La Grammaire Dynamique de LAnglais Parti

CINQUIÉME PARTIE
INTRODUCTION AUX EXERCICES

Les exercices sont tous suivis de leurs corrections. Malgré tout le soin porté à les vérifier il y a
probablement quelques erreurs. Soyez donc indulgents. Je vous conseille de faire une série de cinq
exercices, puis de vérifier la correction avec soin. Je vous conseille de refaire les mêmes exercices un, deux
ou trois jours plus tard. La mémoire devrait vous aider mais n’oubliez pas que c’est en se souvenant de
constructions rencontrées préalablement que l’on apprend une langue, du moins dans un premier temps qui
peut être plus ou moins long selon les individus.
Contenu de cette partie :
ARTICLES
BEGIN STOP
CAUSATIVES
CLAUSE CONNECTIONS
COMPARATIVES SUPERLATIVES
COMPOUND NOUNS & ADJECTIVES
EXCLAMATIONS
FOR SINCE AGO
FUTURE CONDITIONAL
GENITIVE
GERUND VS INFINITIVE
HAVE
IF CLAUSES
INDEFINITE DETERMINERS
INDIRECT SPEECH
INFINITIVE CLAUSES V + TO V
INTERROGATIVE FORM
INTERRO-NEGATIVE FORM
MODALS
NUMERALS
PASSIVE
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
PLURALS AND QUANTIFIERS
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
PREPOSITIONS
PRESENT PERFECT PLUPERFECT
PRETERITE CONDITIONAL
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS TAGS
RELATIVE CLAUSES
TENSES & ASPECTS
THE PROGRESSIVE
VERBAL CONSTRUCTIONS
WANT TO, VOLITION VERBS
© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 1

ARTICLES
EXERCICES
1- Complete the following sentences with a, an, the, if necessary.
a- Did you know that Tom’s brother was … engineer?
b- My daughter Alice hates going to … school.
c- … moon was so bright that you could see everything around.
d- When … moon or … planet is in front of … sun, it causes an eclipse.
e- … rich should always help … poor.
f- I used to play … piano, but I haven’t practiced for years.
g- … United States export ten times more industrial products than … England does.
h- Why don’t you give him … book we saw this afternoon at Foyles’s?
i- He broke into a bank and spent four years in … prison.
j- … English have always been pet-lovers.
2- Complete the following sentences with a, an, the, if necessary.

a- Our nation has an excellent welfare system that takes care of … ill and … poor.
b- It was stupid of him to go out without … coat in such cold weather.
c- Eggs cost 30p … dozen last week, but the price has now gone up.
d- Peter wants to study … German and … mathematics next year.
e- I wish I could play … guitar.
f- It was … first time we hadn’t gone to … church on Sunday morning.
g- … most exciting day in our trip was when we went on a safari.
h- It’s … last house in the village.
i- I suppose … person who phoned this morning must be one of my students.
j- Didn’t you know that Robert had … accident last July? He had spend three weeks in … hospital.
3- Fill in the gaps with Ø, a, an, or the

a) Electricity Generation
…………… electricity generation is …………… conversion of other forms of …………… energy into
…………… electrical energy. …………… electrical energy can easily and safely be converted into
…………… heat, …………… light, or …………… mechanical forms. It can also be conveyed from place to
place by means of …………… metal wires. …………… electricity is generated in …………… power stations.
Two commonly used methods are …………… coal-fired and …………… nuclear power-stations. In
…………… coal-fired station, …………… water is converted into …………… steam in …………… tubes of
…………… boiler heated by …………… burning of …………… coal-dust. …………… steam is saturated by
…………… exposure to …………… water in …………… boiler drum and then superheated to ……………
temperature of about 550°C.
b- Earth Day 1990 : Going Global

On …………… April 22, 1970, …………… first Earth Day, …………… 20 million participants will show how
much …………… Americans care about …………… environmental issues. …………… organizers of Earth
Day 1990 hope to show this interest has expanded into …………… concern for …………… future of
…………… whole planet. Denis Hayes, …………… coordinator of …………… first Earth Day, says that
…………… participants will focus on …………… local issues : …………… toxic waste dump, ……………
location of …………… power-plant. We want people to learn that they can understand and influence
…………… environment. If they insulate their houses or use …………… energy-efficient appliances and
cars, they can help reduce …………… atmospheric pollution and …………… Global warming without
…………… major changes in their life-styles. Every participant will be asked to plant …………… tree as
…………… symbol of …………… role …………… trees play in removing …………… carbon dioxide from
…………… atmosphere, controlling …………… erosion, serving as …………… windbreaks, providing
…………… firewood, retarding …………… desertification and offering …………… shade.
c-
i- …………… President Reagan and …………… Queen Elizabeth both like …………… horses.
ii- Ronald Reagan was taken to …………… hospital again …………… last week after he fell from his horse.
His wife Nancy has been to …………… hospital three times already to visit her husband.
iii- …………… Prince Charles does not mince his words when it comes to …………… architecture or
…………… environment.
iv- …………… Prince said clearly what he thought of …………… modern architecture.

v- …………… Harvard University is one of …………… most prestigious American universities.
vi- …………… University of California is also one of …………… best.
vii- …………… trains from Dover arrive at …………… Victoria Station.
viii- …………… Heathrow Airport is …………… busiest European airport.
ix- …………… school I went to was very near …………… airport.
x- We went to …………… school every morning at 8:00, and on our way back from …………… school, we
used to watch …………… planes landing.
xi- When I left …………… university, I went to …………… work in …………… Gatwick.
xii- …………… France has had …………… best rugby team in …………… Europe for years.
xiii- But …………… New Zealand’s and …………… Australia’s teams are far better.
xiv- There’s …………… game …………… next week, on …………… Saturday afternoon.
xv- The Night Flier is on …………… television tonight. You will have …………… description of ……………
film in …………… TV Guide that is on …………… television, under …………… bottle of …………… whisky I
bought …………… yesterday.
xvi- My grand father always has …………… nap (he says siesta in his Italian language) after ……………
lunch on …………… veranda behind …………… house in …………… sunshine.
xvii- He was very ill …………… last year, and that year was …………… last year he worked. Since then he
has retired and he is very happy.
xviii- We were afraid he had …………… cancer.
xix- When he started playing …………… chess again, we understood he was all right. But now he also plays
…………… guitar and …………… piano. We think he is not very well in his head.
xx- I like to see him walking …………… hand in …………… hand with my grandmother. She plays
…………… dominoes in …………… afternoon and …………… trumpet in the evening. We have been
obliged to insulate their house because …………… neighbors were complaining about …………… noise.
xxi- Occasionally they even play …………… tennis with …………… neighbors from down the road, those
who live in …………… pink house, …………… one that has …………… blue windows and …………… green
door.
4- Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or Ø.

a- In … consumer society, …people tend to pursue happiness in its most striking forms.
b- This is … matter of … life or … death.
c- Doesn’t she have … sense of … humor?
d- There is not … slightest doubt that … strike would be fatal to … company, but can we afford to grant …
workers … higher wages?
e- … fish I caught weighed four pounds.
f- It’s not easy to give a definition of … humor.
g- Princess Ann is … confirmed horsewoman.
h- Did you like … music of that film?
I- … boys are interested in … cars.
j- … French is … difficult language.
k- She works as … nurse.
5- Add a definite or indefinite article, or Ø, if none is necessary.

a- I am fond of … fish.
b- … fish I caught this morning weighed four pounds.
c- He works as … journalist.
d- It is not easy to give … definition of …humor.
e- Did you like … music of this film.
f- He goes to the pictures once … week.
g- … French is a difficult language.
h- He never goes out without … hat on his head.
I- … Prince of … Wales made … speech about … poverty.
j- … modern American art is not easy to understand.
k- … most boys are interested in cars.
6- Add a definite or indefinite article, or Ø, if none is necessary.

… France lies near … western end of … great Eurasian landmass, largely between … latitudes 42° and 51°
N, and covers … total area of 210,026 square miles. … capital is Paris. Roughly hexagonal in outline, its
continental territory is bordered on … northeast by … Belgium and … Luxembourg, on …. east by …
Germany, … Switzerland and … Italy, on … south by … Mediterranean Sea, … Spain, and … Andorra, on …
west by … Bay of Biscay, and on … northwest by … English Channel; on … north, … France faces …
southeastern England across … narrow Strait of Dover. … Monaco is … independent enclave on … south
coast, while … island of … Corsica in … Mediterranean is treated as … integral part of … country. …

France’s two mountain chains, ... Alps in … east and … Pyrenees in … southwest, form … natural frontiers
and thus leave only … northeastern land boundary – across which most of … great invasions of … nation
have been launched. This geopolitical situation may explain why … Rhine River has sometimes been
claimed as … natural boundary of … hexagon’s sixth side, and it helps to account for … relatively early
achievement of … national unity by … French people - … process initiated from … Paris and its surrounding
region, aptly named … Île de France. … climate is generally moderate, combining … Atlantic, …
Mediterranean and … continental influences.
7- Fill in the blanks with a or an.

a- … union.
b- … Eurasian.
c- … only child.
d- … eight.
e- … ewe.
f- … YMCA hostel.
g- … SOS.
8- Fill in the gaps with the if necessary.

a- … English think … French is a difficult language but … Esperanto is quite easy.
b- … Queen Elizabeth and … Duke of … Edinburgh have invited … King of … Belgium and … Queen
Fabiola.
c- He had an accident yesterday and he was taken to … hospital.
d- Let’s go to … hospital and enquire how he is.
9- Fill in the blanks with a/an/the/Ø/some/any as necessary.

a- … Queen never carries … money except … money she needs at … church.
b- He doesn’t usually drink … beer but he enjoyed … German beer they served in … restaurant last night.
c- He’s … pupil at … Comprehensive School in … Great Britain.
d- … apple …. day keeps … doctor away.
e- We haven’t got … food left at … home; let’s go and buy … bread and … cheese.
f- What … unusual idea: … dogs aren’t more intelligent than cats.
CORRECTION
1- a- Did you know that Tom’s brother was AN engineer?

b- My daughter Alice hates going to (zero) school.
c- THE moon was so bright that you could see everything around.
d- When THE moon or A planet is in front of THE sun, it causes an eclipse.
e- THE rich should always help THE poor.
f- I used to play THE piano, but I haven’t practiced for years.
g- THE United States export ten times more industrial products than Ø England does.
h- Why don’t you give him THE book we saw this afternoon at Foyles’s?
i- He broke into a bank and spent four years in Ø prison.
j- THE English have always been pet-lovers.
2- a- Our nation has an excellent welfare system that takes care of THE ill and THE poor.
b- It was stupid of him to go out without A coat in such cold weather.
c- Eggs cost 30p A dozen last week, but the price has now gone up.
d- Peter wants to study Ø German and Ø mathematics next year.
e- I wish I could play THE guitar.
f- It was THE first time we hadn’t gone to Ø church on Sunday morning.
g- THE most exciting day in our trip was when we went on a safari.
h- It’s THE last house in the village.
i- I suppose THE person who phoned this morning must be one of my students.
j- Didn’t you know that Robert had AN accident last July? He had spend three weeks in Ø hospital.
3- a) Electricity Generation
Ø electricity generation is THE conversion of other forms of Ø energy into Ø electrical energy. Ø electrical
energy can easily and safely be converted into Ø heat, Ø light, or Ø mechanical forms. It can also be
conveyed from place to place by means of Ø metal wires. Ø electricity is generated in Ø power stations. Two
commonly used methods are Ø coal-fired and Ø nuclear power-stations. In A coal-fired station, Ø water is
converted into Ø steam in THE tubes of THE/A boiler heated by THE burning of Ø coal-dust. THE steam is

saturated by Ø exposure to THE water in THE boiler drum and then superheated to A temperature of about
550°C.
b- Earth Day 1990 : Going Global

On Ø April 22, 1970, THE first Earth Day, Ø 20 million participants will show how much Ø/THE Americans
care about Ø environmental issues. THE organizers of Earth Day 1990 hope to show this interest has
expanded into Ø concern for THE future of THE whole planet. Denis Hayes, THE coordinator of THE first
Earth Day, says that THE/Ø participants will focus on Ø local issues : A toxic waste dump, THE location of A
power-plant. We want people to learn that they can understand and influence THE environment. If they
insulate their houses or use Ø energy-efficient appliances and cars, they can help reduce Ø atmospheric
pollution and Ø Global warming without Ø major changes in their life-styles. Every participant will be asked to
plant A tree as A symbol of THE role Ø trees play in removing Ø carbon dioxide from THE atmosphere,
controlling Ø erosion, serving as Ø windbreaks, providing Ø firewood, retarding Ø desertification and offering
Ø shade.
c-
i- Ø President Reagan and Ø Queen Elizabeth both like Ø horses.
ii- Ronald Reagan was taken to Ø hospital again Ø last week after he fell from his horse. His wife Nancy has
been to THE hospital three times already to visit her husband.
iii- Ø Prince Charles does not mince his words when it comes to Ø architecture or THE environment.
iv- THE Prince said clearly what he thought of Ø modern architecture.
v- Ø Harvard University is one of THE most prestigious American universities.
vi- THE University of California is also one of THE best.
vii- THE/ Ø trains from Dover arrive at Ø Victoria Station.
viii- Ø Heathrow Airport is THE busiest European airport.
ix- THE school I went to was very near THE airport.
x- We went to Ø school every morning at 8:00, and on our way back from Ø school, we used to watch THE/
Ø planes landing.
xi- When I left Ø/THE university, I went to Ø work in Ø Gatwick.
xii- Ø France has had THE best rugby team in Ø Europe for years.
xiii- But Ø New Zealand’s and Ø Australia’s teams are far better.
xiv- There’s A game Ø next week, on Ø Saturday afternoon.
xv- The Night Flier is on Ø television tonight. You will have THE description of THE film in THE TV Guide that
is on THE television, under THE bottle of Ø whisky I bought Ø yesterday.
xvi- My grand father always has A nap (he says siesta in his Italian language) after Ø lunch on THE veranda
behind THE house in THE sunshine.
xvii- He was very ill Ø last year, and that year was THE last year he worked. Since then he has retired and
he is very happy.
xviii- We were afraid he had Ø cancer.
xix- When he started playing Ø chess again, we understood he was all right. But now he also plays THE
guitar and THE piano. We think he is not very well in his head.
xx- I like to see him walking Ø hand in Ø hand with my grandmother. She plays Ø dominoes in THE
afternoon and THE trumpet in the evening. We have been obliged to insulate their house because THE
neighbors were complaining about THE noise.
xxi- Occasionally they even play Ø tennis with THE neighbors from down the road, those who live in A pink
house, THE one that has Ø blue windows and A green door.
4- a- In A consumer society, Ø people tend to pursue happiness in its most striking forms.
b- This is A matter of Ø life or Ø death.
c- Doesn’t she have A sense of Ø humor?
d- There is not THE slightest doubt that THE strike would be fatal to THE company, but can we afford to
grant Ø workers Ø higher wages?
e- THE fish I caught weighed four pounds.
f- It’s not easy to give a definition of Ø humor.
g- Princess Ann is A confirmed horsewoman.
h- Did you like THE music of that film?
I- Ø boys are interested in Ø cars.
j- Ø French is A difficult language.
k- She works as A nurse.
5- a- I am fond of Ø fish.

b- THE fish I caught this morning weighed four pounds.
c- He works as A journalist.
d- It is not easy to give A definition of Ø humor.
e- Did you like THE music of this film.
f- He goes to the pictures once A week.
g- Ø French is a difficult language.
h- He never goes out without A hat on his head.
i- THE Prince of THE Wales made A speech about Ø poverty.
j- Ø modern American art is not easy to understand.
k- Ø most boys are interested in cars.
6- Ø France lies near THE western end of THE great Eurasian landmass, largely between THE latitudes 42°
and 51° N, and covers A total area of 210,026 square miles. THE capital is Paris. Roughly hexagonal in
outline, its continental territory is bordered on THE northeast by Ø Belgium and Ø Luxembourg, on THE east
by Ø Germany, Ø Switzerland and Ø Italy, on THE south by THE Mediterranean Sea, Ø Spain, and Ø
Andorra, on THE west by THE Bay of Biscay, and on Ø northwest by THE English Channel; on THE north, Ø
France faces Ø southeastern England across THE narrow Strait of Dover. Ø Monaco is AN independent
enclave on THE south coast, while THE island of Ø Corsica in THE Mediterranean is treated as AN integral
part of THE country. Ø France’s two mountain chains, THE Alps in THE east and THE Pyrenees in THE
southwest, form Ø natural frontiers and thus leave only THE northeastern land boundary – across which
most of THE great invasions of THE nation have been launched. This geopolitical situation may explain why
THE Rhine River has sometimes been claimed as THE natural boundary of THE hexagon’s sixth side, and it
helps to account for THE relatively early achievement of Ø national unity by THE French people - A process
initiated from Ø Paris and its surrounding region, aptly named Ø [the is archaic and should be avoided,
even if we consider that the preposition de introduces a determining noun-complement] Île de France.
THE climate is generally moderate, combining Ø Atlantic, Ø Mediterranean and Ø continental influences.
7- a- A union.
b- A Eurasian.
c- AN only child.
d- AN eight.
e- A ewe.
f- A YMCA hostel.
g- AN SOS.
8- a- THE English think Ø French is a difficult language but Ø Esperanto is quite easy.
b- Ø Queen Elizabeth and THE Duke of Ø Edinburgh have invited THE King of Ø Belgium and Ø Queen
Fabiola.
c- He had an accident yesterday and he was taken to Ø hospital.
d- Let’s go to THE hospital and enquire how he is.
9- a- THE Queen never carries ANY money except THE money she needs at Ø church.
b- He doesn’t usually drink ANY/ Ø beer but he enjoyed THE German beer they served in THE restaurant
last night.
c- He’s A pupil at A Comprehensive School in Ø Great Britain.
d- AN apple A day keeps THE doctor away.
e- We haven’t got ANY food left at Ø home; let’s go and buy SOME bread and SOME cheese.
f- What AN unusual idea : Ø dogs aren’t more intelligent than cats.
BEGIN STOP
1- Integrate begin and stop in the following sentences.
a- Money surrounds those families.
b- His older brother was helping them.
c- That idea would anger the western diplomats.
d- All that fascinated him.
e- They should have said it before.
f- They had prepared the cake.
g- Why didn’t you point such an idea out?
h- They have read him another long passage.
i- We must prepare them for worse figures.

j- You must not repeat it.
CORRECTION
1- a- Money begins to surround / begins surrounding these families.
Money stops surrounding these families.
b- His older brother was beginning to help / was beginning helping them.
His older brother was stopping helping them.
c- That idea would begin to anger / would begin angering the western diplomats.
That idea would stop angering the western diplomats.
d- All that began to fascinate / began fascinating him.
All that stopped fascinating him.
e- You should have begun to say / should have begun saying it before.
They should have stopped saying it before.
f- They had begun to prepare / had begun preparing the cake.
They had stopped preparing the cake.
g- Why didn’t you begin to point / didn’t you begin pointing such an idea out?
Why didn’t you stop pointing such an idea out?
h- They have begun to read / have begun reading him another long passage.
They have stopped reading him another long passage.
i- We must begin to prepare / must begin preparing them for worse figures.
We must stop preparing for worse figures.
j- You must begin not to repeat / must begin not repeating it.
You must stop repeating him.
CAUSATIVES
EXERCICES
1- Translate into English.
a- Le professeur a fait écrire la lettre.
b- L’homme a fait lire la femme.
c- L’enfant a fait raconter l’histoire à sa mère.
d- On a fait courir le facteur.
e- Je ferai construire ma maison à côté d’une rivière.
f- Le vieil homme a fait dessiner une pomme.
g- La femme a fait chanter l’enfant.
h- La fille a fait jouer la sonate à son frère.
i- On a fait rouler la bouteille.
j- Il fera construire un pont sur une rivière.
k- Le professeur a fait chanter la chanson.
l- Le chien a fait courir la vieille dame en la mordant.
m- La maîtresse a fait chanter la cantate à son meilleur élève.
n- On a fait manger les deux hommes.
o- Nous ferons compter l’argent.
p- L’homme a fait danser sa fille.
q- La mère a fait travailler son fils en l’aidant.
r- Le maître a fait écrire une lettre à l’élève le plus vieux.
s- On a fait boire les chiens.
t- Vous ferez lire le livre.
u- Le réalisateur a fait jouer cette scène deux fois aux acteurs.
v- L’homme fait allumer le poste à l’étudiant.
w- L’enfant a fait raconter l’histoire à sa mère.
x- On a fait parler les acteurs.
y- Je ferai enregistrer cette émission ce soir.
CORRECTION
1- a- The teacher had the letter written.
b- The man made/had the woman read.
c- The child made/had his mother tell the story.
The child had the story told by his mother.

d- The mailman was made to run.
e- I will have my house built next to a river.
f- The old man had an apple drawn.
g- The woman made/had the child sing.
h- The girl made/had her brother play the sonata.
The girl had the sonata played by her brother.
i- The bottle was made to roll.
j- He will have a bridge built over a river.
k- The teacher had the song sung.
l- The dog made/had the old lady run by biting her.
m- The school mistress made/had her best student sing the cantata.
The school mistress had the cantata sung by her best pupil.
n- The two men were made to eat.
The two men were made to be eaten. (Acceptable translation from a pure syntactic point of
view. But it implies either a certain level of cannibalism, which goes against the grain of our
morality, or the practice of feeding animals with human flesh, alive if possible, a practice that
has not been in use for quite some time, since the famous lions’ dens of the Romans, to keep
as kosher as possible, since some phenomena of the type were reported in some Nazi
concentration camps.)
o- We will have the money counted.
p- The man made his daughter dance.
q- The mother made her son work by helping him.
r- The teacher made/had the oldest pupil write a letter.
The teacher had a letter written by the oldest pupil.
s- The dogs were made to drink.
The dogs were made to be drunk. (This translation is just absurd, even if syntactically
acceptable.)
t- You will have the book read.
u- The director had this scene played twice by the actors.
The director made/had the actors play this scene twice.
v- The man made/had the student switch the set on.
The man had the set switched on by the student.
w- The child made/had his mother tell the story.
The child had the story told by his mother.
x- The actors were made to speak.
y- I will have this show recorded tonight.
CLAUSE CONNECTIONS
1- Rewrite the following sentences using the proposed prompter.
a- In spite of his anger he remained calm.
Though…
b- There was no one outside because of the heat.
Because…
c- Despite the heat he drove on.
Though…
d- She was trembling with fear.
As…
Because of…
e- She was listening in spite of her obvious lack of interest.
Though…
f- She felt full of energy despite her hunger.
Though…
g- She knew she’d said that out of anger.
Because…
Due to…
h- She knew she was scared in spite of his courage.
Although…
i- The late night show had started. There was hardly anyone in the street.
Since…

j- Paul was bored to death. He decided to have a go at the fruit machines.
As…
k- Clare knew he was going to lose again. She tried to talk him out of the idea.
As…
Due to…
l- He had put £400 into machines in a single day. He had to borrow money from his grandmother.
Because of…
And consequently…
m- Bill is handicapped. He can’t walk.
Since…
n- Joe is a quadriplegic. He has a good job.
Though…
o- He was in low spirits. He didn’t say a word.
Due to…
p- An American doctor is training monkeys. They will help disabled people.
In order to…
q- You must be patient or else you can’t train an animal.
In order to…
Unless…
r- The monkey is kept on a lead. She could run away.
Lest…
In order to…
For fear that…
CORRECTION
1- a- In spite of his anger he remained calm.

Though he was angry he remained calm.
b- There was no one outside because of the heat.
Because it was hot no one was outside.
c- Despite the heat he drove on.
Though it was hot he drove on.
d- She was trembling with fear.
As she was afraid she was trembling.
Because of her fear she was trembling.
e- She was listening in spite of her obvious lack of interest.
Though she was obviously not interested she was listening.
f- She felt full of energy despite her hunger.
Though she was hungry she felt full of energy.
g- She knew she’d said that out of anger.
Because she said that she knew she was angry.
Due to her saying that she knew she was angry.
h- She knew she was scared in spite of his courage.
Although he was full of courage she was scared.
i- The late night show had started. There was hardly anyone in the street.
Since the late night show had started there was hardly anyone in the street.
j- Paul was bored to death. He decided to have a go at the fruit machines.
As he was bored to death Paul decided to have a go at the fruit machines.
k- Clare knew he was going to lose again. She tried to talk him out of the idea.
As Clare knew he was going to lose again, she tried to talk him out of the idea.
Due to her knowing he was going to lose again, Clare tried to talk him out of the idea.
l- He had put £400 into machines in a single day. He had to borrow money from his grandmother.
Because of his putting £400 into machines in a single day, he had to borrow money from his
grandmother.
And consequently to his having put £400 into machines in a single day, he had to borrow money
from his grandmother.
m- Bill is handicapped. He can’t walk.
Since Bill is handicapped he can’t walk.
n- Joe is a quadriplegic. He has a good job.
Though Joe is a quadriplegic he has a good job.
o- He was in low spirits. He didn’t say a word.
Due to his being in low spirits, he didn’t say a word.
p- An American doctor is training monkeys. They will help disabled people.

In order to help disabled people, an American doctor is training monkeys.
q- You must be patient or else you can’t train an animal.
In order to train an animal you must be patient.
Unless you are patient you can’t train an animal.
r- The monkey is kept on a lead. She could run away.
Lest she should run away (lest she run away [subjunctive]), the monkey is kept on a lead.
In order to prevent the monkey from running away, she is kept on a lead.
For fear that the monkey may run away, she is kept on a lead.
COMPARATIVES SUPERLATIVES
1- Transform the following sentences so that you can use a comparative of superiority and then a
comparative of inferiority.
a- The programs on BBC1 are as interesting as the ones on BBC2.
b- I think he is as intelligent as your other children.
c- The others were as bored as we were.
d- You are as free now as you were four years ago.
e- This exercise is as important as that one.
f- When he appeared his face was as pale as a ghost’s.
g- He will become as clever as his sister.
h- The plates on the table were as clean as the ones in the cupboard.
i- Boxing is as difficult as wrestling.
j- You should know that whisky is as strong as beer.
2- Give the comparative of superiority and then the comparative of inferiority.

a- I have two sons: here is my (young) son, called Pete.
b- She used to bite her (up) lip.
c- He is the (old) of the two brothers.
d- I can tell you that these sweets are much (good) the ones you buy from the corner-shop.
e- I feel (bad) this morning, you could call a doctor.
f- She gives me (few) articles than last year. She is short of ideas.
g- If you granted me (much) time, I could manage.
h- He lives a bit (far) down the road.
i- In December the days are (short) in November.
j- She is the (efficient) of my two secretaries.
3- Rewrite the sentences with the proper comparative

a- American cars are (< economical) English cars.
b- Yes, English cars are (> cheap) to run.
c- But they are (= negative comfortable).
d- Japanese cars are (> well-finished) most other cars.
e- German cars are probably (= reliable) Japanese cars.
f- But they are much (> expensive).
g- They are (> great fun to drive).
h- English drivers are (> careful) German drivers.
i- Renting a car is (> easy) in the USA.
j- Even if the cars are sometimes (> bad).
4- Complete the following sentences with successively a superlative of superiority and then a superlative of
inferiority.
a- Paul is (small boy, class).
b- Peter is (tall man, group).
c- Mary is (young girl, family).
d- My dog is (fat dog, village)
e- Your cat is (angry cat, street).
f- Mr Thompson's car (fast car, town).
g- Mrs La Notte's bicycle (new and expensive bike, city).
h- This child is (intelligent child, school).
i- This cheese is (creamy cheese, market).

j- This sport is (dangerous sport, country).
5- Look at the following family tree and fill in the blanks with the proper comparatives.
MARY PAUL JOHN SUE

|______________| |____________________|
________________|_____________ ________________|_______________
| | | | | | | |
Helen Carol Rochelle Mardell Tom Peter Stephen Bill
16 17 19 25 12 15 18 25
1.65m 1.63m 1.72m 1.67m 1.45m 1.52m 1.78m 1.75m
a- Helen is ............................................ (old) Rochelle.

b- Helen is ............................................(young) Mardell.
c- Mardell is ............................................ (old) Carol.
d- Carol is ............................................ (young) Rochelle.
e- Helen is ............................................ (old) Stephen.
f- Carol is ............................................ (old) Tom
g- Carol is ............................................ (young) Peter.
h- Carol is ............................................ (young) Bill.
i- Mardell is ............................................ (young) Bill.
j- Mardell is ............................................ (old) Bill.
6- Same exercise with superlatives.
a- Helen is ............................................ (young girl) in the family.

b- Mardell is ............................................ (old girl) in the family.
c- Tom is ............................................ (young boy) in the family.
d- Bill is ............................................ (old boy) in the family.
e- Carol is ............................................ (small girl) in the family.
f- Rochelle is ............................................ (tall girl) in the family.
g- Tom is ............................................ (small boy) in the family.
h- Stephen is ............................................ (tall boy) in the family.
7- Answer the following questions.
a- Who is the tallest girl?

b- Who is the smallest girl?
c- Who is the tallest boy?
d- Who is the youngest girl?
e- Who is the youngest boy?
f- Who is the oldest girl?
g- Who is the smallest boy?
h- Who is the oldest boy?
8- Build the comparatives of superiority, inferiority and equality with the words in brackets on the following
model.
His house is big. (mine) i) His house is bigger than mine.
ii) his house is less big than mine.
iii) his house is as big as mine.
a- He is funny. (his brother)
b- She runs fast. (me)
c- His story was bad. (mine)
d- She was young when she travelled for the first time. (you)
e- This one is expensive. (that one)
f- Wordsworth’s poems are good. (Coleridge’s)

a- Jimmy est le plus vieux des deux.
b- Quelles sont les dernières nouvelles ?

c- C’est la pire solution.
d- Il fait de plus en plus chaud.
e- Il y a de moins en moins de monde.
f- Les diamants sont les meilleurs amis d’une fille.
g- Quel est le dernier mot du roman ?
10- Use a comparative or a superlative of superiority.

a- History is (interesting) geography.
b- I think the (important) thing in life is to be happy.
c- The film last night was (bad) I expected.
d- The (far) planet from the sun is Pluto.
e- Biology is (easy) math.
f- Spring is the (nice) season of the year.
g- I met your (good) friend last night.
h- He looks (happy) before.
i- This box is the (heavy).
j- An elephant is (strong) a camel.
11- Rewrite with a double comparative (more and more delicate, less and less delicate, happier and happier).
a- Small cars are comfortable these days.
b- Working in a factory is less exhausting these days.
c- Working conditions are good.
d- Few English people have a traditional breakfast these days.
e- Yuppies earn a lot of money.
f- Their salaries are high.
g- It is difficult to find a job in the USA when you are an immigrant.
h- The situation of the immigrants who do not have work is bad.
i- She is a pretty girl.
j- My father is an impatient
person.
12- Use a binary superlative when necessary : Which is worth the more : one pound or one dollar ?
a- John has much money ? Peter as much.
b- Which of the two will you take : the small one or the big one ?
c- Some of the large or pretentious public schools are called colleges.
d- He turned out to be the clever of us all.
e- In Britain we are fortunate in having garden-flowers for the great part of the year.
f- Of all previous wars in history, the 1914-1918 war deserves the name « la grande guerre » well.
g- Of Tirpitz, Fisher or Nelson, it is vain to dispute which had the great achievement.
h- Only the wise possess ideas, the great part of mankind are possessed by them.
i- I like Peter well than john, though, as a rule, I like people well if they can swear a little.
j- I see good things and approve but follow the bad.
13- Use parallel comparatives (The less we eat, the thinner we are.) and then translate.
a- He had less money – he had fewer friends.
b- The orator was speaking louder – we understood what he said less.
c- The fighting was worse – the men were more tired.
d- As planes get bigger, accidents are more horrifying.
e- You possess more things – You need more things to keep yourself happy.
f- If there are more laws, there are more offenders.
g- If you give him more, he will ask for more.
h- When you have less to do, you find less time to do it.
CORRECTION
1- a- The programs on BBC1 are more interesting than the ones on BBC2. / The programs on BBC1 are less
interesting than the ones on BBC2 or The programs on BBC1 aren’t as (so) interesting as the ones on BBC2.
b- more intelligent than / less intelligent than or isn’t as (so) intelligent as.
c- more bored than / less bored than or weren’t as (so) bored as.
d- freer now than / less free now than or aren’t as (so) free now as.
e- more important than that one / less important than that one or isn’t as (so) important as that one
f- paler than / less pale than or wasn’t as (so) pale as.
g- more clever than or cleverer than / less clever than or will not become as (so) clever as.

h- cleaner than / less clean than or weren’t as (so) clean as.
i- more difficult than / less difficult than or isn’t as (so) difficult as.
j- stronger than / less strong than or isn’t as (so) strong as.
2- a- I have two sons: here is my YOUNGER / LESS YOUNG son, called Pete.
b- She used to bite her UPPER / LOWER lip.
c- He is the OLDER-ELDER / LESS OLD of the two brothers.
d- I can tell you that these sweets are much BETTER THAN / LESS GOOD THAN the ones you buy from
the corner-shop.
e- I feel WORSE / LESS BAD this morning, you could call a doctor.
f- She gives me FEWER / LESS articles than last year. She is short of ideas.
g- If you granted me MORE / LESS time, I could manage.
h- He lives a bit FARTHER / LESS FAR down the road.
i- In December the days are SHORTER / LESS SHORT in November.
j- She is the MORE EFFICIENT / LESS EFFICIENT of my two secretaries.
3- a- American cars are more economical than English cars.

b- Yes, English cars are cheaper to run.
c- But they are not as/so comfortable.
d- Japanese cars are better finished than most other cars.
e- German cars are probably as reliable as Japanese cars.
f- But they are much more expensive.
g- They are greater fun to drive.
h- English drivers are more careful than German drivers.
i- Renting a car is easier in the USA.
j- Even if the cars are sometimes worse.
4- a- Paul is the smallest boy in the class / the least small boy in the class.
b- Peter is the tallest man in the group / the least tall man in the group.
c- Mary is the youngest girl in the family / the least young girl in the family.
d- My dog is the fattest dog in the village / the least fat dog in the village.
e- Your cat is the angriest cat in the street / the least angry cat in the street.
f- Mr Thompson's car is the fastest car in the town / the least fast car in the town.
g- Mrs La Notte's bicycle is the newest and most expensive bike in the city / the least new and expensive
bike in the city.
h- This child is the most intelligent child in the school / the least intelligent child in the school.
i- This cheese is the creamiest cheese on the market / the least creamy cheese on the market.
j- This sport is the most dangerous sport in the country / the least dangerous sport in the country.
5- a- Helen is LESS OLD THAN Rochelle.

b- Helen is YOUNGER THAN Mardell.
c- Mardell is OLDER THAN Carol.
d- Carol is YOUNGER THAN Rochelle.
e- Helen is LESS OLD THAN Stephen.
f- Carol is OLDER THAN Tom
g- Carol is LESS YOUNG THAN Peter.
h- Carol is YOUNGER THAN Bill.
i- Mardell is AS YOUNG AS Bill.
j- Mardell is AS OLD AS Bill.
6- a- Helen is THE YOUNGEST GIRL in the family.
b- Mardell is THE OLDEST GIRL in the family.

c- Tom is THE YOUNGEST BOY in the family.
d- Bill is THE OLDEST BOY in the family.
e- Carol is THE SMALLEST GIRL in the family.
f- Rochelle is THE TALLEST GIRL in the family.
g- Tom is THE SMALLEST BOY in the family.
h- Stephen is THE TALLEST BOY in the family.
7- a- The tallest girl is Rochelle.

b- The smallest girl is Carol.
c- The tallest boy is Stephen.
d- The youngest girl is Helen.
e- The youngest boy is Tom.
f- The oldest girl is Mardell.
g- The smallest boy is Tom.
h- The oldest boy is Bill.
8- a- He is funnier than his brother. He is less funny than his brother. He is as funny as his brother.
b- She runs faster than me. She runs less fast than me. She runs as fast as me.
c- His story was worse than mine. His story was less bad than mine. His story was as bad as mine.
d- She was younger than you … She was less young than you … She was as young as you …
e- This one is more expensive than that one. This one is less expensive than that one. This one is as
expensive as that one.
f- Wordsworth’s poems are better than Coleridge’s. Wordsworth’s poems are less good than Coleridge’s.
Wordsworth’s poems are as good as Coleridge’s.
9- a- Jimmy is the older of the two.

b- What are the latest news ?
c- It is the worst solution.
d- It is warmer and warmer.
e- There are less and less people.
f- Diamonds are a girl’s best friends.
g- What is the last word of the novel ?
10- a- History is MORE INTERESTING THAN geography.

b- I think the MOST IMPORTANT thing in life is to be happy.
c- The film last night was WORSE (N.B. If you think you are Michael Jackson you can say BADDER, but
no French university professor will be in anyway deceived into accepting you are, may be, should be
or were Michael Jackson) I expected.
d- The FARTHEST planet from the sun is Pluto.
e- Biology is EASIER THAN math.
f- Spring is the NICEST season of the year.
g- I met your BEST friend last night.
h- He looks HAPPIER THAN before.
i- This box is the HEAVIEST.
j- An elephant is STRONGER THAN a camel.
11- a- Small cars are MORE AND MORE COMFORTABLE these days.
b- Working in a factory is LESS AND LESS EXHAUSTING these days.
c- Working conditions are BETTER AND BETTER.
d- FEWER AND FEWER/LESS AND LESS English people have a traditional breakfast these days.
e- Yuppies earn MORE AND MORE money.
f- Their salaries are HIGHER AND HIGHER.
g- It is MORE AND MORE DIFFICULT to find a job in the USA when you are an immigrant.
h- The situation of the immigrants who do not have work is WORSE AND WORSE.
i- She is a PRETTIER AND PRETTIER girl.
j- My father is A MORE AND MORE IMPATIENT
person.
12- a- John has much money ? Peter as MORE.

b- Which of the two will you take : the SMALLER one or the BIGGER one ?
c- Some of THE LARGEST AND MOST PRETENTIOUS/THE LARGER AND MORE PRETENTIOUS public
schools are called colleges.
d- He turned out to be the CLEVEREST of us all.
e- In Britain we are fortunate in having garden-flowers for the GREATER part of the year.
f- Of all previous wars in history, the 1914-1918 war deserves the name « la grande guerre » BEST.
g- Of Tirpitz, Fisher or Nelson, it is vain to dispute which had the GREATEST achievement.
h- Only the wise possess ideas, the GREATER part of mankind are possessed by them.
i- I like Peter BETTER than John, though, as a rule, I like people BEST if they can swear a little.
j- I see good things and approve but follow the WORSE/WORST.
13- a- The less money he had, the fewer friends he had too.

b- The louder the orator was speaking, the less we understood what he said.
c- The worse the fighting (was), the more tired the men (were).
d- The bigger planes get, the more horrifying accidents are. The bigger the planes, the more horrifying the
accidents.
e- The more things you possess, the more things you need to keep yourself happy.
f- The more laws, the more offenders.
g- The more you give him, the more he will ask for.
h- The less you have to do, the less time you find to do it.
COMPOUND NOUNS & ADJECTIVES

1- Build compound nouns on the following model : A cap I wear on my head is a head cap.
a- A ring I wear on my nose is a ………………………………
b- A ring I wear on my arm is a ………………………………
c- A ring I wear on my ear is a ………………………………
d- A ring I wear on my finger is a ………………………………
e- The finger on which I wear a wedding-ring is the ………………………………
f- A ring I get on my wedding is a ………………………………
g- A ring that has a diamond is a ………………………………
h- A diamond that has been cut for a ring is a ………………………………
i- A ring I wear on my bellybutton is a ………………………………
j- A ring that contains poison is a ………………………………
2- Fill in the gaps in the following definitions.

a- I carry a backpack on my ………………., when I go camping.
b- I ………………. a handbag in my ………………. .
c- I carry a ………………. bag on my shoulder.
d- I use a shopping ………………. for ………………. .
e- A ………………. bag is made of plastic.
f- A paper bag is made of ………………. .
g- A ………………. bag is made of carpet.
h- I ………………. a travelling bag when I am ………………. .
i- I use ………………. sleeping bag to ………………. in, when I am camping.
j- I attach a ………………. bag to my saddle when I go horse riding.
k- A schoolbag is ………………. to carry my ………………. things.
l- A ………………. bag is used to carry ………………. sports ………………. .
m- A ………………. bag is ………………. of leather.
n- A camera bag is used to carry a ………………. .
o- A ………………. bag is used to ………………. a computer.
p- A ………………. bag is ………………. to carry a printer.
q- A ………………. bag is ………………. to ………………. grocery.
r- To keep bread clean I put it in a ………………. bag.
s- I carry a ………………. bag around my waist.
t- I use a cooking ………………. when I am ………………. something in a ……………….wave oven.
3- Produce compound nouns.

a- A ground for children to play on.
b- People who manufacture cars.
c- A man who programs computers.
d- Populations living in the Third World.
e- A ticket that costs four pounds.
4- Rewrite on the following model:

a newly-opened store a store that was recently opened/that was opened not long ago.
a- a newly-created republic
b- a newly-formed orchestra
c- a newly-bought record
d- a recently-washed car
e- a recently-eaten cake

CORRECTION
1- a- A ring I wear on my nose is a nose ring
b- A ring I wear on my arm is aN arm ring
c- A ring I wear on my ear is aN ear ring
d- A ring I wear on my finger is a finger ring
e- The finger on which I wear a wedding-ring is the ring finger
f- A ring I get on my wedding is a wedding ring
g- A ring that has a diamond is a diamond ring
h- A diamond that has been cut for a ring is a ring diamond
i- A ring I wear on my bellybutton is a bellybutton ring
j- A ring that contains poison is a poison ring
2- a- I carry a backpack on my BACK, when I go camping.

b- I CARRY a handbag in my HAND .
c- I carry a SHOULDER bag on my shoulder.
d- I use a shopping BAG for SHOPPING.
e- A PLASTIC bag is made of plastic.
f- A paper bag is made of PAPER .
g- A CARPET bag is made of carpet.
h- I CARRY a travelling bag when I am TRAVELLING .
i- I use A sleeping bag to SLEEP in, when I am camping.
j- I attach a SADDLE bag to my saddle when I go horse riding.
k- A schoolbag is USED to carry my SCHOOL things.
l- A SPORTS bag is used to carry MY sports THINGS .
m- A LEATHER bag is MADE of leather.
n- A camera bag is used to carry a CAMERA.
o- A COMPUTER bag is used to CARRY a computer.
p- A PRINTER bag is USED to carry a printer.
q- A GROCERY bag is USED to CARRY grocery.
r- To keep bread clean I put it in a BREAD bag.
s- I carry a WAIST bag around my waist.
t- I use a cooking BAG when I am COOKING something in a MICRO wave oven.
3- a- a play-ground
b- car-manufacturers
c- a computer-programmer
d- Third World populations
e- a four-pound ticket
4- a- a republic that was recently created/that was created not long ago
b- an orchestra that was recently formed/that was formed not long ago
c- a record that was recently bought/that was bought not long ago
d- a car that was recently washed/that was washed not long ago
e- a cake that was recently eaten/ that was eaten not long ago
EXCLAMATIONS
1- Turn into exclamatory sentences.
A- Adjectives and adverbs. B- Noun Phrases.
a- Bill runs fast. a- I have bought a beautiful book.
b- The car is very big. b- Theresa has baked a very nice cake.
c- The house is very large. c- Mardell has prepared a super dinner.
c- The garden is very beautiful. d- The teacher has given me a good grade.
e- My neighbor looks old. e- The parents have written a nice letter.
f- My uncle is intelligent. f- The child has broken a nice vase.
g- You are playing your music too loud. g- The Dore is a little river.
h- Father Bear is angry. h- The Mississippi is a very big river.
i- Mother Bear is surprised. i- England is an old country.
j- Baby Bear is disappointed. j- Mr Ramsay is an old and nice man.

CORRECTIONS
1- A- Adjectives and adverbs. B- Noun Phrases.
a- How fast Bill runs! a- What a beautiful book I have bought!
b- How big the car is! b- What a nice cake Theresa has baked!
c- How large the house is! c- What a super dinner Mardell has prepared!
c- How beautiful the garden is! d- What a good grade the teacher has given me!
e- How old my neighbor looks! e- What a nice letter the parents have written!
f- How intelligent my uncle is! f- What a nice vase the child has broken!
g- How loud you are playing your music! g- What a little river the Dore is!
h- How angry Father Bear is! h- What a big river the Mississippi is!
i- How surprised Mother Bear is! i- What an old country England is!
j- How disappointed Baby Bear is! j- What an old and nice man Mr Ramsay is!
FOR SINCE AGO

1- Rewrite the following sentences with SINCE on the following model :
Paul started reading in 1992.
Paul has read since 1992
Then translate the two sentences
Paul a commencé à lire en 1992. Paul lit depuis 1992.
N.B. Use the progressive form when you have a time and not a date
Paul has been reading a book since 12:35.
a- Paul and Mary started to ski in 1989.
b- My brothers started to ride motorcycles in 1975.
c- The child started to skate in 1987.
d- I started to ride horses in 1978.
e- The plane started to fly at 8:30.
f- The printer started to print at 9:00.
g- The operator started to work with the fax-machine at 8:00.
h- You and your brother started to have lunch at 12:30.
i- We started to visit the chateau at 10:00.
j- Sue started to go to the ballet and to visit her aunt the choreographer in 1978.
2- Reverse exercise. Be careful with the progressive form.

