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 PREFACE

Le présent vade-mecum aborde les points essentiels de la grammaire anglaise, en vue

de l’obtention du CMLE-G premier degré.

Il est conseillé de se munir d’un dictionnaire monolingue et d’un des manuels de

grammaire référencés à la fin du sommaire.

Comme le précise le dictionnaire Petit Larousse : un vade-mecum est un « Guide,

manuel que l’on garde avec soi pour le consulter ». Il est donc nécessaire et indispensable de
le lire et de l’utiliser sans modération pour la préparation du Certificat Militaire de Langue
Etrangère-gendarmerie du 1°degré.

Cependant, il est important de préciser qu’il n’est qu’une aide à votre préparation
et ne doit, en aucun cas, servir de base à cette dernière. Un apprentissage du vocabulaire
courant est plus qu’indispensable pour le jour de l’examen.

2
 SOMMAIRE

GRAMMAIRE.................................................................................Pag.04

Le groupe verbal .......................................................Pag.05

Les présents .................................................................Pag.05
L’impératif ..................................................................Pag.11
Les prétérits .................................................................Pag.12
Les present perfect ......................................................Pag.15
Le past perfect .............................................................Pag.18
FOR / SINCE / AGO...................................................Pag.19
Les auxiliaires de modalité..........................................Pag.21
L’expression du futur ..................................................Pag.27
Le Passif ......................................................................Pag.30

Le Groupe Nominal....................................................Pag.33
Les articles...................................................................Pag.33
Les quantifieurs ...........................................................Pag.39
Comparatif...................................................................Pag.42
Superlatif .....................................................................Pag.43

CORRECTION DES EXERCICES ..............................................Pag.45

LEXIQUE .....................................................................................Pag.51

LES ANNEXES ...............................................................................Pag.66

Annales du CMLE-G 1 Anglais..........................................Pag.67
Writing a letter ....................................................................Pag.68
Liste des verbes irréguliers .................................................Pag.69
Bibliographie.......................................................................Pag.72

3
GRAMMAIRE

4
 Présent simple

1. Formation
• Forme affirmative : S + V (+CPLT)

Ex : I play tennis.

☛ Ne pas oublier le « -S » à la troisième personne du singulier.

☛ Attention à la modification orthographique en « -ES » pour les verbes se terminant par -O,
-Y, -S, -X, -Z, -SH, -CH ( he goes, he carries, he crosses, he relaxes, it buzzes, she washes, he
watches).

• Forme négative : S + DO/DOES NOT (don’t/ doesn’t) + V (+CPLT )

Ex : I don’t play tennis.

• Forme interrogative :

( WH-) + Aux + S + V (+CPLT) ?

Ex : Do you play tennis ?

Where do you play tennis ?

5
2. Emploi du présent simple
➘ Le présent simple peut exprimer l’habitude ou la fréquence d’une action :

I play tennis every day.

He goes to Scotland once a day.

➘ Une vérité générale et permanente :

The sun rises in the east.

Women are complicated.

➘ Il peut avoir une valeur spécifique, objective et factuelle :

I go to the swimming-pool.
« Zidane receives the ball, runs forward and scores ! »

➘ L’anglais requiert le présent simple dans les subordonnées de temps (après les
conjonctions : when, as soon as, once .....)
A partir du moment où When + S/P est réalisée, S/P dans la principale le sera aussi.

We will leave as soon as he arrives.

I will tell him when I feel like it.

➘ Expression du futur pour les sujets inanimés avec une référence temporelle précise.

The train leaves at 5 pm.

6
 BE + V-ING

1. Formation
• Forme affirmative : S + BE ( au présent simple) + V- ING (+ Cplt)

Eg : He is playing tennis.

• Forme négative : S + BE + NOT + V-ING (+Cplt)

Eg : She is not playing tennis.

She isn’t playing tennis.

• Forme interrogative : (WH-) + BE + V-ING (+Cplt) ?

Eg : Is she playing tennis ?

What is she playing ?

2. Emploi du BE + V-ING

➘ Pour décrire le déroulement d’une action au moment de l’énonciation :

( Aspect descriptif )
Ex: Julia is doing the washing up while Peter is smoking before the TV.

➘ Par opposition au présent simple, pour montrer qu’une situation est soit temporaire, soit
exceptionnelle, ou encore qu’elle a évolué.
Exs : Bob is playing tennis this year.( Il ne jouait pas jusqu’à présent).
I usually drink tea but today I’m drinking a coffee.

➘ Pour exprimer une idée future. Il traduit l’intention ou la prévision du

locuteur. Dans ce cas, la présence d’un marqueur de temps est nécessaire ( on
Monday, tomorrow....).
Ex : John is leaving in an hour.

➘ Certains verbes ne peuvent pas prendre l’aspect BE + V-ING, ce sont

principalement les verbes d’état, de perception, de jugement...
Ex : I want to come with you.
I like her because she’s very bright.

7
 LE PRESENT : RECAPITULATION

PRESENT SIMPLE

Formation :

Forme affirmative S V(s) (Cplt) I work as a policeman.

She wants to be a soldier.
They play football every Saturday.
Forme négative S Aux+NOT V You don’t speak German.
(Cplt) He doesn’t understand English.
Forme interrogative (WH-) Aux S V ? Do you need something ?
How does it work ?

!!!
Les verbes en O, S, X, Z, SH et CH prennent –ES à la 3e personne du singulier :
He/she/it goes, crosses, relaxes, washes...
Les verbes se terminant par une consonne suivie d’un Y se terminent par –IES :
He worries too much.

Emploi :

- Habitude / fréquence
We usually go out at the week-end.

- Vérité générale / caractéristique permanente

The sun rises in the East.
I speak four languages.

Pas d’implication du locuteur.

Dans les exemples précédents, le présent simple ne décrit pas des actions qui se déroulent
dans le moment présent, sous les yeux du locuteurs.

- Actions présentes : reportage, commentaire sportif => succession rapide d’actions

ponctuelles.

- Présent de narration : rare en anglais, on utilise le plutôt le prétérit.

- Horaires, programmes (sens futur) => style formel.

The train leaves at five.

8
 PRESENT EN BE + V-ING

Formation :

Forme affirmative S BE+V-ING (Cplt) We are working now.

She is sleeping.
Forme négative S BE+NOT V-ING You’re not behaving correctly.
(Cplt) The boss isn’t going home.
Forme interrogative (WH-) BE S V-ING Are they still waiting ?
? What is she watching ?

