Adi Sankara

Chandogya Upanishad
Chapter 5
$* V` S ` S n V` S ` S i |h V` S ` S ** 1 **
(1) -- ix lHxnxi =S -- i , JixlE, {lM +{lCxiE xix u& +zil,
{SUziriii -- inx < Vixv&* ii lH& tvn& {l{nxi]E |nj |n& tvn&
{l{nxi& +vi i Yi <i |nj* Jn Ehkix i <i |nj&* tEn{lxi|n{h
|nj&* |Eh jh +nxi <i |n tEn ii{h& |nj&* Jxi i vnSE|i` <i |nj
E{xi* < i x il +|i&, 'i iix&' <it{i* |iMii +i%i Yi <ix& iiix
x -- zzi {h{{x{ Mi i < x&, x iii, x& |iMii |V xi
<i x& i{i &, %nx +zn E tEn i SS i xpxr, i
+iE{x{n&, |hxzk, xii x +zk* x l +Y& {hbjx& x <il&**

` n ` x i M `& ** 2 **
(2) -- En? k |Ei i +ix x v iV& SI{& |h& {lMii n& i &
{l {n* +l vliuSx -- { <i* +lnx xn Vx%Mxj {{nx + -- i x Ci& =
n&, +Exi* x &, t xihx oxi* n M{i&, nr x& |hixxi i;
+i%x{Sx%Mx& x&* + Jx < +x i%zzi** <i +]nJhb**

|i` n |i i`i# S E%# S SI |i` ** 3 **

(1) -- MiMx&* i ={l i, ix {jti{nx vi* n{xji v&, jn{xjh* xS&,
iii* nxi& Ei i%RM&, +Mxxvi* +xxn& J& RM&, Ipii**

{n n E& {txi n S x S j {i ** 4 **
(2) -- izizMx n i Vi* i +iM& ii* rzix{Gh +{ Mii&* ij
+{iii |vxI -- +{& {\Si {S xii* x i{ E& nExi* x S +{%jiEi&
xii* jiEii%{ Y o]& -- {l +{%Mxixixk&* iinix ixiEx
nEEh{ <iSxi* oi S p ]zin* p S t{ {l* ij {\Si i i{
+{ Mi&** <i +]Jhb**

+ix nix x i x +ix ** 5 **

1Introduction: 1'{\Si{&' <i |x& |lx{Gi, in{Ehx <i{EhxE ni* +Mxji& E
&, =H VxE -- i |i |x&* =iGxiiMi& |i` i{i& {xkE |iil <i* i S +{EhH ij -- 'i i
+i i =iGii +xiIii +xiIx Ei v S Ci i +xiI i{ii ii =iGi' <in;
{q i{ii ii +ii* < i{i {i&* ii& j E |iil i <i* ij +Mxji&
Ej|E iiH, < i i EMxj{{hIh {\Sv |V +Mxix{xkM|i{kvx vix
+ -- (1) -- + E MiMxin* < |iMxji i {+nvx r{&
+xMxrSRMRMi EjnEEi S +xiIGhiG tE |xi Ii +{in{nS
riiSS rnS* ivEh& +Mx& +xSS iixv nniSi* S +Mxnx +i&, { il xni* +
E%Mx& Mi -- lMxjvEhx <* iMxtEJ +ni i, ix <r& + E n{i, +i&
xvxi nni&* v&, inilxi; v v =k`i* +S& |Exi, +niEiSS* Sxp +RM&, +x&
|%H&; +S |%RM +Vxi* xIjh RM&, Sxp% < |Ehixi**

+l |h +# n% x xi ** 6 **

(2) -- izix lHIh%Mx n Vx|h +Mxn{ +vni* r +Mxji{hl{& I +{& ri&

r =Sxi, '{\Si{& {S xi' <i{ i |x iii; 'r +{& r |h |Sxi' <i S Yi*
i r +{ Vi' i +i& V +{ rnSx tEMx ix {h& V i -- l

Mnn{{
MnvE{xii +ni +nE in{Ihxi <iH -- il +Mxjix& I& rnS +{&
tEx| Sxp Exi {Mxji&* VxS iiEi +i +ixi +i{h Eh +E]&
r{x tEx| i xi* inl iMxj i* +j i +i{h {\SMxxvGh |vxx Ii
={xl x Vxx Mi&* i in vnGhkj Ii, n S =k tEi** <i SilJhb**

i |h& |V{i {iiSMxE x& ` <i ixS x =iGxi {{`i oi &

` <i ** 7 **
(1) -- +l =S <xptx -- Q{t E iix{ <in x* {lMi xx ix unn&
ix % {lMi &* ii {lMiix x{xi {lE xxnCE& i & jznIh & +xi +MSUxi*
{lOlh& l{RH%{ ixxi**

M\SCj i | {iS ElEii VVii l E +nxi& |hxi& |hx

{xi SI hxi& jh vxi xi | E ** 8 **
(2) -- +izin x* |hi +ix <i =S* |hi i =nGi =iGxi%i, x xM <i**

SI\SG iii | {iS ElEii VVii lxv +{xi& |hxi& |hx nxi S
hxi& jh vxi xi | SI& ** 9 **
(1) -- & ESi <n xnx lH +uxx +Mxj |r Vi, l +RMxiMx{xilx x Vi,
ioE ik i inMxjx i, xn& +Mxj{I -- <i |rMxjxxn xn%Mxj ii**

j \SG iii | {iS ElEii VVii l v +hxi& |hxi& |hx nxi

S {xi SI vxi xi | j ** 10 **
(2) -- +iS iu]Mxj* El? +l in ux +Mxj Vi, i lHxYxi& EitHl, i
+zk <ixElii**

x \SG iii | {iS ElEii VVii l +x& |hxi& nxi S

{xi SI hxi& jhi | x& ** 11 **
(3) -- ES itl <Ei +Mx |i |I{i |ni |ni I|, + n& ii zxk& x]& {{x&
vvJ& +xEVxSi& < S |MYxi{k& YxxS |nxi |nx ixE{{V; I |i Hi |kii
i x n&* in ux +Mxj Vi RH&**

