at the design stage, or at the time when the work schedule
is being draw up, the supply requirements of highly dependent patients shall be taken into account.
In France, provisions for supply and care continuity are recorded in the following texts:
a) 24 h/24 h operation;
Decrees in the Public Health Code (Journal Officiel dated 20 July 2005):
 D 6124-1 to 26 (emergency transport);
 D 6124-27 to 34 (resuscitation);
 D 6124-104 to 118 (resuscitation);
b) Decree dated 7 January 1993 (Journal Officiel dated 15 January 1993) for anaesthesia and day surgery;
c) Decree dated 3 October 1995 (Journal Officiel dated 13 October 1995) for anaesthesia.
These provisions (decrees of 1993 and 1995) led to the installation of local back-up devices as per drawing
A 30 for highly dependent patients as defined in subclause 3.22 of standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 (see type D
and E beds and the operating theatre in Table 1B), making it possible to meet the requirements in 7.4.1 in
NF EN ISO 7396-1. These devices are taken into account in the fire regulations (Article U 54).
An emergency procedure and training of the personnel shall be associated with the installation of these
devices.
10 Sources of supply
10.1 Sources of supply of compressed medical gases
For the dimensioning of compressed gas sources of supply, subclause 5.2.1 in NF EN ISO 7396-1 should be
referred to. REMINDER: The purpose of Tables 1 and 1B is to dimension the compressed gas pipeline
distribution systems only.
18
FD S 90-155
In accordance with subclauses 6.4 g) and 6.6 e) of NF EN ISO 7396-1, the measurement of the CO
level is not limited to the technology imposed by the European Pharmacopoeia. Any other means of
measurement is considered compliant if it can detect the operating alarm threshold of 10 ppm and
the emergency clinical alarm threshold of 25 ppm.
The recommendations provided for in 5.2.5 d) of NF EN ISO 7396-1 do not apply to the compressed medical
gas units if the room is equipped with a fire detection system.
Subclause 5.8.2 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 provides for the fitting of an oxygen concentration detector
for units installed inside a building. This does not apply to vacuum and medical air units. For CO 2 units, in
addition to the monitoring of the oxygen level, the C02 level for personnel safety should also be monitored.
In this case, the alarm threshold is located at a 1.5% level of CO2, with evacuation beyond this threshold in
ambient air. The sensor(s) should be installed at a height of 1.00 m for oxygen sensors, and 0.5 m for CO2
sensors. A sound and visual alarm (Rotating light or Flash) shall be installed at the outside entrance into
the room.
In addition to these provisions, information on the risks (hypoxia, anoxia, etc.) shall be displayed on the
outside of the access door to the room.
10.2 Medical vacuum supply sources of supply
The recommendations provided for in 5.2.5 d) of NF EN ISO 7396-1 do not apply to the medical vacuum
units if the room is equipped with a fire detection system.
To dimension the medical vacuum sources of supply, a coefficient should be applied to the theoretical flow
rate obtained with the tables and formulas in clauses 5 and 6.
This coefficient is obtained based on the law on ideal gases:
Pterminal units  Qterminal units = Pmin. pipeline distribution system  Qvacuum unit
where
Pterminal units is the atmospheric pressure = 1013 mbar absolute;
Pmin. pipeline distribution system is equal to 600 mbar absolute (- 400 mbar relative).
As a result:
Qvacuum unit = Qterminal units  Pterminal units / Pmin. pipeline distribution system = Qterminal units  1013/600 = 1.688  Qterminal units =
1.69  Qterminal units
NOTE The pressure values used in the above formula are given in absolute pressure.
A coefficient of 1.69 should be applied to calculate the vacuum source of supply. Therefore, the flow rate of
each vacuum source of supply shall be 1.69 times greater than the one calculated to dimension the vacuum
pipeline distribution system in Tables 1 and 1B in this document.
10.3 Local back-up sources of supply
For oxygen, medicinal air and vacuum, back-up devices are used to supply highly dependent patients as
defined in subclause 3.22 in standard NF EN ISO 7396-1 (see type D and E and operating theatre beds) in a
degraded operation mode as defined in the emergency procedures.
19
FD S 90-155
These emergency procedures, and not the data in Tables 1 and 1B in this document, shall define in
particular the reference flow rates and the percentage of use or diversity factor of each station.
Emergency devices shall have the capacity to produce a flow rate in the conditions provided for in the
emergency procedures.
An autonomy below 30 min does not seem reasonable (minimum time to repower the facility or resupply
the cabinet with gas).
Statutory provisions for fire prevention and safety (Article U 10 § 4) make the conditions for the
installation of emergency back-up devices mandatory. The order dated 10 December 2004 (Journal Officiel
dated 22 January 2005) amends the safety regulations against the risk of fire in public establishments, and
sets the new provisions relating to healthcare facilities (type U). The comments from the COPREC Fire
Safety Delegation (formerly CLOPSI) from April 2008 in the order dated 10 December 2004 specify their
conditions of application.
11 Local commission for the monitoring of medical gases and recommendations

