i vx (VP]x)

i vxS +J
|h E{x
..Ei nME (I.A.S)
J EE +vE,V.{.VM

MnE
..V.{] IhvE (|l.)
V.{.VM

nEh
.+E -b (+) vhM
.+.. (Jv{E) Ci<xM
.n{ {],IE VM
.E {],IE Bb
.x Vv,IE,{
 i vx (VP]x) xi |G
i vx i Eh` P]xE b..+.+bEx
iS P]x iS +x Cix EhEhi nix V M
S i h MVS +.
vx S E 2 11 x +h 17 n {i S. ix
i VP]x ii 12 V {xS i Z. Evi
vx S 11 j 165 `E {z Zi. 22 x 1949 {i
vx 63,96,729 { JS Z i. vx xh |GS nE
nPix 53 V nEx +Ex E. vx iI Eh
n.25 Vx 1950 V vxS ix |i S {] `hi
+. BE <OV |i iJi SjES EEix +Ei E
i. BE <OV U{ |i i iS BE n iJ |i i. S
+vIx nx xi E E ix ix |i E.
 i VP]xS xi |G
jj Vxi iinx 389 nS BE P]x i xh
Z. P]xiv {f ix |ES |ixv i. ] |iS 292,
J ExS |iS 43,lxES 93,V 1946 v P]x iS
nS xbhE Z. 25 V 1946 xbhES xE V
Z. BEh VM 296 <iC i. i{E EO {I 212,
M 73 +h <i {Ix 11 VM . lx` + 93
VM` xbhE Z xi iS |ixv xCi Z. Mx
P]x i E ]E.
 P]x i {.x,b.Vp |n,< {],b.vEhx,x
+Zn,BE M{ +M,].].EhS,E.BE.x,{bi Mn
{i,V..E{x,.V.J, VM{S,.V|E Ci +. P]x
ii J n EO {IS i. i bb E] bxS xi
b..+.+bE, MS xi n n,n S xi |n
JV,iS Vx xb,VI {bi,M Jn,nM< nJ,
i +h hE |li nS P]x ii i.
Ji VMi i ` VP]x ` +. i VP]xi 22
|Eh,395 E +h 8 {] i. +V i VP]xi 24 |Eh 459
E +h 12 {] +i.
 E
Ex hV E - + Ex x E ES J +l{h +.
Democracy is the government of the people, by the people and for the people
E x ES, Ex S +h E`S x +i.
OE xMV ES MMj .
E = ij + E + v
E +h ij {S n +i.
E hV ij + |ES vx b. +i x x E +.
Development as freedom xS Ol ix +.
ij hV E +h E hV ij + hi <
ij x v ES +i.
Ev E Ci,ECi,+MCi, YxCi +ii +h + {Vi.
Ih Ex >V {i E E >V {ii.
E Six |{i i i Y E E{x
x :- i ES { i x +. i vxi
x +h VE x nxS +E Z +. +xSi Vi
Vix +Ih nhi + +i VE xS E{x ii |l
Mi nvx b. i |l{i Eh i { i. VE x
+{ vxi |S |hi |ii Z +.

ij :- ij i ES n i +. ij
i ES |h +i. +{ VP]xx xMEx S
+Ci,,vn ={xS ij n +. P]xi i +vE
ijS v { +i . P]xi 19 E io]x +i iS
+. ij J i ES {E +.
i :- i ES i i hV i. ES
+i hV i. i Vi Vi ix xh i. i x
BES xhS nx V +i. Mx x v,x nV,x MhE
nh hV x. MS xME En x +ii. iS Mi
Vi,v,{l,,h,M <.n Ei E xi.

v :- i ESSl i hV v. <iS
+{Eix,Vix,viS x xh i. v Enx xh
Ei i x. v Cix ni i x. v hS
nxiix xh i.nxiix j xh i. v BE
x (EMOTION) +.xMES xE (Emotional Quotient) f
i vS {i xSiS f. xMES nvE (IQ), iS
xE(EQ) IhS vix fi i. i iS Vb .
b.+bEx ] +, If democracy dies it will be our doom
E { E, x ES Vx =vni <. ES
i hV x ES i !
x :- VE,+lE VxiE. xMEi Vi,v, M x
n x.
ij :-S,+Ci,,vn +h ={x S
i :- nV v ii, En xME x +ii.
vi :- CiS |i` ]S BEi +h BEii Jh.
 :- i Ehi n +x x E <i nS
i x i BE ij ] + + nix Si i.
] +x i n- nS Ij +vMi E Ei E
+{ Ij n- n n Ei. iS Ci ] PS
ni iS i Ehi n i x.
Vn :- E Vn |hv +ll +i.
+h VxE Ij JVM Ij S +ii +i. SS
xx ]|h E Vn |h np,+Yx,+xM
+h vi +xi n Ei. hV iS Vn |h
=i{nx vxS ih lS ]Eh Eh JVM
k q Eh n,Vn |h E ] Vn
|h xx E Vn |h +.
|VkE :- |VkE Yi +vE VxiEb +.i
VxE {n Ehi n x Ei xME` J +.
|VkE {vniv ]|J x {S x |iI E
+|iIi xb Vi.
x :- x Yi ix |E +i. VE,+lE
VE.VE x hV Vi,h,,v,M <.n P]E +vi
Ehi VE n x Ei xMEx x MhE n
Vh. +lE x hV +lE P]ES +v Ev n x
Eh . v {k,=i{z k Si `E{h nx h
i n Eh +ii +. VE x hV xMEx x
VE +vE, VE {n` x v +h E v +{
i Ci EhS x v .
 ijS CE
ijS CE (Right to Freedom) E Vx
{vniS +i +.x VxS i BE |vx +. CiS
CiiS E` +h iM VEh vh`
ijS +Ei +i. P]xS 19 Ev xM
iji + iS CES =J +.
 xMEx J CE i + P]xS
E 19 v xn Ehi + +.
1) h +h +Ci ij
2) ii{E +h x:j h.
3) l +h P]x l{x Eh.
4) i |ni E` Ci{h S Eh.
5) i |ni E` h +l E i Eh.
6) k h,vh Eh,+l Eh .
7) Ehi ,vn +M { Eh.