+l |h =\SGx l & {bRExJnnix|hxJnk iSMzv i x&

`% iEi ** 12 **
(4) -- t{ Shb =SU]x =SU] nti |irSU]nx t{ Ei, +ix + Shbnl x iri i x
+vxk -- <i t ii* inixiil E& xj%{ i**

+l x MS n `% i iu`%il x SIS n |i` i ii|i`i ** 13 **

(5) -- l < E Ivi Ii i {{i -- En x i +z |SUii, h ixznx n& +Mxj Vx{i
-- En i Ii <i, VMi unVxx i{i iil&* uHv{{il** <i SiJhb** <i
i{{VES MxnM- i{V{n SUEMi& Ei UxnM{xn {\S%v& {i&**

+l x jS n {n i ii{nil x x =S nix i inixi ** 14 **

(1) Did not comment on this sloka.

x S x SI# x jh x x#iSIi |h <iSIi |h ix h i ** 15 ** <i

|l& Jhb& ** 1 **
(2) -- 'il ni%v |V& |xi' <i |x& |i{li%{Eii* ii ij E |i =ilix +vEix Mvx <il lH
{\SMxnx -- tEtMx Gh Vi +Mx{& {\SMxix& -- <i n& Vx&* ElMi <il ni Ml
=Sxi xx <i? Mlx ixiln& E]{ink{& i vnx Sxp MSUxii Ii* S +h{Ii Jx& {VES
r i{ <i{i, i S <iln& +Snx Mx Ii, {nMxjixvSS Ml Mxi -- <il ni* xx
Sh%{Mi Oi +hi S +x{Ii txi, El {r&? x n&* {hi|hi >vi
x`ESh =khh& {xl& |r&, +i& i%{h& Mxi* ={EhEi vOhl <i x xn&* xx
>vii Si =kM|i{kEh {hi|hni, <ilkxlE |{i* x, Mlx|ilki* Ml +xiln&, i
i nIhi vn& {xl& |r&, i <il n& Mh +xn n&, '+l n S\ Exi n S xS' <i
RMi =kh i MSUxi* xx >vi Mlx S x +i >vi =kh {l Mx x Mlxi x H
+MxjnnEE S i; x n&, +{i i -- jjMxk i Mu, il vv xOxk,
xiSn S rEh{ i, +i%{i&* +{iii x =kh {l Mx* xiSn{SS rix
<i, jjMun{SS V&; i H =k& {xl&* il S {hE& -- ' |V%vi xx V* |V x
vi%ii V' <i&* <iln Mlxhx S xMi%ii S i, +hx txlC |{i; il S
iv& -- 'x ij nIh xi xui{x&' <i, ' xni x xH' <i S r* x, +i{lxiix Iiii*
ijH {hE& -- '+i{ lxii i' <i* SS +ixiEii, in{I 'x ij nIh xi' ' xni x xH'
<it& i& -- <ii x v&* 'x S {xixi' <i '< xi xixi' <iniv <i Si, x; '< x' <i hi
'i x {xki' <i S* n Exix xix, < x < <i S hxlE i* < <iEijSi <i Si,
x; +xknx xixkl |iiii +EiE{x +xlE* +i& < <i S lk +xj +k& E{x* x S
nEuii |ii vxxb +SnMh Mx, ' x{i' 'ikii' 'x i |h =iGxi* +j
xi' <inii&* xx iVVnSSG& |h xiGxi MSUxiil& E{i <i Si; x, '+j xi' <i
hxlCi, ' |h +xiGxi' <i S |hMx |{iii* iniGxiixRE* n{ I MiIhi|hx
Vx +MxRE iziGxiiSi, in{ '+j xi' <i hxlE i* x S |hH Mi{{ti Vi
, Miiinix xii |hxvj +MxRMVVnEhii& iuM Vi Mi x C {E{i,
iSi|h* x S i%h& ]i VJ& p{ UpEx MSUii C E{i* ii 'ivziii' <i
Mh{E |h& xb Mx, {I S +ii, x IxI <i Mi, 'in{Vi {in n &' <itCi 'i
E&' <i hi** +i& {\SMxn Ml&, S < +h x|l& {VES xES& r i{ <it{i
rvxi{xSil&; ={xnii{l&; <]{i nki{i <i ui* ixii S i hMJ{i, i
+S +Sxx ni +xi |i{txi* xxi SilMiJxx* nx& {xl Ji& iEx&, x
+hbn&, 'nxi {i i S' <i xjhi**

it <il n& S%h r i{ <i{i i%SxiS%x

+{h{I{h{ItxbnRRi ix ** 1 **
(3) -- +lilxi|ixl&, < Ml& O, O <i Mlxvh h +h kl -- l
x|l{VExh h Ml kl, iui; <]{i <]Mxjn nE E, {i {E{ibMnEh; nk n
lCi pM nk; <i v {Sh{jhn ={i, <i-n |Enxlii* i nxViir vxx
ni +xi |i{txi* i +ii vpj jni j{{Ini Eh{Ixx +{{Ii x{hx nIh
nIh ni i, ixx nIhxhxxni& |i{txi <il&* PSh hni <i xi Sx|M&

i* xi Eh& |Ei& i ixx ni|{xxi* Ei& {x& i|{i|RM&, i& |ivi? +i |RM& -i Ei nIhkh, ij +SnM|kxnMx%x& i |{iH; +i& <{ inix
nIhxx |{i i inx& i{ {i|{i{zi* +i& ii|{i& |ivi -- xi i|{xxii**

