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Gitologie - Métallogénie
Vocabulary of Geology
Gitology - Metallogeny
228
Terminologie
Terminology
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Canadi
Vocabulaire de géologie Vocabulary of Geology
Gîtologie — Métallogénie Gitology — Metallogeny
Mariette Grandchamp-Tupula
I)
Photo
Introduction ix Introduction ix
vii
linguistiques du pays et - the country's two main language
contribuera à promouvoir le groups and in helping to promote
caractère bilingue du Canada. the bilingual nature of Canada.
La présidente-directrice générale
(Bureau de la traduction),
vii i
Introduction Introduction
ix
Les termes retenus se rapportent The terms in the. vocabulary focus
plus particulièrement aux aspects on the following aspects:
suivants.:
xi
Guide d'utilisation User's Guide
xiii
Abréviations et symboles Abbreviations and Symbols
(PI.) plural
(v.) verb
xiv
Vocabulaire anglais-français / English-French Vocabulary
accessory mineral
7
minéral accessoire
One of those mineral constituents Minéral qui ne se trouve que d'une
of a rock that occur in such small façon accidentelle et en faible
percentages that they are pourcentage dans une roche et qui
disregarded in its classification n'intervient pas dans sa définition.
and definition. NOTA Par opposition à « minéral
NOTE As opposed to "essential essentiel ».
mineral."
accretion accrétion
The process by which an inorganic Accroissement de volume d'un
body increases in size by the corps par adjonction de matière
external adhesion of particles. extérieure. Certaines pépites,
présentant une structure
concrétionnée et zonée, se seraient
développées par accrétion, surtout
dans les filons hydrothermaux.
accumulative rock
SEE cumulate
1
adcumulate
adcumulate adcurnulat
A cumulate formed by adcumulus
growth, with intercumulus material
comprising less than five percent
of the rock.
cf. cumulate, orthocumulate rock
aeolian placer
SEE eolian placer
agpaitic agpaïtique
Applied to a process of mineral Qualifie un mode de cristallisation
formation distinguished from an inverse par rapport à l'ordre
ordinary granitic process by an habituel. Ainsi, les amphiboles et
excess of alkali, as a result of pyroxènes alcalins cristallisent
which the amount of alumina is après les minéraux leucocrates
insufficient for the formation of dans certaines des roches de cette
aluminum silicates. famille.
2
Algoma-type
albitisation [GBR]
SEE albitization
albitised [GBR]
SEE albitized
3
Algoma-type
allochthonous
SEE allogenic
allochthonous rock
SEE allogene2
4
allothogenic
allothigene
SEE allogene l
allothigene
SEE allogene 2
allothigenetic
SEE allogenic
allothigenic
SEE allogenic
allothigenous
SEE allogenic
allothogene
SEE allogene l
allothogene
SEE allogene 2
allothogenic
SEE allogenic
5
alluvial
alluvial (n.)
SEE alluvium
alluvial deposit
SEE alluvium
6
alterable
alluvial sheet
SEE alluvial blanket
alterable altérable
Said of rocks and minerals capable Susceptible d'être altéré, en
of being altered. parlant d'une roche ou d'un
minéral. Une roche n'est altérable
que si elle renferme des minéraux
qui le sont.
7
alteration
alteration altération
Any change in the mineralogical Modification des propriétés
composition of a rock brought physico-chimiques des minéraux,
about by physical or chemical et par conséquent des roches, par
means, esp. by the actions of les agents atmosphériques, par les
hydrothermal solutions, but also eaux souterraines et les eaux
by hypogene or supergene, thermales (altération
syngenetic or epigenic, deuteric, hydrothermale).
pneumatolytic or groundwater
solutions.
cf. weathering
alteration aureole
SEE alteration halo
alteration envelope
SEE alteration halo
8
alteration product
9
alteration product
10
anastomosing
alunitization alunitisation
Introduction of, or replacement by,
alunite. It may be of either
hypogene or supergene origin.
ampelite (obs.)
SEE black shale
11
anastomosing
anchimetamorphism anchimétamorphisme
Changes in mineral content of Métamorphisme général de très
rocks under temperature and faible intensité, formant transition
pressure conditions prevailing in entre la diagenèse et le
the region between the Earth's métamorphisme au sens strict.
surface and the zone of true
metamorphism.
12
apex
anorthositization anorthositisation
Introduction of, or replacement by,
anorthosite.
13
apomagmatic
apophysis
SEE tongue
aquatolysis aquatolyse
The chemical and physicochemical Transformation ou décomposition
processes that occur in a que peuvent subir les minéraux ou
freshwater environment during les roches lors de leur transport
transportation, weathering, and par les fleuves.
preburial diagenesis of sediments.
arborescent
SEE dendritic
14
ascension
15
assay
. 16
auriferous
Au district
SEE goldfield
auriferous deposit
SEE gold deposit
auriferous district
SEE goldfield
17
auriferous
authigene (n.)
SEE authigenic mineral
authigenesis authigenèse
The process involving growth of Formation de minéraux sur place.
new minerals in situ. The term
describes the origin of any mineral
that is formed subsequent to
the origin of its matrix or
surroundings but is not a product
of transformation or
recrystallization.
authigenous
SEE authigenic
autochthonous
SEE authigenic
18
autometamorphism
autochthony autochtonie
Formation sur place d'une roche ou
d'un minéral.
autohydratation autohydratation
The development of new minerals Genèse de minéraux hydroxylés par
in an igneous rock by the action of action de fluides hydrothermaux,
its own magmatic water on already provenant du magma lui-même, sur
existing magmatic minerals. les minéraux déjà cristallisés; c'est
la phase ultime de l'évolution d'un
magma et de sa consolidation.
autolith; cognate xenolith; enclave syngénétique
cognate inclusion; endogenous
inclusion
An inclusion in an igneous rock to
which it is genetically related.
autometamorphism autométamorphisme
A process of recrystallization of an Processus de transformation des
igneous mineral assemblage under roches magmatiques qui se
conditions of falling temperature, refroidissent sous l'action de
attributed to the action of its own leurs propres fluides, ces derniers
volatiles, e.g. serpentinization of entraînant l'évolution de certains
peridotite or spilitization of basalt. minéraux vers des formes plus
hydratées.
19
au tome tas oma tic
autometasomatism autométasomatose
Alteration of a recently
crystallized igneous rock by its
own last water-rich liquid fraction,
trapped within the rock, generally
by an impermeable shilled border.
20
banded
21
banded
barren ground
SEE dead ground
barren lode
SEE barren vein
barren rock
SEE dead ground
22
basic
base exchange
SEE cation exchange
23
basic
24
beach
bauxitization bauxitisation
Weathering of aluminum-bearing Altération particulière de roches
rocks under good surface drainage. riches en aluminium qui conduit
à la formation de bauxite.
25
bed
bed lit
A sheet-like unit which represents Couche ou niveau de faible
a single episode of sedimentation. épaisseur (quelques centimètres
It is bordered top and bottom by a à quelques décimètres).
bedding plane. A single bed may
show laminations, similar to
bedding, but smaller in scale.
cf. stratum
bedded vein
SEE sill
bedding litage
Layering of sheet-like units, called Alternance de lits de nature
beds, a bed being the smallest minéralogique différente.
distinguishable division within
the classification of stratified
sedimentary rocks.
26
biogenic
bed vein
SEE sill
belt of cementation
SEE cementation zone
beneficiated ore
SEE enriched ore
beneficiation
SEE enrichment l
BIF
SEE banded iron formation
biofacies biofaciès
cf. facies
biogenetic deposit
SEE biogenic deposit
biogenetic mineral
SEE biogenic mineral
27
biogenic
biogenous deposit
SEE biogenic deposit
biogenous mineral
SEE biogenic mineral
biorhexistasy bio-rhexistasie
A theory of sediment production Théorie de H. Erhart qui met en
related to changes in the évidence le rôle des processus
vegetational cover of the land and d'altération météorique dans la
characterized by stable subtropical mobilisation des éléments
weathering conditions resulting in chimiques. Cette altération
soil lateritization. entraîne la formation de zones
d'oxydation et de cémentation
(avec lessivage ou enrichissement
en métaux) dans les gîtes
minéraux.
biorhexistatic bio-rhexistasique
Qui a trait à la bio-rhexistasie.
Les phénomènes bio-rhexistasiques
sont en grande partie responsables
des variations dans la composition
des eaux de mer et, par
conséquent, des variations dans la
nature des milieux gîtologiques.
bisiallitization bisiallitisation
NOTE As opposed to Type d'édification phylliteuse
"monosiallitization." dans laquelle la silice n'est pas
entièrement éliminée; les minéraux
de néoformation appartiennent aux
phyllosilicates à deux feuillets liés
par des bases. C'est le domaine
des illites, vermiculites et
montmorillonites.
