Indet Bimore

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INDET BIMORE

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GALK\ @GMJPK
Xbumï `gmï tï udïtn trupga k onaï tï alïrtunr vktïm prkc acï qkdgzk. \k oïtj `gmï tï fcgtbn
iuaosgjakt cktïsjrk g oryka acï qkdgzï. Jrfnagzgmg g `gmïvk on sbounr lrkct cktïs aï ijrmï
ojdjagk, ou qkdgznt pns alnrcks auo dnrfjbka, pjr m`ktka tï `nsbounrn aï dglbck tï lj`ït jsk
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tï ijrtï. Xbumï `gmï tï udïtn lbk tï fcgtbn `gmït k dnrtn onaï trup sbumïqkdgzjr. ^kdgznt k
oïtyrk `gmïvk onaï ijrmï, alïrtgm lbk iuaosgja tï sbumïddjcsbïm. @nsbogmg g qkdgznvk qï


afcncaï afn pnmcn k cnsbtmk, qï onaï tï acïctga alïrtgm, tï acïctga iuaosgja k tï acïctïa
jrgfcgaï qubkt GAL.

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Galkt alnbka aï ly frupk 3

>. Galk orgcuksk (mkrgstkmntgok), qkdgznt k tï hgdïvk, luok u alnrï k lgikrkahunr, cnpga
mntkrgnd pïr orgcgmga k galkvk tï tckrn.
Did you0.find
Galkthis document
tï rrgturn useful?
jsk pïriualgmtnrk, qkdgznt k tï hgdnvk k onaï bum`ur nitïsgaï alnrïsk
lbk k mnrrga ijrmïa pïriualgmtnrk aï vnrïsg tï iuaosgjagt qï orykcaï.

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Jrfnagzgmg g ojdjagsï tk ndfnt

KRIJUESEINDET

ALK\ OP C[KXK

Xgpns jrgfcgaïs alnbka aï 3 galk orgcuksk (mkrgstkmn) tï pnrn lbk galk orgcuksk
(mkrgstkmn) tï lytn. Galkt orgcuksk tï pnrn aljlbka aï mncka k oïrhkddgt lbk tï rrïacïs.
^kdgznt k mncïs sï pgoks rrgtïsk luok u alnrï cnpga vnzblgmgsbt qkdgzn tï rkcn. ^kdgznt k
rkcn lgikrkahjbka aï galk tï alrysbmk pïriualgmtnrk , qï cnpga alïrtgmga k pnrk nantjmgo
tï oïrhkddgt lbk `ïcaï rrgtcka aï fcntïsg tï oïrhkddgt lbk rrïacïs.

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Oïtj galk cnaï tï algksbmk, nalnc aï mncïaa k oïrhkddgt cnaï tï

m`rjcturn afn fcktbzkt k sytbgt, alïrsn aï rrïacï afn oïsudn k rrïacïs.
Galkt orgcuksk aljlbka klbk aï ayckt k lgsn `gmïvk qï onaï rïalïsg tï
mnlbk pïr zbvgddgmga k `gmïvk aï fcntïsg, sgljmjs aï zbvgddgmga k
`gmïvk acïvckænrk, tï hgdnt pïr acï ojbï tï sbourtïr lubkt tï orykcaï
rrgtcka lbk tï dudïzjcaï k tï cnpga iryt. Galkt orgcuksk tï lytn (onm`gumg
lbk ikdjfckag) lnddjcaï anf tï pnrnt pïr afn jrgfcgan , lbk mïayrn k
alnrcks sï qkdgznvkpïr tï lbïaï qkdgzn tï rkcn. Ykprgmtnrgn k galkvk
orgcuksk tï lytn vnzblja fcntï tïrï cktïs sï `gmïvk. @gmït `ïcaï trnsbcka
k jrfnakvk tï tyrk )rrïacïs lbk oïrhkddgt) luok ijrmunr alïrtgmga k lytï
tï tyrk . Oïtj galk aljlbka aï rrïacïa k oïrhkdddgt tï `gmïvk
inrïzbvksburn lbk aï `gmït lgojtgdkljak tï inrïvksburnvk.. Mysbqkt, igkrant lbk
mjajojtgdkljakt cnaï pn tj.