& i innini\Sxp Sxp ti ii{%x& xx Mi nx& {xl

<i ** 2 **
(4) -- & {iE {iEnE +ESSxp* E%, i& |{i Sxp&? oi%xiI V hx, inz
nx, i Sxpz n <xpn Ixi* +ii vnx Mi Sxpi& Eh nIxi* xx +xl <]nEh, tzi
nIx* x n&, +zi{Ehj Iiii -- x i EiI{h nIxi* E i, ={Ehj nx xi i,
j{ini, o]Szn ={Eh -- j%z {%z %z Yin* x S i jnx {{Mi%{{M xi*
iiEh nx{M +{ xi& Jx n& Gbxi* S i J{MM Sxphb +{i* inH {ii -- rn
+{ tEMx i& V ii* i +{& Ex& <iS ixMi tE |{ Sxpi{z& tE
<]t{Ex xi* +xi S iMx iMxx nx inil +{ vx >v Vx] Sxphb |{
EkElx E xi* invx S h <]n{\Vx +i**

+l < O <]{i nki{i i vxi vpj j{{I{{Itx bnIhi izi

i|{xxi ** 3 **
(5) -- i in{Mxk Eh& I&, {ixi xi {i& Eh& I& i{i iEh& I <il&, ii iSxph =i
+l +xxi i Ihvx M {xxixi* {xxixi <i |Mi{{ESSxphb Mi xkS +zi Mi* in E
<]nE{Si Sxp MSUxi; iiI S +ixi; Ihj{ ij li x i, lixkEIi -- xIn |n{** ij E x
Eh Sxphbfi I inh, E <i* E ii&? n I& Eh&, Sxphbl I&
|{xi; i`i ikj, I& i, x i; ii +Mi < {Mn x i* 'ii& h' <inivS i*
xx]{inkiEh{ xE {Mxkx EhxEx xi, x S i Sxphb ={M&, +i%Ihx ix; zk
Sxphbf&, ix Ihxiv&; nS Eixnr&; +i S ij I& ni n&;
rxEx{Mx S Eh EE VxiEii* x S E\Vxx Eh I ={{ti, inS EE Eh
+xEVxEihi, ln|{ix S +ixifxiEi& Eh +Eii* Mix S xx E
x{{k&* ii x E\Vxx Eh{M&** k ESnSi -- E{nx |h Eh VxEi* ij
ExSiEhxEix i`xi ExSVVx +xi <i x{{ti, h E\VEii, MS\VE|n{ni* ini,
iEi{Mi -- x iEi nExkriiix{n& ESiCSnH ix{{ti, il
Eh{ h i -- l S {xixE]nVxEi& rxEx& E]i|{Ex Eh E]Vx +hx
x{txi -- il Eh{xVx|{ixkx x{txi <i H* n & {Vxxx& ={tx, E]Vxxkx Eh
E]Vxxv E] Vij i& J& JxiMx inMxinE x |{xi, < Vxxxiii* x S
+iixxiVxx E]i +ki C H, 'i tEh xi {|Y S' <i i&* iuxzE{n <i
E&* i , iSUh{HiEh& ={{ti <i x ESuv&** E%v |i xixi <i, =Si -- li lMi
xixi* xx & {iE {iEnEESSxpi MxG =H&, x il xk&; E i, +Euin; El
liiSi* x n&, +E|{iiii{l|{iS* x S +j lii x&, +xv{ xixi; {xixi <i i x&* +i
={Ihlii -- tlii* +i iEE ii|i{txi -- i Sxphb E +{ +x, ii ij{Mxkx
Eh I xi -- vilxMxM, i x +xiIl +Ei < I& xi* i +xiIuxi, |i` i
<iSiS >x& i& IhE i i* i i& v i* v i + +hj{ i**

& {iE {iEnEE\Sxp V iqxz i n Ixi ** 4 **

(6) -- + i ii& Sxl P i; P i =zi |nl |i; v{h E {iiil&* i <
+vx{ii <i|E Vxi; IhEhxEii Sxxn&* Pn {E{ii ESxxn&*
nMi]nMxnphnnxh v& {iix, +i& iri& J nx|{i nxGh nx&h -- i

Mi]nnEix xn& |{xxi, ii& p, ii EnIxi; i%{xx; ij S Eh p x&

pVvE]& {xvn i] +M {iii`xi, EnSnMn{i IiSx& i%{xi|E&
{ix; EnSnI l Viij x; I{ l Vix i&Mnxv n , iilh -- <ii
nxGhi* +l +i& +nni nx|{i nxMi* nx|{ii iE E {i p]&; n nx|{i&,
in{ nx|{ipi&Mnxv nx|{ii <il&; nvi& {ii& l Ii +xi xi, +xEinznx*
EnSiEEik i&MIxi n, in i&M Mix Eh k&* El? +zk +x& ] i&E,
S i& \Si