for operation
The local commission for the monitoring of medical gases shall check, in particular:
 the design of the pipeline distribution system, and more particularly:
 the pipeline distribution system risk analysis (see Annex F in NF EN ISO 7396-1);
 the pipeline loop risk analysis;
 the remote alarm extension risk analysis (see Annex F in NF EN ISO 7396-1);
 the operational management of the pipeline distribution system (see Annex G in NF EN ISO 7396-1);
 the labelling of the pipeline distribution system, and of the vacuum pipeline distribution system in
particular, (pipelines and terminal units) due to the change in the colour coding, with switch from
green to yellow;
 the adjustment of the pressures of the whole existing and new medical gas pipeline distribution system
according to the pressures recommended in 6.2;
 the final acceptance, which is mandatory even for a minor extension;
 air use risk analysis for instrument drying (see § 5 in this document).
20
FD S 90-155
Annex A
Calculations of the diameters / pressure drop
PRESSURISED MEDICAL GASES
This annex is an integral part of this document.
The formula to be used is Formula F.1 described in Annex C:
QR
D  18,9* Formula F 1
vu * Pu
𝑄r flow rate measured at the reference temperature and pressure Nm3/h

(P.atm and 15°C)
𝑣u gas speed m/s
𝐷 inner diameter mm
𝑃u absolute operating pressure bar abs
Table A.2 below has been updated in accordance with the formula, and provides a first approach to the
maximum practical flow rate per diameter.
For pressurised medical gasses, the speed should be limited to 15 m/s in the primary and secondary
pipeline distribution systems.
21
FD S 90-155
Table A.1 — Maximum practical flow rate for pressurised gases

Maximum gas flow rate
Primary pipeline Primary pipeline Secondary pipeline
distribution Secondary pipeline distribution distribution
Inner pipeline
system distribution system system system
diameter
Pr = 9 bar relative Pr = 4 bar relative Pr = 9 bar relative Pr = 4 bar relative
(mm)
(Pu = 10 bar (Pu = 5 bar absolute) (Pu = 10 bar (Pu = 5 bar
absolute) (Nm3/h) absolute) absolute)
(Nm3/h) (NL/min) (NL/min)
8 — 13.5 — 224.5
10 42.0 21.1 700.8 350.8
12 60.5 30.3 1 009.1 505.2
14 82.4 41.3 1 373.5 687.7
16 107.6 53.9 1 794.0 898.2
18 136.2 68.2 2 270.5 1 136.7
20 168.2 84.2 2 803.1 1 403.4
26 284.2 4 737.3 —
30 378.4 — 6 307.0 —
40 672.7 — 11 212.5 —
50 1 051.2 — 17 519.5 —
60 1 513.7 — 25 228.0 —
70 2 060.3 — 34 338.1 —
80 2 691.0 — 44 849.8 —
90 3 405.8 — 56 763.0 —
100 4 204.7 — 70 077.8 —
NOTE 1 Pr = relative pressure.
NOTE 2 The pipeline distribution systems are subject to EU Directive 97/23/EC on pressurised equipment.
Beyond the 20/22 diameter, the impacts of this Directive shall be checked at the design stage.
22
FD S 90-155
Annex B
Calculations of the diameters / pressure drop
MEDICAL VACUUM
This annex is an integral part of this document.
B.1 Pre-selection of the vacuum pipeline diameter

