Voici un sujet sur Open Source Intelligence:

"L'importance de l'Open Source Intelligence dans la collecte d'informations

modernes"

Dans un monde où l'information est plus accessible que jamais, l'Open Source
Intelligence (OSINT) est devenu un outil crucial pour la collecte d'informations. Cette
méthode de collecte d'informations consiste à utiliser des sources publiques, telles
que les médias sociaux, les sites web, les publications gouvernementales et d'autres
sources d'information accessibles au public pour rassembler des informations sur une
question ou une question en particulier. En utilisant ces sources, les professionnels
peuvent obtenir des informations précieuses sans avoir à accéder à des informations
classifiées ou restreintes.

L'OSINT est largement utilisé dans de nombreuses industries, y compris la sécurité

nationale, la défense, les affaires et la recherche. Il peut être utilisé pour prendre des
décisions éclairées, évaluer les menaces, identifier des tendances et des tendances
émergentes, et fournir une image plus complète de la situation.

Cependant, malgré son importance, l'OSINT présente également des défis. Les
sources publiques peuvent ne pas toujours être fiables et peuvent contenir des
informations incorrectes ou biaisées. Il est donc important de vérifier et de vérifier les
informations collectées à partir de ces sources pour s'assurer de leur précision.

En conclusion, l'OSINT est un outil précieux pour la collecte d'informations, mais il est
important de l'utiliser avec précaution pour s'assurer de la fiabilité des informations
obtenues. Avec les bons outils et les bonnes méthodes, l'OSINT peut aider les
professionnels à prendre des décisions plus éclairées et à mieux comprendre le
monde qui les entoure.

"‫"أهمية استخبارات المصادر المفتوحة في جمع المعلومات الحديثة‬

‫ أصبحت المعلومات مفتوحة المصدر‬، ‫( في عالم أصبح الوصول إلى المعلومات فيه أكثر سهولة من أي وقت مضى‬OSINT)
‫ وإبالغك بوسائل التواصل‬، ‫ تتضمن طريقة جمع المعلومات هذه استخدام المصادر العامة‬.‫عنصرً ا حاس ًم ا في جمع المعلومات‬
‫ حول مسألة أو‬6‫االجتماعي والمواقع اإللكترونية والمنشورات الحكومية ومصادر األخبار التلقائية المتاحة للجمهور لجمع معلومات‬
‫ يمكن للمهنيين الحصول على معلومات قيمة دون الحاجة إلى الوصول إلى معلومات‬، ‫ باستخدام هذه المصادر‬. .‫مسألة بشكل جزئي‬
‫سرية أو مقيدة‬.

‫ يستخدم‬OSINT ‫ يمكن استخدامه‬.‫ بما في ذلك األمن القومي والدفاع واألعمال والبحث‬، ‫على نطاق واسع في العديد من الصناعات‬
‫لتحديد القرارات مسب ًق ا وتقييم التهديدات وتحديد االتجاهات وحاالت الطوارئ وتقديم صورة أكثر اكتماالً من الموقف‬.

‫ وف ًقا ألهمية‬OSINT ، ‫ قد ال تكون المصادر العامة موثوقة دائمًا وقد تحتوي على معلومات غير صحيحة أو‬.‫من المهم حماية نفسك‬
‫ من هذه المصادر والتحقق منها للتأكد من دقتها‬6‫ من المهم التحقق من المعلومات التي تجمعها‬.‫متحيزة‬.
‫أداة قيمة لجمع المعلومات ‪ ،‬ولكن من المهم استخدام احتياطات لضمان موثوقية المعلومات التي تم الحصول ‪ OSINT‬في الختام ‪ ،‬يعد‬
‫مساعدة المهنيين على اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة وفهم العالم من حولهم ‪ OSINT‬عليها‪ .‬باستخدام األدوات واألساليب المناسبة ‪ ،‬يمكن لـ‬
‫‪.‬بشكل أفضل‬

‫‪"L'importance de l'Open Source Intelligence dans la collecte d'informations‬‬

‫"‪aujourd'hui‬‬

‫‪L'Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) est devenu un élément clé de la collecte‬‬

‫‪d'informations dans le monde moderne. Avec l'explosion de la quantité de données‬‬
‫‪disponibles en ligne, l'OSINT a permis d'accéder à des informations précieuses sur‬‬
‫‪une variété de sujets sans avoir besoin d'accéder à des informations classées ou‬‬
‫‪restreintes. Ce sujet explore l'importance de l'OSINT dans la collecte d'informations‬‬
‫‪aujourd'hui, en examinant ses applications dans les domaines du renseignement, de‬‬
‫‪la sécurité nationale, des affaires et du marketing. Nous examinerons également les‬‬
‫‪avantages et les inconvénients de l'utilisation de l'OSINT, ainsi que les moyens de‬‬
‫‪maximiser sa valeur pour les utilisateurs. Enfin, nous discuterons des défis futurs pour‬‬
‫‪la collecte d'informations en ligne et de la façon dont l'OSINT continuera de jouer un‬‬
‫‪rôle important dans l'avenir.‬‬