28
black
bitumenization
SEE coalification
bituminization bituminisation
A process for transforming natural Transformation de substances
substances into bitumen. organiques (végétaux
microscopiques, plancton,
cadavres d'animaux) en bitume.
29
black
blade lamelle
A flat and elongate shape of a
mineral.
bleaching blanchiment
A type of alteration due in many Décoloration par départ du fer
cases to the reduction of hematite. dans une roche en voie
d'altération.
30
boehmitic
blind apex
SEE suboutcrop
31
bog
32
branch
BPL
SEE bone phosphate of lime
33
branching
34
breccia
brecciated
SEE brecciform
brecciated ore
SEE breccia ore
breccia vein
SEE brecciated vein
35
brecciform
brine lake
SEE salt lake
36
buried
37
by-product
38
calcification
calc-crust
SEE calcareous crust
calcic matrix
SEE calcic gangue
calcicrete
SEE calcrete
calcification calcification
Process of redeposition of
secondary calcium carbonate from
parts of the soil profile which, if
sufficiently concentrated, may
develop into a calcrete or caliche
horizon. Calcification involves
limited upward and lateral
movement of calcium salts in
solution, and downward movement
in drier periods.
39
calcitization
40
capping
capping
SEE gossan
41
. cap rock
carbonate alteration
SEE carbonation
carbonate BIF
SEE carbonate-facies iron
formation
42
carbonate-pelite
carbonate gangue
SEE carbonate matrix
43
carbonate rock
carbonatite carbonatite
A carbonate rock of apparent Roche magmatique composée
magmatic origin, generally found essentiellement de carbonates
in association with alkali-rich et associée aux syénites
igneous rocks. The most néphéliniques. Les carbonatites
important products of carbonatites constituent souvent des gisements
are phosphorus, niobium, and de terres rares. Véritable musée
rare-earth elements. minéralogique, elles recèlent en
fait plus de cinquante minéraux.
44
catamorphism
carbonatization
SEE carbonation
carbonatized carbonaté
Said of a rock that has undergone Transformé ou altéré en carbonate.
carbonation.
carbonification
SEE coalification
carbonolite
SEE carbonaceous rock
carrier of mineralization
SEE ore carrier
45
cation
46
chemical
channel
SEE feeder
channelway
SEE feeder 1
47
chemical breakdown
48
chemical rock
49
chemical sediment •
chemism chimisme
Chemical actions, activities, or Mécanisme d'une réaction.
properties collectively.
50
chloritized
chertification chertification
A type of silicification, esp. by
chalcedony or by fine-grained
quartz, used mainly in the'
description of the Mississippi
Valley lead-zinc deposits.
cherty cherteux
Containing chert or like chert. De la nature du chert ou contenant
du chert.
chloritic alteration
SEE chloritization
chloritisation [GB12]
SEE chloritization
chloritised [GBR]
SEE chloritized
51
chute
chute
SEE ore shoot
clastic deposit
SEE fragmental deposit
52
clay
53
clay
coal-bearing
SEE carboniferous
coal bed
SEE coal seam
54
cockade
coaly shale
SEE carbonaceous shale
cobaltiferous ore
SEE cobalt-bearing ore
cobalt ore
SEE cobalt-bearing ore
55
cogenetic
cognate inclusion
SEE autolith
cognate xenolith
SEE autolith
colloidal colloïdal
Designating matter of very small Relatif à l'état des particules qui
particle size, usually in the range constituent un colloïde.
of 10-5 to 10-7 centimeter in
diameter.
colluvial colluvial
Applied to weathered rock debris
that has moved down a hillslope
either by creep or by surface wash.
56
comb
colluvium
SEE colluvial deposit
colorados
SEE gossan
57
comminution
compaction compaction
A physical process that reflects the Création d'un état compact par
increase in pressures brought upon l'action naturelle du tassement
sediments as a result of deeper and des roches au cours du temps.
deeper burial.
complexing complexion
complex of veins
SEE vein network
58
concretion
concretion concrétion
A mineral accumulation that forms Accumulation de matière autour
around a nucleus or axis of d'un noyau ou sur une surface
deposition after a sedimentary d'origine chimique ou
deposit has been laid down. biochimique. On trouve,
Cementation consolidates the disséminées dans certains
deposit as a whole. The enclosing sédiments, des concrétions de
rock is less firmly cemented than phosphate, de silice, d'oxydes
the concretion. Concretions are de fer et de manganèse, etc.
generally monomineralic.
cf. nodule
59
concretionary
conformable deposit
SEE concordant deposit
conglomerate deposit
SEE conglomeratic deposit
consanguineous
SEE comagmatic
60
contact
contact aureole
SEE contact metamorphic
aureole
61
contact
62
copper
63
copper
core
SEE nucleus I
64
CrOp
crescentic deposit
SEE roll-type deposit
65
crossbed
cross course
SEE countervein
cross lode
SEE countervein
66
crustal
cross vein
SEE countervein
crossvein
SEE cross-cutting vein
crustal abundance
SEE clarke
67
crustal
crustification crustification
Those deposits of ores and
minerais that are in layers or
crusts and that, therefore, have
been distinctively deposited from
solution.
crustified banding
SEE crustiform banding
68
crystalloblastic
cryptomagmatic deposit
SEE kryptomagmatic deposit
crystal fractionation
SEE fractional crystallization
crystallization cristallisation
The formation of mineral crystals Formation de cristaux soit par
during the cooling of a magma or solidification lente d'un liquide
by precipitation from a solution. ayant la composition chimique
d'un ou de plusieurs minéraux, soit
par déplacement d'éléments au sein
d'un solide, ou encore par
précipitation à partir des éléments
contenus dans des fluides.
69
crystal zoning
C-shaped deposit
SEE roll-type deposit
cumulus cumulus
The accumulation of crystals that Assemblage de sédiments
precipitated from a magma without magmatiques, constitués de
having been modified by later couches stratifiées où se trouvent
crystallization. des grains-minéraux provenant
d'une chute gravitative dans le
magma. Les cumulus forment le
squelette de la roche.
cupriferous
SEE copper-bearing
70
cymoid
cymoid curve
SEE cymoid structure
71
damouritization
D
damouritization damouritisation
The process by which the feldspars Premier stade d'altération des
and other aluminous silicates of feldspaths qui conduit à la
a rock are altered into damourite formation d'hydromicas
(a variety of muscovite). (damourite et séricite).
NOTE Ordinarily referred to as
"sericitization."
cf. sericitic alteration
72
decomposition
daughter product
SEE daughter
dead quartz
SEE bull quartz
deads (n.pl.)
SEE dead ground
decarbonatation décarbonatation
Processus d'entraînement du
calcaire d'un sol, par dissolution
dans les eaux de percolation.
decarbonated décarbonaté
decay product
SEE daughter
decomposition
SEE breakdown l
73
dedolomitization
dedolomitization; dédolomitisation
dedolomitisation [GBR]
A process whereby part or all of Processus inverse de la
the magnesium in a dolomite or dolomitisation : les cristaux de
dolomitic limestone is used for the dolomite sont rongés et épigénisés
formation of magnesium oxides, par la calcite.
hydroxides and silicates resulting .
in the enrichment in calcite.
NOTE The term was originally
used for the replacement of
dolomite by calcite during
diagenesis or chemical weathering.
dehydration déshydratation
Removal of water, esp. from a
chemical compound by heat,
sometimes in the presence of a
74
depletion
dehydration (cont'd)
catalyst or dehydrating agent.
In metamorphism, prograde
metamorphic reactions commonly
involve dehydration of hydrous
minerals.
dendrolite
SEE dendrite
densofacies
SEE metamorphic facies
depleted
SEE mined out
75
deposit —
deposition dépôt2
The laying, placing, or throwing Mise en place d'un matériau à la
down of any material into beds, fin de son transport.
veins, or irregular masses of any
kind of loose rock material by any
natural agent.
cf. sediment deposition
76
detrital
77
detrital
developed ore
SEE measured ore
78
diagnostic
diagenesis diagenèse
Processes that alter the structure, Ensemble des mécanismes
texture, and mineralogy of a débutant pendant le dépôt même
sediment during its deposition, du sédiment et faisant intervenir
lithification and burial. des modifications de structure,
High-temperature and de texture et de composition
high-pressure modifications minéralogique qui s'accentuent au
attributed to metamorphism are fur et à mesure de l'enfouissement
excluded. With increasing du sédiment pour conduire
temperature and pressure, finalement à une roche dure et
diagenesis grades into cohérente.
metamorphism.