Paul has been reading since midday
Paul started to read at midday.
a- The car has been running since 8:30.
b- The cat must be sick: it has been drinking milk since 9:00.
c- The children have been sleeping since 10:00 yesterday night, and it is already 11:00 a.m.
d- My brother and my sister have written stories since 1989.
e- My brother has watched horror films since 1978.
f- The students who were at the party yesterday night, have played music since 1992.
g- After trying basketball and swimming, the child has played football since 1993.
h- The boy has been reading the newspaper in the dining room since 12:00.
i- It's high time you stop: you have been watching TV since 4:45 p.m., and it is now ten o'clock.
j- We registered in this school in 1993, and they did not have German. So, we have learned English since
1993.
3- Complete the following sentences with a phrase using AGO.

a- The Second World War ended ..........................................
b- Queen Elizabeth became Queen of England ..........................................
c- President Clinton was elected ..........................................
d- The Berlin Wall fell ..........................................
e- Stalin died ..........................................
f- General De Gaulle disappeared ..........................................
g- Mitterrand became president ..........................................
h- The Popular Front in France was elected ..........................................

i- Hitler became the German Chancellor ..........................................
j- President Nixon resigned ..........................................
4- Transform the following sentences by using AGO.

a- Napoleon III resigned in 1870.
b- My friend went to the USA in 1976.
c- My sister left for New York in 1983.
d- Plenty of snow fell last week.
e- There was a hurricane in Mississippi in October.
f- The car accident took place in January last year.
g- We went to Spain in 1993.
h- My cousin broke his arm on October the 22nd.
i- General De Gaulle resigned in 1946 and again in 1969.
j- President Roosevelt died in 1945.
5- Integrate the phrase in brackets into the sentence.

a- The wind was blowing yesterday. (since the morning)
b- The boat will be sinking tomorrow. (for ten minutes)
c- The dog barks a lot. (since yesterday)
d- The cat ate the mouse. (for a couple of minutes, when I arrived)
e- The car is running. (since Paul started it)
f- My father was smoking yesterday. (since ten o’clock)
g- My mother will be doing the washing-up tomorrow. (for one hour)
h- My brothers sleep a lot. (since September)
i- My son broke the bike. (for ten minutes, when Paul arrived.
j- The train is running. (since the driver started it)

a- Depuis vingt minutes l’homme dort.
b- L’homme dormait il y a vingt minutes.
c- L’homme dort depuis que je suis parti.
d- Quand je suis arrivé ce matin, l’homme dormait depuis une heure.
e- Quand ma mère a téléphoné, l’homme avait dormi une heure plus tôt.
f- L’enfant joue depuis un quart d’heure.
g- L’enfant joue depuis midi.
h- L’enfant jouait il y a deux heures.
i- Quand le train est arrivé, l’enfant jouait depuis une demi-heure.
j- Quand l’avion est parti, l’enfant avait joué une heure plus tôt.
k- Depuis vingt minutes la femme écoute de la musique.
l- La femme écoutait de la musique il y a vingt minutes.
m- La femme écoute de la musique depuis que Pierre est parti.
n- Quand l’enfant est arrivé ce matin, la femme écoutait de la musique depuis une heure.
o- Quand son frère a téléphoné la femme avait écouté de la musique une heure plus tôt.
p- La fille écrit depuis un quart d’heure.
q- La fille écrit depuis midi.
r- La fille écrivait il y a une heure.
s- Quand ma mère est arrivée, la fille écrivait depuis un quart d’heure.
t- Quand mon père est parti, la fille avait écrit deux jours plus tôt.

a- My uncle was walking yesterday. (since half past ten)
b- My grandmother will be listening to the radio tomorrow. (for two hours)
c- My grandfather runs a lot. (since last summer)
d- My cousins drank wine. (for ten minutes when Paul arrived)
e- The cat is running. (since the postman came.)
f- My brother was running yesterday. (since after breakfast)
g- My father will be watching a film next Sunday. (for a couple of hours)
h- My mother swims a lot. (since her illness)
i- My sons ate cookies. (for a few minutes when Mary called them)
k- The wind was beginning to blow yesterday. ( since the morning)
l- The dog starts to bark. (since yesterday)
m- The cat left the house and ate the mouse. ( for a couple of minutes when I arrived)

a- Les enfants regardent la TV depuis quinze minutes.
b- Les enfants regardaient la TV il y a quinze minutes.
c- Les enfants regardent la TV depuis que ma sœur est partie.
d- Quand le train est arrivé ce matin, les enfants regardaient la TV depuis deux heures.
e- Quand mon père a appelé, les enfants avaient regardé la TV une heure plus tôt.
f- Le chien mange depuis dix minutes.
g- Le chien mange depuis onze heures et quart.
h- Le chien mangeait il y a une heure.
i- Quand mon frère est arrivé, le chien mangeait depuis une douzaine de minutes.
j- Quand l’avion est parti, le chien avait mangé une heure plus tôt.
k- L’étudiant lit son livre depuis quinze minutes.
l- L’étudiant lisait son livre il y a quinze minutes.
m- L’étudiant lit son livre depuis que le professeur est parti.
n- Quand le soleil s’est levé, l’étudiant lisait son livre depuis deux heures.
o- Quand sa mère a appelé l’étudiant avait lu son livre deux jours plus tôt.
p- Le bébé marche depuis dix minutes.
q- Le bébé marche depuis midi cinq.
r- Le bébé marchait il y a un quart d’heure.
s- Quand sa mère est arrivée le bébé marchait depuis une dizaine de minutes.
t- Quand la voiture est partie, le bébé avait marché une heure plus tôt.
u- L’homme a arrêté de dormir il y a vingt minutes.
v- Mon voisin est parti depuis une heure.
w- Quand je l’ai appelé mon père était déjà parti depuis deux heures.
x- Quand je suis arrivé ce matin l’homme dormait depuis quelques instants.
y- J’ai commencé à écrire dès que j’ai pu, il y a à peine vingt minutes.
z- L’enfant joue depuis un quart d’heure.
ai- L’enfant jouait il y a deux heures.
bi- L’enfant a commencé à marcher il y a deux ans.
ci- Quand l’enfant commença à marcher, sa mère était malade depuis une semaine.
di- Mon père mourut deux jours avant que je n’arrive.
9- Use the present perfect or the pluperfect for the verbs in brackets. Use “for” or “since when necessary.
Then Translate.
a- Up to now, the police security systems (prove) to be efficient enough.
b- I (be) in the workshop ……... ten o'clock when the telephone rang.
c- They (be married) ……... ten years when I met them.
d- The word "robotics" (be used) ……... Isaac Asimov created it.
e- They (show) that commercial ……... weeks now.
f- I see that you (buy) a new computer. Was it expensive?
g- Hacking (bedevil) the computer business ……... its birth.
h- My father (be up) ……... ten minutes.
i- The computer (not break down) ……... they bought it.
j- They (use) this computer ……... years.
k- I (grow) my hair ……... you (tell) me it suits me.
l- Mary (wear) that same old dress ……... ages.
m- ……... he (have) his shop repainted he (have) a lot more customers.
n- He (be) mayor of this town ……... only six months.
10- Translate into English

a- Depuis cinq jours le dollar continue de monter. Depuis lundi il a gagné plus de trente centimes.
b- D'énormes progrès ont été réalisés dans le domaine de l'électronique au cours des dix dernières années.
c- Une nouvelle gamme de produits a été fournie à un groupe français, Matra.
d- Deux dates avaient été annoncées pour le lancement de ce nouveau produit.
e- Il y a quatre ans une catastrophe a failli se produire dans une centrale nucléaire parce qu'un programme
malveillant avait été introduit dans l'ordinateur.
f- Le nouveau clavier détachable a été conçu pour être encore plus agréable a utiliser.
g- Hier l'imprimante est tombée en panne. Elle s'est encore arrêtée d'imprimer.
h- Jusqu'à présent nous avons commandé du matériel japonais.
i- Ils viennent de recevoir une importante commande d'Allemagne.
j- Il appela son frère dès qu'il eut reçu le colis.
k- Nous nous sommes adressés à un autre fournisseur pour réparer notre machine. Il a dit qu'il venait cet
après midi.

l- Lorsque le programmeur a complètement testé et corrigé son travail, il le stocke sur un disque ou sur une
bande magnétique.
m- Une fois qu'une feuille de travail a été vérifiée à l'aide de quelques données tests, il n'y a aucun risque de
faire une erreur.
11- Integrate the temporal phrase in brackets into the sentence

a- The fitter is welding the part on the body. (for exactly six minutes)
b- The joiner cuts wood with a saw. (for twenty minutes and is taking a rest now.)
c- My neighbor mows his lawn with a lawnmower. (since 10 a.m.)
d- A worker is screwing a bolt onto the frame. (yesterday afternoon when I arrived.)
e- The repairman cleans the engine with care. (for half an hour. Look how dirty his hands are.)
f- A road worker is digging a hole in the street. (since this morning)
g- The foreman gives explanations to the team. (last week)
h- The secretary is typing a letter. (since she arrived)
i- My manager talks on the telephone. (for two hours and he is finally finished.)
j- A night watchman stands next to the door of the office block. (for two hours, since exactly 8 p.m.)
k- The fitter is welding the part on the body. (when the foreman called him ... since 10:00.)
l- The joiner cuts wood with a saw. (two hours before ... when the day came to a close.)
m- My neighbor mows his lawn with a lawnmower. (for twenty minutes ... when the phone rang.)
n- A worker is screwing a bolt onto a frame. (when it was time to go ... for a few minutes.)
o- The repairman cleans the engine with care. (for twenty minutes, but he was finished when I arrived.)
p- A road worker is digging a hole in the street. (since lunch time ... when Paul arrived.)
q- The foreman gives explanations to the team. (two weeks before ... when work finally started.)
r- The secretary is typing a letter. (a couple of hours before the manager called her.)
s- My manager talks on the telephone. (when I entered his office ... since the pause.)
t- A night watchman stands next to the door of the office block. (when the accident occurred ... for about a
quarter of an hour.)
12- Translate into English. Use the progressive form when necessary.
a- Le moniteur est branché depuis huit heures ce matin.
b- Mon clavier ne fonctionne plus depuis hier.
c- L'imprimante de mon ordinateur fonctionne depuis trois jours sans interruption, et elle n'a pas fait une
seule erreur.
d- L'enfant joue à son jeu électronique depuis ce matin huit heures.
e- Mon collègue de travail a utilisé le VCR depuis huit heures, et il a maintenant fini.
f- Mon collègue de travail utilise le VCR depuis huit heures et il en a encore pour deux heures.
g- Le contremaître explique le fonctionnement de cette machine aux ouvriers depuis deux semaines, depuis
qu'elle est arrivée, et ils n'ont toujours pas compris.
h- La machine ne fonctionne plus très bien depuis dix minutes.
i- Ton ordinateur est utilisé pour du traitement d'image depuis que le nouveau logiciel est arrivé.
j- Mon frère ne sait pas que j'utilise son logiciel musical depuis qu'il est parti.
k- Mon revendeur pense que cet ordinateur est le meilleur depuis qu'il a réussi à exploiter dessus le logiciel
Windows 3.0 à son maximum.
l- Les ordinateurs sont considérés comme des machines indispensables depuis quelques années.
m- Il y a une semaine l'enfant jouait à Rick Dangerous quand je suis rentré de l'école. Il avait oublié qu'il
avait des devoirs à faire.
n- Mon ami a étudié ce logiciel la semaine dernière et il sait s'en servir depuis deux jours.
o- Le piston de la voiture fonctionnait parfaitement hier mais il ne fonctionne plus depuis ce matin.
p- Les bougies de la mobylette était sales la semaine dernière. Pas étonnant que tu n'arrivais pas à la faire
démarrer.
q- L'enfant regardait la télé depuis une heure quand je suis arrivé. Je lui ai dit d'arrêter. Alors il est allé au lit.
r- Le film avait commencé depuis cinq minutes et le héro se battait contre les forces du mal depuis à peine
trente secondes quand je suis arrivé.
s- Mon frère écoutait la radio hier soir quand je l'ai appelé. Il l'écoutait depuis une heure, selon ce qu'il m'a
dit. Il écoutait une dramatique de Bernard Shaw. Il a toujours écouté des dramatiques radiophoniques le soir.
t- Le marché des logiciels était assez réduit il y a quelques années. Il était en plein développement encore
en 1987. Aujourd'hui il se développe qualitativement plus que quantitativement depuis cette époque.
u- Encore une fois, l'ouvrier n'avait pas touché cet outil depuis une heure quand il s'est aperçu qu'il avait
disparu. En fait il s'est trompé. Il l'avait remis au mauvais endroit après s'en être servi. Mais il ne s'en est
aperçu que quand son compagnon de travail l'eût cherché dix minutes et finît par le lui demander.
v- L'an dernier j'essayais de finir mon livre depuis deux mois quand j'ai eu ce grave accident: mon ordinateur
se mit à dysfonctionner. J'ai du faire venir un spécialiste qui m'a dit que j'avais du faire une mauvaise

manœuvre : une partie du disque dur était effacée. Elle avait du être effacée par mon erreur. C'est pourquoi
je n'arrivais pas à faire l'opération que je voulais.
w- Quand j'ai repris mon travail, je n'avais pas écrit une page depuis quinze jours. Je perdais mon temps
depuis quinze jours et j'avais suffisamment perdu de temps pour être obligé de reporter la livraison. Je
n'allais pas pouvoir livrer à la date prévue.
x- Quand le téléphone sonna, mon père travaillait dans son bureau, ma mère préparait le repas et je
regardais la télévision depuis dix minutes après avoir fait mes devoirs.
y- J'avais étudié mon anglais depuis une demi-heure quand le téléphone sonna: c'était mon père.
z- J'étudiais mon anglais depuis une demi-heure quand le téléphone sonna: c'était mon copain qui me dit
qu'il avait fini et qu'il avait l'intention d'aller au cinéma, si je voulais y aller avec lui.
13- Fill in the blanks with FOR, SINCE or AGO. Then translate into English.
a- Ruby has lived in Carter … eighty years, actually … she was born.
b- She has operated the store … thirty years and has lived alone … her husband died, twelve years …
c- She stopped pumping gas for the drivers two years …
d- Indeed they have pumped it for themselves … two years, … the pump was converted to self-service.
e- Of course living there can be very risky: she has been the victim of a hold-up twice … her husband died.
f- The first attempted robbery happened ten years …

a- Je ne l’ai pas vu depuis deux semaines.
b- Son chien est mort il y a trois jours.
c- Depuis combien de temps jouent-ils aux cartes ? Depuis quatre heures de l’après-midi.
d- Ils se connaissent depuis les dernières vacances.
e- Son père travaille dans la même usine depuis plus de vingt ans.
15- Build a question and its answer with the given elements following the example :
How long (to play) football ? … two hours now.
How long have you played/have you been playing football ?
I have played/have been playing football for two hours.
a- How long (to read) this book ? … two weeks.
b- How long (to write) this letter ? … my mother arrived.
c- How long (to be) in Paris ? … a couple of years.
d- How long (to have) this car ? … a very long time.
e- How long (to speak) English ? … I was very young indeed.
16- Use the proper tense.

a- Paul (to cook) fish soup in the kitchen for twenty minutes.
b- My mother (to pick) flowers in the garden yesterday morning.
c- My uncle (to drink) whisky since he (to get) his job at the factory.
d- Your aunt (to drive) a car for quite many years, since she (to go) to America.
e- My cousin (to find) a book in his car this morning.
17- Fill in the blanks with FOR SINCE or AGO.

a- During the last war, many soldiers fought … weeks without a day’s rest.
b- He could have come two months …
c- He has changed jobs … his mother died.
d- He has not written to his father … months.
e- He had played football … ten years.
f- … when have you been learning English ?
g- You have been writing … two hours.
h- He has been writing detective stories … he broke his leg.
i- I haven’t seen him … days.
j- He rang up, two days …

a- Depuis deux heures Paul travaille.
b- Depuis une vingtaine de minutes ma mère dort.
c- Depuis ce matin le vent souffle sans s’arrêter.
d- Depuis qu’il est arrivé l’homme téléphone.
e- Depuis un jour ou deux le soleil ne brille plus.

a- I tell him to work harder. (two days ago)
b- I understood what he said. (two minutes before he left)
c- She is writing to the manager. (for now ten minutes)
d- She speaks English. (since she stayed in England in 1963)
e- It snows over the city. (yesterday evening)
f- We took up our positions. (a few moments before)
g- He drives his new car. (for twenty minutes when he had that horrible accident)
h- I smoke cigars. (since I stopped smoking cigarettes)
i- Discontent runs high among female voters. (since last elections)
j- John is at home all the time. (since his mother came back last week)

a- Il y a trois jours qu’il lit.
b- Il est tombé dans l’escalier il y a vingt ans.
c- Nous ne nous sommes pas vus depuis des années.
d- Rappelez-vous ce que je vous ai dit il y a quinze jours.
e- Un chien se cache derrière la maison depuis huit jours.
f- Il y a quelques années cette robe était à la mode.
g- Il y aura deux ans le mois prochain que je n’aurai pas vu la mer.
h- Elle habitait Londres depuis deux ans lorsque les émeutes raciales éclatèrent.
i- Il neige depuis trois heures de l’après-midi.
j- Il y a une minute que je l’ai vue.
CORRECTIONS
1- a- Paul and Mary have skied since 1989.
Paul et Mary ont commencé à skier en 1989.
Paul et Mary skient depuis 1989.
b- My brothers have ridden motorcycles since 1975.
Mes frères ont commencé à faire de la moto en 1975.
Mes frères font de la moto depuis 1975.
c- The child has skated since 1987.
L'enfant a commencé à patiner en 1987.
L'enfant patine depuis 1987.
d- I have ridden horses since 1978.
J'ai commencé à monter des chevaux (faire du cheval) en 1978.
Je monte des chevaux (fais du cheval) depuis 1978.
e- The plane has been flying since 8:30.
L'avion a commencé à voler (a décollé) à 8h30.
L'avion vole depuis 8h30.
f- The printer has been printing since 9:00.
L'imprimante a commencé à imprimer à 9 heures.
L'imprimante imprime depuis 9 heures.
g- The operator has been working with the fax machine since 8:00.
L'opérateur a commencé à travailler avec le fax à 8 heures.
L'opérateur travaille avec le fax depuis 8 heures.
h- You and your brother have been having lunch since 12:30.
Vous et votre frère ont commencé à prendre leur déjeuner à 12h30.
Vous et votre frère prennent leur déjeuner depuis 12h30.
i- We have been visiting the chateau since 10:00.
Nous avons commencé à visiter le château à 10 heures.
Nous visitons le château depuis 10 heures.
j- Sue has gone to the ballet and visited her aunt the choreographer since 1978.
Sue a commencé à aller au ballet et à rendre visite à sa tante la chorégraphe en 1978.
Sue va au ballet et rend visite à sa tante la chorégraphe depuis 1978.
2- a- The car started to run at 8:30.

b- The cat must be sick: it started to drink milk at 9:00.
c- The children started to sleep at 10:00 yesterday night, and it is already 11:00 a.m.
d- My brother and my sister started to write stories in 1989.
e- My brother started to watch horror films in 1978.
f- The students who were at the party yesterday night, started to play music in 1992.
g- After trying basketball and swimming, the child started to play football in 1993.
h- The boy started to read the newspaper in the dining room at 12:00.
i- It's high time you stop : you started to watch TV at 4:45 p.m., and it is now ten o'clock.
j- We registered in this school in 1993, and they did not have German. So, we started to learn English in 1993.

3- a- The Second World War ended fifty-seven years ago (in 2002).
b- Queen Elizabeth became Queen of England fifty years ago (in 2002).
c- President Clinton was elected ten years ago (in 2002).
d- The Berlin Wall fell thirteen years ago (in 2002).
e- Stalin died forty-nine years ago (in 2002).
f- General De Gaulle disappeared thirty-two years ago (in 2002).
g- Mitterrand became president twenty-one years ago (in 2002).
h- The Popular Front in France was elected sixty-six years ago (in 2002).
i- Hitler became the German Chancellor sixty-nine years ago (in 2002).
j- President Nixon resigned twenty-eight years ago (in 2002).
4- a- Napoleon III resigned a hundred and thirty-two years ago (in 2002).
b- My friend went to the USA twenty-six years ago (in 2002).
c- My sister left for New York nineteen years ago (in 2002).
d- Plenty of snow fell a week ago.
e- There was a hurricane in Mississippi eleven months ago (September 2002 : change the calculations).
f- The car accident took place twenty-one months ago (September 2002 : change the calculations).
g- We went to Spain nine years ago (in 2002).
h- My cousin broke his arm …….. days ago (calculate the exact number of days).
i- General De Gaulle resigned fifty-six and thirty-three years ago (in 2002).
j- President Roosevelt died fifty-seven years ago (in 2002).
5- a- Yesterday the wind had been blowing since the morning (when Peter arrived).
b- The boat will have been sinking for ten minutes tomorrow (when we raise the alarm) .
c- The dog has barked a lot since yesterday.
d- The cat had been eating the mouse for a couple of minutes when I arrived.
e- The car has been running since Paul started it.
f- My father had been smoking since ten o’clock yesterday (when he came to dinner).
g- My mother will have been doing the washing-up for one hour tomorrow (when the soap opera starts).
h- My brothers have been sleeping a lot since September.
i- My son had been breaking the bike for ten minutes when Paul arrived.
j- The train has been running since the driver started it.
6- a- The man has been sleeping for twenty minutes.

b- The man was sleeping twenty minutes ago.
c- The man has been sleeping since I left.
d- When I arrived this morning, the man had been sleeping for one hour (since one o’clock).
e- When my mother called, the man had slept one hour before.
f- The child has been playing for a quarter of an hour.
g- The child has been playing since noon.
h- The child was playing two hours ago.
i- When the train arrived the child had been playing for half an hour.
j- When the plane left the child had played one hour before.
k- The woman has been listening to music for twenty minutes.
l- The woman was listening to music twenty minutes ago.
m- The woman has been listening to music since Peter went.
n- When the child arrived this morning, the woman had been listening to music for an hour.
o- When her brother called, the woman had been listening to music one hour before.
p- The girl has been writing for a quarter of an hour.
q- The girl has been writing since noon.
r- The girl was writing one hour ago.
s- When my mother arrived, the girl had been writing for a quarter of an hour.
t- When my father left the girl had written two days before.
7- a- My uncle had been walking since half past ten yesterday (when he reached the bank).
b- My grandmother will have been listening to the radio for two hours tomorrow (when she turns on the TV
for the news).
c- My grandfather has been running a lot since last summer.
d- My cousins had drunk wine for ten minutes/had been drinking wine for ten minutes, when Paul arrived.
e- The cat has been running since the postman came.
f- Yesterday my brother had been running since after breakfast (when I got that long distance call for him).
g- My father will have been watching a film for a couple of hours next Sunday (when my cousin arrives at
6:15 in Waterloo station).

h- My mother has been swimming/has swum a lot since her illness.
i- My sons had been eating cookies for a few minutes when Mary called them.
j- The cook has been singing since the sun rose.
k- Yesterday the wind had been blowing since the morning/had begun to blow in the morning (when it
suddenly stopped).
l- The dog started to bark yesterday/has been barking since yesterday.
m- The cat had left the house a couple of minutes before I arrived/had been out of the house for a couple of
minutes when I arrived, and had been eating the mouse for a couple of minutes when I arrived. ( Strong
tendency to only use one temporal complement and hence use the forms that enable this temporal
complement to be common, that is to say “when I arrived” which means the sentence would probably be:
The cat had been out of the house and eating the mouse for a couple of minutes when I arrived.)
8- a- The children have been watching TV for fifteen minutes.

b- The children were watching TV fifteen minutes ago.
c- The children have been watching TV since my sister left.
d- When the train arrived this morning the children had been watching TV for two hours.
e- When my father called, The children had watched TV (had been watching TV) one hour before.
f- The dog has been eating for ten minutes.
g- The dog has been eating since a quarter past eleven.
h- The dog was eating one hour ago.
i- When my brother arrived, the dog had been eating for a dozen of minutes.
j- When the plane took off the dog had eaten one hour before.
k- The student has been reading his book for fifteen minutes.
l- The student was reading his book fifteen minutes ago.
m- The student has been reading his book since the teacher left.
n- When the sun rose the student had been reading his book for two hours (since two o’clock).
o- When his mother called the student had read his book two days before.
p- The baby has been walking for ten minutes.
q- The baby has been walking since five past twelve.
r- The baby was walking a quarter of an hour ago.
s- When his mother arrived, the baby had been walking for about ten minutes.
t- When the car left, the baby had walked one hour before.
u- The man stopped sleeping twenty minutes ago.
The man has not been sleeping/has been awake for twenty minutes.
v- My neighbor left one hour ago/at one o’clock.
My neighbor has been away for one hour/since one o’clock.
w- When I called him my father had already left two hours before/at two o’clock.
When I called him, my father had already been away for two hours/since two o’clock.
x- When I arrived this morning, the man had been sleeping for a few minutes.
y- I started to write (writing) as soon as I could, hardly twenty minutes ago.
I have been writing since as soon as I could, for hardly twenty minutes.
z- The child has been playing for a quarter of an hour.
ai- The child was playing two hours ago.
bi- The child started to walk two years ago, at the age of eighteen months.
The child has been walking for two years, since the age of eighteen months.
ci- When the child started to walk, his mother had been sick for a week.
di- My father died two days before I arrived.
My father had been dead for two days when I arrived.
9- a- Up to now, the police security systems HAVE PROVED to be efficient enough.

Jusqu’à présent les systèmes de sécurité policière ont été suffisants.
b- I HAD BEEN in the workshop SINCE ten o'clock when the telephone rang.
J’étais dans l’atelier depuis dix heures quand le téléphone sonna.
c- They HAD BEEN MARRIED FOR ten years when I met them.
Ils étaient mariés depuis dix ans quand je les ai rencontrés.
d- The word "robotics" HAS BEEN USED SINCE Isaac Asimov created it.
Le mot de robotique est employé depuis qu’Isaac Asimov l’a inventé.
e- They HAVE SHOWN that commercial FOR weeks now.
Ils montrent cette publicité depuis des semaines maintenant.
Cela fait des semaines qu’ils montrent cette publicité.
f- I see that you HAVE BOUGHT a new computer. Was it expensive?
Je vois que vous avez acheté un nouvel ordinateur. Etait-il cher ?
g- Hacking HAS BEDEVILLED the computer business SINCE its birth.

Le piratage a empoisonné l’industrie informatique depuis sa naissance.
h- My father HAS BEEN UP FOR ten minutes.
Mon père est levé depuis dix minutes.
i- The computer HAS NOT BROKEN DOWN SINCE they bought it.
L’ordinateur n’est pas tombé en panne depuis qu’ils l’ont acheté.
j- They HAVE USED this computer FOR years.
Ils utilisent cet ordinateur depuis des années.
k- I HAVE GROWN my hair SINCE you TOLD me it suits me.
Je me suis laissé pousser les cheveux depuis que tu m’as dit que cela m’allait.
(I have grown my hair since you’ve told me it suits me = Je me suis laissé pousser les cheveux puisque tu
m’as dit que cela m’allait.)
l- Mary HAS WORN that same old dress FOR ages.
Mary porte cette vieille robe depuis une éternité.
m- SINCE he HAD his shop repainted he HAS HAD a lot more customers.
Depuis qu’il a fait repeindre son magasin, il a beaucoup plus de clients.
(Since he has had his shop repainted he has had a lot more customers = Puisqu’il a fait repeindre son
magasin il a beaucoup plus de clients.)
n- He HAS BEEN mayor of this town FOR only six months.
Il n’est maire de cette ville que depuis six mois.
10- a- The dollar has been going up for five days. Since Monday it has gained thirty centimes.
b- Electronics have greatly improved over the last ten years. Electronics have been steadily improving for the
last ten years.
c- A new range of products has been provided to the French company Matra.
d- Two dates had been released for the launching of this product.
e- Four years ago a catastrophe nearly happened in a nuclear plant because a harmful program had been
introduced into the computer.
f- The new autonomous keyboard has been conceived to be still easier to use.
g- Yesterday the printer broke down. It stopped printing once more.
h- Up to now we have ordered Japanese equipment.
i- They have just received an important order from Germany. They just received an important order from
Germany.
j- He called his brother as soon as he got the package.
k- We turned to another dealer to have our machine repaired. He said he was coming this afternoon.
l- When the programmer has completely tested and corrected his work he stores it on a disk or a magnetic
tape.
m- As soon as a spreadsheet has been tested with a few data there is no danger of making a mistake.
11- a- The fitter HAS BEEN welding the part on the body for exactly six minutes.
b- The joiner HAS CUT wood with a saw for twenty minutes and is taking a rest now.
c- My neighbor HAS BEEN MOWING his lawn with a lawnmower since 10 a.m.
d- A worker WAS screwing a bolt onto the frame yesterday afternoon when I arrived.
e- The repairman HAS BEEN CLEANING the engine with care for half an hour. Look how dirty his hands
are.
f- A road worker HAS BEEN digging a hole in the street since this morning.
g- The foreman GAVE explanations to the team last week.
h- The secretary HAS BEEN typing a letter since she arrived.
i- My manager HAS TALKED on the telephone for two hours and he is finally finished.
j- A night watchman HAS BEEN STANDING next to the door of the office block for two hours, since exactly 8
p.m.
k- When the foreman called him the fitter HAD BEEN welding the part on the body since 10:00.
l- The joiner HAD CUT wood with a saw two hours before the day came to a close.
m- My neighbor HAD BEEN MOWING his lawn with a lawnmower for twenty minutes when the phone rang.
n- When it was time to go a worker HAD BEEN screwing a bolt onto a frame for a few minutes.
o- The repairman HAD CLEANED the engine with care for twenty minutes, but he was finished when I
arrived.)
p- When Paul arrived a road worker HAD BEEN digging a hole in the street since lunch time.
q- Two weeks before the foreman HAD GIVEN explanations to the team when work finally started.
r- The secretary HAD BEEN typing a letter a couple of hours before the manager called her.
s- When I entered his office my manager HAD BEEN TALKING on the telephone since the pause.
t- When the accident occurred a night watchman HAD BEEN STANDING next to the door of the office block
for about a quarter of an hour.

12- a- The screen has been on since 8:00 this morning.
b- My keyboard stopped working yesterday. My keyboard has been out of order since yesterday.
c- My computer’s printer has been working for three days without stopping and it hasn’t made one single
mistake yet.
d- The child has been playing with his electronic game since this morning 8 :00.
e- My working colleague has used the VCR since 8 :00 and he is now finished with it.
f- My working colleague has been using the VCR since 8 :00 and he still has two hours to go.
g- The foreman has been explaining to the workers the functioning of this machine for two weeks, since it
arrived, and they still haven’t understood (and they haven’t understood yet).
h- The machine has not been functioning very well for ten minutes.
i- Your computer has been used to process images since the new software arrived
j- My brother doesn’t know that I have been using his music software since he left.
k- My dealer has thought this computer is the best since he managed to use Windows 3.0 on it at its
maximum.
l- Computers have been considered as indispensable machines for some years now.
m- A week ago the child was playing « Rick Dangerous » when I came back from school. He had forgotten
he had homework to do.
n- My friend studied this software last week and he has known how to use it for two days.
o- The car’s piston was working properly yesterday but it hasn’t been working any more since this morning.
p- The moped’s spark plugs were dirty last week. No wonder you could not manage to start it.
q- The child had been watching TV for an hour when I arrived. I told him to stop. So he went to bed.
r- When I arrived the film had started five minutes before and the hero had been struggling against the force
of evil for hardly thirty seconds.
s- My brother was listening to the radio yesterday night when I called him. He had been listening to it for an
hour according to him. He was listening to a Bernard Shaw radio play. He has always listened to radio plays
in the evening.
t- A few years ago the software market was still rather small. It was still in full swing in 1987. Nowadays and
since then it has developed in quality more than in quantity.
u- Once again, the worker had not touched this tool for an hour when he realized it had disappeared. In fact
he had made a mistake. He had put it back in the wrong place after using it. But he only realized it after his
working colleague had looked for it for ten minutes and finally asked him where it was.
v- Last year I had been trying to finish my book for two months when I had this serious accident : my
computer started to malfunction. I was obliged to call in a specialist who told me I must have done a wrong
operation: part of the hard disk was erased. It must have been erased by my wrong maneuver. That’s why I
couldn’t do the operation I wanted.
w- When I started working again, I had not written a single page for a fortnight. I had been wasting my time
for two weeks and I had wasted enough time to be obliged to postpone delivery. I was not able to deliver on
time.
x- When the telephone rang my father was working in his study, my mother was preparing the evening meal
and I had been watching TV for ten minutes after having done my homework.
y- I had studied my English half an hour before when the telephone rang. It was my father.
z- I had been studying my English for half an hour when the telephone rang : it was my friend who told me he
was finished and he was about to go to the cinema, if I wanted to go with him.
13- a- Ruby has lived in Carter FOR eighty years, actually SINCE she was born.
Ruby vit à Carter depuis quatre-vingts ans, en fait depuis qu’elle est née.
b- She has operated the store FOR thirty years and has lived alone SINCE her husband died, twelve years
AGO.
Elle s’occupe du magasin depuis trente ans et vit seule depuis que son mari est mort, il y a douze ans.
c- She stopped pumping gas for the drivers two years AGO.
Elle a arrêté de servir de l’essence aux automobilistes elle-même il y a deux ans.
d- Indeed they have pumped it for themselves FOR two years, SINCE the pump was converted to self-
service.
En fait, ils se servent eux-mêmes depuis deux ans, depuis que la pompe a été mise en libre service.
e- Of course living there can be very risky: she has been the victim of a hold-up twice SINCE her husband
died.
Bien sûr vivre ici peut être très risqué : elle a été la victime d’un hold-up deux fois depuis que son mari est
mort.
f- The first attempted robbery happened ten years AGO.
La première tentative de hold-up a eu lieu il y a dix ans.
14- a- I have not seen him for two weeks.

b- His dog died three days ago.

His dog has been dead for three days.
c- How long have they been playing cards ? Since four p.m.
d- They have known each other since last vacation/holiday.
e- His father has been working in the same factory for more than twenty years ?
15- a- How long have you read/have you been reading this book ? I have read/have been reading this book
for two weeks.
b- How long have you been writing this letter ? I have been writing this letter since my mother arrived.
c- How long have you been in Paris ? I have been in Paris for a couple of years.
d- How long have you had this car ? I have had this car for a very long time.
e- How long have you spoken English ? I have spoken English since I was very young indeed.
16- a- Paul HAS BEEN COOKING fish soup in the kitchen for twenty minutes.
b- My mother PICKED flowers in the garden yesterday morning.
c- My uncle HAS DRUNK whisky since he GOT his job at the factory.
d- Your aunt HAS DRIVEN a car for quite many years, since she WENT to America.
e- My cousin FOUND a book in his car this morning.
17- a- During the last war, many soldiers fought FOR weeks without a day’s rest.
b- He could have come two months AGO.
c- He has changed jobs SINCE his mother died.
d- He has not written to his father FOR months.
e- He had played football FOR ten years.
f- SINCE when have you been learning English ?
g- You have been writing FOR two hours.
h- He has been writing detective stories SINCE he broke his leg.
i- I haven’t seen him FOR days.
j- He rang up, two days AGO
18- a- Paul has been working for two hours. Paul has been working since two o’clock.
b- My mother has been sleeping (has been asleep) for about twenty minutes.
c- Since this morning the wind has been blowing without stopping.
d- The man has been on the phone since he arrived.
e- The sun has not been shining for one day or two.
19- a- I told him to work harder two days ago.

b- I had understood what he had said two minutes before he left.
c- She has been writing to the manager for now ten minutes.
d- She has spoken English since she stayed in England in 1963.
e- It snowed over the city yesterday evening.
f- We had taken up our positions a few moments before.
g- He had driven his new car for twenty minutes when he had that horrible accident.
h- I have smoked cigars since I stopped smoking cigarettes.
i- Discontent has been running high among female voters since last elections.
j- John has been at home all the time since his mother came back last week.
20- a- He has been reading for three days.

b- He fell in the stairs twenty years ago.
c- We haven’t seen each other for years. We haven’t met for years.
d- Remember what I told you a fortnight ago.
e- A dog has been hiding behind the house for a week.
f- A few years ago this dress was fashionable.
g- I won’t have seen the sea for two years next month.
h- She had been living in London for two years when the racial riots burst out.
i- It has been snowing since 3 :00 p.m.
j- I saw her a minute ago.
FUTURE CONDITIONAL
1- Put the verbs in brackets in the future tense. Translate the sentences.

a- If you go there unarmed, they ……………………………… (kill) you.
b- If the teacher speaks so low, the students ……………………………… (go to sleep).
c- You ……………………………… (catch) a pneumonia and then you ……………………………… (die), if
you bathe in this cold water.
d- Tomorrow I ……………………………… (be) 20 and my mother ……………………………… give me a
new tie and a ticket for the cinema. My father ……………………………… (not + give) anything because he
is somewhere in China. If I am lucky, he ……………………………… (maybe + call) me on the phone.
e- In ten seconds it ……………………………… (be) the time to stop dreaming and start working, otherwise
you ……………………………… (get) a bad grade and your parents ……………………………… (not +
congratulate) you for your good results. They ……………………………… (even + punish) you and they
……………………………… (forbid) you to go out for a week and they ……………………………… (turn off)
the television for a month.
f- I don’t know when we ……………………………… (arrive) in Paris. Don’t ask me. The only thing I know is
that we ……………………………… (not + arrive) on time, and then we ……………………………… (maybe
+ miss) the beginning of the opera. The usherette ……………………………… (also + probably + refuse) us
to go in before the intermission.
g- Don’t open the door, otherwise the monster ……………………………… (come in) and it
……………………………… (try) to eat you, though it ……………………………… (not + succeed) because
you ……………………………… (fight back) and anyway it ……………………………… (break) its teeth
because you are too hard, as hard as a real rock.
2- Build a conditional sentence in IF with the elements proposed hereafter. Then translate the produced
sentences.
Example : If I was not too much of an idiot, I would understand what my father is trying to explain my
cousin.
Note the produced sentences must have a logical meaning.
a- He will not wait. He doesn’t have time.
b- The old man will not recognize me. He doesn’t have his glasses on.
c- I can’t open the door. This is the wrong key.
d-They can’t buy any food at the market. They have lost their purses.
e- This football player will never break the record. He has not trained properly.
f- He won’t be able to walk as far as the door. He is as drunk as a lord and he has lost both his shoes and his
glasses : he cannot even see the door.
g- You will not recognize him. He has changed completely . He has bought a new suit and a new hat. He has
had his hair cut. He has even shaved his beard.
h- God exists. It is not necessary to invent him. (Voltaire).
i- We will not have anything to eat today. We have no food left and our house has burned up completely
during the night.
j- Paul cannot dream of passing his exam. He has not worked at all this year.
3- What do the following statements imply ?

Example : « If he had known the answer, he would have given it. » It implies : He did not know the
answer and he did not give it.
a- If I had known the film was on, I would have gone and seen it.
It implies : …………
b- If he had known the policeman was a former champion, the thief would have stayed at home.
c- If the plane had been flying high enough, it would not have crashed into the mountain.
d- If she had gone to the hairdresser’s, she would have looked more lovely.
e- If she had cooked better, her guests would have enjoyed themselves.
4- Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the future or the conditional.
a- If you go there unarmed, they … (to kill) you.
b- If the teacher speaks so low, the students … (to protest).
c- You … (to catch) a cold, if you bathed here.
d- If Paul runs, he … (to miss, NOT) the bus.
e- I … (to go) to Paris or London, if Paul gave me some money.
f- The dog … (CAN, to eat) the meat I bought him, if I hadn’t forgotten it at the butcher’s.
g- That is the best present you … (CAN, to buy) him, if you have enough money to pay for it.
h- If I were you, I … (to go) to the cinema without any hesitation and I … (to see) this film tonight.

i- If the sun shines today, there … (to be, NOT) an excuse not to go to the beach.
j- My friend … (to love, really) this book, if he had it and could read it.

a- Mon frère ira à l’école demain si sa bicyclette est réparée.
b- Demain le soleil brillera et une nouvelle journée commencera.
c- Mon frère m’a dit hier qu’il viendrait ce soir.
d- Mon frère m’a dit hier qu’il viendra ce soir.
e- Si tu avais un peu d’intelligence, tu essaierais de travailler plus dur.
f- Un enfant m’a téléphoné la semaine dernière pour me dire qu’il n’y aurait pas de classe aujourd’hui.
g- Tu pourras chanter demain à six heures.
h- Comme tu es intelligent! Tu seras un jour une personne célèbre.
i- Si tu voulais tu pourrais réussir.
j- Mais comme tu ne veux pas, tu ne pourras pas réussir à ton examen.
CORRECTION
1- a- If you go there unarmed, they WILL KILL you.
Si vous allez là sans armes, ils vous tueront.
b- If the teacher speaks so low, the students WILL GO TO SLEEP.
Si le professeur parle aussi bas, les étudiants s’endormiront.
c- You WILL CATCH a pneumonia and then you WILL DIE, if you bathe in this cold water.
Vous attraperez une pneumonie et vous mourrez si vous vous baignez dans cette eau glacée.
d- Tomorrow I WILL BE 20 and my mother WILL GIVE me a new tie and a ticket for the cinema. My father
WILL NOT GIVE anything because he is somewhere in China. If I am lucky, he WILL MAYBE CALL me on
the phone.
Demain j’aurai vingt ans et ma mère me donnera une nouvelle cravate et un billet de cinéma. Mon père ne
donnera rien parce qu’il est quelque part en Chine. Si j’ai de la chance, il me téléphonera peut-être .
e- In ten seconds it WILL BE the time to stop dreaming and start working, otherwise you WILL GET a bad
grade and your parents WILL NOT CONGRATULATE you for your good results. They WILL EVEN PUNISH
you and they WILL FORBID you to go out for a week and they WILL TURN OFF the television for a month.
Dans dix secondes, il sera l’heure d’arrêter de rêver et de commencer à travailler, sinon tu auras une
mauvaise note et tes parents ne te féliciteront pas pour tes bons résultats. Ils te puniront même et ils
t’interdiront de sortir pendant une semaine et ils couperont la télé pendant un mois.
f- I don’t know when we WILL ARRIVE in Paris. Don’t ask me. The only thing I know is that we WILL NOT
ARRIVE on time, and then we WILL MAYBE MISS the beginning of the opera. The usherette WILL ALSO
PROBABLY REFUSE us to go in before the intermission.
Je ne sais pas quand nous arriverons à Paris. Ne me le demande pas. La seule chose que je sais c’est que
nous n’arriverons pas à l’heure, et alors nous manquerons peut-être le début de l’opéra. L’ouvreuse
nous refusera aussi probablement d’entrer avant l’entracte.
g- Don’t open the door, otherwise the monster WILL COME IN and it WILL TRY to eat you, though it WILL
NOT SUCCEED because you WILL FIGHT BACK and anyway it WILL BREAK its teeth because you are
too hard, as hard as a real rock.
N’ouvre pas la porte, sinon le monstre entrera et il essaiera de te manger bien qu’il ne réussira pas parce
que tu te débattras et de toute façon il se cassera les dents parce que tu es trop dur, aussi dur qu’une
vraie pierre.
2- a- If he had time he would wait.

S’il avait le temps il attendrait.
b-If he had his glasses on, the old man would recognize me.
S’il avait ses lunettes, le vieil homme me reconnaîtrait.
c- If I had the right key, I could open the door.
Si j’avais la bonne clé, je pourrais ouvrir la porte.
d- If they had not lost their purses, they could buy food at the market.
S’ils n’avaient pas perdu leurs porte-monnaie, ils pourraient acheter de la nourriture au marché.
e- If he had trained properly, this football player would break the record.
S’il s’était entraîné correctement, ce footballeur battrait le record.
f- If he wasn’t as drunk as a lord, hadn’t lost his shoes and his glasses, could see the door, he could walk as
far as this door.
S’il n’était pas ivre comme un (choose what you want here : in French the common saying is
racist. To have exactly the same meaning as in English we should translate : comme un
sénateur ou comme un seigneur. Or ni l’un ni l’autre n’ont le sens voulu en français. Yet we
have in French the familiar expression : plein comme une huître. You may use it), s’il n’avait

pas perdu ses chaussures et ses lunettes, s’il pouvait voir la porte, il pourrait marcher jusqu’à cette
porte (jusqu’à elle).
g- If he hadn’t changed completely, hadn’t bought a new suit and a new hat, hadn’t had his hair cut, hadn’t
shaved his beard, you would recognize him.
S’il n’avait pas changé complètement, s’il n’avait pas acheté un nouveau costume et un nouveau
chapeau, s’il ne s’était pas fait couper les cheveux, s’il n’avait pas rasé sa barbe, vous le
reconnaîtriez.
h- If God existed, it would not be necessary to invent him.
Si dieu existait, on n’aurait pas besoin de l’inventer.
i- If we had some food left and our house hadn’t burned up completely during the night, we would have
something to eat today.
Si nous avions de la nourriture de reste et si la maison n’avait pas brûlé pendant la nuit, nous
aurions de quoi manger aujourd’hui.
j- If he had worked at all this year, Paul could dream of passing his exam.
S’il avait travaillé un tant soit peu cette année, Paul pourrait rêver d’obtenir son examen.
3- a- If I had known the film was on, I would have gone and seen it.
It implies : I did not know the film was on, and I did not go and see it.
b- If he had known the policeman was a former champion, the thief would have stayed at home.
It implies : The thief did not know the policeman was a former champion and he did not stay at home.
c- If the plane had been flying high enough, it would not have crashed into the mountain.
It implies : The plane was not flying high enough and the plane crashed into the mountain
d- If she had gone to the hairdresser’s, she would have looked more lovely.
It implies : She did not go to the hairdresser’s, and she did not look lovely.
e- If she had cooked better, her guests would have enjoyed themselves.
It implies : She did not cook well and her guests did not enjoy themselves.
4- a- If you go there unarmed, they WILL KILL you.

b- If the teacher speaks so low, the students WILL PROTEST.
c- You WOULD CATCH a cold, if you bathed here.
d- If Paul runs, he WON’T MISS the bus.
e- I WOULD GO to Paris or London, if Paul gave me some money.
f- The dog WOULD BE ABLE TO EAT/COULD EAT the meat I bought him, if I hadn’t forgotten it at the
butcher’s.
g- That is the best present you WILL BE ABLE TO BUY/CAN BUY him, if you have enough money to pay
for it.
h- If I were you, I WOULD GO to the cinema without any hesitation and I WOULD SEE this film tonight.
i- If the sun shines today, there WON’T BE an excuse not to go to the beach.
j- My friend WOULD REALLY LOVE this book, if he had it and could read it.
5- a- My brother will go to school tomorrow if his bike is repaired.

b- Tomorrow the sun will shine and a new day will start.
c- My brother told me yesterday he would come tonight.
d- My brother told me yesterday he will come tonight.
e- If you had a little bit of intelligence (if you were a little bit intelligent), you would try to work harder.
f- A child phoned me last week to tell me there was no class today/ that there would be no class today.
g- You will be able to sing tomorrow at six.
h- How intelligent you are! You will be famous one day.
i- If you wanted you could succeed.
j- But, since you don’t want to, you will not be able to pass your exam
GENITIVE
1- Use a genitive construction
a- He has taken the toys of his sister.
b- Look at the remaining jewels of the Princess.
c- She dug a little earth with the permission of the owner of the farm.
d- I’ll have to phone the parents of Dick first, and then the parents of Laura.
e- She reported the opinion of the staff to the boss.
f- It is like taking the property of someone else.
g- She did not suspect the notoriety of her relatives.

h- My dog can bring me the paper of today if I ask him to.
i- She took me for a drive which lasted two hours.
j- I think it is one of the sapphires of the Queen of England.
2- Use a genitive construction

a- Look at the long black coat of that poor man.
b- She helped him carry the luggage of Mr and Mrs Bart.
c- She helped him carry the bags of Mr Bark and those of Dave.
d- We went on a fantastic ride, we rode 30 miles.
e- And he enjoys making speeches which last several hours.
f- I talked to the parents of these ill-educated children.
g- That is it: I am one of the cousins of Jane and Jenny.
h- That must have been the garage of someone else.
i- Have you ever visited the Cathedral called after Saint Paul?
j- I like the gentleness of these men.
3- Build genitives on the following formula N2’s N1

a- N1: the new car N2: my uncle
b- N1: the big gardens N2: the new doctors
c- N1: the three children N2: my schoolteacher
d- N1: the top N2: the mountain
e- N1: the new car N2: my workmates
4- Time genitives. Translate either into French or into English.

a- a day's rest
b- une journée de travail
c- a night's sleep
d- un mois de salaire
e- a two weeks' vacation
f- une heure de retard
g- She came back to Germany after a three months' absence.
h- Il rentra en France après deux ans d'absence.
i- He had a two weeks' beard.
j- elle n'a jamais plus de six heures de sommeil.
k- he finally rested after his two weeks' trip.
l- dans une heure
m- dans une semaine
n- dans un mois
o- dans une année
p- dans un trimestre
5- Space genitive. Translate either into French or into English.

a- a ten miles' walk is really something.
b- un espace de six pieds est suffisant pour un massif de fleurs.
c- there is a one inch's interval between A and B.
d- Il y a un trou de trois points dans le graphique.
e- Avez-vous vu le creux de deux pouces dans le graphique?
f- These two stations are at a 15 megahertz's distance.
g- Great Britain's main asset is its monuments.
h- France's economy is slipping.
i- I prefer Germany's cities to Italy's villages.
j- Canada's computers are not very good.
k- Spain's tourism is very exciting.
l- Moscow's Red Square is famous.
m- Le Louvre de Paris est très célèbre.
n- Les vins de Bordeaux sont très chers.
o- Les stations télé de Berlin sont en allemand.
p- L'atmosphère pétillante de ma ville universitaire a disparu.
6- Build a noun phrase on the pattern N2's N1. Then Translate

a- N1: the film screens N2: the cinemas
b- N1: the award N2: the French film
c- N1: the bikes N2: the old men

d- N1: the blue books N2: the users
e- N1: the green plane N2: the young pilot
f- N1: the telephone N2: the office
g- N1: the telephones N2: the officers
h- N1: the optic pencil N2: the new programmer
i- N1: the new games N2: Nintendo
j- N1: the four wheels N2: this old car
k- N1: the CPU N2: the computer
l- N1: the printers N2: the computers
m- N1: the computer that we just bought N2: our office
n- N1: the new computer N2: the man who is a teacher
o- N1: the desk N2: Paul
p- N1: the new car N2: my workmate
q- N1: the red car N2: my new friend
r- N1: three mice N2: his new computers
s- N1: the new TV N2: the young man who is reading
t- N1: the VCR N2: Mr Smith
7- Genealogical tree
Paul SMITH Mary SMITH
|__________________|
__________________________|______________________
| | | |
Mary Ann Paul Andrew Tom Lizbeth
| | | |
Peter Mary Ann Paul A. Abigail Tom SMITH Peter Lizbeth
BLISS BLISS SMITH SMITH WIZARD WIZARD
|________| |____________| |_________|
_______|_______ _____|___________ ________|___
| | | | | | | |
John James Sue Mike Edgar Allan Jerry Carol
Express the family link between the two people suggested and then ask a question according to the
example. Answer this question expressing all possible links (father, mother, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece,
cousin, grandfather, grandmother, grandson, granddaughter).
Example:
Mike -- Tom SMITH.
Mike is Tom SMITH's nephew.
Whose nephew is Mike?
Mike is Peter and Mary Ann BLISS's, Tom SMITH's and Peter and Lizbeth WIZARD's nephew.
a- Allan SMITH -- James BLISS.
b- Sue BLISS -- Abigail SMITH.
c- Abigail SMITH -- Sue BLISS.
d- Mary Ann BLISS -- Abigail SMITH.
e- Abigail SMITH -- Mary Ann BLISS.
f- Paul SMITH -- Jerry WIZARD.
g- Jerry WIZARD -- Paul SMITH.
h- Edgar SMITH -- Paul Andrew SMITH.
i- Paul Andrew SMITH -- Edgar SMITH.
j- James BLISS -- Allan SMITH.
8- COMPUTER CONFIGURATION

Answer the following questions and translate the answers.
a- Whose Arithmetic/Logic Unit is ALU2?
b- Whose keyboard is keyboard2?
c- Whose mouse is mouse2?
d- Whose monitor is monitor1?
e- Whose printer is the printer?
a- Whose mouse is mouse1?
b- Whose keyboard is keyboard1?
c- Whose monitor is monitor2?
d- Whose CPU is CPU2?
e- Whose Arithmetic/Logic Unit is ALU1?
9- Put the adjectives in their proper places, then stress the proper syllables and then translate.
a- a lady's bike, green, old. Classifying.
b- a driver's license, old, French. Classifying.
c- a driver's seat, narrow. Classifying.
d- a child's suit, original. Classifying.
e- a technician's degree, highly-valued. Classifying.
f- my neighbor’s lawn, French, green. Identifying.
g- Paul's mother's car, old, red. Identifying.
h- the sailor's cap, Swedish, blue. Identifying.
i- your friend's VCR, best, computerized. Identifying.
j- an Englishman's cup of tea, very polite, hot. Identifying.
10- Build the proper noun phrases with the given elements
a- a lady's bike, green, old. Classifying.
b- a driver's license, old, French. Classifying.
c- a driver's seat, narrow. Classifying.
d- a child's suit, original. Classifying.

e- a technician's degree, highly-valued. Classifying.
f- my neighbour's lawn, French, green. Identifying.
g- Paul's mother's car, old, red. Identifying.
h- the sailor's cap, Swedish, blue. Identifying.
i- your friend's VCR, best, computerised. Identifying.
j- an Englishman's cup of tea, very polite, hot. Identifying.
CORRECTION
1- a- He has taken his sister’s toys.
b- Look at the Princess’s remaining jewels.
c- She dug a little earth with the owner of the farm’s permission.
Or the farm-owner’s permission.
d- I’ll have to phone Dick’s parents first, and then Laura’s parents.
e- She reported the staff’s opinion to the boss.
f- It is like taking someone else’s property.
g- She did not suspect her relatives’ notoriety.
h- My dog can bring me today’s paper if I ask him to.
i- She took me for a two hours’ drive.
j- I think it is one of the Queen of England’s sapphires.
2- a- Look at that poor man’s long black coat.

b- She helped him carry Mr and Mrs Bart’s luggage.
c- She helped him carry Mr Bark’s and Dave’s bags.
d- We went on a fantastic 30 miles’ ride.
e- And he enjoys making several hours’ speeches.
f- I talked to these ill-educated children’s parents.
g- I am one of Jane and Jenny’s cousins (all the cousins Jane and Jenny have are the same) or one of
Jane’s and Jenny’s cousins (I am one or the only common cousin among Jane’s cousins and Jenny’s
cousins that are not the same set of people).
h- That must have been someone else’s garage.
i- Have you ever visited Saint Paul’s cathedral?
j- I like these men’s gentleness.
3- a- My uncle’s new car

b- The new doctors’ big gardens
c- My schoolteacher’s three children
d- The mountain’s top
e- My workmates’ new car
4- a- un jour de repos
b- a day’s work
c- une nuit de sommeil
d- a month’s salary
e- deux semaines de vacances
f- an hour’s tardiness
g- Elle est rentrée en Allemagne après trois mois d’absence.
h- He came back to France after a two year’s absence.
i- Il avait une barbe de deux semaines.
j- She never gets more than six hours’ sleep.
k- Il s’est enfin reposé après son voyage de deux semaines.
l- in an hour’s time
m- in a week’s time
n- in a month’s time
o- in a year’s time
p- in a quarter’s time
5- a- une randonnée de seize kilomètres n’est vraiment rien.

b- A six feet’s space is enough in a flowerbed.
c- Il y a un intervalle d’un centimètre et demi entre A et B.
d- There is a three points’ hole in the graph.
e- Did you see the two inches’ depression in the graph ?
f- Ces deux stations sont à 15 Mhz de distance.

g- Le principal atout de la Grande Bretagne sont ses monuments.
h- L’économie de la France est en chute.
i- Je préfère les villes d’Allemagne aux villages d’Italie.
j- Les ordinateurs canadiens ne sont pas très bons.
k- Le tourisme en Espagne est très excitant.
l- La Place Rouge de Moscou est très célèbre.
m- Paris’s Louvre is very famous.
n- Bordeaux’s wines (Bordeaux wines) are very expensive.
o- Berlin’s TV stations are in German.
p- My university town’s bracing atmosphere has disappeared.
6- a- The cinemas’ filmscreens : les écrans des cinémas

b- The French film’s award : le prix du film français
c- The old men’s bikes : les vélos des vieux hommes (identifying) ou les vieilles bicyclettes d’homme
(classifying)
d- The users’ blue books : les livres bleus des utilisateurs
e- The young pilot’s green plane : l’avion vert du jeune pilote.
f- The office’s telephone : le téléphone du bureau
g- The officers’ telephones : les téléphones des officiers
h- The new programer’s optic pencil : le crayon optique du nouveau programmeur
i- Nintendo’s new games : les nouveaux jeux de Nintendo
j- This old car’s four wheels : les quatre roues de cette vieille voiture
k- The computer’s CPU : la CPU (l’unité centrale) de l’ordinateur.
l- The computers’ printers : les imprimantes des ordinateurs.
m- Our office’s computer that we just bought : l’ordinateur de notre bureau, que nous venons (juste)
d’acheter.
n- The man who is a teacher’s new computer : le nouvel ordinateur de l’homme qui est professeur.
o- Paul’s desk : le bureau de Paul.
p- My workmate’s new car : la nouvelle voiture de mon collègue.
q- My new friend’s red car : la voiture rouge de mon nouvel ami.
r- His new computers’ three mice : les trois souris de ses nouveaux ordinateurs.
s- The young man who is reading’s new TV : la nouvelle télé du jeune homme qui est en train de lire.
t- Mr Smith’s VCR : le magnétoscope de M. Smith.
7-a- Allan SMITH -- James BLISS. Allan Smith is James Bliss’s cousin. Whose cousin is Allan ? Allan is
John, James and Sue Bliss’s and Jerry and Carol Wizard’s cousin.
b- Sue BLISS -- Abigail SMITH. Sue Bliss is Abigail Smith’s niece. Whose niece is Sue Bliss ? Sue is Paul
A. and Abigail Smith’s, Tom Smith’s and Peter and Lizbeth Wizard’s niece.
c- Abigail SMITH -- Sue BLISS. Abigail Smith is Sue Bliss’s aunt. Whose aunt is Abigail Smith ? Abigail is
John, James and Sue Bliss’s and Jerry and Carol Wizard’s aunt.
d- Mary Ann BLISS -- Abigail SMITH. Mary Ann Bliss is Abigail Smith’s sister in law. Whose sister in law is
Mary Ann. Mary Ann is Abigail Smith’s and Peter Wizard’s sister in law.
e- Abigail SMITH -- Mary Ann BLISS. Abigail Smith is Mary Ann Bliss’s sister in law. Whose sister in law is
Abigail Smith ? Abigail is Peter and Mary Ann Bliss’s, Tom Smith’s and Peter and Lizbeth Wizard’s sister in
law.
f- Paul SMITH -- Jerry WIZARD. Paul Smith is Jerry Wizard’s grandfather. Whose grandfather is Paul
Smith ? Paul is John, James and Sue Bliss’s, Mike, Edgar and Allan Smith’s and Jerry and Carol Wizard’s
grandfather.
g- Jerry WIZARD -- Paul SMITH. Jerry Wizard is Paul Smith’s grandson. Whose grandson is Jerry ? Jerry is
Paul and Mary Smith’s grandson.
h- Edgar SMITH -- Paul Andrew SMITH. Edgar Smith is Paul Andrew Smith’s son. Whose son is Edgar
Smith ? Edgar is Paul Andrew and Abigail Smith’s son.
i- Paul Andrew SMITH -- Edgar SMITH. Paul Andrew Smith is Edgar Smith’s father. Whose father is Paul
Andrew ? Paul Andrew is Mike, Edgar and Allan Smith’s father.
j- James BLISS -- Allan SMITH. James Bliss is Allan Smith’s cousin. Whose cousin is James Bliss ? James
is Mike, Edgar and Allan Smith’s and Jerry and Carol Wizard’s cousin.
8- a- ALU2 is computer 2’s Arithmetic/Logic Unit. L’ALU2 est l’unité arithmétique/logique de l’ordinateur 2.
b- Keyboard 2 is computer 2’s keyboard. Le clavier 2 est le clavier de l’ordinateur 2.
c- Mouse 2 is computer 2’s mouse. La souris 2 est la souris de l’ordinateur 2.
d- Monitor 1 is computer 1’s monitor. Le moniteur 1 est le moniteur de l’ordinateur 1.
e- The printer is computers 1 and 2’s printer. Cette imprimante est l’imprimante des ordinateurs 1 et 2.
f- Mouse 1 is Computer 1’s mouse. La souris 1 est la souris de l’ordinateur 1.

g- Keyboard 1 is Computer 1’s keyboard. Le clavier 1 est le clavier de l’ordinateur 1
h- Monitor 2 is computer 2’s monitor. Le moniteur 2 est le moniteur de l’ordinateur 2
i- CPU 2 is Computer 2’s CPU. L’unité centrale 2 est l’unité centrale de l’ordinateur 2.
j- ALU 1 is computer 1’s Arithmetic/Logic Unit. L’ALU 1 est l’unité arithmétique/logique de l’ordinateur 1.
9- a- an old green lady's bike

Une vieille bicyclette de femme verte
b- an old French driver's license
un vieux permis de conduire français
c- a narrow driver's seat
un siège de conducteur étroit
d- an original child's suit
un costume d’enfant original
e- a highly-valued technician's degree
un diplôme de technicien hautement apprécié
f- my French neighbour's green lawn
la pelouse verte de mon voisin français
g- Paul's old mother's red car
la voiture rouge de la vieille mère de Paul
h- the Swedish sailor's blue cap
la casquette bleue du marin suédois
i- your best friend's computerized VCR
le magnétoscope digital de votre meilleur ami
j- a very polite Englishman's hot cup of tea
la tasse de thé chaud d’un Anglais très poli
GERUND VS INFINITIVE
1- Rewrite the verbs in capital letters in the proper forms (give only one solution)
a- Paul began DRINK water when he was young.
b- Tonight at six the old man will stop WORK forever.
c- The train did not stop RUN: it continued RUN right through the station.
d- The friend of mine you know started READ detective stories at the age of ten, and now he can’t stop
READ them even EAT and DRINK
e- Mary went on SLEEP all the time he spoke and she did not stop SNORE one single minute.
f- The man begins EAT in ten minutes.
g- Yesterday at seven the old lady stopped SPEAK forever.
h- The car did not stop SLIDE; It continued SLIDE right into the river.
i- The neighbor of yours I know started WRITE articles in the local newspaper last year, and now he can’t
stop WRITE them even TRAVEL or GO on vacation.
j- My sister went on CRY all the time I spoke to her and she did not stop COUGH one single minute.
k- The car begins RUN in ten minutes.
l- Last week the man stopped DRINK forever.
m- The plane did not stop FLY: it continued FLY right into the airport tower.
n- The brother of hers I dislike started EAT meat last year in a Mexican restaurant, and he now can’t stop
EAT meat even DRINK or SLEEP.
o- My dog went on BARK all the time she stayed at the door and it did not stop SCRATCH the rug one single
second.
p- The wind begins BLOW in ten minutes.
q- Last month the old lady stopped SPEAK for a long time.
r- The girl didn’t stop WALK: she continued WALK right into the garden behind my house.
s- The neighbor of theirs I can’t stand started SPEAK English last year on December 22 nd in London, and
since then he can’t stop SPEAK English, even ASK the teacher a question or TELL his mother his grades.
t- My brother went on SMILE all the time he listened to me and he did not stop RUB his hands.
u- Paul began LISTEN and RECORD at 6:05.
v- He stopped WORK and RECORD at 8:00, GO back home and EAT.
w- When he arrived his son did not stop CRY and SHOUT: he went on YELL till his father finally decided
GIVE him a slap and PUNISH him.
x- Then the boy stopped BEHAVE like a pest and he refused SAY the slightest word, and he began REFUSE
LOOK at his father.

y- It finally began BE a nice evening
2- Put the verbs into the gerund or into the infinitive

a- I think (to smoke) here is prohibited.
b- He really wants me (to enjoy) myself.
c- She insisted on (to help) her sister.
d- They ordered him (to leave) immediately.
e- I’d like (to thank) you for your contribution.
f- His parents expect him (to succeed) in life.
g- I’d rather (to go) to the cinema.
h- You are not obliged (to accept) my offer.
i- I don’t think you should let him (to know) about your plans.
j- I’m tired of (to tell) him again and again.
CORRECTION
1- a- Paul began to drink/drinking water when he was young.
b- Tonight at six the old man will stop working forever.
c- The train did not stop running: it continued running/to run right through the station.
d- The friend of mine you know started to read/reading detective stories at the age of ten, and now he can’t
stop reading them even to eat and to drink
e- Mary went on to sleep/sleeping all the time he spoke and she did not stop snoring one single minute.
f- The man begins to eat/eating in ten minutes.
g- Yesterday at seven the old lady stopped speaking forever.
h- The car did not stop sliding; it continued sliding/to slide right into the river.
i- The neighbor of yours I know started to write/writing articles in the local newspaper last year, and now he
can’t stop writing them even to travel or to go on vacation.
j- My sister went on to cry/crying all the time I spoke to her and she did not stop coughing one single
minute.
k- The car begins to run/running in ten minutes.
l- Last week the man stopped drinking forever.
m- The plane did not stop flying: it continued to fly/flying right into the airport tower.
n- The brother of hers I dislike started eating/to eat meat last year in a Mexican restaurant, and he now can’t
stop eating meat even to drink or to sleep.
o- My dog went on to bark/barking all the time she stayed at the door and it did not stop scratching the rug
one single second.
p- The wind begins blowing/to blow in ten minutes.
q- Last month the old lady stopped speaking for a long time.
r- The girl didn’t stop walking: she continued to walk/walking right into the garden behind my house.
s- The neighbor of theirs I can’t stand started to speak/speaking English last year on December 22 nd in
London, and since then he can’t stop speaking English, even to ask the teacher a question or to tell his
mother his grades.
t- My brother went on smiling/to smile all the time he listened to me and he did not stop rubbing his hands.
u- Paul began listening/to listen and recording/to record at 6:05.
v- He stopped working and recording at 8:00, to go back home and to eat.
w- When he arrived his son did not stop crying and shouting: he went on yelling/to yell till his father finally
decided to give him a slap and to punish him.
x- Then the boy stopped behaving like a pest and he refused to say the slightest word, and he began
refusing/to refuse to look at his father.
y- It finally began to be/being a nice evening
2- a- I think SMOKING here is prohibited.

b- He really wants me TO ENJOY myself.
c- She insisted on HELPING her sister.
d- They ordered him TO LEAVE immediately.
e- I’d like TO THANK you for your contribution.
f- His parents expect him TO SUCCEED in life.
g- I’d rather GO to the cinema.
h- You are not obliged TO ACCEPT my offer.
i- I don’t think you should let him KNOW about your plans.
j- I’m tired of TELLING him again and again.