iE i, in inEi i; inEii <iSi i{h i M%xi&

|]%x, i i&MEiiii, '%RMiV& i' <i ixii* +i i&MEi
iil&* il -- {i{ Vi MMEi x VixiEi&, itH in ii** ix
+xSxphbx < {{EPn |i{txi, {xxn, i xxx
nx|{i* Ei? Eh inn ={k <i in{MxkI ninx lEVi
nxi x x VEiGxi Yx 'Yx i YxxGi' <i ixii*
t{{iEh& xi nxi MSUxi, il{ {xi nxi|{ixkEnixYxx Yx
nxi MSUxi, i|hi* il +Snx vnx S Mx {x <niYxx,
vkExkinMx* x il +xx nx Vix Yx i&Mqxv ={{ti, x
nxEhbx{hn S Yxx lii* xx Sxphbn{i nxiMx iii
VEiYxi H, il i P xEx <]{inEh Sxphbn |{i nhnVx;
il S i, +xl <]{it{x i i; iS +|h |{i, nEx Eh +xlxxvii*
x, Ih{ixui -- nqxi |i{i& Eh vkii Ehnix Yxx Yxi
H -- IOi < VPI&* il +Snx MSUi Yxi i; vnx S
SxphbIi* x il SxphbnIi IOn {ii Sixi -- l S nMtix
inPinxxkUi|irEhx nx nqxi xxx Yxxi o], il Sxphbi
xnnxi |i +Ii MMxkEIi ninx |irEhx* +i& i
+{iHnVin& Ui < +EnGh < ExkViln& xi
|irEhi +xniYx * il xEhbx{hEIhn{hi&EE Uin,
nxiE Eh%vkii* nVi{xv{iMx l ixi <i VEi Sixk
x vi* +xi iYx Uinin&* x S nEx Eh Hixii Cxi,
& jSniii* '+xixxj il&' <i i& jSni x +vii{Mi*
+{Mi%{vii xjni in{x{{k& x n&JEh{{k& nEx Eh -- xjh
Ihi**
ixi{iilivx {xxixi liEEu i v i v i i ** 5 **

(7) -- ii ij ixx < E h x Sh i hShx{Ii& x%x& {h

E i -- hSh& =Sxi; GxiVix C ={Ii xn&; ixxx {hx
Eh Sxphb Hh + I|, ni Gh, i h GnVi x{tx |{x&

hx Ijx x Ex{h* +l {x iu{i& E{Sh{IiEh& +x

+ k E{ lE x{tx E{ vxvVi VM{i x{tx x Ex
Shbx Ex{h**
+ i P i P i |i i < +vx{ii <i Vxi%i J nx|{i zk i&
\Si in i ** 6 **

(8) -- i hSh uVi&, i ElSn]nEh&, i vnMi MSUxiMSUxi S {x& {x&,

P]xji* t Si|{x&, in +Snx MSUxi; n i x tx x{ <]nE xi, in +li&
{l& lHSvnIh& x Eih +xih Sx{ xi* ixx ix Iph
nEE]nxEnix xi* +i& =M{] +EVVxi xi S <il&* i
VxxhiixEhnSi* V <i <xkS] =Si* VxxhIhx E{x i,
x i G x M E%iil&* ii IpVxiIh ii {H {xlx{I lx i, x
nIhMM +{ {xMSUxi, +xvEix YxEhMx nIhx {li, ix E x {i* {\Si
|x& {\SMxt Ji&* |l nIhkM{Ei&* nIhk& {lix{ -- ixMx |I{&
x&, ii i +x%Snx xi, +x vnx, {xknIhx hx|{xxi& V {xixi,
+x ix & {iE -- <i Ji* {xk{ Ihxx SxphbnEnGh =H*
+ E{h nxH -- ix E x {i <i* n E] Mi&, iVVM{i*
SS VxhVxinxxEiIh& IpVxi vxi S P ni |i& -- M < +Mv%{
xSkh |i, iSSv Mi VM{i ii Ph i -- nv nv P {i
<i* inizl & E& {\SMxtii**
it < hSh + k h x{txhx Ijx x l < E{Sh + k E{
x{t\ x Ex Shbx ** 7 **

(9) -- ix h hh i, {x h& x, MS i{ nxx, h xi

Sii {ixi Si&* {\SS i& +Szi**
+li& {lx EihSx ixx IphEnix ix xi V iiki lx ix E x {i iVVM{i in
E& ** 8 **

(10) -- +l {x& lHx{\SMxxn, i{Sx {iE& x {{x {i, r * ix

{\SMxnxx {i& i{i&, {h E& |V{in % {hE& i; n lH i
{\S& |x& {]lVi n* uH& i|xxh|nxl** <i nJhb**
ix h {# S Mi{x Si {ixi Si& {\S SS#ii ** 9 **

(1) -- ElSi, + -- +{x E +ix x i{ <i {|SU* xxx& -- +S& x

{SUii* x n&, 'uil ix {n iii >v I' <i xnxi* +xj{S
+|ixi |ii{nxl& |x o]%Vij&, 'C iniEi BinMi' <i* n tE
x{ M Vx <i =S* iV& x iV % iV <i |r x +i,
+ix& +iii* i +ix +iEn ={, ii iV x ={xi i ii
{ Eh |i |Eh S i +i S +Mhn i E oi; +i EhiiEx <il&**