79
diagnostic
diagonal bedding
SEE crossbedding
diagonal lamination
SEE cross-lamination
diagonal stratification
SEE cross-stratification
diamond-bearing kimberlite
SEE diamantiferous kimberlite
diamondiferous kimberlite
SEE diamantiferous kimberlite
80
dike
diaphthoresis
SEE retrograde metamorphism
81
dike
dike wall
SEE dyke wall
disaggregation
SEE mechanical weathering
disintegration
SEE mechanical weathering
82
disseminated
disseminated mineralization
SEE dispersed mineralization
83
disseminated
dissolution dissolution
A chemical weathering process by La plupart des minéraux essentiels
which mineral and rock material des roches sédimentaires communs
passes into solution. aux roches métamorphiques
passent en dissolution dans l'eau
naturelle, acide ou basique.
district district
cf. mining district Groupe de gisements présentant un
ou plusieurs caractères communs
importants.
dolomitisation [GBR]
SEE dolomitization
84
downdip
dolomitised [GBR]
SEE dolomitized
dolomization
SEE dolomitization
85
•
downward
downward-moving solution
SEE descending solution
dredging dragage
Washing alluvial deposits on a
large scale by means of dredgers.
Used for such minerais as alluvial
gold and tin.
dyke [GB12]
SEE dike
86
early
87
economic
88
electromagnetic
economic working
SEE economic mining
effloresce
SEE bloom (v.)
efflorescence
SEE bloom (n.)
Eh
SEE oxidation-reduction
potential
89
electromagnetic
electron microscopy
SEE exoscopy
elephant (fig.)
SEE giant (n.)
elongated lentil
SEE pod
90
endogenous
eluvium
SEE eluvial deposit
EM survey
SEE electromagnetic survey
enclave [GB12]
SEE inclusion'
enclosing
SEE host (adj.)
enclosing mineral
SEE host mineral
endogenous inclusion
SEE autolith
91
endomorphism
endomorphism; endomorphisme;
endometamorphism; endométamorphisme
endomorphic metamorphism
A form of contact metamorphism Variation chimique d'un magma
in which changes within an granitique à la suite de la fusion et
igneous rock are produced by the de la digestion de matériaux pris
complete or partial assimilation of en enclave.
country-rock fragments or by
reaction upon it by the country
rock along the contact surfaces.
92
envelope
enrichment 2 enrichissement2
The action of natural agencies
which increases the metallic
content of an ore.
envelope l enveloppe'
In a mineral, an outer part separate
in origin from (later than) an inner
part.
93
envelope
envelope2 enveloppe2
NOTE More or less synonym with Contexte géologique à l'échelle du
"country rock", but includes the gisement (donc de dimension plus
metamorphic aureole, which is the réduite que les ensembles
thermally metamorphosed part of géologiques à l'échelle
the envelope. continentale qui délimitent les
provinces et les districts
minéraux). L'enveloppe d'un gîte
minéral peut se caractériser par
des symétries, dissymétries,
isotropies ou anisotropies qui ont
une incidence sur la recherche des
concentrations minérales.
environment of deposition
SEE depositional environment
epidiagenesis épidiagenèse
The final emergent phase of Stade de la diagenèse au cours
diagenesis, in which sediments are duquel la lithification se poursuit
lithified during and after uplift but après que le sédiment ait été
before erosion. It is a kind of late soustrait à l'action directe de
diagenesis. • l'eau de mer, sans qu'il atteigne
cependant le stade métamorphique,
et avant qu'il ne subisse
l'altération météorique.
94
epigenetic
epidotization épidotisation
The hydrothermal introduction of
epidote into rocks or the alteration
of rocks in which plagioclase
feldspar is albitized, freeing the
anorthite molecule for the
formation of epidote and zoisite.
These processes are generally
associated with metamorphism.
95
epigenetic
episyenitization épisyénitisation
epitaxy épitaxie
The mutual orientation of crystals Croissance orientée des cristaux
of different species, when a crystal d'une espèce minérale sur ceux
that grows on another crystal is d'une espèce différente.
oriented by it and with respect to
it.
96
estimated
epizonal épizonal
Qualifie les phénomènes reliés à
l'épizone.
epizone épizone
A zone of metamorphism Zone géologique de faible
characterized by low métamorphisme, avec des
pressure-temperature conditions températures peu élevées et des
(low metamorphic grade). pressions faibles.
97
estimated
98
evaporitic
evaporitic évaporitique
Qui se rapporte aux évaporites et à
leur processus de formation.
99
exhalative
exhausted
SEE mined out
exomorphism; exomorphisme;
exometamorphism; exomorphic exométamorphisme
metamorphism
A form of contact metamorphism NOTA Par opposition à
in which changes in country rocks « endomorphisme ».
are produced by the intense heat
and other properties of magma or
lava in contact with them.
1 00
exploitable
exploitable ore
SEE mineable ore
101
exploration
102
fahlband
exsolved lamella
SEE exsolution lamella
eyed structure
SEE augen structure
eyed texture
SEE augen structure
facies faciès'
The sum of all primary lithologie Ensemble des caractères
and paleontologic characteristics lithologiques (lithofaciès) et
exhibited by a sedimentary rock paléontologiques (biofaciès)
and from which its origin and d'un dépôt sédimentaire. Notion
environment of formation may be fondamentale qui constitue la
inferred. « carte d'identité » du dépôt
NOTE Facies which are considéré.
particularly characterized by rock
type are referred to as lithofacies,
whereas those especially
characterized by their fauna are •
called biofacies.
103
fahlband
fahlband (cont'd)
to form an ore lens. In weathered entre les gîtes pyrométasomatiques
conditions, fahlbands have a et les gîtes hydrothermaux.
characteristic rusty-brown
appearance.
false form
SEE pseudomorph (n.)
104
feeder
faulting
SEE faultage
105
feeder
feeder vent
SEE feeder 2
feeding nourrissage
cf. feeder2 Fonction assumée par les
cheminées nourricières qui
permettent la progression de
substances métallifères vers
des points éloignés.
feeding channel
SEE feeder l
feeding vent
SEE feeder2
felsic felsique
Said of an igneous rock having S'applique aux miriérauk coniPoses
abundant light-colored minerais; de feldspath et de silice.
minerais. alsopiedth
The chief felsic minerais are
quartz, feldspars, feldspathoids,
and muscovite.
106
ferrallitization
felsic (cont'd)
NOTE Felsic is a mnemonic
adjective derived from feldspar +
silica + k. It is the complement
of mafic.
fenitized fénitisé
Fe oxide
SEE iron oxide
107
ferrallitization
ferrallitization (cont'd)
La bauxite est ainsi le terme final
de la ferrallitisation.
ferromagnesian ferromagnésien;
ferro-magnésien
Containing iron and magnesium. Se dit d'une roche ou d'un minéral
qui contient du fer et du
magnésium.
108
fibrous
ferruginized
SEE ferruginated
fibrous
SEE asbestiform
109
fibrous
fine-grained gold
SEE fine gold
110
flat
fissure fissure
An extensive crack, break, or Fracture n'entraînant pas le
fracture in rock along which there déplacement d'un bloc par rapport
is a distinct separation. It is often à l'autre (comme pour la faille).
filled with mineral-bearing NOTA Ne pas confondre avec une
material. fracture, terme général désignant
cf. fracture, fault toute cassure, avec ou sans rejet de
terrain. En d'autres termes, la
fracture inclut la faille et la
fissure.
fissure-type deposit
SEE fissure deposit
111
flat
floor
SEE footwall
112
fracture
113
fracture
framboidal framboïdal
Said of spheroidal clusters Se dit de l'aspect ou de la texture
resembling raspberry seeds. que présentent des mononodules
minéraux, grenus en surface,
comme des framboises. Le minéral
typique est la pyrite.
114
gangue
fusiform
SEE podiform
fusiform lens
SEE pod
115
gangue
gangue (cont'd)
used, for what is gangue in one
place may be valuable elsewhere.
garnetization grenatisation
Introduction of, or replacement by, Processus d'altération caractérisé
gamet. This process is commonly par la formation de grenat dans la
associated with contact roche.
metamorphism.
gaseous inclusion
SEE gas inclusion
116
gently
genetic halo'
SEE primary dispersion halo
117
geobotanical
geochemical aureole
SEE geochemical halo
118
geochemical
geochemical exploration
SEE geochemical prospecting
119
geochemical
geochemistry géochimie
The study of the abundance and Science dont les buts essentiels
distribution of chemical elements sont la détermination de
and their isotopes within the Earth, l'abondance des éléments dans la
and the study of the circulation of Terre, la répartition des éléments
the elements in nature, on the dans les minéraux et dans les
basis of the properties of their roches, la dynamique de la
atoms and ions. distribution des isotopes.