HAVE
1- Turn into the interrogative and then the negative forms
a- Paul has several books.
b- My brother has a car and a moped.
c- Sheila's mother has great patience.
d- The children have breakfast on the terrace at 8:00.
e- Peter and Mary have plenty of jeans.
f- I have a watch and two hats.
g- You have enough time to go to the baker's.
h- They have the names of the pupils in their satchels.
i- We have Mrs Eisenberg's shirts in our car.
j- That dog has a very bad master.
2- Give the question-tags of the sentences of the previous exercise.
3- Old and archaic British English VS modern British English and American English. Fill in the blanks.
OLD GB MODERN GB AND US
Paul has got a watch ..............................................................
Mary has got a red dress ..............................................................
.............................................................. The children have three pets.
.............................................................. Do you have a newspaper?
We haven't got any time to play. ..............................................................
Has he got a pair of jeans? ..............................................................
That book has got many pages. ..............................................................
.............................................................. Don't you have any patience?
.............................................................. Mardell has a new pickup, doesn't she?
.............................................................. The window has no handle, does it?
This cake has got a good taste, hasn't it? ..............................................................
.............................................................. This problem has some logic, doesn't it?
.............................................................. Paul and Mary have no money at all.

a- Je prends mon petit déjeuner tous les matins à 8 heures.
b- En ce moment mon frère prend son dîner sur la terrasse.
c- Notre sœur prend une douche tous les soirs, n'est-ce pas?
d- Leur grand père est en train de prendre son bain. Ne le dérangez pas.
e- Un dictionnaire a beaucoup de pages mais ce dictionnaire n'a pas beaucoup d'images.
f- Les fenêtres de la maison de Richard n'ont pas de carreaux. Il a froid le soir.
g- Votre soupe n'a pas de goût car elle n'a pas de sel.
h- Un chien a plein de dents mais une table n'a que quatre pieds.
i- Pensez-vous que le gendarme a son képi? Il ne l'avait pas hier.
j- La semaine dernière mon frère avait un exercice de maths mais cette semaine il a une dissertation de
français.
CORRECTION
1- Turn into the interrogative and then the negative forms
a- Does Paul have several books ? Paul doesn’t have several books.
b- Does my brother have a car and a moped ? My brother doesn’t have a car and a moped.
c- Does Sheila’s mother have great patience ? Sheila’s mother doesn’t have great patience.
d- Do the children have breakfast on the terrace at 8 :00 ? The children don’t have breakfast on the terrace
at 8 :00.
e- Do Peter and Mary have plenty of jeans ? Peter and Mary don’t have plenty of jeans.
f- Do I have a watch and two hats ? I don’t have a watch and two hats.
g- Do you have enough time to go to the baker’s ? You don’t have enough time to go to the baker’s.
h- Do they have the names of the pupils in their satchels ? They don’t have the names of the pupils in their
satchels.
i- Do we have Mrs Eisenberg’s shirts in our car ? We don’t have Mrs Eisenberg’s shirts in our car.
j- Does that dog have a very bad master ? That dog doesn’t have a very bad master.
2- a- doesn’t he?

b- doesn’t he?
c- hasn’t she?
d- don’t they?
e- don’t they?
f- don’t I?
g- don’t you?
h- don’t they?
i- don’t we?
j- doesn’t it?
3- Old and archaic British English VS modern British English and American English. Fill in the blanks.
OLD GB MODERN GB AND US
Paul has got a watch Paul has a watch.
Mary has got a red dress Mary has a red dress.
The children have got three pets. The children have three pets.
Have you got a newspaper. Do you have a newspaper?
We haven't got any time to play. We don’t have any time to play.
Has he got a pair of jeans? Does he have a pair of jeans.
That book has got many pages. That book has many pages.
Haven’t you got any patience ? Don't you have any patience?
Mardell has got a new pickup, hasn’t she ? Mardell has a new pickup, doesn't she?
The window hasn’t got a handle, has it ? The window has no handle, does it?
This cake has got a good taste, hasn't it? This cake has a good taste, doesn’t it ?
This problem has got some logic, hasn’t it ? This problem has some logic, doesn't it?
Paul and Mary have got no money at all. Paul and Mary have no money at all.

a- I have breakfast every morning at 8 :00
b- Right now my brother is having dinner (lunch) on the terrace.
c- Our sister has a shower every night, doesn’t she ?
d- Their grandfather is having a bath. Do not (don’t) disturb him.
e- A dictionary has many pages, but this dictionary doesn’t have many pictures.
f- The windows of Richard’s house don’t have panes. He is cold at night.
g- Your soup has no taste because it has no salt.
h- A dog has many teeth but a table only has four legs.
i- Do you think the policeman has his cap ? He did not have it yesterday.
j- Last week my brother had a math paper, but this week he has a French one.
IF CLAUSES
1- Put the verb in the present or in the future and then translate the sentences
a- If Paul ............................ (come) this afternoon, I will tell him your message.
b- Mary ............................ (meet) your father tomorrow, if she goes to the museum.
c- If my mother ............................ (call) before nine, I will tell her you want to see her.
d- The car ............................ (start) if there is petrol in the tank.
e- The children ............................ (play) football this afternoon, if the weather ............................ (be) fine.
2- Put the verb in the preterite or the conditional and then translate the sentences.
a- If Peter ............................ (want) to go, he would ask his father.
b- My mother ............................ (call) her cousin if she wanted to know the name of her daughter.
c- If Your neighbor ............................ (buy) a car, he would park it in the street.
d- My boss ............................ (buy) a computer, if he were a little bit more modern.
d- If the secretary ............................ (be) on time in the morning, she ............................ (do) her work
properly.
3- Put the verb into the correct form. Then translate.

a- They would be rather offended if I ............................ (go + not) to see them.
b- If you took more exercise, you ............................ (feel) better.
c- If I was offered the job, I think I ............................ (take) it.
d- I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I would be surprised if she ............................ (refuse).

e- If I sold my car, I ............................ (get + not) much money for it.
f- A lot of people would be out of work if the factory ............................ (close down).
g- What would happen if I ............................ (press) that red button?
h- Liz gave me this ring. She ............................ (be) very upset, if I lost it.
i- Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ............................ (come + not).
j- Would Tim mind if I ............................ (borrow) his bicycle without asking him?
k- If somebody ............................ (walk) in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
l- I am sure Sue ............................ (understand) if you explained the situation to her.
m- If I ............................ (know) his number, I would phone him.
n- I ............................ (buy + not) that coat if I were you.
o- I ............................ (help) you if I could, but I am afraid I can't.
p- We would need a car if we ............................ (live) in the country.
q- If we had the choice, we ............................ (live) in the country.
r- This soup isn't very good. It ............................ (taste) better if it wasn't so salty.
s- I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather ............................ (be) better.
t- If I were you, I ............................ (wait + not). I ............................ (go) now.
u- You're always tired. If you ............................ (go + not) to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all
the time.
v- I think there are too many cars. If there ............................ (be + not) so many cars, there ............................
(be + not) so much pollution.
4- Rewrite according to the following example (two answers)

Paul is rich. Paul buys a car.
a- Paul will buy a car if he is rich
b- Paul would buy a car if he was rich.
a- Paul is reading a book. Paul has his glasses.
b- Mary has a car. Mary goes to London tomorrow.
c- Mrs Wilson is preparing soup. Mrs Wilson has bought vegetables.
d- My mother has learned English. My mother speaks on the phone with Dr Ramsay in the USA.
e- The children can swim. The children go to the swimming pool.
f- The cat has come back. Paul serves meat to the cat.
g- The paint is dry. Paul gets ready to paint the door a second time.
h- The dog sees the cat. The dog barks.
i- The rain has stopped. The children go to the mountain for a walk.
j- The sun is shining. The birds sing.
5- Rewrite according to the following example

We will not buy a new car, we have no money.
We would buy a car if we had money.
Careful with negations and the logical meaning of the sentences you produce.
a- The children will not go to the swimming pool, they have no swimming suits.
b- My neighbors will not go to the cinema, they are tired.
c- Mrs Wilson will not come tomorrow, she is having the car repaired.
d- Paul's mother will not call him tonight, she knows Paul is not home.
e- The cat will stay home tonight, it is raining like hell.
f- Michael's friend will not visit him next summer, he has no vacation.
g- The car will not start tomorrow, Paul has lost the key of it.
h- The teachers will not teach tomorrow, the students are on strike.
i- The students will not be on strike next week, the minister has satisfied their demands.
j- The plane will not take off this afternoon, the weather is not good.
6- Translate
1- Si je savais l'anglais, j'irais aux USA l'été prochain pour rendre visite à mon ami John.
2- Si ma mère savait nager, elle n'aurait pas peur de l'eau et elle irait à la piscine.
3- Si le président n'avait pas été tué dans l'accident, il n'y aurait pas de nouvelles élections le mois prochain.
4- Les enfants seraient à la plage, si le soleil brillait et s 'il faisait chaud.
5- Si Paul et Marie étaient mariés, ils pourraient vivre ensemble.
7- From the following situations, build sentences in IF with the right verbal forms to express the future or
conditional meaning.
a- You have to blame him for him not to make the same mistake again.
b- He had to ring twice for the porter to wake up.
c- He will not wait, he hasn’t got time.

d- He did not know the answer or else he would have given it.
e- Peter has to give the money back right now for me not to shoot him on the spot.
f- I did not know anybody and I did not join the conversation.
g- The old man will not remember me, he hasn’t got his glasses on.
h- I did not know the film was on, and I could not go and see it.
i- We were obliged to knock three times for that dumb Michael to open the door.
j- By uniting our forces, we can stand up against enemies.
k- The thief does not know the policeman is a former champion. He will go and rob the bank this evening.
l- Good citizens do their duties regularly and they contribute to the welfare of the nation.
m- Neil’s parents have to take the gun from Neil straight away for him not to kill himself in five minutes.
n- By dividing our team we could not resist the attack during the match.
o- I can’t open the door, this is the wrong key.
p- You will not find yourself in trouble and you will not have to phone me.
q- John has to give his drunken father a bottle of whisky now for him not to break something.
r- You did not find yourself in trouble and you did not have to phone me.
s- The plane did not fly high enough and it crashed into the mountain and there were two hundred thirty two
victims.
t- He was not lucky, he did not win.
u- The students had to get everything ready (books, notebooks and pencils) for their parents to accept to
help them doing their homework.
v- Two soldiers were given the same message to carry because the captain was afraid of one of them getting
killed on the way.
w- You haven’t taken a life insurance yet. Your children will be left without any money.
x- We must leave now not to miss the Rossini Overture at the Opera.
y- My grandfather had changed completely in two years when I last met him in 1867. I could not recognize
him.
z- She went to the hairdresser’s and she looked super nice at the party.
ai- They did not succeed, they had not worked hard enough.
bi- Michael Jordan did not break the record. he had not trained enough after his accident.
ci- My brother could not walk as far as the door. He had just had a severe accident in the street.
di- Lizbeth has to remove the brake of the car for the car to move on.
ei- She tried to cook better than useful and the guests enjoyed their meal.
fi- Senator Kennedy did not become President, he did not live long enough.
gi- We had to wait two hours at the station to get those two good seats on the train.
hi- The man could not cross the street. A bus knocked him down in the middle of the pedestrian way.
ii- The man was able to cross the street : he ran super fast when he saw the crazy car rushing toward him.
ji- The pupils did not succeed in their exam. They had only spent two hours learning.
ki- My mother was obliged to borrow her friend’s dress to go to the party.
li- The witness did not recognize the murderer, he had not seen him in any bright light.
mi- The teacher was not at school yesterday. He got the flu and stayed in bed.
ni- Mary has to do her homework now not to regret it later.
oi- The students were very happy. The teacher was not there.
pi- She tried to cook better than usual but she did not succeed and the guests did not enjoy their meal.
qi- They did not collect enough money, they could not offer them a better present.
ri- Father had to promise Tom a present for him to eat his soup.
si- The students were very happy. The film was not lost.
ti- The students are very happy. A new TV has just been bought.
ui- According to the doctor, Bill has to stop drinking as fast as possible not to die in a couple of months.
vi- Many trees were destroyed during the tempest. The wind was very strong and fast.
wi- Customers cannot see what is happening in a restaurant kitchen and they don’t know what they are
served.
xi- In the old days they did not have running water and the people could not wash regularly.
8- What are the situations behind these hypotheses ?

a- -- Who would have known the book was here ? – Jorge, for example, if he overheard us.
b- But if Malachi was looking for the book, he should have recognized it.
c- If I had come in here and had been able to leave with the book, I would not be here now keeping you
company : I would be examining my treasure somewhere else.
d- If the book was there, as Severinus told us it was, either it’s been taken away or it’s there still.
e- If Malachi took the book, he has already replaced it in the library.
f- We would find the book if we knew how to enter the finis Africae.

g- If Benno took the book, he must have assumed that sooner or later I would have the suspicion I did have
and would return to the laboratory and he wouldn’t have acted in such haste.
h- It will be quicker if you go by train.
i- If I had seen the signal, I would have stopped.
j- If I had known he was in London, I would have tried to meet him.
k- I would read if I had more time.
l- You’d be healthier if you took more exercise.
m- I would have enjoyed the visit if it had not rained all the time.
n- If you speak more slowly I will be able to understand you.
o- He would not be so tired if he had not worked overtime.
p- I won’t finish unless I work all night.
q- I would not worry if I were you.
9- Transfer the following sentences into the past.

a- If you eat this cake you’ll be sick.
Yesterday, …
b- If you get up early you’ll see the sunrise.
Last Sunday, …
c- If you are a good pupil your parents will be proud of you
When you were young, …
d- If I catch him doing it again, he will get into trouble.
When I came back last week, …
e- If it is too cold to go out we can always watch television.
If yesterday you thought … . But you did not say anything so I assumed you thought … , so we went to the
beach.
f- If you write to him he will answer your letters.
When he was sick, …
g- If I have to leave my country I’ll settle in Canada.
During the Second World War, …
10- Translate the following sentences, and then transfer them into the past.
a- S’il arrivait en retard, que lui diriez-vous ?
b- Si nous partions à huit heures, seriez-vous prête ?
c- Si vous faisiez cela, serait-elle d’accord ?
d- Si vous commenciez tôt le matin, finiriez-vous à temps ?
e- Si vous preniez le train du matin seriez-vous ici pour midi ?
f- Si tu prenais l’avion de 10 heures 45 serais-tu à Londres dans la soirée ?
11- Rewrite the sentences on the following model :

If I went, it would be against my will
Should I go, it would be against my will.
a- If I asked him he’d come at once.
b- If you accepted the offer, the contract could be signed next week.
c- Should the experiment fail, the project might be abandoned.
d- If you needed help, you could ask me.
e- Should I be mistaken, I’d be astonished.
f- Should the police find out, he’d go to prison.
12- Rewrite the following sentences on the following model :

If he had spoken to me, I would have been surprised.
Had he spoken to me, I would have been surprised.
a- Had she said so, I would have agreed.
b- If they had finished the work on time, they would have had a bonus.
c- If he had made a mistake, he might have been sacked.
d- Had the war broken out, they would have been mobilized at once.
e- Had his temperature risen, we would have called the doctor.
f- If they had chosen another solution, they might have been successful.

a- Qu’auriez-vous dit si l’on vous avait demandé votre avis là-dessus ?
b- Que lui auriez-vous donné s’il vous avait demandé de l’argent ?
c- Qu’auriez-vous compris si l’on vous avait dit cela ?
d- Qu’auriez-vous répondu si vous aviez été dans ma position ?

e- Quelles langues étrangères auriez-vous apprises si vous aviez pu ?
f- Quel type de problèmes auriez-vous abordés si la réunion avait eu lieu ?
14- Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets. Careful : proper tense, proper negation or absence of
negation, etc…
a- Even if he had wanted to, he ……………………………………………… (can do) it.
b- Even if he could have done it, he ……………………………………………… (will do) it
c- Even if we ……………………………………………… (have to talk) about it, we wouldn’t have said
everything.
d- Even if we ……………………………………………… (come) without the children, we couldn’t put up in that
hotel.
e- Even if he hadn’t understood, …………………… he ……………………………… (make) that mistake ?
f- Even if he ……………………………………………… (promise) you, would you have believed him ?
g- Even if I ………………………………………… (come) with my father yesterday, ……………………… you
………………………… (agree) to see us ?
15- Give the underlying situation.

a- If I were you, I would go to school everyday.
b- If only I were in England, I could eat in pubs and drink my favorite beer.
c- If he had been there, he would have told you what to do.
d- If he comes we’ll play tennis together.
e- If he had come yesterday, we could have played tennis all afternoon.
f- If the students spend a few hours studying these rules, they will be able to avoid numerous mistakes.
g- She would go out after dinner, if her mother accepted her to.
16- Rewrite the following sentences according to the model.

The explorers did not go farther on. They had lost their compasses.
The explorers would have gone farther on if they had not lost their compasses.
Had they not lost their compasses, the explorers would have gone farther on.
a- He was not lucky. He did not win.
b- The campers did not make a fire. They had no firewood.
c- Hill did not come in first. He did not feel well on that day.
d-Senator Kennedy did not become President. He was assassinated in 1968.
e- They did not succeed. They had not worked hard enough.
f- Of course they failed. They had not done anything.
g- The witness did not recognize the murderer. He had not seen him long enough.
h- They did not collect enough money. They could not offer him a better present.
i- I did not go and see the film. I did not know it was on.
j- The thief did not stay at home. He did not know the policeman was a former champion.
CORRECTION
1- a- If Paul COMES this afternoon, I will tell him your message.
Si Paul vient cet après-midi je lui transmettrai votre message.
b- Mary WILL MEET your father tomorrow, if she goes to the museum.
Marie rencontrera votre père demain si elle va au musée.
c- If my mother CALLS before nine, I will tell her you want to see her.
Si votre mère appelle avant neuf heures, je lui dirai que vous voulez la voir.
d- The car WILL START if there is petrol in the tank.
La voiture démarrera s’il y a de l’essence dans le réservoir.
e- The children WILL PLAY football this afternoon, if the weather IS fine.
Les enfants joueront au football cet après-midi si le temps est beau.
2- a- If Peter WANTED to go, he would ask his father.

Si Pierre voulait y aller, il demanderait l’autorisation à son père.
b- My mother WOULD CALL her cousin if she wanted to know the name of her daughter.
Ma mère appellerait sa cousine si elle voulait savoir le nom de sa fille.
c- If Your neighbor BOUGHT a car, he would park it in the street.
Si votre voisin achetait une voiture il la stationnerait dans la rue.
d- My boss WOULD BUY a computer, if he were a little bit more modern.
Mon patron achèterait un ordinateur s’il était un peu plus moderne.
d- If the secretary WERE on time in the morning, she WOULD DO her work properly.
Si la secrétaire était à l’heure le matin, elle ferait son travail correctement.

3- a- They would be rather offended if I DIDN’T GO to see them.
Ils seraient plutôt offensés si je n’allais pas les voir.
b- If you took more exercise, you WOULD FEEL better.
Si vous faisiez davantage d’exercice, vous vous sentiriez mieux.
c- If I was offered the job, I think I WOULD TAKE it.
Si on m’offrait l’emploi, je pense que je le prendrais.
d- I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I would be surprised if she REFUSED.
Je suis sûr qu’Amy vous prêtera cet argent. Je serais étonné si elle refusait.
e- If I sold my car, I WOULD NOT GET much money for it.
Si je vendais ma voiture je n’en tirerais pas beaucoup d’argent.
f- A lot of people would be out of work if the factory CLOSED DOWN.
Beaucoup de gens seraient au chômage si l’usine fermait.
g- What would happen if I PRESSED that red button?
Qu’arriverait-il si j’appuyais sur ce bouton rouge ?
h- Liz gave me this ring. She WOULD BE very upset, if I lost it.
Liz m’a donné cette bague. Elle serait très en colère si je la perdais.
i- Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we DIDN’T GO.
Mark et Carol nous attendent. Ils seraient très déçus si nous n’y allions pas.
j- Would Tim mind if I BORROWED his bicycle without asking him?
Tim ferait-il une objection si j’empruntais sa bicyclette sans le lui dire ?
k- If somebody WALKED in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
Si quelqu’un entrait ici avec une arme, je serais très effrayé.
l- I am sure Sue WOULD UNDERSTAND if you explained the situation to her.
Je suis sûr que Sue comprendrais si vous lui expliquiez la situation.
m- If I KNEW his number, I would phone him.
Si je savais son numéro, je l’appellerais.
n- I WOULD NOT BUY that coat if I were you.
Je n’achèterais pas ce manteau si j’étais vous.
o- I WOULD HELP you if I could, but I am afraid I can't.
Je vous aiderais si je pouvez, mais j’ai bien peur de ne pas pouvoir.
p- We would need a car if we LIVED in the country.
Nous aurions besoin d’une voiture si nous vivions à la campagne.
q- If we had the choice, we WOULD LIVE in the country.
Si nous avions le choix nous vivrions à la campagne.
r- This soup isn't very good. It WOULD TASTE better if it wasn't so salty.
Cette soupe n’est pas très bonne. Elle aurait meilleur goût si elle n’était pas aussi salée.
s- I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather WERE better.
Je n’aurais aucune objection à vivre en Angleterre si le temps y était meilleur.
t- If I were you, I WOULD NOT WAIT. I WOULD GO now.
Si j’étais à votre place je n’attendrais pas. Je partirais tout de suite.
u- You're always tired. If you DIDN’T GO to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the time.
Tu es toujours fatigué. Si tu ne te couchais pas si tard tous les soirs, tu ne serais pas tout le temps fatigué.
v- I think there are too many cars. If there WERE NOT so many cars, there WOULD NOT BE so much
pollution.
Je pense qu’il y a trop de voitures. S’il n’y avait pas autant de voitures, il n’y aurait pas autant de pollution.
4- a- Paul will be reading a book if he has his glasses. Paul would be reading a book if he had his glasses.
b- Mary will go to London tomorrow if she has a car. Mary would go to London tomorrow if she had a car.
c- Mrs Wilson will be preparing soup if she has bought vegetables. Mrs Wilson would be preparing soup if
she had bought vegetables.
d-My mother will speak on the phone with Doctor Ramsay in the USA if she has learned English. My mother
would speak on the hone with Doctor Ramsay if she had learned English.
e- The children will go to the swimming pool if they can swim. The children would go to the swimming pool if
they could swim.
f- Paul will serve meat to the cat if it (she) has come back. Paul would serve meat to the cat if it (she) had
come back.
g- Paul will get ready to paint the door a second time if the paint is dry. Paul would get ready to paint the door
a second time if the paint was (were) dry.
h- The dog will bark if it (he) sees the cat. The dog would bark if it (he) saw the cat.
i- The children will go to the mountain for a walk if the rain has stopped. The children would go to the
mountain for a walk if the rain had stopped.
j- The birds will sing if the sun is shining. The birds would sing if the sun was (were) shining.

5- a- The children would go to the swimming pool if they had swimming suits.
b- My neighbors would go to the cinema if they were not tired.
c- Mrs Wilson would come tomorrow if she was (were) having the car repaired.
d- Paul's mother would call Paul tonight if she did not know he is not home.
e- The cat would not stay home tonight if it was (were) not raining like hell.
f- Michael's friend would visit him next summer if he had a vacation.
g- The car would start tomorrow if Paul had not lost the key of it.
h- The teachers would teach tomorrow, if the students were not on strike.
i- The students would not be on strike next week if the Minister had satisfied their demands.
j- The Plane would take off this afternoon if the weather was (were) good.
6- a- If I knew English, I would go to the USA next summer to visit my friend John.
b- If my mother knew how to swim, she would not be afraid of the water and she would go to the swimming
pool.
c- If the President had not been killed in the accident, there would not be new elections next month.
d- The children would be on the beach if the sun was (were) shining and if it was (were) warm.
e- If Paul and Mary were married they could live together.
7- a- If you want him not to make the same mistake again, you will have to blame him.
b- If he hadn’t rung twice the porter would not have woken up.
c- If he had time he would wait.
d- If he had known the answer he would have given it.
e- If Peter does not give the money back right now, I will shoot him on the spot.
f- If I had known somebody, I would have joined the conversation.
g- If the old man had his glasses on, he would remember me.
h- If I had known the film was on, I could have gone and seen it.
i- If we had not knocked three times, that dumb Michael would not have opened the door.
j- If we unite our forces we will be able to stand up against enemies.
k- If the thief knew the policeman was a former champion he would not go and rob the bank this evening.
l- If good citizens didn’t do their duty regularly, they wouldn’t contribute to the welfare of the nation.
m- If they don’t want him to shoot himself in five minutes, Neil’s parents will have to take the gun from him
straight away.
n- If we divided our team, we could not resist the attack during the match.
o- If it weren’t the wrong key, I could open the door.
p- If you find yourself in trouble you will have to phone me.
q- If John does not want his father to break something, he will have to give him a bottle of whisky now.
r- If you had found yourself in trouble, you would have had to phone me.
s- If the plane had flown high enough, it wouldn’t have crashed into the mountain and there wouldn’t have
been 250 victims.
t- If he had been lucky, he would have won.
u- If the students had not got everything ready, their parents would not have accepted to help them doing
their homework.
v- If the captain had not been afraid of one of them getting killed along the way, two soldiers would not have
been given the same message to carry.
w- If you had taken a life insurance, your children would not be left without any money.
x- If you don’t leave now, you will miss the Rossini overture at the Opera.
y- If my grand father had not changed completely when I last met him in 1867, I would have recognized him.
z- If she had not gone to the hairdresser’s, she would not have looked super nice at the party.
ai- If they had worked hard enough they would have succeeded.
bi- If he had trained enough after his accident, Michael Jackson would have broken the record.
ci- If he had not had a severe accident in the street, my brother could have walked as far as the door.
di- If Lizbeth had not removed the brake of the car the car would not have moved on.
ei- If she had not tried to cook better than usual, the guests would not have enjoyed the meal.
fi- If Senator Kennedy had lived long enough he would have become President.
gi- If we hadn’t waited two hours at the station we wouldn’t have got those two good seats on the train.
hi- If a bus had not knocked him down in the middle of the pedestrian way, the man could have crossed the
street.
ii- If the man had not run super fast when he saw the crazy car rushing toward him, he couldn’t have crossed
the street.
ji- If they had not only spent two hours learning, the pupils would have succeeded in their exam.

ki- If my mother had not borrowed her friend’s dress we could not have gone to the party.
li- If he had seen him in some bright light, the witness would have recognized the murderer.
mi- If he had not got the flu and stayed in bed, the teacher would have been at school yesterday.
ni- If Mary doesn’t do her homework now, she will regret it later.
oi- If the teacher had been there, the students would not have been very happy.
pi- If she had succeeded in cooking better than usual, the guest would have enjoyed their meal.
qi- If they had collected enough money, they could have offered him a better present.
ri- If Father had not promised him a present, Tom would not have eaten his soup.
si- If the film had been lost, the students would not have been very happy.
ti- If a new TV had not been bought the students would not be very happy.
ui- If Bill does not stop drinking as fast as possible, he will die in a couple of months according to the doctor.
vi- If the wind had not been very strong and fast, many trees would not have been destroyed during the
tempest.
wi- If customers could see what is happening in a restaurant kitchen, they would know what they are served.
xi- If they had had running water in the old days, people could have washed regularly.
8- a- A book was there and no longer is. So someone must have taken it. To be able to take it that someone
had to know the book was there. Then he must have overheard “us” speaking about it. Jorge was present at
that moment. He may have overheard us. Then he is the one who has taken the book.
b- Malachi was looking for the book. He knew it. He must have recognize it.
c- I am here now keeping you company. I do not have the book since I am not examining it in solitude.
d- Severinus told us the book was there. Either it’s been taken away or it’s there still.
e- Malachi may have taken the book. Then it must be in the library because he must have put it back there.
f- We do not know how to enter the finis Africae. We cannot find the book.
g- Benno acted in great haste because he did not assume I suspected him to have taken the book and I
would return to the laboratory. Then he can’t have taken the book.
h- You intend to go by car. But the train is quicker.
i- I did not stop because I did not see the signal.
j- I did not try to meet him in London because I did not know he was there.
k- I do not read a lot because I do not have enough time.
l- You are not very healthy because you do not take enough exercise.
m- I did not enjoy the visit because it rained all the time.
n- I can’t understand you because you speak too fast.
o- He is very tired because he has worked overtime.
p- In order to finish my work I have to work all night.
q- You worry because you are not me.
9- a- Yesterday, if you had eaten this cake you would have been sick.
b- Last Sunday, if you had gotten up early you would have seen the sunrise.
c- When you were young, if you had been a good pupil your parents would have been proud of you.
d- When I came back last week, if I had caught him doing it again, he would have gotten into trouble.
e- If yesterday you thought it was too cold to go out we could always have watched television. But you did
not say anything so I assumed you thought it was not too cold to go out, so we went to the beach.
f- When he was sick, if you had written to him he would have answered your letters.
g- During the Second World War, if I had had to leave my country I would have settled in Canada.
10- a- If he arrived late, what would you tell him ?

If he had arrived late, what would you have told him ?
b- If we left at eight, would you be ready ?
If we had left at eight, would you have been ready ?
c- If you did that, would she agree ?
If you had done that, would she have agreed ?
d- If you started early in the morning, would you be finished in due time ?
If you had started early in the morning would you have been finished in due time ?
e- If you took the morning train would you be here for midday ?
If you had taken the morning train would you have been here for midday?
f- If you took the 10:45 plane would you be in London in the evening ?
If you had taken the 10:45 plane would you have been in London in the evening ?
11- a- Should I ask him, he’d come at once.

b- Should you accept the offer, the contract could be signed next week.
c- If the experiment failed, the project might be abandoned.
d- Should you need help, you could ask me.

e- If I was mistaken, I’d be astonished.
f- If the police found out, he’d go to prison.
12- a- If she had said so I would have agreed.

b- Had they finished the work on time they would have had a bonus.
c- Had he made a mistake he might have been sacked.
d- If the war had broken out they would have been mobilized at once.
e- If his temperature had risen we would have called the doctor.
f- Had they chosen another solution they might have been successful.
13- a- What would you have said if they had asked you for your opinion ?
b- What would you have given if he had asked you for money ?
c- What would you have understood if you had been told that ?
d- What would you have answered if you had been in my position ?
e- What foreign languages would you have learned if you had been able to ? (… if you had had the
opportunity to ?)
f- What kind of problems would you have spoken about if the meeting had taken place ?
14- a- Even if he had wanted to, he couldn’t have done it.

b- Even if he could have done it, he wouldn’t have done it
c- Even if we had had to talk about it, we wouldn’t have said everything.
d- Even if we hadn’t come without the children, we couldn’t put up in that hotel.
e- Even if he hadn’t understood, would he have made that mistake ?
f- Even if he had promised you, would you have believed him ?
g- Even if I had come with my father yesterday, would you have agreed to see us ?
15- a- I am not you. You do not go to school everyday.

b- I am not in England. I cannot eat in pubs and drink my favorite beer.
c- He was not there. He did not tell you what to do.
d- He is not here. We are not playing tennis.
e- He did not come yesterday. We could not play tennis all afternoon.
f- The students do not spend a few hours studying these rules. They cannot avoid numerous mistakes.
g- She will not go out after dinner. Her mother does not accept her to.
16- a- He would have won if he had been lucky.

b- If they had had some firewood, the campers would have made a fire.
c- If Hill had felt well on that day, he would have come in first.
d-If he had not been assassinated in 1968, Senator Kennedy would have become President.
e- If they had worked hard enough, they would have succeeded..
f- If they had done something, they would not have failed.
g- If he had seen him long enough, the witness would have recognized the murderer.
h- If they had collected more money they could have offered him a better present.
i- If I had known it was on I would have gone and seen the film.
j- If the thief had known the policeman was a former champion, he would have stayed at home.
INDEFINITE DETERMINERS
1- Write a demonstrative adjective before each of the following objects
a- ……………………………… tulips (near me)
b- ……………………………… boot (far away)
c- ……………………………… tables (near me)
d- ……………………………… island (far away)
e- ……………………………… empires (far away)
f- ……………………………… umbrella (far away)
g- ……………………………… radio (far away)
h- ……………………………… stadium (near me)
i- ……………………………… nation (far away)
j- ……………………………… textbooks (near me)
2- Use the correct demonstrative adjective in each gap. THIS THAT THOSE THESE

a- ……………………………… tree on the hill over there is beautiful, but ……………………………… trees in
my garden over here are even more beautiful.
b- ……………………………… musicians playing now are more talented than ………………………………
musicians we heard last week.
c- ……………………………… flower in my hand is more beautiful than ……………………………… roses in
the vase over there.
d- ……………………………… apple you are holding looks shinier than ……………………………… one on
the table.
3- Multiple Choice Questionnaire. Circle the right answer. Careful ! One sentence proposes no correct
answer.
A- ……………………………… I can’t hear that song without crying.
a- to this day b- to that day c- to which day d- to what day
B- ……………………………… contradictions may be no greater than ……………………………… that have
existed in America at other times.
a- these/those b- those/these c- this/that d- these/these
C- ……………………………… car of yours is really comfortable, but ……………………………… car of mine
is even more comfortable.
a- this/that b- these/that c- that/ this d- that/these
D- ……………………………… new shoes of mine are smaller than ……………………………… old shoes of
yours.
a- this/ that b- these/that c- those/this d- this/those
E- Are ……………………………… books here or ……………………………… book there yours ?
a- these/those b- that/this c- these/that d- this/those
F- ……………………………… jeans here look nicer than ……………………………… pair of pants there.
a- these/those b- these/that c- those/these d- this/that
G- He will be here ……………………………… Tuesday.
a- that b- this c- those d- these
H- In ……………………………… days people were submissive, but ……………………………… days people
have become more critical.
a- those/these b- that/this c- these/those d- those/that
I- I don’t like ……………………………… secretary of his : he is impolite and even dirty.
a- these b- those c- this d- that
J- You call ……………………………… painters geniuses ? For me they are nil, naught, zero and no artists.
a- this b- these c- those d- that
4- Fill in the gaps with the right determiners (A, AN, ONE, THE, THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE, ALL). Don’t
forget to put Ø when no determiner is necessary.
MARTIN LUTHER KING in Washington, DC.
« I have ……………… dream that ……………… day ……………… nation will rise up and live out
……………… true meaning of its creed : ‘We hold ……………… truths to be self-evident, that ………………
men are created equal.’
« I have ……………… dream that ……………… day on ……………… red hills of ……………… Georgia,
……………… sons of ……………… former slaves and ……………… sons of ……………… former slave-
owners will be able to sit down together at ……………… table of ……………… brotherhood.
« I have ……………… dream that ……………… day even ……………… state of ……………… Mississippi -
……………… state sweltering with ……………… heat of ……………… injustice, sweltering with
……………… heat of ……………… oppression – will be transformed into ……………… oasis of
……………… freedom and ……………… justice.
« I have ……………… dream, that my four little children will ……………… day live in ……………… nation
where they will not be judged by ……………… color of their skin but by ……………… content of their
character. I have ……………… dream today !
« I have ……………… dream that ……………… day, down in ……………… Alabama – with its vicious
racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with ……………… words of ……………… interposition and
……………… nullification – ……………… day right there in ……………… Alabama, ……………… little black
boys and ……………… little black girls will be able to join ……………… hands with ……………… little white
boys and ……………… little white girls as ……………… sisters and ……………… brothers. I have
……………… dream ……………… today.
« I have ……………… dream that ……………… day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain
shall be made low, ……………… rough places will be made plain and ……………… crooked places will be
made straight, and ……………… glory of ……………… Lord shall be revealed and ……………… flesh shall
see it together. »

5- Fill in the blanks with some or any, and then translate.
a- There isn’t … coffee left.
b- Could you make … coffee?
c- I’d like to buy … food, but I don’t have … money.
d- There’s … whisky in the cupboard but there aren’t … glasses.
e- Have you … idea who could have borrowed my racket?
f- When would you like to play? … day suits me.
g- Are there … letters for me?
h- I’m afraid I have got … bad news for you.
i- If you had … sense, you wouldn’t leave your car unlocked.
j- Will you have … cake or … fruit?
k- Haven’t you got …relatives in London?

a- Presque tous les Américains sont des immigrants ou des descendants d’immigrants.
b- Tous les Américains que je connais ont des noms italiens, allemands, russes ou mexicains.
c- Y a-t-il beaucoup de Français aux USA?
d- Il ne reste plus beaucoup d’Indiens.
e- Mais il y a peu de Japonais.
CORRECTION
1- a- THESE tulips (near me)
b- THAT boot (far away)
c- THESE tables (near me)
d- THOSE island (far away)
e- THOSE empires (far away)
f- THAT umbrella (far away)
g- THAT radio (far away)
h- THIS stadium (near me)
i- THAT nation (far away)
j- THESE textbooks (near me)
2- a- THAT tree on the hill over there is beautiful, but THESE trees in my garden over here are even more
beautiful.
b- THESE musicians playing now are more talented than THOSE musicians we heard last week.
c- THIS flower in my hand is more beautiful than THOSE roses in the vase over there.
d- THIS apple you are holding looks shinier than THAT one on the table.
3- A- ……………………………… I can’t hear that song without crying.

a- to this day b- to that day c- to which day d- to what day
B- ……………………………… contradictions may be no greater than ……………………………… that have
existed in America at other times.
a- these/those b- those/these c- this/that d- these/these
C- ……………………………… car of yours is really comfortable, but ……………………………… car of mine
is even more comfortable.
a- this/that b- these/that c- that/ this d- that/these
D- ……………………………… new shoes of mine are smaller than ……………………………… old shoes of
yours.
NO SOLUTION
E- Are ……………………………… books here or ……………………………… book there yours ?
a- these/those b- that/this c- these/that d- this/those
F- ……………………………… jeans here look nicer than ……………………………… pair of pants there.
a- these/those b- these/that c- those/these d- this/that
G- He will be here ……………………………… Tuesday.
a- that b- this c- those d- these
H- In ……………………………… days people were submissive, but ……………………………… days people
have become more critical.
a- those/these b- that/this c- these/those d- those/that
I- I don’t like ……………………………… secretary of his : he is impolite and even dirty.
a- these b- those c- this d- that

J- You call ……………………………… painters geniuses ? For me they are nil, naught, zero and no artists.
a- this b- these c- those d- that
4- MARTIN LUTHER KING in Washington, DC.

« I have A dream that ONE day THIS nation will rise up and live out THE true meaning of its creed : ‘We hold
THESE truths to be self-evident, that ALL men are created equal.’
« I have A dream that ONE day on THE red hills of Ø Georgia, THE sons of Ø former slaves and THE sons
of Ø former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at THE table of Ø brotherhood.
« I have A dream that ONE day even THE state of Ø Mississippi - A state sweltering with THE heat of Ø
injustice, sweltering with THE heat of Ø oppression – will be transformed into AN oasis of Ø freedom and Ø
justice.
« I have A dream, that my four little children will ONE day live in A nation where they will not be judged by
THE color of their skin but by THE content of their character. I have A dream today !
« I have A dream that ONE day, down in Ø Alabama – with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips
dripping with THE words of Ø interposition and Ø nullification – ONE day right there in Ø Alabama, Ø little
black boys and Ø little black girls will be able to join Ø hands with Ø little white boys and Ø little white girls as
Ø sisters and Ø brothers. I have A dream Ø today.
« I have A dream that ONE day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low,
ALL rough places will be made plain and ALL crooked places will be made straight, and THE glory of THE
Lord shall be revealed and ALL flesh shall see it together. »
5- a- There isn’t ANY coffee left.

b- Could you make SOME coffee?
c- I’d like to buy SOME food, but I don’t have ANY money.
d- There’s SOME whisky in the cupboard but there aren’t ANY glasses.
e- Have you ANY idea who could have borrowed my racket?
f- When would you like to play? ANY day suits me.
g- Are there ANY/SOME letters for me?
h- I’m afraid I have got SOME bad news for you.
i- If you had ANY sense, you wouldn’t leave your car unlocked.
j- Will you have SOME cake or SOME fruit?
k- Haven’t you got ANY relatives in London?
6- a- Nearly all Americans are immigrants or descendants of immigrants.

b- All the Americans I know have Italian, German, Russian or Mexican names.
c- Are there many French people in the USA (in USA)?
d- There are not many Indians left.
e- But there are few Japanese.
INDIRECT SPEECH
1- Turn into indirect speech by starting the following sentences with : “Paul told me yesterday”
a- She cannot lift he suitcase.
b- You will look the other way when Peter comes in.
c- Tom must be racist, he cannot talk to my black friends.
d- It may be terribly difficult.
e- Violence must be inevitable.
f- It may sound strange but it is true.
g- He cannot understand, it is too complicated.
h- It must weigh heavily on his conscience.
i- She will turn up later.
j- You must be able to know he is a magician.
2- Turn into indirect speech by starting the following sentences with : “Paul told me yesterday”
a- You may live so dangerously at times
b- She must have borrowed the cassette.
c- They can create new plays all the time.
d- You must focus everything on her.
e- He should not mingle with the crowd, it is too dangerous.

f- Paul must obey the law.
g- It must be very pleasant.
h- Mary can cook well.
i- We can’t afford a new washing machine every month.
j- They can’t sell their animals themselves.
3- Put these sentences into indirect speech.

a- “I’m sorry” she said.
b- “I’ve read that book before” he said.
c- “Where are you going?” she asked him.
d- “Do you like ice-cream,” he asked her.
e- “When did you arrive?” she asked him.
f- “I’ll write that letter before tea” he said.
g- “I went to the cinema last night” she said.
h- “What time is it?” she asked him.
i- “Do you think it’s going to rain?” he asked her.
j- “Don’t believe he is right” she said.
4- Turn into indirect speech.

a- “What do you want to buy champagne for?” she asked him.
b- “Why didn’t you book yesterday?” he asked her.
c- “Does everyone like raw fish?” she wondered.
d- “Take your brother with you!” my parents told me.
e- “Shall I buy you that book?” she asked me.
CORRECTION
1- a- Paul told me yesterday that she could not lift her suitcase.
b- Paul told me yesterday that you would look the other way when Peter came in.
c- Paul told me yesterday that Tom had to be racist, that he could not talk to my black friends.
d- Paul told me yesterday that it might be terribly difficult.
e- Paul told me yesterday that violence had to be inevitable.
f- Paul told me yesterday that it might sound strange, but it was true.
g- Paul told me yesterday that he could not understand, that it was too difficult.
h- Paul told me yesterday that it had to (must) weigh heavily on his conscience.
i- Paul told me yesterday that she would turn up later.
j- Paul told me yesterday that you had to be able to know he was a magician.
2- a- Paul told us yesterday that you might live so dangerously at times.

b- Paul told us yesterday that she must have borrowed the cassette.
c- Paul told us yesterday that they could create new plays all the time.
d- Paul told us yesterday that you had to focus everything on us.
e- Paul told us yesterday that he should not mingle with the crowd, it was too dangerous.
f- Paul told us yesterday that he had to obey the law.
g- Paul told us yesterday that it must (had to) be very pleasant.
h- Paul told us yesterday that Mary could cook well.
i- Paul told us yesterday that we couldn’t afford a new washing machine every month.
j- Paul told us yesterday that they couldn’t sell their animals themselves ( they were not able to sell …)
3- a- She said she was sorry.

b- He said he had read that book before.
c- She asked him where he was going.
d- He asked her if she liked ice-cream.
e- She asked him when he arrived.
f- He said he would write this letter before tea.
g- She said she had gone to the cinema the night before.
h- She asked him what time it was.
i- He asked her if she thought it was going to rain.
j- She said I should not believe he was right
She said I should not believe he is right.
4- a- She asked him what he wanted to buy champagne for.

b- He asked her why she didn’t book the day before.

c- She wondered if everyone liked raw fish.
d- My parents told me to take my brother with me/ my parents told me that I had to take my brother with me.
e- She asked me if I wanted her to buy me that book.
INFINITIVE CLAUSES
V + TO V
a- The students study hard in the winter. (would like)
b- Every family uses the telephone more and more. (want)
c- This communication network links up all the major cities of the country. (have to)
d- The telephone company increases the price of the basic telephone call. ( intend)
e- What does Channel 4 show tonight after the news? (want)
f- The general convention of TV users takes place next Monday in Washington DC. (ought)
g- The general manager of the station receives the representatives of the staff tomorrow afternoon. (not
want)
h- I mention this problem tomorrow at the board meeting. (be to)
i- The producer does not help the director. (want and intend)
j- The actor refuses to perform this scene. (have to and be to)
k- Tom sends this letter in a week or two. (would like)
l- My little sister watch television all day tomorrow. (have to)
m- My uncle will visit us tomorrow afternoon. (not want)
n- Their aunt takes us to the station after dinner. (have to)
o- Where do you travel next month? (have to and be to)
p- The old man arrives at exactly two minutes past twelve today. (intend)
q- My sister’s car comes out of the garage in ten minutes. (ought)
r- This little idiot speaks to his father tomorrow. (want)
s- John doesn’t listen to the radio every morning (intend and want)
t- Mary refuses to eat chocolates. (have to)
u- I buy this book in a month. (would like)
v- My grandmother dances all night tomorrow. (have to)
w- My cousins visit us next month for two days. (be to)
x- They drive us to the cinema tonight. (have to and be to)
y- Why do you travel to Belgium next week? (intend)
z- The train pulls out at 12:07. (ought)
ai- My dog goes out in a couple of minutes. (want)
bi- This idiot reveals our project to the teacher in an hour. (intend and want)
ci- John doesn’t watch television every night. (have to)
di- July refuses to answer the telephone. (not want)
ei- They go to Paris next week. (would like)
fi- My brother flies to China tomorrow. (be to)
gi- The President spends a month in Germany next year. (want)
hi- She takes me to the doctor’s tomorrow morning. (intend)
ii- Where do you go next Monday? (have to)
ji- The boats sail away on Saturday. (want)
ki- My brother goes to school in a couple of weeks. (ought)
li- We tell the manager tonight. (not want)
mi- John doesn’t listen to the radio. (intend and want)
ni- Mary accepts to study German. (have to and be to)
oi- We spend next week with them. (would like)
pi- They leave for the States today. (want)
qi- The Prime Minister goes to Germany next month. (have to)
ri- I take her to the dentist’s next week. (intend)
si- What do you do one Tuesday? (want)
ti- The competitors sail away on Monday. (ought)
ui- Peter sits for an exam in a few days’ time. (not want)
vi- I mention the problem at tomorrow’s meeting. (be to)
wi- Paul doesn’t help his sister. (want and intend)
xi- Peter refuses to go to France. (have to and be to)

a- Pour que Paul aille à Paris, il lui faut un billet.
b- Il a arrêté de fumer pour pouvoir chanter.
c- Pour dormir le soir j’écoute de la musique.
d- J’ai acheté un livre pour que Paul lise dans le train.
e- Les enfants sont dans le jardin pour jouer avec le chien.
f- Pour que Jane rencontre Tarzan, elle doit aller à Hollywood.
g- Elle a arrêté de boire du whisky pour boire du vin.
h- Pour me réveiller le matin mon frère écoute la radio.
i- Elle a acheté un journal pour que sa sœur puisse lire dans l’avion.
j- Le chien est dans la chambre pour jouer avec les enfants.
k- Pour que mon frère étudie l’anglais, il doit avoir une cassette.
l- Nous avons arrêté de lire des journaux pour lire des livres.
m- Pour s’endormir le soir, ma mère me téléphone.
n- Nous avons acheté du pain pour que notre père puisse manger ce week-end.
o- Le grand père est dans la voiture pour aller à la gare.
p- Pour que ton père écoute la radio, il doit acheter un poste.
q- Vous avez arrêté de fumer des cigarettes pour fumer des cigares.
r- Pour se réveiller le matin ma mère utilise un réveil.
s- Vous avez acheté de l’eau pour que votre mère puisse faire du thé.
t- La grand-mère est dans le jardin pour écouter les oiseaux.
u- Pour recevoir la télévision câblée il faut avoir été connecté.
v- Il a arrêté la radio pour pouvoir répondre au téléphone.
w- Pour m’endormir le soir sans difficulté, j’écoute de la musique en stéréo.
x- J’ai acheté un magnétoscope pour que Paul puisse enregistrer ses programmes préférés.
y- Pierre est dans le studio pour préparer les informations de midi.
3- Build a sentence containing an infinitive clause.

a- He learned it. He swims two miles.
b- We have already decided it. We help our neighbors.
c- He had failed. He warned his brother about the accident.
d- I mean it. I will vote for the Democrats.
e- He has sworn it. He will put off the date of the appointment.
f- The teacher did not suffer it. No boy must disturb the lesson.
g- The captain did not allow it. No men went on leave.
h- The inspector requested it. The customers had to stay within the shop.
i- Mr Bates wishes it. His daughter must tell him where she is going with her boy-friend.
j- I could only advise it. They should work a little harder.

a- Pour aller au théâtre le garçon prit sa bicyclette.
b- Pour que mon frère puisse écouter de la musique, son père lui a acheté une radio.
c- Pour que les enfants jouent au football, il faudrait avoir un terrain.
d- L’homme ne voulait pas traverser sans regarder à droite ou à gauche.
e- Le chauffeur désirait conduire lentement.
f- Pour travailler bien il faut le silence.
g- Il ordonna à son frère de lire le journal.
h- Encore un jour et il pouvait partir.
i- Il voulait que je doive écrire une lettre à mon père.
j- Que voulez-vous qu’il fasse ? Qu’il se taise !
CORRECTION
1- a- The students would like to study hard in the winter.
b- Every family wants to use the telephone more and more.
c- This communication network has to link up all the major cities of the country.
d- The telephone company intends to increase the price of the basic telephone call.
e- What does Channel 4 want to show tonight after the news?
f- The general convention of TV users ought to take place next Monday in Washington DC.
g- The general manager of the station does not want to receive the representatives of his staff tomorrow
afternoon.
h- I am to mention this problem tomorrow at the board meeting.
i- The producer does not want or intend not to help/does not want or intend to help the director.

j- The actor has (to) and is to perform this scene.
k- Tom would like to send this letter in a week or two.
l- My little sister has to watch television all day tomorrow.
m- My uncle will not want to visit us tomorrow afternoon.
n- Their aunt has to take us to the station after dinner.
o- Where do you have to and are you to travel next month?
p- The old man intends to arrive at exactly two minutes past twelve.
q- My sister’s car ought to come out of the garage in ten minutes.
r- This little idiot wants to speak to his father tomorrow.
s- John doesn’t intend and doesn’t want to listen to the radio every morning.
t- Mary has to refuse to eat chocolates.
u- I would like to buy this book in a month.
v- My grandmother has to dance all night tomorrow.
w- My cousins are to visit us next month for two days.
x- They have to and they are to drive us to the cinema tonight.
y- Why do you intend to travel to Belgium next week?
z- The train ought to pull out at 12:07.
ai- My dog wants to go out in a couple of minutes.
bi- This idiot intends and wants to reveal our project to the teacher in an hour.
ci- John doesn’t have to watch television every night.
di- July doesn’t want to refuse to answer the telephone.
ei- They would like to go to Paris next week.
fi- My brother is to fly to China tomorrow.
gi- The President wants to spend a month in Germany next year.
hi- She intends to take me to the doctor tomorrow morning.
ii- Where do you have to go next Monday?
ji- The boats want to sail away on Saturday.
ki- My brother ought to go to school in a couple of weeks.
li- We do not want to tell the manager tonight.
mi- John doesn’t intend and doesn’t want to listen to the radio.
ni- Mary has to and is to accept to study German.
oi- We would like to spend next week with them.
pi- They want to leave for the States today.
qi- The Prime Minister has to go to Germany next month.
ri- I intend to take her to the dentist’s next week.
si- What do you want to do on Tuesday?
ti- The competitors ought to sail on Monday.
ui- Peter doesn’t want to sit for an exam in a few days’ time.
vi- I am to mention the problem at tomorrow’s meeting.
wi- Paul doesn’t want and doesn’t intend to help his sister.
xi- Peter has to and is to refuse to go to France.
2- a- For Peter to go to Paris he must have a ticket.

b- He stopped smoking to be able to sing.
c- To sleep at night I listen to music.
d- I bought a book for Paul to read on the train.
e- The children are in the garden to play with the dog.
f- For Jane to meet Tarzan she must go to Hollywood.
g- She stopped drinking whisky to drink wine.
h- To wake me up in the morning my brother listens to the radio.
i- She bought a newspaper for her sister to be able to read on the plane.
j- The dog is in the bedroom to play with the children.
k- For my brother to study English he must have a cassette.
l- We stopped reading newspapers to read books.
m- To go to sleep at night, my mother calls me on the telephone.
n- We bought some bread for our father to be able to eat this week-end.
o- The grandfather is in the car to go to the station.
p- For your father to listen to the radio he must buy a set.
q- You stopped smoking cigarettes to smoke cigars.
r- To wake up in the morning my mother uses an alarm-clock.
s- You bought water for your mother to be able to make some tea.
t- The grandmother is in the garden to listen to the birds.
u- To get cable TV you must be connected.

v- He stopped the radio to be able to answer the telephone.
w- To go to sleep at night easily I listen to stereo music.
x- I bought/have bought a VCR for Paul to be able to record his favorite programs.
y- Peter is in the studio to prepare the midday news.
3- a- He learned how to swim two miles.

b- We have already decided to help our neighbors.
c- He had failed to warn his brother about the accident.
d- I mean to vote for the Democrats.
e- He has sworn to put off the date of the appointment.
f- The teacher did not suffer any boy to disturb the lesson.
g- The captain did not allow any man to go on leave.
h- The inspector requested the customers to stay within the shop.
i- Mr Bates wishes his daughter to tell him where she is going with her boy-friend.
j- I could only advise them to work a little harder.
4- a- To go to the theater the boy took his bicycle.

b- For my brother to be able to listen to music, my father bought him a radio.
c- For the kids to play football we should have a football field.
d- The man did not want to cross (the street) without looking right and left.
e- The driver wished to drive slowly.
f- To work properly we need silence.
g- He ordered his brother to read the newspaper.
h- One more day and he could go.
i- He wanted me to have to write a letter to my father.
j- What do you want him to do ? To keep silent !
INTERROGATIVE FORM
1- Turn the following sentences into the interrogative form
a- There are a couple of books on the table.
b- The children drank up their milk.
c- The three dogs accept to go out.
d- Paul is hearing things
e- My sister Mary works at the supermarket.
f- John was talking with his neighbors.
g- I cannot be sure of this.
h- Lizbeth may go to the cinema tonight.
i- They will all look very carefully.
j- I must tell you what I think.
2- Turn the following sentences into the interrogative form

a- There were once three men on a desert island.
b- They ate up all their food.
c- The three men agree on this solution.
d- You are hearing things.
e- Your grandson John works at the mine.
f- John was working with his friends.
g- I cannot guarantee this.
h- Daphne may be ill.
i- You will all listen attentively.
j- I must ask you not to address me.
3- Turn into the interrogative form.

a- They sang God Save The Queen
b- The children had a nice time.
c- She thought he was a fool.
d- You were late this morning.
e- They did their work on Saturday.