+l ix {\SMxn x i{Sx{{x {i r& {i& {hE i n n ** 10 ** <i n& Jhb& ** 10 **

(2) -- +iz n{iMx& x { S {j{jn |]* +x{kj {i S | i i

|iiin Ei S E, & ESi i lH x{i* v iix x x
i x&* +i& ir x{xi v i {iOh {ii {iii i
n xMi%&* vE& xMi%i|&** <i unJhb**
(1) -- S J& |h& -- E %z ii* J |h |] E{i Mnx|iHx E{xi
i -- nn E%zVi |r + & & + Ex& Ex& |hx nz, ii
izi SMn <i* |h z |h%k zi |i{k E{iJE{ni x
i{h + -- iu ii iESE |hzti, +x |h inz |hx inti <il&*
|ES]{iMh|nxl +x <i |h |iI x* |t{M{i Mi i* il S
zxkxOhin |iI x +x <i zxk& Invx* x n lH|hn
|h% il& zxki, izn ESx ESn{ |ht & +xz +xt x i,
tz iil&, |hiiun&, '|hu =ni |h%ii' <i{G 'Bn =ni
Btii' <i ixii**
|Sx +{x& iY& {xptx Vx& EI b + i i i j& i # SG&
E x +i E i ** 1 **

(2) -- =S {x& |h& -- {n E{x* E ii* +{ <i SMn&* i|h

& +{&, iu inxi& Ih HxiS h u& iiExi* E? +n& lx&
{ii Vxi{ ={]SS Vxnv S {nvi {vx Exi J |h* E x
i; v iil&* +xMx i* EixlrxMxii +xMx
iikxiiii** Ih HiS nSx rl Yi, ix |h <i
nxj vi -- +n& {nvii; x +Sxxi -- l EE& |htxz |hi
nxj, iui; E %z E <in|x|iSxiii* tSx{ inlx Gi, in
Etz{ |h Iix i i* iYxl& |x|iSx& |Eh YxlinvVi
x x H& E{i* k |rSx |il |hxMxil S x iiSi, x il Sxl
&* E i, |ilSxvxi +{& |h <i nx Sti <i &* ij
+Sxli|RMnSnx +x{{z* %l +Sx iqx ni Si, x, YxlC
l{Sxvx ijxMxilio]vx S Cn&* +Sx inlixli Si |hi**
i {n\SEqE Mxi%h& |iix xvi i xiMSUi i VM& ** 2 **

(3) -- inii|hnx ii* El? irii|hnx iE V Mi xx Q{t Q{n%{i

Q{t& i MiJ =Ci =S +xn{ Ih S&* E inSi, + -- t{ E lh
iqx i|hi, Vx =i{tz +xlh J& |S {x {jh, E Vi {
ni** lH|hnxn& <n xlJ E +i --

 {n\SE |Ixi ji x |i{i xixxxi ** 3 **

(4) -- +l +xxi n i k VMi MxiSUi, k |{i n Eiil&, in E vi*

k i {xi* i +l|{i vx, ii& Ex`x, iiS nx {ih {xlx |i{ii
<iii|VxEi k|{n E, x {ME* i EnvSi -- + nIi
nIi < xnx Ei i{{ iSx Sinvxiil&* x {xnI EVi {nk,
+iuEixxlJ Eh&* '={ni' <i ixii {jIh S rEh i{ ={nk* {h
j E +i -- v Ohxvx SUCi{{{n iuiEi + {]
nvvxn EE SE {j ixii|I{ ={l +Oi& l{i V` `
iMxl +V +{lx i Mx xl {ixi v& {ii**
ixS {i Mxi% EE& |iix xvi i xiMSUi i VM& ** 4 **

(5) -- xxi, ` |i` {n +ix i, |iE il {ixi i**

i |{i& {lMh E\SE |i& \Vx =S x ix Vx{n x En x t{ xxiMxxuz h Ei
Ih Mxi% nEE

iV vx n inMn n xi Mxi <i ** 5 **

(6) -- +l |i{ +Mxn{i +\V xlv V{i < xj -- + x i; + <i |h x* +zx |h& |hi
n <ii xlp |h +zii |hix ii + xi; Ei&? i& + k i |hi i VMnn, +i&*
|hi xl V`& `S; +i S V n{ix +v{iS +v` {i * & { xl& |h V`nMh{Mix&
Mi, +n VMnx x |hi* <i-n xj{{il&**

i Sx lx { Sk nnix x |iv i x i ** 6 **
(7) -- +l +xxi J i Ih

S {SU& {n& +Si Ii, xjEEx {nxEE O Ii* ii Vx i& |i&,

|hni S EEiSi, +ni h |l xl{; xzx jh Vxx{Hx
i{{z i|&* n ii {h xv&* ` |i z& vi VMi
vii +ix viii ; l Vxh* i i ih Qiii, M n i&
{i &; v Sxi ]Vxx Ei& rix& xi <i|&* +l M & Eh
k |{i E Eixi ir Sxii S xl{ {i* xhV |I E EE S
SE +n {j; {i +S {SnMx& |C& i Sh +Vx lhb E ,
S Mi& zil&, +| x |i xi jtx]{xnxx l, il iSk& zil&*
i n j {i{x, in tir n Ei**
ixS |i& |iHi i i{h& {h |iSG ixx{xinS ** 7 ** <iEn& Jhb& ** 11 **

(8) -- inizl E xj%{ i -- n E E El j {x {xnx {xE

{i, r ij Vxi, Eh x{kii Vxnil&; ijn|i{xnx
ii|&* uH& E{il** <i uiJhb**
+{x E iix{ <i n M Vzi S iV +i x iix{ ik i |ii E
oi ** 1 **

1Introduction: 1nIhx {l MSUiz =H& -- 'iqxz' 'i n Ixi' <i; IpVxiIh S

E] MiH* inn{V xk|i{klk Oxl +i, '+iz { |'
<inRMi* +JE i Jvl t|nxx|nxl S -+iz { |kz {i | i S E iix x{i v i +ix <i S v i {itx
xM <i ** 2 ** <i un& Jhb& ** 12 **