ij hV S x Ex vx ij +l x.
 i VP]xS i ]
1) VxiS ii +vi P]x :-
i vxS i iS |l ] hV VP]x Vxix
E +. iS +v Ci Vxi +.P]xS |ix i. S+,
iS BE E MhV xh EhS |iY{E `x ----- x
1949 S x xS 26 iJ P]x x Ei +i.

2) xi,Ji,{E VP]x :-
iS VP]x {E ii + V P]xi 395 E i. +V
ES +i. E {iEi i P]xi 459 E +S +. i
+vE,MnE ii,P]E VS i P]x {E ii Z +.
3) ,EijE MhV :- - ii S k +i iS
x i iiS +. +iMi o]Exix i Vxi,
Vx,{h, +i E iSS {h +vE +. EijE -
i EijE,|VkE,E V +i S +l ii k VxiS
ii +. MhV :- i V P]xi MhV n +. nS +
+ + E, ii xS |J xCi x i Vxi i xSi +.
Vxix xSxu xb ]{i +.
4) {of {ixiS x :- i VP]xS E M nh`
E,VS nx ii i +v{I +vE P]E VS vxS
xi +E +. + |ES i h VES +i. +lx i
VP]x {of +. j i VP]xS E M +Mn v ix
nJ ni i. =n.E 2,3,4 169 S ni v En|h hV
nx MS v ix ni i.lbCi i VP]x +i: {of
+i: {ix +.
5) vx{I V :- i vE V x iS i vv V x.i
vE EhiS S{x of +. vS ii i]l +.

6) BEi PV :- i P]xS { Ei ] + E, i BE P
+li i VS BEP +. + |E i P]xx PV
nS |M x Ei PVS l{x E +. l {i ii PV
+. ii BE xMEi +. ii PV {vniS +. {h iS E
BEi {vniEb +.

7) n x{vni :- n x{vnii nx |J +ii BE ]{i

n {i|vx jb i P]xiE |J ]{i xv +i.n
E{E Vn +i.
8) i +vE i Ei :- i +vE xMEx n +i i
x nJ vh lii x P Ei x. E vx +i i
|ES +i. Ei 1976 v 42 P]x nix 11 i EiS
Ehi + +.

9) ij x{E :- ij x{E ES S { +] +. P]xx

PVS { E `hS Vn x{E { +.

10) ij +M :- ij xSx +M,xjE {J {IE,E

+M <.

11) nS `i xS +vES x :- i SS
x nJ P]x Mi +h En P]x Pi E Ei. +
|E nS iS xx `iS x i P]xi +.
12) jE |f ivE :- +i ivE h` S n 18
+.
13) BE xMEi :- i P]xEx n xMEiS S E
x.P]xEx nS BEi i n.
14) +{JE MM` l :- i P]xS ]
hV +{JE` E iin,+{JES vE,EiE
` iS iS Vx VMhS {{E iS iS Ih E +.
15) VE Ii` iin :- E 17 x +{i {i Ehi
+ +. +{i Mx `hi + +.
16) +hhS iin :- E 352 x ] +hh ] Vi,E
356 x Vi +hh Pi E Vi,E 360 x +lE +hh
Pi Ei i.
17) ]S iin :- i P]xx n nxM { ]S lx
n +. n S +i <OV nJ +xSi E` Ei h V
nh + +.
18) xx {xEx :- Ep E VS |Jx Ef +n V
VP]x Mi + E i +vE +iGh i + i i
+n x P]x ` Ei.
19) i SE] :- i SE] hV i P]xS M V ni i
x. Exn i J]i SS xx 24 B| 1973 v {] E
i E, i n E 368 Ex i P]xi n E Ei. {h
i SE] x] E Ei x.
20) Vn :- n =q {jEi 42 P]x nix ] Ehi
+ +.
21) EhE V :- i P]xi MnE iiS MnE { nJi
E, P]xS =q EhE V xh Eh +. Eh MnE ii
V V i` +xE EiE M] E Mi +.
 i{h iJ
P]x i xbhE :- 1946 P]x i { `E :- 9 b 1946