ALK\ UÏPI[AL M\NPK

^kdgznt k galkvk pïriualgmtnrk k onaï bum`ur vktgaï alnrïsk. Aï `nzï tï iuaosgjagt galkt
pïriualgmtnrk alnbka aï 3

>. Galk m`rjctïsk (m`uduksk),

0. Galk pnrkaogmjrk ( tbkmkdjrk),
8. Galk mkonagok (m`ïsbtktïsk),
<. Galk pïræuksk (trnaspjrtuksk),
;. Galk skorktjrk (tnbgtïsk).

>.Galkt m`rjctïsk (m`uduksk) 3 fckalka aï sgpïrinqka k trupgt `gmjr lbk cnaï aï

ojatnot tk lrkcpkrlrkctk mk tk fctgbn algogmkt k mcklgsgt tk cnsbtkm,ak tk hgdga cktja `gmn.
Ntj m`rjcak `gmka afn nvuddgmg g tkpkrt, alrysbgmkt k mklbn tk tkmpkrnturks,lkpkrtgmg g
pnrnzgtkvk,lkmtgmkt k alrysbmk ktc. Ntj cnaï 3 kpglkrmn lbk tnpn

Kpglkrmn pkrinqksja galga m`rjctks tk korhkddgt lbk tk fcktbkvk.

Ukr`kbkt afn ack sbtrksk k vktmk k qkdgznvk. Ak lgsn ddjck tk
vkalkvk mk odgmk tk afrjbtk pkr`kbkt afn trg jsk mk sbumk
sbtrksn. ^kdgznt k kpglkrmgs cnak tk fcnddn, tk putbgturn alkrmckt
tyrk,pn bnpksgrn alkrqkdgzjrk.Xbgoj qkdgznt kpglkrmgok tk fcktbgt
ak igfurka ak naka k mnctk.

Kpglkrmn

0. Galk pnrkaogmjrk ( tbkmkdjrk)3 aljlbka ak mks tk galkvk tckrn. Oktj galk

onak iuaosgjak tk hnotunrn vnrksgsbt prkc vkalgt qk zkak ak trupga k `gmks. U.sb., ak fcktbk
orykcak iuaosgjaga k ijtjsgatkzks skpsk ak qkdgznt k tyrk aljlbka odjrjpdnstkt. \ko
irytkt,inrnt,okrhkddg,zbnrlbjou,`ud`n,rgzjmg lbk rrkacn sbkr`ka pkr rkzkrvgm tk dkalkvk
usbqyksk. Ak fcktbk lbk okrhkdd tk `gmkvk onotusjrk tk vkalkvk tk tbntn sbkr`ka pkr
rkzkrvgm tk ucgt.

8.Galk mkonagok (m`ïsbtktïsk) 3 g cnpga `gmks ijrhk lbk kdnstghgtkt. Ntj cnak trg
ddjcksb 3 ojdkaogmn,sodkrkaogmn lbk sodkrkglkt. Okrhkct k lgsn `gmkvk sg ntj tk tbkorks,qk
cnak <55 bkrk mk tk fcntn sk sn tk fckrn lbk ak mnck m`ncak onddgrga pdjt mk lrgtbkrn afn
krn pkroudka nq sbumk, sn onddgrg k prko tjoka. Unsg tk landkt krn, okrhkddg on nitksgak tk
lrkctjbkt ak snck tk ijrhks lbk kdnstghgtktgt qk onak galkt mkonagok.
<. Galkt pïræuksk (trnaspjrtuksk) 3sbkr`kcak pkr pkræunrcka k ucgt lbk dkalkvk
mgalkrndk lbk jrfnagok tk trkturn ak tk. Cnak galkt mk tk pkrsjsurn afn tk fcgtbn galkt k
tckrn. Galkt pïræuksk cnak tk alkrtunrn ak ntk mkayrkqk fcntk dkvgzcks sk ucgt mk dkalkt k
trkturn ak tk tk mjs oktk pkafksn , pkroualrnzg tk dkbtksjcak ondgmga k tyrk. ^kdgznt k
oktyrk galkvk cnak tk fcntn ak ijrmk fypnsb lbk qubka kak pkrquksk. Kakt pkrquksk cnak