Emploi :

- action en déroulement (= présent « progressif »).

Lucy is having breakfast.

- implication de l’énonciateur.
You’re wasting your time !

- intention, projet (sens futur).

I’m leaving tomorrow.

Ton moins solennel que le présent simple, on ne proclame pas une vérité mais on dit ce que
l’on constate.

Cas particuliers :

Certains verbes admettent difficilement le – ing.

- Les verbes de perception involontaire (hear, see). En revanche, des verbes de sens voisins
(to look, to listen) admettent le – ing.
Can you see that bird in the tree ? Yes, I’m looking at it.

- Des verbes comme to feel, to smell , to taste peuvent vouloir dire les deux.

9
 EXERCICES

1. Choose the right form of the present tense

a. Every Sunday he (go) to London to visit his parents.

b. They (have) dinner with their neighbours.
c. I (drive) to town every morning.
d. He (walk) to school this morning.
e. The Millers (live) in Bristol.
f. The child (run) across the street.
g. Bob (read) a book by the fireplace.
h. She often (come) to see me on Tuesdays.

2. Choose the right form of the present tense

Look, the guests (arrive). Lucy (wear) a new dress. She (spend) a lot on clothes. She (go) to a
wedding next month. It (be) a pity the wind (blow) today but everyone (know) the wind
(blow) a lot in Birmingham. Who (come) now? It (be) old Fred. He (talk) to Lucy. You
(know) that Fred (leave) for China tomorrow. His plane (leave) at 6 p.m. I (like) Fred because
he always (say) funny things! I (be) sorry that he (leave) and I will be glad when he (come
back).

3. Translate into English

a. Fred se repose parce qu’il est fatigué.

b. Habituellement, ils passent leurs vacances à Rome.
c. La vache broute (graze) dans la prairie ce matin.
d. Il répète souvent les mêmes choses.
e. Tous les enfants font du bruit.
f. Quel est ce bruit? C’est la fille de mon voisin qui joue du piano.
g. Que fais-tu le dimanche en général?
h. Restons au salon! Les enfants prennent le thé dans la cuisine.
i. Ecoute! Lucy se moque encore de Fred.
j. Vous voulez voir mon père ? Il lit dans le jardin.
k. Il regarde la télévision tous les jours entre 7 et 8.
l. Le chien du voisin aboie; qu’est-ce qui se passe?
m. Les Anglais ne mangent pas beaucoup de légumes.
n. James n’est pas là. Il joue au tennis avec Lucy.
o. Le chat ronronne (purr) sur le tapis.

10
 L’IMPERATIF

1. La deuxième personne
a. Ni sujet, ni marque de temps

Ex : Be quiet !
Sit down !
Make yourself at home.

YOU est parfois utilisé pour marquer plus d’insistance

Ex : You keep quiet !

b. Négation : DO NOT + V

Ex : Don’t be stupid !
Don’t cry.

3. Impératif de politesse, « emphatique », pour une invitation à faire quelque chose :

Ex : Do be careful ! (Et surtout, fais bien attention.)

Do come in ! (Mais entrez donc, je vous en prie.)

2. 1ère personne du pluriel

LET US / LET’S

Ex : Let’s go !
Now, let us pray !

11
 PRETERIT

➘Référence à un fait PASSE, DATE, TERMINE.

➘Temps de la narration, succession d’actions dans le passé.
➘Le plus souvent, le verbe est accompagné d’un indicateur temporel plus ou moins explicite.
➘A la forme négative et à la forme interrogative, c’est l’auxiliaire qui porte la marque du
temps et de la négation, le cas échéant.

I looked for a guy in grey.

Affirmation

V- ed He carried a gun.
They stopped him at the frontier.
They caught a mass murderer.
Forme irrégulière They dealt with the enemy forces.

You did not stop him.

Négation

S did not + BV ( + Cplt ). He didn’t carry a gun.

They didn’t catch him.
Interrogation

Where did you find him?

(Wh-) did S BV (+ Cplt ) ?
Did they catch him?

- S was not (+ Cplt) He wasn’t happy.

BE
? (WH-) was S ( + Cplt ) ? Who was in the kitchen ?

12
 PRETERIT EN BE + V-ING

1. Formation
S + WAS/WERE + V-ING

I was reading.
Was your brother watching TV ?
No, he wasn’t.

2. Emploi
• Une action était en train de se dérouler à un moment du passé.
What were you doing at eight o’clock yesterday evening ?
I was watching TV.

• Progressif => action en cours ; simple => fait nouveau qui s’est produit et qui vient
parfois interrompre l’action déjà en cours.
She was walking in a deserted street. Suddenly she heard a footstep.
When I arrived, he was repairing his car.

Au prétérit simple l’action est envisagée dans sa totalité.

Au prétérit progressif l’action est non achevée à ce moment du passé (aspect imperfectif).

• Description d’une scène ou d’une situation sans indication de limite dans le temps.
It was getting dark.

• Futur dans le passé :

He told me that he was taking an exam in June.

13
 EXERCICES

1. Mettre les verbes au prétérit qui convient

a. When I (meet) her, she (go) to the shops.

b. When I (call) him he (tell) me he (paint) the door.
c. As I (come) to her a policeman (stop) me.
d. While I (dig) in the garden it (begin) to rain.
e. When they (leave) we (work) in the kitchen..
f. I (sleep) very well when the dog (wake) me up.
g. What (you / do) when I (ring) the doorbell ?
h. The sun (shine) when we (get up).
i. He (try) to open the door when he suddenly (remember) he had no key.

2. Traduire

La maison était très grande. Quand nous avons sonné à la porte la propriétaire plantait des
fleurs. C’était une belle femme. Nous lui avons parlé. Elle nous a dit qu’elle ne supportait
plus les oiseaux qui chantaient dans le jardin. Elle a ajouté que lorsque son mari prendrait sa
retraite, ils voyageraient beaucoup. Nous avons été impressionnés par cette femme charmante
qui parlait avec un accent étranger. Elle savait beaucoup de choses et nous l’avons écoutée
avec beaucoup d’attention. Vers la fin de notre conversation, nous avons appris qu’elle allait à
Londres le lendemain mais nous savions qu’elle reviendrait aussitôt que ses enfants auraient
besoin d’elle car c’était aussi une mère affectueuse.