4- Turn into the interrogative and then interro-negative forms.
a- The parrot said a few words.
b- The Jones had just bought it.
c- The joke will make everyone laugh.
d- I have already heard it hundreds of times.
e- Fred owes his tailor money
f- Peter had a car last year.
g- Mary had to go to Paris last week.
5- Rewrite in the interrogative form.

a- You made a mistake.
b- You had breakfast at ten.
c- I felt sorry for him.
d- She met him at the station.
e- He spent his holiday in Greece.
CORRECTIONS
1- a- Are there a couple of books on the table?
b- Did the children drink up their milk?
c- Do the three dogs accept to go out?
d- Is Paul hearing things?
e- Does my sister Mary work at the supermarket?
f- Was John talking with his neighbors?
g- Can I be sure of this?
h- May Lizbeth go to the cinema tonight?
i- Will they all look very carefully?
j- Must I tell you what I think?
2- a- Were there once three men on a desert island?

b- Did they eat up all their food?
c- Do the three men agree on this solution?
d- Are you hearing things?
e- Does your grandson John work at the mine?
f- Was John working with his friends?
g- Can I guarantee this?
h- May Daphne be ill?
i- Will you all listen attentively?
j- Must I ask you not to address me.
3- a- Did they sing God Save The Queen?

b- Did the children have a nice time?
c- Did she think she was a fool?
d- Were you late this morning?
e- Did they do their work on Saturday?
4- a- Did the parrot say a few words?

Didn’t the parrot say a few words?
b- Had the Jones just bought it?
Hadn’t the Jones just bought it?
c- Will the joke make everyone laugh?
Won’t the joke make everyone laugh?
d- Have I already heard it hundreds of times?
Haven’t I already heard it hundreds of times?
e- Does Fred owe his tailor money?
Doesn’t Fred owe his tailor money?
f- Did Peter have a car last year?
Didn’t Peter have a car last year?
g- Did Mary have to go to Paris last week?
Didn’t Mary have to go to Paris last week?
5- a- Did you make a mistake?

b- Did you have breakfast at ten?
c- Did I feel sorry for him?
d- Did she meet him at the station?
e- Did he spend his holiday in Greece?
INTERRO-NEGATIVE FORM
1- Turn the following sentences into the interro-negative form
a- There are a couple of books on the table.
b- The children drank up their milk.
c- The three dogs accept to go out.
d- Paul is hearing things
e- My sister Mary works at the supermarket.
f- John was talking with his neighbors.
g- I cannot be sure of this.
h- Lizbeth may go to the cinema tonight.
i- They will all look very carefully.
j- I must tell you what I think.
2- Turn the following sentences into the interro-negative form

a- There were once three men on a desert island.
b- They ate up all their food.
c- The three men agree on this solution.
d- You are hearing things.
e- Your grandson John works at the mine.
f- John was working with his friends.
g- I cannot guarantee this.
h- Daphne may be ill.
i- You will all listen attentively.
j- I must ask you not to address me.
3- Turn into the interro-negative form and give the question tag of the original sentence.
a- Paul wanted to go yesterday.
b- Mary will look for a book tomorrow.
c- John does not like reading newspapers.
d- Tom sleeps late on Sundays.
e- Jerry would help you if he could.
f- Jim decided to go yesterday.
g- Jack will read this book tomorrow.
h- David and Mary do not like swimming in the river.
i- Ernie drinks whisky every night.
j- Carl would go to school if he could write.
k- Tim desired to watch a film yesterday.
l- Sam will write a letter tomorrow.
m- Walter and Lizbeth do not like jumping into the water.
n- Charlie watches TV every morning.
o- Carol would take the book if it was hers.
p- Jimmy wished to go to Paris last week.
q- Timothy will buy a car next week.
r- Philip does not like swimming at night.
s- Charlie listens to the radio in the morning.
t- Mardell would sell the flowers if she had time.
u- Paul wanted to go yesterday.
v- Will Mary look for a book tomorrow?
w- John does not like reading newspapers.
x- Tom sleeps late on Sundays, but he goes to bed late on Saturdays.
y- Jerry would try to help you if he could.

CORRECTION
1- a- Aren’t there a couple of books on the table?
b- Didn’t the children drink up their milk?
c- Don’t the three dogs accept to go out?
d- Isn’t Paul hearing things?
e- Doesn’t my sister Mary work at the supermarket?
f- Wasn’t John talking with his neighbors?
g- Can’t I be sure of this?
h- Mayn’t Lizbeth go to the cinema tonight?
i- Won’t they all look very carefully?
j- Mustn’t I tell you what I think?
2- a- Weren’t there once three men on a desert island?

b- Didn’t they eat up all their food?
c- Don’t the three men agree on this solution?
d- Aren’t you hearing things?
e- Doesn’t your grandson John work at the mine?
f- Wasn’t John working with his friends?
g- Can’t I guarantee this?
h- Mayn’t Daphne be ill?
i- Won’t you all listen attentively?
j- Mustn’t I ask you not to address me?
3- a- Didn’t Paul want to go yesterday?

…, didn’t he?
b- Won’t Mary look for a book tomorrow?
…, won’t she?
c- Doesn’t John like reading newspapers?
…, does he?
d- Doesn’t Tom sleep late on Sundays?
…, doesn’t he?
e- Wouldn’t Jerry help you if he could?
…, wouldn’t he?
f- Didn’t Jim decide to go yesterday?
…, didn’t he?
g- Won’t Jack read this book tomorrow.
…, won’t he?
h- Don’t David and Mary like swimming in the river?
…, do they?
i- Doesn’t Ernie drink whisky every night?
…, doesn’t he?
j- Wouldn’t Carl go to school if he could write?
…, wouldn’t he?
k- Didn’t Tim desire to watch a film yesterday?
…, didn’t he?
l- Won’t Sam write a letter tomorrow?
…, won’t he (or she)?
m- Don’t Walter and Lizbeth like jumping into the water?
…, do they?
n- Doesn’t Charlie watch TV every morning?
…, doesn’t he?
o- Wouldn’t Carol take the book, if it was hers?
…, wouldn’t she?
p- Didn’t Jimmy wish to go to Paris last week?
…, didn’t he?
q- Won’t Timothy buy a car next week?
…, won’t he?
r- Doesn’t Philip like swimming at night?
…, does he?
s- Doesn’t Charlie listen to the radio in the morning?
…, doesn’t he?
t- Wouldn’t Mardell sell the flowers if she had time?
…, wouldn’t she?

u- Didn’t Paul want to go yesterday?
…, didn’t he?
v- Won’t Mary look for a book tomorrow?
…, won’t she?
w- Doesn’t John like reading newspapers?
…, does he?
x- Doesn’t Tom sleep late on Sundays, but doesn’t he go to bed late on Saturdays?
…, doesn’t he?
y- Wouldn’t Jerry try to help you if he could?
…, wouldn’t he?
MODALS
1- Integrate the modal into the sentence.
a- She tried to remember. (can)
b- It will be foggy in the evening. (must)
c- You would vote for him (must), if you could.
d- She has been dead for years. (must)
e- They were not serious. (can)
f- She hasn’t begun to think yet. (must)
g- There was another crisis last year. (may)
h- He is not as rich as that. (can and must)
i- She accepts the part tonight. (may)
j- She has always controlled everything. (can)
2- Integrate the modal into the sentence.

a- Did I express a general opinion? (can)
b- She would begin to think (must) if she was careful.
c- Nobody has guaranteed that. (may)
d- She hopes to bring everybody up to that. (must)
e- They will remain indifferent to the problem. (must)
f- He was serious when he decided to. (may)
g- They came and joined us yesterday night. (can)
h- At school we used to keep silent during the lessons. (must)
i- Travel agents will smile all the time. (may)
j- He goes to school on Wednesdays. (must)
3- Fill in the gaps with CAN CAN’T COULD COULDN’T and one of the following verbs :
come eat hear run sleep wait
a- I am afraid I ……………………………… to your party next week.
b- When Tim was sixteen, he was a fast runner. He ……………………………… 100 meters in 11 seconds.
c- « Are you in a hurry ? » « No I’ve got plenty of time. I ……………………………… . »
d- I was feeling sick yesterday. I ……………………………… anything.
e- Can you speak up a bit ? I ……………………………… you very well.
f- « You look tired. » « Yes, I ……………………………… last night. »
4- Fill in the gaps with the proper negative or positive modals in the proper tenses (CAN MAY MUST WILL
SHOULD WOULD …).
a- Look, Mr Roberts. I’m not giving you any orders. Just take my advice, that’s all I’m saying. You
……………………………… smoke as much as you do ! It ……………………………… have serious
consequences for you if you don’t stop.
b- If you want to succeed and pass your exams there’s only one solution. You ………………………………
revise ! After a few weeks’ revision you ………………………………pass your exams ! I’m certain !
c- I don’t know where he ……………………………… be. He ……………………………… have left home
already. There’s nobody there, I’ve just phoned him. He ……………………………… be here by now !
d- You ……………………………… let the children play so close to the fire, Dan ! You
……………………………… be more careful in the future. They ……………………………… have an accident
– you never know.

e- We ……………………………… go to the cinema, or what about the museum ? At any rate we
……………………………… go to the beach. It ……………………………… be sunny, but it’s far too cold
today.
f- He ……………………………… be French. He looks so typically French, don’t you think ? Although, well, I
suppose he ……………………………… be Italian, ……………………………… he ?
g- Look ! If we go down to Keith and Sue’s it ……………………………… surely rain. It always does when we
go to their house. We ……………………………… ask them to come up to London. What do you think ?
h- Where ……………………………… we meet ? Where’s the best place ? I ……………………………… meet
you in the center of town. I don’t know it very well. I ……………………………… get lost.
i- Oh ! ……………………………… you be quiet ! I’ve had enough of your noise ! You
……………………………… be more considerate, you know.
j- The rain ……………………………… stop before this afternoon. Look ! The sun is coming out already.
Maybe we ……………………………… start getting ready to go out. What do you think ?
k- You ……………………………… get something through the post for your birthday, Pete. You
……………………………… open it, though, before your birthday ! Promise me you
……………………………… !
l- I ……………………………… love to come out with you all night, but I really ……………………………… . I
……………………………… finish this project for tomorrow morning and I’m already behind.
5- Use CAN or BE ABLE TO in the right tense. (Note : CAN has no infinitive, no past participle, no present
participle : BE ABLE TO is used when these forms are needed. When there is the possibility of a choice
between CAN et BE ABLE TO, we must keep in mind that CAN only expresses the capability of the subject
to do something, whereas BE ABLE TO tends to express a capability that was realized, hence an action that
has really taken place.).
a- George has travelled a lot. He ……………. speak four languages.
b- My uncle had travelled a lot when he was young. He died unluckily last year. He ……………. speak four
languages.
c- I haven’t ……………. sleep very well recently.
d- Sandra ……………. drive but she hasn’t got a car.
e- My dead mother ……………. drive but she was afraid of the traffic, so she never drove.
f- I can’t understand Martin. I’ve never ……………. understand him.
g- I used to ……………. stand on my head, but I ……………. (+not) any more.
h- I ……………. (+not) see you on Friday but I will ……………. meet you on Saturday morning.
i- Ask Catherine about your problem. She must ……………. help you.
j- My dog ……………. to jump over the gate in the past. But now he is too old to ……………. do it.
6- Rewrite the following sentences starting with « last year ».

a- My uncle can run three miles in about twenty minutes.
b- Our teacher can grade about one hundred papers a day.
c- The dog could jump over the gate if it was not tied up to the tree.
d- It may rain on Lulu’s birthday.
e- If the children were polite, the baker might give them a pastry.
7- Translate the original sentences of the previous exercise and then the sentences you produced.
8- Finish the sentences with possible actions. Careful to the reference to the past or to the present.
a- If yesterday it had snowed, I could ……………………………….. yesterday afternoon
b- If last year my father had bought a car, we might ……………………………….. during the summer.
c- If my father bought me a computer tomorrow, I could ……………………………….. every night.
d- If trains were always on time, students could ……………………………….. at school every morning.
e- If teachers had not decided to work last week, we may ……………………………….. at home then.
9- Rewrite the following sentences with the modal MAY to express a probability, either in the present or in the
past according to the sentence.
a- George will be late for dinner.
b- I made a mistake.
c- Our friends are waiting for us.
d- We will go to Cornwall in July.
e- He didn’t see the traffic light was red.
f- It won’t rain tomorrow.
g- You don’t agree with me.
h- They came when we were out.
i- They are having tea.

j- John has read this book before.
10- Check the right answer.

a- She was surprised to find that he ……… remember her name at once
€ could not € cannot € is not able to € might have
b- The swimmer was exhausted but he ……. reach the other bank of the river before he collapsed.
€ might € couldn’t € could € wasn’t able to
c- The swimmer was in very good form, but he …… reach the other bank of the river and he drowned in the
middle.
€ might € couldn’t € could € was able to
d- Last night I …. late, because I had slept all afternoon.
€might sit up € couldn’t sit up € may have sitting up € was able to sit up
e- When I was younger, I …. come home late, because my parents were strict on me going to bed early.
€ could not € may not € cannot € could
f- I …. drive 500 miles yesterday though the weather was very bad.
€ could not € could € may not € might not
g- The car crashed but he …. get to safety before it caught fire.
€ could have € may have € could not € could
h- After that I don’t know what happened. He ….
€ may go out € may have gone out € can go out € might go out
i- If you had been richer, you …. the car
€ could buy € may have buying € might have buy € could have bought
j- He … climb the wall and he escaped.
€ will be able to € could € can €was able
11- Multiple Choice Questionnaire. Check the right answer. The right answer is only one full line for each part
of the text.
a- Paul (1) …. read last year. He was only five but he was advanced. He (2) …. write yet though because he
had had a bad accident and his right hand was paralyzed and his left hand was broken for at least two
months. He learned how to write the following year and he (3) ….. do it in two months. Then he moved to the
piano and six months later he (4) …… to play some complex little pieces.
€ could may not will wanted to
€ could not could not was not able was not able to
€ could could not was able to was able
€ may may not might was able to
b- His father was very proud and saying all the time : « He (5) … play the piano as well as Mozart. » But
when he asked his mother if he (6) …. play the violin, she refused. She was afraid that Paul (7) …. mix the
piano and the violin up. Now he does not know the violin and he does not even like the violin.
€ could not might have can
€ can could could
€ is able could have could to
€ might had to could be can have
c- If he (8) …. learned it, he (9) …. like it now. But We (10) …. imagine this and that. Anything (11) ….
happened or (12) …. happened, because Paul was very young.
€ might might have can always be may may not
€ could have may not can always be may had may not be
€ could have might can always may have may not have
€ might might can always be may had may not have
€could have may not can always have may be may have been
12- Fill in the gaps with MUST or CAN’T

a- You’ve been travelling all day. You ……………………………… be very tired.
b- That restaurant ……………………………… be very good. It’s always full of people.
c- The restaurant ……………………………… be very good. It’s always empty.
d- You’re going on holiday next week. You ……………………………… be looking forward to it.
e- It rained every day during their holiday, so they ……………………………… have had a very nice time.
f- Congratulations on passing your exam. You ……………………………… be very pleased.
g- You got here very quickly. You ……………………………… have walked very fast.
h- Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they ……………………………… have a lot of money, they
……………………………… be poor.

13- Build the answers from the words provided to you and using MAY. Careful to the time reference.
a- I can’t find George anywhere. I wonder where he is.
(he / go / shopping)
b- I’m looking for Helen. Do you know where she is.
(she / go / out / to the cinema)
c- I can’t find my umbrella. Have you seen it ?
(it / be / in the car)
(you / leave / in the restaurant last night)
d- Why didn’t Tom answer the door bell ? I’m sure he was in the house at the time.
(he / be / in the bath)
(he / not / hear / the bell)

a- Vous devriez vous lever plus tôt.
b- Vous devriez manger davantage de fruits.
c- Ils devraient être là maintenant.
d- Vous ne devriez pas vous moquer d’eux.
e- Vous auriez du conduire plus lentement.
f- Vous n’auriez pas du sortir, il fait trop froid.
g- Les lettres auraient du être postées hier.
h- Je suis désolé, je n’ai pas pu venir plus tôt : il y avait trop de brouillard.
i- Je ne peux pas dormir parce qu’il y a trop de bruit.
j- S’il cessait de neiger vous pourriez sortir.
k- Quand j’étais plus jeune je pouvais grimper à n’importe quel arbre.
l- Puis-je utiliser votre téléphone ?
m- Pourrais-je parler à Monsieur Smith, s’il vous plaît.
n- Pourrais-je vous demander quelque chose si vous n’êtes pas trop occupé ?
o- Il quitta ses souliers afin que personne ne puisse l’entendre.
p- Nous n’aurions pas pu trouver un meilleur hôtel.
q- Elle aurait pu mourir si elle n’avait été transportée d’urgence à l’hôpital.
r- Vous auriez pu fermer les fenêtres.
s- J’aimerais pouvoir rester ici.
t- Un jour on pourra aller en vacances sur la lune.
u- Pensez-vous qu’elle pourra bientôt retravailler ?
v- Elle ne pourra pas retourner à l’école avant le mois prochain.
w- Le bateau s’est retourné tout près de la rive, aussi les enfants ont pu l’atteindre à la nage.
x- Il était tellement ivre qu’il n’a pas pu rentrer chez lui en voiture.
y- Il se peut que Pierre téléphone. S’il le fait dites-lui d’appeler plus tard.
z- Nous ferions mieux d’être en avance, il se pourrait qu’il y ait beaucoup de monde.
ai- Nous aurions pu arriver plus tôt si nous n’avions pas été retardés par le brouillard.
bi- les enfants doivent obéir à leurs parents.
ci- Il faut que je prenne ce médicament deux fois par jour.
di- Les visiteurs ne doivent pas donner à manger aux animaux.
ei- Dois-je ouvrir toutes les fenêtres ?
fi- Vous avez du avoir une peur terrible quand votre voiture s’est écrasée contre l’arbre.
gi- Ils ont du être retardés par le brouillard.
hi- Il a été renversé par une voiture. Il a du traverser la rue sans regarder.
ii- A quelle heure devez-vous vous lever pour prendre votre train ?
15- Transformez les énoncés suivants en utilisant des modaux

a- Perhaps they are on holiday.
b- Perhaps it broke down yesterday.
c- Perhaps she won’t get this message in time.
d- I’m sure you’re tired.
e- I’m sure he’s already done it.
f- I’m sure he hasn’t arrived yet.
16- Complétez les énoncés suivants

a- I’ve just finished the first exercise. What ........................ I do now ?
b- Anyone .................. use a mouse.
c- You ........................ write this program in any language you choose.
d- I told you yesterday that you ................................... use this new printer.
e- You ............................. program the function keys according to your needs.

f- It ......................... be a bit more expensive but it’s faster.
g- Programming this .................................... be time-consuming.
h- The cartridge wasn’t empty. She ...................... have bought a new one.
i- The manual ............................ have included more illustrations.
j- You ........................... lock the computer room when you leave.
k- If I were you I ...................... switch it right now.
17- Traduisez
a- Tous mes étudiants savent écrire un programme en C++
b- Je n’entends rien. Les programmeurs doivent encore être en train de jouer sur leur ordinateur.
c- Il sera bientôt capable de jouer avec ce synthétiseur.
d- Elle savait déjà programmer en HTML.
e- Il m’a dit qu’il y avait de grandes chances pour qu’il fasse son stage chez Macrohard.
f- Si vous m’aviez demandé de préparer un exercice sur les temps j’aurais pu le faire.
g- Si vous m’aviez demandé de préparer un exercice sur les temps je l’aurais fait.
h- Le professeur a finalement réussi à faire démarrer le serveur.
i- Il se pourrait que le vendeur nous livre les cartouches aujourd’hui.
j- Je ne le vois pas. Il se pourrait qu’il soit allé voir son futur employeur.
k- Vous n’êtes pas obligé de travailler si tard.
l- Il ne faut pas que la secrétaire parte avant 9 heures.
m- Vous devez acheter ce processeur si vous voulez traiter des images et de la vidéo.
n- Le graveur a besoin d’être réparé.
o- Vous avez besoin d’aide ?
p- Mes étudiants n’oseront pas copier cette nouvelle version.
q- Y a-t-il des chances pour qu’il accepte ? (likely to)
r- Il va certainement échouer. (sure to)
s- Ce sera inévitablement un échec. (bound to)
t- Il lui arrive d’oublier ses rendez-vous. (apt to)
u- Des difficultés sont susceptibles de survenir. (liable to)
v- Vous feriez mieux de changer de clavier !
w- Lequel préféreriez-vous avoir ?
x- Le train doit arriver à 9h. (be to, be due)
y- Que faut-il faire ? (be to)
z- Il va pleuvoir. (be going to)
ai- Vous devriez apprendre les leçons.
bi- Il se pourrait qu’il pleuve.
ci- Il faut que je parte.
di- Tu dois apprendre ta leçon.
ei- Je peux te prêter cinq livres sterling.
fi- Tu n’aurais pas du venir.
gi- Déjeunerez-vous avec nous ?
hi- Chaque été il passait quelques jours à Vermilion Sands.
ii- Si seulement je pouvais rester ?
ji- Pourrais-je vous parler ?
ki- J’ai pu finir mon travail pendant le weekend.
li- Il se peut qu’ils aient laissé un message pour nous.
mi- Il devait avoir cinquante ans quand son fils est né.
ni- Vous devriez savoir cela, vous auriez du l’apprendre à l’école.
18- Rewrite using modals.

a- I am sure she was not happy.
b- We will perhaps get a little sunshine later on.
c- He is probably very ill.
d- The train was certainly late.
e- Maybe your diet was inadequate.
f- Silence !
g- They are certainly not moving out of their flat.
h- Things are likely to be different soon.
19- Multiple Choice Questionnaire

a- She was surprised to find that he … recollect her name at once.
i- could not ii- cannot iii- is not able to iv- should not be able to
b- … borrow your pen for a second, just to sign this report ?

i- an I able to ii- may I have iii- could I have iv- could I
c- I … wrong, but I feel he will emerge as a major writer.
i- may have been ii- am able to be iii- could have been iv- may be
d- The swimmer was exhausted but he … reach the opposite bank before he collapsed.
i- can ii- couldn’t iii- was able to iv- could
e- Last night … late, for the night before I had slept 12 hours at a stretch.
i- I was able to sit up ii- I might sit up iii- I could sit up iv- I can sit up
f- When I was younger, I … come home after dark.
i- may not ii- might not iii- could not iv- cannot
g- He … have died, but I am quite sure he didn’t.
i- can ii- may iii- cannot iv- could not
h- I … drive 500 miles yesterday though the weather was awful.
i- could ii- was able to iii- can iv- may have
i- Sheila … a wonderful time at that party last night.
i- can have ii- may have iii- might have iv- may have had
j- Her pain was not as bad as it … been.
i- might have ii- can have iii- could iv- may
20- Rewrite using may according to the following example.

Perhaps he knows/perhaps he will know the answer. He may know the answer.
a- Perhaps this will be a good year for wine.
b- Perhaps it is too late.
c- It will perhaps rain tomorrow.
d- Perhaps you’ll be lucky enough to win.
e- Perhaps I have my critics but I don’t care.
21- Translate into French.

a- We could hear voices in the adjoining room yesterday night.
b- Can you smell something burning ?
c- We could see the island on clear days.
d- He may do it this morning.
e- He may have done it this morning.

a- Il se peut qu’il vienne ce soir.
b- Il ne peut pas venir ce soir car sa voiture est en panne.
c- Mon père pourrait téléphoner ce soir, peut-être.
d- Mon père pourra téléphoner ce soit : il a son téléphone.
e- Mon frère pouvait lire hier.
f- Ta sœur a pu téléphoner hier à 12 heures 30.
g- Il se peut que mon oncle ait téléphoné hier soir, je ne sais pas.
h- Quand on peut, il est possible qu’on réunisse.
i- Un enfant ne peut pas conduire une voiture.
j- Il se pourrait qu’il ne soit pas encore arrivé.
k- Quand on veut on peut toujours.
23- Build the following sentences.

a- The child sings. Preterite, can, yesterday.
b- The child sings. Preterite, may, yesterday.
c- The dog is barking. Conditional, can, if it was in the garden.
d- The dog is barking. Conditional, may, if it was in the garden.
e- The teacher speaks. Future, can, tomorrow.
f- The teacher is speaking. Present, may, right now.
g- A boy runs in the garden. Preterite, may, yesterday morning.
h- A boy runs in the garden. Past conditional, may, yesterday morning.
i- A boy plays in the yard. Past conditional, can, yesterday morning if the yard had been open.
j- The sun is shining. Present, may, in Bristol right now.

a- L’enfant doit étudier son espagnol tous les soirs.
b- Le chien devra rester dehors ce soir.
c- Il ne faut pas que vous partiez avant la fin de la pièce.
d- Le professeur doit-il écouter les élèves ?

e- Mon ami a du partir hier à huit heures pour être à l’heure à Londres.
f- Vous deviez vous taire en anglais et non parler comme des fous.
g- Si mon frère était riche, il devrait m’aider.
h- Si ma mère avait eu le temps elle aurait du m’écouter.
i- Sa chambre est noire : il doit être sorti.
j- Hier soir je n’entendais pas de musique. Mon voisin devait être allé au cinéma.
25- Turn into the past. Careful : study the two following examples.
Paul must go. (obligation) Paul had to go yesterday
Paul must be singing (logical deduction) Paul must have been singing yesterday
when I arrived.
a- My mother must prepare dinner tonight. (yesterday night)
b- There is no light in the kitchen. My mother must be out. (last night)
c- Paul’s sister must buy a couple of books. (last week)
d- She bought two books. They must be on her desk. (yesterday when I arrived)
e- Your brother must remain silent in class. (last year)
f- The cars must go around the round-about. (when they came back from the station)
g- Your son has good grades. He must be working hard. (last month)
h- Paul will have to go to Paris next week. (last weekend)
i- Their daughter is good at music. She must work hard. (last year)
j- The cats must stay on the sofa. (when my aunt came to visit us)
26- Fill in the blanks with should or should have plus the verb in the proper form.
a- If the train was on time Paul … (to arrive) in no time.
b- If the sun shone you … (to go) to the seaside.
c- If you had had time you … (to learn) this song.
d- If there were many people in the store my father … (to stay) at home.
e- If there had been electricity my teacher … (to use) the TV.
f- If it was cheaper my sister … (to buy) it.
g- If this car had been more expensive I … (to borrow) money to buy it.
h- If my mother had called yesterday night I … (to tell) her the bad news.
i- If the child could run he … (to try) to go in racing.
j- If your father was less old we … (to offer) him a red tie.
27- Rewrite the sentences according to the following models and using some form of may (careful to the
original tenses or variations) and then translate.
Perhaps she is angry with me. She may be angry with me.
Perhaps they’ll come tonight. They may come tonight.
Why didn’t you help them ? You might have helped them.
a- Perhaps George will be late for dinner.
b- Perhaps our friends are waiting for us.
c- Perhaps we’ll go to Cornwall in July.
d- Perhaps it won’t rain tomorrow.
e- Perhaps you don’t agree with me.
f- Perhaps John has read this book before.
g- Perhaps I made a mistake.
h- Perhaps he didn’t see the lights were at red.
i- Perhaps they came when we were out.
j- Perhaps I haven’t told you about it.
k- Perhaps they would meet him at the party.
l- Perhaps she would not feel a bit hurt.
m- Perhaps he would need our help.
n- It would perhaps rain this afternoon.
o- Wouldn’t he perhaps like the food ?
p- He was lucky he didn’t miss the train.
q- Why didn’t you ring us up last night ?
r- You were lucky they didn’t catch you.
s- Why didn’t they ask my advice ?
t- How lucky that the child wasn’t run over.
u- Why didn’t you answer his question more politely ?

a- Vous devriez vous lever plus tôt.

b- Vous ne devriez pas vous moquer d’eux.
c- Vous n’auriez pas du sortir. Il fait trop froid.
d- Je suis désolé : je n’ai pas pu venir plus tôt : il y avait du brouillard.
e- Quand j’étais plus jeune je pouvais monter à n’importe quel arbre.
f- Pourrais-je parler à Monsieur Smith s’il vous plait ?
g- Vous auriez pu fermer les fenêtres.
h- Elle ne pourra pas retourner à l’école avant le mois prochain.
i- Il faut que je prenne ce médicament deux fois par jour.
j- Ils ont du être retardés par le brouillard.
CORRECTION
1- a- She could try to remember.
b- It will have to get foggy in the evening.
c- You should vote for him, if you could (You would have to vote for him, if you could).
Note: should vote is a plain piece of advice and you can do what you want in the end. would
have to vote is an obligation you cannot in any way evade.
d- She must have been deaf for years.
e- They could not be serious.
f- She hasn’t had to begin to think yet.
g- There may have been another crisis last year.
h- He can’t and mustn’t be as rich as that.
i- She may accept the part tonight.
j- She has always been able to control everything.
2- a- Could I express a personal opinion?

b- She should begin to think if she was careful (She would have to begin to think, if …)
c- Nobody may have guaranteed that.
d- She must hope to bring everybody up to that.
e- They must remain indifferent to the problem ( they will have to remain indifferent to the problem).
f- He may have been serious when he decided to.
g- They could come and join us yesterday. They were able to come and join us yesterday.
h- At school we used to have to keep silent during the lessons.
i- Travel agents may smile all the time. Travel agents will maybe smile all the time.
j- He must go to school on Wednesdays.
3- a- I am afraid I CAN’T COME to your party next week.

b- When Tim was sixteen, he was a fast runner. He COULD RUN 100 meters in 11 seconds.
c- « Are you in a hurry ? » « No I’ve got plenty of time. I CAN WAIT . »
d- I was feeling sick yesterday. I COULDN’T EAT anything.
e- Can you speak up a bit ? I CAN’T HEAR you very well.
f- « You look tired. » « Yes, I COULDN’T SLEEP last night. »
4- a- Look, Mr Roberts. I’m not giving you any orders. Just take my advice, that’s all I’m saying. You
SHOULDN’T smoke as much as you do ! It MAY / MIGHT / COULD have serious consequences for you if
you don’t stop.
b- If you want to succeed and pass your exams there’s only one solution. You MUST / HAVE TO revise !
After a few weeks’ revision you WILL BE ABLE TO pass your exams ! I’m certain !
c- I don’t know where he COULD BE be. He MUST have left home already. There’s nobody there, I’ve just
phoned him. He SHOULD be here by now !
d- You SHOULDN’T let the children play so close to the fire, Dan ! You OUGHT TO be more careful in the
future. They MAY / COULD have an accident – you never know.
e- We COULD go to the cinema, or what about the museum ? At any rate we CAN’T go to the beach. It MAY
be sunny, but it’s far too cold today.
f- He MUST be French. He looks so typically French, don’t you think ? Although, well, I suppose he COULD
be Italian, COULDN’T he ?
g- Look ! If we go down to Keith and Sue’s it WILL surely rain. It always does when we go to their house. We
COULD ask them to come up to London. What do you think ?
h- Where SHALL we meet ? Where’s the best place ? I CAN’T meet you in the center of town. I don’t know it
very well. I MAY / COULD get lost.
i- Oh ! WILL you be quiet ! I’ve had enough of your noise ! You SHOULD / MUST be more considerate, you
know.

j- The rain WILL stop before this afternoon. Look ! The sun is coming out already. Maybe we SHOULD /
COULD start getting ready to go out. What do you think ?
k- You MAY / COULD get something through the post for your birthday, Pete. You MUSTN’T open it, though,
before your birthday ! Promise me you WON’T !
l- I WOULD love to come out with you all night, but I really MUSTN’T. I HAVE TO finish this project for
tomorrow morning and I’m already behind.
5- a- George has travelled a lot. He CAN speak four languages.

b- My uncle had travelled a lot when he was young. He died unluckily last year. He COULD speak four
languages.
c- I haven’t BEEN ABLE TO sleep very well recently.
d- Sandra CAN drive but she hasn’t got a car.
e- My dead mother COULD drive but she was afraid of the traffic, so she never drove.
f- I can’t understand Martin. I’ve never BEEN ABLE TO understand him.
g- I used to BE ABLE TO stand on my head, but I CAN’T any more.
h- I CAN’T see you on Friday but I will BE ABLE TO meet you on Saturday morning.
i- Ask Catherine about your problem. She must BE ABLE TO help you.
j- My dog WAS ABLE to jump over the gate in the past. But now he is too old to BE ABLE TO do it.
6- a- My uncle can run three miles in about twenty minutes.

Last year ……… could.
b- Our teacher can grade about one hundred papers a day.
Last year ……… could
c- The dog could jump over the gate if it was not tied up to the tree.
Last year ………… could have jumped ………..if it had not been tied up
d- It may rain on Lulu’s birthday.
Last year it may have rained …………
e- If the children were polite, the baker might give them a pastry.
Last year if …….. had been polite, the baker might have given them a ……
7- a- Mon oncle peut courir trois milles en environ vingt minutes

L’année dernière, mon oncle pouvait courir trois milles en environ vingt minutes
b- Notre professeur peut corriger environ cent copies par jour.
L’année dernière, notre professeur pouvait corriger environ cent copies par jour.
c- Le chien pourrait sauter par dessus le portail s’il n’était pas attaché à l’arbre.
L’an dernier, le chien aurait pu sauter par dessus le portail s’il n’avait pas été attaché à l’arbre.
d- Il se peut qu’il pleuve pour l’anniversaire de Lulu.
L’an dernier il se peut qu’il ait plu pour l’anniversaire de Lulu.
e- Si les enfants étaient polis, le boulanger pourrait leur donner une pâtisserie.
L’an dernier, si les enfants avaient été polis le boulanger aurait pu leur donné une pâtisserie.
8- a- If yesterday it had snowed, I could have skied in the mountains yesterday afternoon
b- If last year my father had bought a car, we might have gone to England during the summer.
c- If my father bought me a computer tomorrow, I could play video games every night.
d- If trains were always on time, students could be punctual at school every morning.
e- If teachers had not decided to work last week, we may have spent our week at home then.
9- a- George may be late for dinner

b- I may have made a mistake
c- Our friends may be waiting for us
d- We may go to Cornwall in July
e- He may not have seen the traffic light was red.
f- It may not rain tomorrow.
g- You may not agree with me.
h- They may have come when we were out
i- They may be having tea.
j- John may have read this book before
10- a- She was surprised to find that he ……… remember her name at once
€ could not € cannot € is not able to € might have
b- The swimmer was exhausted but he ……. reach the other bank of the river before he collapsed.

€ might € couldn’t € could € wasn’t able to
c- The swimmer was in very good form, but he …… reach the other bank of the river and he drowned in the
middle.
€ might € couldn’t € could € was able to
d- Last night I …. late, because I had slept all afternoon.
€might sit up € couldn’t sit up € may have sitting up € was able to sit up
e- When I was younger, I …. come home late, because my parents were strict on me going to bed early.
€ could not € may not € cannot € could
f- I …. drive 500 miles yesterday though the weather was very bad.
€ could not € could € may not € might not
g- The car crashed but he …. get to safety before it caught fire.
€ could have € may have € could not € could
h- After that I don’t know what happened. He ….
€ may go out € may have gone out € can go out € might go out
i- If you had been richer, you …. the car
€ could buy € may have buying € might have buy € could have bought
j- He … climb the wall and he escaped.
€ will be able to € could € can €was able
11- a- Paul (1) …. read last year. He was only five but he was advanced. He (2) …. write yet though because
he had had a bad accident and his right hand was paralyzed and his left hand was broken for at least two
months. He learned how to write the following year and he (3) ….. do it in two months. Then he moved to the
piano and six months later he (4) …… to play some complex little pieces.
€ could may not will wanted to
€ could not could not was not able was not able to
€ could could not was able to was able
€ may may not might was able to
b- His father was very proud and saying all the time : « He (5) … play the piano as well as Mozart. » But
when he asked his mother if he (6) …. play the violin, she refused. She was afraid that Paul (7) …. mix the
piano and the violin up. Now he does not know the violin and he does not even like the violin.
€ could not might have can
€ can could could
€ is able could have could to
€ might had to could be can have
c- If he (8) …. learned it, he (9) …. like it now. But We (10) …. imagine this and that. Anything (11) ….
happened or (12) …. happened, because Paul was very young.
€ might might have can always be may may not
€ could have may not can always be may had may not be
€ could have might can always may have may not have
€ might might can always be may had may not have
€could have may not can always have may be may have been
12- a- You’ve been travelling all day. You MUST be very tired.
b- That restaurant MUST be very good. It’s always full of people.
c- The restaurant CAN’T be very good. It’s always empty.
d- You’re going on holiday next week. You MUST be looking forward to it.
e- It rained every day during their holiday, so they CAN’T have had a very nice time.
f- Congratulations on passing your exam. You MUST be very pleased.
g- You got here very quickly. You MUST have walked very fast.
h- Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they MUST have a lot of money, they CAN’T be poor.
13- a- HE MUST HAVE GONE SHOPPING.

b- SHE MUST HAVE GONE TO THE CINEMA.

c- IT MUST BE IN THE CAR. YOU MUST HAVE LEFT IT IN THE CAR.
d- HE MUST HAVE BEEN IN THE BATH. HE MUST HAVE NOT HEARD THE BELL. HE MUST NOT HAVE
HEARD THE BELL.
14- a- You should get up earlier.

b- You should eat more fruit.
c- You should be here now.
d- You should not laugh at them.
e- You should have driven slower.
f- You should not have gone out: it is too cold.
g- The letters should have been mailed yesterday.
h- I am sorry: I couldn’t come earlier: there was too much fog.
i- I cannot sleep because there is too much noise.
j- If it stopped snowing, you could go out.
k- When I was younger I could climb any tree.
l- Can I use your telephone?
m- Could I speak to Mister Smith, please?
n- Could I ask you something if you are not too busy?
o- He took off his shoes for no one to be able to hear him.
p- He could not have found a better hotel.
q- She could have died if she had not been taken to the hospital straight away.
r- You could have closed the windows.
s- I would like to be able to stay here.
t- One day we will be able to go on vacation on the moon.
u- Do you think she will be able to work again soon?
v- She will not be able to go back to school before next month.
w- The boat capsized very close to the bank, so that the children were able to swim to it/ to swim ashore.
x- He was so drunk that he was not able to drive home.
y- Peter may telephone: if he does tell him to call later.
z- We should be early/ We’d better be early, there might be a lot of people.
ai- We might have come earlier if we had not been delayed by the fog.
bi- Children must obey their parents.
ci- I must take this drug twice a day.
di- Visitors must not feed animals.
ei- Must I open all the windows? (C’est une obligation dont je demande confirmation.)
Shall I open all the windows? (Je demande à l’autre s’il veut que j’ouvre toutes les fenêtres.)
fi- You must have been very afraid when your car crashed into the tree.
gi- They must have been delayed by the fog.
hi- He was knocked down by a car: he must have crossed the street without looking.
ii- At what time do you have to get up/ must you get up, to get your train?
15- a- They may be on holiday.

b- It may have broken down yesterday.
c- She may not get this message in time.
d- You must be tired.
e- He must have already done it.
f- He can’t have arrived yet.
16- a- I’ve just finished the first exercise. What CAN I do now ?
b- Anyone CAN use a mouse.
c- You CAN write this program in any language you choose.
d- I told you yesterday that you CAN’T/MAY NOT/MUSTN’T/SHOULDN’T/SHOULD use this new printer.
e- You CAN/MUST program the function keys according to your needs.
f- It MAY be a bit more expensive but it’s faster.
g- Programming this MAY be time-consuming.
h- The cartridge wasn’t empty. She CAN’T have bought a new one.
i- The manual SHOULD have included more illustrations.
j- You MUST/CAN/MAY lock the computer room when you leave.
k- If I were you I WOULD switch it right now.
17- a- All my students know how to write a program in C++.

b- I can’t/don’t hear anything. The programmers must be playing on their computers again.

c- He will soon be able to play this synthesizer / to play on this synthesizer. (The second construction
treats the synthesizer as a computer more than as a music instrument, whereas the first one does
exactly the reverse.)
d- She already knew how to program in HTML/ knew programming in HTML/ knew HTML programming.
e- He told me it was highly probable he may have his placement at Macrohard. He told me he may very well
have his placement at Macrohard.
f- If you had asked me to prepare an exercise on tenses I could have done it.
g- If you had asked me to prepare an exercise on tenses I would have done it.
h- The teacher finally managed to start the server.
i- The salesman might deliver the cartridges today.
j- I can’t see him. He may have gone and seen his prospective employer.
k- You don’t have to work so late.
l- The secretary must not leave before 9 :00.
m- You must buy this processor if you want to process images and videos.
n- The CD-burner must be repaired.
o- Do you need help ? Shall I help you ? Can I help you ?
p- My students won’t dare to copy this new version.
q- He is likely to accept ?
r- He is sure to fail./He will certainly fail./He can’t but fail.
s- It is bound to be a failure.
t- He is apt to forget his appointments./He is prone to forgetting his appointments./He often forgets his
appointments.
u- Difficulties are liable to appear.
v- You’d better change the keyboard.
w- Which one would you prefer ?
x- The train must arrive at 9 :00./The train is due at 9 :00./The train is to arrive at 9 :00.
y- What is to be done ?/What can we do ?/What shall we do ?
z- It is going to rain.
ai- You should learn your lessons.
bi- It might rain.
ci- I must go./I have to go.
di- You must study your lesson.
ei- I can lend you five pounds.
fi- You shouldn’t have come.
gi- Will you have lunch with us ?
hi- Every summer he spent/he would spend/he used to spend some days in Vermilion Sands. (he spent is a
plain statement about the past and something he did then, he would spend expresses a past habit
that can extend to the present, he used to spend expresses a past action that is no longer valid in the
present and that could have occurred many times, be a habit, but in the past only.)
ii- If only I could stay.
ji- Could I speak to you ?
ki- I was able to finish my work over the week-end (during the week-end).
li- They may have left a message for us.
mi- He must have been fifty when his son was born.
ni- You should know this. You should have learned that at school.
18- a- She couldn’t be happy.

b- We may get a little sunshine later.
c- He must be very ill.
d- The train must have been late./The train had to be late.
e- Your diet may have been inadequate.
f- You must keep silent.
g- They won’t move out of their flat.
h- Things should be different soon.
19- a- She was surprised to find that he … recollect her name at once.
i- could not ii- cannot iii- is not able to iv- should not be able to
b- … borrow your pen for a second, just to sign this report ?
i- an I able to ii- may I have iii- could I have iv- could I
c- I … wrong, but I feel he will emerge as a major writer.
i- may have been ii- am able to be iii- could have been iv- may be
d- The swimmer was exhausted but he … reach the opposite bank before he collapsed.
i- can ii- couldn’t iii- was able to iv- could

e- Last night … late, for the night before I had slept 12 hours at a stretch.
i- I was able to sit up ii- I might sit up iii- I could sit up iv- I can sit up
f- When I was younger, I … come home after dark.
i- may not ii- might not iii- could not iv- cannot
g- He … have died, but I am quite sure he didn’t.
i- can ii- may iii- cannot iv- could not
h- I … drive 500 miles yesterday though the weather was awful.
i- could ii- was able to iii- can iv- may have
i- Sheila … a wonderful time at that party last night.
i- can have ii- may have iii- might have iv- may have had
j- Her pain was not as bad as it … been.
i- might have ii- can have iii- could iv- may
20- a- This may be a good year for wine.

b- It may be too late.
c-It may rain tomorrow.
d- You may be lucky enough to win.
e- I may have my critics but I don’t care.
21- a- Nous pouvions entendre des voix dans la pièce d’à côté hier soir.
b- Pouvez sentir quelque chose qui brûle ?
c- Nous pouvions voir l’île par temps clair.
d- Il se peut qu’il le fasse ce matin.
e- Il se peut qu’il l’ait fait ce matin.
22- a- He may come tonight.

b- He can’t come tonight because his car has broken down (his car is out of order).
c- My father might call tonight.
d- My father will be able to call tonight : he has his telephone.
e- My brother could read yesterday.
f- Your sister was able to call yesterday at 12 :30.
g- My uncle may have called yesterday night. I don’t know.
h- When we can we may succeed.
i- A child can’t (and may not) drive a car.
j- He might not be arrived yet.
k- When we want to do something we are always able to.
23- a- The child could sing yesterday.

b- The child may have sung yesterday.
c- The dog could be barking, if it was in the garden.
d- The dog might be barking, if it was in the garden.
e- The teacher will be able to speak tomorrow.
f- The teacher may be speaking right now.
g- A boy may have run in the garden yesterday morning.
h- A boy might have run in the garden yesterday morning.
i- A boy could have played in the yard yesterday morning if the yard had been open.
j- The sun may be shining in Bristol right now.
24- a- The child must study his Spanish every night

b- The dog will have to stay outside tonight.
c- You must not leave before the end of the play.
d- Must the teacher listen to the pupils/students ?
e- My friend had to leave yesterday at 8 :00 to be on time in London.
f- You had to keep quiet in English and not to speak like mad.
g- If my brother were/was rich he should help me.
h- If my mother had had the time, she should have listened to me.
i- His room is dark : he must be out.
j- Yesterday night I couldn’t hear any music : my neighbor must have gone to the cinema.
25- a- My mother had to prepare dinner yesterday night.

b- There was no light in the kitchen last night. My mother must have been out.
c- Paul’s sister had to buy a couple of books last week.

d- She had bought two books yesterday when I arrived. They must have been on her desk.
e- Your brother had to remain silent in class last year.
f- The cars had to go around the round-about when they came back from the station.
g- Your son had good grades last month. He must have been working hard.
h- Paul had to go to Paris last weekend.
i- Their daughter was good at music last year. She must have worked hard.
j- The cats had to stay on the sofa when my aunt came to visit us.
26- a- If the train was on time Paul SHOULD ARRIVE/SHOULD BE ARRIVING in no time.
b- If the sun shone you SHOULD GO to the seaside.
c- If you had had time you SHOULD HAVE LEARNED this song.
d- If there were many people in the store my father SHOULD STAY at home.
e- If there had been electricity my teacher SHOULD HAVE USED the TV.
f- If it was cheaper my sister SHOULD BUY it.
g- If this car had been more expensive I SHOULD HAVE BORROWED money to buy it.
h- If my mother had called yesterday night I SHOULD HAVE TOLD her the bad news.
i- If the child could run he SHOULD TRY to go in racing.
j- If your father was less old we SHOULD OFFER him a red tie.
27- a- George may be late for dinner.