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ly ddjcksb 3 osgdkmn qï sbkr`ka pkr pïræunrcka k ucgt mk dkalkt mgakrndk lbk idjkmn pkr
pïræunrcka k ucgt mk dkalkt jrfnagok.

;. Galk skorktjrk (tnbgtïsk) 3 orykcaï iuaosgjak tk rkalksgsbmk `gjdjfcgok lbk

kojajmgok. Lnddjcmk galkt skorktjrk tk cnsbtmk lbk tk `rkalsbmk. Galkt skorktjrk tk cnsbtmk
aljlbka ak kpglkrmka k okrhkddgt, tk fcktbkvk, pktndkvk,qgmkvk lbk fckalrrnvk
skorktjrk.^kdgznt k oktyrk galkvk cnak mk tk mklbn sksn tk tckrnt. Usb. skpndkt k trkalnigdgt ak
kpglkrmka k tyrk onak qkdgzn qk cnak mk tk mklbn sksn tk tckrnt, tk hgdnt skorktjcak vncrn k qk
oktj `gmk g `kcak nrjmntgok.

Igfurnt aï tï mnctï sgpns

rnlbgtcks3

>.Galg pnrkaogmjr

SclerenchymaCellT.S 0. Galkt mkonagok ( Ojdkaogmn)

8. Galkt mkonagok (Xodkrkaogmn)

<. Galkt pïræuksk (Osgdkmn)

;. Galkt pïræuksk(Idjkmn)

Uyktck 3

>. Lkigajag æon aïaouptjcmï mk gal. Uuagm pïr ljsck 3 - Ygzntjag lbk afcyrjsag Galkt
`gmjrk tk pnrnqgturn ak ijtj, ak ack ktk tk
0. Pnlbgtag galkt ak `nzï tï jrgfcgaïs.
`nrlbk N<, jsk pnrnqgtag ak ktk mk nak tk
8. Ou aljlbka galkt orgcuksk: mntkrgndkvk tk alrysbmk.
<. Kmïrtj galkt k rrgturn.
;. Uïrsborunc rjdga k galgt m`rjctïs.

9. Nrsyktj psk `gmn k tbkorïs mual tï afrgtkt aï pjzgtï vkrtgondk pns pïroudcks sï snc lkrg
aï tjoï:

JPFNAK\ @GMJPK

Acï jrfna `gmjr ïsbtï g alïrtunr prkc lgsn galksb. Ælj gal on alïrtgmga lbk iuaosgjaga k vkt,
pjr tï fcgtbn sï `nsbou vkprjcaï sgacï tïrïsg k pnalnrï lbk orykcaï iuaosgjak tï hnotunrn, qï
cnaï tgpgok pïr ntï jrfna. Oïsbtu, rrïacn ïsbtï acï jrfna g pïr`ïrï prkc lgsn galksb, pjr tï
fcgtbn sï `nsbou algbmjcaï aï pïrijrhgmga k `gmïs pïr trundd, mnrrcka k ucgt k tï dïalïvk
mgakrndk lbk `nrtcka k tyrk aï jrfnak tckrn tï `gmïs sg aï oïrhkdd, fcktbk ,dudk,irytk.

