ANGIODROID

ANGIODROID

Présentation du Concept
ANGIODROID : Injecteur de CO2
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger
ANGIODROID : Injecteur de CO2
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger

Dédié au Diagnostique Angiographique

et aux Procédures Périphériques Interventionnelles
ANGIODROID : Injecteur de CO2
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger

Dédié au Diagnostique Angiographique

et aux Procédures Périphériques Interventionnelles

Système Artériel sous diaphragmatique

Système Veineux dans son intégralité
Indications Premières du CO2
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger

Le Dioxide de Carbone (CO₂) est le seul agent de

contraste sans danger indiqué pour les patients
présentant :

Ø Hypersensibilité, allergie à l’Iode

Ø Disfonction rénale

Ø Diabéte

Ø Risque CIN (Contrast Induced Nephropatic risk)

Un Concept Unique
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger

Seul dispositif du marché :

Ø 100% DIGITAL

Ø 100% AUTOMATIQUE

Ø 100% CONVIVIAL / INTUITIF

Ø 100% SANS DANGER

Un Concept Unique
Avantages et Unicité d’ANGIODROID
Caractéristiques techniques majeures :

Définition précise et controlée du Volume injecté, fonction de la région concernée,

constant sans turbulence jusqu’à 100 cc / injection, pas de limite de quantité injectée

Définition précise et controlée de la Pression d’injection exercée, fonction de la

pression systolique, adpatée et optimisée : 50 à 750mmHg

Mode Purge : La solution parfaite pour éviter le déplaisant ‘Jet Effect’ douleur liée à la
rencontre/remplacement d’un liquide incompréssible et un gaz compréssible (base du
brevet)

Une Pression Constante d’injection sans pics et turbulence lors de la délivrance

du gaz : pas de risque de dissections, confort parfait pour le patient et excellente qualité
d’image

Zéro risque de contamination par “air ambiant” grâce à une pression positive du
circuit interne pneumatique, système clos,
travail à P > P atm
 Pourquoi uniquement les patients à risques ?
Depuis les années 70, le Dioxide de Carbonne a été considéré comme la seule solution sans
danger pour tous les patients qui présentaient des problèmes rénaux et de diabète.

Le C02 est un gaz injectable dans n’importe quel vaisseau artériel sous diaphragmatique et dans le
système veineux permettant un bon effet de contraste et facilement éliminé par les
poumons.

EVAR – Siemens Artis Zee PTA – Siemens Artis Zee STENT – Siemens Artis Zee
GHM Grenoble (FR) Universitätsklinikum Jena (DE) Uni-k Münster (DE)
Pr. Carmine SESSA Dr. René Aschenbach Dr. Matthias Meyborg
Une nouvelle Approche Hybride
Une nouvelle “Approche Complémentaire” à l’injection d’iode est donc
maintenant envisageable, grâce à la technologie révolutionnaire brévetée developpée
par Angiodroid l’injecteur automatique de CO₂.

Les médecins peuvent injecter l’agent de contraste le plus adapté en fonction de

l’histoire clinique du patient et de la zone d’investigation. L’approche complémentaire
peut réduire de façon importante les doses d’iode en se limitant à seulement 8 à 10ml
par procedure voir zéro.

Recommandé pour les patients en routine également et plus seulement les

patients à risque.

CO2 Vs Iodine CO2 & Iodine

Angiodroid : Conclusions
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger

Seul dispositif du marché à la technologie brévetée :

Ø 100% DIGITAL

Ø 100% AUTOMATIQUE

Ø 100% CONVIVIAL / INTUITIF

Ø 100% SANS DANGER

Angiodroid : Conclusions
Un Système Simple, Automatique et Contrôlé
Un Moyen de Contraste Biocompatible Sans Danger

Le Dioxide de Carbone (CO₂) est le seul Agent

de Contraste sans danger pour les patients présentant :

Hypersensibilité à l’Iode / Disfontion rénale / Diabète

Le Dioxide de Carbonne peut être injecté en temps que contraste dans n’importe
quelle structure luminale (régions périphériques obligatoire)
et représente le moyen de contraste alternatif ou mieux complémentaire
pemettant de réduire drastiquement les doses d’iode injectée
et ce avec les patients à risque et en routine.
Angiodroid : Conclusions
Angiodroid : Conclusions
 Angiodroid : Conclusions
616924 JETXXX10.1177/1526602815616924Journal of Endovascular TherapyPalena et al