‫"أهمية استخبارات المصادر المفتوحة في جمع المعلومات اليوم"‬

‫جزءًا رئيسيًا من جمع المعلومات في العالم الحديث‪ .‬مع االنفجار في كمية البيانات )‪ (OSINT‬أصبحت االستخبارات مفتوحة المصدر‬
‫الوصول إلى معلومات قيمة حول مجموعة متنوعة من الموضوعات دون الحاجة إلى ‪ OSINT‬المتاحة عبر اإلنترنت ‪ ،‬أتاحت‬
‫في جمع المعلومات اليوم ‪ ،‬ودراسة تطبيقاتها في ‪ OSINT‬الوصول إلى معلومات سرية أو مقيدة‪ .‬يستكشف هذا الموضوع أهمية‬
‫باإلضافة إلى ‪ OSINT ،‬مجاالت االستخبارات واألمن القومي واألعمال والتسويق‪ .‬سننظر أي ً‬
‫ضا في إيجابيات وسلبيات استخدام‬
‫في لعب ‪ OSINT‬طرق زيادة قيمتها للمستخدمين‪ .‬أخيرً ا ‪ ،‬سنناقش التحديات المستقبلية لجمع المعلومات عبر اإلنترنت وكيف ستستمر‬
‫دور مهم في المستقبل‬

‫موضوع على استخبارات المصادر المفتوحة‬

‫"في عالم اإلعالم والتحليل االستخباري )‪ (OSINT‬مدى أهمية استخبارات المصادر المفتوحة"‬

‫في العصور الحديثة‪ ،‬حصلت على إنتاج وتوزيع المعلومات على نطاق واسع نتيجة لتطور التكنولوجيا ونمو اإلنترنت‪ .‬وكان ذلك عالوة "‬
‫على زيادة الحاجة إلى الحصول على معلومات دقيقة وموثوق بها في األعمال والقضايا الحكومية‪ .‬ومن خالل الجمع بين المعلومات من‬
‫تلعب دورً ا ها ًما في تحليل االستخبارات وتوفير المعلومات )‪ (OSINT‬مصادر عامة متاحة‪ ،‬كانت استخبارات المصادر المفتوحة‬
‫‪.‬لإلجراءات الصحيحة‬

‫تلعب دورً ا ها ًم ا في الحفاظ على األمان واألمان‪ ،‬وتحليل المخاطر والتهديدات‪ (OSINT) ،‬ال شك أن استخبارات المصادر المفتوحة‬
‫أكثر تأثيرً ا في عصرنا الحالي‪ .‬ولذلك‪ OSINT ،‬وإجراء دراسات السوق‪ .‬ومع زيادة المعلومات المتاحة عبر اإلنترنت‪ ،‬أصبح أهمية‬
‫وتضمينه ‪ OSINT،‬يجب على الجهات الحكومية واألعمال أن تتخذ الخطوات الالزمة لتطوير وتحسين نظام‬
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open
sources (covert and publicly available sources) to produce actionable intelligence. OSINT is
primarily used in national security, law enforcement, and business intelligence functions and is of
value to analysts who use non-sensitive intelligence in answering classified, unclassified,
or proprietary intelligence requirements across the previous intelligence disciplines.[1]
OSINT sources can be divided up into six different categories of information flow: [2]

 Media, print newspapers, magazines, radio, and television from across and between

countries.
 Internet, online publications, blogs, discussion groups, citizen media (i.e. – cell
phone videos, and user created content), YouTube, and other social media websites (i.e.
– Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.). This source also outpaces a variety of other sources
due to its timeliness and ease of access.
 Public government data, public government reports, budgets, hearings, telephone
directories, press conferences, websites, and speeches. Although this source comes from an
official source they are publicly accessible and may be used openly and freely.
 Professional and academic publications, information acquired from journals, conferences,
symposia, academic papers, dissertations, and theses.
 Commercial data, commercial imagery, financial and industrial assessments, and
databases.
 Grey literature, technical reports, preprints, patents, working papers, business documents,
unpublished works, and newsletters.
OSINT is distinguished from research in that it applies the process of intelligence to create
tailored knowledge supportive of a specific decision by a specific individual or group. [3]