(1) -- |Sx <i xi&, ={x{i{x&* iY xi&, {{i {&* ilxptx xi&,
{i & i{i &* Vx <i xi&, EI{i EI&* b xi&,
+i{ii&* {\S{ i i & Ml lh& H& {z <il&,
j& ivxk{z <il&, i i& xi& i CSi Sh SG& Eixi <il&*
El? E x& +Ei E -- <i; +iniihi* i +vi{SUzix
xii, +ii S +iiH +ninh ={i xii* +nx +i +ii
i x +iiiir i, 'v i {ii' '+xv%&' <inRMi**
+l S iY { |SxM E iix{ <ini M Vzi S { +i x iix{
ik { E oi ** 1 **

(2) -- i xi%{ xSx& {nSG& {nixi& +ix ={n]* =qE |r xi&,

Mxi& {Vxi&, +h& +h{i |i Mix x +n|ivi i* i xi
<nxMSU <i xSi i +VM& Mixi& i +h**
|k% il nxE%iz { |kz {i | i S E iix x{i SI]inix <i
Sxv% x xM <i ** 2 ** <i jn& Jhb& ** 13 **

(3) -- ix o] iMx|Vx nv {nSE* El? |Ixi x < &

j&, i% x {] |i{i H xi; +i& xinxx x
I{n]i**
+l Sxptx Q{t E iix{ <i M Vzi S {lMii x iix{
ik {lM +xi {lOlh%xxi ** 1 **

(4) -- B {t ix =S -- +{i xi& Mxi& + EE{i EE& |i Mix

xviin x**
+iz { |kz {i | i S E iix x{i |hi +ix <i S |hi =nGtx
xM <i ** 2 ** <i Sin& Jhb& ** 14 **

(5) -- i V |{i& {lC{lMh +hx {iiS ESE Eix* +xt& V |i&

Vx =S xx ={M -- irx k ={nvi* i& |iJi n {xi xx, i x
|iMhxi k vx <i xx& +ix& uki |i{{nz -- x Vx{n ix& {i ti; x
En& +ni i ; x t{& uVk& x; x +xiMx& iM&; x +ux +vEx{; x
{n Mxi; +i h Ei& n]Sh x iil&* iS x vxxlx <iH& + -- +{ i i
vx x Mhxii, Ih Ei Mxi%* inl C{i vx nEE lH
iV vx n, ii |iE Mn%{ n* xi Mxi&, {xi S M**

+l S Vx EI E iix{ <iE M Vzi S +i x

iix{ ik % |V S vxx S ** 1 **
(6) -- <iH& i >S& -- x +lx |Vxx |i Si MSUi {&, i l ni* <n |VxMxi x& i*
S xYxlx&* +ix x |iv MVx* +ii x& + **

+iz { |kz {i | i S E iix x{i xni +ix <i

S xni tx xM <i ** 2 ** <i {\Sn& Jhb& ** 15 **
(7) -- <iH& ix =S* |i& & |iH |iC niiH& i Y%|Y& i{h& ni& +{t&
{h Vx |iSG Mixi&* i & j& h& xi& itx i ni& Vii x Vx
tlx& xx{VM&* il +xt{nii* iS +nut +x{x ={xxEi ix* l M tni, il
+xx{ t nii +JEl&* iuxYxSi Ihx xv&** <i EnJhb**

+l S b i Q{t E iix{ <i{ M Vzi S i x

iix{ ik x{]x ** 1 **
(1) -- ii ij i nH |l VxE +MSUnVxl, ir iri, +Mxj{xj
IiizMxjRMiEii|{i; H |li Vi, i El Vni, + -- |h ixx xjh; +ini
+nx|hz |I{nil&* ix |hi{i**

+iz { |kz {i | i S E iix x{i ii +ix <i

S ii itx xM <i ** 2 ** <i b& Jhb& ** 16 **
(2) -- |h i{i SIi{i, SI i{i +ni tSin i{i, SSxi tS +niS ixvi`i& iSS i{i, i
i{ix \Vx& i{i |iI* E S |VnS* iV& l n{i& =VVi |M , S kvxk iV&** <i
ExJhb**
(1) -- <i i i {\Si{& {S xii Ji& E& |x&* k tEn |iki& {l { j Gh
+ E |iil ii VxE =H, ii|RMESi* < S |l |x =H -- il ni%v |V& |xii* i S
+{G& -- M%{ {\S& {h +iExx rnSx =i& =x Vh +i& ]i& n x
x +xi& i& EI i u i Ex xxxiHx +l +xxi Vi** =i <in MinSi* E] i&
EI j{i{kn{h inx{i MS{]i iiSV ii{ixx|x vx
xrHiV&|YS] x* ii xuh {bx E]i x&iVxi M Oi, i{ n x
xinPExi& ii S**

+l SqEh Mi E iix{ <i {l M Vzi S |i`i x

iix{ ik |i`i% |V S { S ** 1 **
(2) -- Vi& n {x& {xP]xjnMxMx E Ex ESGu iMh iEh{k& iVVi* ix Ih
|i i n] Eh xn] {E |i -- n SVVx nE Eh Yx +vEi& -- ix i <i& +nOi +Mx +Mxl

iV xi {j +xiEh* i <i +Mi& +Mx& Ei rtiGh, iS {\S%Mx& i&

=i{z& i, i +Mx xi x +Mx +{nxiil&** <i xJhb**
+iz { |kz {i | i S E iix x{i {n iiix <i S {n i i
x xM <i ** 2 ** <i {in& Jhb& ** 17 **