120
geologic(al)
geode (cont'd)
minerals as those of the enclosing
rock.
Distinguished from vugs
which are residual or solution
cavities in veins or rocks, and
may be crystal-lined.
cf. druse, vug
121
geologic(al)
geologic thermometer
SEE geothermometer
geologic thermometry
SEE geothermometry
geophysical exploration
SEE geophysical prospecting
122
giant
geyserite
SEE siliceous sinter
123
giant
124
gold
glauconitization glauconitisation
A submarine alteration process Altération en glauconie.
whereby a mineral is converted
to glauconite under very slow rates
of sedimentation and at depths of
100 to 300 m.
glyptogenesis glyptogenèse
The process of sculpturing of the Sculpture du relief par l'érosion.
Earth's surface (lithosphere) Les phénomènes de glyptogenèse
through the agency of the et de sédimentation conduisent à
atmosphere, hydrosphere, la formation de gisements
biosphere, and pyrosphere. métalliques.
gold-bearing
SEE auriferous
gold-bearing deposit
SEE gold deposit
gold-bearing sediment
SEE auriferous sediment
125
gold deposit
gold district
SEE goldfield
126
gold vein
127
gossan
gozzan
SEE gossan
grade (v.)
SEE assay (v.)
128
granitization
grade of metamorphism
SEE metamorphic grade
grain grain
A mineral particle, smaller than a
fragment, having a diameter of
less than a few millimeters, and
generally lacking well-developed
crystal faces.
granite intrusion
SEE granitic intrusion
129
granitoid
granitoid intrusion
SEE granitic intrusion
granulitization granulitisation
graphitization graphitisation
The formation of graphitic material
from organic compounds.
gravitational anomaly
SEE gravity anomaly
gravitational differentiation
SEE gravity fractionation
130
greenschist
gravity prospecting
SEE gravitational prospecting
131
greenstone
greisening
SEE greisenization
greisenisation [GBR]
SEE greisenization
greisenised [GBR]
SEE greisenized
132
gummites
guest
SEE metasome
133
gutter
gutter gouttière l
The lowest and usually richest
portion of àn alluvial placer.
gypsification gypsification
Alteration to gypsum, esp. of Transformation de l'anhydrite en
anhydrite. gypse sous l'effet de l'hydratation.
gypsum-bearing
SEE gypsiferous
134
heavy
halmyrolytic halmyrolytique
Qui a trait à l'halmyrolyse.
halmyrosis
SEE halmyrolysis
healed vein
SEE crustified vein
135
heavy
hematized hématisé
136
horizon
high-rank metamorphism
SEE high-grade metamorphism
horizon horizon
A rock stratum regionally know.n
to contain or be associated with
rock containing valuable minerals.
137
horizontal
138
hosted
host 2 (n.)
SEE host mineral
hosted mineral
SEE metasome
139
host limestone
140
hydrogenic
hungry lode
SEE barren vein
hydatogenesis hydatogenèse
The process by which mineral Processus de formation des gîtes
deposits are formed from aqueous minéraux à partir de solutions
solutions. aqueuses.
141
hydrogenic
hydrogenic (cont'd)
par précipitation du fer et du
• manganèse à partir de l'eau de
mer.
hydrolysate
SEE hydrolyzate
142
hydrothermal
hydrothermal lode
SEE hydrothermal vein
143
hydrothermal
hydrothermal processes
SEE hydrothermal activity
144
hypogene
hydrous alteration
SEE hydration
hypabyssal deposit
SEE subvolcanic deposit
hypermelanic
SEE holomafic
hypersaline water
SEE brine
hypogene hypogène
Said of a mineral deposit or ore Se dit d'un gîte produit par des
deposit formed by ascending hot solutions hydrothermales
waters. ascendantes.
NOTE As opposed to
"supergene."
cf. primary mineral
145
hypogene
idiogenetic deposit
SEE syngenetic deposit
idiogenous deposit
SEE syngenetic deposit
146
impregnation
147
impregnation
incarbonization
SEE coalification
inclusion2 inclusion
In minerais, a substance, body or
particle which is distinct from the
groundmass in which it is
embedded.
incoalation
SEE coalification
indication
SEE guide (n.)
indicator
SEE guide (n.)
148
in situ
inherited structure
SEE mimetic structure
in situ deposit
SEE autochthonous deposit
149
interbedded
intergrowth intercroissance
The state of interlocking of grains Enchevêtrement plus ou moins
of two different minerals as a géométrique de cristaux de deux
result of their simultaneous minéraux différents provoqué par
crystallization. une cristallisation simultanée.
150
intrusive
interstratified deposit
SEE interbedded deposit
intraformational intraformationnel
Formed or existing within a Qui se produit pendant le dépôt
geologic formation. d'une formation et aux dépens de
celle-ci.
intrusion
SEE injection
intrusive granite
SEE intruded granite
151
intrusive
inverted saddle
SEE reverse saddle
IP
SEE induced polarization
iron-bearing
SEE ferriferous
iron-bearing formation
SEE iron formation
152
iron
iron hat
SEE gossan
iron-manganese deposit
SEE ferromanganese deposit
iron-oxidizing bacterium
SEE iron bacterium
iron-precipitating bacterium
SEE iron bacterium
153
ironstone
isotope dating
SEE isotopic dating
154
juvenile
155
K alteration
SEE potassic alteration
kaolinisation [GBR]
SEE kaolinization
kaolinised [GBR]
SEE kaolinized
kaolinitization kaolinitisation
High-temperature hydrothermal Formation de kaolinite aux dépens
alteration and replacement of des feldspaths plagioclasiques et
feldspars, to varying degrees, to potassiques.
form a fine-grained aggregate of
the mineral kaolinite.
156
kidney
karstified karstifié
Se dit en particulier de roches
solubles (dolomies, calcaires)
ayant fait l'objet d'une altération
karstique.
katamorphism
SEE catamorphism
kidney
SEE ore pocket
157
kidney
kidney-like
SEE kidney-shaped
159
kupferschiefer-type
labile labile
Applied to rocks and minerais that Se dit de ce qui se décompose ou
are mechanically or chemically s'altère facilement (surtout en
unstable. chimie).
NOTE As opposed to "stabile." NOTA Par opposition à
« stabile ».
160
lamina
lamina
SEE lamination
161
laminated
162
lateritic
163
late weathering
layer couche'
Dépôt minéral qui se superpose à
un autre autour du noyau d'un
nodule, déterminant une
configuration en pelures
d'oignons. Ces couches,
riches en hydroxydes de fer ou de
manganèse, sont mal cristallisées.
lead (n.)
SEE lode2
164
lead-zinc
165
lead-zinc
lean
SEE low-grade (adj.)
lens lentille
An orebody thick in the middle
and thin at the edges, similar
to a double convex lens.
lenslike
SEE lenticular
lensoid
SEE lenticular
166
limonitization
lentiform
SEE lenticular
likely ground
SEE kindly ground
limnite
SEE bog iron ore
167
lineament
lineament linéament
A linear topographie feature of Tout alignement à l'échelle
regional extent that is believed to continentale, observable au sol
reflect crustal structure and that is ou par photosatellites, le terme
studied especially on aerial vincula étant plutôt réservé à des
photographs. alignements de petite dimension,
par exemple inférieurs à 500 km.
linked veins
SEE anastomosing veins
lithium-bearing lithinifère
That contains lithium. Qui contient du lithium.
lithogenetic mineral
SEE rock-forming minerai
lithogenic minerai
SEE rock-forming mineral
168
Iode
lithologic(al) facies
SEE lithofacies
lixiviation
SEE leaching
lode l filière
A miner's term for a veinlike Filon métallifère.
deposit, usually metalliferous.
NOTE Lode, as used by miners, is
nearly synonymous with the term
vein, as employed by geologists.
Initially, the term lode simply
meant that formation by which the
miner could be led or guided. It is
an alteration of the verb lead.
cf. vein, indicator vein
169
lode
lodestuff
SEE vein filling
170
low-grade
171
low-grade
low-grade metamorphism
(cont'd)
low to moderate temperature and
pressure.
low rank
SEE low grade2 (n.)
low-rank metamorphism
SEE low-grade metamorphism
low tenor
SEE low grade' (n.)
macrobanding macro-rubanement
cf. banding
172
magmatic
maculose schist
SEE spotted schist
mafic front
SEE basic front
magma differentiation
SEE differentiation
magmatic assimilation
SEE assimilation
magmatic differentiation
SEE differentiation
magmatic digestion
SEE assimilation
173
magmatic
magmatic dissolution
SEE assimilation
magmatic fractionation
SEE differentiation
174
magnetic
magmatism magmatisme
The development and movement of Ensemble des phénomènes liés à la
magma, and its solidification to formation, à la cristallisation et
igneous rock. aux migrations des magmas, soit
leur montée jusqu'à la surface, soit
leur intrusion dans l'épaisseur de
l'écorce.