OÏPHKDDG ‘ tï fcgtbn `gmït k dnrtn onaï oïrhkdd. Ng ïsbtï alïr jrfnakt mï tï rïalïsgsbmk
vkfcktntgvk tï ntyrk `gmïvk. Aï oïrhkdd ijrmjbka lbk vkaljska fcktbkt, dudkt lbk
irytkt.Ykalkt ou lndga fcktbkt qubka ayck tï oïrhkddgt, alïrsn bnpïsgrnt k oïrhkddgt alïrmckt
ayckvk qubka alïrayck. Oïrhkddg sbïr`ka pïr qnrouddgmga k ucgt lbk dïalïvk mgakrndk afn
rrïacn lkrg tk pcksït k tckrn, sg lbk pïr qnrouddgmga k dïalïvk usbqgmjrk (jrfnagok). Ng sbïr`ka
klbk sg jrfna pïr frum`uddgmga k dïalïvk usbqyksk rkskrvk jsk tï ucgt. Aï oïrhkddga k `gmïvk
`nrgsbtjrk sg lbk aï lkfït k rkcn tï lruacïvk orybkt prjhksg g ijtjsgatkzks. Oïrhkddg ksbtk
jrfnag G vktkm ak tk hgdga zbvgddjbka sytbnt. Urkc sytbnvk ijrmjbka `gsqkt. Xytbnt ijrmjbka
ak prnavkrk, ak vcksbtk bycak ak pkrgulbka k qktksgsk lbk zbvgdddjbka ak prnavkrka k vgtgt tk
nrlbsbkm luok lbkak `gsqk. Xytbnt mual tk ckak fcktbjr-qk k mualksjcak fcktbkzgmga k
okrhkddgt , jsk sytbn dudjrk- qk cnpga dudkt jsk dudksnt. Okrhkddg on ijrmk tk alrysbmk sg psb.
ijrmk rrktbg, ontkrokalksbg, trokalksbg tk sbtypur ktc. Ng on klbk mnlbksg tk alrysbmk psb tk
mysbqkt nrrgak mnlbksgak lkrg ak lgsn hm, ng G lrurgt tk nbut lkrg ak 85m, koundgptkt k
Nustrndgsk lkrg ak >;5m ktc. Ak `nzk tk ijrms,mnlbksgsk lbk alkrtgmgt `gmkt alnbka aï3

>. @gmk lruajrk- onak ack okrhkdd qk lnddjbkt qnrtk lbk qk lkfkzjbkt ak ack dnrtksg tk
hnotunr afn sgpkrinqcn k tjoks.Dnrtksgn k tyrk ksbtk k mnlbk.Okrhkddg g oktyrk `gmkvk
zonjagsbt on afcyrk tk murrmk.
0. @gmk sbourrjrk- lnddjbka afn lruajrk sk gu muafja okrhkddg oryksjr lbk lkfkzgmg
igddja prnak sgpkrinqks sk tjoks. Dnrtksgn k tyrk auo ondja 9 m. Oktu iutka klbk
fcysmksbourrkt qk cnak mglgs sbourrkvk lbk `gmkvk `nrgsbtjrk.

8. @gmk `nrgsbjrk ‘ okrhkddg g tyrk ksbtk g `utk, g fckd`kr lbk pn onm`gum. Okrhkddg g
sbumk `gmkvk `nrgsbtjrk qubkt onsbtk,pnsg pndhn ksbtk sbontkrrunr lbk okrhkddg ksbtkg
z`rnzkt. Mual tk ckak 3 ackvckænrk, lyvckænrk lbk sbumkvckænrk.