(1) -- +l =S Vxin x* +i x&* iE Miii

Mh{xSS* i % |V S {j{jnIh vxx S hnx**

 S E %z ii iE\Snn + Ex <i Siu inxzx x |iI x n E\Sxxz

ii ** 1 **

(2) -- ni n& v x* n{Slii vlnS iin& i

i i hi x xM <i** <i {\SnJhb*
S E ii{ <i Siu inxi& {i\S{]\Sn& {nvi E ixMx i ** 2 **

(1) -- ui{l -- {Vx {Vx MiMx& {Vx x ]{Ehx ni&* i

i, x {Vx%Mx& vi; {in| ]nxi* + v&, vEirSS
Ihii* tnS&, |Exi* +x& +RM&, E`xutixvu* nx RM&, nx&
MVin& Px, |Ehixi**
iriiiE V Mi Q{tCiS t{xSUE lh VVz\UJ& |& {xi ** 3 **

(2) -- izizMx n& {i Vx Vi* i +i i; rJ +{& E{hi

ui { {VxMx |{ ]ix {hxi** <i {\SJhbx**
+l n VVMn nIi {h j v xl nvvx{l V` ` iMxV i xl
{ixi ** 4 **

1Introduction: 1Mht =k MiH* +lnx {\S%v {\SMxn Ml >vi S

rx txix i Mixt +x nIhnCxvx EEh vnIh, {xk{ ii S
ii& E]i Mi&, Mi& Hii* |h& ` Mn& |h M <in S i%ii
Oxl |hOh Ei, El ` Mn & iEi, El S i{xi i
`inMhvi <nxxii -- (1) -- ESi V` S |l ` S MhvE n,
V`S `S i* x { |JEi + -- |h V`S Mn&; Ml
{ |h kMn& { viE i, M vi* SInlxx{k i {SuMnx
k <i |h V` i* `i i |i{ni -- '' <inxnxx* +i& |h V`S
`S +xEEhPi**
` iMxV i xl {ixi|i` iMxV i xl {ixi{n iMxV i xl
{ixnix iMxV i xl {ixi ** 5 **

(2) -- ` iiSUnii k n, il ` i x Yix* Ei

` <i, + -- M `&, Mx { xi +xixx kS, +i M`&**
+l |i{\V xlv V{i x i n V`& ` Vv{i& V` ` Vv{i Min
xi ** 6 **

(3) -- |i` +E +S { |ii`i * E i |i`i, + -- SI |i`* SI

{x S nM S |ii`i i, +i& |i` SI&**
+l JiS {SU +Si iiih <iSi n VxiSi ` viiSi i M vi {i
xhV E S { SnMx& i Sh lhb S%|& n j {ir Ei ti ** 7 **

(4) -- {n n, i + nS xS E& {txi * E i {ni, + -- j {i*

SUjh n Mxi inlYx S, ii& Eh Gxi ii& E{ni, E{riiSUj {i**

in E n E E j {x {i r ij Vxkx{xxnx ix{xxnx ** 8 ** <i ui& Jhb& ** 2

**

(5) -- +ix n, +ix x iil&* E inixi, + -- x +ix*

<xp{ix h Cjlx |i{h x +ix&* +i x +ixiH**
+l ui Vk Vux i xi{i ** 1 **

(6) -- +l |h& lHMh& xi& + + x + x <iix|Vx n xx r

Sn =Hxi&**
x i{i j i{i j i{i Sxpi{i Sxp i{i ni{xi nI i{xi iE\S n S Sxp Svi`xi ik{i
ix i{i i{i |V {ztx iV Sxi ** 2 ** <i & Jhb& ** 20 **

(7) -- i i nx +ix& `iYx |V{i {i Vxi ESni >S& =Hxi& -- Mx

E& x& +E v `& +vE& Mh&? <i {]xi&* ix {iS -- x & E v =iGxi
n {{`ix Vi%{ iGxi|h ii%{ {{`iix oi Eh{{S oi,
& & E ` <iSi EC iq&J {V&**
+l ii Vk Vn{x i{xi{i ** 1 **

(8) Did not comment on this sloka.

+{x i{i Ci{i S i{xiMxi{iMx i{i {l i{i {l i{x iE\S {l SMx Svi`iik{i ix i{i
i{i |V {ztx iV Sxi ** 2 ** <iE& Jhb& ** 21 **

(9) Did not comment on this sloka.

+l {\S Vk Vnnx inxi{i ** 1 **

(10) Did not comment on this sloka.

=nx i{i iCi{i iS i{xi i{i i{iEi{iE i{i iE\S SE Svi`iik{i ix i{i
i{i |V {ztx iV Sxi *** 2 **

(11) -- ilH |j |h E =SSG =iGxii; S =iG ij | {zk i

{x& {i <ix|hxS -- El Ex |EhEi Hxi oi x Vi viixi; i
>S& -- l E <in, E& E& l E%nxi S Vxi* El? |hxi& |hx {xiSI hxi&
jh vxi x, EhS] Exi <il&* Vil&* +ix%`i |h nv |
E {x& { |k il&* xxi SISSG j SSG x SSGin* l
+x& +|fx <il&**
<i j& Jhb& ** 23 **

(12) -- B {Ii Mn, +l +xxi J& |h& =SSGx =iGiSUx EEni, =Si -l E & x%& {bREx {nxvxEx {Ih +fx E i& x Jni iJxi
i{]i, ixMnx|hx Jni rix* i |h& Si& xi& lx lixix&
+i J |h iS& -- Mx v x& , i i x& `%; S +qniGi**
<nuxMxj Vi lRMx{ x VkoHii ** 1 **

(13) Did not comment on this sloka.