175
magnetite
main lode
SEE mother lode
main vein
SEE mother iode
make (n.)
SEE swell (n.)
manganese crust
SEE manganese incrustation
176
mantle
177
mantle
manto2 manto2
In some districts, a tubular deposit Dans quelques pays d'Amérique
that is relatively short in the latine, désigne toute colonne ou
vertical dimension but extensive toute masse aplatie de minerai.
in the horizontal dimension.
NOTE When tubular bodies are
vertical or subvertical, they are
called pipes or chimneys. Mantos
and pipes are often found in
association, the pipes frequently
acting as feeders to the mantos.
Sometimes mantos pass upwards
from bed to bed by way of pipe
connections. The term "manto",
whose literal translation is
"blanket" is inappropriate in this
context; however it is firmly
entranched in aie English
geological literature. The word
has been employed by some
workers for flat-lying tabular
orebodies, but the perfectly
acceptable "flat" is available for
these.
manto deposit
SEE manto l
178
mass
martitization martitisation
Épigénisation en oligiste.
179
massive
master lode
SEE mother lode
matrix
SEE gangue
180
mercury
mechanical breakdown
SEE mechanical weathering
mechanical sediment
SEE clastic sediment
181
mesothermal
mesothermal Iode
SEE mesothermal vein
metal métal
A chemical element, such as iron, Élément chimique caractérisé
gold, and aluminum, that has a par un éclat métallique, une
characteristic luster, is a good malléabilité prononcée, un poids
conductor of heat and electricity, spécifique élevé et qui, de plus,
is malleable and ductile, and is est un excellent conducteur. •
generally heavier than other
elemental substances.
metal-bearing
SEE metalliferous
metal-bearing brine
SEE metalliferous brine
metal-bearing deposit
SEE metalliferous deposit
182
metallic
metal-bearing ore
SEE metalliferous ore
metal iron
SEE metallic iron
metalization
SEE metallization
metal lead
SEE metallic lead
183
metallic
184
metallogenesis
metallogenesis métallogenèse
The process of formation of Formation des gîtes métallifères.
metalliferous deposits.
185
metallogenetic
metallogenetic epoch
SEE metallogenic epoch
metallogenetic province
SEE metallogenic province
metallogenic
SEE metallogenetic
186
metallotectic
187
metallotectic -
metal oxide
SEE metallic oxide
metal sulphide
SEE metallic sulphide
metamictization métamictisation
The process of disruption of the Passage d'un cristal à l'état
structure of a crystal by radiations métamicte.
from contained radioactive atoms,
rendering the material partly or
wholly amorphous.
188
metamorphic hosted
-
189
metamorphic host rock
metamorphic rank
SEE metamorphic grade
metamorphosed métamorphisé
Se dit d'une roche et d'un minerai
qui ont été transformés par
métamorphisme.
190
metasomatised
metasomatic métasomatique
Pertaining to the process of Se dit de ce qui est lié à la
metasomatism. The term is esp. métasomatose.
used in connection with the origin
of ore deposits.
metasomatic process
SEE metasomatism
metasomatic rock
SEE metasomatite
191
metasomatism
192 ,
, mineable
minable
SEE mineable
minable deposit
SEE mineable deposit
minable metal
SEE mineable metal
minable ore
SEE mineable ore
mineability exploitabilité
Caractère de ce qui est susceptible
d'être exploité avec profit.
193
mineable
194
mineral
mineral facies
SEE metamorphic facies
195
mineral ,
mineral habit
SEE habit
niineralisation[GBR]
SEE mineralization'
mineralisation [GBR]
SEE mineralization 2
mineralise [GBR]
SEE mineralize
196
mineralized
mineralization l (cont'd)
pre-existing rocks, whether by imprégnés de substances
veins, replacement, or in a minérales.
disseminated fashion.
197
mineralized
198
mineralogy
mineralogical zoning
SEE mineralogical zonation
mineralogy minéralogie
The study of minerais: formation, Étude des minéraux.
occurrence, properties, NOTA La métallogénie ne
composition, and classification. constitue qu'une section de la
minéralogie.
199
mineral province
mineral sequence
SEE paragenetic sequence
mineral zonation
SEE mineralogical zonation
mineral zoning
SEE mineralogical zonation
minerogenesis minérogenèse
The origin and growth of minerals Formation des gîtes minéraux.
or mineral deposits.
200
monometallic
mining camp
SEE camp
mining town
SEE camp
201
monomineralic
mononodule mononodule
Nodule qui se forme autour d'un
seul noyau, par opposition au
polynodule qui comporte plusieurs
noyaux.
monosiallitization monosiallitisation
NOTE As opposed to Altération caractéristique des
"bisiallitization." zones tropicales subhumides et
consistant en une hydrolyse
partielle où la concentration en
Si02 du milieu éluvial devient si
faible qu'elle ne permet que la
cristallisation de kaolinite ou
halloysite, dont la charge est nulle
électriquement.
202
Na
mother rock
SEE parent rock
muscovitization - muscovitisation
The process of changing a mineral Altération d'une roche ou d'un
or rock into muscovite. minéral en muscovite.
MVT deposit
SEE Mississippi Valley-type
deposit
mylonization
SEE mylonitization
203
native
needlelike
SEE acicular
needle-shaped
SEE acicular
204
neomineralization
205
neosome
network deposit
SEE stockwork
nickel-bearing
SEE nickeliferous
206
nodule
nodular noduleux
Occurring in the form of nodules,
or composed of nodules.
nodule . nodule
A small, hard, and irregular, Masse globuleuse, centimétrique à
rounded, or tuberous body of à décimétrique, se différenciant par
mineral or mineral aggregate, sa composition et sa structure du
usually exhibiting a contrasting reste de la roche qui la contient.
composition from the enclosing NOTA On appelle « miche » un
sediment or rock matrix in which it nodule de grande taille (quelques
is embedded. décimètres).
NOTE The terms "nodule" and
"concretion" are often used
synonymously, nodule being
preferred for more rounded bodies.
cf. concretion, manganese nodule
207
non-bessemer
208
occurrence
nucleus' (cont'd)
NOTA La forme plurielle de
nucléus est nucléi.
nucleus formation
SEE nucleation
nugget pépite
A large lump of native metal, such Gros morceau de métal natif.
as gold, silver, platinum, copper,
etc.
cf. gold nugget
nuggety pépitique
Resembling a nugget or occurring
in nuggets.
oblique bedding
SEE crossbedding
oblique lamination
SEE cross-lamination
209
offset
offshoot
SEE spur (n.)
ooid
SEE oolith
oolite
SEE oolitic limestone
oolithes ferrugineuses.
NOTA On écrit aussi
« oolitique».
210
open
opencut mine
SEE opencast mine
211
opening
opening ouverture l
The widening out of a fault or NOTA d'une fracture ou d'une
fracture, so as to leave a vacant faille •
open(-)pit mine
SEE opencast mine
ore minerai
A mixture of minerais and gangue Substance minérale contenant des
from which at least one metal or métaux ou d'autres éléments
other valuable material can be utilisés par l'homme dans son
extracted at a profit. industrie.
ore-bearing minéralisé
212
, ore
ore chimney
SEE chimney
ore fluid
SEE mineralizing fluid
213
ore formation
ore formation
SEE ore genesis
ore-forming fluid
SEE mineralizing fluid
ore-forming process
SEE ore genesis
ore-forming solution
SEE mineralizing solution
ore guide
SEE guide to ore
ore in sight •
ore lode
SEE ore vein
214
ore shoot
ore pipe
SEE chimney
ore pod
SEE pod
215
ore shoot
ore solution
SEE mineralizing solution
ore streak
SEE streak (n.)
original mineral
SEE primary mineral
216
overprint
orthotectic
SEE orthomagmatic
outcrop (v.)
SEE crop out (v.)
217
overprinting
oxidation zone
SEE oxidized zone
oxide
SEE oxide mineral
218
oxidized
oxide of iron
SEE iron oxide
oxide of manganese
SEE manganese oxide
219
oxidizing
palaeoplacer [GBR]
SEE paleoplacer
palaeosome [GBR]
SEE paleosome
palasome
SEE host mineral
220
pan
palosome
SEE host mineral
221
panning
paraclase (obs.)
SEE fault
parent (n.)