3. Compléter les phrases en utilisant le prétérit simple ou en BE + V-ING

Yesterday I (go) to London where I (buy) a few things that I (need). The sun (shine) and the
birds (sing) when we (arrive) at Hyde Park Corner. Lots of people (sit) on benches and (look)
at what (go on) on the streets. We (see) many foreigners. A young man who (say) he (be)
from Sydney (give) a speech. He (make) people laugh with his Australian jokes. Finally he
(decide) to leave and (say) he would come back as soon as he (find) a £5 note to buy his
lunch. The joke (amuse) an old man who (give) him a handful of coins. The young Australian
(be) pleased with the money and he (thank) the old man heartily.

14
 HAVE + PP

L’accent est mis sur le résultat actuel d’une action débutée dans le passé.
Le moment précis où cette action s’est déroulée importe peu.

Eg: I went to Canada in 1992. (l’accent est mis sur le moment)

I’ve been to Canada. (J’y suis déjà allé, au moins une fois, le moment précis importe peu).

Formation Emploi
Action passée dont on fait le bilan au moment où l’on parle.
HAVE + PP ...Réel I’ve done my exercise. (Bilan: il est fait!)
He’s gone this morning (Bilan: il n’est plus là!)
Résultat, Bilan... Action passée dont on tire une expérience.
...mental I’ve seen that film. / I’ve heard
She’s been to Australia.

S HAVE NOT + PP She hasn’t come back yet.

(WH-) have S + PP Where has he gone?

(Cplt)?

He’s gone to the hairdresser’s. Il est parti... (et y est toujours.)

He’s been to the hairdresser’s. Il est allé... (et il est revenu.)

HAVE BEEN + V-ing

Formation Emploi
L’action commencée dans le passé est toujours en cours.
HAVE + BEEN Implication forte de l’énonciateur (valeur souvent péjorative).
+ V-ING I’ve been waiting for ages!
I’ve been working on this file since the morning !

S have not + been They haven’t been working on it for long.

+ V-ING

(Wh-) have S been How long has he been working on it?

+ VB-ING

15
 EXERCICES

1. Mettre les verbes au present perfect simple

a. He (not pay) the telephone bill.

b. I (buy) a few oranges.
c. She (not finish) her homework yet.
d. (John / cut) the grass ?
e. Someone (steal) Mary’s car!
f. They (repair) the road.
g. (you / see) my keys anywhere?
h. We (not hear) from him lately.

2. Put the verbs in the right tense

a. I don’t know where Amy is. (you / see) her ?

b. When I (get) home last night, I (be) very tired and I (go) straight to bed.
c. Your car looks very clean. (you / wash) it ?
d. George (not be) very well last week.
e. Mrs Clark (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
f. Molly lives in Dublin. She (live) there all her life.
g. - (you / go) to the cinema last night ? – Yes, but it (be) a mistake. The film (be) awful.
h. My grandfather (die) 30 years ago. I (never meet) him.
i. I don’t know Carol’s husband. I (never meet) him.
j. - Is your father at home ? - No, I’m afraid he (go) out.
- When exactly (go out) ? – About ten minutes ago.
k. - Where do you live ? – In Boston.
- How long (you / live) there ? – Five years.
- Where (you / live) before that ? – In Chicago.
- And how long (you / live) in Chicago ? – Two years.

3. Put the verbs in the right tense

a. It (not rain) this week.

b. The weather (be) cold recently.
c. It (be) cold last week.
d. I (not read) a newspaper yesterday.
e. I (not read) a newspaper today.
f. Ann (earn) a lot of money this year.
g. She (not earn) so much last year.
h. (you / have) a holiday recently ?

16
4. Put the verbs in the right tense

a. My neighbours (just buy) a new VCR.

b. We (never be) in Switzerland.
c. Peter and I (go) to the cinema last night.
d. Patricia (start) practising tennis last month.
e. We (leave) home at 9.00 and get there by 11.30.
f. She (not finish) her homework yet.
g. The Leydons (live) here since January.
h. I (wait) for a few minutes.
i. Last year Jim (break) his leg.
j. They (arrive) at 10.00 this morning.

5. Choose the right answer

a. We (a/ have met b/ met c/ have been meeting) John’s parents last week.
b. I (a/ started b/ have started c/ starting) playing football two years ago.
c. He (a/ hasn’t been having b/ hasn’t had c/ didn’t have) a cooked breakfast for ages.
d. (a/ Did you lock b/ Were you locking c/ Have you locked) the door before leaving the
house ?
e. They (a/ have stopped b/ stopped c/ having stopped) working at 5 p.m.
f. Peter (a/ has just come b/ just came c/ was just coming) back from Italy. He looks great.
g. What (a/ have you done b/ have you been doing c/ did you do) last night ?
h. They (a/ never were b/ have never been c/ were never being) abroad because they can’t
afford it.
i. Mr Jenkins (a/ was arriving b/ has arrived c/ arrived) at 9 o’clock.
j. Yesterday morning we (a/ have got up b/ got up c/ having got up) very early.

17
 Le Past Perfect (ou Pluperfect)

1. Formation
Past Perfect simple: HAD + P.P.
Past Perfect en -ING: HAD BEEN + V-ING

2. Emploi
Le Past Perfect décrit un état / une action:

a- antérieur à un moment du passé:

They had drunk all the wine when I arrived.

b- qui se poursuivait à un moment du passé

(!) avec SINCE + date
FOR + durée
She had been there since June / for three months.

c- qui venait de s’accomplir

They had just received his letter when I arrived.

18
 FOR SINCE AGO.

FOR/SINCE :

On utilise généralement FOR et SINCE dans le sens de « depuis » avec le present perfect.

On utilise For pour une durée : On utilise since avec un point de départ
précis :
FOR 2 HOURS SINCE 8 O’CLOCK

2 hours ago now 8 o’clock now

-Sally’s been working here for 6 months -Sally’s been working here since April

-I haven’t seen Tom for 3 days -I haven’t seen Tom since Monday

FOR SINCE
two hours a week 8 o’clock 1977
twenty minutes fifty years Monday Christmas
five days a long time 12 May lunchtime
six months ages April they were at school

Quand FOR est au preterit, il a le sens de

pendant
He lived in London for 2 years.

AGO :
Ago + marqueur de temps = il y a

I went to Canada two years ago.

She found a job four hours ago.

19
 EXERCICES

1. Transformer les phrases comme dans l’exemple

ex: She last called me at 2 o’clock = She hasn’t called me since 2 o’clock.

a. He last read a newspaper last week.

b. We last received a letter from them on June 6th.
c. John last came here at the beginning of the month.
d. Bob last caught a fish when we arrived.
e. They last visited London in 1982.
f. I last rode a bike when I was a boy.
g. She last had lunch at a restaurant in March.
h. We last drank beer at the beginning of the week.

