SYSTEM THEORY - MIDTEM EXAM

On December the 6th 2019

1 Row 1. Solutions of Problems and Evaluation Tables.

1.1 Problem1

d2 y(t) dy(t)
+5· + 6 · y(t) = u(t) L, s2 · Y (s) + 5 · s · Y (s) + 6 · Y (s) = U (s),

dt2 dt
y(0) = 0; y 0 (0) = 0,
u(t) = χ(t). U (s) = 1s .
Step (1):
1
(s2 + 5 · s + 6) · Y (s) = U (s) ⇒ Y (s) = .
s· (s2 + 5 · s + 6)
Step (2):
1 a b c
Y (s) = = + + .
s · (s + 3) · (s + 2) s s+3 s+2

1
a = s·(s+3)·(s+2) · s = 1,

s=0  6
1
b = s·(s+3)·(s+2) · (s + 3) = 1,

s=−3 3
1
c = s·(s+3)·(s+2) · (s + 2) = −1
2 .

s=−2
1 1 1 1 1 1
Y (s) = · + · − · .
6 s 3 s+3 2 s+2
Step (3): • ˜ • ˜ • ˜
1 −1 1 1 −1 1 1 −1 1
y(t) = · L + ·L − ·L ⇒
6 s 3 s+3 2 s+2
1 1 −3·t 1 −2·t
y(t) = + ·e − ·e ; t > 0.
6 3 2

 0 ; t ∈ (−∞; 0),
y(t) = 0 ; t = 0, 
1
+ 1
· e−3·t − 1
· e−2·t ; t ∈ (0; ∞).

6 3 2
Evaluation table:
Level(1) Level(2) Level(3)
Step(1) 20 20 20
Step(2) 0 50 50
Step(3) 0 0 30
(%) 20 70 100

1
UTBv-IESC-DATI IEC2-System Theory

1.2 Problem 2
s2 + 2 · s + 2 B(s)
G(s) = = .
s · (s2 + 1) · (s + 2) + 3 A(s)
Step (1):
A(s) = s · (s2 + 1) · (s + 2) + 3 = s4 + 2 · s3 + s2 + 2 · s + 3.
Step (2):
s4 1 1 3 1 1 3
s3 2 2 1 1
s 2 (: 2) + 3
s1 1 − 3+
s0 3
Step (3): 1 − 3+ < 0 for 0 < +  3. Conclusion: unstable system. 
Evaluation table:
Level(1) Level(2) Level(3)
Step(1) 30 30 30
Step(2) 0 40 40
Step(3) 0 0 30
(%) 30 70 100

2 Row 2. Solutions of Problems and Evaluation Tables.

2.1 Problem 1

d2 y(t)
+ 16 · y(t) = e−4·t  L,

1
dt2 s2 · Y (s) + 16 · Y (s) = s+4 .
y 0 (0) = 0, y(0) = 0.
Step (1):
1 1
(s2 + 16) · Y (s) = ⇒ Y (s) = .
s+4 (s + 4) · (s2 + 16)
Step (2):
a b·s+c a b·s c
Y (s) = + 2 = + 2 + 2 .
s+4 s + 16 s + 4 s + 16 s + 16
a · (s2 + 16) + (s + 4) · (b · s + c)
Y (s) = ⇒
(s + 4) · (s2 + 16)
a · (s2 + 16) + (s + 4) · (b · s + c) = a · s2 + 16 · a + b · s2 + 4 · b · s + c · s + 4 · c
= (a + b) · s2 + (c + 4 · b) · s + 16 · a + 4 · c
1 1
   
 a+b=0  a+b=0  a = 32  a = 32
1
4·b+c=0 ⇒ 4·b+c=0 ⇒ b = −a ⇒ b = − 32 .
16 · a + 4 · c = 1 4 · a + c = 14 c=4·a c = 18
   

1 1 1 s 1 4
Y (s) = · − · + · .
32 s + 4 32 s2 + 16 32 s2 + 16

DA2019-Rev1 2
UTBv-IESC-DATI IEC2-System Theory

Step (3): • ˜ • ˜ • ˜
1 1 1 s 1 4
y(t) = ·L − ·L 2 + ·L 2 ,
32 s+4 32 s + 16 32 s + 16
1  −4·t 
y(t) = · e − cos(4 · t) + sin(4 · t) , t > 0.
32

 0 ; t ∈ (−∞; 0),
y(t) = 0  ; t = 0, 
 1  −4·t
32 · e − cos(4 · t) + sin(4 · t) ; t ∈ (0; ∞).
Evaluation table:
Level(1) Level(2) Level(3)
Step(1) 30 30 30
Step(2) 0 50 50
Step(3) 0 0 20
(%) 30 80 100

2.2 Problem 2
2 · (s + 0.5)
G(s) = .
s3 + s2 + 1
Step (1):
2·(s+0.5)
s3 +s2 +1 2 · (s + 0.5) B(s)
G0 (s) = = = .
1 + 2·(s+0.5) s3 2
+s +2·s+2·s A(s)
s3 +s2 +1

A(s) = s3 + s2 + 2 · s + 2 · s.
Step (2):
s3 1 2
s2 1 2
s1 +
s0 2
Step (3): No changes of sign. Conclusion: the system is stable.
Remark: there are two poles on the imaginary axis, thus the system is at the limit of
stability. 
Evaluation table:
Level(1) Level(2) Level(3)
Step(1) 30 30 30
Step(2) 0 40 40
Step(3) 0 0 30
(%) 30 70 100

DA2019-Rev1 3