SEE parent element
222
pay
parent magma
SEE parental magma
patchy irrégulier
Disseminated in patches or in an Qualifie un amas, une
irregular manner as when ore concentration de minerai
occurs in bunches or sporadically. disséminée de façon éparse
dans l'encaissant.
pathfinder
SEE geochemical guide
223
pay
penecontemporaneous pénécontemporain
Said of a mineral that was formed Se dit d'un minéral dont la
almost immediately after formation est très peu postérieure
deposition of a sediment but à la sédimentation, mais survient
before its consolidation into rock. avant la lithification.
NOTE A mineral is said to be NOTA On dit d'un minéral qu'il
penecontemporaneous "with" a est pénécontemporain « d' »une
sediment. sédimentation.
22'4
petrogenic
225
petrogeny
petrogeny
SEE petrogenesis
petrography pétrographie
cf. petrology Science qui décrit les roches et
étudie leur structure et leur
composition.
petrology pétrologie
The study of rocks in general, Science des roches comprenant
including their occurrence, field leur description, leur classification
relations, structure, origins and et l'interprétation de leur genèse.
history (petrogenesis), and their
mineralogy and textures
(petrography).
PH PH
A measure of the acidity or Concentration en ions hydrogène
basicity of a solution. The pH is d'une solution.
measured on a scale of 0-14: a
neutral medium has a pH of 7,
numbers above 7 indicate relative
alkalinity, numbers below 7
indicate relative acidity.
phase layering
SEE compositional zoning
226
pinch
phosphatisation [GBR]
SEE phosphatization
phosphatization; phosphatisation
phosphatisation [GBR]
Conversion to a phosphate or Altération en phosphate(s).
phosphates.
pH range gamme de pH
cf. pH change Échelle de 0 à 14 du pH. Suivant
qu'il est inférieur, égal ou
supérieur à 7, la solution est acide,
neutre ou basique.
pH variation
SEE pH change
physical weathering
SEE mechanical weathering
227
pinch-and-swell ,
Pipe
SEE chimney
228
placer
pitch (n.)
SEE plunge (n.)
229
placer
placer working
SEE placer mining
platinum-bearing
SEE platiniferous
platinum metal
SEE platinoid
pneumatogenic deposit
SEE pneumatolytic deposit
pneumatogenic mineral
SEE pneumatolytic mineral
230
pocket
pneumatolysis (cont'd)
as a result of the emanation of minéralisatrices se déplaçant en
hot gaseous substances from profondeur. Ces vapeurs ou gaz
solidifying igneous rocks. sont appelés pneumatolytes.
pocket
SEE ore pocket
231
pod
podlike
SEE podiform
232
polynodule
polymetamorphism; polymétamorphisme;
superimposed metamorphism métamorphisme polyphasé
Repeated episodes of heating and Métamorphisme en plusieurs
deformation acting upon rocks and phases successives qui se traduit
minerais. par une minéralogie complexe et
très particulière et par une
géochimie inusitée rassemblant des
éléments qui ne se rencontrent pas
ensemble dans les minéralisations
dont l'histoire géologique est plus
simple.
polynodule polynodule
Nodule polymétallique dont les
couches d'oxydes de fer et de
manganèse s'agrègent autour
de plusieurs noyaux.
NOTA Par opposition à
« mononodule ».
233
-p0 0r
pore-space filling
SEE impregnation 2
234
postorogenic
postdepositional
SEE diagenetic
235
posttectonic ,
potassium-argon dating
SEE K-Ar dating
potential ore
SEE possible ore
236
primary
preferential replacement
SEE selective replacement
237
primary
primary halo
SEE primary dispersion halo
238
prospect
prismatic structure
SEE columnar structure
probable ore
SEE inferred ore
productive vein
SEE quick vein
profitable exploitation
SEE economic mining
progressive metamorphism
SEE prograde metamorphism
239
prospecting
prospection
SEE prospecting
prospective terrain
SEE kindly ground
proved ore
SEE measured ore
240
pyritize
pseudomorphism pseudomorphose
The process of becoming a Phénomène de transformation d'un
pseudomorph. minéral en un autre, qui conserve
la même structure cristalline.
pseudomorphous
SEE pseudomorphic
pug
SEE gouge (n.)
pulverization
SEE comminution
pyritic pyriteux2
Of, pertaining to, resembling, or Qui est de la nature de la pyrite.
having the properties of pyrites.
pyritiferous
SEE pyrite-bearing
pyritisation [GBR]
SEE pyritization
pyritise [GBR]
SEE pyritize
241
pyrometamorphism
pyrometamorphism pyrométamorphisme
Metamorphism produced by heat. Thermométamorphisme de surface.
pyrometasomatism Pyrométasomatose
The formation of
contact-metamorphic mineral
deposits by hot emanations issuing
from the intrusive and involving
replacement of enclosing rock.
quartz-bearing
SEE quartzic
quartz gangue
SEE quartzose matrix
quartz lode
SEE quartz vein
242
radioactive
radioactive decay
SEE decay
243
radioactive
radioisotope
SEE radioactive isotope
radiometric dating
SEE isotopic dating
244
rare earth
-
rake (n.)
SEE plunge (n.)
Rand goldfield
SEE Witwatersrand goldfield
rank of metamorphism
SEE metamorphic grade
245
rare earths
recrystallization recristallisation
The formation of new mineral Formation d'un nouvel édifice
grains in a rock while in a solid cristallin au sein d'une roche ayant
state. The new grains have subi des contraintes. Ce processus
generally the same chemical and se traduit par la croissance de la
mineralogical composition as in taille des grains sans toutefois
the original rock. affecter leur composition chimique
• ou minéralogique.
NOTE When entirely new
minerals are formed, this process
should be called
"neomineralization."
cf. neomineralization
246
reducing
recrystallize recristalliser
To crystallize repeatedly. Produire la recristallisation.
redeposit redéposer
redeposition redépôt
Formation in a new accumulation,
such as the solution and
reprecipitation of mineral matter.
Redox
SEE oxidation-reduction
redox potential
SEE oxidation-reduction
potential
247
reducing
reductant
SEE reducing agent•
reduction réduction
Chemical reaction in which atoms
of molecules either lose oxygen or
gain hydrogen or electrons.
REE
SEE rare-earth element
248
, reniform
remobilisation [GBR]
SEE remobilization
reniform
SEE kidney-shaped
249
replacement
replacement lode
SEE replacement vein
250
residuum
251
resistivity
retrogressive metamorphism
SEE retrograde metamorphism
reworked remanié
Said of a geological material that Qualifie les éléments d'une roche
has been displaced by natural extraits pour participer à la
252
river-bar
reworked (cont'd)
agents from its place of origin and construction d'un sédiment plus
incorporated in recognizable form récent.
in a younger formation.
ribbon
SEE band
ribbon ore
SEE banded ore
ribbon structure
SEE banded structure
ribbon vein
SEE banded vein
rich
SEE high-grade (adj.)
-rich riche en
NOTE Used in expressions like
"copper-rich", "sulphur-rich", etc.
As opposed to "-poor."
ring ore
SEE cockade ore
river-bar placer
SEE bench placer
253
rock
rock roche
A naturally formed aggregate of Agrégat naturel de matière
mineral matter occurring in minérale lié par des forces de
fragments or in large masses. cohésion importantes, et qui se
NOTE The distinction between présente en masses ou en
rocks and minerals is that minerals fragments de grande taille. Si
are crystalline chemical la composition d'un minéral est
compounds, whereas rocks are toujours fixe, celle d'une roche
aggregates composed of one or est variable.
more minerals.
rock fabric
SEE fabric
rock joint
SEE joint (n.)
roof
SEE hanging wall
254
saddle
root racine
The conduit leading up through the
basement to an ore deposit in the
superjacent rocks.
rubblerock
SEE breccia
255
salband
salband
SEE gouge (n.)
salie salique
Said of minerals containing silicon S'applique aux minéraux riches en
and aluminum in large amount. silice et alumine.
saline residue
SEE evaporite
saussuritisation [GER]
SEE saussuritization
256
secondary
seabeach placer
SEE beach placer
seam couche2
A particular bed or vein in a series
of beds. It is usually applied to
coal but may also pertain to
metallic minerais.
257
secondary •
secondary geochemical
dispersion
SEE secondary dispersion
secondary halo
SEE secondary dispersion halo
SEDEX deposit
SEE sedimentary-exhalative
deposit •
258
sediment-hosted
259
sedimentological
segregation
SEE magmatic segregation
segregation vein
SEE segregated vein
selective weathering
SEE differential weathering
260
serpentinous
selvage
SEE gouge (n.)
selvedge
SEE gouge (n.)
sericitized séricitisé
serpentinization serpentinisation
The process of hydrothermal Altération en serpentine de
alteration by which magnesium- minéraux ferromagnésiens, en
rich silicate minerals are converted particulier de l'olivine, dans les
into, or replaced by, a member of roches magmatiques basiques ou
the serpentine group of minerals. ultrabasiques.
serpentinous serpentineux
Relating to, consisting of, or
resembling serpentine.