N. @gmkt `nrgsbtjrk acïvckænrk ‘ ak iual tk pkrgulbks vkfcktntgvk tbnbka

pdjtksgsbt.Oktu bycak sbumk `gmk tk kfrn lbk tk oudtgvunrn sg mgsrg,frurg,lubnag
ktc.
@. @gmk `nrgsbtjrk lyvckænrk - ak vgtga k pnrk tk rrkacks zbvgdjcakrrkacka,okrhkddga
lbk fcktbkt, alkrsn ak pckskt akatjoksjrk frum`uddjbka dkalkt usbqyksk rkskrvk
sg psb. rrkpn,onrjtn,pnaxbnrg.Ak prnavkrka k vgtgt tk lytk `gmn ckp okrhkddga dudjr
lbk pns irytgigogmgt tbnbkt pdjtksgsbt.
H. @gmkt `nrgsbtjrk sbumïvckænrk ‘ pcksn m`gtjoksjrk k `gmks tbnbkt ælj vgt lbk
rgpïrtrgbkt prnavkrka k vgtgt tk nrlbsbkm afn sgstkmg rrkacjr G hgdg cktja ack ojbk
sbumk tk fcntk.

>. @gmn lruajrk

0. @gmn `nrgsbjrk
8. @gmn sbourrjrk

PPÏACN - ksbtk jrfna vkfcktntgv g igkrgt lbk g `gmkvk mk inrk. Ncj fcntk zbvgddgmgt tk
`jtks `gmjrk ksbtk sbinqur vjak sg rrcklbjck k ondgmgt tk `gmkvk afn mcklgsg ucjrk ak
ntk tjoksjrk. \k `gmkt k udktn iuaosgjaga k rrkacks k duncak zfcntgmkt k quncturn rgzjglk

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mk alkrtgm sbumk mk tk tbcksbtk sksn rrkackt k vkrtktn. Mk nak tk rrkackvk `gmkt

pkrijrhjbka pkr trunddg (tjok), g mnrrga afn tjon ucga, mntkrgkt mgakrndk tk trkturn ak tk
sg lbk mntkrgkt jrfnagok tk hgdnt g trnaspjrtja pnstnc pkrmks okrhkddgt ak fcktbk.\k lgsn
`gmk , sg psb. tk onrrjtn, rrkacn sbkr`ka klbk pkr rkzkrvgmga npj lkpjagmga k
mntkrgkvk usbqyksk .

Ak `nzk tk iuaosgjagt lbk pnmcks sk cnsbtmk lnddjbka 3

>. Prkacn oryksjrk ‘ on ijrmk tk zfcntur,sbtrgrck vkrtgondk lbk lkpkrtja tbkddk ak

tjok. Sbvgddgmg g snc tk `gmkt k alrysbmk ousbtkzjbkt afn ddjcg g tjoks ou ncj
zbvgddjbkt. \k ddjckt k alrysbmk tk lrgtbkrnvk rrkacn oryksjrk zbvgddjbkt ack ojbk
tk sbourtkr k pnstnc zkvkalksjbkt afn rrkackt naksjrk.
0. Prkacn naksjrk - lndga afn rrkacn oryksjrk.

8. Prkacn mgtnok - our rrkacn oryksjrk jsk ntj naksjrk muafjcak jsk auo zbvgddjbka
mgrk, rrkakct mgtnok g zkvkalksjcak ntj , g bnsgm tk mgsrg lbk `gmkt k tckrn.

Prkackt mual tk okak ijrmn tk alrysbmk 3

n. @jsbtjrk- k on `jsbtga k ijrtk qkalrjr lbk lkfkt k bjddn. Xg psb. tk

`rklbg,pgsbn,cjaxbn ktc.
`. Ojagok ‘ sbumk k trnsbk ak ornbnsgm mk lkfkt pkackzjrk ou klbk ksbtk g
lkpjzgtunr usbqgmg rkzkrvk.
h. Rbuiojrk - tk lrgtbkrnt,qkpn ktc.

l. Prkpjrk - on ijrmk sikrgok lbk lkfk pkackzjrk psb , pnaxbnrg,rrkpn ktc.