+l in uxMxj Vi i E i i i i ** 2 **

(14) -- +l x Mn& |h `i Eh +{nxi& +& -- xi Y &* El? E

inS -- n `%, ni Gh, u`iMhil&; i iu`& ix `iMhx i
iu`% inMhiil&* +l iSUn%{ Gh* iiEiin% `iMh%Yxxi
+i <iii* ilk V SI&jx&**
itlEiMx |i |ni {{x& |nxi in uxMxj Vi ** 3 **

(15) -- in S& -- Hn MnJ |h |ii; z E S x SI x jh x

xi Mnx EhxSIi EE +MY ; E i, |h <i +SIi Elxi; i|h ix
h Mnx EhVix i; +i J |h |ix{ MnHi |Ehl{Vi** xx
Eln H Sixxi < { +`i nxi& +xx {vzi; x SInx S |iJ |iE
nx i; il +{M ni {x& | Mx |hii{{ti* ij +MxnSixqiv`iii
Mnx Sixk ii rMii&* iEEv <i Si n EzxESixk, x, <
xkEhi{Mi* in{MSUxi iEE&, i x+nEEhxviEx x S
{lnxv`ix xx |kSUxi -- lni* x S +& +MxtSixi%{ ni
+vi Cj& +{Mxi; E i EEhix i
|hEninxvivivnnE]E{xvIijh xxi <%{Mi* Eh&,
'+{h{n Vx Oi {iSI& hiEh&' <inxjhi; 'hM {i Vx' 'hM
Vx {' <in S ii& {`xi* H Exv n iuIh V <i I&* Mnx
S < n& E{i& n%xiE |h`ixvhl -- l E { +xxix& `i
nx& ESnMhY {SUxi E x& ` Mhi; ixH EEx +n& E vitSUi, xn&
E vi, & `& -- <iH& iltSUxi& +ix%x `i xvxi -- il Mn
E{ii i& -- El x ux MnxEE%{ Vx o] x i |hi |h`i |i{tii*
il S i& EiEx -- 'Vi M{i Ex { Vi SI{i%xvx { Vi j{i
vx { Vi x{i x { Vi SUz ViSUz&' <it** <i |lJhb**
in tt{ ShbSU] |SUnix iux i ni in E& ** 4 **

(1) -- { MiMx&* i M i, S Jx vi { x E&* |h v&, v <

JzMxi* V +S&, iii* SI& +RM&, +ii* j RM&, |Ehii**
l Ivi i {{i h ixMxj{i <iMxj{i <i ** 5 **

(2) -- xxi* +z Vi nEi* i +i i& i** <i {iJhb**

<i Si& Jhb& ** 24 **

(1) -- {l MiMxin {i* i& {lJMx& i i, ih Ex r

{l nx{k i* +E v&, {l <ili +E oi -- l +Mxv&* jS&, {l
+|EiE +x{ j&, i{ii -- +Mxx{S&* n& +RM&, ={xiixi*
+xin& RM&, Ipixi**

+ E MiMxini p v%S Sxp +RM xIjh RM& ** 1 **

(2) -- izin x* i +iz n i** <i `Jhb**

izizMx n& r Vi i +i& V i ** 2 ** <i Sil& Jhb& ** 4 **

(1) -- +l =S biin x* i x vx{&* +t%z ii vxi*

ipx vxx i {]S h {]Szxkii**
{Vx MiMxi n v tnSxRM nx RM& ** 1 **

(2) -- ii +ix x, i& jOlx, ii ii z%i x xM <i**

<i bJhb**
izizMx n& Vx Vi i +i i ** 2 ** <i {\S& Jhb& ** 5 **

(1) -- +l S iY { -- |SxM E iix{ <i; +ni M Vx <i =S*

Cxn{iu{ini, {iu, h {h i]h i&, +i { +ni&;
in{xi i {jl{Eh oi E**
{ MiMxi M i|h v VS SIRM& j RM& ** 1 **

(2) -- ES ix |k& +i H l%il& nxE nxH xE nxE&*

+izin x* SIx i i* i ir{xi +xv%& SIx%& x
xM <i {i**
izizMx n +z Vi i +i i& i ** 2 ** <i {i& Jhb& ** 7 **

1Introduction: 1ni{xi& Mi H& MiIh <ii +JE +i -- (1)

-- iEixi&, <i il&, +h{ih& i{ih& {\Sx Vx{nx i V
+VM* iMixi |h xi& V{i V& =S =Hx -- E +x i i +i
+xi {i? Ex]i {jil&* <iH& + -- +x +x]% M <i Sz**
MiMxi ={l tn{xji v xSnxi&Ei i%RM +xxn RM& ** 1 **

(2) -- i =S -- tx]%, il ni& +Ei +v >v i|V& |xi nMSUxi, iiE Vx

<il&* x M <i <i&, x Vx% ii i{SU* i, il Vx l x |Eh {xixi <i* x
M <i |i* il {lM& |hnx {ih S ix ixiiMlx
MSUiil&**
izizMx n i Vi i +iM& i ** 2 ** <i]& Jhb& ** 8 **

(3) -- il l + E& {ixv -- |{ {xixi, & |n{ x Ehx x {i <i* x M

<i |i* il l x Gh {\S {\SJEi i +ixk +ivxS +{&
{S& { <i S%vx xx Gh `iix i& {S& {nS xi
{J xi <il&* <iH x M <i; xj ESx Vxil&**