NFP106 : Intelligence Artificielle Fiche No 9 2023-2024

Correction

Exercice 2
Soit la carte suivante décrivant les frontières entre 4 régions R1 , R2 , R3 et R4 . On
voudrait colorier la carte en utilisant uniquement les couleurs rouge, bleu et vert, de
sorte que R1 soit en bleu ou en vert; R2 et R3 soient en rouge ou en bleu; et R4 soit
en vert. Les régions voisines doivent être de couleurs différentes.

1. Donnez le graphe des contraintes modélisant ce problème comme

un problème de satisfaction de contraintes. Vous devez indiquer
les domaines des variables et les contraintes entre ces dernières.
2. Donnez le résultat de l’algorithme AC-3 sur ce problème.
Que concluez-vous de ce résultat?

1. Graphe des contraintes

1
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2

2
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2

3
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2

4
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2

5
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R1 R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1, R4→R2

6
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R1 R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1, R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R3 R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2

7
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R1 R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1, R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R3 R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R4 R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2

8
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R1 R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1, R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R3 R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R4 R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R} {V} R3→R1 R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
R2→R3

9
 R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R1 R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1, R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R3 R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R4 R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R} {V} R3→R1 R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
R2→R3
{B} {R} {} {V} R3→R2 R4→R1,R4→R2
R2→R3

Le domaine d’une variable devient vide. Il n’y a donc pas de solution.

10
A l’examen, il suffit de donner ce qui suit :

2. Résultat de l’algorithme AC-3

R1 R2 R3 R4 AC-3 file : arcs à vérifier
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2, R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R2 R1→R3,R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B,V} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R3 R1→R4
R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R,B} {R,B} {V} R1→R4 R2→R1, R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R1 R2→R3,R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1, R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R3 R2→R4
R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R,B} {V} R2→R4 R3→R1, R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
{B} {R} {R} {V} R3→R1 R3→R2
R4→R1,R4→R2
R2→R3
{B} {R} {} {V} R3→R2 R4→R1,R4→R2
R2→R3

Le domaine d’une variable devient vide. Il n’y a donc pas de solution.

11