: 01

GUEZOUR Aek Lyce Maraval

Cl2 (g) + 2 Na+(aq) + 2 OH (aq) = ClO(aq) + Cl + 2 Na+(aq) + H2O(l) :

)(1

1 chl Cl2
1L ). (1

48
= 2,14 mol
22, 4

) (1

VCl2
VM

= nCl2

nClO = nCl2 = ClO V V ). (V = 1 L

2,14
= ClO
= 2,14 mol.L1

1
2
.
) ( .
3 " "

ClO = Cl + O2

ClO

.
: 02

....
....

!!!

....
1 2 : .
:
06
1 :
:.
:

O
R

R .

 2 :

CH3 COO C2H5 + Na+ + OH

= Na+ + A + B

A CH3- COO : : . . :
) ( :
)(1

CH3 COO C2H5 + H2O = CH3 COOH + C2H5 OH

OH
:

CH3 COOH + Na+ + OH = CH3 COO + Na+ + H2O

)(2

) (1 ) (2 .
3 :
1 3 :
:

2 3 :

123

C0V0

C0V0

Na

C0V0 C0V0 C0V0

OH

C0V0

C4H8O2

Na

C0V0

C0V

t=0

C0V - x C0V0 C0V - x

C0V0

A OH Na+
223

t :

n0 x
n
n
n
x
x
x
+ Na + 0 + A
= OH 0 OH + Na+ 0 + A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

+ Na+

OH

) x+ n

= OH

OH

= a x + b : a < 0 A < OH ) = f ( x

.
:
) ( OH
A OH
. Na+
) ( .

 3 3 C0 V x

n0 x
n
n
n
x
x
x
+ Na + 0 + A
= OH 0 OH + Na+ 0 + A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

= OH

n0
n
x
x
OH + Na + 0 + A
V
V
V
V

x
x
x
+ Na + C0 + A
= C0 OH + Na+ +
OH
V
V
V A

0 t
4 3
0

x
OH
V A

t = C0 OH + Na+ +

x
OH + Na+ Na+ :
V A
:

x
x
A + Na+ Na+ + OH
V
V

0 = + + C0
Na
OH

x x 0

V C0 V C0

t = 0 +

= OH C0 OH

x = C0 V

= OH

t = 0 +

)(1

= + + C0 ) (1
Na
A

x
) ( 0
C0V

0 t
0

t = C0 OH + Na+ +

= t 0 - 1

x = C0 V

4 :

1 dx
1 4
V dt

dx
V L
dt

=v

mol . s1 mol . L-1 .s1

2 4 .
34
: .
: .
.
4 4 : xmax = n0 = C0V = 102 0,1 = 103 mol = 1 mmol

xmax
5 4
2

(x) mmol

t1/ 2 = 15 mn

30C

6 4 .

0,5

20C

)t (mn

15

0 t
0

x = C0 V

) x = f ( t . 4

... C0 = 1,0 10-2 mol/L = 10 mol/m3

0 t

x = C0 V .

20

27

13

)t (mn

(S.m-1) 0,250 0,210 0,192 0 ,178 0,160 0,148 0,091

0,567 0,642 1,000

0,252 0,365

0,453

)x (mmol

(
)
: 03

1 :

)= Zn2+(aq) + H2(g) + 2 H2O (l

)H+(aq

Zn(s) + 2

1 1

)Zn2+(aq) + H2(g) + 2 H2O (l

= )2 H+(aq

Zn(s) +

xmax

xmax

n ( Zn )i

n H 3O +

n H 3O + 2 x

n ( Zn )i x

n H 3O + 2 xmax

n ( Zn )i xmax

x
xmax

m
0,5
=
= 7, 6 103 mol
M 65, 4

= n ( Zn )i

= H 3O + V = 0, 4 0, 075 = 3, 0 102 mol

21

n H 3O +

7, 6 103 x = 0 x = 7, 6 103 mol :

0, 03 2 x = 0 x = 15 103 mol
) xmax = 7, 6 103 mol ( )(Zn
31
1 3 1 n ( H 2 ) = x P Pi
:

( P Pi ) Vg = n ( H 2 ) RT :

( P Pi )Vg
RT

=x

2 3 1 ( Pmax Pi ) Vg = xmax RT :

( P Pi )Vg = x RT

: : t
:

( Pmax Pi )Vg = xmax RT

x = xmax

)(3

) (1 ) (2

RT

)(1
)(2

P Pi
Pmax Pi

( Pmax Pi )Vg

= xmax

331
x

) xmax = 7, 6 mmol (

)x (mmol
7,6

)t (mn
431
t = 50 mn . (1 hPa = 100 Pa) P = 1452 hPa . Pf = 1757 hPa
): (3

1452 1020
432
= 7, 6 103
= 4, 45 103 mol
1757 1020
737

x = 7, 6 103

t = 50 mn ) x 4, 4 mmol (
t = 0 .