2. Transformer les phrases comme dans l’exemple

ex: We started walking 2 hours ago; we’re still walking.= We have been walking for 2 hours.

a. John started sleeping at 10; he’s still sleeping.

b. I started waiting three hours ago; I’m still waiting.
c. He started working for us in 1980; he’s still working for us.
d. We started living in Bristol 5 years ago; we’re still living there.
e. She started fishing one hour ago; she’s still fishing.
f. The girls started playing chess at 4; they’re still playing.
g. The sun started shining a fortnight ago; it’s still shining.
h. Bill started reading that book at the beginning of the afternoon; he’s still reading it.

20
 LES MODAUX

Formation :
- jamais de –s a la troisième personne du singulier.
- se conjuguent sans DO
- comme ce sont des auxiliaires, sont suivis de l’infinitif sans ‘to’

MUST
1) obligation
You must go now.

2) forte probabilité (95%)

She must be very clever

MUST NOT : interdiction : (MUSTN’T)

EQUIVALENT : to have to.

- must : obligation qui a pour origine celui qui parle.
MAIS mustn’t : interdiction
- to have to : obligation qui a une origine extérieure, règlement.
MAIS don’t have to : absence d’obligation

CAN
1) capacité du sujet :
I can swim(je sais nager)
I can speak English (je sais parler anglais)

2) possibilité, vraisemblance (90%):

Accidents can happen (des accidents peuvent se produire)

3) demande de permission
Can I go to the city ?

4) verbe de perception
I can see you (je te vois)

CANNOT
- impossibilité (contraire de must)
It can’t be true.
- interdiction
You can’t behave like that

EQUIVALENT : to be able to.

21
COULD
1) Nuance de doute (30%)
That could be true

2) capacité au passé
On utilise could pour une capacité permanente (je pouvais le faire, ce qui inclue
que l’action ne s’est pas forcément réalisée) et ‘was able to’ pour une action
précise.(j’ai pu le faire, l’action a été réalisée)

3) conditionnel
He could help us if he weren’t so busy.

4) demande de service polie

Could you please open the window.

MAY
1) permission (et demande)
You may leave (je te permets de sortir) = to be allowed to

2) hypothèse, équipossibilité (50%)

She may change her mind (il se peut qu’elle change d’avis).

MIGHT : incertitude (20%)

It might rain.

PERMISSION :
CAN COULD MAY
Le – poli Le + poli

VALEUR HYPOTHETIQUE
can’t might may can must will
Le – Le +
probable probable

NEED
Tantôt verbe ordinaire, tantôt auxiliaire de modalité.
Le modal se trouve principalement aux formes négatives et interrogatives.
- négative : absence de nécessité.
You needn’t worry.

- interrogative : sens voisin de must. (espoir d’une réponse négative)

Need I go to school ?
Yes, you must
No, you needn’t.

22
WILL
1) demande de service
Will you help me carry my suitcase ?

2) intention ferme

3) auxiliaire du futur

WOULD
1) would fréquentatif, comportement caractéristique dans le passé.
When he was four, Tom would wake up at night.

2) auxiliaire du conditionnel
If he were not that stupid, he would be such a nice guy.

3) demande de service polie

Would you please open the window...

SHALL
1) contrainte, règlement
You shall not kill (Tu ne tueras point)

2) engagement
We shall overcome (nous vaincrons)

3) demande polie, suggestion

Shall we go to the cinema tonight ?

4) auxiliaire du futur

SHOULD
1) + infinitif présent : conseil
You should be more careful (Tu devrais faire plus attention)

2) + infinitif passé : reproche

You should have been more careful (tu aurais du faire ....)

OUGHT TO
Conseil moins subjectif que should. Renvoie à la morale, aux convenances.
You ought to write a thank you letter (tu devrais écrire une lettre de remerciements)

23
DEMANDE
CAN COULD WILL WOULD
Le – poli Le + poli

24
MODAUX Valeur sémantique NOT Valeur épistémique NOT Equivalent

MUST - Obligation - Interdiction très forte probabilité fort doute Have to

(95%)
- Capacité ( acquis) - Incapacité
CAN - Verbe de perception - négation de Possibilité forte ( 90 %) Impossible Be able to
( inné) perception Rejet total
- ? Demande de
permission - réponse négative
- réponse positive
- demande de
MAY permission - Réponse négative Possibilité (50 / 50) Rejet 50% XXXXXXX
très polie
- réponse positive

COULD - Capacité passée - Incapacité passée Possibilité (30 %) Impossibilité XXXXXXX

CAN-ED - Demande de service passée
polie

27
 EXERCICES

1. Remplacer les mots en italique par un modal

a. You can try phoning but it’s possible that the car has been sold by now.
b. He asked if he would be allowed to write in ballpoint pen during the exam.
c. If you’ve been out of the country, you obviously haven’t heard about the robbery.
d. It was in your power to do a lot more to help people than you did.
e. Where would there be a chance of finding a flat to rent.
f. If you want to apply for a council improvement grant, it is compulsory to fill in form
RC4.
g. It’s important for me to come to a decision soon. Otherwise I might lose the chance.
h. She’s unlikely to have left without warning anyone.
i. I miss having a view. In my last house it was possible to see for miles on a clear day.
j. I’ve forgotten to return the key of the safe. I’m sure people have been looking everywhere
for it.
k. It’s possible that you won’t even have to show a pass to get in.
l. Do you think it would be advisable for me to book a seat in advance ?
m. It was thoughtless of you not to give me a hand with the washing-up. After all, it was
your friends we had for dinner, not mine !
n. Don’t bother to make out a receipt. I only throw them away.
o. Don’t start worrying. It’s possible that he took a later plane.
 LE FUTUR

WILL / ‘LL Volonté, prédiction

I will play football tomorrow afternoon.
WON’T Refus (volonté négative)
- Will you play tennis ? – No, I won’t.
SHALL Futur inévitable
I shall be 30 next month.
BE GOING TO Futur prévisible, intention
It’s going to rain.
I’m going to buy a new computer.
BE + V-ING Futur proche, intention
I’m watching TV tonight.
BE ABOUT TO Futur imminent
He’s in front of the door. He’s about to open it.
BE TO Prédiction
The meeting is to take place in room 30.

En règle générale, on emploie ...

WILL quand on a un futur en français
J’irai en Espagne en août. I’ll go to Spain in August.