Definition[edit]
OSINT is defined in the United States of America by Public Law 109-163 as cited by both the
U.S. Director of National Intelligence and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), as intelligence
"produced from publicly available information that is collected, exploited, and disseminated in a
timely manner to an appropriate audience for the purpose of addressing a specific intelligence
requirement."[4] As defined by NATO, OSINT is intelligence "derived from publicly available
information, as well as other unclassified information that has limited public distribution or
access."[5]
According to political scientist Jeffrey T. Richelson, “open source acquisition involves procuring
verbal, written, or electronically transmitted material that can be obtained legally. In addition to
documents and videos available via the Internet or provided by a human source, others are
obtained after U.S. or allied forces have taken control of a facility or site formerly operated by a
foreign government or terrorist group.”[6]
Former Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis Mark M. Lowenthal defines OSINT
as “any and all information that can be derived from overt collection: all types of media,
government reports and other documents, scientific research and reports, commercial vendors of
information, the Internet, and so on. The main qualifiers to open-source information are that it
does not require any type of clandestine collection techniques to obtain it and that it must be
obtained through means that entirely meet the copyright and commercial requirements of the
vendors where applicable."[7]
History
OSINT in the United States traces its origins to the 1941 creation of the Foreign Broadcast
Monitoring Service (FBMS), an agency responsible for the monitoring of foreign broadcasts. An
example of their work was the correlation of changes in the price of oranges in Paris with
successful bombings of railway bridges during World War II.[8]
The Aspin-Brown Commission stated in 1996 that US access to open sources was "severely
deficient" and that this should be a "top priority" for both funding and DCI attention.[9]
In July 2004, following the September 11 attacks, the 9/11 Commission recommended the
creation of an open-source intelligence agency.[10] In March 2005, the Iraq Intelligence
Commission recommended[11] the creation of an open-source directorate at the CIA.
Following these recommendations, in November 2005 the Director of National
Intelligence announced the creation of the DNI Open Source Center. The Center was established
to collect information available from "the Internet, databases, press, radio, television, video,
geospatial data, photos and commercial imagery." [12] In addition to collecting openly available
information, it would train analysts to make better use of this information. The center absorbed
the CIA's previously existing Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), originally established
in 1941, with FBIS head Douglas Naquin named as director of the center. [13] Then, following the
events of 9/11 the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act merged FBIS and other
research elements into the Office of the Director of National Intelligence creating the Open
Source Enterprise.
Furthermore, the private sector has invested in tools which aid in OSINT collection and analysis.
Specifically, In-Q-Tel, a Central Intelligence Agency supported venture capital firm in Arlington,
VA assisted companies develop web-monitoring and predictive analysis tools.
In December 2005, the Director of National Intelligence appointed Eliot A. Jardines as
the Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open Source to serve as the Intelligence
Community's senior intelligence officer for open source and to provide strategy, guidance and
oversight for the National Open Source Enterprise.[14] Mr. Jardines has established the National
Open Source Enterprise[15] and authored intelligence community directive 301. In 2008, Mr.
Jardines returned to the private sector and was succeeded by Dan Butler who is
ADDNI/OS[16] and previously Mr. Jardines' Senior Advisor for Policy.[17]

Tools[edit]
The web browser is a powerful OSINT tool that provides access to numerous websites and both
open source and proprietary software tools that are either purpose-built for open source
information collection or which can be exploited for the purposes of either gathering of open
source information or to facilitate analysis and validation to provide intelligence. A cottage
industry of both for-profit and not-for-profit investigative and educational groups such as
Bellingcat, IntelTechniques SANS and others offer indices, books, podcasts and video training
materials on OSINT tools and techniques. Books such as Michael Bazzell's Open Source
Intelligence Techniques serve as indices to resources across multiple domains but according the
author, due to the rapidly changing information landscape, some tools and techniques change or
become obsolete frequently, hence it is imperative for OSINT researchers to study, train and
survey the landscape of source material regularly.[18] A guide by Ryan Fedasiuk, an analyst at
the Center for Security and Emerging Technology, lists six tools open-source analysts can use to
stay safe and utlize operational security (OPSEC) when conducting online investigations. These
include VPNs, cached webpages, digital archive services, URL and file scanners, browser
sandbox applications, and antivirus software.[19]
Numerous lists of aggregated OSINT content are available on the web. The OSINT Framework
contains over 30 primary categories of tools and is maintained as an open source project
on GitHub.[20]
Risks for practitioners[edit]
A main hindrance to practical OSINT is the volume of information it has to deal with ("information
explosion"). The amount of data being distributed increases at a rate that it becomes difficult
to evaluate sources in intelligence analysis. To a small degree the work has sometimes been
done by amateur crowd-sourcing. [21]
Accredited journalists have some protection in asking questions, and researching for recognized
media outlets. Even so, they can be imprisoned, even executed, for seeking out OSINT. Private
individuals illegally collecting data for a foreign military or intelligence agency is
considered espionage in most countries. Of course, espionage that is not treason (i.e. betraying
one's country of citizenship) has been a tool of statecraft since ancient times. [22]

Professional Association[edit]
The OSINT Foundation is a professional association for OSINT practitioners in the United States
Intelligence Community.[23] It is open to U.S. Citizens and seeks to raise the prominence of the
open-source intelligence discipline. [24]