261
shale-hosted
sheet deposit
SEE blanket-like deposit
sheeted-zone deposit
SEE shear-zone deposit
262
silicate facies
-
siallitization siallitisation
cf. bisiallitization, Hydrolyse partielle des roches
monosiallitization, allitization aluminosilicatées où une fraction
de la silice extraite lors de
l'altération réagit avec la totalité
de l'alumine libérée pour
engendrer de nouveaux composés
silicatés du groupe des
phyllosilicates argileux.
siallitized siallitisé
263
silicate-facies
silicified silicifié
- Transformé . en -silice.
silification
SEE silicification
264
skarn
sill of ore
SEE ore sill
silver-bearing
SEE argentiferous
sinter
SEE siliceous sinter
site of deposition
SEE depositional site
265
skarn
skarn (cont'd)
of silicon, aluminum, iron, and introduction de silice, de fer et de
magnesium. Many skarns serve as magnésium magmatiques.
host rocks for economic deposits
of magnetite and copper sulphides.
NOTE In American usage the
term is nearly synonymous with
"tactite."
266
sphere
soil caliche
SEE caliche
source rock
SEE parent rock
sphere ore
SEE cockade ore
267
spherulitic
spontaneous potential
prospecting
SEE self-potential prospecting
SP prospecting
SEE self-potential prospecting
SP survey
SEE self-potential prospecting
268
. stockWork
stabile stabile
Applied to rocks and minerais that Se dit d'une roche ou d'un minéral
are mechanically or chemically difficilement altérable.
stable. NOTA Par opposition à « labile ».
NOTE As opposed to "labile."
269
stockwork
stockwork (cont'd)
irregular veinlets so closely anastomosés, particulièrement
spaced that the whole mass can be nombreux et rapprochés, de sorte
worked, the veins being too thin qu'il devient nécessaire d'exploiter
and too closely spaced to be mined toute la masse du gisement.
individually.
cf. lode2
• straticule
SEE lamination
stratification stratification
The deposition of material in
layers.
270
, stream
stratum strate
A tabular or sheetlike body or Couche de roche sédimentaire
layer of sedimentary rock, visually différente des dépôts inférieur et
separable from other layers above supérieur, de par sa composition et
and below. son origine.
NOTE The term is more
frequently used in its plural form,
strata.
Unlike "bed", "stratum"
has no connotation of thickness or
extent, and although the terms are
sometimes used interchangeably
they are not synonymous.
cf. bed
stream gold
SEE alluvial gold
stream placer
SEE alluvial placer
271
stream-sediment
stria strie
A line or furrow generally seen on Fin sillon qui atteste qu'une
the walls of a lode or fault. cassure minéralisée a encore
joué après le dépôt du minerai.
strip mine
SEE opencast mine
272
subjacent
structural framework
SEE structural setting
subeconomic grade
SEE sub-ore grade
273
sublayer
submarine weathering
SEE halmyrolysis
substratum
SEE sublayer
subvertical
SEE near-vertical
274
sulfur
sulfate-reducing bacterium
SEE sulphate-reducing
bacterium
sulfidation
SEE sulphidation
sulfide
SEE sulphide
sulfide facies
SEE sulphide facies
sulfide ore
SEE sulphide ore
sulfide zone
SEE sulphide zone
sulfidization
SEE sulphidation
sulfosalt
SEE sulpho-salt
sulfur bacterium
SEE sulphate-reducing
bacterium
275
sulfurization
sulfurization
SEE sulphidation
276
sulphurization
sulphidization
SEE sulphidation
sulphur bacterium
SEE sulphate-reducing
bacterium
sulphurization
SEE sulphidation
277
superficial
278
surrounding
superimposed metamorphism
SEE polymetamorphism
superstratum
SEE overlying bed
surface deposit
SEE superficial deposit
surface weathering
SEE superficial weathering
surficial deposit
SEE superficial deposit
surrounding rock
SEE country rock
279
swell
symptomatic mineral
SEE diagnostic mineral
syndiagenesis syndiagenèse
The sedimentational, Diagenèse biochimique due aux
prediastrophic phase of diagenesis. organismes vivants et surtout aux
cf. early diagenesis bactéries.
syngenesis syngenèse
The process by which Processus dans lequel le minerai et
mineral deposits were formed son enveloppe se mettent en place
simultaneously and in a similar en même temps.
manner to the rock enclosing them.
280
tectonic
281
telemagmatic
telescoping télescopage
The compression of mineral Rencontre ou présence simultanée
assemblages of an ore deposit de métaux ou de minéraux sur un
with the country rock. Epithermal espace restreint, alors qu'ils sont
deposits sometimes show ailleurs normalement disjoints. La
telescoping. présence de l'étain et de l'argent
dans les gîtes stanno-argentifères
est un exemple de télescopage.
tenor
SEE grade' (n.)
terrace placer
SEE bench placer
282
titan iferous
texture texture
In petrology, the sizes, shapes of Ensemble des caractères
particles, and mutual relationships définissant l'agencement et les
among the component crystals of a relations volumiques et spatiales
rock. des populations minérales d'une
roche.
tin-bearing
SEE stanniferous
283
titanium-iron
tonnage tonnage
The amount of ore contained in a Quantité totale de métal que
workable deposit. It is expressed contient une concentration
in tonnes (t) or megatonnes (Mt). métallifère.
top
SEE overburden
top wall
SEE hanging wall
tourmalinisation [GBR1
SEE tourmalinization
tourmalinised [GBR]
SEE tourmalinized
tourmalinization; tourmalinisation
tourmalinisation [GBR]
An alteration process whereby Formation d'une roche à quartz et
minerais or rocks are replaced à tourmaline, aux dépens des
wholly or in part by tourmaline. micas et des feldspaths primitifs.
284
transported
tracer traceur
A substance that is used in a Les gisements métallifères, en
process to trace its course. reflétant les processus dynamiques
de l'intérieur de la Terre, jouent le
rôle'de traceurs à partir desquels
on suit les circulations dans la
croûte et on détermine les forces
motrices de ces circulations.
285
transported
trapped constituent
SEE entrapped constituent
treelike
SEE dendritic
trituration
SEE comminution
trough reef
SEE reverse saddle
286 •
underlying
unaltered rock
SEE fresh rock
unattackable
SEE unalterable
underlying
SEE subjacent
287
underlying
underlying bed
SEE sublayer
unmixing
SEE exsolution
unmixing lamella
SEE exsolution lamella
unweathered rock
SEE fresh rock
U-Pb dating
SEE uranium-lead dating
upgrading valorisation2
The increase of the commercial
value of a mineral product by
appropriate treatment.
288
uranium-bearing
uprising flow
SEE ascending flow
uprising solution
SEE ascending solution
uranium-bearing
SEE uraniferous
289
uranium deposit
useful minerai
SEE valuable mineral
vein deposit
SEE lode deposit
291
veinlet
vein material
SEE vein filling
vein matter
SEE vein filling
veinstuff
SEE vein filling
vein system
SEE vein network
292
volcanogenic
293
volcanogenic
vug vacuole
A small cavity in a vein or ore Petite cavité, vide ou remplie de
deposit, usually lined with crystals minéraux différents de ceux de la
of a different mineral composition roche encaissante.
from the enclosing rock.
vuggy vacuolaire
Relating to a vug or applied to a
mineral deposit abounding in vugs.
wall
SEE vein wall
294
weathered
washing lavage
cf. panning Séparation, avec de l'eau, des
parties terreuses et des parties
métalliques d'un matériau
métallifère meuble.
wash pan
SEE pan
waste
SEE dead ground
waste rock
SEE dead ground
weathered météorisé
Said of a rock or mineral that has Altéré par l'action des agents
been changed by long exposure to atmosphériques.
atmospheric conditions. NOTA Dans la pratique, le terme
cf. altered mineral, altered rock anglais weathered est souvent
traduit par « altéré », qui a plus
d'extension.
295
weathering
workable
SEE mineable
workable deposit
SEE mineable deposit
296
zeolitization
workable ore
SEE mineable ore
worked out
SEE mined out
xenothermal deposit
7
gîte xénothermal; gisement
xénothermal
A hydrothermal mineral deposit Dépôt hydrothermal formé à haute
formed at high temperature but température, mais à profondeur
at shallow to moderate depth. faible ou modérée.
zeolitization
7
zéolitisation
Introduction of, alteration to, or Transformation des feldspaths et
replacement by, a mineral or d'autres aluminosilicates en
minerals of the zeolite group. The zéolites.