BE + V-ING quand on a un présent avec un sens futur

Ils partent demain. They’re leaving tomorrow.

BE GOING TO quand on a le verbe « aller » dans un sens futur

Nous allons manger au restaurant. We’re going to eat at the restaurant.

Différences entre le français et l’anglais :

• WHEN : You will have to speak English when you are abroad. (présent)
Vous devrez parler anglais quand vous serez à l’étranger. (futur)

• Décision immédiate : On vient de sonner. J’y vais ! (présent)

I’ll go ! (futur)

• Promesse : D’accord, j’y pense. (présent)

OK, I’ll think about it. (futur)

29
 EXERCICES

1. Complétez les phrases suivantes avec will ou be going to

a. Oh! We should have brought the umbrella. It ............... rain!

b. I ............... speak to you if you apologise. Otherwise, don't even bother!
c. I am just going shopping. Could I ring you back in 15 minutes, otherwise the shops ...... be
closed.
d. I ............... ring James and see if he is any better. Do you want to talk to him?
e. She ............. try and get him to come along to the party, but I don't know if he .......... want
to. Anyway, it's not for 3 weeks.
f. I .......... go to the cinema next Monday if I have enough money.
g. He .......... see that film at the cinema tonight. Why not go along?
h. They ............... contact you later in the year if they need your help.

2. Complétez les phrases suivantes avec will ou shall. Indiquez les solutions doubles.

a. Go on! Ask him! But I know he ......... just say no. He ......... not even consider it!
b. Only rubber-soled footwear ........ be worn in the gymnasium.
c. I .............never be able to get this machine to work properly.
d. He ........... speak to you when he gets back from Edinburgh. That's on Thursday night.
e. I ......... tell you when I get to the hotel. Don’t worry!
f. You ........... listen to what I have to say whether you want or not!
g. .............. I open my presents now or do you want me to wait until after dinner?
h. We ............be in front of the post office at 8 o'clock. Try not to be late!

3. Complétez les phrases suivantes avec be going to ou le présent avec – ing

a. What ........ you this weekend? Anything special? (do)

b. It's not really worth going to Brighton for the day. Look! It ............. (rain)
c. I'm so thirsty I …………. a cup of tea. Do you fancy one as well? (make)
d. Paul's just phoned. He ............... round to give me the film back. (come)
e. I ...... and get into University to read English. Or, at least, I would like to. (try)
f. They ................. for Madrid tomorrow, so we'll have to settle everything today. (leave)
g. I ............... just ............ the neighbours to ask them to keep the noise down. I'll be back in
a couple of minutes. (see)
h. You're not ............... that letter, are you? It's not addressed to you. (open)
i. ......... John tonight? If you are, could you give him this CD back? I borrowed it from him
last week.(see)

30
4. Complétez les phrases suivantes en mettant le verbe entre parenthèses à une forme
exprimant le futur.

a. I ............... at 5 o'clock if I manage to get everything done in time. (leave)

b. He ......... you any longer. That's the last time! (not disobey)
c. You ........... what I have to say, whether you like it or not! (listen to)
d. I ............ lunch with Joanna today. She phoned me last week and we arranged to meet.
(have)
e. I ............... a couple of weeks holiday in June. I don't know exactly when though. (take)
f. ................ you me after 7 o'clock? I .... you all about it. (phone, tell)
g. I ....................... the film on to a cassette for you tonight, if you want me to. (record)
h. ........... you .............. it ...........? After all, it's the manufacturer's fault and not yours! (take
back)
i. ............ you ............... this, if I buy it for you? (wear)
j. The train ................. in a couple of minutes. Hurry up!(leave)

31
 LE PASSIF

1. Formation
Jim repairs the car.
S V COD

S BE + P.P. BY + Cplt. Agent

The car is repaired by Jim.

Exemple : Dean washes my shirt every day. (voix active)

My shirt is washed by Dean every day. (voix passive)

Règles : * le complément d’objet direct de la phrase à la voix active devient le sujet de

la phrase à la voix passive.
* le sujet de la phrase à la voix active devient le complément d’agent de la
phrase à la voix passive. Il est introduit par « by » en anglais, et n’est pas
obligatoire.
* Pour conjuguer un verbe au passif, on utilise l’auxiliaire « to be » au même
temps et au même aspect qu’à l’actif. Il sera suivi du participe passé du verbe.
Attention donc à toujours bien identifier le temps du verbe à la voix active,
lorsque vous opérez une transformation. S’il y a un auxiliaire de modalité, on le
conservera.
Exemples :
- They have punished him. - He has been punished. (by them)
Remarque : on conserve le present perfect.
- Sophie’s mother is serving tea. - Tea is being served by Sophie’s mother.
Remarque : on conserve l’aspect progressif en ajoutant « being ».
- Anyone can do it. - It can be done by anyone.
Remarque : On conserve l’auxiliaire de modalité de modalité « can ».

2. Cas particulier
les verbes prépositionnels :

Exemple : Everyone laughed at her (voix active)

She was laughed at by everybody. (voix passive)

Règle : La préposition se place immédiatement après le verbe au passif.

32
3. Exemples
• Présent simple

Bob steals the jewels

The jewels are stolen (by Bob)

• Présent en V-ING
Bob is stealing the jewels
The jewels are being stolen (by Bob)

• HAVE + PP
Bob has stolen the jewels
The jewels have been stolen (by Bob)

• Preterit
Bob stole the jewels
The jewels were stolen (by Bob)

• Preterit en -ING
Bob was stealing the jewels
The jewels were being stolen (by Bob)

• HAD-PP
Bob had stolen the jewels
The jewels had been stolen (by Bob)

• Futur
Bob will steal the jewels
The jewels will be stolen (by Bob)

• Avec des auxiliaires de modalité

Bob may steal the jewels
The Jewels may be stolen by (Bob)

Bob may have stolen the jewels

The jewels may have been stolen by (Bob)

33
 EXERCICE

1. Mettre les phrases suivantes à la voix passive.

a. Paul has just painted the garage door.

b. They will serve tea in the sitting-room at five.
c. Someone told me to wait for a few minutes.
d. They are pulling down the house round the corner.
e. They should not allow dogs on the beach.
f. Is someone collecting the tickets ?
g. Peter himself built that big house.
h. Ann has seen you walking in the park.
i. Mary was translating the letter into French.
j. You must read the instructions carefully.