RREPORE

KONIKE

BOSHTORE KHUFKORE

RRENIET
MITAKE

FCK\BK\ - cnak jrfnak vkfcktntgvk m`gtjoksjrk mk rrgtck tk ouigzunr. Ntj ijrmjbkt afn
galg orgcuks afn g hgdg ijrmjbkt klbk okrhkddg. Ijrmn lbk mnlbksg k tyrk ksbtk k alrysbmk.
Fcktbg on rkalksg tk mnlbk ,skpsk ak tk orybka trg prjhkskt tbkmkjrk3 ijtjsgatkzn,irymkmnrrcn
lbk trnaspgrgmg.Fcgtbnsbtu fcktbkt k sbumk `gmkvk onak rkalksg tk mnlbk mckoksjrk lbk
fckcak pkrljrgm ak galustrgak inrmnhkutgok.

Uckskt k fcktbgt cnak 3

Oïddïig- pcksn k `gsbtgt qk k m`ksbtkt pkr okrhkdd jsk pkr lkfk.

@gsbtg ‘ dglb ddnpka mk okrhkddga. Xbkr`ka pkr m`nctcka k ddnpks sg lbk pkrqunrcka k ucgt lbk
dkalkvk tckrn afn okrhkddg ak fcktb lbk nansckddtns. \k rrndddn cnak fcktbkt pn `gsbt sg psb.
fcktbkt k onrnigdgt.

Ddnpn ‘ pkr`kbkt afn inqcn k kpkrmk lbk k pjsbtmk.Nty ondjcak sbumk lkc, ou fckalka tuint
pkrquksk.\k fcgtbk lkctk pnrnqksga lkddkzgmga .Fcktbkt mk vktkm ack ddnpk qubka tk tbcksbtn
oursk ntj mk mk sbumk qubka tk pkr`krn.

D[DCN - jrfna rgprjlbuks

Ksbtk `gso g sbourtkr, g pnlkfkzunr,mk rrgtck tk ouigzunr,fcktbkt k sk hgdks cnak alrysbunr ak

jrfnak skosundk mk algbmksk pkr tk orykkr iuasogjaga k rgprjlbgmgt. Bkrkt afn prnavkrk afn
sytbnt dudjrk zbvgddjbkt dudcn. Dudcn m`nbkt ak lkfk mk nak tk `gsbtgt. Ucksn k sgpkrmk k
zfckrunr qubkt sbtrntg g dudks. Mnrrgm sbkm`udd dudka k qkrsbgsï 3 m`g sbtrntga k dudks fckalka
pckskt k dudks3 oupn k pkr`krk afn ; akapktndk(skpndk) tk `dkrtn. Oktj k m`rjcak dudka pnrn
dudkzgmgt lkrgsn nojmn ksbtk sytb, pnstnc ourjrn k hgdn pkr`kbkt afn ; pktndk tk `nrlbn tk hgdnt
cnak mk tk mklbn sk akapktndkt. Ak qkalrka k dudks fckalka ly ddjc jrfnaksb skosundk 3 tbkokt
lbk pgstgdg. Ælj tbko ksbtk g alkrtunr afn igddg lbk ly qksk pjdkam`nctksk tk m`usburn mk
ojorrrnt k pjdkagt qk qubka natkrn . Oursk pgstgdg pkr`kbkt afn vkzjrcn, sbtyddkzn lbk orkzn.Ak
vkzjrk fckalkt jvudn . M`ns dudkzgmgt vkzjrcn sbkalkrrjbkt ak irut oursk jvudn ak inrk.\k
dudcn k qkrsbgsk tbkokt lbk psgtgdg fckalka ak tk ackctka dudk , oktj dudk qubka bkrmnirjlgtk jsk
lyskosjrk. Oursk `gmkt tk hgdnt pgstgdg lbk tbkokt auo fckalka ak tk ackctka dudk qubka
ackskosjrk sg psb dudkt k sbkfut,pdkpgt,onddgrgt ktc.

>. UK\NDK\
0. IGDDG
8. NA\KPN \BKOÏ\
<. OPKSN
;. XB\WDDÏSN
9. YKSJPCN
6. JY[DN
2. UGX\GDG

XKUNDK\

XB\PN\G G D[DKX

@GXB\G

D[DCN K ^KPXBGXÏ ‘ D[DK LWXKOXJPK

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