Pre-selection of the diameter so as not to exceed a speed of 25 m/s and for an absolute pressure
of -500 mbar relative (Pu = 50 kPa).
Based on Formula F.1, the pre-selections of the diameters are determined according to the maximum
acceptable flow rate:
Table B.1
inner diameter Ø (mm) 10 12 14 16
Maximum flow rate (Nl/min) 58 Nl/min 84 Nl/min 114 Nl/min 149 Nl/min
Maximum flow rate (Nm3/h) 3.50 Nm3/h 5.04 Nm3/h 6.86 Nm3/h 8.96 Nm3/h

Maximum flow rate (Nl/min) 189 Nl/min 233 Nl/min 394 Nl/min 525 Nl/min

Maximum flow rate (Nl/min) 933 Nl/min 1,458 Nl/min 2,100 Nl/min 2,858 Nl/min
inner diameter Ø (mm) 80 90 99.4 120

Maximum flow rate (Nl/min) 3,733 Nl/min 4,724 Nl/min 5,762 Nl/min 8,398 Nl/min
inner diameter Ø (mm) 134.4 153.6 180.8

Maximum flow rate (Nl/min) 10,535 Nl/min 13,760 Nl/min 19,065 Nl/min
Maximum flow rate (Nm3/h) 632.10 Nm3/h 825.60 Nm3/h 1,143.89 Nm3/h
NOTE 1 With respect to the vacuum, for the supply to the terminal units, experience shows that a tube with an
inner diameter smaller than 10 mm shall not be used. Tubes with an inner diameter of 8 mm can be used for the
terminal part over a length which cannot exceed 50 cm.
23
FD S 90-155
NOTE 2 With respect to the vacuum, for the circulation-corridor pipeline distribution system part, experience
shows that an inner diameter smaller than 12 mm shall not be used.
After pre-selection of the inner diameter as per subclause 6.4.2, it shall be checked that the criteria imposed
in paragraph 6.4.3.2 are complied with.
In order to calculate the pressure drop of each section, the following should be used: either the formulas
in Annex C, or Table No B.2.
24
FD S 90-155
Table B.2
25
FD S 90-155
26
FD S 90-155
B.2 Examples of applications