34
 LES ARTICLES

1. Les formes de l’article :

Articles indéfinis :

A (un/une) devant une consonne

An (un/une) devant une voyelle

Articles définis :

L’article défini le / la / les se traduit souvent par « the ».

On peut prononcer le e de the un peu comme un « i » français lorsque le mot qui suit
commence phonétiquement par une voyelle, comme pour « the owl », ou lorsqu’il est
accentué :

He is definitely the (zi) man for the job = voilà vraiment l’homme qu’il faut pour ce travail.

Article 0 :

On utilise l’article 0 avec :

• Un dénombrable pluriel.
- Sens général.
I love roses
- Un certain nombre.
I’ve bought roses.

• Un indénombrable.
- Sens général.
I hate tea.
- Une certaine quantité.
I’d like tea and bread.

2. La position de l’article :
L’article précède le nom et tout adjectif (avec ou sans adverbe) placé devant un nom :

A smart hat / the smart hat = un chapeau élégant / le chapeau élégant

Cependant, « all » et « both » précèdent l’article défini :

They had all the fun = ce sont eux qui se sont bien amusé
Both the men (= both men) were guilty = les deux hommes étaient tous les deux
coupables.
35
Et les adverbes « quite » et « rather » précèdent normalement l’article :
It was quite/rather a good play = c’était une assez bonne pièce
It was quite the best play I have seen = c’était vraiment la meilleure pièce que j’aie
jamais vue

Cependant, « quite » et « rather » se placent parfois après l’article indéfini comme dans :

That was a rather unfortunate remark to make = c’était une remarque plutôt
regrettable
That would be a quite useless task = ce serait une tâche tout à fait inutile

Les adverbes « too », « so » et « as » précèdent l’adjectif et l’article indéfini. On a donc la

construction : Too/so/as + adjectif + article + nom :

If that is not too great a favour to ask = si ce n’est pas trop vous demander

Never have I seen so boring a film = je n’ai jamais vu un film aussi ennuyeux

I have never seen as fine an actor as Oliver = Je n’ai jamais vu un acteur aussi bon
qu’Olivier / je n’ai jamais vu d’acteur aussi bon qu’Olivier.

On peut aussi trouver « many a » (plus d’un), « such a » (un tel) et « what a »
(quel /quelle !) :

many a man would do the same = plus d’un homme ferait la même chose
she is such a fool = elle est tellement idiote
what a joke ! = quelle blague !

Remarquez qu’avec « such », l’adjectif suit l’article indéfini, tandis qu’avec « so », il le

précède :

I have never seen such a beautiful painting = je n’ai jamais vu une peinture aussi
belle
I have never seen so beautiful a painting = je n’ai jamais vu une peinture aussi belle

« Half » (la moitié de) aussi précède habituellement l’article :

Half the world knows about this = la moitié du monde est au courant (le sait)
I will be back in half an hour (volonté de l’auteur). pour supprimer la notion de
volonté avec « will » construire ainsi la phrase = I will be going back in half an hour

Mais si « half » et le nom forment un nom composé, l’article se place en premier :

Why don’t you buy just a half bottle of rum ? = pourquoi n’achètes-tu pas juste une
demi-bouteille de rhum ? c’est-à-dire une petite bouteille de rhum. Comparez à :
he drank half a bottle of rum = il a bu la moitié d’une bouteille de rhum.

36
3. Quelques exemples à retenir
1/ TV/HIFI/VIDEO :

To listen to the radio MAIS to watch T.V.

2/ AUTORITES :

To talk about the President of the USA, the Queen of England

Mais President Clinton et Queen Elizabeth.

3/ REPAS et JOURS DE LA SEMAINE :

Pas d’article (sauf si déterminé).

To have lunch, dinner…/ On Monday…

4/ JEUX ET SPORTS :
Pas d’article.

To play football, tennis, chess MAIS article devant les instruments de musique : to
play the guitar, the piano…

5/ LANGUES ET NOMS DE PAYS SINGULIERS :

Sans article
I love French, English…/ I love France, Ireland…

MAIS les habitants, prennent article défini :

I love the French, the Irish… : J’aime les Français, les Irlandais…

MAIS noms de pays pluriels ou comportant un nom commun prennent un article défini :
The United States, The Netherlands, The Soviet Union, ...

6/ PROFESSIONS :
Article indéfini

He is a doctor : Il est médecin.

7/ APRES LES PREPOSITIONS AS / WITHOUT :

Article indéfini

To be without a car : être sans voiture.

8/ APRES LES PREPOSITIONS AT / BY :

Pas d’article.

At midnight, dawn, dusk…// By car, boat, radio, night…

37
9/ APRES LES EXCLAMATIONS INTRODUITES PAR WHAT / SUCH :
Article indéfini

What a beautiful horse !

10/ EXPRESSIONS DE TEMPS :

Article indéfini

Once a day : Une fois par jour.

11/ EXPRESSIONS PRENANT L’ARTICLE DEFINI :

To have a cold : avoir un rhume// to have a fever : avoir de la fièvre// to have a temperature :
avoir de la température// to have a headache : avoir mal à la tête.

12/ MALADIES :

Pas d’article sauf parfois the flu (la grippe).

13/ COURS D’EAU ET CHAINES DE MONTAGNES :

Avec article défini.
The Thames, the Hudson, the Himalayas, The Alps.

14/ SOMMETS :
Sans article.
Ben Nevis, Kilimandjaro , Mount Everest…

15/ LACS/ILES :
Ne prennent l’article défini que si définis (suivis de OF) ou s’ils sont au pluriel.
Lake Michigan, Easter Island, The Great Lakes, The Isle of Wight.

16/ NOMS DE MERS :

Prennent l’article défini.

The Mediterranean Sea, The Atlantic Ocean, The Arctic Ocean….

38
 EXERCICES

1. Put in A /AN or THE

a. This morning I bought ____ newspaper and ____ magazine. ____ newspaper is in my bag
but I don’t know where I put ___ magazine.
b. I saw ___ accident this morning. ___ car crashed into __ tree. ___ driver of ___ car
wasn’t hurt but _____ was badly damaged.
c. There are two cars parked outside : ____ blue one and ____ grey one.
d. My friends live in ____ old house in ____ small village. There is ____ beautiful garden
behind ____ house. I would like to have __ garden like that.

2. Put an article where necessary

a. Would you like apple ?

b. How often do you go to dentist ?
c. Could you close door, please ?
d. I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to do that. It was mistake.
e. Excuse me, where is bus station , please ?
f. I’ve got problem. Can you help me ?
g. I’m just going to post office. I won’t be long.
h. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on floor.
i. Have you finished book I lent you ?
j. My sister has just got job in bookshop in Manchester.
k. We live in small flat near city centre.
l. There’s small supermarket at end of street I live in.