297
zeolitization
zeolitization (cont'd)
process is sometimes associated
with çopper mineralization.
zinc-bearing
SEE zinciferous
zonal structure
SEE zoning l
zonation
SEE zoning2
zonation pattern
SEE zonal pattern
zone zone
In a vein or deposit, a distinctively
mineralized area from upper to
lower horizons. A vein may be
divided into three main zones:
(1) the unaltered ore at depth;
298
zoning
zone (cont'd)
(2) the altered surface portion that
contains native metals and oxides;
and (3) the zone of secondary
enrichment that occurs between the
first two zones.
zone of cementation
SEE cementation zone
zone of oxidation
SEE oxidized zone
zone of weathering
SEE weathering zone
299
Lexique français-anglais / French-English Glossary
accrétion accretion
adcumulat adcumulate
301
âge
agpaïtique agpaitic
302
altération
altérable alterable
altération alteration
303
altération
304
altérite
305
alunitisation
alunitisation alunitization
anchimétamorphisme anchimetamorphism
306
anticlinal
anorthositisation anorthositization
307
apex
aquatolyse aquatolysis
308
auréole
309
auréole
authigenèse authigenesis
autochtonie autochthony
autohydratation autohydratation
autométamorphisme autometamorphism
310
basse
autométasomatose autometasomatism
311
bassin
bauxitisation bauxitization
312
brèche
biofaciès biofacies
bio-rhexistasie biorhexistasy
bio-rhexistasique biorhexistatic
bisiallitisation bisiallitization
bituminisation bituminization
blanchiment bleaching
313
brèche
calcification calcification
314
ceinture
carbonaté carbonatized
carbonatite carbonatite
315
ceinture
316
clarke
cherteux cherty
chertification chertification
chimisme chemism
317
clarke
colloïdal colloidal
colluvial colluvial
compaction compaction
318
cône
complexion complexing
concrétion concretion
319
conglomérat
320
corps
321
corps
couche' layer
couche2 seam
322
croûte
cristallisation crystallization
323
croûte
crustification crustification
cumulus cumulus
D
damouritisation damouritization
324
degré
décarbonatation decarbonatation
décarbonaté decarbonated
325
degré
dépôt2 deposition
326
dépôt
327
dépôt de fer
328
dépôt ferrugineux
329
dépôt filonien
330
dépôt placérien
331
dépôt placérien
332
dépôt uranifère
333
dépôt volcano-sédimentaire
déshydratation dehydration
334
dispersion
diagenèse diagenesis
335
dispersion
dissolution dissolution
district district
336
eau
dragage dredging
337
eau
338
élément
339
élément
340
épaisseur
endomorphisme; endomorphism;
endométamorphisme endometamorphism;
endomorphic metamorphism
enrichissement2 enrichment2
envelopp e l envelope l
enveloppe2 2envlop
341
épaisseur
épidiagenèse epidiagenesis
épidotisation epidotization
épisyénitisation episyenitization
épitaxie epitaxy
épithermal epithermal
épizonal epizonal
épizone epizone
342
événement
évaporitique evaporitic
343
exhaure
exploitabilité mineability
344
faciès
IN1111111111111
faciès 1 facies
345
faciès
346
ferrobactérie
felsique felsic
fénitisé fenitized
347
ferromagnésien
filière lode l
348
filon
349
filon de nickel-cobalt
350
filon métasomatique
351
filon minéralisé
352
fluide
fissure fissure
353
fluide
354
forte
355
forte
framboïdal framboidal
gamme de pH pH range
356
gisement
géochimie geochemistry
357
gisement à dominante
358
gisement dans les sédiments
359
gisement dans les terrains
360
gisement de skarns
361
gisement de soufre
362
gisement épibatholitique
363
gisement épigénétique
364
gisement lié
365
gisement lié
366
gisement péribatholitique
367
gisement périmagmatique
368
gisement sous-marin
369
gisement stannifère
370
gisement xénothermal
371
gisement zoné
372
gîte
373
gîte de cassure
374
gîte de skarns
375
gîte de soufre
376
gîte en amas
377
gîte en forme
378
gîte hypothermal
379
gîte igné
380
gîte magmatique
381
gîte magmatique
382
gîte plutonique
383
gîte pneumatolytique
384
gîte sulfuré
385
gîte supergène
386
granitisation
glauconitisation glauconitization
glyptogenèse glyptogenesis
gouttière' gutter
grain grain
387
granule
granulitisation grantilitization
graphitisation - graphitization
grenatisation garnetization
388
gypsification
gypsification gypsification
389
habitus
halmyrolytique halmyrolytic
hématisé hematized
390
hydrothermalite
horizon horizon
hydatogenèse hydatogenesis
391
hydroxyde
hypogène hypogene
392
indicateur
inclusion inclusion2
393
indicateur
intercroissance intergrowth
394
invité
intraformationnel intraformational
395
irrégulier
irrégulier patchy
kaolinitisation kaolinitization
karstifié karstified
396
laminé
labile labile
lamelle blade
397
lamine
lavage washing
lentille lens
398
levé
399
levé
400
magma
linéament lineament
lit bed
litage bedding
lithinifère lithium-bearing
macro-rubanement macrobanding
401
magma
magmatisme magmatism
manto2 manto2
martitisation martitization
402
métallisation
métal metal
403
métallogenèse
métallogenèse metallogenesis
métamictisation metamictization
404
métasomatose
métamorphisé metamorphosed
métasomatique metasomatic
405
métasomatose
météorisé weathered
406
migration
407
migration
408
minerai
mine de plomb et de zinc; mine lead-zinc mine; lead and zinc mine
de plomb-zinc
minerai ore
409
minerai à l'état
410
minerai disséminé
411
minerai d'or
412
minerai porphyrique
413
minerai possible
414
minéral
415
minéral cuprifère
416
minéral hydrothermal
417
minéral inclus
418
minéral néoformé
minéralisé ore-bearing
419
minéral noir
minéralogie mineralogy
420
minéraux
421
minéraux
minérogenèse minerogs
mononodule mononodule
monosiallitisation monosiallitization
422
néoblaste
muscovitisation muscovitization
423
néoformation
nodule nodule
noduleux nodular
424
Or
nourrissage feeding
425
or
ouverture l opening
426
paléoplacer
427
paléoplacer
pénécontemporain penecontemporaneous
pépite nugget
pépitique nuggety
428
Pipe
pétrographie petrography
pétrologie petrology
pH pH
429
pipe
430
plonger
431
plus
polynodule polynodule
432
processus
433
processus
434
province
435
province
pseudomorphose pseudomorphism
pyriteux2 pyritic
436
radioprospection
pyrométamorphisme pyrometamorphism
pyrométasomatose pyrometasomatism
racine root
437
rameau
recristallisation recrystallization
recristalliser recrystallize
redéposer redeposit
redépôt redeposition
réduction reduction
438
renflement
remanié reworked
439
réniforme
440
roche-couverture
riche en -rich
roche rock
441
roche de gangue
442
roche porteuse
443
roche résiduelle
444
saumure
salique salie
445
saumure
446
séricitisation
447
séricitisé
séricitisé sericitized
serpentineux serpentinous
serpentinisation serpentinization
siallitisation siallitization
siallitisé siallitized
silicifié silicified
448
solution
449
solution
450
structure
stabile stabile
strate stratum
stratification stratification
strie stria
451
structure
452
substratum
453
substratum
454
teneur
syndiagenèse syndiagenesis
syngenèse syngenesis
télescopage telescoping
455
teneur
teneur faible; basse teneur; faible • low grade' (n.); low tenor
teneur
terminer en biseau, se; s'amenuiser pinch out (v.); thin out (v.)
et disparaître; s'étrangler
456
thermométrie
texture texture
457
thiophile
tonnage tonnage
traceur tracer
altération diagénétique
458
vacuole
vacuolaire vuggy
vacuole vug
459
valeur
valorisation2 upgrading
460
venue
461
véritable
zéolitisation zeolitization
462
zonalité
463
zonation
zone zone
464
zone
465
Bibliographie / Bibliography
DERRY, Duncan R., et al. World Atlas of Geology and Mineral Deposits,
London, Mining Journal Books, 1980, 110 p.
467
FOUCAULT, Alain et RAOULT, Jean-François. Dictionnaire de géologie,
3 éd. rév. et augm., Paris, Masson, 1988, 352 P.
468
NICOLINI, Pierre. Gîtologie et exploration minière, Paris, Technique et
Documentation — Lavoisier, 1990, 589 p.
THRUSH, Paul W., comp. and ed. A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and
Related Terms, Washington (D.C.), U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines, 1968, 1269 p.
469
WHITTEN, D.G.A. and BROOKS, J.R.V. The Penguin Dictionary of
Geology, Harmondsworth, Middlesex (England), Penguin Books, 1972,
520 p.
470
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