Example of dimensioning of a medical vacuum pipeline distribution system
The aim is to determine the sufficient diameters for complying with a maximum pressure drop of 100 mbar
between points A and C and a maximum of 250 mbar between points A and I and between points F and I (in
accordance with the requirements given in paragraph 6.4.3.2).
B.2.1 Calculation of the diameters of the pipeline of the secondary pipeline distribution system in the type C
surgery department (20 beds) AC section and in the type B medical department (22 beds) FH section.
 SURGERY DEPARTMENT
 Diameter of the AB section (room antenna)
Starting from the most remote room (point A), the flow rate in the room is:
2 x 24 NL/min = 48 NL/min. Table 3 gives a diameter DN10.
Determine the pressure drop of the antenna (between points A and B) over a length of 8 m.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 10 at this flow rate is 4.654 mbar per meter, i.e. for the AB
section: 4.654 mbar x 8 m = a pressure drop of 37.23 mbar.
 Diameter of the BC section (secondary circulation)
The flow rate in the department is 20 beds x 2 x 24 NL/min x 20 %= 192 NL/min. Table B.1 gives a diameter
DN20.
Determine the pressure drop in the circulation (between points B and C) over a length of 30 m.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 20 at this flow rate is 1.957 mbar per meter, i.e. for the BC
 Diameter of the AC section
The pressure drop between A and C is therefore 37.23 mbar + 58.71 mbar = 95.94 mbar ≤ 100 mbar. The
DN20 diameter is compliant with paragraph 6.4.3.2.
The diameters determined are therefore DN10 for the antennas (AB) and DN20 for the circulation (BC).
27
FD S 90-155
 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT
 Diameter of the FG section (room antenna)
Starting from the most remote room (point F), the flow rate in the room is:
1 x 24 NL/min = 24 NL/min. Table B.1 gives a diameter DN10.
Determine the pressure drop of the antenna (between points E and F) over a length of 7 m.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 10 at this flow rate is 1.384 mbar per meter, i.e. for the FG
 Diameter of the GH section (secondary circulation)
The flow rate in the department is 22 beds x 1 x 24 NL/min x 15 %= 79.20 NL/min. Table B.1 gives a diameter
DN12.
Determine the pressure drop in the circulation (between points G and H) over a length of 35 m.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 12 at this flow rate is 5.212 mbar per meter, i.e. for the GH
The total for the FH section is therefore 9.69 + 182.42 = 192.11 mbar >100 mb.
A DN12 diameter does not enable compliance with paragraph 6.4.3.2; the diameter shall therefore be
increased. We will change to DN16.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 16 at this flow rate is 1.329 mbar per meter, i.e. for the GH
The total pressure drop in the FH section is therefore 9.69 + 46.52 = 55.21 mbar ≤100mbar.
 Diameter of the FH section
The diameters determined are therefore DN10 for the antennas (FG) and DN16 for the circulation (GH).
B.2.2 Calculation of the diameters of the primary pipeline distribution system
 Determination of the initial diameter of the DI section riser
The riser shall have a constant diameter over its whole length in accordance with subclause 6.4.2. To this end,
we take the combined surgery and medical department flow rates into account, i.e. 192 NL/min +
79.20 NL/min = 271.20 NL/min. Table B.1 gives a diameter DN26.
We will now calculate the pressure drops of the primary pipeline distribution system
 CD section
At point D, the flow rate is that of the surgery department as calculated above, i.e. 192 NL/min. In the
continuity of the diameter of the secondary circulation, we shall use DN20.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 20 at this flow rate is 1.957 mbar per meter, i.e. for the CD
28
FD S 90-155
 DE section
At point E, the flow rate is that of the surgery department as calculated above, i.e. 192 NL/min. In the continuity
of the diameter of the riser, we shall use DN26.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 26 at this flow rate is 0.5637 mbar per meter, i.e. for the DE
The pressure drop in the AE section is therefore 37.23 + 58.71 + 39.14 + 2.25 = 137.33 mbar.
 HE section
At point H, the flow rate is that of the medical department as calculated above, i.e. 79.20 NL/min. In the
continuity of the diameter of the secondary circulation, we shall use DN16.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 16 at this flow rate is 1.329 mbar per meter, i.e. for the HE
section: 1.329mbar x 30 m = a pressure drop of 39.87 mbar
The pressure drop from point F to E is therefore 9.69 + 46.52 + 39.87 = 96.08 mbar
 EI section
The flow rate at point E is the sum of the flow rates of the two departments connected at this point, i.e.:
192 NL/min + 79.20 NL/min = 271.20 NL/min. Table 3 gives a diameter DN26.
Determine the pressure drop in the section (between points E and I) over a length of 40 m.
According to Table B.2, the pressure drop for a DN 26 at this flow rate is 1.144 mbar per meter, i.e. for the HI
section: 1.144 mbar x 40 m = 45.76 mbar.
The pressure drop in the AI section is therefore the sum of the pressure drops in AE and EI:
 i.e. 137.33 mbar + 45.76 mbar = 183.09 mbar ≤ 250mbar.
The pressure drop in the FI section is therefore the sum of the pressure drops in FE and EI:
 i.e. 96.08 mbar + 45.76 mbar = 141.84 mbar ≤ 250mbar.
 Conclusion
The diameter determined is therefore DN26 for the EI section.
29
FD S 90-155
Annex C
Calculation formulas
]!!!
C.1 Origin of the "diameter calculation" formula