3. Put the right article

a. - Where did you have ___ lunch ? - We went to __ restaurant.

b. - Did you have ___ nice holiday ? – Yes, it was __ best holiday I’ve ever had.
c. – Where’s __ nearest shop ? – There’s one at __ end of this street.
d. – Do you often listen top __ radio ? – No. In fact I haven’t got ___ radio.
e. – Would you like to travel in __ space ? – Yes, I’d love to go to __ moon.
f. – Do you go to ___ cinema often ? – No, but I watch a lot of films on __ TV.
g. – It was __ nice day yesterday, wasn’t it ? – Yes, it was. We went for a walk by __ sea.
h. – What did you have for ___ breakfast ? – Nothing. I never eat ___ breakfast.
i. - Can you tell me where ___ room 23 is, please ? – It’s on __ second floor.
j. – We spent all our money because we stayed at __ most expensive hotel in town.
- Why didn’t you stay at ___ cheaper hotel ?

39
4. Put the right article

1. I haven’t been to ____ cinema for ages.

2. I lay down on ___ ground and looked up at ____ sky.
3. Margaret spends most of her free time watching __ TV.
4. ___ television was on but nobody was watching it.
5. Have you had ____ dinner yet ?
6. Emma and I arrived at ____ same time.
7. You’ll find ____ information you need at ___ top of ___ page 7.
8. Peru is ___ country in South America. ___ capital is Lima.

40
 LES QUANTIFIEURS

1. SOME/ANY

PHRASES AFFIRMATIVES => SOME

I'd like some coffee.

PHRASES AFFIRMATIVES A SENS NEGATIF (avec hardly, never, without) => ANY.
I hardly know any people here.
He tried to make a cake without using any eggs.

PHRASES INTERROGATIVES => ANY.

Have you got any stamps?

PHRASES INTERROGATIVES A SENS AFFIRMATIF (proposition) => SOME

Would you like some more meat?

PHRASES NEGATIVES => NOT ANY

I haven't got any money.

On peut employer NO, mais celui-ci est plus emphatique.

I have no money.

SOME et ANY peuvent s'employer comme pronom.

Have you got some? There aren't any.

2. A FEW, A LITTLE / FEW,LITTLE

A FEW, FEW + dénombrable
A LITTLE, LITTLE + indénombrable

A FEW = quelques A LITTLE = un peu de

A few minutes later. A little later.

FEW = peu de (pluriel) LITTLE = peu de (singulier)

Few people understood. The Queen has little power.

41
3. MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF
MUCH + singulier
MANY + pluriel
I haven't got much time.
Have you got many records.

Lorsqu' un singulier est sous-entendu :MUCH

Have you got any money? Not much.

Lorsqu'un pluriel est sous-entendu : MANY

Have you been to a lot of countries? Not many.

MUCH et MANY surtout dans des phrases interrogatives et négatives.

Dans les phrases affirmatives, on trouve plutôt A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF.
I know a lot of Italians
Sauf après too, as, so, et very.
He drank a lot.
He drank too much

4. EACH / EVERY
EVERY : chaque
EACH : chaque (moins général, chacun séparément/dans un tout)
Every workman stood up when the Queen walked in.
She gave a signed photo to each workman.

SOME, EVERY, ANY, NO peuvent se combiner à –BODY, -ONE, -THING, -WHERE.

Les dérivés ainsi formés suivent les mêmes règles.

42
 EXERCICES

1 Complete the sentences with some or any

He didn’t buy ...... flowers.

This evening I’m going out with ...... friends of mine.
« Have you seen ...... good films recently ? » « No , I haven’t been to the cinema for ages. »
I didn’t have ...... money, so I had to borrow......
Can I have ...... milk in my coffee, please ?
I was too tired to do ...... work
You can cash this traveller’s cheques at ...... bank.
Can you give me ....... information about places of interest in the town ?
With the special tourist train ticket, you can travel on ...... train you like.
If there are ...... words you don’t understand, use a dictionary.

2 Complete the sentences with some- or any- + -body/-thing/-where.

1. I was too surprised to say ......

2. There’s ...... at the door. Can you go and see who it is ?
3. Does ...... mind if I open the window ?
4. I wasn’t feeling hungry, so I didn’t eat ......
5. You must be hungry. Would you like ...... to eat ?
6. Quick, let’s go ! There’s ...... coming and I don’t want ...... to see us.
7. Sally was upset about ...... and refused to talk to ......
8. This machine is very easy to use. ........ can learn to use it in a very short time.
9. There was hardly ...... on the beach. It was almost deserted.
10. Do you live ...... near Jim ? No, he lives in another part of the town.
11. We slept in a park because we didn’t have ...... to stay.
12. Where shall we go on holiday ? Let’s go ...... warm and sunny.
13. They stay at home all the time. They never seem to go ......
14. I’m going out now. If ...... phones while I’m out, can you tell them I’ll be back at 11.30 ?
15. Why are you looking under the bed ? Have you lost ...... ?
16. ...... who saw the accident should contact the police.
17. Sue is very secretive. She never tells ....... .......

3 Fill the blanks with : much, many, few or little.

1. He isn’t very popular. He has ...... friends.

2. Ann is very busy these days. She has ...... free time.
3. Did you take ...... photographs when you were on holiday ?
4. I’m not very busy today. I haven’t got ....... to do.
5. The museum was very crowded. There were too ...... people.
6. Most of the town is modern. There are ...... old buildings.
7. The weather has been very dry recently. We’ve had ...... rain.

43
 COMPARATIFS ET SUPERLATIFS

1. COMPARATIF DE SUPERIORITE
ADJECTIFS COURTS :
ADJECTIF+ER
John is taller than William
Kate is thinner than Nelly

Les adjectifs courts comportent 1 syllabe.

EXCEPTIONS : les adjectifs de deux syllabes sont courts s’ils sont terminés par un y précédé
d’une consonne ou par – er (clever), -le (gentle, noble).
Quelques adjectifs d’une syllabe sont considérés comme longs : dead, glad, real, cross, apt,
frank, drunk, tired, pleased (et autres participes passés).

ADJECTIFS LONGS :
MORE+ADJECTIF(+THAN)
John is more intelligent than William.
William is stupid, John is more intelligent.