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
research-article2015

Heart, Lung and Vessels. In press

Clinical Investigation
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Journal of Endovascular Therapy
3
Automated Carbon Dioxide Angiography
1–9

ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUES
for the Evaluation and Endovascular
© The Author(s) 2015
Reprints and permissions: Peripheral diagnostic and
Automated Carbon Dioxide Digital Angiography for sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav

Lower-Limb Arterial Disease Evaluation: Safety Treatment of Diabetic Patients With

DOI: 10.1177/1526602815616924
www.jevt.org interventional procedures using
Carbon Dioxide Digital Subtraction Assessment and Comparison With Standard Iodinated Critical Limb Ischemia an automated injection system
Angiography (CO2 DSA): A Comprehensive Contrast Media Angiography for carbon dioxide (CO2):
User Guide for All Operators Filippo Scalise, MD1; Eugenio Novelli, PhD2; Carla Auguadro, MD1; Valentina Casali, MD1;
Luis Mariano Palena, MD1, Larry J. Diaz-Sandoval, MD2, Alessandro Candeo, RT1,
Cesare Brigato, DNP1, Enrico Sultato, DNP1, and Marco Manzi, MD1
case series and learning curve
Mariella Manfredi, MD1; Romano Zannoli, PhD, EngD3
James G. Caridi, MD, FSIR1; Kyung J. Cho, MD2; Christian Fauria, MD, MSW, MPH1; A. Giordano1, S. Messina1, M. Polimeno1, N. Corcione1, P. Ferraro1,
Navid Eghbalieh, MD1 G. Biondi-Zoccai2, G. Giordano1
ABSTRACT: Introduction. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been validated as a contrast agent in a large series of studies. A particular ad- 1
Unità Operativa di Interventistica Cardiovascolare, Presidio Ospedaliero Pineta Grande, Castelvolturno, and Unità Operativa di
From the 1Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana and the 2University of Michigan Abstract
vantage of CO2 over iodinated contrast medium (ICM) is the absence of nephrotoxicity and allergic reactions. One of the limitations Emodinamica, Casa di Salute Santa Lucia, San Giuseppe Vesuviano, Italy; 2Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences
Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Purpose: To test the safety, efficacy, and diagnostic accuracy of automated carbon dioxide (CO2) angiography (ACDA) and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
of CO2 angiography is the difficulty of CO2 manual injection due to its compressibility. The manual gas injection does not permit opti-
mal control of the gas output. Development of an automated CO2 injector has overcome these problems. Aim. This study compares
for the evaluation of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and baseline renal insufficiency and compare ACDA

Fo opy
with iodinated contrast medium (ICM) during endovascular treatment. Methods: From November 2014 to January 2015,
s

the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic accuracy of automated CO2 digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in comparison with ICM-DSA
ABSTRACT: In 1971 during a routine celiac axis injection, 70 cc of room air was inadvertently injected 36 consecutive diabetic patients (mean age 74.8±5.8 years; 27 men) with stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease (CKD ≥3) and CLI
n

in the evaluation of critical limb ischemic (CLI) patients. Methods. We performed DSA with both CO2 and ICM on 40 consecutive Heart, Lung and Vessels. In press
io

into a patient instead of iodinated contrast. Fortunately, there were no ill effects and despite the use

r P rig
underwent lower limb angiography with both CO2 and ICM followed by balloon angioplasty in a prospective single-center
C
CLI patients and directly compared the two techniques. Sixteen females and 24 males participated in the study (mean age, 71.7
study. The primary outcome measure was the safety and efficacy of ACDA as the exclusive agent to guide angioplasty in ABSTRACT
at

years). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of CO2 in identifying arterial stenosis in the lower limb, with ICM-DSA used as the gold
of cut film at the time, Hawkins visualized the celiac axis and its branches as a negative image. Be-
this cohort. The secondary outcomes were the safety and diagnostic accuracy of ACDA injection as compared with ICM
ic