The formula given in the documentation for the calculation of the diameter is:
Qr
vu * Pu
𝑄r flow rate measured at the reference temperature and pressure (P.atm and 15°C) Nm3/h
𝑣u gas speed m/s
𝐷 inner diameter mm
From the ideal gas law:
Under reference conditions: 𝑃r 𝑄r = 𝑛 𝑅 𝑇r
Under operating conditions: 𝑃u 𝑄u = 𝑛 𝑅 𝑇u
𝑛 and 𝑅 being constant under both conditions, the formula linking the "speed – flow rate – diameter" is as
follows:
Pr Qr Tr

Pu Qu Tu
𝑇r absolute reference temperature = 288°K (15°C) °C
𝑃r absolute reference pressure = 1.013 bar bar abs
𝑄r flow rate measured at the reference temperature 𝑇r and at the reference pressure 𝑃r Nm³/h
𝑇u absolute operating temperature = 288°K (15°C) °C
 D2
𝑄u Qu  * vu *3 600  flow rate under operating conditions m³/h
4
𝐷 inner pipeline diameter mm
𝑣u gas speed under operating conditions m/s
30
FD S 90-155
Tu Pr 1.013
Qu  Qr * *  Qr *
Tr Pu Pu
 D2 1.013
*106 * vu *3600  Qr *
4 Pu
4 *1.013 Qr Qr
D2  *  358.27 *
 *106 *3600 vu * Pu vu * Pu
Hence the formula used:
Qr
vu * Pu
C.2 Hypotheses used

Medical gases are considered to be similar to compressible ideal gases. The flow is turbulent.
A compressible fluid is characterised by its volume, its density and its viscosity.
All these parameters vary considerably according to the pressure.
Reference temperature: 15 °C
Relative Pressure Absolute Pressure Density (kg/ m3) Dynamic viscosity Kinematic
(bar) (bar) (kg/ms * 10 6) viscosity
(m²/s * 10 6)
-0.500 0.500 0.604 17.95 29.68
0 1.013 1.225 17.95 14.65
C.3 Pressure drop calculation formulas

Darcy-Weisbach general formula (COMPRESSIBLE ideal gas):
 *V 2 * L
P   * Formula F 3
2* D
𝑃 Pressure drop Pa
 Pressure drop coefficient -
 [rho] gas density at the operating pressure kg/m³
V gas speed m/s
D inner diameter mm
L total length of the calculated pipeline distribution system (linear and equivalent length) m
31
FD S 90-155
Pcalc
For dry air at 15°C:   1.225 *
1013
Pcalc calculated operating pressure (absolute) m
v*D
Reynolds number: Re  Formula F 4
v
Re -
V gas speed m/s
 [nu] kinematic viscosity m² s-1
For air: 𝜈 = 14.65 ∗ 10−6 𝑚². 𝑠 −1 at 15°C under atmospheric pressure.
It is inversely proportional to the pressure.
1013
v  14,65 106 
Pcalc
Pcalc calculated operating pressure (absolute) mbar abs
Calculation of the pressure drop coefficient 𝝀:
For a compressible ideal gas
 Blasius' formula: 3000 < Re < 105 Formula F 5
  = 0.36 * Re-0,25
 Hermann's formula: 105 < 𝑅𝑒 < 2. 106 Formula F 6
  = 0.0054 + 0.395 * Re-0,3
32
FD S 90-155
Bibliography
[1] NF EN ISO 7396-2:2008, Medical gas pipeline systems — Part 2: Anaesthetic gas scavenging disposal
systems (classification index: S 95-155-2) (Replaces NF EN 737-2:1998)
[2] NF EN ISO 9170-2:2008, Terminal units for medical gas pipeline systems — Part 2: Terminal units for
anaesthetic gas scavenging systems (classification index: S 95-162-2). (Replaces NF EN 737-4:1998)
[3] Decree dated 25 April 2000 (Journal Officiel dated 16 June 2000) relating to pre-labour and labour
rooms, to medical devices and to the examinations conducted in neonatology and neonatal
resuscitation
[4] Decree dated 25 April 2005 relating to the rooms, technical equipment and medical devices in
healthcare facilities performing the "treatment of chronic renal failure by dialysis" activity
[5] Decree dated 10 March 1997 relating to the general requirements applicable to installations classified
for the protection of the environment subject to declaration under section 1220 (Oxygen use and
storage)
[6] Circular DH/5D/No 335 dated 3 May 1990 relating to the accessibility of the shut-off valves on non-
flammable medical gas pipeline systems
[7] Council Directive 93/42/EEC, dated 14 June 1993, concerning medical devices (transcribed in Book
V B of the Public Health Code), amended by Directive 2007/47/EC of the European Parliament and
Council dated 5 September 2007
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Classification index: S 90-155