 2
+

H3O H3O+ t = 0 . :
)(1

)(2

)(3

) (
.
:
1 l = 5 cm . R = 0,5 mm ) (S .
2
. r = 0, 02 mm ). (S

. = 7,86 g / cm3

- 1 : +
2

) S = l 2 R + 2 R 2 = ( 5 6, 28 0, 05 ) + 6, 28 ( 0, 05

- 2 :

V = R 2 l = 3,14 ( 0, 05 ) 5 = 3,92 102 cm3

2

M = V = 7,86 3,92 102 = 0, 031 g

:
:

S = 1,6 cm2

4
4
3
v = r 3 = 3,14 ( 0, 002 ) = 3,35 108 cm3
3
3

:
:

m = v = 7,86 3,35 108 = 26,3 108 g

0,31
M
=
= 1, 2 106
8
m 26,3 10

=N

) ( s = 4 r 2 = 4 3,14 ( 0, 002 ) = 5 105 cm 2 :

2

S ' = Ns = 1, 2 106 5 105 = 60 cm 2

)x (mmol

.
) (

1
2

1
1 ): (4

)t (mn
6

7,6

 2 )(5
) (
.
3 )(6

.

1 - -

. pH = Log H 3O +

H 3O + = 10 pH = 105 mol.L1
2 )( )( ZnCO3
.
:
/ .
04

M 44
=
1 = 1,52 :
29 29

=d

2 : CaCO3 H3O+
m
2
=
= 0, 02 mol
M 100

= ) n ( CaCO3

n H 3O + = H 3O + V = 0,1 0,1 = 0, 01 mol

- 3

)+ CO2(g) + 3 H2O (l

)Ca2+(aq

)H3O+(aq

CaCO3(s) +

0,01

0,02

0, 01 2x

0, 02 x

xmax

xmax

0, 01 2xmax

0, 02 xmax

xmax

0, 02 x = 0 x = 0, 02 mol
0, 01 2 x = 0 x = 5 103 mol

) ( H3O+ ) xmax = 5 103 mol ( .

 - 4( ......) 63 (.
-

Patm = 1, 020 105 Pa

) (2004

CO2 420 s . 120,5 mL Patm Vg = n ( CO2 ) RT

Patm Vg
RT

=x

n ( CO2 ) = x : :

)(1

t = 20 s V ( CO2 ) = 29 mL ) (1 :

1, 020 105 29 106

= 1, 2 103 mol
=x
)8,3 ( 25 + 273
( n ( CO2 ) = xmax = 5 103 mol ) (1 CO2 .

RT
8,3 298
= 5 103
= 121 106 m3 = 121 mL
5
Patm
1, 020 10

V ( CO2 ) = xmax

1 dx
- 5(
Vs dt

=v

)x (mol

xmax
(
2

5 103

t1/ 2 54 s
2,5 103

- 6(
25C t = 0

54

)t (s

t = 0 . 25C

x
) f (t

= 25C
< 25C

- 7( :

) g (t

: : ) (
) ( .

t
+

H3O :

Cl

2+

Ca

Cl .

( ) ( H3O+ Ca2+
H3O+ Ca2+ .
Cl .

( 0 = H O+ H 3O + + Cl Cl = 0,1 103 ( 35 + 7,5 ) 103 = 4, 25 S .m1 : t = 0

3

25C Cl = 7,5 mS .m2 .mol 1

( = 4, 25 580 x :
t = H O+ H 3O + + Cl Cl + Ca2+ Ca 2+
3

0, 01 2 x
x
+ Cl Cl + Ca2+
:
V
V

= H O+ H 3O + + Cl Cl + Ca2+ Ca 2+ = H O+
3

35 103
12 103
3
3
0,
01
2
7,5
10
0,1
10
x
x = 0,35 - 700 x + 0, 75 + 120 x

+
(
)
100 104
100 106

= 4, 25 580 x
(

max = 4, 25 580 5 103 = 1,35 S