standard. Results. The overall diagnostic accuracy of CO2-DSA was 96.9% (sensitivity, 99.0%; specificity, 96.1%; positive predictive Introduction: The administration of iodinated contrast media in doses sufficient for diagnosis and procedural

er ht
cause of this incident, in combination with his previous knowledge of carbon dioxide (CO2) in venous value, 91.1%; negative predictive value, 99.6%). Tolerable minor symptoms occurred in 3 patients. No allergic reactions or significant digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for invasive evaluation of these patients. Results: ACDA safely and effectively guided guidance, when coincident with renal insufficiency, presents a considerable risk of exacerbating and hastening
un

angioplasty in all patients without complications. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure improved from 11.8±6.3 to 58.4±7.6 renal failure. Carbon dioxide has been proposed in the past as an alternative, but only recently dedicated injec-

so H
decline in renal function were observed in patients receiving the CO2 injection. Conclusion. Carbon dioxide DSA is a valuable and
imaging, he began to study the intra-arterial use of CO2 in animals. Following the safe, successful
m

safe alternative to traditional ICM-DSA for evaluating CLI patients. This modality should be considered as the standard choice for mm Hg (p<0.001). There were no complications related to ACDA during diagnostic imaging and no significant changes in tion systems have become available. We aimed to review our ongoing experience with an automated carbon
use in animals he applied the same principles to humans. Unfortunately, technology lagged behind CLI patients undergoing angiographic evaluation who are known to have renal insufficiency or contrast allergy. the estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline to 24 hours (44.7±13.3 vs 47.0±0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2; nonsignificant). dioxide injector for peripheral diagnostic and interventional procedures.
om

na MP
his genius and the initial imaging was poor. Later, during the 1980s, there was the development of The diagnostic accuracy of CO2 was 89.8% (sensitivity 92.3%; specificity 75%; positive predictive value 95.5%; negative Methods: Details on 21 patients undergoing peripheral procedures with carbon dioxide angiography were sys-
J INVASIVE CARDIOL 2015;27(1):20-26 predictive value 63.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in the qualitative diagnostic accuracy between tematically collected. An automated injector enabling customized and repeated carbon dioxide injections was
C

lU 2
digital subtraction angiography, tilting tables and a safe, reliable CO2 delivery system. As technol- KEY WORDS: carbon dioxide, angiography, peripheral vascular disease, contrast media the media (p=0.197). Conclusion: ACDA is an accurate, safe, and effective technique that can be utilized to guide used in all cases, with iodinated contrast media used only as bailout.
Results: No major or minor complications occurred in these patients, either during the procedure or up to
P

ogy continued to improve, CO2 evolved into a viable vascular imaging agent. Although used initially endovascular interventions in diabetics with CLI and baseline CKD ≥3. Larger multicenter randomized studies are needed discharge. Comparison according to phase of the learning curve showed that with accruing experience opera-
M

C se 01
to validate these results.
for renal failure and iodinated contrast allergy, the many unique properties of CO2 yielded multiple arbon dioxide (CO2) has been used for diagnostic be demonstrated using DSA. The C02 x-ray absorption is tors relied progressively more on carbon dioxide only, as there was a significantly reduced need for additional
H

iodinated contrast media injections per procedure (from 2.5±2.1 to 0.6±2.1 injections per patient, p=0.005).

. 5
advantages, which are now used in a multitude of scenarios alone or in combination with traditional purposes in humans since the early 1900s.1,2 It is roughly one-tenth of the absorption obtained with dilut-
Accordingly, in the second phase of our learning curve, iodinated contrast media were avoided in 91% of cases
ht

currently used as an alternative to iodinated con- ed iodine.4,11,12 For these reasons, both the injection pro- Keywords
contrast. It has now been used with great success in both adults and children for more than 3 de- angioplasty, automated carbon dioxide angiography, chronic kidney disease, contrast media, critical limb ischemia, diabetic in comparison to 20% of procedures performed in the beginning of our experience (p=0.002). Concomitantly,
rig