P]xS Ei :- 26 x 1949 P]xS + :- 26 Vx 1950

]vV xi :- 22 V 1947 ]Mi xi :- 24 Vx 1950

{ jE xbhE :- 1952 { k +M :- 1951

Vx +MS l{x :- 15 S 1950 {Si V :- 2 +C] 1959

n +vx :- 1955 xV Ih +vx :- 1972

x Ih +vx :- 1980 {h Ih +vx :- 1986

V |nh S xjh +vx :- 1974 |nh S xjh +vx :- 1981

V xv x +vx :- 1986 73 P]x ni :- 24 B| 1993

 iS xSx
]vV :- P]x ix 22 V 1947 i E
Sx :- M E,v {f iS Mbn +
ix MS i +b {^ +i.{f- MS {^ 24
+-S x MS SG. SG xl l +E SGx
J] +.
|h :- nS |h 3 : 2 +
]Sx :- xl l +E i S iS ]Sx +. 26
Vx 1950 E.
]Mi :- Vh-Mh-h ]Mi hx 24 Vx 1950 V E.
o]I{i VP]xi M,BEh E
M ] E
BE P +h ii |n 1 i 4
nx xMEi 5 i 11
ix i CE 12 i 35
S V vhS MnE ii 36 i 51
S + i Ei 51 +
{S Ep E 52 i 151
V E 152 i 237
+` Epi |n 239 i 242
x> {Si 243 i 243 +
n +xSi +h +n Ij 244 i 244 +
M ] E
+E Ep +h P]E Vi v 245 i 263
k,k,E +h n 264 i 300 +
i {,=n,+h iS |ni nhh 301 i 307
Sn Ep +h ViMi 308 i 323
Sn + xx (]x) 323 + i 323
{v xbhE 324 i 329 +
+xSi Vi,Vi,<i M M +h +Mi`
330 i 342
iin
i Ex
+` +hh E iin 343 i 351
BEh Eh 352 i 360
P]x ni 361 i 367
BE ii{i,Gh +h iin 368
PE,+,ni +vEi i +h q Eh. 369 i 392
 {] (BEh - 12)
{]
1 ii V PV |n
2 ]{i S xS xv <.S ix
3 {nOh M Ei PS {l E n
4 l V PV |nx Vi nS |ixvi
+xSi M Vi S |x xjh E (+,P
5
Mx)
6 +,P,Z i +n Mi |xS
7 EnS,VS i Si
8 BEh 22 xn E +i
9 En x E iin
10 {Ii VE {Ii ] M ni iin
11 {SiS +Jii
12 xM {E,xM {n
 xMES i Ei
1) |iE xMEx vxS {x E. vxi +nS,]vV
]MiS +n E.

2) ijS S |h nh- +nS {x E.

3) nS i,BEi +Jbi Ii `h` |ix +.

4) +{ nS Ih E,nS E.

5) |ES n x BE{ f viS x V{. jS

|i` E{h +hi + |lS iM E.
6) +{ EiS S Vix E.

7) xME {hS Vix E.V |ht nvn M.

8) YxE o],xin +h VYk +M M

9) VxE kS Vix E.S iM E.

10) nS =kk |Mi h` CiMi E Ei =SSiS {i

M`hS |ix E.

11) 6 i 14 M]i +{ {x {Ex IhS v ={v Ex

ni.( EiS 2002 Ehi +.)
 i P]xi i CE
P]xS i- Mi J|h i CE {] E +i.
P]xi E i CE
E 12 13 vh
E 14,15,16,17,18 iS CE
E 19,20,21,22 ijS CE
E 23,24 hvn nn Mh CE
E 25,26,27,28 vijS CE
E 29,30 EiE +h IhE CE
E 31,31 +,31 ,31 EkS CE
E 32,33,34,35 P]xiE IhS
 MnE ii i +vE v n
G. i CE G. MnE ii
1 Vl E `E M] Eh 1 E `E M] Ex Ei
{x J i + i xEiE + +Ei |i{nx Ei +x
+i. i EiE +i.

2 i x|] +i.hVS iS 2 x|] xi,hVS iS

=Px Z xEb nn =Px Z xEb nn Mi
Mi i. i x.
3 iv VE E |l{i 3 iv VE +h +lE
Eh, iS v +. E l{x Eh, iS v +.
4 i Eno] vxEE +i. 4 i xiE +h VEo] vxEE
+i.
 MnE ii i +vE v n
G. i CE G. MnE ii
5 iS +Vh` Ehi 5 iS +Vh` En E
En EhS +Ei xi. i Mi.iS +Vh +{+{ i
+{+{ +Vhi ii. x.
6 i CiS Eh Sx nii 6 i S Eh Sx
i i CiMi +i. nii,i i VJ +i
7 i CES =Px Eh 7 Ehi MnE iiS =Px
Ehi En P]xv +h +v Eh En P]xv +v
Pi EhS +vE xx +S x Pi E Ei
+.7 x.il{ MnE iiS
{hEi` E EnS vi
i O v Eii.