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    220 vues29 pages

    H1N1

    Transféré par

    jstnang17072

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
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    sur 29

    R a p i d c o m m u n i c a ti o n s

    ORIGINS OF THE NEW INFLUENZA A(H1N1) V I R U S : T I M E TO


    TA K E A C T I O N

    G M Nava (gerardomnava@gmail.com)1,2, M S Attene-Ramos2, J K Ang2, M Escorcia1


    1. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (College of Veterinary Medicine), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
    (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Mexico City, Mexico
    2. Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States

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    7>"$"=%6"!<"$43$7>"$248"$43$1%;$141'8)7%4!:$):$M5%N%!;$="::"8:O$342$ Phylogenetic analysis
    %!&'"!()$*+,-.-/$=%2':":? J4$ 3'27>"2$ "N)5%!"$ 7>"$ 14::%K8"$ ;"!"7%<$ 42%;%!:$ 43$ 7>"$ !"#$
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    <84:":7$>45484;%":$342$7>"$!"#$%!&'"!()$*+,-.-/$=%2':$)2"$:#%!"$ 6%:7%!<7!"::/0$ 7>)7$ :""5:$ 74$ K"$ <>)2)<7"2%:7%<$ %!$ 1%;L>'5)!$
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    )!6$*:%)$342$7>"$8):7$6"<)6"$+@%;'2"$-0$E'118"5"!7)29$5)7"2%)8:[$ %!$\4#)0$Z)298)!6$)!6$Q%:<4!:%!0$X!%7"6$E7)7":$K"7#""!$-HH-$)!6$
    @%;'2"$-$)!6$J)K8"$-/?$ GBB_/$+@%;'2"$G0$E'118"5"!7)29$5)7"2%)8:[$@%;'2"$G$)!6$J)K8"$c/?$

    @%;'2"$-?$W4::%K8"$42%;%!:$43$7>"$%!&'"!()$GBBH$*+,-.-/$=%2':[$ Discussion and conclusion


    )/$>"5);;8'7%!%!$)!6$K/$!"'2)5%!%6):"$1247"%!:$ *87>4';>$ 8%5%7"6$ %!$ :)518"$ :%("0$ 4'2$ )!)89:":$ :'K:7)!7%)7"$
    7>"$ =)8'"$ 43$ 548"<'8)2$ :<2""!%!;$ )!6$ 1>984;"!"7%<$ )::"::5"!7$

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    E'118"5"!7)29$ 5)7"2%)8:[$ @%;'2"$ -0$ @%;'2"$ G0$ J)K8"$ -0$ J)K8"$ 26. Myers KP, Olsen CW, Setterquist SF, Capuano AW, Donham KJ, Thacker EL, et al.
    G0$J)K8"$c[$ Are swine workers in the United States at increased risk of infection with
    zoonotic influenza virus? Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(1):14-20.
    +E""$Y"84#/
    27. Escorcia M, Vázquez L, Méndez ST, Rodríguez-Ropón A, Lucio E, Nava GM. Avian
    influenza: genetic evolution under vaccination pressure. Virol J. 2008;5:15.

    2 E U R O SU R V E I L L A N C E Vol . 14 · I ss u e 22 · 4 J u n e 20 0 9 · w w w. e uro s u rve i ll an c e . o rg


    This article was published on 4 June 2009.
    Citation style for this article: Nava GM, Attene-Ramos MS, Ang JK, Escorcia M. Origins of
    the new influenza A(H1N1) virus: time to take action. Euro Surveill. 2009;14(22):pii=19228.
    Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19228

    E U RO S U R V E I L L A N C E Vol . 14 · I ss u e 22 · 4 J u n e 20 09 · w w w. e u ro s urve ill an ce . o rg 3


    Figure 1. Possible origins of the influenza 2009 A(H1N1) virus: a) hemagglutinin and b) neuraminidase proteins

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    Proteins from the 2009 A(H1N1) virus (red circles) showed close homology to proteins from swine influenza viruses circulating in Asia, Europe and US (blue circles) and swine influenza
    viruses that have infected humans in recent past (red squares). Protein relationships with avian influenza virus (green circles) were more distant. Scale bar indicates the number of changes
    over the whole sequence. Phylogenetic trees for PB2, PB1, PA, NP, MP1, and NS1 proteins, and details of statistical significance of branch order are provided in Supplementary Materials -
    Figure 1.
    Figure 2. Genetic distinctness of the influenza 2009 A(H1N1) virus: a) hemagglutinin (HA) and b) neuraminidase (NA)
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    Protein sequences from avian, swine and human influenza A(H1N1) viruses circulating in North
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    Supplementary Fig. 2. Genetic distinctness of the influenza 2009 A(H1N1) virus. a, PB2; b,
    PB1 and c, PA polymerases; d, hemagglutinin (HA); e, nucleocapsid protein (NP); f,
    neuraminidase (NA); g, matrix protein 1 (MP1); h, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Protein
    sequences from avian, swine and human influenza A (H1N1) viruses circulating in North-
    America from 1989 to 2009 were retrieved from the Influenza Virus Resource. Sequences were
    usedd for
    f unrootedd phylogenetic
    h l i tree construction
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    h d
    Proteins from the influenza 2009 A(H1N1) virus (red triangles), earlier human (red and pink
    circles) swine (navy blue and purple circles) and avian (green circles) viruses are shown. Light
    colors (pink, purple and green) correspond to viruses found between 1989 and 1999 and dark
    colors (red,
    (red navy blue and green) to viruses found between 2000 and 2009.
    2009 Orange squares
    represent pig-human interspecies transmission of influenza A cases occurred in Iowa,
    Maryland and Wisconsin, USA between 1991 and 2006. Scale bar indicates the number of
    changes over the whole sequence. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the MEGA
    software version 4.0. The statistical significance of branch order was estimated by the
    generation of 100 replications of bootstrap resampling of the originally-aligned amino acid
    sequences. Scale bar indicates the number of changes over the whole sequence.