trast media (ICM) in several diagnostic and interventional cess and the radiologic set-up must be optimized to yield no significant change in the duration of the procedure occurred.
cades with only limited reportable complications. Its safe use in children has been described and procedures.3-8 Studies have shown potential benefits in the good-quality angiographic images.13-15 Various authors have foot, endovascular interventions, iodinated contrast, pedal arteries, transcutaneous oxygen pressure Conclusions: Carbon dioxide-based angiography using an automated injection system is feasible and safe in
y

use of CO2 over ICM for digital subtraction angiography described their experience with catheter-based angiography patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional procedures for infra-diaphragmatic conditions, especially for
op

when performed in this age group the same principles apply as for adults. This paper describes the (DSA) vascular imaging.3-5 Carbon dioxide is an inexpen- using CO2 as the radiographic contrast agent for the eval- transcatheter renal sympathetic denervation.
history and technique of CO2 angiography for vascular procedures. sive gas that is widely available, providing cost savings com- uation of arterial and venous diseases. These reported uses Introduction particularly contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after tradi-
C

VASCULAR DISEASE MANAGEMENT 2014;11(10):E221-E256
Key words: peripheral vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, renal failure,
contrast medium, new techniques
HISTORY
It wasn’t long after the discovery of x-rays by Conrad Roentgen in 1895 that gas was first used as an imag-
ing agent. In 1914 room air was used with radiographs in an attempt to visualize the abdominal viscera and its
abnormalities.1 Less than a decade later room air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide was insufflated in the retroperi-
toneum to evaluate for masses.2,3 Because of the problem of air emboli, room air and oxygen were eventually
replaced with carbon dioxide (CO2), the solubility of which is 20 times to 30 times that of O2.
pared with traditional ICM. It is highly soluble in blood (20
times more soluble than oxygen) and is rapidly eliminat-
ed by the lungs in the first pass, allowing the injection of
almost unlimited quantities of gas provided that adequate
time for elimination is allowed between injections.9 Car-
bon dioxide has no known inherent nephrotoxicity, making
it desirable for evaluating patients with evidence of renal
dysfunction.3,5,9,10 Additionally, there is no potential for aller-
gic contrast reactions. Because of the low viscosity of CO2
(400 times less than ICM), smaller angiographic catheters
may be used, and the filling of severely diseased stenotic ves-
sels may be enhanced.11 During the injection, the gas dis-
places the column of blood and acts as a negative contrast
agent. The small change in density between a blood ves-
sel containing blood and a blood vessel containing gas can
have included diagnostic evaluations of the abdominal8,13-15 tional fluoroscopically guided endovascular interventions.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 12% of the adult Keywords: angiography, angioplasty, carbon dioxide, peripheral artery disease.
and extremity vessels,6,16-18 renal transplants,19 tumors,20 and Revascularization constitutes the mainstay of therapy for
population and 20% of those older than 70 years. Its inci- CLI patients, and the endovascular approach is becoming
hemodialysis access sites.7 Therapeutic interventions such as
dence, and that of critical limb ischemia (CLI), continues to standard as it provides good technical results and favorable
balloon angioplasty,21,22 stent placement,18,21,22 caval inter-
increase, thanks to the epidemic of obesity and diabetes clinical outcomes while being less invasive and applicable
ruption procedures,23,24 and transjugular intrahepatic porto-
mellitus caused by calorie-rich diets and sedentary life- INTRODUCTION
systemic shunts25 using CO2 as the contrast agent have also
been reported. Despite these encouraging results, the use of styles, combined with hypertension and failed attempts at
decreasing tobacco use.1–4 In diabetic patients, the risk of The burden of peripheral artery disease
1
Interventional Radiology Unit and Foot & Ankle Clinic, Policlinico
CO2 as a contrast agent in the evaluation and treatment of
PAD is 3- to 4-fold higher, and it tends to be more aggres- Abano Terme, Italy
peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been as prevalent as 2
Michigan State University and Metro Health Hospital, Wyoming, MI, Corresponding author: continues to increase worldwide. Given
expected. There are various explanations for this occurrence. sive, with a major amputation rate 5 to 10 times higher than USA Dr. Arturo Giordano the favorable results of endovascular thera-
The use of a gas rather than a liquid contrast agent changes in patients without diabetes. Typical infrapopliteal disease Unità Operativa di Interventistica Cardiovascolare
Corresponding Author: Presidio Ospedaliero Pineta Grande py in patients with PAD, also its role is in-
some steps in the process of angiography that may be unfa- in diabetics is characterized by long, multilevel disease
miliar to vascular interventionalists. The injection of a gas- involving all 3 infrapopliteal vessels.5,6 Patients tend to
Luis Mariano Palena, Interventional Radiology Unit and Foot & Ankle Strada Statale Domiziana Km 30
81030 Castel Volturno CE, Italy
creasingly important (1). Even patients un-
Clinic, Policlinico Abano Terme, Piazza C. Colombo 1, 35031 Abano
eous element, which is mostly performed by hand, requires have concomitant coronary and advanced kidney disease,7,8 e-mail: arturogiordano@tin.it dergoing surgical therapy or maintained on
Terme, Italy.
a long training period, and the vascular image results are not which places them at increased risk of adverse events, Email: marianopalena@hotmail.com
Heart, Lung and Vessels. 2014, Vol. 6