Il se peut que George soit en retard pour le dîner.
b- Our friends may be waiting for us.
Il se peut que nos amis nous attendent.
c- We may go to Cornwall in July.
Il se peut que nous allions en Cornouailles en juillet.
d- It may not rain tomorrow.
Il se peut que demain, il ne pleuve pas.
e- You may not agree with me.
Il se peut que vous ne soyez pas d’accord avec moi.
f- John may have read this book before.
Il se peut que John ait déjà lu ce livre.
g- I may have made a mistake.
Il se peut que j’aie fait une erreur.
h- He may not have seen the lights were at red.
Il se peut qu’il n’ait pas vu que les feux étaient au rouge.
i- They may have come when we were out.
Il se peut qu’il soient venus quand nous étions sortis.
j- I may not have told you about it.
Il se peut que je ne vous en aie pas parlé.
k- They might meet him at the party.
Il pourrait le rencontrer à la réception.
l- She might not feel a bit hurt.
Elle pourrait ne pas se sentir le moins du monde blessée.
m- He might need our help.
Il pourrait avoir besoin de notre aide.
n- It might rain this afternoon.
Il pourrait pleuvoir cet après-midi.
o- Mightn’t he like the food ? Might he not like the food ?
Ne se pourrait-il pas qu’il n’aime pas la nourriture ?
p- He might have missed the train.
Il aurait pu louper le train.
q- You may have rung us up last night.
Vous auriez pu nous appeler hier soir.
r- They may have caught you.
Ils auraient pu vous attraper.
s- They may have asked my advice.
Ils auraient pu me demander mon avis.
t- The child may have been run over.
L’enfant aurait pu être renversé.
u- You may have answered his questions more politely.
Vous auriez pu répondre à ses questions de façon plus polie.
28- a- You should get up earlier.

b- You shouldn’t make fun of them.
c- You shouldn’t have gone out. It is too cold.
d- I am sorry. I couldn’t come earlier. There was some fog.
e- When I was younger I could climb any tree.
f- Could I speak to Mr Smith, please ?
g- You could have closed the windows.
h- She will not be able to go back to school before next month.
i- I must take this medication twice a day.
j- They must have been delayed by the fog.
NUMERALS
EXERCICES
1- Transcribe the following numbers.
1 60 2 70 3 80 4 90 5 100 6 287 7
762 8 904 9 1,054 10 205,056 11 23,045,561 12 45,456,078,281
13 10,043,672,303.56207 14 12.07293 15
0.067108 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 27 30 40 50
2- First calculate the following operations and write the result in figures. Then write the whole operation and
its result in letters.
a- 3,056m + 56.703m = ...........................................
b- 57,453cm - 51,350cm = .......................................
c- 25.02m2 x 20m = .............................................
d- 715m3 : 5m = ..............................................
3- Answer the following questions. Write the figures in letters.

a- How long is the garden? (210m)
b- How old is Paul? (25yr 7m)
c- How deep is the lake? (35m)
d- What is the height of the building? (152ft)
e- What is the age of the man? (35yr 11m)
f- What is the length of the road? (25km)
g- How wide is the table? (3ft 5in)
h- How tall is the girl? (4ft 6in)
4- Write in letters
28 75 138 752 1,309 8,618 25,469 348,256 2,354,078 123,452,003
3,476,695,012 45.8743 0.053
5- Answer the following questions with the measurements in brackets.
a- How long is the table? (3.45m)

b- How high is the tree? (45 ft)
c- How tall is the boy? (5ft 6in)
d- How deep is the river? (6 yd)
e- How wide is the road? (12.50m)
f- How old is the child? (12yr 6m.)
g- How thick is the book? (3.45cm)
h- What is the length of the bed? (6ft)
i- What is the depth of the pond? (2.45m)
j- What is the thickness of the book? (5.06cm)
k- What is the height of the house? (12.47m)
l- What is the width of the path? (2.37m)
m- How thick is the notebook? (0.45cm)
6- Calculate the following operations and then write them in letters.

a- 3.45m x 6.07m = ...........................
b- 3.45mm + 12.67mm = ...........................
c- 12ft : 3 = ...........................
d- 15.67dm - 12.39dm = ...........................
e- 1,256m : 2.5 = ...........................
f- 20.567kg x 3.5 = ...........................
g- 2m x 3.5m x 1.45m = ...........................
h- 2,450m : 10 = ...........................
i- 35 cm3 : 7 = ...........................
j- 300 pages per hour x 3h45mn = ...........................
7- Write in letters.
45 63 89 528 1,239 25,752 1,456,007 38,067,402 1.0045 12.4057

0.002095
8- Calculate and then write the whole operation in letters

a- 5,678m + 308.75m = ...............................
b- 295cm - 45.601cm = ....................................
c- 345m3 : 15m2 = ............................
d- 23.4mm x 12.05mm2 = ...................................
9 Answer the following questions with the measurements in brackets. Write the measurements in
letters.
a- How long is the table? (2.50m)

b- How high is the tree? (12.25m)
c- How tall is the boy? (3ft 5in)
d- How deep is the river? (12.45m)
e- How wide is the road? (7yd)
f- How old is the child? (12yr 6m)
g- How thick is the book? (2in)
h- How big is the garden? (102m2)
i- What is the length of the bed? (6ft 12in)
j- What is the depth of the pond? (1.58m)
k- What is the thickness of the book? (4.45cm)
l- What is the height of the house? (6.55m)
m- What is the width of the path? (3.25m)
n- How thick is the notebook? (45mm)
o- What is the surface of the table? (3.45m2)
p- What is the volume of the box? (102.450dm 3)
10- Write in letters

14 – 47 – 52 – 81 – 18 – 99 - 1 st - 2nd - 3rd - 7th - 8th - 20th - 32nd – 247 - 8,954 - 60,000,000 - 10,650,027 -
2,010 - 4,595
11- Write the following dates in letters

1067 – 1294 – 1856 – 1905 – 1999 – 2000 – 2004 – the 1900s – the 1780s – the 40s

a- Qui a été le premier président des Etats Unis ?
b- Pour plus de renseignements reportez vous à la page 57.
c- Dans Fahrenheit 451, les pompiers brûlent des milliers de livres.
d- Il est né le 17 juin 1956.
e- Il y a plus de 260 millions d’Américains.
f- C’est la troisième rue à gauche.
g- C’est à environ 1,5 kilomètres d’ici.
h- Il a des centaines de livres dans sa collection.
i- Il est arrivé second et moi quinzième.
j- Lisez les deux premiers paragraphes.

k- Il y a trois douzaines d’œufs sur la table.
l- Il y a des centaines de gens dans la cour.
m- Londres est à une cinquantaine de kilomètres.
n- Il y a plusieurs milliers d’années les hommes n’avaient pas encore l’eau courante.
o- Mon frère a trois ans et demi et ma sœur a moins de dix ans.
p- Il faut près de vingt minutes pour aller à l’école.
q- Les deux premiers actes sont excellents, mais j’aime moins les deux derniers.
r- La terre est environ cinquante fois plus grosse que la lune.
s- Deux hommes sur trois ne mangent pas assez.
t- Les dix-sept vingt-cinquièmes de ces pommes-de-terre sont sèches.
13- Write the following dates in letters.

1066, 1275, 1399, 1843, 1927, 1615, 1403, 1798, 1583, 1176, 2000, 2001, 2010, 2154
CORRECTION
1-
1 One
60 sixty
2 two
70 seventy
3 three
80 eighty
4 four
90 ninety
5 five
100 a hundred
6 six
287 two hundred and eighty seven
7 seven
762 seven hundred and sixty two
8 eight
904 nine hundred and four
9 nine
1,054 one thousand and fifty four
10 ten
205,056 two hundred and five thousand and fifty six
11 eleven
23,045,561 twenty three million forty five thousand five hundred and sixty one
12 twelve
45,456,078,281 forty five billion four hundred and fifty six million seventy eight thousand two hundred and
eighty one
13 thirteen
10,043,672,303.56207 ten billion forty three million six hundred and seventy two thousand three hundred and
three point five six two O seven
14 fourteen
12.07293 twelve point O seven two nine three
15 fifteen
0.067108 (zero) point O six seven one O eight
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 twenty one
22 twenty two
27 twenty seven
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
2- a- 3,056m + 56.703m = 3,112.703m

three thousand fifty six meters plus fifty six point seven zero three meters equals (is) three thousand one
hundred (and) twelve point seven zero three meters
a- 57,453cm - 51,350cm = 6,103cm
fifty seven thousand four hundred fifty three centimeters minus fifty one thousand three hundred (and) fifty
centimeters equals (is) six thousand one hundred (and) three centimeters.
c- 25.02m2 x 20m = 500.4M3
twenty five point zero two square meters times twenty meters equals (is) five hundred point four cubic meters
d- 715m3 : 5m = 143m2
seven hundred (and) fifteen cubic meters divided by five meters equals (is) one hundred forty three square
meters.
3- a- The garden is two hundred (and) one meters long.

b- Paul is twenty five years seven months old.
c- The lake is thirty five meters deep.
d- The height of the building is one hundred fifty two feet.
e- The age of the man is thirty five years eleven months.
f- The length of the road is twenty five kilometers.
g- The table is three feet five inches wide.
h- The girl is four feet six inches tall.
4- 28 twenty-eight
75 seventy-five
138 a hundred (and) thirty-eight
752 seven hundred (and) fifty-two
1,309 one thousand three hundred (and) nine
8,618 eight thousand six hundred (and) eighteen
25,469 twenty-five thousand four hundred (and) sixty-nine
348,256 three hundred (and) forty-eight thousand two hundred (and) fifty-six
2,354,078 two million three hundred (and) fifty-four thousand seventy-eight
123,452,003 one hundred (and) twenty-three million four hundred (and) fifty-two thousand (and) three
3,476,695,012 three billion four hundred (and) seventy-six million six hundred ninety-five thousand (and)
twelve
45.8743 forty-five point eight seven four three
0.053 (zero) point O five three
5- a- The table is three meters forty five long.
b- The tree is forty-five feet high.

c- The boy is five feet six inches tall.
d- The river is six yards deep.
e- The road is twelve meters fifty wide.
f- The child is twelve years six months old.
g- The book is three centimeters forty-five thick.
h- The length of the bed is six feet.
i- The depth of the pond is two meters forty-five.
j- The thickness of the book is five centimeters O (zero) six.
k- The height of the house is twelve meters forty-seven.
l- The width of the path is two meters thirty seven.
m- The notebook is zero centimeters forty five (The notebook is four millimeters and a half thick.)
6- a- 3.45m x 6.07m = 20.9415m2
three meters forty-five multiplied by (times) six meters O seven equals (is) twenty square meters
nine four one five.
b- 3.45mm + 12.67mm = 16.12mm

three millimeters forty-five plus twelve millimeters sixty-seven equals (is) sixteen millimeters twelve.
c- 12ft : 3 = 4ft

twelve feet divided by three equals (is) four feet.
d- 15.67dm - 12.39dm = 3.28dm
fifteen decimeters sixty-seven minus twelve decimeters thirty-nine equals (is) three decimeters twenty-eight
e- 1,256m : 2.5 = 502.40m
one thousand two hundred and fifty-six meters divided by two point five equals (is) five hundred and two
meters forty.
f- 20.567kg x 3.5 = 71.9845kg
twenty kilograms five six seven multiplied by (times) three point five equals (is) seventy-one kilograms nine
eight four five.
g- 2m x 3.5m x 1.45m = 10.15m3
two meters multiplied by (times) three meters fifty multiplied by (times) one meters forty-five equals (is) ten
cubic meters fifteen.
h- 2,450m : 10 = 245m
two thousand four hundred (and) fifty meters divided by ten equals (is) two hundred (and) forty five meters.
i- 35 cm3 : 7 = 5cm3
thirty-five cubic centimeters divided by seven equals (is) five cubic centimeters.
j- 300 pages per hour x 3h45mn = 1,125pages per hour
three hundred pages per hour multiplied by three hours forty five minutes equals (is) one thousand one
hundred (and) twenty five pages per hour.
7- 45 forty-five
63 sixty-three
89 eighty-nine
528 five hundred (and) twenty-eight
1,239 one thousand two hundred (and) thirty-nine
25,752 twenty-five thousand seven hundred (and) fifty-two
1,456,007 one million four hundred and fifty-six thousand (and) seven
38,067,402 thirty-eight million sixty-seven thousand four hundred (and) two
1.0045 one point O O four five
12.4057 twelve point four O five seven
0.002095 (zero) point O O two O nine five
8- a- 5,678m + 308.75m = 5,986.75m

five thousand six hundred (and) seventy-eight meters plus three hundred (and) eight meters seventy-five
equals (is) five thousand nine hundred (and) eighty-six meters seventy-five.
b- 295cm - 45.601cm = 249.399cm
two hundred (and) ninety-five centimeters minus forty-five centimeters six O one equals (is) two hundred
(and) forty-nine centimeters three nine nine.
c- 345m3 : 15m2 = 23m
three hundred (and) forty-five cubic meters divided by fifteen square meters equals (is) twenty-three meters.
d- 23.4mm x 12.05mm2 = 281.97mm3
twenty-three millimeters four multiplied by (times) twelve square millimeters O five equals (is) two hundred
(and) eighty-one cubic millimeters nine seven.
9- a- The table is two meters fifty long.
b- The tree is twelve meters twenty-five high.

c- The boy is three feet five inches tall.
d- The river is twelve meters forty-five deep.
e- the road is seven yards wide.
f- The child is twelve years six months old.
g- the book is two inches thick.
h- the garden is one hundred (and) two square meters (big).
i- The length of the bed is six feet twelve inches.
j- The depth of the pond is one meter fifty-eight.
k- The thickness of the book is four centimeters forty-five.
l- The height of the house is six meters fifty-five.
m- The width of the path is three meters twenty-five.
n- The notebook is forty-five millimeters thick.
o- The surface of the table is three square meters forty-five.
p- The volume of the box is one hundred (and) two cubic decimeters four hundred (and) fifty.

10- 14 fourteen
47 forty-seven
52 fifty-two
81 eighty-one
18 eighteen
99 ninety-nine
1st first
2nd second
3rd third
7th seventh
8th eighth
20th twentieth
32nd thirty-second
247 two hundred forty-seven
8,954 eight thousand nine hundred fifty-four
60,000,000 sixty million
10,650,027 ten million six hundred (and) fifty thousand twenty-seven
2,010 two thousand and ten
4,595 four thousand five hundred ninety-five.
11- 1067 ten sixty-seven

1294 twelve ninety-four
1856 eighteen fifty-six
1905 nineteen O five (nineteen hundred and five)
1999 nineteen ninety-nine
2000 two thousand
2004 two thousand and four.
the 1900s the nineteen hundreds
the 1780s the seventeen eighties
the 40s the forties
12- a- Who was the first president of the United States ?

b- For more information go to page fifty-seven.
c- In Fahrenheit four hundred fifty-one (the) firemen burn thousands of books.
d- He was born on June seventeenth nineteen fifty-six (… on the seventeenth of June nineteen fifty-six).
e- There are more than two hundred sixty million Americans.
f- It is the third street to the left.
g- It is (there are) about one and a half (one point five) kilometers from here.
h- He has hundreds of books in his collection.
i- He arrived second and I (me) fifteenth.
j- Read the first two paragraphs.
k- There are three dozen eggs (three dozens of eggs) on the table.
l- There are hundreds of people in the yard (playground, courtyard).
m- London is about fifty kilometers away (from here).
n- Several thousand years ago men did not have running water yet. (men still did not have running water)
Note : in the first case running water did not exist, in the second case it existed for other beings but men did
not have it. The nuance is slight but rather certain.
o- My brother is three and a half (years old) and my sister is under ten (years old).
p- We need about twenty minutes to go to school.
q- The first two acts are excellent but I like the last two less.
r- The earth is about fifty times bigger than the moon (fifty times as big as the moon).
Note : the second way of saying is supposed to be more correct, at least in British English.
s- Two men out of three (two thirds of men) do not eat enough.
Note : the second translation is not exactly the same thing as in French : the result is the same but it is not a
real translation.
t- Seventeen fifty-fifths of these potatoes are dry.
13- 1066 : ten sixty-six

1275 : twelve seventy-five
1399 : thirteen ninety-nine
1843 : eighteen forty-three
1927 : nineteen twenty-seven

1615 : sixteen fifteen
1403 : fourteen O three
1798 : seventeen ninety-eight
1583 : fifteen eighty-three
1176 : eleven seventy-six
2000 : two thousand, year two thousand
2001 : two thousand and one
2010 : two thousand and ten
2154 : twenty-one fifty-four
PASSIVE
1- Turn into the passive.
a- A famous person governs that island
b- The enemies had defeated the whole army.
c- The crowd will compel him to accept.
d- The gang will probably eliminate him.
e- Don’t these three exaggerate all the problems?
f- Paul is explaining her the rules.
g- Mary has spoken to her in Chinese.
h- A foreign nurse looks after the children.
i- He will deal with the problem.
j- Thousands of visitors have looked at this photograph.

a- The boy buys the book.
b-The man calls the police.
c- The woman paints the kitchen.
d- My father repairs the car.
e- The baby breaks the toys.
f- The girl throws the ball.
g- Your mother bakes a cake.
h- The neighbor mends my bicycle.
i- My friend sends me a postcard.
j- The wind blows the leaves.
k- My brother bought the magazine yesterday.
l- Your sister repaired the pullover this morning.
m- His mother washed the car last week.
n- Her father called Mary's cousin yesterday night.
o- Our uncles sent the package last Tuesday.
p- Their aunts brought a big cake last Sunday.
q- A friend will write this letter tomorrow.
r- My nephew will dance this waltz tonight.
s- Will his grandmother tell the story to Tom?
t- Will they ride my new bicycle next week.
u- This man can read this book in two days.
v- Your sisters can write five pages in an hour.
w- The programmer could configure the computer in ten minutes, if he wanted.
x- The secretary must call the manager at ten o'clock.
y- The manager has to drive my car tonight.
z- The headmaster may call Peter in his office.
ai- Their grandparents might drink the champagne tomorrow.
bi- This cat can eat meat everyday.
ci- My dog could bite the postman tonight.
di- Should the children compose the poem in class?
ei- Paul looked up the word in the dictionary.
fi- The dog has eaten up the sausage.
gi- Your friends will look after the baby.
hi- His dog always tears up the newspaper.
ii- The children slept in the bed.
ji- The tourists are looking at the painting all the time.

ki- Paul was looking for the book everywhere.
li- Mardell revs up the engine of her car before starting.
mi- Her grandmother takes care of the garden in the summer.
ni- The angry old man called up the police.
a- The boys buy books.

b- My sister bought potatoes yesterday.
c- This student can read the magazine in a week.
d- Peter looked up the word in the encyclopedia.
e- The old man slept in the little bed.
f- My friend repairs the computer all the time.
g- The programmer may bring the transistor tomorrow.
h- My nephew will tell the story to Sue tonight.
i- Your mother bakes a cake.
j- Their aunts sent the package last Tuesday.
k- Their grandparents must call the headmaster at half past six.
l- Paul was reading the book last night.
4- Turn into the active.
a- The police is called by the man.

b- The ball is thrown by the girl.
c- Mary's cousin was called by her father yesterday night.
d- Will the story be told to Tom by his grandmother?
e- The engine of her car is revved up by Mardell before starting.
f- Meat can be eaten by the cat everyday.
g- Should the poem be composed by the children in class?
h- The magazine was brought by my brother yesterday.
i- The toys are broken by the baby.
j- Are the leaves blown by the wind?
5- Add the auxiliary BE in the right form and then translate the sentences.
a- The book ................ brought by Mary yesterday night.

b- The book will ................ brought by Mary tomorrow morning.
c- Should the book ................ brought by Mary tonight?
d- The book must ................ brought by Mary as soon as possible.
e- The book can ................ brought by Mary next week.
f- The book ................ brought by Mary last week.
g- The computers ................ configured by the programmer.
h- The printer ................ repaired by the operator.
i- The keyboard is ................ used by the secretary right now.
j- The monitor ................ broken by the children yesterday morning.
6- Rewrite according to model :

People who wear this garment must wash it in cold water only.
This garment must be washed in cold water only.
a- We apologize that the operations manager has cancelled flight KL167 because of weather conditions.
b- Passengers can obtain refunds from the ticket office.
c- The waiter will serve drinks in the hotel lounge at six o’clock.
d- The staff in this shop accept payment by Eurocheque.
e- The director filmed this movie in Ireland.
7- Fill in the gaps
Active Passive
Accept is accepted
Speaks …………
Filmed …………

………… Was recorded
………… Has been cancelled
Have delayed …………
Must wash …………
………… Can be obtained
………… Must not be dry-cleaned
Will serve …………
………… Should be refrigerated
Had read …………
………… Had been burglarized
8- Fill in the gaps by using a verb from the list. Remember to use the passive form and the correct tense.
LIST : wash – pay – win – accept – rob – clean – not invade – discover – deliver – teach
a- The bank …………………… last night.
b- Travelers’ cheques …………………… in this store.
c- This pullover should …………………… by hand.
d- Your new car …………………… tomorrow.
e- The first prize …………………… by a man from Manchester.
f- Penicillin …………………… by Alexander Fleming.
g- Britain …………………… since the year 1066.
h- This account must …………………… within 28 days.
i- The hotel rooms …………………… everyday.
j- Next week your class …………………… by Mrs Girton.
9- Rewrite following the example :

This meal should be defrosted by purchasers before heating.
Purchasers should defrost this meal before heating.
a- Breakfast is served between 8 and 10 a.m. at this hotel.
b- A cure for cancer has been discovered by scientists at last.
c- The zoo keepers will feed the monkeys at four o’clock.
d- The computer was installed by the engineer two months ago.
e- This shirt can be washed at any temperature.
10- Rewrite the sentences, using the proposed prompters.

a- You may take photographs in this museum. Photographs ……………………
b- Somebody has lost the keys. The keys ……………………
c- Sherlock Holmes investigated many famous crimes. …………………… by Sherlock Holmes.
d- Doctors have discovered a cure for the common cold. A cure ……………………
e- The postal service will send on your letters to your new address. Your letters ……………………
f- They change the sheets every week. The sheets ……………………
g- People eat a lot of hamburgers in the US. A lot of hamburgers ……………………
h- You must not bring dogs into this park. Dogs ……………………
i- The Italians have designed the best outfits this season. …………………… by the Italians.
j- Factory workers manufactured this TV in Korea. This TV ……………………
11- Cross out the community dialect expressions (mistakes) and write the standard English ones.
a- I have already went to the store three times this morning.
b- She done the best she could for him, and he appreciate it.
c- I drunk Pepsi at the party last night, but I have always drank Diet-Pepsi before.
d- She ask him for his opinion yesterday, and he give it to her.
e- Then she mad at him because he say unkind things.
f- The room was fill with people all talking at once.
g- I seen him at the Carnival, but he never seen me.
h- We was hoping you’d go with us if you wasn’t too busy.
i- Yesterday he run in the 100-meter race, but he has already ran in the 200-meter before.
j- I knowed you was going to win that race.
(From : The Least You Should Know About English, Teresa Ferster Glazier, CBS College Publishing, New
York 1986)
12- Build a passive sentence with the following elements and then give the question-tag of the sentence.
a- If you format a used disk, any information already on the disk (erase) (future in will).
b- The union (compel) to compromise (simple preterite).
c- The workshop (close) for safety reasons (present perfect).

d- I saw a policeman carrying a child in his arms; he (follow) by a group of people (progressive preterite).
e- Two letters from an important firm (leave) unanswered by the sales manager (simple pluperfect) when the
deadline was reached.
f- Core memory computers (display) in museums nowadays (progressive present).
g- Huge amounts of data (store) on a mainframe (simple present + can).
h- The programmer (give) an order by the system (simple present).
i- Data (key in) by the keypunch operator (progressive present).
j- Since then many satellites (send up) by the USA (simple present perfect).
NOTE
The verbs that express the transfer of the “possession” of something from one person to another
(sell, give, take, etc) have an “object” that is passive and suffers or bears the action and a beneficiary who
benefits from the action. In English those two complements can be direct objects in an active sentence and
the passive sentence can be built either on the object or on the beneficiary.
Paul GIVES a book to Peter
Active subject Passive object Beneficiary
Paul GIVES Peter a book
Active subject Beneficiary Passive object
Hence we can have two passive constructions
Passive object as passive subject:
A book is given to Peter by Paul. (A book is given Peter by Paul.)
Beneficiary as passive subject:
Peter is given a book by Paul.
13- Give the two possible passive constructions of the following sentences.
a- They offered their son a new computer.
b- They showed him a few games.
c- I have sent a letter of notice to the company.
d- Her parents give her permission to come back late.
e- Our old friends offered us some tickets for the concert.
14- Turn into the passive

a- Magnetic tapes and discs will replace core memories.
b- Olivetti makes the Acorn JP101 spark-jet printer.
c- Her parents will give her a record player for Christmas.
d- A computer does all these calculations.
e- We will print our invitations on pink paper.
15- Translate into French.

a- In June 1987, the program for the long- and very long-haul Airbus A330/A340 airliners was launched at
Paris air show by the members of Airbus Industrie. (Revue Aérospatiale, October 1990)
b- This ambitious objective went hand in hand with a project for a new Aerospatiale factory, plus all the
necessary peripheral resources, to be built on a 126-acre site. (idem)

a- On a dit à l'opérateur d'entrer la commande.
b- On boit du vin en France.
c- Comment fabrique-t-on la porcelaine?
d- On ne m'a pas dit de venir.
e- Parle-t-on l'anglais en Australie?

a- They could destroy the machinery.
b- People should not listen to such records.
c- They could have influenced him.
d- They gave her a sweet little puppy.
e- They had already taught me how to mend it.
f- She will allow us a five minutes’ break.
g- The employees will pay for the present.
h- He will account for it.
i- They had refused him permission to go.

j- His parents brought him up very strictly.
18- Turn into the passive

a- The girl is reading the book.
b- The bird eats seeds.
c- The bear attacked the miner.
d- The man looked at the baby.
e- The woman will speak to her daughter.
f- The teacher is preparing his lesson.
g- The dog drinks water.
h- The cat discovered the mouse.
i- The visitor stared at the old lady.
j- The old man will call for the nurse.
k- My brother is preparing his bag.
l- My father buys newspapers.
m- My mother captured the rat.
n- My son listened to the radio.
o- My cousins will look after the baby.
p- My uncle is packing his books.
q- My grandmother sells newspapers.
r- My grandmother killed the rabbit.
s- My cousins spoke to their uncle.
t- The cat will stare at the mouse.
u- The boy is reading the newspaper.
v- The cow is eating grass.
w- The bear assaulted the miner and his daughter Clementine.
x- The man looked at the baby.
y- The old woman will speak to her lady-neighbor.

a- They are repairing my car.
b- The English defeated Napoleon’s army in Waterloo.
c- People can visit the museum.
d- She says they will send him to prison.
e- They told me to sit here.
f- his boss has asked him to arrive early.
g- The cat has just eaten the mouse.
h- Somebody is watching me.
i- Scientists will deal with the problem.
j- I hate them laughing at me.
20- Turn into the passive. Erase the agent when it is not needed.
a- Someone told me not to help him.
b- They expect her to help the children with their lessons.
c- People told us not to swim in the lake.
d- Did they ask you to show your passport?
e- The policemen took him to the police station.
f- They will give him another chance
g- They are building a new hotel.
h- They have offered him a very good job.
i- His father was shouting at him.
j- His mother sent for the doctor.

a- My father gave me a car for Christmas.
b- We’ll take him to the nearest hospital.
c- They are painting the new bedroom.
d- I can’t see my house from the beach.
e- He has repaired our TV set at last.
f- They asked the boy many questions.
g- A car ran over our dog yesterday.
h- We’ll give you another chance.
i- The police may ask you a few questions.

j- You should listen more carefully to the teacher.
22- Finish the sentences with a passive.

a- If you format a used disk, any information already on the disk (to erase, future)
b- The union (to compel, preterite) to compromise.
c- The workshop (to close, present perfect) for safety reasons.
d- Two letters from an important firm (to leave, pluperfect) unanswered by the sales manager when the
e- Core memory computers (to display, present) in museums nowadays.
23- Rewrite in the two possible passives.

a- They offered their son a new computer.
b- They showed him a few games.
c- I have sent a letter of notice to the company.
d- Her parents give her permission to come back late.
e- Our old friends offered us some tickets for the concert.

a- On a dit à l’opérateur d’entrer la commande.
b- On ne m’a pas dit de venir.
c- -- Connais-tu ce jeune homme? – Oui, on a fréquenté la même université puis la même jeune fille.
d- On lui fit comprendre qu’il ferait mieux de se taire.
e- On leur fera visiter l’usine cet après-midi.
f- On est en train de réparer ma machine.
g- On boit du vin en France.
h- Parle-t-on l’anglais en Australie?
i- On dit de Bill qu’il est un bon professeur.
j- On m’a donné beaucoup d’exercices à faire.
CORRECTION
1- a- That island is governed by a famous person.
b- The whole army had been defeated by the enemies.
c- He will be compelled to accept.
d- He will probably be eliminated by the gang.
e- Aren’t all the problems exaggerated by these three?
f- The rules are being explained to her by Paul
She is being explained the rules by Paul.
g- She has been spoken to by Mary in Chinese.
h- The children are looked after by a foreign nurse.
i- The problem will be dealt with by him.
j- This photograph has been looked at by thousands of visitors.
2- a- The book is bought by the boy.

b-The police is called by the man.
c- The kitchen is painted by the woman.
d- The car is repaired by my father.
e- The toys are broken by the baby.
f- The ball is thrown by the girl.
g- A cake is baked by your mother.
h- My bicycle is mended by the neighbor.
i- A postcard is sent to me by my friend.
I am sent a postcard by my friend
j- The leaves are blown by the wind.
k- The magazine was bought by my brother yesterday.
l- The pullover was repaired by your sister this morning.
m- The car was washed by his mother last week.
n- Mary’s cousin was called by her father yesterday night.
o- The package was sent by our uncles last Tuesday.
p- A big cake was brought by their aunts last Sunday.
q- This letter will be written by a friend tomorrow.
r- This waltz will be danced by my nephew tonight.
s- Will the story be told to Tom by his grandmother ?

Will Tom be told the story by his grandmother ?
t- Will my new bicycle be ridden by them next week.
u- This book can be read by this man in two days.
v- Five pages can be written in an hour by your sisters.
w- The computer could be configured by the programmer in ten minutes, if he wanted.
x- The manager must be called by the secretary at ten o’clock.
y- My car has to be driven by the manager tonight.
z- Peter may be called in his office by the headmaster.
ai- The champagne might be drunk by their grandparents tomorrow.
bi- Meat can be eaten by this cat every day.
ci- The postman could be bitten by my dog tonight.
di- Should the poem be composed in class by the children ?
ei- The word was looked up in the dictionary by Paul.
fi- The sausage has been eaten up by the dog.
gi- The baby will be looked after by your friends.
hi- The newspaper is always torn up by his dog.
ii- The bed was slept in by the children.
ji- The painting is being looked at by the tourists all the time.
ki- The book was being looked for by Paul everywhere.
li- The engine of the car is revved up by Mardell before starting.
mi- The garden is taken care of by her grandmother in the summer.
ni- The police was called up by the angry old man.
3- a- Books are bought by the boys.
b- Potatoes were bought by my sister yesterday.
c- The magazine can be read in a week by this student.

d- The word was looked up in the encyclopedia by Peter.
e- The little bed was slept in by the old man.
f- The computer is repaired by my friend all the time.
g- The transistor may be brought by the programmer tomorrow.
h- The story will be told to Sue by my nephew.
Sue will be told the story by my nephew.
i- A cake is baked by your mother.
j- The package was sent by their aunts last Tuesday.
k- The headmaster must be called by their grandparents at half past six.
l- The book was being read by Paul last night.
4- a- The man calls the police.
b- The girl throws the ball.

c- Her father called Mary’s cousin yesterday night.
d- Will his grandmother tell the story to Tom ?
e- Mardell revs up the engine of her car before starting.
f- The cat can eat meat everyday.
g- Should the children compose the poem in class ?
h- My brother brought the magazine yesterday.
i- The baby breaks the toys.
j- Does the wind blow the leaves ?
5- a- The book WAS brought by Mary yesterday night.
b- The book will BE brought by Mary tomorrow morning.

c- Should the book BE brought by Mary tonight?
d- The book must BE brought by Mary as soon as possible.
e- The book can BE brought by Mary next week.
f- The book WAS brought by Mary last week.
g- The computers ARE configured by the programmer.
h- The printer IS repaired by the operator.
i- The keyboard is BEING used by the secretary right now.

j- The monitor WAS broken by the children yesterday morning.
6- a- We apologize that flight KLW167 has been cancelled because of weather conditions.
b- Refunds can be obtained from the ticket office.
c- Drinks will be served in the hotel lounge at six o’clock.
d- Payment in Eurocheques is accepted in this shop.
e- This movie was filmed in Ireland.
7-
Active Passive
Accept is accepted
Speaks is spoken
Filmed was filmed
recorded Was recorded
has cancelled Has been cancelled
Have delayed have been delayed
Must wash must be washed
Can obtain Can be obtained
Must dry-clean Must not be dry-cleaned
Will serve will be served
Should refrigerate Should be refrigerated
Had read had been read
Had burglarized Had been burglarized
8- a- The bank WAS ROBBED last night.

b- Travelers’ cheques ARE ACCEPTED in this store.
c- This pullover should BE WASHED by hand.
d- Your new car WILL BE DELIVERED tomorrow.
e- The first prize HAS BEEN WON by a man from Manchester.
f- Penicillin WAS DISCOVERED by Alexander Fleming.
g- Britain HAS NOT BEEN INVADED since the year 1066.
h- This account must BE PAID within 28 days.
i- The hotel rooms ARE CLEANED everyday.
j- Next week your class WILL BE TAUGHT by Mrs Girton.
9- a- This hotel serves breakfast between 8 and 10 a.m.

b- Scientists have at last discovered a cure for cancer.
c- The monkeys will be fed at four o’clock by the zoo keepers.
d- The engineer installed the computer two months ago.
e- You can washed this shirt at any temperature.
10- a- Photographs may be taken in this museum.

b- The keys have been lost.
c- Many famous crimes were investigated by Sherlock Holmes.
d- A cure has been discovered for the common cold (by doctors).
e- Your letters will be sent on to your new address by the postal service.
f- The sheets are changed everyday.
g- A lot of hamburgers are eaten in the US.
h- Dogs must not be brought into this park.
i- The best outfits have been designed this season by the Italians.
j- This TV was manufactured in Korea.
11- a- I have already GONE to the store three times this morning.
b- She HAS done the best she could for him, and he appreciateS it.
c- I drAnk Pepsi at the party last night, but I haD always drUnk Diet-Pepsi before.
d- She askED him for his opinion yesterday, and he gAve it to her.
e- Then she WAS mad at him because he HAD SAID unkind things.
f- The room was fillED with people all talking at once.
g- I sAW him at the Carnival, but he never sAW me.
h- We was hoping you’d go with us if you WEREn’t too busy.
i- Yesterday he rAn in the 100-meter race, but he haD already rUn in the 200-meter before.

j- I knEW you was going to win that race.
12- a- If you format a used disk, any information already on the disk WILL BE ERASED, won’t it.
b- The union WAS COMPELLED to compromise, wasn’t it.
c- The workshop HAS BEEN CLOSED for safety reason, hasn’t it.
d- I saw a policeman carrying a child in his arms; he WAS BEING FOLLOWED by a group of people, wasn’t
he.
e- Two letters from an important firm HAD BEEN LEFT unanswered by the sales manager when the
deadline was reached, hadn’t they.
f- Core memory computers ARE BEING DISPLAYED in museums nowadays, aren’t they.
g- Huge amounts of data CAN BE STORED on a mainframe, can’t they.
h- The programmer IS GIVEN an order by the system, isn’t he.
i- Data ARE BEING KEYED IN by the keypunch operator, aren’t they [data is normally plural, though it may
be treated as a singular : IS BEING KEYED IN, isn’t it].
j- Since then many satellites HAVE BEEN SENT UP by the USA, haven’t they.
13- a- A new computer was offered to their son.

Their son was offered a new computer.
b- He was shown a few games.
A few games were shown to him.
c- A letter of notice has been sent to the company by me.
The company has been sent a letter of notice by me.
d- She was given permission to come back late by her parents.
Permission to come back late was given to her by her parents.
e- Some tickets for the concert were offered to us by our old friends.
We were offered some tickets for the concert by our old friends.
14- a- Core memories will be replaced by magnetic tapes and discs.

b- The Acorn JP101 spark-jet printer is made by Olivetti.
c- A record player will be given (to) her for Christmas by her parents [she will be given a record player for
Christmas by her parents].
d- All these calculations are done by a computer.
e- Our invitations will be printed on pink paper.
15- a- En Juin 1987, le programme des Airbus A330/A340 longue et très longue portée a été lancé à la foire
aérienne de Paris par les partenaires d’Airbus Industrie. (Revue Aérospatiale, octobre 1990)
b- Cet objectif ambitieux allait de pair avec le projet de construction d’une nouvelle usine de l’Aérospatiale,
plus toutes les ressources périphériques, sur un site de 126 acres. (idem)
16- a- The operator was told to enter the command.

b- We drink wine in France [they drink wine in France. You drink wine in France].
c- How is china made ?
d- I wasn’t told to come.
e- Is English spoken in Australia ?
17- a- The machinery could be destroyed (by them).

b- Such records should not be listened to (by people, N.B. Strange meaning if this agent is mentioned in the
passive: should these records be listened to by animals, trees, cars, or what?).
c- He could have been influenced by them.
d- She was given a sweet little puppy by them.
A sweet little puppy was given (to) her by them.
e- I had already been taught how to mend it (by them).
How to mend it had already been taught (to) me by them.
f- We will be allowed a five minutes’ break by her.
A five minutes’ break will be allowed (to) us by her.
g- The present will be paid for by the employees.
h- It will be accounted for by him.
i- He had been refused permission to go by them.
Permission to go had been refused (to) him by them.
j- He was brought up very strictly by his parents.
18- a- The book is being read by the girl.

b- Seeds are eaten by the bird.

c- The miner was attacked by the bear.
d- The baby is looked at by the man.
e- Her daughter will be spoken to by the woman.
f- His lesson is being prepared by the teacher.
g- Water is drunk by the dog.
h- The mouse was discovered by the cat.
i- The old lady was stared at by the visitor.
j- The nurse will be called for by the old man.
k- His bag is being prepared by my brother.
l- Newspapers are bought by my father.
m- The rat was captured by my mother.
n- The radio was listened to by my son.
o- The baby will be looked after by my cousins.
p- His books are being packed by my uncle.
q- Newspapers are sold by my grandmother.
r- The rabbit was killed by my grandmother.
s- Their uncle was spoken to by my cousins.
t- The mouse will be stared at by the cat.
u- The newspaper is being read by the boy.
v- Grass is being eaten by the cow.
w- The miner and his daughter Clementine were assaulted by the bear.
x- The baby was looked at by the man.
y- Her lady-neighbor will be spoken to by the old woman.
19- a- My car is being repaired.

b- Napoleon’s army was defeated in Waterloo by the English.
c- The museum can be visited.
d- She says he will be sent to prison.
e- I was told to sit here.
f- He was asked to arrive early by his boss.
g- The mouse has just been eaten by the cat.
h- I am being watched.
i- The problem will be dealt with by scientists.
j- I hate being laughed at.
20- a- I was told not to help him.

b- She is expected to help the children with their lessons.
c- We were told not to swim in the lake.
d- Were you asked to show your passport.
e- He was taken to the police station by the policeman.
f- He will be given another chance.
g- A new hotel is being built.
h- He was offered a very good job.
i- He was shouted at by his father.
j- The doctor was sent for by his mother.
21- a- I was given a car for Christmas by my father.

A car was given (to) me by my father for Christmas.
b- He will be taken to the nearest hospital (by us).
c- The new bedroom is being painted (by them).
d- My house can’t be seen from the beach (by me).
e- Our TV set has been repaired at last (by him).
f- The boy was asked many questions.
Many questions were asked from the boy.
g- Our dog was run over by a car yesterday.
h- You will be given another chance.
Another chance will be given to you.
i- You may be asked a few questions by the police.
A few questions may be asked from you by the police.
j- The teacher should be listened to more carefully.
22- a- If you format a used disk, any information already on the disk WILL BE ERASED.
b- The union WAS COMPELLED (WERE COMPELLED) to compromise.

c- The workshop HAS BEEN CLOSED for safety reasons.
d- Two letters from an important firm HAD BEEN LEFT unanswered by the sales manager when the
e- Core memory computers ARE DISPALYED/ARE BEING DISPLAYED in museums nowadays.
23- a- Their son was offered a new computer by them.

A new computer was offered to their son by them.
b- He was shown a few games.
A few games were shown (to) him.
c- A letter of notice has been sent by me to the company.
The company has been sent a letter of notice by me.
d- She was given permission to come back late by her parents.
Permission to come back late was given to her by her parents.
e- We were offered some tickets for the concert by our old friends.
Some tickets for the concert were offered (to) us by our old friends.
24- a- The operator was told to enter the command.

b- I wasn’t told to come.
c- -- Do you know this young man? – Yes we went to the same university and then we courted the same girl.
d- He was explained he’d better keep silent.
e- They will be shown around the factory this afternoon.
f- My machine is being repaired.
g- We drink wine in France (a French person is speaking).
You drink wine in France (a non-French person is speaking to a French person).
They drink wine in France (a non-French person is speaking to a non-French person).
h- Do they speak English in Australia?
i- Bill is said to be a good teacher.
j- I was given a lot of homework (exercises).
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
1- Fill in the gaps with the right possessive adjective or personal pronoun :
Harry Potter was a highly unusual boy in many ways. For one thing, …… hated the summer holidays
more than any other time of year. For another, …… really wanted to do …… homework, but was forced to do
…… in secret, in the dead of night. And …… also happened to be a wizard.
Through the window soared three owls, two of …… holding the third, which appeared to be
unconscious. …… landed with a soft flump on Harry’s bed, and the middle owl, which was large and grey,
had a large package tied to …… legs.
****
The darling Family of England.
…… last name was Darling, and …… suited them perfectly. The father, George, met and fell in love
with …… wife when both were very young. …… had a fairy-tale wedding : Mrs Darling was a beautiful bride
in a long white dress, and Mr Darling was a handsome groom. …… had three children : Wendy, John, and
Michael. The parents were very devoted to …… daughter and sons, but Mr Darling worried constantly about
the family budget and the cost of such basic items as milk.
All of the families in …… London neighborhood hired nurses for …… children. The Darlings, who
didn’t have much money, « hired » a special kind of nurse : a large dog called Nana ! …… performed ……
duties quite as well as any human nanny. …… bathed and dressed the children, tended to …… if …… woke
crying in the night, and walked alongside …… to school, keeping …… safe when …… crossed streets. ……
even carried an umbrella in …… mouth so that …… would stay dry in case of rain.
When Nana tucked Wendy, John, and Michael into bed, …… always left the night light on, because
the children were frightened of the approaching Neverland. Each child had a different picture of this place
and the things that happened there, and in fact …… didn’t seem scary. …… was just that the children had an
uneasy feeling of losing control of …… surroundings and drifting off to that dream world where anything
might happen.
An unbelievable event was about to shatter the peaceful life of the Darling family, but there was no
hint of …… as Mrs Darling helped …… children get ready for bed one night.
…… was Nana’s night off. The mother gave the children …… baths and sang …… to sleep. As ……
sat sewing in the nursery, …… too fell asleep.

…… dreamt that the Neverland came too close and that a strange boy broke through …… curtain
and approached Wendy, John, and Michael.
And in fact, while …… was dreaming, a boy did enter the room through the open window ! ……
dropped swiftly to the floor. Dressed in a suit of leaves, …… carried a small light as …… flitted about the
nursery. The light awakened Mrs Darling. …… gasped, knowing at once …… was Peter Pan !
[Careful : think about the sex of a nurse, or nanny, who looks after children.]
2- Same exercise.
a- Paul is very intelligent. ...........goes to school regularly.
b- Mary is working very hard. ........... helps ........... mother every day.
c- The children are big now. ........... work with ........... father in the garden.
d- My teacher does not know how to drive. ........... does not have a car. ........... uses buses and trains.
e- I am not very old. ........... brother is older than ...........
f- You are too young to go to Paris alone. ........... must go with ........... mother or ........... father.
g- We play football every Wednesday. ........... like this sport very much. ........... is good for ........... bodies.
h- You think skiing is good. So ........... must go to the mountains during ........... holiday.
i- My friend Paul likes going to the swimming pool. ........... goes there every Saturday. ........... asks ...........
brother Peter to go with ...........
j- A car has four wheels. ........... also has two, three, four or five doors. My car is old. ........... colour is blue.
But one of ........... doors is red.
CORRECTION
1- Harry Potter was a highly unusual boy in many ways. For one thing, HE hated the summer holidays more
than any other time of year. For another, HE really wanted to do HIS homework, but was forced to do IT in
secret, in the dead of night. And HE also happened to be a wizard.
Through the window soared three owls, two of THEM holding the third, which appeared to be
unconscious. THEY landed with a soft flump on Harry’s bed, and the middle owl, which was large and grey,
had a large package tied to ITS legs.
***
The darling Family of England.
THEIR last name was Darling, and IT suited them perfectly. The father, George, met and fell in love
with HIS wife when both were very young. THEY had a fairy-tale wedding : Mrs Darling was a beautiful bride
in a long white dress, and Mr Darling was a handsome groom. THEY had three children : Wendy, John, and
Michael. The parents were very devoted to THEIR daughter and sons, but Mr Darling worried constantly
about the family budget and the cost of such basic items as milk.
All of the families in THEIR London neighborhood hired nurses for THEIR children. The Darlings,
who didn’t have much money, « hired » a special kind of nurse : a large dog called Nana ! SHE performed
HER duties quite as well as any human nanny. SHE bathed and dressed the children, tended to THEM if
THEY woke crying in the night, and walked alongside THEM to school, keeping THEM safe when THEY
crossed streets. SHE even carried an umbrella in HER mouth so that THEY would stay dry in case of rain.
When Nana tucked Wendy, John, and Michael into bed, SHE always left the night light on, because
the children were frightened of the approaching Neverland. Each child had a different picture of this place
and the things that happened there, and in fact IT didn’t seem scary. IT was just that the children had an
uneasy feeling of losing control of THEIR surroundings and drifting off to that dream world where anything
might happen.
An unbelievable event was about to shatter the peaceful life of the Darling family, but there was no
hint of IT as Mrs Darling helped HER children get ready for bed one night.
IT was Nana’s night off. The mother gave the children THEIR baths and sang THEM to sleep. As
SHE sat sewing in the nursery, SHE too fell asleep.
SHE dreamt that the Neverland came too close and that a strange boy broke through ITS curtain and
approached Wendy, John, and Michael.
And in fact, while SHE was dreaming, a boy did enter the room through the open window ! HE
dropped swiftly to the floor. Dressed in a suit of leaves, HE carried a small light as HE flitted about the
nursery. The light awakened Mrs Darling. SHE gasped, knowing at once HE/IT was Peter Pan !
[Careful : think about the sex of a nurse, or nanny, who looks after children.]
2- a- Paul is very intelligent. HE goes to school regularly.

b- Mary is working very hard. SHE helps HER mother every day.
c- The children are big now. THEY work with THEIR father in the garden.
d- My teacher does not know how to drive. HE does not have a car. HE uses buses and trains.
e- I am not very old. MY brother is older than I/ME.

f- You are too young to go to Paris alone. YOU must go with YOUR mother or YOUR father.
g- We play football every Wednesday. WE like this sport very much. IT is good for OUR bodies.
h- You think skiing is good. So YOU must go to the mountains during YOUR holiday.
i- My friend Paul likes going to the swimming pool. HE goes there every Saturday. HE asks HIS brother Peter
to go with HIM.
j- A car has four wheels. IT also has two, three, four or five doors. My car is old. ITS colour is blue. But one of
ITS doors is red.
PLURALS AND QUANTIFIERS

1- Give the plurals of the following nouns.
a- a river.
b- a bag.
c- a box.
d- a church.
e- a bridge.
f- a cherry.
g- a berry.
h- a toy.
i- a house.
j- a rose.
k- a bus.
l- a mouth.
m- a youth.
n- a month.
o- a potato.
p- a negro.
q- a buffalo.
r- a photo.
s- a piano.
t- a ghetto.
u- a wife.
v- a thief.
w- a loaf.
x- a wolf.
y- a half.
z- a calf.
ai- a leaf.
bi- a life.
ci- a scarf.
di- a hoof.
ei- a wharf.
fi- a foot.
gi- a tooth.
hi- a goose.
ii- a mouse.
ji- a louse.
ki- an ox.
li- a child.
mi- a man.
ni- a woman.
oi- a penny.
pi- a policeman.
qi- a policewoman.
ri- a mailman.
si- a fireman.
ti- a gentleman.
ui- a gentlewoman.
vi- a field mouse.
wi- a house mouse.

xi- a computer mouse.
yi- a head louse.
zi- a body louse.
aii- a doorbell.
bii- a post office.
cii- a city hall.
dii- a truck driver.
eii- a train driver.
fii- a telephone technician.
gii- a computer specialist.
hii- a printer ink cartridge.
iii- a software program.
jii- a hardware dealer.
kii- a printing head.
lii- a TV cable.
mii- a hi-fi system.
nii- a record player.
oii- a tape recorder.
pii- a cassette recorder.
qii- a video cassette recorder.
rii- a radio.
2- Give the plural of the following abbreviations and then give what they stand for.
a- a TV.
b- a GUI.
c- a CD.
d- a VCR.
e- an MP.
f- a PD.
g- an FD.
h- a VIP.
i- an MD.
j- a VD.
k- a ROM.
l- a RAM.
m- a CDROM.
n- a CPU.
o- a PC.
3- Multiple Choice Questionnaire.