Fibre optic communication subsystem test procedures — Part

English Version FD S 90-155:2016

© AFNOR — All rights reserved Version of 2016-05-P

NF EN ISO 11197, Medical supply units (classification index: S 95-164)

 D 6124-1 to 26 (emergency transport)

 D 6124-104 to 118 (resuscitation)

3 Terms, definitions and symbols

The symbols below should be used for medical system drawings:

Figure 1 — Symbols and keys for medical fluid system drawing

5 Number of terminal units and flow rates

- Usage réservé à 1 utilisateur

Type A station or bed 1 10 10 1 1 30 10 3 1 24 5 1.2 See NOTES 1 and 5

Type B station or bed 1 10 20 2 1 30 10 3 1 24 15 3.6 See NOTES 2, 4 and 5

Type C station or bed 1 10 20 2 1 15 20 3 2 24 20 9.6 See NOTES 3, 4 and 5

Patient awaiting radiology Burn victim bed

- Usage réservé à 1 utilisateur

Multipurpose room, orthopaedics room, 2 20 50 20 1 10 100 10 2 15 50 15 3 24 73 52.5

Cardiac surgery room, vascular surgery and 3 20 100 60 1 10 100 10 2 15 50 15 3 24 73 52.5

Induction station 1 20 50 10 1 10 100 10 1 15 50 7.5 2 24 10 4.8

Labour, pre-labour, delivery room 2 10 50 10 0 1 10 20 2 3 24 15 10.8

Baby, postnatal, incubator room 1 10 10 1 0 1 10 10 1 2 24 10 4.8

Washroom, decontamination room and 0 0 0 0

- Usage réservé à 1 utilisateur

6 Other elements for the construction rules

6.2 Nominal pressure adjustment

 4.8 bar for oxygen;

 4.5 bar for medicinal air;

 4.2 bar for nitrous oxide;

 8 bar for air for surgical tools;

 4.8 bar for medicinal air;

 4.5 bar for oxygen;

6.3 Flow rates

This offers two advantages:

 decrease in the pressure drops on line;

6.4.3 Pressure drop

6.4.3.1 Pressure drop for medical gas pipelines distribution system

6.4.3.2 Pressure drop for vacuum networks

Figure 2 — Schematic diagram for calculation of vacuum pressure drops

6.4.3.3 Notion of pressure drop and equivalent lengths

 5 % for inner   26;

 10 % for inner  > 26;

6.4.4 Recommendations concerning the tubes

6.5 Vacuum system design

6.6 Loop design

8.2 Fluid non-cross-connection and identification tests

9 Redundancy of pressure regulators

9.2 Critical care areas

 D 6124-1 to 26 (emergency transport);

 D 6124-104 to 118 (resuscitation);

10.2 Medical vacuum supply sources of supply

This coefficient is obtained based on the law on ideal gases:

Pterminal units is the atmospheric pressure = 1013 mbar absolute;

10.3 Local back-up sources of supply

11 Local commission for the monitoring of medical gases and recommendations

 the design of the pipeline distribution system, and more particularly:

 the pipeline loop risk analysis;

 the final acceptance, which is mandatory even for a minor extension;

Calculations of the diameters / pressure drop

PRESSURISED MEDICAL GASES