20 THE JOURNAL OF INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY®

Vascular Disease Management® October 2014 221

+ MODEL
Physica Medica (2011) xx, 1e6

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

journal homepage: http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/ejmp

ORIGINAL PAPER

Mechanical aspects of CO2 angiography

Automated carbon dioxide digital angiography for lower Ivan Corazza a,*, Pier Luca Rossi a, Giacomo Feliciani a, Luca Pisani b,
Sebastiano Zannoli b, Romano Zannoli a
limb arterial disease evaluation: safety assessment and
comparison with standard iodinated contrast media a
b
Cardiovascular Dept., University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Spark SrL, Bologna, Italy

angiography. Received 5 July 2011; received in revised form 13 October 2011; accepted 12 November 2011

Poster No.: C-1448 KEYWORDS Abstract The aim of this paper is to clarify some physicalemechanical aspects involved in
Angiography; the carbon dioxide angiography procedure (CO2 angiography), with a particular attention to
Congress: ECR 2014 CO2 angiography; a possible damage of the vascular wall.
Interventional CO2 angiography is widely used on patients with iodine intolerance. The injection of a gaseous
Type: Scientific Exhibit radiology element, in most cases manually performed, requires a long training period. Automatic systems
allow better control of the injection and the study of the mechanical behaviour of the gas.
Authors: F. Scalise1, E. Novelli1, R. Zannoli2; 1Monza/IT, 2Bologna/IT CO2 injections have been studied by using manual and automatic systems. Pressures, flows
and jet shapes have been monitored by using a cardiovascular mock. Photographic images of
Keywords: Hemodynamics / Flow dynamics, Contrast agent-other, liquid and gaseous jet have been recorded in different conditions, and the vascular pressure
rises during injection have been monitored.
Comparative studies, Digital radiography, Catheter arteriography, The shape of the liquid jet during the catheter washing phase is straight in the catheter direc-
tion and there is no jet during gas injection. Gas bubbles are suddenly formed at the catheter’s
Interventional vascular, Contrast agents, Arteries / Aorta hole and move upwards: buoyancy is the only governing phenomenon and no bubbles fragmen-
tation is detected. The pressure rise in the vessel depends on the injection pressure and volume
DOI: 10.1594/ecr2014/C-1448 and in some cases of manual injection it may double the basal vascular pressure values.
CO2 angiography is a powerful and safe procedure which diffusion will certainly increase,
although some aspects related to gas injection and chamber filling are not jet well known.
The use of an automatic system permits better results, shorter training period and limitation
of vascular wall damage risk.
ª 2011 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction

Carbon dioxide angiography (CO2 angiography) is a diag-

nostic radiological procedure introduced about fifty years
* Corresponding author. ago to obtain vascular images without the use of iodinated
E-mail address: ivan.corazza@unibo.it (I. Corazza). contrast medium. Gaseous CO2 was chosen for its

1120-1797/$ - see front matter ª 2011 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.11.003

Please cite this article in press as: Corazza I, et al., Mechanical aspects of CO2 angiography, Physica Medica (2011), doi:10.1016/
j.ejmp.2011.11.003
ANGIODROID