A- Working together, they cleaned the entire house in … time.
a- any b- such c- no d- not any
B- We have had a world war about … hundred years for the last four centuries.
a- all b- all the c- each d- every
C- He gives … help to others, and gets …
a- No … none b- no … any c- none … no d- none … none
D- … what he had written was unreadable.
a- The most b- Most c- Most of d- Almost
E- Britain is in … position to subsidize rich foreign students.
a- any b- some c- no d- every
F- … in such a poor country own anything at all except clothes, furniture and possibly a house.
a- A few people b- Few people c- People d- The people
G- We had a power failure … single day last week.
a- every b- either c- all d- each
H- They pressed both delegates to demand … £20 a week.
a- one another b- other c- each other d- another
I- Of the 100 countries for which accurate data are available, … 60 show a decline.
a- as many as b- as much as c- as numerous as d- so much as
J- … always get first choice.
a- Favored few b- A favored few c- A little favored d- Little favored
K- His grandmother had … of money.
a- much b- the most c- lots d- more
L- He made … secret of his extremist opinions.

a- no b- not c- none d- not any
M- This stuff is about as useful to us as … junk.
a- too much b- so much c- this much d- far too much
N- « We don’t have enough chairs for tonight. » « All right. How … more do you need ? »
a- others b- much c- many d- several
O- … idiot or … has put his advertisements through the letter-box.
a- Any … no b- Some … other c- Any … other d- No … either
P- Britain’s place in … tables is very near the bottom.
a- most of such b- most such c- most of like d- likeliest
Q- I doubt if there are … sweets left. You’d better give … chocolates to the children that haven’t had …
a- some … any … any b- any … some … any c- any … any … any d- some … some … any
R- The entire community was hanging on his … word.
a- every b- each c- many a d- any
S- In … years, the world will have changed a lot.
a- more ten b- ten others c- ten of more d- another ten
T- He hasn’t got … luggage.
a- many b- much c- few d- plenty
U- If … person is to be blamed, I think it is him.
a- anyone b- any one c- every d- someone
V- Unemployment has now reached its highest point in … month since World War II.
a- no b- some c- any d- no one
W- If they are poor, they are at … rate honest.
a- some b- no c- any d- other
X- … manufacturers are worrying about the future.
a- Most of b- Most the c- The most d- Most
Y- … mine are worn out.
a- Most of b- The most of c- Most of the d- Most
Z- Tell me … lies.
a- not any b- no c- none d- not
AI- … participant lived in the main building, but … had a separate room.
a- Every … each b- Each … every c- Any … each d- Some … every
BI- Now is ... time to think of baseball.
a- none b- some c- any d- no
CI- … buildings collapsed, and the remaining ones were partly destroyed.
a- The whole b- Whole c- All d- All the
DI- … progress has been made because students have had … incentives to work hard.
a- Little … few b- Few … few c- Little … many d- A few … a few
QU a b c d
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W

X
Y
Z
AI
BI
CI
DI
4- Circle the one possible quantifier, and then translate the sentences.
a- Some Americans feel (little, few, a few, many) pride for what American soldiers did in Panama.
b- Most San Franciscans displayed (little, a little, many, much, a few) generosity after the earthquake in San
Francisco.
c- Actually, there were (little, a little, many, much) people killed when the bridge collapsed.
d- There are (much, a few, a little, many) teenagers who are not concerned with pollution.
e- (few, a few, much, many, a little) discrimination keeps Afro-Americans low in standards of living.
f- (much, many, a little, little, few) white people in South Saint Louis resent sending their children to the
schools where Afro-American children go.
5- Classify the following indefinite quantifiers according to their being compatible with either « apple » or
« milk » : too much – so many – a few – a lot of – much – more – as many – fewer – several – a little – no –
lots of. Careful some can be used in both cases.
« milk » « apple »
6- Translate using « little/a little » or « few/a few ».
peu de pétrole
un peu de gaz naturel
peu d’usines (factory)
quelques magasins
peu d’espoir
peu d’emplois (job)
quelques entreprises (firm, company)
peu d’ouvriers qualifiés (skilled)
peu d’activités
peu de travail
quelques emplois
quelques chômeurs
un peu d’or
peu de matières premières (raw material)
peu de voitures
peu de circulation
quelques embouteillages (traffic jam)
peu de touristes
quelques camions
peu d’activité
7- Put in « much, many, few, or little ». Then translate the sentences.

a- He isn’t very popular. He has ……………………… friends and ……………….. enemies.
b- Ann is very busy these days. She has …………………….. free time.
c- Did you take ………………… photographs when you were on holiday ?

d- I’m not very busy today. I don’t have ………………….. to do, because I did ……………….. things
yesterday.
e- The museum was very crowded. There were too …………………… people.
f- Most of the town is modern. There are ………………. old buildings and …………………. new buildings.
g- The weather has been very dry recently. We’ve had ………………… rain and ……………… sunshine.
8- Put in « little, a little, few or a few ». Then translate the sentences.

a- We must be quick. We have …………………… time.
b- Listen carefully. I’m going to give you ……………………………… advice
c- Do you mind if I ask you ……………. questions ?
d- This town is not a very interesting place to visit. So ……………………… tourists come here.
e- I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She has ………………….. patience.
f- « Would you like milk in your coffee ? » « Yes, please. ……………………. . »
g- This is a very boring place to live in. There’s ……………………. to do and ………………. activities.
h- « Have you ever been to Paris ? » « Yes, I’ve been there ………………………… times. »
9- Use « many « or « much » in the following sentences. Then translate the sentences.
a- How ……………….. stars are there on the American flag ?
b- He never eats ………………. at breakfast.
c- There is ………………….. work to do.
d- Are there ……………….. things to do ?
e- Do you have ……………….. pets ?
f- He spends ……………… money on clothes.
g- ……………….. people think that this was too ……………… noise about nothing.
h- We had ………………….. difficulty finding his house.
i- He encountered ……………………. difficulties in his research.
j- ……………… time was wasted waiting for too ……………… people who arrived late.
k- I wish he wouldn’t come : he is one too ………………… on this trip.
CORRECTION
1- a- two rivers.
b- two bags.
c- two boxes.
d- two churches.
e- two bridges.
f- two cherries.
g- two berries.
h- two toys.
i- two houses.
j- two roses.
k- two buses.
l- two mouths.
m- two youths.
n- two months.
o- two potatoes.
p- two negroes.
q- two buffaloes/buffalos.
r- two photos.
s- two pianos.
t- two ghettos.
u- two wives.
v- two thieves.
w- two loaves.
x- two wolves.
y- two halves.
z- two calves.
ai- two leaves.
bi- two lives.
ci- two scarves.
di- two hooves.
ei- two wharves.
fi- two feet.

gi- two teeth.
hi- two geese.
ii- two mice.
ji- two lice.
ki- two oxen.
li- two children.
mi- two men.
ni- two women.
oi- two pennies/pence.
pi- two policemen.
qi- two policewomen.
ri- two mailmen.
si- two firemen.
ti- two gentlemen.
ui- two gentlewomen.
vi- two field mice.
wi- two house mice.
xi- two computer mice.
yi- two head lice.
zi- two body lice.
aii- two doorbells.
bii- two post offices.
cii- two city halls.
dii- two truck drivers.
eii- two train drivers.
fii- two telephone technicians.
gii- two computer specialists.
hii- two printer ink cartridges.
iii- two software programs.
jii- two hardware dealers.
kii- two printing heads.
lii- two TV cables.
mii- two hi-fi systems.
nii- two record players.
oii- two tape recorders.
pii- two cassette recorders.
qii- two video cassette recorders.
rii- two radios.
2- Give the plural of the following abbreviations and then give what they stand for.
a- two TVs, television.
b- two GUIs, graphic user interface.
c- two CDs, compact disc.
d- two VCRs, video cassette recorder.
e- two MPs, member of parliament.
f- two PDs, police department.
g- two FDs, fire department.
h- two VIPs, very important person.
i- two MDs, medical doctor.
j- two VDs, venereal disease.
k- two ROMs read only memory.
l- two RAMs, random access memory.
m- two CDROMs compact-disk-read-only-memory.
n- two CPUs, central processing unit.
o- two PCs, personal computer.
3-
QU a b c d
1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
4- a- Some Americans feel (little, few, a few, many) pride for what American soldiers did in Panama.
Quelques Américains sont peu fiers de ce que les soldats américains ont fait au Panama.
b- Most San Franciscans displayed (little, a little, many, much, a few) generosity after the earthquake in San
Francisco.
La plupart des San Franciscains ont fait preuve de beaucoup de générosité après le tremblement de terre à
San Francisco.
c- Actually, there were (little, a little, many, much) people killed when the bridge collapsed.
En fait il y eut beaucoup de morts quand le pont s’est écroulé.
d- There are (much, a few, a little, many) teenagers who are not concerned with pollution.
Il y a quelques adolescents qui ne se sentent pas concernés par la pollution.
e- (few, a few, much, many, a little) discrimination keeps Afro-Americans low in standards of living.
Beaucoup de discrimination maintient le niveau de vie des Afro-Américains bas.
f- (much, many, a little, little, few) white people in South Saint Louis resent sending their children to the
schools where Afro-American children go.
Beaucoup de blancs à Saint Louis Sud sont contre le fait d’envoyer leurs enfants dans les écoles où vont les
enfants Afro-Américains.
5-
« milk » « apple »
too much so many
a lot of a few
much a lot of
more more
a little as many
no fewer
lots of several
no
lots of
6-
peu de pétrole little oil
un peu de gaz naturel a little natural gas
peu d’usines (factory) few factories
quelques magasins a few stores

peu d’espoir little hope
peu d’emplois (job) few jobs
quelques entreprises (firm, company) a few firms, a few companies
peu d’ouvriers qualifiés (skilled) few skilled workers
peu d’activités few activities
peu de travail little work
quelques emplois a few jobs
quelques chômeurs a few unemployed people
un peu d’or a little gold
peu de matières premières (raw material) few raw materials
peu de voitures few cars
peu de circulation little traffic
quelques embouteillages (traffic jam) a few traffic jams
peu de touristes few tourists
quelques camions a few trucks (lorries)
peu d’activité little activity
7- a- He isn’t very popular. He has few friends and many enemies.

Il est peu populaire. Il a peu d’amis et beaucoup d’ennemis.
b- Ann is very busy these days. She has little free time.
Ann est très occupée en ce moment. Elle a peu de temps libre.
c- Did you take many photographs when you were on holiday ?
As-tu pris beaucoup de photos pendant tes vacances.
d- I’m not very busy today. I don’t have much to do, because I did many things yesterday.
Je ne suis pas très occupé aujourd’hui. Je n’ai pas grand chose à faire car j’ai fait beaucoup de choses hier.
e- The museum was very crowded. There were too many people.
Le musée était comble. Il y avait trop de gens.
f- Most of the town is modern. There are few old buildings and many new buildings.
La plus grande partie de la ville est moderne. Il y a peu de vieux bâtiments et beaucoup de bâtiments neufs.
g- The weather has been very dry recently. We’ve had little rain and much sunshine.
Le temps a été très sec récemment. Nous avons eu peu de pluie et beaucoup de soleil.
8- a- We must be quick. We have little time.

Nous devons faire vite. Nous avons peu de temps.
b- Listen carefully. I’m going to give you a little advice
Ecoute attentivement. Je vais te donner quelques conseils.
c- Do you mind if I ask you a few questions ?
Est-ce que cela te gêne si je te pose quelques questions ?
d- This town is not a very interesting place to visit. So few tourists come here.
Cette ville est peu intéressante à visiter. Aussi peu de touristes y viennent.
e- I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She has little patience.
Je ne pense pas que Jill serait un bon professeur. Elle a peu de patience.
f- « Would you like milk in your coffee ? » « Yes, please. A little . »
Veux-tu du lait dans ton café ? Oui, s’il te plaît, un peu
g- This is a very boring place to live in. There’s little to do and few activities.
C’est un endroit où vivre est source d’ennui. Il y a peu à faire et peu d’activités.
h- « Have you ever been to Paris ? » « Yes, I’ve been there a few times. »
Es-tu jamais allé à Paris ? Oui, j’y suis allé quelques fois.
9- a- How many stars are there on the American flag ?

Combien d’étoiles y a-t-il sur le drapeau américain ?
b- He never eats much at breakfast.
Il ne mange jamais beaucoup au petit déjeuner.
c- There is little work to do.
Il y a peu d etravail à faire.
d- Are there many things to do ?
Y a-t-il beaucoup de choses à faire ?
e- Do you have many pets ?
As-tu beaucoup d’animaux de maison ?
f- He spends much money on clothes.
Il dépense beaucoup d’argent pour s’habiller.
g- Many people think that this was too much noise about nothing.

Beaucoup de gens pensent que c’était beaucoup de bruit pour rien.
h- We had much difficulty finding his house.
Nous avons eu beaucoup de difficultés à trouver sa maison.
i- He encountered many difficulties in his research.
Il a rencontré beaucoup de difficultés dans sa recherche.
j- Much time was wasted waiting for too many people who arrived late.
Beaucoup de temps fut perdu à attendre trop de gens qui arrivèrent en retard.
k- I wish he wouldn’t come : he is one too many on this trip.
J’aimerais qu’il ne vienne pas : il est de trop pour cet excursion.

1- Insert a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun or a possessive adjective when and where necessary.
a- After deliberating for three hours, the jury still hadn’t made up … minds.
b- He was walking about, … hands in … pockets.
c- She is really pretty and … clothes are perfect.
d- I’ll never let a friend of … say that.
e- We should buy a present for the Wilsons. We owe it to … really.
f- We’d better leave my car and take … It’s much faster.
g- What a beautiful dog you have! When I lived in Ireland I also had a setter but … was smaller than …
h- The police certainly have … own methods to find burglars.
i- I knocked at the door, and heard a voice inside saying “Who’s there?” “It’s …” I answered, “Jane Ford”.
j- I’m surprised we didn’t win the prize. I’m sure … performance was better than theirs.
2- Use a possessive pronoun or a possessive adjective.

a- Anyway, she has lost … camera. What shall I do now?
b- The gentleman did not want … children to be educated in that school.
c- She liked David, but she found … exuberance too noticeable.
d- They were on … bicycles.
e- Could you tell me why … back aches, Doctor?
f- I have not got mine, can you lend me … ?
g- His hair was dark, but … was long and soft; she looked like a goddess.
h- He had promised to introduce me to a friend of …
i- Don’t talk about that boat of … again.
j- No thanks, we have already taken … share.
3- Complete the dialogues on the following model.

A- It’s your car, isn’t it? B- No, it isn’t mine. C- Whose car is it then?
a- A- It’s her umbrella, … B- … C- …
b- A- These are their cameras,… B- … C- …
c- A- It’s our responsibility,… B- … C- ….
d- A- They are his houses, … b- … C- …
4- Fill in the blanks with possessive adjectives or pronouns.

a- They came in with … hats on … heads.
b- He gave me one of … books.
c- That was … fault. She was running too fast.
d- Give me that record! It’s not … It’s …
e- Driving …’s own car always seems easier.
CORRECTION
1- a- After deliberating for three hours, the jury still hadn’t made up THEIR minds.
b- He was walking about, HIS hands in HIS pockets. [hands in pockets is possible]
c- She is really pretty and HER clothes are perfect.
d- I’ll never let a friend of MINE say that.
e- We should buy a present for the Wilsons. We owe it to THEM really.
f- We’d better leave my car and take YOURS. It’s much faster.
g- What a beautiful dog you have! When I lived in Ireland I also had a setter but MINE was smaller than
YOURS.

h- The police certainly have THEIR own methods to find burglars.
i- I knocked at the door, and heard a voice inside saying “Who’s there?” “It’s ME [I]” I answered, “Jane Ford”.
j- I’m surprised we didn’t win the prize. I’m sure OUR performance was better than theirs.
2- a- Anyway, she has lost HER (MY) camera. What shall I do now?
b- The gentleman did not want HIS children to be educated in that school.
c- She liked David, but she found HIS exuberance too noticeable.
d- They were on THEIR bicycles.
e- Could you tell me why MY back aches, Doctor?
f- I have not got mine, can you lend me YOURS ?
g- His hair was dark, but HERS was long and soft; she looked like a goddess.
h- He had promised to introduce me to a friend of HIS.
i- Don’t talk about that boat of MINE (YOURS) again.
j- No thanks, we have already taken OUR share.
3- a- A- It’s her umbrella, isn’t it? B- No, it isn’t hers C- Whose umbrella is it then?
b- A- These are their cameras, aren’t they? B- No, they aren’t theirs. C- Whose cameras are they then?
c- A- It’s our responsibility, isn’t it? B- No, it isn’t ours. C- Whose responsibility is it then?
d- A- They are his houses, aren’t they? b- No, they are not his. C- Whose houses are they then?
4- a- They came in with THEIR hats on THEIR heads.

b- He gave me one of HIS books.
c- That was HER fault. She was running too fast.
d- Give me that record! It’s not YOURS. It’s MINE.
e- Driving ONE’s own car always seems easier.

1- Insert a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun or a possessive adjective when and where necessary.
a- After deliberating for three hours, the jury still hadn’t made up … minds.
b- He was walking about, … hands in … pockets.
c- She is really pretty and … clothes are perfect.
d- I’ll never let a friend of … say that.
e- We should buy a present for the Wilsons. We owe it to … really.
f- We’d better leave my car and take … It’s much faster.
g- What a beautiful dog you have! When I lived in Ireland I also had a setter but … was smaller than …
h- The police certainly have … own methods to find burglars.
i- I knocked at the door, and heard a voice inside saying “Who’s there?” “It’s …” I answered, “Jane Ford”.
j- I’m surprised we didn’t win the prize. I’m sure … performance was better than theirs.
2- Use a possessive pronoun or a possessive adjective.

a- Anyway, she has lost … camera. What shall I do now?
b- The gentleman did not want … children to be educated in that school.
c- She liked David, but she found … exuberance too noticeable.
d- They were on … bicycles.
e- Could you tell me why … back aches, Doctor?
f- I have not got mine, can you lend me … ?
g- His hair was dark, but … was long and soft; she looked like a goddess.
h- He had promised to introduce me to a friend of …
i- Don’t talk about that boat of … again.
j- No thanks, we have already taken … share.
3- Complete the dialogues on the following model.

A- It’s your car, isn’t it? B- No, it isn’t mine. C- Whose car is it then?
a- A- It’s her umbrella, … B- … C- …
b- A- These are their cameras,… B- … C- …
c- A- It’s our responsibility,… B- … C- ….
d- A- They are his houses, … b- … C- …
4- Fill in the blanks with possessive adjectives or pronouns.

a- They came in with … hats on … heads.
b- He gave me one of … books.
c- That was … fault. She was running too fast.
d- Give me that record! It’s not … It’s …
e- Driving …’s own car always seems easier.
CORRECTION
1- a- After deliberating for three hours, the jury still hadn’t made up THEIR minds.
b- He was walking about, HIS hands in HIS pockets. [hands in pockets is possible]
c- She is really pretty and HER clothes are perfect.
d- I’ll never let a friend of MINE say that.
e- We should buy a present for the Wilsons. We owe it to THEM really.
f- We’d better leave my car and take YOURS. It’s much faster.
g- What a beautiful dog you have! When I lived in Ireland I also had a setter but MINE was smaller than
YOURS.
h- The police certainly have THEIR own methods to find burglars.
i- I knocked at the door, and heard a voice inside saying “Who’s there?” “It’s ME [I]” I answered, “Jane Ford”.
j- I’m surprised we didn’t win the prize. I’m sure OUR performance was better than theirs.
2- a- Anyway, she has lost HER (MY) camera. What shall I do now?
b- The gentleman did not want HIS children to be educated in that school.
c- She liked David, but she found HIS exuberance too noticeable.
d- They were on THEIR bicycles.
e- Could you tell me why MY back aches, Doctor?
f- I have not got mine, can you lend me YOURS ?
g- His hair was dark, but HERS was long and soft; she looked like a goddess.
h- He had promised to introduce me to a friend of HIS.
i- Don’t talk about that boat of MINE (YOURS) again.
j- No thanks, we have already taken OUR share.
3- a- A- It’s her umbrella, isn’t it? B- No, it isn’t hers C- Whose umbrella is it then?
b- A- These are their cameras, aren’t they? B- No, they aren’t theirs. C- Whose cameras are they then?
c- A- It’s our responsibility, isn’t it? B- No, it isn’t ours. C- Whose responsibility is it then?
d- A- They are his houses, aren’t they? b- No, they are not his. C- Whose houses are they then?
4- a- They came in with THEIR hats on THEIR heads.

b- He gave me one of HIS books.
c- That was HER fault. She was running too fast.
d- Give me that record! It’s not YOURS. It’s MINE.
e- Driving ONE’s own car always seems easier.
PRESENT PERFECT
PLUPERFECT
1- You are writing a letter to a friend. In the letter you give news about yourself and other people. Use the
words given to make sentences. Use the present perfect.
Dear Chris,
a- Lots of things .............................................. (happen) since I last wrote to you.
b- I/buy/a new car ...................................................................................................................
c- my father/start/a new job ....................................................................................................
d- I/give up/smoking ...............................................................................................................
e- Charles and Sarah/go/to Brazil ...........................................................................................
f- Suzanne/have/a baby .........................................................................................................
2- Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:
arrive break go up grow improve lose
and use the present perfect
a- Mike is looking for his key. he can't find it. He .....................................................................

b- Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She ...............................................................
c- Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is much better. She .............................................
d- Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. He ..............................................
e- This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. It ........................................................
f- Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. It .........................................................
3- Complete the sentences using the words in brackets.

a- Would you like something to eat? -- No, thanks. I .............................................. lunch (just/have)
b- Do you know where Julia is? -- Yes, I .............................................. her. (just/see)
c- What time is David Leaving? -- He .............................................. (already/leave)
d- What's in the newspaper today? -- I don't know. I .............................................. (not/read/it/yet)
e- Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? -- No, she .............................................. the film. (already/see)
f- Are your friends here yet? -- Yes, they .............................................. (just/arrive)
g- What does Tim think about your plan? -- I .............................................. (not/tell/him/yet)
4- Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
a- After lunch, you go to see a friend at her house. She says, "Would you like something to eat?" You say:
No, thank you. .............................................. (have/lunch)
b- Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, "Can I speak to Joe?" You say: I'm
afraid .............................................. (go out)
c- You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You
say: Wait a minute! .............................................. (not/finish)
d- You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says, "Shall I
phone to reserve a table?" You say: No, .............................................. it. (do)
e- You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You
say: ..............................................? (find)
f- Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks "Is Ann still at the bank?" You
say: No, .............................................. (come back)
5- Put in been or gone. Then translate.

a- Jim is on holiday. he's .............................................. to Italy.
b- Hello! I've just .............................................. to the shops. I've bought lots of things.
c- Alice isn't here at the moment. She's .............................................. to the shop to get a newspaper.
d- Tom has .............................................. out. He'll be back in about an hour.
e- "Are you going to the bank?" "No, I've already .............................................. to the bank."
6- You are asking somebody about things he or she has done. Make questions from the words in brackets.
a- (ever/ride/horse) .................................................................................................................
b- (ever/be/California) .............................................................................................................
c- (ever/run/marathon) ............................................................................................................
d- (ever/speak/famous person) ...............................................................................................
e- (always/live/in this town) .....................................................................................................
f- (beautiful places/ever/visit) ..........................................................................................
7- Complete the answers. Be careful with negative forms. Use a verb from this list :
be be eat happen have meet play read see see try
a- What's George's sister like? -- I've no idea. I .............................................. her.
b- How is Amy these days? -- I don't know. I .............................................. her recently.
c- Are you hungry? -- Yes, I .............................................. much today.
d- Can you play chess? -- Yes, but I .............................................. for ages.
e- Did you enjoy your holiday? -- Yes it's the best holiday I .............................................. for a long time.
f- What's that book like? -- I don't know. I .............................................. it.
g- Is Brussels an interesting place? -- I've no idea. I .............................................. there.
h- Mike was late for work again today. -- Again? He .............................................. every day this week.
i- Do you like caviar? -- I don't- know. I .............................................. it.
j- The car broke down again yesterday. -- Not again! That's the second time it ..............................................
this week.
k- Who's that woman by the door? -- I don't know. I .............................................. before.
8- Complete these sentences using today/this year/this term/etc.

a- I saw Tom yesterday but I ..............................................
b- I read a newspaper yesterday but I ..............................................
c- Last year the company made a profit but it ..............................................

d- Tracy worked hard at school last term but she ..............................................
e- It snowed a lot last winter but it ..............................................
f- Our football team won a lot of games last season but we ..............................................
9- Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the examples.

a- Jack is driving a car but he's very nervous and not sure what to do.
You ask: Have you driven a car before?
He says: No, this is the first time I've driven a car.
b- Len is playing tennis. He's not very good and he doesn't know the rules.
You ask: ..............................................
He says: ..............................................
c- Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable.
You ask: ..............................................
She says: ..............................................
d- Maria is in London. She's just arrived and it's very new for her.
You ask: ..............................................
She says: ..............................................
10- Write the verb in brackets in the simple present perfect. Then translate the sentence.
a- Millions of music lovers (become) addicted to the crisp clear sound of the compact disc.
b- The marriage of micro-electronics, telecommunications and computer programming (transform) computing
and data processing from an expensive and specialized activity into a cheap market.
c- The most successful memory in modern computers for nearly 20 years (be) the magnetic core variety,
consisting of thousands of tiny iron beads.
d- Almost every human Endeavour (benefit) from the invention of the computer.
e- By manipulating vast amounts of data at high speed, the computer (enable) us to solve scientific,
technical, financial, and administrative problems that used to be far beyond our practical ability.
11- Rewrite the precedent sentences using the pluperfect and add a temporal element justifying the use of
this tense.
12- Write the verbs in the present perfect or the pluperfect according to the context and add « for » or “since”
when necessary.
a- Up to now, the police security systems (prove) to be efficient enough.
b- I (be) in the workshop ... ten o'clock when the telephone rang.
c- They (be married) ... ten years when I met them.
d- The word "robotics" (be used) ... Isaac Asimov created it.
e- They (show) that commercial ... weeks now.
f- I see that you (buy) a new computer. Was it expensive?
g- Hacking (bedevil) the computer business ... its birth.
13- Turn the sentences of the previous exercise into

a- the interrogative form,
b- the negative form,
c- the interro-negative form.
Then give the question-tag of each of these sentences
14- Translate into French

a- The video spectral comparator, as the device is called, has also identified each separate forgery in MOT
certificates which had been altered several times.
b- The best-selling word processor for PCs has now been made available for Macintosh machines,
strengthening further the links between the two worlds.
c- Matra, the French electronics and defense group, has clinched a $100m (75m) deal... The bidding battle
for the deal has been intense.
d- Microsoft had always met its customers' requirements until demand became too high.
e- They informed me that they had just received a big order from Japan.
f- Although security systems have improved, hacking has never stopped growing.

a- Depuis cinq jours le dollar continue de monter. Depuis lundi il a gagné plus de trente centimes.
b- D'énormes progrès ont été réalisés dans le domaine de l'électronique au cours des dix dernières années.
c- Une nouvelle gamme de produits a été fournie à un groupe français, Matra.
d- Deux dates avaient été annoncées pour le lancement de ce nouveau produit.

e- Il y a quatre ans une catastrophe a failli se produire dans une centrale nucléaire parce qu'un programme
malveillant avait été introduit dans l'ordinateur.
f- Le nouveau clavier détachable a été conçu pour être encore plus agréable a utiliser.
16- Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. Use the pluperfect
a- You went to Jill's house but she wasn't there. (she/go/out)
b- You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before. (it/change/a lot)
c- I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn't come. (she/arrange/to do something else)
d- You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film/already/begin)
e- I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (I/not/see/him for five years)
f- I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn't hungry. (she/just/have/breakfast)
17- Put the verb in the correct form, pluperfect or preterite

a- "Was Tom at the party when you arrived? ---No, he ... (go) home."
b- I felt very tired when I got home, so I ... (go) straight to bed.
c- The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ... (go) to bed.
d- Sorry I'm late. The car ... (break) down on my way here.
e- We were driving along the road when we ... (see) a car which ... (break) down, so we ... (stop) to see if we
could help.
18- Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the progressive pluperfect.
a- I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/work/hard all day)
b- The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football)
c- There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody/smoke/in the room)
d- Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn't know where she was. (she/dream)
e- When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (he/watch/TV)
19- Put the verb into the most suitable form, progressive preterite, pluperfect or progressive pluperfect
a- It was very noisy next door. Our neighbors ... (have) a party.
b- We were good friends. We ... (know) each other for a long time.
c- John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he ... (walk) so fast.
d- Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She ... (run).
e- When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their
stomachs were full. They ... (eat).
f- When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They ... (eat).
g- Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ... (look) for his contacts.
h- When I arrived, Kate ... (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she ...
(wait) for a very long time.
i- I was sad when I sold my car. I ... (have) it for a long time.
j- We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We ... (travel) for more than 24 hours.
CORRECTION
1- a- Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
b- I have bought a new car.
c- My father has started a new job.
d- I have given up smoking.
e- Charles and Sarah have gone to Brazil.
f- Suzanne has had a baby.
2- a- Mike is looking for his key. he can't find it. He has lost them.
b- Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She has broken it.
c- Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is much better. She has improved.
d- Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. He has grown one.
e- This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. It has arrived.
f- Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. It has gone up.
3- a- Would you like something to eat? -- No, thanks. I have just had lunch.
b- Do you know where Julia is? -- Yes, I have just seen her.
c- What time is David leaving? -- He has already left.
d- What's in the newspaper today? -- I don't know. I haven’t read it yet.
e- Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? -- No, she has already seen the film.
f- Are your friends here yet? -- Yes, they have just arrived.

g- What does Tim think about your plans ? -- I haven’t told him yet.
4- a- After lunch, you go to see a friend at her house. She says, "Would you like something to eat?" You say:
No, thank you. I have just had lunch.
b- Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, "Can I speak to Joe?" You say: I'm
afraid he has already gone out.
c- You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You
say: Wait a minute! I haven’t finished yet.
d- You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says, "Shall I
phone to reserve a table?" You say: No, I have already done it.
e- You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say:
Have you already found a job?
f- Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks "Is Ann still at the bank?" You
say: No, she hasn’t come back yet.
5- a- Jim is on holiday. He's GONE to Italy. Jim est en vacances. Il est allé en Italie.
b- Hello! I've just BEEN to the shops. I've bought lots of things. Salut ! Je viens de faire le tour des magasins.
J’ai acheté plein de choses.
c- Alice isn't here at the moment. She's GONE to the shop to get a newspaper. Alice n’est pas ici pour
l’instant. Elle est allée au bureau de tabac pour acheter un journal.
d- Tom has GONE out. He'll be back in about an hour. Tom est sorti. Il reviendra dans environ une heure.
e- "Are you going to the bank?" "No, I've already BEEN to the bank." « Allez-vous à la banque ? » « Non, je
suis déjà allé à la banque. »
6- a- Have you ever ridden a horse ?

b- Have you ever been to California ?
c- Have you ever run the marathon ?
d- Have you ever spoken to a famous person ?
e- Have you always lived in this town ?
f- Have you ever visited beautiful places ?
7- a- What's George's sister like? -- I've no idea. I haven’t met her.

b- How is Amy these days? -- I don't know. I haven’t seen her recently.
c- Are you hungry? -- Yes, I haven’t eaten much today.
d- Can you play chess? -- Yes, but I haven’t played for ages.
e- Did you enjoy your holiday? -- Yes it's the best holiday I have had / have ever had for a long time.
f- What's that book like? -- I don't know. I haven’t read it.
g- Is Brussels an interesting place? -- I've no idea. I have never been there.
h- Mike was late for work again today. -- Again? He has been late every day this week.
i- Do you like caviar? -- I don't know. I haven’t tried it.
j- The car broke down again yesterday. -- Not again! That's the second time it has happened this week.
k- Who's that woman by the door? -- I don't know. I have never seen her before.
8- a- I saw Tom yesterday but I haven’t seen him today.

b- I read a newspaper yesterday but I haven’t read one today.
c- Last year the company made a profit but it hasn’t this year.
d- Tracy worked hard at school last term but she hasn’t worked much this term.
e- It snowed a lot last winter but it hasn’t snowed at all this winter.
f- Our football team won a lot of games last season but we haven’t won one this season.
9- b- Len is playing tennis. He's not very good and he doesn't know the rules.
You ask: Have you played tennis before ?
He says: No, this is the first time I have played tennis.
c- Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable.
You ask: Have you ridden a horse before ?
She says: No, this is the first time I have ridden a horse.
d- Maria is in London. She's just arrived and it's very new for her.
You ask: Have you been to London before ?
She says: No, this is the first time I have been to London.
10- a- have become. Des millions d'amateurs de musique sont devenus dépendants du son clair et net du
disque compact.
b- has transformed. Le mariage de la micro-informatique, des télécommunications et de la programmation

pour ordinateur a transformé l'informatique et le traitement de données d'une activité spécialisée et chère en
une activité commerciale bon marché.
c- has been. La mémoire la plus couronnée de succès dans les ordinateurs modernes depuis presque vingt
ans c'est le type à tores magnétiques qui se compose de milliers de minuscules "billes" (tores) métalliques.
d- has benefited Presque toutes les activités humaines ont profité de l'invention de l'ordinateur.
e- has enabled. En manipulant de vastes quantités de données à grande vitesse, l'ordinateur nous a permis
de résoudre des problèmes scientifiques, techniques, financiers et administratifs qui étaient autrefois bien au
delà de nos capacités pratiques.
11- a- had become ... when it became a fad to recapture the old imperfect sound of the original recordings of
the 30s or the 40s. ... étaient devenus dépendants... quand c'est devenu une mode de retrouver le vieux son
imparfait des enregistrements originaux des années trente et quarante.
b- had transformed... when the Government finally decided to teach those techniques at school to all
students. ... avait transformé ... quand le Gouvernement finalement décida d'enseigner ces techniques en
classe à tous les étudiants.
c- had been... when IBM and Macintosh signed their famous agreement. ... c'était... quand IBM et Macintosh
signèrent leur célèbre accord.
d- had benefited ... when HDTV finally arrived on the market. ... avaient profité... quand le télévision haute
définition arriva finalement sur le marché.
e- had enabled ... when a new generation of informatics permitted us to go even farther. ... nous avait permis
de... quand une nouvelle génération d'informatique nous a permis d'aller encore plus loin.
12- a- Up to now, the police security systems have proved to be efficient enough. Jusqu'à présent les
systèmes de sécurité de la police ont prouvé qu'ils étaient suffisamment efficaces (se sont révélés
suffisamment efficaces).
b- I had been in the workshop since ten o'clock when the telephone rang. J'étais dans l'atelier depuis dix
heures quand le téléphone sonna.
c- They had been married for ten years when I met them. Ils étaient mariés depuis dix ans quand je les ai
rencontrés.
d- The word "robotics" has been used since Isaac Asimov created it. Le mot "robotique" est employé depuis
qu'Isaac Asimov l'a créé.
e- They have shown that commercial for weeks now. Ils montrent cette publicité depuis des semaines
maintenant. Cela fait maintenant des semaines qu'ils montrent cette publicité. Il y a des semaines
maintenant qu'ils montrent cette publicité.
f- I see that you have bought a new computer. Was it expensive? Je vois que tu as acheté un nouvel
ordinateur. Etait-il cher?
g- Hacking has been bedeviling (has bedeviled) the computer business since its birth. Le piratage
empoisonne l'industrie informatique depuis sa naissance.
13- a- Have the police security systems up to now proved to be efficient enough?
The police security systems have not up to now proved to be efficient enough.
Haven't the police security systems up to now proved to be efficient enough.
haven't they? haven't they? have they? have they?
b- Had I (you) been in the workshop since ten o'clock when the telephone rang?
I (you) had not been in the workshop since ten o'clock when the telephone rang.
Hadn't I (you) been in the workshop since ten o'clock when the telephone rang?
hadn't I? hadn't I (you)? had I (you)? had I (you)?
c- Had they been married for ten years when I met them?
They had not been married for ten years when I met them.
Hadn't they been married for ten years when I met them?
hadn't they? hadn't they? had they? had they?
d- Has the word "robotics" been used since Isaac Asimov created it?
The word "robotics" has not been used since Isaac Asimov created it.
Hasn't the word "robotics" been used since Isaac Asimov created it
hasn't it? hasn't it? has it? has it?
e- Have they shown that commercial for weeks now?
They have not shown that commercial for weeks now.
Haven't they shown that commercial for weeks now?
haven't they? haven't they? have they? have they?
f- Do I see (Do you see) that you (I) have bought a new computer?
I don't see (You don't see) that you (I) have bought a new computer.
Don't I see (Don't you see) that you (I) have bought a new computer?
don't I? don't I (don't you)? do I (do you)? do I (do you)?

g- Has hacking bedeviled the computer business since its birth?
Hacking has not bedeviled the computer business since its birth.
Hasn't hacking bedeviled the computer business since its birth?
hasn’t it? hasn't it? has it? has it?
14- a- Le comparateur spectral vidéo, comme on appelle ce système, a également identifié toutes les
différentes modifications effectuées sur des certificats MOT qui avaient été modifiés plusieurs fois.
b- Le traitement de texte le plus populaire pour PCs est aujourd’hui disponible pour les machines Macintosh,
renforçant encore davantage les liens entre ces deux mondes.
c- Matra, le groupe français d'électronique et d'armement a décroché un marché de 100 millions de dollars...
La bataille de l'appel d'offre pour ce marché a été très dure.
d- Microsoft avait toujours satisfait les demandes de ses clients jusqu'au jour où la demande est devenue
trop forte.
e- Ils m'informèrent qu'ils venaient de recevoir une grosse commande du Japon.
f- Bien que les systèmes de sécurité se soient améliorés, le piratage n'a jamais cessé d'augmenter.
15- a- For five days the dollar has gone on rising. It has gained more than thirty centimes.
b- Enormous progress has been made in the field of electronics over the last ten years.
c- A new range of products has been supplied to the French group Matra.
d- Two dates had been announced for the release of this new product.
e- Four years ago a disaster nearly occurred in a nuclear power plant because a malicious program had
been introduced into the computer.
f- The new, detachable keyboard has been designed to be even more pleasant to use.
16- a- She had gone out.

b- It had changed a lot.
c- She had arranged to do something else.
d- The film had already begun.
e- I hadn’t seen him for five years.
f- She had just had breakfast.
17- a- "Was Tom at the party when you arrived? ---No, he HAD GONE home."
b- I felt very tired when I got home, so I WENT straight to bed.
c- The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody HAD GONE to bed.
d- Sorry I'm late. The car BROKE down on my way here.
e- We were driving along the road when we SAW a car which HAD BROKEN down, so we STOPPED to see
if we could help.
18- a- I had been working hard all day.

b- They had been playing football.
c- Somebody had been smoking in the room.
d- She had been dreaming.
e- He had been watching TV.
19- a- It was very noisy next door. Our neighbors WERE HAVING a party.
b- We were good friends. We HAD KNOWN each other for a long time.
c- John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he WAS WALKING so fast.
d- Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She HAD BEEN RUNNING.
e- When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their
stomachs were full. They HAD EATEN / HAD BEEN EATING.
f- When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They WERE EATING.
g- Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He WAS LOOKING for his contacts.
h- When I arrived, Kate WAS WAITING for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she
HAD BEEN WAITING for a very long time.
i- I was sad when I sold my car. I HAD HAD it for a long time.
j- We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We HAD BEEN TRAVELLING for more than 24 hours.
PRETERITE CONDITIONAL
1- Turn into the preterite and then into the conditional (add an IF clause in this latter case).

a- My father sings a song.
b- My mother will work hard.
c- My brother has a red book.
d- My sister is a good pupil.
e- My friend travels a lot.
f- My uncle eats a sandwich.
g- My grandmother will wash my shirt.
h- My grandfather has a blue hat.
i- My cousins are young children.
j- My neighbor studies English.
k- The man drinks a glass of water.
l- The woman will arrive tomorrow.
m- The boy has a long nose.
n- The girls are very young.
o- The dog barks violently.
p- The dog eats a lot.
q- The cat will run tomorrow.
r- The elephant has a long trunk.
s- The cows are very big.
t- The flower smells nice.
u- My father reads two newspapers and writes many letters.
v- My mother will work hard and rest little.
w- My brother has a red book and my sister has a blue hat.
x- My cousin is a good pupil but she is a bad cook.
y- My friend travels a lot by sea but he flies little.
CORRECTION
1- a- My father sang a song.
My father would sing a song if he could.

b- My mother worked hard.
My mother would work hard if she had to.
c- My brother had a red book.
My brother would have a red book if he had bought one.
d- My sister was a good pupil.
My sister would be a good pupil if she studied more.
e- My friend travelled a lot.
My friend would travel a lot if he had time.
f- My uncle ate a sandwich.
My uncle would eat a sandwich if he had one.
g- My grandmother washed my shirt.
My grandmother would wash my shirt if she had a washing machine.
h- My grandfather had a blue hat.
My grandfather would have a blue hat if he was still young.
i- My cousins were young children.
My cousins would be young children if we were in 1952.
j- My neighbor studied English.
My neighbor would study English if he was a student.
k- The man drank a glass of water.
The man would drink a glass of water if he was thirsty.
l- The woman arrived yesterday.
The woman would arrive tomorrow, if she had to.
m- The boy had a long nose.
The boy would have a long nose if he was Pinocchio.
n- The girls were very young.
The girls would be very young if we were in 1965.
o- The dog barked violently.
The dog would bark violently if the postman was coming.
p- The dog ate a lot.
The dog would eat a lot if I was rich.
q- The cat ran yesterday.

The cat would run tomorrow if it was not sick.
r- The elephant had a long trunk.
The elephant would have a long trunk if it has not been cut off.
s- The cows were very big.
The cows would be very big if they ate a lot.
t- The flower smelled nice.
The flower would smell nice if it was not polluted.
u- My father read two newspapers and wrote many letters.
My father would read two newspapers and write many letters if he had time.
v- My mother worked hard and rested little.
My mother would work hard and rest little if she was alive.
w- My brother had a red book and my sister had a blue hat.
My brother would have a red book and my sister would have a blue hat if they were here.
x- My cousin was a good pupil but she was a bad cook.
My cousin would be a good pupil but she would be a bad cook if she had studied math.
y- My friend travelled a lot by sea but he flew little.
My friend would travel a lot by sea but he would fly little if he could still move.
QUESTIONS TAGS
1- Give the necessary question tag.
a- You must go to school.
b- We don’t think such a thing possible.
c- The teacher laughed back.
d- Paul is sure of this.
e- All Paul has told you so far is already known.
f- The musician was satisfied that the concert was perfect.
g- Angela has just arrived to the City Hall.
h- Don’t you ever dream of being free again?
i- He shall take his little outing in a minute.
j- Paul has had little time to consider the situation.
2- Give the necessary question tag.

a- We must cross the bridge.
b- I don’t think it possible.
c- The professor smiled back.
d- I’m sure of it.
e- All I have told you so far is already known to my enemies.
f- The professor was satisfied that the lesson had been learned.
g- Angela has come to the lunatic asylum.
h- Don’t you ever think of being free again.
i- He shall have his little outing.
j- Eve had had time to consider the word gun.
3- Complete the sentences with question tags.

a- Everybody’s happy, …?
b- He came here yesterday,…?
c- I am cruel, …?
d- Let’s begin the experience, …?
e- You can’t speak English, …?
f- He plays football very well, …?
g- One can’t complain, …?
h- There is no other solution,…?
i- Come here, …?
j- Curious, …?
4- Give the question tag of the following sentences.

a- Did it freeze very hard last night?
b- He ran and caught the bus?
c- She did not speak to him.

d- Didn’t the dog bite the child?
e- Nigel brought the camera.
5- Give the question tags.

a- He is a fool to do that.
b- Did he make his doctor his heir?
c- He must rise early tomorrow.
d- John would like to please everyone.
e- The children were bold enough to go swimming in the river.
f- The lady did not want to get up when the Queen entered.
g- Didn’t you go to London last year?
h- He’s invented a system different from the one that already existed.
i- They’d have tea in the garden.
j- Did you have to sleep that late?
CORRECTION
1- a- mustn’t you?
b- do we?
c- didn’t he?
d- isn’t he?
e- hasn’t he? is wrong: the question tag has to apply to the verb of the main clause: isn’t it?
f- wasn’t he?
g- hasn’t she?
h- do you?
i- shan’t he?
j- hadn’t he?
2- a- mustn’t we?
b- do I?
c- didn’t he?
d- ain’t I?
e- haven’t I? is wrong because the question tag has to apply to the verb of the main clause: isn’t it?
f- wasn’t he?
g- hasn’t she?
h- do you?
i- shan’t he?
j- hadn’t she?
3- a- Everybody’s happy, aren’t they ?

b- He came here yesterday, didn’t he ?
c- I am cruel, ain’t I ?
d- Let’s begin the experience, shall we ?
e- You can’t speak English, can you ?
f- He plays football very well, doesn’t he ?
g- One can’t complain, can they ?
h- There is no other solution, is there ?
i- Come here, will you ?
j- Curious, isn’t it ? (aren’t you?)
4- a- Didn’t it?
b- Didn’t he?
c- Did she?
d- Did it?
e- Didn’t he?
5- a- isn’t he?
b- didn’t he?
c- mustn’t he?
d- wouldn’t he?
e- weren’t they?
f- did she?
g- did you?

h- hasn’t he?
i- wouldn’t they?
j- didn’t you?
QUESTIONS
1- Ask the questions corresponding to the underlined phrases.
a- She went early because she could not stand it anymore.
b- My parents will go to Italy in two years.
c- John took the Browns to the opera house.
d- This hat is Mary’s.
e- The children are listening to a story.
f- Paul missed his train.
g- He had lived in this city for about all his life.
h- That car cost me ten thousand pounds.
i- My mother had an apple pie for dinner.
j- He usually goes to school by tram.
k- Paul used that sponge to clean the table.
l- My coat is the brown one.
m- The members of the class were about twenty.
n- Mary washed her hair only once a week.
o- Buffalos live in America.
p- There were three cars in the street.
q- The man spoke very softly because he was tired.
r- James felt very proud in his new suit.
s- He had been studying English for quite a long time.
t- My teacher often goes swimming.
u- Mr Morrison is Mary’s father.
v- She prefers chocolate to coffee.
w- Kathy had a Halloween party at school yesterday.
x- Kathy had a Halloween party at school yesterday.
y- Kathy had a Halloween party at school yesterday.
z- Now my room is in a mess.
ai- My mother gives me some books.
bi- My mother gives me some books.
ci- My mother gives me some books
di- My mother gives me some books.

a- She left early because she had a lot to do.
b- They will go to Spain next year.
c- John drove the Smiths to the station.
d- This coat is Shirley’s.
e- The children are listening to a record.
f- Cathy took the wrong train.
g- He had lived in London for ten years.
h- That book cost me ten pounds.
i- He had four ham sandwiches for lunch.
j- He usually goes to work by bus.
k- He used that sponge to clean Dad’s car.
l- My pullover is the red one.
m- The members of the club were thirteen.
n- Frankie washed her hair only once a month.
o- Elephants live in hot countries.
p- There were three men on the island.
q- The professor lowered his voice because it was a secret.
r- James felt very lonely in the new town.
s- He had been studying medicine for several years.
t- The Queen often goes horse-racing.
u- Mrs Morel is Paul’s mother.
v- She prefers housework to algebra.

w- Kathy had a birthday party at home last night.
y- Kathy had a birthday party at home last night.
z- Kathy had a birthday party at home last night.
ai- Now the house is in a mess.
bi- Her father gives her some advice.
ci- Her father gives her some advice.
di- Her father gives her some advice.
3- Ask the questions corresponding to the underlined phrases

a- Paul is reading a newspaper.
b- Peter is writing a letter.
c- Mary writes letters everyday.
d- Charles's mother cooks cakes every Sunday.
e- The book is beautiful.
f- The children are tired and excited.
g- The car is very nice and very fast.
h- The weather is not very good.
i- The table is three feet long.
j- The chair is two feet high.
k- Tom is ten years old.
l- The book is two inches thick.
m- The river is two yards deep.
n- The road is ten yards wide.
o- The tree is twenty yards tall.
p- Peter is five feet two inches tall.
q- The table is two feet wide.
r- The very big bowl is twelve inches wide.
s- The medium-sized bowl is nine inches wide.
t- The tiny, little bowl is six inches wide.
u- Sue is twenty one years old.

a- He will come tomorrow.
b- He has been living here for years.
c- The spectators were enjoying the match.
d- William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
e- I saw you in the park.
f- I have just visited the house.
g- The ceiling fell on the ground.
h- I spent $20 on it.
i- They will destroy it.
j- They will destroy it to build another house.
k- I prefer this one.
l- She will go to London next year.

a- There are three people in the park.
b- They have been reading this book for one hour.
c- He forbade the children to go to school.
d- She will send her a letter tomorrow.
e- Mary broke the window.
f- He has lost his history book in the bus.
g- She couldn’t play tennis because she had a broken leg.
h- Peter’s bicycle is in front of the door.
i- He paid 75 pounds for his watch.
j- The pool is five feet deep.

a- Michael did not play with the children.
b- He was used to his loneliness.
c- They asked the boy many questions.
d- Next year he will go to Spain.
e- He went away because he was very sad.

f- He used his handkerchief to clean the table.
g- I have seen Jack’s new car.
h- This car cost me £6,000.
i- He was ten years old.

a- Quelle est la hauteur de cette table?
b- Quel âge avait-elle quand ils se sont mariés?
c- A combien sommes-nous du prochain village?
d- Depuis combien de temps habitent-ils ici?
e- Avec qui iront-ils au concert?
f- Pourquoi ne lui avez-vous pas parlé?
g- De quoi vous plaignez-vous?
h- A quelle distance se trouve la mine de chez toi?
i- Combien coûte cette paire de chaussures?
j- Avec qui allons-nous au cinéma?
8- Find the questions corresponding to the underlined expressions in the following text.
It was the day after Christmas – one of those very cold mornings that seem to sparkle. The boys, dressed in
jeans and flannel shirts, had quickly swallowed their breakfast and were asking me to take them to the
skating rink. That’s what we often do in the winter time when they don’t go to school. Reed, seven, and Larry,
eleven, both had new skates. But when we got there, we found the rink was closed for repairs.

a- The story of how video-recording equipment arrived in the home is almost as fascinating as the equipment
itself.
b- The first video-tape recorder was demonstrated in 1951 by the electronics division of Bing Crosby
Enterprises.
c- Sony kept on trying.
d- The machine could record in color.
e- Sony launched it in 1971 and called it the U-Matic.
f- The company hoped their equipment would catch on in the home.
CORRECTION
1- a- Why did she go early?
b- When will my parents go to Italy?
c- Who did John take to the opera house?
d- Whose hat is this?
e- What are the children listening to?
f- Who missed his train?
g- How long had he lived in this city?
h- How much did that car cost me?
i- What did my mother had for dinner?
j- How does he usually go to school?
k- What did Paul use that sponge for?
l- Which coat is mine?
What color is my coat?
m- How many were the members of the class?
How many members (people) were there in the class?
n- How often did Mary wash her hair?
o- Where do buffalos live?
p- How many cars were there in the street?
q- Why did the man speak very softly?
r- How did James feel in his new suit?
s- How long had he been studying English?
t- Who often goes swimming?
u- Whose father is Mr Morrison?
v- What does she prefer?
w- What did Kathy have at school yesterday?
x- Where did Kathy have a Halloween party yesterday?
y- When did Kathy have a Halloween party at school?
z- How is my room now?

ai- Who gives me some books?
bi- What does my mother do?
ci- Who does my mother give some books to?
di- What does my mother give me?
2- a- Why did she leave early?

b- When did they go to Spain?
c- Who did John drive to the station?
d- Whose coat is this?
e- What are the children listening to?
f- Who took the wrong train?
g- How long had he lived in London?
h- How much did that book cost me?
i- What did he have for lunch?
j- How does he usually go to work?
k- What did he use that sponge for?
l- What color is my pullover?
which pullover is mine?
m- How many were the members of the club?
How many members were there in the club?
n- How often did Frankie wash her hair?
o- Where do elephants live?
p- How many men were there on the island?
q- Why did the professor lower his voice?
r- How did James feel in the new town?
s- How long had he been studying medicine?
t- Who often goes horse-racing?
u- Whose mother is Mrs Morel?
v- What does she prefer?
w- What did Kathy have at home last night?
y- Where did Kathy have a birthday party last night?
z- When did Kathy have a birthday party at home?
ai- How is the house now?
bi- What does her father do?
ci- Who does her father give some advice to?
di- What does her father give her?
3- a- What is Paul doing ?

b- What is Peter writing ?
c- What does Mary write everyday ?
d- What does Charles’s mother cook every Sunday ?
e- How is the book ?
f- How are the children ?
g- How is the car ?
h- How is the weather ?
i- How long is the table ?
j- How high is the chair ?
k- How old is Tom ?
l- How thick is the book ?
m- How deep is the river ?
n- How wide is the road ?
o- How tall is the tree ?
p- How tall is Peter ?
q- How wide is the table ?
r- How wide is the very big bowl ?
s- How wide is the medium-sized bowl ?
t- How wide is the tiny, little bowl ?
u- How old is Sue ?
4- a- When will he come?

b- How long has he been living here?
c- What were the spectators enjoying?
d- Who wrote Hamlet?

e- Who did I see in the park?
f- What have I just visited?
g- What fell on the ground?
h- How much did I spend on it?
i- What will they do (to it)?
j- Why will they destroy it?
k- Which one do you prefer?
l- Where will she go next year?
5- a- How many people are there in the park.

b- How long have they been reading this book?
c- Who did he forbid to go to school?
d- When will she send her a letter?
e- Who broke the window?
f- What has he lost in the bus?
g- Why couldn’t she play tennis?
h- Whose bicycle is in front of the door?
i- How much did he pay for his watch?
j- How deep is the pool?
6- a- Who didn’t Michael play with?

b- What was he used to?
c- What did they ask the boy?
d- When will he go to Spain?
e- Where will he go next year?
f- Why did he go away?
g- What did he use his handkerchief for?
h- Whose new car have I seen?
i- How much did this car cost me?
j- How old was he?
7- a- How tall is this table?

b- How old was she when they got married?
c- How far from the next village are we?
d- How long have they lived here?
e- Who will they go to the concert with? (With whom will they go to the concert?)
f- Why didn’t you speak to him?
g- What do you complain about?
h- How far from your home is the mine?
i- How much is this pair of shoes?
j- Who do we go to the movies (cinema, pictures) with? (with whom do we go to the movies?)
8- When did the action take place?

How was the weather on that morning?
How were the boys dressed?
What had the boys quickly swallowed?
Where were the boys asking me to take them? Where did the boys want me to take them?
How frequently do we go to the skating-rink in the winter time?
When do we go to the skating-rink in the winter?
How old was Reed?
What did Reed and Larry both have?
What was the skating-rink closed for? (why was the skating-rink closed?)
9- a- What is almost as fascinating as the equipment itself?