    10
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    18
    Supplementary table 1. Closest protein homology of influenza 2009 A(H1N1) viruses

    Gene Best Hit Identity Lineage


    PB2 A/Swine/Illinois/100085A/01 (H1N2) 98% Swine
    PB1 A/Wisconsin/10/98 (H1N1) 98% Human
    PA A/Swine/Illinois/100084/01 (H1N2) 98% Swine
    HA A/Swine/Indiana/P12439/00 (H1N2) 95% Swine
    NP A/swine/Guangxi/13/2006 (H1N2) 98% Swine
    NA A/swine/Spain/WVL6/1991 (H1N1) 94% Swine
    MP1 A/swine/Laer/IDT4126/05 (H3N2) 99% Swine
    NS1 A/SW/IN/14810-T/01 (H1N2) 94% Swine

    19
    Supplementary table 2. Closest protein homology of influenza 2009 A(H1N1) viruses with
    swine influenza viruses that have infected humans

    Protein Cases Identity Lineage Reference


    PB2 A/Iowa/CEID23/2005(H1N1) 98% Human [1]
    PB1 A/New York/727/1994(H3N2) 98% Human ABG48024
    PA A/Ontario/RV1273/2005(H3N2) 97% Human [2]
    HA A/Wisconsin/10/98 (H1N1) 93% Human AAO88265
    NP A/Iowa/CEID23/2005(H1N1) 97% Human [1]
    A/MD/12/1991(H1N1) 98% Human AAA51491
    A/Ohio/3559/1988(H1N1) 98% Human ABU80404
    A/Ohio/3523/1988(H1N1) 97% Human AAA73104
    NA Novel protein Nf Nf Nf
    MP1 A/Hong Kong/1774/99(H3N2) 99% Human [3]
    NS1 /Wisconsin/10/1998(H1N1) 93% Human AAO88260
    A/Ontario/RV1273/2005(H3N2) 94% Human [2]
    Nf = Not found

    20
    Supplementary table 3. Reported cases of pig-human interspecies transmission of influenza A
    (H1N1) occurred in Iowa, Maryland and Wisconsin, USA between 1991 and 2006. These
    influenza virus subtypes possess genetic distinctness compared to main cluster of human
    influenza A (H1N1) viruses

    Influenza A virus subtype Evidence linking pig- Reference


    human infection
    A/Iowa/CEID23/2005 (H1N1) Yes [1]
    A/Wisconsin/10/1998 Insufficient data [4]
    A/Wisconsin/4754/1994 Yes [5]
    A/Maryland/12/1991 Yes [5]
    A/MD/12/1991 Yes [5]
    A/Wisconsin/4755/1994 Yes [5]
    A/Wisconsin/87/2005 Yes [6]
    A/Iowa/01/2006 Yes [6]

    21
    References

    1. Gray GC, McCarthy T, Capuano AW, Setterquist SF, Olsen CW, Alavanja MC: Swine
    workers and swine influenza virus infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2007, 13:1871-1878.
    2. Olsen CW, Karasin AI, Carman S, Li Y, Bastien N, Ojkic D, Alves D, Charbonneau G,
    Henning BM, Low DE, et al: Triple reassortant H3N2 influenza A viruses, Canada,
    2005. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12:1132-1135.
    3. Gregory V, Lim W, Cameron K, Bennett M, Marozin S, Klimov A, Hall H, Cox N, Hay
    A, Lin YP: Infection of a child in Hong Kong by an influenza A H3N2 virus closely
    related to viruses circulating in European pigs. J Gen Virol 2001, 82:1397-1406.
    4. Zhou NN, Senne DA, Landgraf JS, Swenson SL, Erickson G, Rossow K, Liu L, Yoon K,
    Krauss S, Webster RG: Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A
    viruses in American pigs. J Virol 1999, 73:8851-8856.
    5. Wentworth DE, Thompson BL, Xu X, Regnery HL, Cooley AJ, McGregor MW, Cox NJ,
    Hinshaw VS: An influenza A (H1N1) virus, closely related to swine influenza virus,
    responsible for a fatal case of human influenza. J Virol 1994, 68:2051-2058.
    6. Shinde V, Bridges CB, Uyeki TM, Shu B, Balish A, Xu X, Lindstrom S, Gubareva LV,
    Deyde V, Garten RJ, et al: Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) in Humans in
    the United States, 2005-2009. N Engl J Med 2009.

    22

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