Résultats Cliniques
 EVAR / FEVAR
EVAR EVAR FEVAR

Philips FD 20 Philips Allura Clarity Siemens Artis Zee

Maria Cecilia Hospital (IT) Policlinico Sant’Orsola (IT) Skåne University Hospital (SE)
Dr. Alberto CREMONESI Pr. Mauro GARGIULO Dr. Nuno DIAS
 Aortographie
CELIAC TRUNK AORTIC CALCIFICATION AORTIC BIFURCATION

Siemens Artis Zeego Siemens Artis Zee Siemens Artis Zeego

St. Franziskus Hospital (DE) GHM Grenoble (FR) St. Franziskus Hospital (DE)
Dr. Arne SCHWINDT Pr. Carmine SESSA Dr. Arne SCHWINDT
 Embolisation

CELIAC TRUNK HEPATIC ARTERY SPLENIC ARTERY

Philips FD 20 Siemens Artis Zee Siemens Artis Zee

UZ Leuven (BE) Klinikum Ingolstadt (DE) HCFMUSP (BZ)
Prof. Geert MALEUX Dr. Dierk VORWERK Dr. Fernanda UCHIYAMA
 Portographie / TIPS

TIPS PORTOGRAPHY TIPS

Toshiba Infinix Philips FD 20 Toshiba Infinix

Hospital Clinico Universitario UZ Leuven (BE) Hospital Clinico Universitario
de Valencia (ESP) Prof. Geert MALEUX de Valencia (ESP)
Dr. Jorge GUIJARRO Dr. Jorge GUIJARRO
 Phlebographie / FAV

ARM VEINS SUBCLAVIAN VEIN AVF

Philips FD 20 Philips FD 20 GE Innova

Ospedale Sant’Eugenio (IT) Ospedale Sant’Eugenio (IT) Clinique Internationale
Dr. Roberto CANCELLIERI Dr. Roberto CANCELLIERI du Parc Monceau (FR)
Dr. Luigi NOVELLI
 Cavographie / Filtre VCI
INFERIOR VEIN CAVA INFERIOR VEIN CAVA INFERIOR VEIN CAVA

Siemens Axiom Artis Royal Liverpool University Hospital (UK) Dr. Usman SHAIKH
 Membres Inférieurs
SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERIES TIBIAL ARTERIES

Siemens Artis Zee Siemens Artis Zee Philips FD20

Universitatsklinikum Jena (DE) Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (FR) Maria Cecilia Hospital (IT)
Dr. Ulf TEICHGRABER Dr. Costantino DEL GIUDICE Dr. Alberto CREMONESI
 Membres Inférieurs
SFA POPLITEE TIBIALE

Philips FD20 Philips FD20 Philips FD20

Clinique Louis Pasteur (FR) Clinique Louis Pasteur (FR) Clinique Louis Pasteur (FR)
Dr. Max AMOR Dr. Max AMOR Dr. Max AMOR
 ATK
SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY POPLITEAL ARTERY

Philips FD20 Philips FD20 GE Innova

Policlinico Abano Terme (IT) Policlinico Abano Terme (IT) Clinique Sarrus-Teinturiers (FR)
Dr. Mariano PALENA Dr. Mariano PALENA Dr. Antoine SAUGUET
 BTK
POPLITEAL TRIFURCATION ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

Siemens Artis Axiom Philips Allura FD 20 TOSHIBA Infinix

Hospital Prive Parly II (FR) Rashid Hospital (UAE) Leicester Royal Infirmary (UK)
Dr. Massimiliano DI PRIMIO Dr. Ayman EL SIBAIE Dr. Kate WATERS
 BTK
DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY ARTERIES OF THE FOOT DIGITAL ARTERIES

Philips Allura FD20 Siemens Artis Zee Philips Allura FD20

Policlinico Abano Terme (IT) Karolinska Institutet (SE) Policlinico Abano Terme (IT)
Dr. Marco MANZI Dr. Linus BLOHME Dr. Mariano PALENA
 BTK

Philips Allura FD20 Policlinico Abano Terme (IT) Dr. Mariano PALENA