What is the story of how video-recording equipment arrived in the home almost as fascinating as?
b- What was demonstrated in 1951 by the electronics division of Bing Crosby Enterprises?
When was the first video-tape recorder demonstrated by the electronics division of Bing Crosby Enterprises?
Who was the first video-tape recorder demonstrated in 1951 by? By whom was the first video-tape recorder
demonstrated in 1951?
c- What did Sony keep on doing?
d- What could record in color?
What could the machine do in color?
How could the machine record?

e- What did Sony do in 1971?
When did Sony launched it?
How did Sony call it?
f- Who hoped their equipment would catch on in the home?
What did the company hoped?
RELATIVE CLAUSES
1- Fill in the blanks with a relative pronoun or Ø.
a- We don’t know the reason … she became a teacher.
b- Do you remember the day … Harry interviewed you?
c- Here is a photo of the place … we spent our holidays.
d- She is the girl … works at the chemist’s.
e- The trees … are too big will be cut down.
f- John, … brother is a doctor, is Studying law.
g- Could you lend me the book … you bought last week?
h- He never listens to … I say, … is very annoying.
i- My eldest brother, … you met last week, has left for the States.
j- Our new neighbors, to … I was introduced this morning, have come from Devon.
k- The person … wallet you have stolen is me.
l- I never know … of the two is Laurel.
m- Mozart, … music is so beautiful, died at the age of 36.
n- … have you been up to?
2- Fill in the blanks with a relative pronoun or Ø.

a- Linda, … father is a rich man, has just bought a new car.
b- Jimmy’s mother, … is a journalist, has just returned from the Gulf.
c- She bought the shoes … were in the window.
d- I have met John, … you know.
e- I remember the day … I first met you.
f- Here’s a person … you can depend upon.
g- That’s the dog … owners I met in the park.
h- They gave us a lot of different excuses, … were quite superfluous.
i- That film was not quite … I expected.
j- This is the only explanation … I can give you.
k- My boyfriend is the one … plays the trumpet.
l- This is Mr Paley with … I play bridge every Wednesday.
m- She told us she was leaving, … wasn’t true.
n- They always give him everything … he wants.
o- The only person … I could trust is gone.
3- Circle the right answer and then translate.

a- The book … is on the desk is mine.
i- whose ii- which iii- who iv- Ø
b- They asked us to leave the room, … we did immediately.
i- that ii- which iii- why iv- what
c- The person … you were thinking about has left long ago.
i- whom ii- Ø iii- which iv- whose
d- The lady … purse was stolen rushed to the police-station.
i- that ii- which iii- whose iv- Ø
e- You should listen to … they’re saying.
i- which ii- that iii- whom iv- what
4- Fill in the blanks

a- I wish …….. I knew the man ………. wrote this book.
b- I asked him ……….. had said so.
c- The task ………. confronted him was a hard one.
d- He looked like a tourist - ………….. he was.
e- I do ………. I like, ………. pains my parents.
f- This is the house …………. I spoke.
g- This is the man ………….. I spoke.

h- I asked him ……. he had said so.
i- The only visitors ……….. I know are the Browns.
j- This is the man …………. car you saw yesterday.
k- He joined the party …………… was in power.
l- I was out of town on the day …….. it happened.
m- Do you remember the house ……. you were born ?
n- I never really understood ………. he left us !
o- He joined the workers ………. were on strike.
p- He joined the workers, ……… were on strike.
q- This is the house ……. Jack built.
r- He is one of the greatest men ………. ever lived.
s- Hardly had I sat down …………… the phone rang again.
t- Go back ………. you come ……….
u- The man and manners ………… he describes sound very unfamiliar.
v- The trouble is ………. none of them know any foreign language.
w- The question is ………. we are going to find the money.
x- ……….... is one man's meat is another man's poison.
y- I gave him ……..…… little help I could.
z- Yes, I have your football, and ……..……… 's more I intend to keep it !
ai- There's no doubt ……………... about that.
bi- Mr Wilson, ……………... wife you met two days ago, is a car mechanic.
ci- The thing ……………... landed in their garden was probably a meteor.
di- The girl ……………... is singing that song was only 18 in 1984.
ei- He broke his leg when he was running, ……………... was very funny.
fi- The house ……………... you are talking about is too big.

a- Je lui ai demandé ce qu'il avait trouvé.
b- Voici la voiture dont il rêve.
c- N'est-ce pas le garçon dont vous vous êtes occupé ?
d- Je fais ce que je veux.
e- Elle fait tout ce qu'elle veut.
f- Quiconque viendra sera le bienvenu.
g- Je le trouverai où qu'il se cache.
h- Quel que soit le gagnant, le résultat ne sera guère satisfaisant.
i- Quoi qu'il arrive, j'aurai fait de mon mieux.
j- Je viendrai dès que je pourrai.
CORRECTION
1- a- We don’t know the reason WHY she became a teacher.
b- Do you remember the day WHEN Harry interviewed you?
c- Here is a photo of the place WHERE we spent our holidays.
d- She is the girl WHO works at the chemist’s.
e- The trees THAT are too big will be cut down.
f- John, WHOSE brother is a doctor, is Studying law.
g- Could you lend me the book Ø you bought last week?
h- He never listens to WHAT I say, WHICH is very annoying.
i- My eldest brother, WHO you met last week, has left for the States.
j- Our new neighbors, to WHOM I was introduced this morning, have come from Devon.
k- The person WHOSE wallet you have stolen is me.
l- I never know WHICH of the two is Laurel.
m- Mozart, WHOSE music is so beautiful, died at the age of 36.
n- WHAT have you been up to?
2- a- Linda, WHOSE father is a rich man, has just bought a new car.
b- Jimmy’s mother, WHO is a journalist, has just returned from the Gulf.
c- She bought the shoes THAT were in the window.
d- I have met John, WHOM you know.
e- I remember the day Ø I first met you.
f- Here’s a person Ø you can depend upon.
g- That’s the dog WHOSE owners I met in the park.
h- They gave us a lot of different excuses, WHICH were quite superfluous.

i- That film was not quite WHAT I expected.
j- This is the only explanation Ø I can give you.
k- My boyfriend is the one WHO plays the trumpet.
l- This is Mr Paley with WHOM I play bridge every Wednesday.
m- She told us she was leaving, WHICH wasn’t true.
n- They always give him everything Ø he wants.
o- The only person Ø I could trust is gone.
3- Circle the right answer and then translate.

a- The book … is on the desk is mine.
i- whose ii- which iii- who iv- Ø
Le livre qui est sur le bureau est le mien (m’appartient, est à moi).
b- They asked us to leave the room, … we did immediately.
i- that ii- which iii- why iv- what
Ils nous ont demandé de quitter la pièce, ce que nous avons fait immédiatement.
c- The person … you were thinking about has left long ago.
i- whom ii- Ø iii- which iv- whose
La personne à laquelle vous pensiez est partie il y a longtemps.
d- The lady … purse was stolen rushed to the police-station.
i- that ii- which iii- whose iv- Ø
La dame dont le porte-monnaie a été volé s’est précipitée au commissariat (à la gendarmerie).
e- You should listen to … they’re saying.
i- which ii- that iii- whom iv- what
Vous devriez écouter ce qu’ils disent.
4- a- I wish Ø I knew the man WHO wrote this book.

b- I asked him WHO had said so.
c- The task THAT confronted him was a hard one.
d- He looked like a tourist - WHICH he was.
e- I do WHAT/ALL(THAT) I like, which pains my parents.
f- This is the house ABOUT WHICH I spoke.
g- This is the man ABOUT WHOM I spoke.
h- I asked him WHY he had said so.
i- The only visitors Ø I know are the Browns.
j- This is the man WHOSE car you saw yesterday.
k- He joined the party WHICH was in power.
l- I was out of town on the day WHEN it happened.
m- Do you remember the house WHERE you were born ?
n- I never really understood WHY he left us !
o- He joined the workers THAT were on strike.
p- He joined the workers, WHO were on strike.
q- This is the house THAT Jack built.
r- He is one of the greatest men THAT ever lived.
s- Hardly had I sat down THAT the phone rang again.
t- Go back WHERE you come FROM
u- The man and manners Ø he describes sound very unfamiliar.
v- The trouble is Ø none of them know any foreign language.
w- The question is IF and WHERE we are going to find the money.
x- WHAT is one man's meat is another man's poison.
y- I gave him WHAT little help I could.
z- Yes, I have your football, and WHAT's more I intend to keep it !
ai- There's no doubt Ø about that.
bi- Mr Wilson, WHOSE wife you met two days ago, is a car mechanic.
ci- The thing THAT landed in their garden was probably a meteor.
di- The girl WHO is singing that song was only 18 in 1984.
ei- He broke his leg when he was running, WHICH was very funny.
fi- The house Ø you are talking about is too big.
5- a- I asked him what he had found.

b- This is the car he is dreaming of.
c- Isn’t he the boy you took care of?
d- I do what I want.

e- She does all she wants.
f- Whoever comes will be welcome.
g- I’ll find him where he is hiding. I’ll find him and his hiding place.
h- No matter who is the winner, the result will not be satisfactory.
i- No matter what happens, I will have done my best.
j- I will come as soon as I can.
TENSES & ASPECTS

1- MY GRANDMOTHER TELLS ME HER LIFE. Insert the verbs in brackets into the text in the preterite
When I ......... (be) a young woman, I ......... (go + not) to school very long. I ......... (go) to school up to
the age of 12. Then I ......... (go) to work. I ......... (learn) how to make trousers and shirts. I ......... (be) a
trouser-maker and a shirt-maker. I ......... (stay) three years with my boss. Then I ......... (pass) my exam and
I ......... (get) my certificate. I ......... (look for) a new boss who ......... (want) me as a worker. I ......... (find) one
in a little town in the mountains. So I ......... (move) to this little town. I ......... (look for) a cheap room there.
I ......... (work) from seven in the morning to seven in the evening. We ......... (have) a one hour pause at one
o'clock in the afternoon. I generally ......... (eat) a couple of sandwiches and an apple in the backroom if the
weather ......... (be) bad, or in the park next door if the weather ......... (be) good. We ......... (have + not) any
other pause all day long. When I ......... (come) back home in the evening, I ......... (cook) a meal: some soup
and some vegetables. We ......... (have + not) meat during the week. We only ......... (have) meat on Sunday.
We ......... (work) six days a week from Monday to Saturday. Luckily all stores ......... (be) open on Sunday
morning, so we ......... (can) do some shopping. But we .........(have + not) a fridge, so we ......... (can+ not)
buy a lot. We ......... (must) buy very little: some vegetables, one little piece of meat, some sugar, some butter
(in fact we ......... (have + not) butter but only margarine), and that ......... (be) about all. On Sunday afternoon,
we ......... (have) some entertainment: we ......... (go) to a dance or to the cinema with friends. One day
I ......... (meet) my future husband, your grandfather. We ......... (be) friends for about six months and
we ......... (decide) to get married. I ......... (take) two days from work and I ......... (become) a wife. Three
years later I ......... (have) two children and I ......... (can + not) work any more. So I ......... (stay) at home to
look after the children and I ......... (take) some work to do at home. I ......... (do) about twelve shirts and three
or four pairs of trousers every week. When I ......... (get) my fourth child, your mother, I ......... (can + not)
work any more at all and I ......... (drop) it completely. Fifteen years later, when the kids ......... (be) big
enough, I ......... (go) back to work a little to make a little money. My husband, your grandfather, ......... (be)
only a worker and he ......... (make + not) much money. Then the children ......... (get) married and I .........
(be) finally able to have some good time, or rather some better time. By then your grandfather ......... (have) a
car and we ......... (can) go to the countryside or even to the seaside from time to time. By then we .........
(work + not) six days any more but only five days and a half. So we ......... (can) leave around two o'clock on
Saturday afternoon and spend the week end somewhere. It ......... (be) fun. We ......... (have) some good
time. But it ......... (last + not) very long, because your grandfather ......... (have) that accident at his factory
and he ......... (die) at the age of fifty-nine. Then I ......... (must) live alone and I ......... (visit) my children from
time to time on Sunday. I ......... (have) some good time because all my children ......... (be) married and
I ......... (have) twelve grandchildren, seven granddaughters and five grandsons. The best time ......... (be)
Christmas because we ......... (have) a big family reunion and we ......... (celebrate) the day starting late in the
evening, going to midnight mass, having a late supper, and then sleeping a little bit, and in the morning
we ......... (open) the presents from Santa Claus and everyone ......... (be) happy. We ......... (be) lucky
because your uncle Paul ......... (have) a very big house in a village. We all ......... (go) there and .........
(spend) about three days. But now you ......... (be) big and you ......... (have) your own children and we .........
(can + not) have big family reunions any more. There ......... (be) too many children.
2- Write the verbs in the proper tenses : preterite, present, present perfect, pluperfect, … Beware to multiple
solutions.
a- Yesterday when I ..................... (walk) to class, I ..................... (happen) to see Tony.
b- Tony ..................... (know + NOT) what he ..................... (want) to be.
c- Last year he ..................... (drop) out of college, but this fall he ..................... (return)
d- He ..................... (do) better now in his courses.
e- He ..................... (ask) me yesterday night to listen to the history paper he ..................... (write).
f- He ..................... (read) it to me, and that ..................... (help) him catch some errors.
g- Yesterday we ..................... (finish) class early, and afterward I ..................... (talk) to the instructor.
h- My instructor and I ..................... (discuss) my term paper, and her comments ..................... (help) me.
i- She .....................(say) that she ..................... (enjoy) my paper. Then I .....................(leave) the campus
at 5:30 and I ..................... (can + to be) at home before the football match on TV.

j- I ..................... (work) hard on that paper. and I ..................... (be + to satisfy) by my instructor's
comments. In the class all the students regularly ..................... (work) hard.
k- Later that afternoon, Tony ..................... (ask) me to go out for a coke in a café on Russell Boulevard.
l- It ..................... (please) me that he ..................... (ask) me to go out with him. He ..................... (be) a
good friend of mine and I .....................(like + to have a discussion) with him.
m- We ..................... (walk) down to the Sweet Shop and ..................... (order) coke and doughnuts.
n- Tony ..................... (like) pizza now, but last year he always ..................... (order) chili when
we ..................... (go) to the restaurant, except when we ..................... (go) with his girlfriend Mary because
she ..................... (like + NOT) Mexican food.
o- We .....................(stay) at the Sweet Shop until Nine o'clock.
p- Then I ..................... (have + to go) home because I ..................... (need + to study).
q- I always ..................... (do) all my homework. It ..................... (be) very rare for me not to do an exercise
or not to study a lesson.
r- I ..................... (have + to work) hard because I ..................... (want) straight As in all my subjects. My
parents ..................... (promise) me a car if I ..................... (manage + to have) straight As all year long.
s- I ..................... (do) all my homework last night before ..................... (go) to bed.
t- When I ..................... (work) hard I ..................... (be + to satisfy).
3- Write the verb in brackets in the proper tense (present, future or preterite). Underline the
temporal element that justifies your choice. Translate.
a- Tomorrow, my mother .......................................... (go) to the supermarket in London.

b- Last year, Peter's friend .......................................... (decide) to go to Venice.
c- A friend .......................................... (arrive) to our home this morning.
d- Your uncle .......................................... (read) the newspaper when you arrive.
e- Your aunt .......................................... (write) the letter to Fred when I arrived.
f- Everyday Paul .......................................... (go) to school, .......................................... (sleep) in class, and
.......................................... (forget) to get up when the teacher .......................................... (come in).
g- When Christmas is here, everyone .......................................... (get) ready for the festivities.
h- My brother-in-law .......................................... (like + not) people to park their cars in front of his garage.
i- An American .......................................... (visit) us next summer.
j- Twenty Germans .......................................... (see) the train accident in Frankfurt last month.
4- Complete the following sentences with the right verb form [USE THE CHART AT THE END OF THE
EXERCISE]. Then translate the sentences you have produced.
a- They usually …. to the clubhouse on Saturday nights.
a- have gone b- go c- will go d-are going
b- Bert and Fred …. the roll last night.
a- weren’t eating b- hadn’t eaten c- didn’t eat d- won’t eat
c- The Queen …. a handbag when she goes out.
a- carries b- has carried c- is carrying d- doesn’t carry
d- I …. as many books as you.
a- am reading b- was reading c- been reading d- have read
e- The accident …. at the mine when John was working at the pit.
a- happened b- was happening c- has happened d- has been happening
f- He’ll work with his father when he …. twenty.
a- has b- will have c- is d- will be
g- She …. a short chat with her mother at the moment.
a- has b- is having c- had d- has had
h- « I …. never …. such amazing sights before », said Fred.
a- will …. see b- see c- have …. seen d- will … see
i- She understood more quickly than he ….
a- did b- has c- had d- has done
j- I knew he … the money on my desk.
a- will take b- takes c- is taking d- had taken
SENTENCE a b c d e f g h i j
ANSWER

5- Turn into indirect speech.
a- « I am very happy, » he said to me.
b- « They have stolen my car, » he said to me.
c- « I will help you, » he said to me.
d- « Don’t drink this coffee, » he said to me.
e- « I can’t speak English, » he said to me.
6- Put the verbs in the simple or the progressive preterites.

a- I (1)… BREAK my leg while I (2)… PLAY football.
b- Something usually (3)… HAPPEN while we (4)… WATCH the match : either our house (5)… BE
BURGLARISED, or a car (6)… RUN into the garden, or anything else you can imagine.
c- One day as I (7)… STAND on the doorstep, I (8)… NOTICE a car arriving from the bridge. The car (9)…
RUN very fast and the driver (10)… SLEEP on the wheel. Then the car (11)… RUN into a telephone booth
and (12)… KILL two people.
d- As I (13)… COME here, I (14)… MEET your father : he (15)… BE very tired and he (16)… CARRY a very
heavy bag.
e- When the doctor (17)… LEAVE, the patient (18)… BREATHE heavily. He (19)… BEGIN to feel better and
he (20)… GO to sleep.
1- 5- 9-
2- 6- 10-
3- 7- 11-
4- 8- 12-
13- 16- 19-
14- 17- 20-
15- 18-
7- Same exercise. Excerpt from Stephen King’s WIZARD AND GLASS.

« (1)… ASK me a riddle [devinette], » Blaine (2)…. INVITE.
« Fuck you, » Roland (3)… SAY. He (4)… RAISE + NOT his voice.
« What (5)… you SAY + INTERROGATION ? » In its clear disbelief, the voice of Big Blaine (6)…
BECOME very close to the voice of its unsuspected twin [jumeau].
« I (7)… SAY fuck you, » Roland (8)… SAY calmly, « but if that (9)… PUZZLE [surprendre, étonner]
you, Blaine, I (10)… CAN make it clearer. No. The answer (11)… BE no. »
There (12)… BE no reply from Blaine for a long, long time, and when he (13)… RESPOND, it (14)…
BE not with words. Instead, the walls, floor, and ceiling (15)… BEGIN to lose their color and solidity again. In
a space of ten seconds the Barony Coach once more (16)… CEASE to exist. They (17)… FLY now through
the mountain-range [la chaîne de montagne] they (18)… SEE on the horizon, just a moment before : iron-
gray peaks (19)… RUSH toward them at suicidal speed, then (20)… FALL away to disclose sterile valleys
where gigantic beetles (21)… CRAWL about like landlocked [confiné à rester sur la terre ferme] turtles.
Roland (22)… SEE something that (23)… LOOK like a huge snake suddenly uncoil [dérouler son corps pour
un serpent] from the mouth of a cave [grotte]. It (24)… SEIZE one of the beetles and (25)… YANK [projeter
avec violence] back into his lair [antre].
1- 10- 19-
2- 11- 20-
3- 12- 21-
4- 13- 22-
5- 14- 23-
6- 15- 24-
7- 16- 25-
8- 17-
9- 18-
8- Rewrite using the simple preterite.

a- They are ozone and UV resistant, have near zero flame spread and smoke generation, and have a low
compression set.
b- The software allows users to assign physical properties ... to the piping model using a spreadsheet
interface.
c- This version utilises extended memory directly, allowing the analysis of larger problems.

d- Organic pollution alarm checks for contaminants in water.
e- CALDB3 stores, files, schedules all kinds of instruments and their calibrations, communicates with
Beamex calibrators, and prints out the calibration results, i.e. brings productivity to maintenance and
calibration work.
9- Rewrite in the present.

a- Steve Johnson implemented a "portable compiler" designed to be relatively easy to modify.
b- C began on a small machine.
c- Its designer preferred simplicity and elegance to features.
d- In 1983, ANSI established a committee to provide a modern, comprehensive definition of C.
e- The original definition of C frowned on, but permitted, the interchange of printers and integers.
10- Rewrite first in the present, then in the preterite, with a temporal element in this latter case.
a- f the guest-stars (have) an accident, the stage director (recast) the actors.
b- The shepherd (shear) the sheep in the summer.
c- The radio (broadcast) an interesting program.
d- It (be) so difficult, we (forgo) programming our computer.
e- He (lose) his wallet and (seek) it everywhere.
f- The invaders (slay) their enemies.
g- The thieves (thrust) the people into the corridor.
h- The carpenter (slit) the piece of wood and (saw) it.
i- The president (swear) to respect the constitution.
j- The road (wind) in the mountain.
k- The burglars (waylay) the policemen in a no-through road.
l- The goldsmith (gild) the jewels.
m- I (grind) some coffee beans.
n- We (make) an effort and (heave) the big stone blocking the road.
o- The lorry-driver (lade) the goods, and (spill) some of them on the street.
11- Add a question tag to the following sentences.

a- It doesn't rain here in August.
b- We were back home at that time.
c- She stops working for Tateman and Co next Tuesday.
d- You don't believe it.
e- I was late at my rendezvous.
f- There is never enough time to finish this job.
g- They really have no good sense at all.
h- We reset this machine this morning.
i- The dog barked all night long.
j- I use this new probe for measuring the temperature.
k- John doesn't like football matches on TV.
l- Sorry, I misunderstood your message.
m- There are no tomatoes left in the fridge.
12- Translate into English (simple present, progressive present or present perfect
a- Je vais partir aux USA l'été prochain.
b- Depuis cinq minutes la table traçante est en panne.
c- Il neige tellement que les enfants skient dans le jardin.
d- Très souvent, mes parents vont au restaurant le dimanche soir.
e- Nous terminons juste notre devoir.
f- Je ne rate jamais cette passionnante émission.
g- Vous ne pouvez pas lui parler pour l'instant: il donne une conférence.
h- Ma sœur passe plus de temps à se maquiller que toi à bavarder.
i- La lumière du soleil met huit minutes environ avant de nous parvenir.
j- L'eau bout, va préparer le thé.
13- Rewrite in the simple present or the simple preterite and underline the phrase that justifies the tense you
use.
a- We rarely (buy) fish on the market, because Mum often (bring) it directly back from the fishermen in the
harbor where she (work) now.
b- When she was much younger, she (enjoy) sitting on her father's shoulders. She (laugh) a lot when he
(get) up and down the stairs with her on his back.
c- As the present common practice has it, twice or three times a year the staff (change) the location of the

goods in the shop, so the customer who (look) for something (find) something else in its place, and thus
(discover) new products.
d- Last week, the new record (be dedicated) to his mother who (die) earlier this year.
e- Every winter our neighbors (fly) to Florida, but last winter they (fly) to Australia because they (win) a one-
week holiday in Sydney.
f- Yesterday, I (meet) the new manager, we (talk) together about his new projects for the company. This
evening we (eat) at the restaurant with the former manager and his wife.
14- Rewrite in the preterite and add a temporal element to justify this tense. Then check the meaning of the
irregular verbs.
a- The children bestride the old wooden gate.
b- The lizards creep between the roof tiles.
c- Like many students in London, Mary dwells in a small attic.
d- Because they are furious, they fling their plates across the kitchen.
e- In this case I forbear giving my opinion.
f- The lumber-jack hews large trunks with an axe.
g- The ivy overgrows the stone wall.
h- The explanations you give, mislay me more than they help me.
i- The cat slink between the flower-pots and caught the mouse.
j- During the sales, this shop undercuts its prices.
k- She strives hard to remember the car-plate.
l- The spiders weave their webs between the branches.
m- Betty gets on my nerves: she always gainsays everything I say.
n- The computer misunderstands my message because I misspell a word.
o- You give me your word, and then you forswear it.
p- If the guest-stars have an accident, the stage director recasts (will recast) the actors.
q- The shepherd shears the sheep in the summer.
r- The radio broadcasts an interesting program.
s- It is so difficult, we forgo programming our computer.
t- He loses his wallet and seeks it everywhere.
u- The invaders slay their enemies.
v- The thieves thrust the people into the corridor.
w- The carpenter slits the piece of wood and saws it.
x- The president swears to respect the constitution.
y- The road winds in the mountain.
z- The burglars waylay the policemen in a no-through road.
ai- The goldsmith gilds the jewels.
bi- I grind some coffee beans.
ci- We make an effort and heave the big stone blocking the road.
di- The lorry-driver lades the goods, and spills some of them on the street.
15- Put the verbs into the correct tenses and forms.
a- He (to go) to the cinema yesterday.
b- I (to write) to her next week.
c- He (to meet) her last year.
d- When he (to arrive) he will help you.
e- If he worked more, he (to succeed).
f- I (to tell) her two days ago.
g- I’d rather (to have) a sandwich.
h- Today is Monday; he left on Friday: he (to travel) for three days.
i- He went out without (to take) his umbrella.
j- She (to read + already) the book he (to give) her yesterday.
k- if he arrives early, we (to go out) to the pictures.
l- I (to buy) a big car if I had a lot of money.
m- He’ll be pleased if he (to pass) his exam.
n- He’d go to America if he (to have) enough money.
o- They (to be) late if they don’t take a taxi.
16- Complete the following sentences with the right verb forms
A- They usually … to the clubhouse on Saturday night.
a- have gone b- go c- will go d- are going
B- Bert and Fred … the roll last night.

C- The Queen … a handbag when she goes out.
D- I … as many books as you.
E- The accident … at the mine when John was working.
F- He’ll work with his father when he … twenty.
a- has b- is having c- is d- will be
G- She … a short chat with her mother at the moment.
H- “I … never … such amazing sights before” Fred said.
a- will see b- see c- have seen d- am seeing
I- She understood more quickly than he …
J- I knew … the money on my desk.
a- will take b- take c- is taking d- had taken
K- If you … rich you could buy anything.
a- are b- was c- were d- had been
L- She … the little boy was crying the morning before.
a- notices b- was noticing c- has noticed d- had noticed
M- She … the children when the bell rang.
a- is watching b- was watching c- watched d- had watched
N- He wanted … the teacher that the boy had a gun.
a- to tell b- to say c- tell d- telling
O- If the old man were to go, the other patients … him.
a- missed b- had missed c- will miss d- would miss
P- You … much money if you go on holiday with them.
a- don’t need b- didn’t need c- shan’t need d- won’t need
Q- She wishes she … him before.
a- had met b- met c- has met d- meets
R- I wish you ... a millionaire, we’d go around the world.
a- are b- was c- were d- would be
S- He … at a table covered with food when Sid appeared.
a- sits b- is sitting c- sat d- was sitting
T- You’d rather come with us, …
a- would you ? b- wouldn’t you ? c- hadn’t you? d- didn’t you?
17- i) fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs given below
ii) Use the right tense and the right form for each of them.
to agree to need to expect to trouble to clear to enjoy
to devote to suggest to mean to look to meet to shake
to allow to occur to change to prove to choose to miss
to travel to spread
a- The Queen … going on holiday at Balmoral.
b- When she … abroad, the Queen doesn’t need a passport.
c- The three men … that they were not going to eat the roll that night.
d- He … his throat before starting his speech.
e- The girl (+not) … at him while he was talking to her.
f- They knew the accident at the mine might … fatal.
g- It … their son had probably been killed in the accident.
h- She had decided not to go to the clubhouse and nothing would make her … her mind.
i- Frankie had … the news that she was going to join her brother in California.
j- Nobody was to … the medium once the lights had been switched off.
k- Something may … tonight, the spirit may come.
l- Elephants are so heavy that they make the earth … when they’re stampeding across the plains.
m- The lion is the noblest creature I have ever …
n- The professor … that the boys should leave next morning.
o- They were … to keep everything secret.
p- You (+not) … a degree if you want to become an artist.
q- He (+not) … an outdoor job because he hates staying out in the rain.
r- He enjoyed … himself to the poor people.
s- “I’m going to … when I’m away” he said.
t- “Children are (+not) … to carry guns to school, you know” she said.

18- Fill in the blanks with the verbs at the proper forms.
a- It … since last Tuesday. (rain)
b- They … smoking two years ago. (stop)
c- He … to solve this problem for hours. (try)
d- I … him several times. (meet)
e- They … poker every Friday night. (play)
f- He … our new neighbor yet. (not see)
g- The two players … very tired. They … for two hours now. (seem – play)
h- The money … under the bed for two years now. (be)
i- Sam disapproves of his father … his treasure here. (keep)
j- He … a long letter two weeks ago and he … it next week. (receive – probably answer)
k- When I … home last night, everybody … television. (come – watch)
l- When you … Chris, will you ask him for his camera? (see)
19- Fill in the blanks with the proper form or tense of the verb in brackets.
a- It …… (to rain) a lot in Autumn.
b- On that photo they …… (to dance).
c- I …… (to do) the washing-up when you ….. (to phone) yesterday.
d- He knew he …… (to be) late if he couldn’t catch that train.
e- They …… (to move). The house is empty.
f- It the best film I …… (to see + ever).
g- He …… (to live) here since 1987.
i- He …… (to repair) it the week before.
j- They …… (to know) each other since September.

a- Quelqu’un a-t-il vu mon manteau?
b- Avez-vous ce film? Oui, je l’ai vu la semaine dernière.
c- Il ne porte pas de lunettes, mais autrefois il en portait.
d- La première fois que je l’ai rencontré, j’ai cru qu’il était américain.
e- J’ai perdu tous mes papiers et mes clés de voitures.
f- J’ai cessé de le voir il y a deux ans.
g- Je mettais la clé dans la serrure quand j’ai entendu le téléphone.
h- Pendant que tu t’amusais, nous travaillions.
i- J’étais en train de regarder le journal quand quelqu’un a frappé à la porte.
j- Quand je l’ai vue, je me suis sauvé en courant.
k- L’emploi dans le secteur du tourisme et des loisirs a doublé entre 1975 et 1990 aux Etats Unis.
l- Les sites touristiques se sont développés à grande échelle dès que les transports aériens ont pris le relais
des chemins de fer qui avaient été à leur origine.
m- Aux Etats Unis avoir un bon emploi dans une grande entreprise est l’un des moyens les plus sûrs
d’obtenir une couverture maladie.
n- Si vous envisagez un voyage aux Etats Unis il est préférable d’entrer en contact avec les comités de
tourisme des états que vous souhaitez visiter.
o- Est-ce que la chasse est interdite dans tous les parcs nationaux?
p- Est-ce que l’on peut pratiquer l’équitation dans cette colonie de vacances?
q- Il est conseillé aux touristes qui viennent pour la première fois de s’inscrire à une visite guidée.
r- Vous pouvez passer une bonne nuit à bord des wagons-lits d’Amtrack.
s- Les trajets entre l’aéroport et la station de ski ne sont pas compris dans le prix du forfait.
t- Les prochaines élections, à mi-parcours du mandat du Président, auront lieu en novembre 2002, pour
renouveler la totalité des députés et un tiers des sénateurs américains.
21- Choose the right answer.

a- It … since Tuesday.
i- rains ii- has been raining iii- is raining iv- rained
b- She … the piano for two hours yesterday.
i- played ii- has played iii- has been playing iv- plays
c- This town … 24 years ago.
i- was destroyed ii- has been destroyed iii- is destroyed iv- destroyed
d- How long … in London?
i- do you live ii- have you been living iii- are you living iv- you live
e- I started learning English … .
i- for 5 years ii- 5 years ago iii- since 1989 iv- when I’m 12

22- Use the right tense.
a- Usually John … (to cut) the grass on Saturday afternoon. I … (to do) it today because he … (to be) ill.
b- We … (to see + NOT) you very often.
c- … (You + to like + interrogation) this country?
d- We … (to know) them for years.
e- They … (to play) tennis when it … (to start) raining yesterday afternoon.
f- They … (to learn) Spanish at school when they … (to be) younger.
g- Look! the neighbors … (to buy) a new car.
h- While you … (to sleep) yesterday afternoon, I … (to ring) the bell like mad and … (to get + never) an
answer.
23- Use the proper preterite (simple or progressive).

a- Yesterday we … (to play) tennis when it … (to start) raining.
b- Last week I … (to write) to her when she … (to phone) me.
c- Last year I … (to break) my leg when I … (to play) football.
d- One day as I … (to stand) on my doorstep I … (to witness) a car crash.
e- When you first … (to see) me I … (to work) by myself.

a- Etes-vous allés au théâtre samedi dernier?
b- Je l’ai vu deux fois la semaine dernière.
c- Je pensais souvent à vous pendant votre absence.
d- Je suis rentré dimanche à vingt heures.
e- Nous nous levions de bonne heure pendant les vacances.
f- Nous étions fatigués après le match.
g- Nous nous sommes couchés juste après le dîner.
h- Nous avons pris le thé dans le jardin hier.
i- Nous prenions le thé quand il s’est mis à pleuvoir.
j- Ils ouvraient la porte quand le téléphone sonna.
CORRECTION
1- MY GRANDMOTHER TELLS ME HER LIFE.
When I WAS a young woman, I DIDN’T to school very long. I WENT to school up to the age of 12.
Then I WENT to work. I LEARNED/LEARNT how to make trousers and shirts. I WAS a trouser-maker and a
shirt-maker. I STAYED three years with my boss. Then I PASSED my exam and I GOT my certificate. I
LOOKED FOR a new boss who WANTED me as a worker. I FOUND one in a little town in the mountains. So
I MOVED to this little town. I LOOKED FOR a cheap room there. I WORKED from seven in the morning to
seven in the evening. We HAD a one hour pause at one o'clock in the afternoon. I generally ATE a couple of
sandwiches and an apple in the backroom if the weather WAS bad, or in the park next door if the weather
WAS good. We DIDN’T HAVE any other pause all day long. When I CAME back home in the evening, I
COOKED a meal: some soup and some vegetables. We DIDN’T HAVE meat during the week. We only HAD
meat on Sunday. We WORKED six days a week from Monday to Saturday. Luckily all stores WERE open on
Sunday morning, so we COULD do some shopping. But we DIDN’T HAVE a fridge, so we COULD NOT buy
a lot. We HAD TO buy very little : some vegetables, one little piece of meat, some sugar, some butter (in fact
we DIDN’T HAVE butter but only margarine), and that WAS about all. On Sunday afternoon, we HAD some
entertainment: we WENT to a dance or to the cinema with friends. One day I MET my future husband, your
grandfather. We WERE friends for about six months and we DECIDED to get married. I TOOK two days from
work and I BECAME a wife. Three years later I HAD two children and I COULDN’T work any more. So I
STAYED at home to look after the children and I TOOK some work to do at home. I DID about twelve shirts
and three or four pairs of trousers every week. When I GOT my fourth child, your mother, I COULDN’T work
any more at all and I DROPPED it completely. Fifteen years later, when the kids WERE big enough, I WENT
back to work a little to make a little money. My husband, your grandfather, WAS only a worker and he
DIDN’T MAKE much money. Then the children GOT married and I WAS finally able to have some good time,
or rather some better time. By then your grandfather HAD a car and we COULD go to the countryside or
even to the seaside from time to time. By then we DIDN’T WORK six days any more but only five days and a
half. So we COULD leave around two o'clock on Saturday afternoon and spend the week end somewhere. It
WAS fun. We HAD some good time. But it DIDN’T LAST very long, because your grandfather HAD that
accident at his factory and he DIED at the age of fifty-nine. Then I HAD TO live alone and I VISITED my
children from time to time on Sunday. I HAD some good time because all my children WERE married and I
HAD twelve grandchildren, seven granddaughters and five grandsons. The best time WAS Christmas
because we HAD a big family reunion and we CELEBRATED the day starting late in the evening, going to

midnight mass, having a late supper, and then sleeping a little bit, and in the morning we OPENED the
presents from Santa Claus and everyone WAS happy. We WERE lucky because your uncle Paul HAD a
very big house in a village. We all WENT there and SPENT about three days. But now you ARE big and you
HAVE your own children and we CAN’T have big family reunions any more. There ARE too many children.
2- a- Yesterday when I WALKED to class, I HAPPENED to see Tony.

b- Tony DIDN’T KNOW what he WANTED to be.
c- Last year he HAD DROPPED out of college, but this fall he RETURNED/HAD RETURNED
d- He DOES better now in his courses.
e- He ASKED me yesterday night to listen to the history paper he HAD WRITTEN.
f- He READ it to me, and that HELPED him catch some errors.
g- Yesterday we FINISHED class early, and afterward I TALKED to the instructor.
h- My instructor and I DISCUSSED my term paper, and her comments HELPED me.
I- She SAID that she HAD ENJOYED my paper. Then I LEFT the campus at 5:30 and I WAS ABLE TO BE
at home before the football match on TV.
j- I HAD WORKED hard on that paper. and I WAS SATISFIED by my instructor's comments. In the class all
the students regularly WORK hard.
k- Later that afternoon, Tony ASKED me to go out for a coke in a café on Russell Boulevard.
l- It PLEASED me that he HAD ASKED/ASKED me to go out with him. He IS a good friend of mine and I
LIKE HAVING A DISCUSSION with him.
m- We WALKED down to the Sweet Shop and ORDERED coke and doughnuts.
n- Tony LIKES pizza now, but last year he always ORDERED chili when we WENT to the restaurant, except
when we WENT with his girlfriend Mary because she DOESN’T LIKE Mexican food.
o- We STAYED at the Sweet Shop until Nine o'clock.
p- Then I HAD TO GO home because I NEEDED TO STUDY.
q- I always DO all my homework. It IS very rare for me not to do an exercise or not to study a lesson.
r- I HAVE TO WORK hard because I WANT straight As in all my subjects. My parents HAVE PROMISED me
a car if I MANAGE TO HAVE straight As all year long.
s- I DID all my homework last night before GOING to bed.
t- When I WORK hard I AM SATISFIED.
3- a- Tomorrow, my mother WILL GO to the supermarket in London. Demain ma mère ira au
supermarché à Londres.
b- Last year, Peter's friend DECIDED to go to Venice. L’an dernier, l’ami de Pierre a décidé d’aller à Venise.
c- A friend ARRIVED to our home this morning. Ce matin un ami est arrivé chez nous.
d- Your uncle WILL HAVE READ the newspaper when you arrive. Ton oncle aura lu le journal quand tu
arriveras.
e- Your aunt HAD WRITTEN the letter to Fred when I arrived. Ta tante avait écrit la lettre à Fred quand je
suis arrivé.
f- Everyday Paul GOES to school, SLEEPS in class, and FORGETS to get up when the teacher COMES IN.
Tous les jours, Paul va à l’école, dort en classe et oublie de se lever quand le professeur entre.
g- When Christmas is here, everyone GETS ready for the festivities. Quand Noël est arrivé, tout le monde se
prépare pour la fête.
h- My brother-in-law DOES NOT LIKE people to park their cars in front of his garage. Pas d’élément
temporel. Il s’agit d’un fait général.] Mon beau-frère n’aime pas que les gens stationnent leur voiture devant
son garage.
i- An American WILL VISIT us next summer. Un Américain nous rendra visite l’an prochain.
j- Twenty Germans SAW the train accident in Frankfurt last month. Vingt Allemands ont vu l’accident
ferroviaire le mois denier.
4-
SENTENCE a b c d e f g h i j
ANSWER b c a d a c b c a d
5-
1- broke 8- noticed 15- was
2- was playing 9- was running 16- was carrying

3- happened 10- was sleeping 17- left
4- were watching 11- ran 18- was breathing
5- was burglarized 12- killed 19- was beginning/began
6- ran 13- was coming 20- went
7- was standing 14- met
6-
1- ask 10- can 19- were rushing
2- invited 11- is 20- were falling/fell
3- said 12- was 21- were crawling
4- did not raise 13- responded 22- saw
5- did you say 14- was 23- looked
6- became/was becoming 15- began 24- seized
7- said 16- ceased 25- yanked
8- said 17- were flying
9- puzzles 18- had seen
7-
a- He said to me (that) he was very happy.
b- He said to me (that) they had stolen his car.
c- He said to me (that) he would help me.
d- He said to me (that) I should not drink this coffee/(that) I’d better not drink this coffee/(that) he did not want
me to drink this coffee/(that) he wanted me not to drink this coffee …/he told me not to drink this coffee.
e- He said to me (that) he could not speak English.
8- a- They were …, had …, and had ….

Were they/they were not … did they have/they did not have … did they have/they did not have
b- The software allowed ….
Did the software allow/the software did not allow
c- This version utilised ….
Did this version utilise/this version did not utilise
d- Organic pollution alarm checked ….
Did organic pollution alarm check/organic pollution alarm did not check
e- CALDB3 stored, filed, scheduled …, communicated …, and printed …, i.e. brought ….
Did CALDB3 store, file, schedule, communicate and print, i.e. bring/CALDB3 did not store, file, schedule,
communicate and print, i.e. bring
9- a- Steve Johnson implements ….

Does Steve Johnson implement/Steve Johnson does not implement
b- C begins ….
Does C begin/ C does not begin
c- Its designer prefers ….
Does its designer prefer/its designer does not prefer
d- ANSI establishes ….
Does ANSI establish/ANSI does not establish
e- The original definition of C frowns on, but permits….
Does the original definition of C frown on but permit/ the original definition of C does not frown on, but does
not permit
10- a- have…recasts / had … would recast Pas d’élément temporel nécessaire : il s’agit d’une phrase
conditionnelle.
b- Shears / sheared …before the second world war.
c- Broadcasts / broadcast … last week on Tuesday.
d- Is … forgo / was … forwent … before having the training session at the university last summer.
e- Loses … seeks / lost … sought … last time he took the train to Bristol.
f- Slay / slew … as soon as they entered the city.
g- Thrust / thrust … when the telephone rang.
h- Slits … saws / slit … sawed … when he tried to repair my mother’s rocking chair.
i- Swears / swore … when he was elected and inaugurated into his office.
j- Winds / wound … before it was straightened up.
k- Waylay / waylaid … around twelve thirty yesterday night.
l- Gilds / gilded … that the stranger brought him in June, without knowing they had been stolen.
m- Grind / ground … to make coffee yesterday for breakfast.

n- Make … heave / made … heaved (hove) … when we tried to go to Roubaix Lake last year.
o- Lades …spills / laded … spilled … when there was that big storm last July.
11- a- Does it ?
b- Weren’t we ?
c- Doesn’t she ?
d- Do you ?
e- Wasn’t I ?
f- Is there ?
g- Do they ?
h- Didn’t we ?
i- Didn’t it ?
j- Don’t I ?
k- Does he ?
l- Didn’t I ?
m- Are there ?
12- a- I am going to go to the USA next summer.

b- The plotter has been out of order for five minutes.
c- It’s snowing so much that the children are skiing in the garden.
d- Very often my parents go to the restaurant on Sunday night.
e- We have just finished our test.
f- I never miss this fascinating program.
g- You can’t talk to him now : he is giving a lecture.
h- My sister spends more time making herself up than you talking.
i- The light of the sun takes about eight minutes to reach us.
j- The water is boiling, go and prepare the tea.
13- a- We rarely buy fish on the market, because Mum often brings it directly back from the fishermen in the
harbor where she works now.
b- When she was much younger, she enjoyed sitting on her father's shoulders. She laughed a lot when he
got up and down the stairs with her on his back.
c- As the present common practice has it, twice or three times a year the staff changes the location of the
goods in the shop, so the customer who looks for something finds something else in its place, and thus
discovers new products.
d- Last week, the new record was dedicated to his mother who had died earlier this year.
e- Every winter our neighbors fly to Florida, but last winter they flew to Australia because they had won a
one-week holiday in Sydney.
f- Yesterday, I met the new manager, we talked together about his new projects for the company. This
evening we eat at the restaurant with the former manager and his wife.
14- a- The children bestrode the old wooden gate yesterday. (être à califourchon sur)
b- The lizards crept between the roof tiles last summer. (ramper, se faufiler)
c- Like many students in London, Mary dwelt in a small attic when she was a student. (résider, vivre,
habiter)
d- Because they were furious yesterday night, they flung their plates across the kitchen. (lancer, jeter)
e- In that case I forbore giving my opinion last year. (s'abstenir, se garder de)
f- The lumber-jack hewed large trunks with an axe in august. (tailler, hacher, couper à la hache)
g- The ivy overgrew the stone wall in the sixties. (couvrir, recouvrir - un mur pour de la végétation)
h- Last week, the explanations you gave, mislaid me more than they helped me. (donner -- égarer -- aider)
i- Ten minutes ago, the cat slunk between the flower-pots and caught the mouse. (se glisser -- attraper)
j- During last week's sales, this shop undercut its prices. (vendre moins cher, couper ses prix)
k- When the police asked her, she strove (strived) hard to remember the car-plate. (s'efforcer, faire un
effort)
l- Last summer the spiders wove their webs between the branches. (tisser)
m- Yesterday night Betty got on my nerves: she always gainsaid what I said. (énerver -- contredire -- dire)
n- At 9 o'clock, the computer misunderstood my message because I misspelt (misspelled) a word. (mal
comprendre, se méprendre -- mal orthographier, faire une faute d'orthographe)
o- Last week you gave me your word and then you forswore it. (donner -- renier)
p- If the guest-stars had an accident, the stage director would recast the actors. (avoir -- redistribuer une
distribution dans un film ou une pièce de théâtre)
q- Last year the shepherd sheared the sheep in the summer. (tondre)
r- Last Tuesday the radio broadcast an interesting program. (diffuser)

s- It was so difficult last Monday, we forwent programming our computer. (être -- renoncer)
t- When my mother called, he lost his wallet and sought it everywhere. (perdre -- chercher)
u- During the last battle, the invaders slew their enemies. (abattre, exécuter)
v- When they attacked the bank last Friday, the thieves thrust the people into the corridor. (pousser)
w- This morning the carpenter slit the piece of wood and sawed it. (fendre -- scier)
x- Last Sunday the president swore to respect the constitution. (jurer)
y- Before being rebuilt, the road wound in the mountain. (serpenter)
z- In the evening the burglars waylaid the policemen in a no-through road. (attirer pour une embuscade)
ai- In the afternoon the goldsmith gilt (gilded) the jewels. (dorer)
bi- This morning, to make some coffee I ground some coffee beans. (moudre)
ci- During the night, we made an effort and hove (heaved) the big stone blocking the road. (faire --
déplacer, bouger quelque chose)
di- At 2 o'clock the lorry-driver laded the goods and spilt (spilled) some of them on the street. (charger --
renverser, répandre par mégarde)
15- a- He WENT to the cinema yesterday.

b- I WILL WRITE to her next week.
c- He MET her last year.
d- When he ARRIVES he will help you.
e- If he worked more, he WOULD SUCCEED.
f- I TOLD her two days ago.
g- I’d rather HAVE a sandwich.
h- Today is Monday; he left on Friday: he HAS TRAVELLED for three days.
i- He went out without TAKING his umbrella.
j- She HAS ALREADY READ the book he GAVE her yesterday.
k- if he arrives early, we WILL GO OUT to the pictures.
l- I WOULD BUY a big car if I had a lot of money.
m- He’ll be pleased if he PASSES his exam.
n- He’d go to America if he HAD enough money.
o- They WILL BE late if they don’t take a taxi.
16- A- They usually … to the clubhouse on Saturday night.

a- have gone b- go c- will go d- are going
B- Bert and Fred … the roll last night.
ne mangeaient pas n’avaient pas mangé n’ont pas mangé
C- The Queen … a handbag when she goes out.
D- I … as many books as you.
je lis j’ai lu
E- The accident … at the mine when John was working.
F- He’ll work with his father when he … twenty.
a- has b- is having c- is d- will be
G- She … a short chat with her mother at the moment.
H- “I … never … such amazing sights before” Fred said.
a- will see b- see c- have seen d- am seeing
I- She understood more quickly than he …
que lui que lui ne l’avait fait
J- I knew … the money on my desk.
a- will take b- take c- is taking d- had taken
K- If you … rich you could buy anything.
a- are b- was c- were d- had been
L- She … the little boy was crying the morning before.
a- notices b- was noticing c- has noticed d- had noticed
M- She … the children when the bell rang.
a- is watching b- was watching c- watched d- had watched
elle regardait elle regarda
ou elle a regardé

N- He wanted … the teacher that the boy had a gun.
a- to tell b- to say c- tell d- telling
O- If the old man were to go, the other patients … him.
a- missed b- had missed c- will miss d- would miss
P- You … much money if you go on holiday with them.
a- don’t need b- didn’t need c- shan’t need d- won’t need
Q- She wishes she … him before.
a- had met b- met c- has met d- meets
R- I wish you ... a millionaire, we’d go around the world.
a- are b- was c- were d- would be
S- He … at a table covered with food when Sid appeared.
a- sits b- is sitting c- sat d- was sitting
il s’assit il était assis
il s’est assis
T- You’d rather come with us, …
a- would you ? b- wouldn’t you ? c- hadn’t you? d- didn’t you?
17- a- The Queen ENJOYS going on holiday at Balmoral.

b- When she TRAVELS abroad, the Queen doesn’t need a passport.
c- The three men AGREED that they were not going to eat the roll that night.
d- He CLEARED his throat before starting his speech.
e- The girl DID NOT LOOK at him while he was talking to her.
f- They knew the accident at the mine might PROVE fatal.
g- It MEANT their son had probably been killed in the accident.
h- She had decided not to go to the clubhouse and nothing would make her CHANGE her mind.
i- Frankie had SPREAD the news that she was going to join her brother in California.
j- Nobody was to TROUBLE the medium once the lights had been switched off.
k- Something may OCCUR tonight, the spirit may come.
l- Elephants are so heavy that they make the earth SHAKE when they’re stampeding across the plains.
m- The lion is the noblest creature I have ever MET.
n- The professor SUGGESTED that the boys should leave next morning.
o- They were EXPECTED to keep everything secret.
p- You DON’T NEED a degree if you want to become an artist.
q- He DIDN’T CHOOSE an outdoor job because he hates staying out in the rain.
r- He enjoyed DEVOTING himself to the poor people.
s- “I’m going to MISS when I’m away” he said.
t- “Children are NOT ALLOWED to carry guns to school, you know” she said.
18- a- It HAS RAINED/HAS BEEN RAINING since last Tuesday.

b- They STOPPED smoking two years ago.
c- He HAS TRIED/HAS BEEN TRYING to solve this problem for hours.
d- I HAVE MET him several times.
e- They PLAY poker every Friday night.
f- He HASN’T SEEN our new neighbor yet.
g- The two players SEEM very tired. They HAVE PLAYEDE/HAVE BEEN PLAYING for two hours now.
h- The money HAS BEEN under the bed for two years now.
i- Sam disapproves of his father KEEPING his treasure here.
j- He RECEIVED a long letter two weeks ago and he WILL PROBABLY ANSWER it next week.
k- When I CAME home last night, everybody WAS WATCHING television.
l- When you SEE Chris, will you ask him for his camera?
19- a- It RAINS a lot in Autumn.

b- On that photo they ARE DANCING.
c- I WAS DOING the washing-up when you PHONED yesterday.
d- He knew he WOULD BE LATE if he couldn’t catch that train.
e- They MUST HAVE MOVED. The house is empty.
f- It the best film I HAVE EVER SEEN.
g- He HAS BEEN LIVING here since 1987.
i- He HAD REPAIRED it the week before.
j- They HAVE KNOWN each other since September.
20- a- Has anyone seen my coat?

b- Have you seen this film? Yes, I saw it last week.
c- He does not wear glasses but he used to.
d- The first time I met him I thought he was American.
e- I have lost all my papers and my car-keys.
f- I stopped seeing him two years ago.
g- I was putting/setting/slipping the key into the door lock when I heard the telephone (ringing).
h- While you were entertaining/enjoying yourself, we were working.
i- I was reading the newspaper when someone knocked on the door.
j- When I saw her I ran away.
k- Employment in the tourist and entertainment industries has doubled in the USA from 1975 to 1990.
Jobs in the tourist and entertainment industries have doubled …
l- Touristic sites/destinations have developed on a great scale as soon as air-transport replaced the trains
that had launched them (that had been at their origin).
m- In the US having a good job in a big firm is one of the surest ways to have some health coverage.
n- If you plan to take a trip to the US, it is advisable to contact the tourist authorities of the particular States
where you want to go.
o- Is hunting banned (forbidden) in all national parks?
p- Can we do any horse-riding in this summer camp (holiday camp, vacation camp)?
q- Tourists who come for the first time are advised to register/enroll on a guided tour.
r- You can have a good night’s rest on Amtrak-sleepers (sleeping cars).
s- The trips from the airport to the skiing resort are not included in the flat/basic rate/price.
t- The next American elections, mid-term elections, will be held in November 2002 to renew the whole House
of Representatives and one third of the Senate.
21- a- It … since Tuesday.

i- rains ii- has been raining iii- is raining iv- rained
b- She … the piano for two hours yesterday.
i- played ii- has played iii- has been playing iv- plays
c- This town … 24 years ago.
i- was destroyed ii- has been destroyed iii- is destroyed iv- destroyed
d- How long … in London?
i- do you live ii- have you been living iii- are you living iv- you live
e- I started learning English … .
i- for 5 years ii- 5 years ago iii- since 1989 iv- when I’m 12
22- a- Usually John CUTS the grass on Saturday afternoon. I DID/AM DOING it today because he IS ill.
b- We DON’T SEE you very often.
c- DO YOU LIKE this country?
d- We HAVE KNOWN them for years.
e- They WERE PLAYING tennis when it STARTED raining yesterday afternoon.
f- They LEARNED Spanish at school when they WERE younger.
g- Look! the neighbors HAVE BOUGHT a new car.
h- While you WERE SLEEPING yesterday afternoon, I WAS RINGING (RANG) the bell like mad and
NEVER GOT an answer.
23- a- Yesterday we WERE PLAYING tennis when it STARTED raining.

b- Last week I WAS WRITING to her when she PHONED me.
c- Last year I BROKE my leg when I WAS PLAYING football.
d- One day as I WAS STANDING on my doorstep I WITNESSED a car crash.
e- When you first SAW me I WAS WORKING by myself.
24- a- Did you go to the theater last Saturday?

b- I saw him twice last week.
c- I often thought of you while you were gone. (I was often thinking of you while you were gone.)
d- I came back last Sunday at 8:00 p.m.
e- We were getting up early during the vacation.
f- We were tired after the game.
g- We went to bed straight away after dinner.
h- We had tea in the garden yesterday.
i- We were having tea when it started raining.
j- They were opening the door when the telephone rang.

