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Vous serez de plus en plus amenés à exprimer votre opinion à l’oral et à l’écrit.
Voici les bases pour construire une argumentation écrite en anglais :
1. Analysez le sujet
Ex : “Should mobile phones be banned in public places?”
“Money can’t buy happiness. Discuss.”
“Would you be ready to go and work abroad? Why or why not?”
Au brouillon, analysez et définissez clairement les termes du sujet.
Répartissez en deux colonnes les arguments et les exemples répondant aux
deux aspects de la question (“Yes/ No” ou “For/Against”). Construisez votre
plan, en gardant l’argument le plus convaincant pour la fin.
4. Conclusion
Votre conclusion doit apporter la réponse à la question posée dans
l’introduction. Cette étape doit être particulièrement soignée car c’est sur cette
dernière impression que va rester votre correcteur avant de vous attribuer une
note.
Voici les principaux mots de liaison que vous devez apprendre par cœur pour
les utiliser à l’oral et à l’écrit :
◊ La chronologie
- at first (= tout d’abord)/ for a start / to start with/ to begin with (= pour
commencer)...
- then (= ensuite) / secondly / afterwards (= après) / on the one hand … on the
other hand (= d’une part … d’autre part)...
- finally / eventually / at last (= finalement, enfin) / to conclude (= pour
conclure)...
Ex: First, we'll visit Soho. Then we'll go shopping. At last, we'll go to the
pictures.
◊ La cause, la suite, la conséquence, le résultat
- because / as / since (= puisque)...
- moreover / besides (= de plus) / and...
- consequently / therefore (= par conséquent)/ so (= donc)...
Ex: Since you're so clever, why don't you do it?
She's good-looking; besides, she's charming.
It's raining, therefore I'm not going out tonight.
◊ Le contraste, l'opposition, la concession
- but / however (= cependant) / yet (= pourtant)...
- whereas (= alors que)
- though, although (= bien que) / unlike (= contrairement à)...
- in spite of (= en dépit de) / despite (= malgré)...
Ex: It looks simple, yet it is very complicated.
Unlike his brother, he likes maths.
I understand her in spite of her accent.
◊ Le but, la finalité
- to (= pour + verbe) / in order to (= afin de).../ for (= pour + GN)
Ex: They went to Ireland in order to play golf.
◊ La condition
- if / provided (that) ou providing (that) (= pourvu que) / unless (= à moins que)
/ otherwise (= sinon)...
Ex: Don't buy it unless you really want to.
Practise: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate link words.
1. ____________________ he is rich and famous, he is not happy.
2. You can borrow my car _____________________you bring it back tomorrow.
3. _______________________her reputation, she is not a very good writer.
4. To start with, I'll have a salad, ______________________, I'll try the lobster.
5. The match will take place __________________ the bad weather conditions.
6. I work very hard ____________________ get a promotion.
7. Don't cross that street ____________________ you have to.
8. He bought that tie ___________________ please her.
9. Let her go _____________________ she's going to be late.
10. __________________ it's raining I'm taking my raincoat.
11. He loves music, _________________________ he never goes to concerts.
12. I opened the window ____________________ it was too hot in the room.
13. They didn't give him the job ____________________he was fully qualified.
14. I always play video games, _____________________ I don’t have time to do
my homework.
15. Alright, _______________ you must stop neglecting your studies.
__________________, you must catch the lessons you missed.