THE PROGRESSIVE
A./ SAMPLES
"If you write a letter, you focus on what you are writing, not on the pen. But if you use a word
processor, you focus on the word processor rather than on what you are writing. The aim is to separate the
function from the tool, so that you can think in terms of documents and what you are writing. This is a nice
idea that nearly works." (Byte, February 1991, p. 72IS-12)
"The signs are that the Europeans are letting the laptop market pass by while they build up market
share in the low-volume, high-margin markets of networked systems, servers, and high-powered desktop
PCs and workstations. Roland Dietz, Tulip's marketing director, believes that this policy could be a mistake.
"Notebook computers are especially important because the market is growing very quickly and they are
getting so powerful that the technology is moving to the desktop," says Dietz. He believes that many
people will soon be buying laptops as replacements of their desktop systems, and he thinks that it is
essential for PC suppliers like Tulip to keep in touch with that market." (Byte, February 1991, p. 72IS-17)
"The odds are good that you can find someone who has personal experience in solving almost
exactly the same problem you're trying to solve, or who has very recently dealt with the company you're
considering doing business with. It's an unmatchable resource when you're making every dollar count."
(Byte, February 1991, p. 10)
B./ EXERCISES
1- Rewrite the following sentences using the progressive form when necessary and feasible. Then translate.
a- Paul reads the user's guide of his computer in his office.
b- The electronic industry's ongoing trend toward industrialization initiates changes in the way inductive
components are designed.
c- Specifically, components such as low-frequency and RF chokes, and communications, power and
telephone-line-isolation transformers are all influenced by these trends.
d- The venerable axial-lead units still capture a large portion of the market, and updated designs still emerge.
e- Components aimed at higher signal - and power-level applications are also affected by the trend toward
smaller form factors.
2- Add a temporal clause, first without the progressive, then using the progressive, and then translate the so-
produced sentences.
a- The operator adjusted the brightness and contrast controls.
b- He turned on his monitor and allowed it to warm up for 30 minutes.
c- He made sure there was a display on the monitor.
d- To adjust the brightness and contrast controls, he turned the contrast control all the way counterclockwise.
e- Then he turned the brightness control clockwise until the raster (background scan lines) appeared, then
backed off slightly.
f- The operator adjusted the brightness control so that the background was not seen anymore.
g- He then adjusted the contrast control clockwise until the video was sufficiently bright.
[Cet exercice a été construit à partir de Zenith Data Systems - ZCM-1492 Owner's Manual,
1989.]
3- Turn the sentences produced in the previous exercise into

A- the present
B- the future
4- Rewrite the verbs in the proper tenses, progressive or not.

a- When you [look] for the perfect display to complement your IBM Personal System/2, the 8515 [be] clearly
the one you should choose.
b- The company currently [prototype] delivery boards for software developers and [plan] commercial
products for this quarter.
c- We [want] the same capabilities to be available no matter what platform the program [run] on.
d- We'd like to see applications work in both environments, and we [think] about ways to make that easy, or
even automatic.
e- Hitachi Ltd [develop] a prototype neurocomputer that demonstrates the promise of this emerging
technology.
f- We can guarantee that every Intel Math CoProcessor [live up] to the industry hardware standards we [help]
develop, delivering the same results regardless of what type of computer you [do] calculations on.
[Cet exercice est tiré de Byte, February 1991]

5- Rewrite the sentences and include the temporal phrase in brackets. Then translate.
a- The fitter is welding the part on the body. (for exactly six minutes)
b- The joiner cuts wood with a saw. (for twenty minutes and is taking a rest now.)
c- My neighbor mows his lawn with a lawnmower. (since 10 a.m.)
d- A worker is screwing a bolt onto the frame. (yesterday afternoon when I arrived.)
e- The repairman cleans the engine with care. (for half an hour. Look how dirty his hands are.)
f- The fitter is welding the part on the body. (when the foreman called him ... since 10:00.)
g- The joiner cuts wood with a saw. (two hours before ... when the day came to a close.)
h- My neighbor mows his lawn with a lawnmower. (for twenty minutes ... when the phone rang.)
i- A worker is screwing a bolt onto a frame. (when it was time to go ... for a few minutes.)
j- The repairman cleans the engine with care. (for twenty minutes, but he was finished when I arrived.)
6- Translate into English. Use the progressive form only when necessary.
a- Le moniteur est branché depuis huit heures ce matin.
b- Mon clavier ne fonctionne plus depuis hier.
c- L'imprimante de mon ordinateur fonctionne depuis trois jours sans interruption, et elle n'a pas fait une
seule erreur.
d- L'enfant joue à son jeu électronique depuis ce matin huit heures.
e- Mon collègue de travail a utilisé le VCR depuis huit heures, et il a maintenant fini.
f- Mon collègue de travail utilise le VCR depuis huit heures et il en a encore pour deux heures.
g- Le contremaître explique le fonctionnement de cette machine aux ouvriers depuis deux semaines, depuis
qu'elle est arrivée, et ils n'ont toujours pas compris.
h- La machine ne fonctionne plus très bien depuis dix minutes.
i- Ton ordinateur est utilisé pour du traitement d'image depuis que le nouveau logiciel est arrivé.
j- Mon frère ne sait pas que j'utilise son logiciel musical depuis qu'il est parti.
k- Mon revendeur pense que cet ordinateur est le meilleur depuis qu'il a réussi à exploiter dessus le logiciel
Windows 3.0 à son maximum.
l- Les ordinateurs sont considérés comme des machines indispensables depuis quelques années.
m- Il y a une semaine l'enfant jouait à Rick Dangerous quand je suis rentré de l'école. Il avait oublié qu'il
avait des devoirs à faire.
7- Turn into the interrogative form, then the negative form, and finally the interro-negative form.
a- Those people are looking for a full office automation product that runs across PCs.
b- Portable and laptop computers are showing the fastest sales growth in Europe.
c- European suppliers are finding it difficult to keep up with developments in the U.S. and the Far East.
d- Many people will soon be buying laptops.
e- European suppliers may be either ignoring the laptop market altogether or relying on sales of quickly
rebadged, and often fairly poor quality, products sourced elsewhere.
f- You are using A4 paper.
g- Now we are starting to see good quality color printers.
[Cet exercice est tiré de Byte, February 1991.]
8- Choose the right answer and rewrite with the adverb in its proper place.
a- Nigel … in bed this morning.
i- lazes ii- is lazing
b- In spite of his resolutions, he … (still).
i- smokes ii- is smoking
c- I (always) ... the dog under control, at least I try.
i- keep ii- am keeping
d- Tim (only) … his bike to go to school and back.
i- takes ii- is taking
e- He … vitamin C to fight the epidemic.
i- guzzles ii- is guzzling
f- The vet (1)… the dog (2)… an emergency operation.
(1) i- thinks ii- is thinking
(2) i- needs ii- is needing
g- He is in a bad mood. This (1)… he (2)… better
(1) i- means ii- is meaning
(2) i- feels ii- is feeling
h- When Terry is depressed, I … him to see an old movie.
i- invite ii- am inviting

CORRECTION
1-a- Paul is reading ... Paul est en train de lire le manuel de l'utilisateur de son ordinateur dans son bureau.
b- ... is initiating ... are being designed. La tendance actuelle à la miniaturisation de l'industrie électronique
démarre des changements dans la façon dont les composants inductifs sont conçus en ce moment.
c- ... are all being influenced... Spécifiquement, les composants tels que des bobines d'impédance basse
fréquence ou RF, et des transformateurs de communications, de courant ou d'isolation de lignes de
téléphone sont tous sous l'influence de ces tendances.
d- ... still capture ...: phénomène en régression qui tient encore une certaine place. ... are still capturing ...:
phénomène qui gagne encore du terrain. Cette forme semble difficile. En tout cas, le texte original ne la
choisit pas. ... are still emerging. Les unités vénérables à câble axial tiennent encore une grande part du
marché, et les conceptions plus modernes ne sont encore qu'en train d'émerger.
e- ... are also being affected ... Les composants destinés à des applications plus avancées dans le domaine
des niveaux de signal et de courant sont aussi affectés par la tendance vers des facteurs de forme plus
réduits.
2- a- when he arrived: quand il est arrivé.

while I was preparing the software: tandis que je préparais le logiciel.
b- when he decided to use the computer: quand il a décidé d'utiliser l'ordinateur.
while he was getting his notes ready: tandis qu'il préparait ses notes.
c- when it was warm: quand il fut chaud.
while his coffee was cooling off on his desk: tandis que son café refroidissait sur son bureau.
d- when the unit was ready: quand l'appareil fut prêt.
while the new software was being copied on the hard disk: tandis que le nouveau logiciel se copiait
sur le disque dur.
e- when the contrast was adjusted: quand le contraste fut réglé.
while his assistant was preparing the video tapes: tandis que son assistant préparait les bandes
vidéo.
f- when the VCR was ready to work: quand le VCR fut prêt à fonctionner.
while the VCR was getting ready to work: tandis que le VCR se préparait à fonctionner.
g- when the VCR was loaded: quand le VCR fut chargé.
while the vidéo disk was getting loaded on the VD reader: tandis que le disque vidéo se chargeait
sur le lecteur de disque vidéo.
3- Aa- ... adjusts ... when he arrives

while I am preparing...
Ab- ... turns ... allows ... when he decides...
while he is getting...
Ac- ... makes . .. there is ... when it is warm.
while ... is cooling off...
Ad- ... turns ... when the unit is ready.
while the new software is being copied ...
Ae- ... turns ... until ... appears, then backs off ...
when the contrast is adjusted.
while his assistant is preparing ...
Af- ...adjusts ... is not seen ... when the VCR is ready ...
while the VCR is getting ready ...
Ag- ... adjusts ... until ... is ... when the VCR is loaded.
while the VD is getting loaded ...
Ba- ... will adjust ... when he arrives.
while I am preparing ...
Bb- ...will turn ... and allow ... when he decides ...
while he is getting ...
Bc- ... will make ... there will be ... when it is warm.
while ... is cooling off...
Bd- ... will turn ... when the unit is ready.
while the new software is being copied ...
Be- ... will turn ... until ... appears, then back off ...
when the contrast is adjusted.
while his assistant is preparing...
Bf- ... will adjust ... will not be seen ...
when the VCR is ready ...
while the VCR is getting ready...
Bg- ... will adjust ... until ... is ...

when the VCR is loaded.
while the VD is getting loaded ...
4- a- ... are looking ... is ... Quand vous cherchez le moniteur parfait pour compléter votre Personal System/2
IBM, le 8515 est clairement celui que vous devriez choisir.
b- ... is currently prototyping ... plans ... La compagnie fait à l'heure actuelle des prototypes de plaques de
distribution pour des développeurs de logiciels et elle projette de commercialiser certains produits ce
trimestre.
c- ... want ... is running on ... Nous voulons que les mêmes capacités soient disponibles quelle que soit la
plaque réceptrice sur laquelle le programme fonctionne.
d- ... are thinking ... Nous aimerions voir des applications fonctionner dans les deux environnements, et nous
réfléchissons à des moyens de rendre cela facile, ou même automatique.
e- ... has developed ... Hitachi Ltd a développé un ordinateur neuronique prototype qui démontre les
promesses de cette technologie montante.
f- ... lives up ... helped ... are doing ... Nous pouvons garantir que chaque CoProcesseur Mathématique de
Intel répond aux normes des équipements industriels que nous avons aidés à développer, donnant les
mêmes résultats quel que soit le type d'ordinateur sur lequel vous faites vos calculs.
5- a- ... has been welding ... Le monteur soude la pièce sur le châssis depuis six minutes.
b- ... has cut ... Le menuisier a coupé du bois avec une scie depuis vingt minutes, et maintenant il fait une
pause.
c- ... has been mowing ... Mon voisin tond sa pelouse avec une tondeuse à gazon depuis dix heures.
d- ... was screwing ... Un ouvrier vissait un boulon sur le chassis hier après midi quand je suis arrivé.
e- ...has been cleaning ... Le réparateur nettoie le moteur avec soin depuis une demi-heure. Regarde
combien ses mains sont sales.
f- ... had been welding ... . ... soudait ... depuis dix heures, quand le contremaître l'a appelé.
g- ... had cut ... Deux heures plus tôt, ... avait coupé ... quand la journée se termina.
h- ... had been mowing ... Depuis vingt minutes ... tondait ... quand le téléphone sonna.
i- ... had been screwing ... Quand ce fut l'heure de partir, un ... vissait ... depuis quelques instants.
j- ... had cleaned ... Le réparateur avait nettoyé le moteur ... depuis vingt minutes, mais il avait terminé quand
je suis arrivé.
6-a- The monitor has been on (has been plugged in) since 8 a.m.
b- My keyboard has not worked (has been out of order) since yesterday.
c- The printer of my computer has been printing for three days without stopping and it has not made one
single mistake.
d- The child has been playing with his electronic game since this morning 8:00.
e- My workmate has used the VCR since 8 o'clock and he is now finished with it.
f- My workmate has been using the VCR since 8 o'clock and he still has two hours to go.
g- The foreman has been explaining the functioning of this machine to the workers for two weeks, since it
arrived, and they haven't yet understood (they still haven't understood).
h- The machine has not been working very well for ten minutes.
i- Your computer has been used to process images since the new software arrived.
j- My brother does not know I have been using his musical software since he left.
k- My retailer has been thinking this computer is the best since he succeeded to use the software Windows
3.0 on it at its maximum.
l- Computers have been considered as indispensable machines for several years.
m- A week ago he was playing with Rick Dangerous when I came back from school. He had forgotten he had
homework to do.
7- a- Are those people looking for ...?

Those people are not looking for ...
Aren't those people looking for ...?
b- Are portable and laptop computers showing ...?
Portable and laptop computers are not showing ...
Aren't portable and laptop computers showing ...?
c- Are European suppliers finding ...?
European suppliers are not finding ...
Aren't European suppliers finding ...?
d- Will many people soon be buying ...?
Many people will not soon be buying ...
Won't many people soon be buying ...?
e- May European suppliers be either ignoring ... or relying ...?

European suppliers may not be either ignoring ... or relying ...
Mayn't European suppliers be either ignoring ... or relying ...?
f- Are you using ...?
You are not using ...
Aren't you using ...?
g- Are we starting...?
We are not starting ...
Aren't we starting ...?
8- a- Nigel IS LAZING in bed this morning.

i- lazes ii- is lazing
b- In spite of his resolutions, he STILL SMOKES (no reprobation)/ IS STILL SMOKING (strong reprobation).
i- smokes ii- is smoking
c- I (always) KEEP the dog under control, at least I try.
i- keep ii- am keeping
d- Tim ONLY TAKES his bike to go to school and back.
i- takes ii- is taking
e- He IS GUZZLING vitamin C to fight the epidemic.
i- guzzles ii- is guzzling
f- The vet (1)THINKS the dog (2)IS NEEDING an emergency operation.
(1) i- thinks ii- is thinkingt
(2) i- needs ii- is needing
g- He is in a bad mood. This (1)MEANS he (2)IS FEELING better
(1) i- means ii- is meaning
(2) i- feels ii- is feeling
h- When Terry is depressed, I INVITE him to see an old movie.
i- invite ii- am inviting
VERBAL CONSTRUCTIONS
1- Justify the underlined verbal forms in the following sentences.
a- So you’re having (1) trouble breathing (2), are you? The smiling (3), yellow-haired man pushed
something made (4) of cold metal into Orlando’s mouth.
b- Well, maybe I’d better have (5) a listen, too.
c- Orlando had to hand (6) it to the bastard. He’d never seen (7) Orlando before, but he’d barely reacted (8)
at all, not even that funny look in the eyes Orlando had become (9) used (10) to seeing (11) when people
were working (12) hard at treating (13) him normally.
d- Orlando didn’t like (14) this smooth-talking (15) rich people’s doctor. He could also tell (16) that the slick
young medicine man wasn’t very comfortable with the ‘special circumstances’, ..., but much as he would
have (17) liked (18) to, Orlando couldn’t really hold (19) that against him.
e- His mother’s tone unmistakably told him not to embarrass (20) her by being (21) a stubborn little bastard
in front of this nice young man.
f- The doctor smiled and bobbed his head, then sauntered out of the examining (22) room. Watching (23)
him go (24), Orlando wondered if he’d gone (25) to some special creepy suck-up-to-rich-patients school.
g- What are they going (26) to do (27)? It’s pneumonia. They’re going (28) to give (29) me contrabiotics
just like the other times. What difference does it make (30) where I am? Besides I hate that place. It looks
like they had some horrible person come (31) in and decorate (32) it so the rich jerkies who come here
would feel (33) like when they get sick it’s not like normal people getting (34) sick.
h- A smile tugged at the corner of Vivien’s mouth, but she did her best to suppress (35) it. ‘No one’s saying
(36) you’re supposed (37) to like (38) it. But this is your health we’re talking (39) about...’ ‘No, it’s whether
I’m going (40) to die (41) from pneumonia this time, or from something else next week or next month. He
slid off the examining (42) table and began pulling (43) his shirt on. Even that effort made him feel (44)
weak and short of breath. He looked away, determined (45) to hide (46) how miserable he felt. Otherwise
the whole thing would be (47) too much like a bad flick.
(Tad Williams, Otherland)

1- He spend hours ... his tie every morning.

A-choosing b-to choose c-having chosen d- in choosing
2- What caused ... disliked by her fellow students?

A- she was b-being c-to be d-her to be
3- I must remember ... the tap before leaving.

A- turning off b-turn off c-to turning off d-to turn off
4- There’s nothing ... . We won’t save him.

A-to do b-to be done c-doing d-to doing
5- What did you think of the play? -- ... I didn’t like it very much.
A- to be honest b-to being honest c-being honest d-if I be honest
6- She is not used ... left by herself.

A-to being b-to be c-been d-having been
7- Your expectations ... into a lot of money have been fulfilled.

A-your coming b-coming c-to come d-of coming
8- Your dress needs ...

A-to be shortened b-being shortened c-shortening d-be shortened
9- If I ever have occasion ... you, I will not miss it.

A-to punish b-of punishing c-to punishing d-by punishing.
10- I must remember ... the gardener that the garden needs ...
A-To remind/watering b-to remind to/watering c-reminding/being watered d-reminding to/being
watered
11- The US ... other members of the fund.

A- are ready to commit themselves to consulting b-is ready to commit itself to consult
c-are ready to commit themselves to consult d-is ready to commit itself to consulting
12- I am not ... called a liar.

A-used to be b-used to being c-in the habit to being d-used to have been
13- There is probably ... that the burglar may have escaped through the open window.
A-no reason to denying b-nothing to deny c-not to deny d-no denying
14- This floor is very dirty, it wants ...

A-washing b-to wash c-being washed d-to washing
15- I used ... tea while in England.

A-drinking b-being drinking c-to drinking d-to drink
16- Is he satisfied with his pupils? -- No, he wants ... more attentive.
A-that they may be b-them being c-them to be d-their being
17- She practices the violin in addition ... all her homework.
A-to do b-to make c-to doing d-to making
18- I remember ... with him in the choir.

A-to have sung b-to sing c-singing having sung
19- Petrarch is given credit ... the sonnet.

A-to perfect b-from perfecting c-for perfecting d-on perfecting
20- Why ... so absurd as to fight?

A-be b-being c-to be d-should be
21- We have been made ... much too long.

a-waiting b-wait c-to wait d-to have waiting

22- What do you take the sentence "Stick them up" ... ?
a-means b-to mean c-meaning d-for meaning
23- The doctor had devoted his whole life to ... tropical diseases.
a-have fought b-fight c-having fought d-fighting
24- She's married? I'm interested ... that.

a-hearing b-in hearing c-to hear d-by hearing
25- This unfortunate decision leaves one ... cheated.

a-to feeling b-feeling c-feel d-to feel
26- There's ... what he thinks

a-no telling b-not telling c-no tale d-not to tell
27- Would you like ... till they come?

a-me wait b-me waiting c-me to wait d-that I wait
28- "You'll be angry if I tell you." -- "I promise ..."

a-not to be b-not being c-not be d-I'm not
29- They did not intend ...

a-she knew b-her to know c-her knowledge d-for her to know
30- It's no use ... with Jack.

a-to reason b-in reasoning c-reasoning d-reason
31- It took four years for the Royal Commission ... its task.
a-having completed b-complete c-completing d-to complete
32- Are you in favor of juvenile delinquents ... dealt with by ordinary courts?
a-would be b-be c-are d-being
33- ... his gun to his eye, he took slow, careful aim.
a-In raising b-For raising c-Once raised d-Raising
34- "You seem very stiff this morning." -- Well, I'm not used ... in a tent."
a-to sleep b-to sleeping c-having slept d-to have slept
35- This job must ... by tomorrow midday.

a-complete b-have completed c-be completed d-being completed
36- Let him ... what he likes ... .

a-doing/doing b-to do/done c-to be doing/do d-do/doing
37- Do you realize your train leaves in a few minutes? --Yes, you're right; I'd better ... right now.
a-going b-be going c-to go d-have gone
38- I dislike ... us so often.

a-that he visit b-he visits c-that he visits d-his visiting
39- I'm going for a swim, what about you? -- Well, honestly I don't feel ... .
a-like swimming b-for swimming c-about to swim d-swimming
40- I can't say we are looking forward ... so early.

a-to start work b-to starting work c-starting work d-for starting work
41- He was made ............... his bag.

A- carry b- carrying c- to carrying d- to carry
42- I remember ............... that city two years ago.

a- to visit b- visit c- visiting d- to have visited

43- His latest novel is not even worth ...............
a- mention b- to mention c- mentioning d- be mentioned
44- Unfortunately, he had been seen ............... the door.

a- to lock b- locked c- lock d- on locking
45- He had to leave early ............... his train.

a- not to miss b- for not missing c- that he would not miss d- and not to miss
46- It was much too late ...............

a- that we did something b- for us to do something c- for we did something
d- that we do something
47- No prince ever caused less blood ...............

a- to shed b- to be shed c- to be shedding d- to have been shed
48- They’d like ............... more often.

a- that he wrote b- he should write c- him to write d- him writing
49- He should see you before ...............

a- to make up his mind b- making up one’s mind c- to make up one’s mind
d- making up his mind
50- Billy’s attitude resulted in ...............

a- his being dismissed b- him to be dismissed c- his dismissing
d- him to dismiss
51- I heard him ............... so, so many times.

a- to be saying b- say c- said d- to say
52- Don’t let the fire ...............

a- go out b- gone out c- going out d- to go out
53- I don’t think it’s really worth...............

a- consider b- to consider c- considering d- of considering
54- Although he has stopped ............... cigarettes, he still smokes occasionally.

a- and bought b- to buy c- buying d- the buying
55- It makes ............... to scream.

a- my wanting b- that I want c- me want d- I want
56- It was still too early ...............

a- that we left b- for us to leave c- for we left d- that we leave
57- Forgive us ............... late.

a- to arrive b- for arriving c- of arriving d- we arrive
58- In fact, he does not know how ...............

a- to do it b- do it c- doing it d- for doing it
59- He was clearly disturbed at the possibility of his rival ............... the club.
a- to join b- join c- should join d- joining
60- If you don’t want her to call, now is the time to tell her ...............
a- not to do b- not to c- of not doing d- she doesn’t
3- Circle the right solution and justify your choice

1- I am looking forward to …………………
a- hearing from you b- hear you c- be allowed to hear you d- have to hear you
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Do not let your children …………………

a- run b- to run c- running d- to have run
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3- The men were made ………………… me.
a- to respect b- respect c- be respecting d- to be respecting
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4- We had them ………………… another way.
a- took b- take c- to take d- taking
Justification
5- Do you remember ………………… the door before your left.
a- closing b- to close c- close d- to have closed
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
6- What made ………………… his mind ?
a- change b- him change c- he changed d- for him to change
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
7- I want you ………………… for dinner.
a- staying b- stay c- to stay d- stayed
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
8- He stopped ………………… because he was tired.
a- having a rest b- have a rest c- that he had a rest d- to have a rest
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
9- I want ………………… this desk in office 145.
a- that you put b- you to put c- you put d- you putting
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
10- I have read about ………………… cold and calculating.
a- that she is b- her being c- her to be d- she might be
Justification : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Integrate the sentences in the phrases given in brackets. Give all solutions.
a- The man plays the piano tonight on television. (I am watching)
b- The technician looked at the VCR and went away. (Paul could see)
c- The TV doesn’t have nice clear colors (My mother doesn’t like)
d- My brother and I go to the cinema every Friday night. ( My uncle can’t stand)
e- He unplugged the TV and plugged his radio instead. ( He caught the news by)
f- This show demonstrates a high level of studio interferences. ( We are accustomed to)
g- Peter watched the news program. Peter recorded the concert. ( Our teacher prefers … to …)
h- He forgets to check the voltage all the time. ( He can’t help)
i- She didn’t put the show on the air. (He was surprised at)
j- The student broke the tape again. ( The tutor couldn’t stand)
k- The boy plays tennis every time he can. (His mother likes)
l- Trains make a lot of noise at night. (My teacher can’t bear)
m- The old woman boils her soup on the fire. (The girl disliked)
n- We go to the bookstore twice a day. (He can see)
o- The child broke up his bicycle yesterday. (I could hear)
p- Boys and girls like one another too much. (The priest could not help)
q- The dog barked a lot. The dog slept all the time. (My friend prefers … to …)
r- This idiotic child is laughing most of the time. (I was surprised at)
s- The lion hurt the man very much. (The lion couldn’t help)
t- The child will drink a lot of coke. (The child will make himself happy by)
u- The child plays the flute every night (My sister was accustomed to)
v- Cars run too much in this town. (My uncle can’t stand)
w- The girl bakes a cake in the oven.(I don’t like)
x- They go to church morning and evening. (I am listening to)
y- She destroyed her car last month. (I was able to hear)
z- Daughters and sisters like one another a lot. (I couldn’t stand)
ai- The driver said hello. The driver didn’t look at us. (My friend prefers … to …)
bi- this poor woman is speaking all the time. (He was surprised at)
ci- The dog bit the boy very cruelly. (The dog couldn’t help)
di- The child will eat a lot of ice-cream. (The child will make himself sick by)
ei- The boy plays the trumpet tomorrow. ( I will be able to hear)
fi- Dogs bark in this town. ( I am listening to)
gi- She cooks soup in the kitchen. (I couldn’t stand)
hi- They go to the swimming-pool every Sunday. (He was surprised at)
ii- He broke his bike last week. (He didn’t go to work by)

ji- The boys and girls laugh a lot. (The boys and girls can’t help)
ki Paul bought a beer. Paul bought a glass of wine. (My mother prefers … to …)
li- That man is sleeping all the time. (I don’t like)
mi- The girl jumped into the bed very violently. (My uncle can’t stand)
ni- The cat ate a lot of meat. ( My sister was accustomed to)
oi- The man plays the piano tonight. (I am listening to)
pi- The birds sing a lot in this garden. (I can hear)
qi- She cooks soup in the kitchen. (I don’t like)
ri- We play football every Sunday. ( My uncle can’t stand)
si- He broke his arms yesterday. (He didn’t go to school by)
ti- The children complain a lot. ( My mother is accustomed to)
ui- Paul read a book. Paul wrote a letter. ( My father prefers … to …)
vi- He laughs all the time. ( He can’t help)
wi- She entered the room very noisily. ( He was surprised at)
xi- The dog barked last night. (I couldn’t stand)
5- Multiple Choice Questionnaire.

a- I find it hard … why he made that mistake.
i- that I explain ii- in explaining iii- if I explain iv- to explain
b- Her students like her in spite … very strict.
i- that she is ii- of being iii- to be iv- of her being
c- Would you mind … over there?
i- and sit ii- to sit iii- sitting iv- to sitting
d- What policy would imply some countries … out of certain markets.
i- they opted ii- opting iii- to opt iv- to be opted
e- How should the firm set about … their new policy?
i- introduced ii- introducing iii- to introduce iv- having introduced
f- Outsiders have no business … in our internal affairs.
i- interfere ii- interfering iii- of interference iv- interfered
g- It was ridiculous …
i- of you to go there ii- of your going there iii- that you go there iv- you to go there
h- Are boys never … football because of the bad falls they may have?
i- to have played ii- to play iii- playing iv- at playing
i- Was it fear … a fool of? He didn’t answer.
i- he was made ii- of being made iii- being made iv- his being made
j- Tensions in the community are beginning to ease, but for some reasons … to do with racial tolerance.
i- to have little ii- to have few iii- having little iv- having few
k- She is just saying that … polite.
i- to be ii- being iii- and is iv- as
l- It made … uncomfortable.
i- my feeling ii- that I felt iii- me feel iv- me feeling
m- We visited that village with a view to … there.
i- having retired ii- retire iii- being retired iv- retiring
n- It’s a terrible feeling never … what’s going to happen next.
i- know ii- knowing iii- known iv- you know
o- We apologize … this unfortunate mistake.
i- making ii- to have made iii- for making iv- that we made
p- For this … possible, the structure of the movement must be changed.
i- to be ii- being iii- is iv- be
q- “Do you like all of your classes?” – “Yes, but I dislike … English.”
i- study ii- to study the iii- studying iv- studying the
r- I’m sorry … you … so long.
i- to have kept/from waiting ii- to keep/from waiting iii- keeping/waiting
iv- to have kept/waiting
s- I fear that inflation …
i- is here on a stay ii- is staying here iii- is here to stay iv- stays here
t- He was afraid to let himself …
i- to go ii- going iii- go iv- be going
u- She won’t accept … like that.
i- to be spoken to ii- be spoken to iii- being spoken to iv- we speak to her
v- I had never been told about Scotland … different from England.
i- as to be so ii- to be so iii- being so iv- as being as
w- We shall always have bureaucrats … us to fill up endless forms.

i- ask to ii- ask iii- asking to iv- asking
x- She had not expected him … interested.
i- being ii- to be iii- be iv- to being
y- He hadn’t realized I wanted … at once.
i- he would come ii- him to come iii- he came iv- his coming
z- There is a danger …
i- to snow heavily ii- of snowing heavily iii- of heavy snow iv- it snows heavily
ai- Sea water is known … a huge quantity of sodium and magnesium.
i- containing ii- as to contain iii- that it contains iv- to contain
bi- I couldn’t think which to be worse, his caring or his … any more.
i- caring not ii- not caring iii- no caring iv- none caring
ci- You become used to … your watch show the time in glowing red numerals.
i- seeing ii- the seeing iii- see iv- having seen
di- His health has much improved since he …
i- stopped smoking ii- has stopped to smoke iii- stopped to smoke
iv- stopped and did not smoke
CORRECTION
1- 1- Progressive form : BE + V-ing
2- Present Participle, Participle clause (proposition participiale)
3- Present participle used as an attributive (épithète) adjective
4- Past participle used as an attributive adjective, after the noun because of its complement “of cold metal”
5- ‘d better + V
6- Obligation : HAVE + TO V (full infinitive)
7- Pluperfect : HAVE + Past Participle
8- idem
9- idem
10- Past participle after copula verb (verbe d’état), used as a predicative (attribut) adjective
11- BE USED + preposition TO + V-ing
12- progressive form : BE + V-ing
13- Preposition + V-ing
14- Negative form DO NOT + V
15- present participle used as an attributive adjective
16- Modal + V
17- Modal + V = conditional
18- Past participle : past conditional : WOULD + HAVE + past participle
19- Modal + V
20- Tell + TO V : order
21- preposition + V-ing
22- verbal noun used as the first element of a compound noun : examining room = a room for the action of
examining, where doctors do their examining of the patients.
23- Present participle, participle clause
24- verb of perception + V
25- Pluperfect : HAVE + past participle
27- BE GOING + TO V (full infinitive) : futur immédiat (imminent future, near future or whatever you want to
call it)
28- idem 26
29- idem 27
30- Interrogative form DO + V
31- Causative HAVE + V
32- idem
33- Modal + V = conditional
34- preposition + V-ing
35- Goal infinitive : TO V (infinitif de but)
37- Passive voice : BE + past participle
38- BE SUPPOSED + TO V : order, instruction
40- idem
41- BE GOING + TO V : imminent future

42- verbal noun, see 22 : examining table : table for the action of examining, where doctors do their
examining of the patients.
43- BEGIN + V-ing
44- causative MAKE + V
45- past participle used as an appositive adjective (adjectif apposé)
46- DETERMINED + TO VE : goal infinitive
47- modal + V : conditional

1- He spend hours ... his tie every morning.
A- choosing b- to choose c- having chosen d- in choosing
2- What caused ... disliked by her fellow students?

A- she was b- being c-to be d-her to be
3- I must remember ... the tap before leaving.

A- turning off b-turn off c-to turning off d-to turn off
4- There’s nothing ... . We won’t save him.

A-to do b-to be done c-doing d-to doing
5- What did you think of the play? -- ... I didn’t like it very much.
A- to be honest b-to being honest c-being honest d-if I be honest
6- She is not used ... left by herself.

A-to being b-to be c-been d-having been
7- Your expectations ... into a lot of money have been fulfilled.

A-your coming b-coming c-to come d-of coming
8- Your dress needs ...

A-to be shortened b-being shortened c-shortening d-be shortened
9- If I ever have occasion ... you, I will not miss it.

A-to punish b-of punishing c-to punishing d-by punishing.
10- I must remember ... the gardener that the garden needs ...
A-To remind/watering b-to remind to/watering c-reminding/being watered d-reminding to/being
watered
11- The US ... other members of the fund.

A- are ready to commit themselves to consulting b-is ready to commit itself to consult
c-are ready to commit themselves to consult d-is ready to commit itself to consulting
12- I am not ... called a liar.

A-used to be b-used to being c-in the habit to being d-used to have been
13- There is probably ... that the burglar may have escaped through the open window.
A-no reason to denying b-nothing to deny c-not to deny d-no denying
14- This floor is very dirty, it wants ...

A-washing b-to wash c-being washed d-to washing
15- I used ... tea while in England.

A-drinking b-being drinking c-to drinking d-to drink
16- Is he satisfied with his pupils? -- No, he wants ... more attentive.

A-that they may be b-them being c-them to be d-their being
17- She practices the violin in addition ... all her homework.
A-to do b-to make c-to doing d-to making
18- I remember ... with him in the choir.

A-to have sung b-to sing c-singing having sung
19- Petrarch is given credit ... the sonnet.

A-to perfect b-from perfecting c-for perfecting d-on perfecting
20- Why ... so absurd as to fight?

A-be b-being c-to be d-should be
21- We have been made ... much too long.

a-waiting b-wait c-to wait d-to have waiting
22- What do you take the sentence "Stick them up" ... ?
a-means b-to mean c-meaning d-for meaning
23- The doctor had devoted his whole life to ... tropical diseases.
a-have fought b-fight c-having fought d-fighting
24- She's married? I'm interested ... that.

a-hearing b-in hearing c-to hear d-by hearing
25- This unfortunate decision leaves one ... cheated.

a-to feeling b-feeling c-feel d-to feel
26- There's ... what he thinks

a-no telling b-not telling c-no tale d-not to tell
27- Would you like ... till they come?

a-me wait b-me waiting c-me to wait d-that I wait
28- "You'll be angry if I tell you." -- "I promise ..."

a-not to be b-not being c-not be d-I'm not
29- They did not intend ...

a-she knew b-her to know c-her knowledge d-for her to know
30- It's no use ... with Jack.

a-to reason b-in reasoning c-reasoning d-reason
31- It took four years for the Royal Commission ... its task.
a-having completed b-complete c-completing d-to complete
32- Are you in favor of juvenile delinquents ... dealt with by ordinary courts?
a-would be b-be c-are d-being
33- ... his gun to his eye, he took slow, careful aim.
a-In raising b-For raising c-Once raised d-Raising
34- "You seem very stiff this morning." -- Well, I'm not used ... in a tent."
a-to sleep b-to sleeping c-having slept d-to have slept

35- This job must ... by tomorrow midday.
a-complete b-have completed c-be completed d-being completed
36- Let him ... what he likes ... .

a-doing/doing b-to do/done c-to be doing/do d-do/doing
37- Do you realize your train leaves in a few minutes? --Yes, you're right; I'd better ... right now.
a-going b-be going c-to go d-have gone
38- I dislike ... us so often.

a-that he visit b-he visits c-that he visits d-his visiting
39- I'm going for a swim, what about you? -- Well, honestly I don't feel ... .
a-like swimming b-for swimming c-about to swim d-swimming
40- I can't say we are looking forward ... so early.

a-to start work b-to starting work c-starting work d-for starting work
41- He was made ............... his bag.

A- carry b- carrying c- to carrying d- to carry
42- I remember ............... that city two years ago.

a- to visit b- visit c- visiting d- to have visited
43- His latest novel is not even worth ...............

a- mention b- to mention c- mentioning d- be mentioned
44- Unfortunately, he had been seen ............... the door.

a- to lock b- locked c- lock d- on locking
45- He had to leave early ............... his train.

a- not to miss b- for not missing c- that he would not miss d- and not to miss
46- It was much too late ...............

a- that we did something b- for us to do something c- for we did something
d- that we do something
47- No prince ever caused less blood ...............

a- to shed b- to be shed c- to be shedding d- to have been shed
48- They’d like ............... more often.

a- that he wrote b- he should write c- him to write d- him writing
49- He should see you before ...............

a- to make up his mind b- making up one’s mind c- to make up one’s mind
d- making up his mind
50- Billy’s attitude resulted in ...............

a- his being dismissed b- him to be dismissed c- his dismissing
d- him to dismiss
51- I heard him ............... so, so many times.

a- to be saying b- say c- said d- to say
52- Don’t let the fire ...............

a- go out b- gone out c- going out d- to go out
53- I don’t think it’s really worth...............

a- consider b- to consider c- considering d- of considering
54- Although he has stopped ............... cigarettes, he still smokes occasionally.

a- and bought b- to buy c- buying d- the buying
55- It makes ............... to scream.

a- my wanting b- that I want c- me want d- I want
56- It was still too early ...............

a- that we left b- for us to leave c- for we left d- that we leave
57- Forgive us ............... late.

a- to arrive b- for arriving c- of arriving d- we arrive
58- In fact, he does not know how ...............

a- to do it b- do it c- doing it d- for doing it
59- He was clearly disturbed at the possibility of his rival ............... the club.
a- to join b- join c- should join d- joining
60- If you don’t want her to call, now is the time to tell her ...............
a- not to do b- not to c- of not doing d- she doesn’t
3- 1- I am looking forward to …………………

a- hearing from you b- hear you c- be allowed to hear you d- have to hear you
Justification : after the preposition « to » we use the V-ing form.
2- Do not let your children …………………
a- run b- to run c- running d- to have run
Justification : After the imperative auxiliary « let » we use the incomplete infinitive.
3- The men were made ………………… me.
a- to respect b- respect c- be respecting d- to be respecting
Justification : After a passivized active causative (« were made ») we use the full infinitive.
4- We had them ………………… another way.
a- took b- take c- to take d- taking
Justification : After the active causative (« had ») we use the incomplete infinitive.
5- Do you remember ………………… the door before your left.
a- closing b- to close c- close d- to have closed
Justification : After « remember » we use the V-ing form when it concerns a past action.
6- What made ………………… his mind ?
a- change b- him change c- he changed d- for him to change
Justification : After an active causative (« made ») we use a Noun Phrase + the incomplete infinitive.
7- I want you ………………… for dinner.
a- staying b- stay c- to stay d- stayed
Justification : Verbs expressing someone’s will or desire (« want ») are followed by the full infinitive.
8- He stopped ………………… because he was tired.
a- having a rest b- have a rest c- that he had a rest d- to have a rest
Justification : The action that is done after stopping is a full infinitive expressing a goal action.
9- I want ………………… this desk in office 145.
a- that you put b- you to put c- you put d- you putting
Justification : Verbs expressing someone’s will or desire (« want ») are followed by a Noun Phrase + the full
infinitive.
10- I have read about ………………… cold and calculating.
a- that she is b- her being c- her to be d- she might be
Justification : After a preposition we use a V-ing form, with a Noun Phrase before (if necessary).

4- a- I am watching the man playing/play the piano tonight on television.
b- Paul could see the technician looking at/look at the VCR and going/go away.
c- My mother doesn’t like The TV not having nice clear colors.
d- My uncle can’t stand my brother and me/my brother’s and my going to the cinema every Friday night.
e- He caught the news by unplugging the TV and plugging his radio instead.
f- We are accustomed to this show demonstrating a high level of studio interferences.
g- Our teacher prefers Peter/Peter’s watching the news program to Peter/Peter’s recording the concert.
h- He can’t help forgetting to check the voltage all the time.
i- He was surprised at her not putting the show on the air.
j- The tutor couldn’t stand the student/the student’s breaking the tape again.
k- His mother likes the boy/the boy’s playing tennis every time he can.
l- My teacher can’t bear trains/trains’ making a lot of noise at night.
m- The girl disliked the old woman/the old woman’s boiling her soup on the fire.
n- He can see us going/go to the bookstore twice a day.
o- I could hear the child breaking up/ break up his bicycle yesterday.
p- The priest could not help boys and girls/boys and girls’ liking one another too much.
q- My friend prefers the dog/the dog’s barking a lot to it/its sleeping all the time.
r- I was surprised at this idiotic child/this idiotic child’s laughing most of the time.
s- The lion couldn’t help hurting the man very much.
t- The child will make himself happy by drinking a lot of Coke.
u- My sister was accustomed to the child/the child’s playing the flute every night.
v- My uncle can’t stand the cars/the cars’ running too much in this town.
w- I don’t like the girl/the girl’s baking a cake in the oven.
x- I am listening to them going/them go to church morning and evening.
y- I was able to hear her destroy/her destroying her car last month.
z- I couldn’t stand daughters and sisters/daughters and sisters’ liking one another a lot.
ai- My friend prefers the driver/the driver’s saying hello to him/his not looking at us.
bi- He was surprise at this poor woman/this poor woman’s speaking all the time.
ci- The dog couldn’t help biting the boy very cruelly.
di- The child will make himself sick by eating a lot of ice-cream.
ei- I will be able to hear the boy playing/play the trumpet tomorrow.
fi- I am listening to the dogs bark/the dogs barking in this town.
gi- I couldn’t stand her cooking soup in the kitchen.
hi- He was surprised at them/their going to the swimming-pool every Sunday.
ii- He didn’t go to work by breaking his bike last week.
ji- The boys and girls can’t help laughing a lot.
ki- My mother prefers Paul/Paul’s buying a beer to him/his buying a glass of wine.
li- I don’t like that man/that man’s sleeping all the time.
mi- My uncle can’t stand the girl/the girl’s jumping into the bed violently.
ni- My sister was accustomed to the cat/the cat’s eating a lot of meat.
oi- I am listening to the man playing/the man play the piano tonight.
pi- I can hear the birds singing/the birds sing a lot in the garden.
qi- I don’t like her cooking soup in the kitchen.
ri- My uncle can’t stand us/our playing football every Sunday.
si- He didn’t go to school by breaking his arms yesterday.
ti- My mother is accustomed to the children/the children’s complaining a lot.
ui- My father prefers Paul/Paul’s reading a book to him/his writing a letter.
vi- He can’t help laughing all the time.
wi- He was surprised at her entering the room very noisily.
xi- I couldn’t stand the dog/the dog’s barking last night.
5- a- I find it hard … why he made that mistake.

i- that I explain ii- in explaining iii- if I explain iv- to explain
b- Her students like her in spite … very strict.
i- that she is ii- of being iii- to be iv- of her being
c- Would you mind … over there?
i- and sit ii- to sit iii- sitting iv- to sitting
d- What policy would imply some countries … out of certain markets.
i- they opted ii- opting iii- to opt iv- to be opted
e- How should the firm set about … their new policy?
i- introduced ii- introducing iii- to introduce iv- having introduced
f- Outsiders have no business … in our internal affairs.

i- interfere ii- interfering iii- of interference iv- interfered
g- It was ridiculous …
i- of you to go there ii- of your going there iii- that you go there iv- you to go there
h- Are boys never … football because of the bad falls they may have?
i- to have played ii- to play iii- playing iv- at playing
i- Was it fear … a fool of? He didn’t answer.
i- he was made ii- of being made iii- being made iv- his being made
j- Tensions in the community are beginning to ease, but for some reasons … to do with racial tolerance.
i- to have little ii- to have few iii- having little iv- having few
k- She is just saying that … polite.
i- to be ii- being iii- and is iv- as
l- It made … uncomfortable.
i- my feeling ii- that I felt iii- me feel iv- me feeling
m- We visited that village with a view to … there.
i- having retired ii- retire iii- being retired iv- retiring
n- It’s a terrible feeling never … what’s going to happen next.
i- know ii- knowing iii- known iv- you know
o- We apologize … this unfortunate mistake.
i- making ii- to have made iii- for making iv- that we made
p- For this … possible, the structure of the movement must be changed.
i- to be ii- being iii- is iv- be
q- “Do you like all of your classes?” – “Yes, but I dislike … English.”
i- study ii- to study the iii- studying iv- studying the
r- I’m sorry … you … so long.
i- to have kept/from waiting ii- to keep/from waiting iii- keeping/waiting
iv- to have kept/waiting
s- I fear that inflation …
i- is here on a stay ii- is staying here iii- is here to stay iv- stays here
t- He was afraid to let himself …
i- to go ii- going iii- go iv- be going
u- She won’t accept … like that.
i- to be spoken to ii- be spoken to iii- being spoken to iv- we speak to her
v- I had never been told about Scotland … different from England.
i- as to be so ii- to be so iii- being so iv- as being as
w- We shall always have bureaucrats … us to fill up endless forms.
i- ask to ii- ask iii- asking to iv- asking
x- She had not expected him … interested.
i- being ii- to be iii- be iv- to being
y- He hadn’t realized I wanted … at once.
i- he would come ii- him to come iii- he came iv- his coming
z- There is a danger …
i- to snow heavily ii- of snowing heavily iii- of heavy snow iv- it snows heavily
ai- Sea water is known … a huge quantity of sodium and magnesium.
i- containing ii- as to contain iii- that it contains iv- to contain
bi- I couldn’t think which to be worse, his caring or his … any more.
i- caring not ii- not caring iii- no caring iv- none caring
ci- You become used to … your watch show the time in glowing red numerals.
i- seeing ii- the seeing iii- see iv- having seen
di- His health has much improved since he …
i- stopped smoking ii- has stopped to smoke iii- stopped to smoke
iv- stopped and did not smoke
WANT TO, VOLITION VERBS

1- Integrate the following sentences in the main clause: “PAUL WANTS …”
a- He has shown his stamp collection to Miss Smart.
b- She has found another flat for her parents.
c- The government grants a scholarship to your brother.

d- She has brought a flower vase for Mum.
e- My older brother in Canada gave the right answer to Bob and Pete at once.
f- You don’t water these flowers too much.
g- They can stop smoking at once.
h- His father thinks we must stay outside.
i- They moved to Devon last year.
j- My sister will burst out laughing.
2- Integrate the following sentences in the main clause: “PAUL WANTS …”

a- She is strong, she can lift this.
b- He asks the doctor what he should do.
c- Your neighbor told me he’d better move than go on like this.
d- He listens carefully to everything she said.
e- The soldiers cannot lose the battle.
f- Mary fid not have enough time.
g- They will recognize him at first sight.
h- The country produces more oil than we need.
i- Her accent is getting good these days.
j- The man has been under the pressure of his close friends for years.

a- Paul veut que sa sœur lui apporte le journal.
b- L’enfant voulait que son père joue du piano.
c- L’homme ne voudra pas que je traverse son jardin.
d- Un homme voulait que je lui indique l’heure.
e- Si j’avais le temps je voudrais aller au cinéma.
f- Voulez-vous me dire si je peux partir?
g- Le chien ne voulait pas sortir de la voiture.
h- Il a voulu partir hier mais je n’ai pas voulu.
i- Elles souhaitent que mon frère lise ce livre ce soir.
j- Voudriez-vous bien me dire où est votre mère?
4- Build sentences following the example.

Paul is a nice person. Mary wants Paul to be a nice person.
Then translate your sentences.
a- The weather is nice.
b- The plane left yesterday at 12:00.
c- The man does not read the book in the classroom.
d- A child is making a lot of noise this afternoon.
e- The sun will shine all morning during the festival.
f- My car was very dirty yesterday night.
g- The computer worked all week last week.
h- Your secretary is looking for you in the garden.
i- The keys are lost once again.
j- The pupil knows all his lessons.
CORRECTION
1- a- Paul wants to have shown his stamp collection to Miss Smart.
b- Paul wants her to have found another flat for her parents.
c- Paul wants the government to grant a scholarship to your brother.
d- Paul wants her to have brought a flower vase for Mum.
e- Paul wants my older brother in Canada to have given the right answer to Bob and Pete at once.
f- Paul wants you not to water these flowers so much.
g- Paul wants them to be able to stop smoking at once.
h- Paul wants his father to think we must stay outside.
i- Paul wants them to have moved to Devon last year.
j- Paul wants my sister to burst out laughing.
2- a- Paul wants her to be strong, to be able to lift this.

b- Paul wants to ask the doctor what he should do.
c- Paul wants your neighbor to have told me he’d better move than go on like this.
d- Paul wants to listen carefully to everything she said.

e- Paul wants the soldiers not to be able to lose the battle.
f- Paul wants Mary not to have enough time.
g- Paul wants them to recognize him at first sight.
h- Paul wants the country to produce more oil than we need.
i- Paul wants her accent to be getting good these days.
j- Paul wants the man to have been under the pressure of his close friends for years.
3- a- Paul wants his sister to bring him the paper.

b- The child wanted his father to play the piano.
c- The man will not want me to cross his garden.
d- A man wanted me to tell him the time.
e- If I had time I would like (would want) to go to the cinema.
f- Could you tell me if I can go?
g- The dog did not want to get out of the car.
h- He wanted to go yesterday but I didn’t want him to.
i- They wish my brother would read this book tonight.
j- Could you tell me where your mother is?
4- a- Mary wants the weather to be nice.

Marie veut qu’il fasse beau.
b- Mary wanted the plane to leave yesterday at 12:00.
Marie voulait que l’avion parte hier à midi.
c- Mary wants the man not to read the book in the classroom.
Marie veut que l’homme ne lise pas le livre en classe. Marie ne veut pas que l’homme lise le livre en classe.
d- Mary doesn’t want a child to be making a lot of noise this afternoon.
Marie ne veut pas qu’un enfant fasse beaucoup de bruit cet après-midi.
e- Mary wants the sun to shine all morning during the festival.
Marie veut que le soleil brille toute la matinée pendant le festival.
f- Mary wanted my car to be very dirty yesterday night.
Marie voulait que ma voiture soit très sale hier soir.
g- Mary wanted the computer to work all week last week.
Marie voulait que l’ordinateur fonctionne toute la semaine la semaine dernière.
h- Mary wants your secretary to be looking for you in the garden.
Marie veut que votre secrétaire vous cherche dans le jardin.
i- Mary wants the keys to be lost once again.
Marie veut que les clés soient à nouveau perdues.
j- Mary wants the pupil to know all the lessons.
Marie veut que l’élève sache toutes ses leçons.

La Grammaire Dynamique de LAnglais Parti

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

La Grammaire Dynamique de LAnglais Parti

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

CINQUIÉME PARTIE

INTRODUCTION AUX EXERCICES

Contenu de cette partie :

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 1

2- Complete the following sentences with a, an, the, if necessary.

3- Fill in the gaps with Ø, a, an, or the

b- Earth Day 1990 : Going Global

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 2

4- Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or Ø.

5- Add a definite or indefinite article, or Ø, if none is necessary.

6- Add a definite or indefinite article, or Ø, if none is necessary.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 3

7- Fill in the blanks with a or an.

8- Fill in the gaps with the if necessary.

9- Fill in the blanks with a/an/the/Ø/some/any as necessary.

1- a- Did you know that Tom’s brother was AN engineer?

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 4

b- Earth Day 1990 : Going Global

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 5

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 6

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 7

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 8

1- a- In spite of his anger he remained calm.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 9

2- Give the comparative of superiority and then the comparative of inferiority.

3- Rewrite the sentences with the proper comparative

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 10

MARY PAUL JOHN SUE

a- Helen is ............................................ (old) Rochelle.

6- Same exercise with superlatives.

a- Helen is ............................................ (young girl) in the family.

7- Answer the following questions.

a- Who is the tallest girl?

9- Translate into English.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 11

10- Use a comparative or a superlative of superiority.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 12

3- a- American cars are more economical than English cars.

5- a- Helen is LESS OLD THAN Rochelle.

6- a- Helen is THE YOUNGEST GIRL in the family.

b- Mardell is THE OLDEST GIRL in the family.

7- a- The tallest girl is Rochelle.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 13

9- a- Jimmy is the older of the two.

10- a- History is MORE INTERESTING THAN geography.

12- a- John has much money ? Peter as MORE.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 14

COMPOUND NOUNS & ADJECTIVES

2- Fill in the gaps in the following definitions.

3- Produce compound nouns.

4- Rewrite on the following model:

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 15

2- a- I carry a backpack on my BACK, when I go camping.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 16

FOR SINCE AGO

2- Reverse exercise. Be careful with the progressive form.

3- Complete the following sentences with a phrase using AGO.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 17

4- Transform the following sentences by using AGO.

5- Integrate the phrase in brackets into the sentence.

6- Translate into English.

7- Integrate the phrase in brackets into the sentence.

© Dr Jacques COULARDEAU & Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne 18

10- Translate into English