2. COMPARATIF D’INFERIORITE
ADJECTIFS COURTS :
NOT AS+ADJECTIF+AS
James is not as tall as Sam.

ADJECTIFS LONGS :
LESS+ADJECTIF+THAN
Max is less intelligent than Peter.

3. COMPARATIF D’EGALITE
AS+ADJECTIF+AS
This cake is as sweet as the other one.

44
 SUPERLATIFS

1. SUPERLATIFS
ADJECTIFS COURTS :
THE ADJECTIF + EST
He’s the tallest.

Mêmes exceptions que pour le comparatif de supériorité :

He’s the funniest guy I’ve ever met.

ADJECTIFS LONGS :
THE MOST + ADJECTIF = le plus ...
This is the most expensive TV set I have ever seen !

THE LEAST + ADJECTIF = le moins

This is the least beautiful boat I’ve ever seen !

La formation du comparatif et du superlatif pour les adverbes est la même que pour les
adjectifs sauf pour les adverbes terminés en – ly, on utilise toujours MORE et THE MOST.
Exception : early => earlier

2. COMPARATIFS ET SUPERLATIFS IRREGULIERS

Good / well ==> better ==> the best
Bad ==> worse ==> the worst
Far ==> further / farther ==> the furthest/the farthest
Old ==> older / elder ==> the oldest/the eldest

Further / farther : distance

Further : supplémentaire, avancé.
Elder : aîné de deux personnes(frères et sœurs).
Eldest : l’aîné de plusieurs (frères et sœurs).

45
 EXERCICES

1. Mettre les adjectifs au comparatif de supériorité

a. I think the book is (interesting) the film.

b. Their house is (big) mine.
c. Peter has always been (good at maths) anyone.
d. He said that cats were (intelligent) dogs.
e. The weather can’t be (bad) it is today !
f. Mr Simpson is much (old) his wife.
g. Her dress is (expensive) Ann’s.
h. He has always told us that health was (important) money.

2. Mettre au comparatif de supériorité (>), d’infériorité ou d’inégalité (<) ou d’égalité

(=)

a. Peter says that geography is ( > hard) history.

b. Our car is ( < comfortable) Mr Brown’s.
c. I think that things are ( < good) they used to be.
d. That bus is ( = late ) usual !
e. Is it true that boys are ( > sensitive) girls ?
f. Your suitcase is ( < heavy) I thought it was.
g. This food is ( < good) I expected.
h. I think that John is ( = clever) his elder brother.

3. Mettre au superlatif de supériorité

a. This school is (big) building in our street.

b. The (tall) girl in our school is a basketball player.
c. Oxford is (old) university in Britain.
d. He thinks that (elegant) dresses are Dior’s.
e. For him, being in good health is (important) thing.
f. And now, here is (late) news.
g. I think Sharon is (pretty) girl in town.
h. That is probably (good) novel I have ever read.

4. Transformer comme dans l’exemple ci-dessous

ex : He’s walking faster every minute = He’s walking faster and faster.

a. Your English is getting better every day.

b. I think my job is getting more interesting.
c. Cars are becoming more comfortable these days.
d. Don’t you think we are going slower ?
e. For him, money is getting more important.
f. He’s getting up earlier every morning.
g. Our house is getting older.
h. She opened her eyes wider every minute.

46
 CORRECTION
DES EXERCICES

47
LE PRESENT 6/ B
7/ C
Exercice 1 : 8/ C

1/ Our maths teacher gives us....

2/ Jim plays... Exercice 36 :
3/ My cousin does not go....
4/ Patricia has.... 1/ is putting on / is going
5/ Does Harry change trains at Leeds ? 2/ go / work
6/ Mr Grey doesn’t want me to arrive.... 3/ what is Mary doing ? / is having
7/ Mr Smith washes his car... 4/ doesn’t like / prefers
8/ My father agrees....... 5/ writes
9/ She never tries..... 6/ are studying
10/ Does she always carry an umbrella ? 7/ what is he doing / think / is washing
8/ Is doing.
Exercice 2 :
Exercice 37 :
1/ Have you gone mad ? You haven’t gone mad.
2/ Do you know David’s sister ? You don’t know 1/ b
David’s sister. 2/ b
3/ Does Sebastian drive a red sports car ? Sebastian 3/ c
doesn’t drive a red sports car. 4/ b
4/ Does Jodie Foster speak French ? Jodie Foster 5/ a
doesn’t speak French. 6/ a
5/ Do Mr and Mrs Healey often go away to 7/ c
Brighton for a week in the spring ? 8/ a
Mr and Mrs Healey don’t always go away to
Brighton .....
6/ Do you watch that programme on BBC1 on LE PASSE
Monday evenings ? I don’t watch .......
7/ Is Joshua at Jason’s house ? Joshua isn’t at Exercice 43 :
Jason’s house.
8/ Can you phone me tonight ? I can’t phone you 1. met / was going
tonight. 2. called / told / was painting
9/ Does Giles go riding at week-ends ?Giles doesn’t 3. was coming / stopped
go riding...... 4. was digging / began
10/ Does Jennifer phone you at about 7.30 in the 5. left / were working
evening ? Jennifer does phone me ...... 6. was sleeping / woke
7. were you doing / rang
Exercice 3 : 8. was shining / got up
9. was trying / remembered
1/ take / is getting a lift
2/ like / I’m not watching Exercice 132 :
3/ Don’t know / is doing
4/ Love / I’m eating The house was very big. When we rang the bell, the
5/ Smoke landlady was planting flowers. She was a beautiful
6/ Occupies lady. We talked to her. She told us that she couldn’t
7/ Is signing / sings stand the birds that were singing in the garden any
8/ Deals with / is discussing more. She added that when her husband would
9/ I’m trying retire they would travel a lot. We were impressed
10/ You don’t look / feel by this charming lady who was talking with a
foreign accent. She knew many things and we
Exercice 4 : listened to her very carefully. Near the end of our
conversation, we learnt that she was going to
1/ B London the next day, but we knew that she would
2/ C be back as soon as her children needed her because
3/ A she was she was a loving mother as well.
4/ A
5/ C

48
Exercice 133 : Exercice 51 :

went – bought – needed – was shining – were 1. have just bought

singing – arrived – were sitting – (were) looking – 2. have never been
was going on – saw – said – was – was giving – 3. went
made – decided – said – found – amused – gave – 4. started
was – thanked 5. left – got
6. hasn’t finished
Exercice 44 : 7. have lived
8. have waited
1. hasn’t paid 9. broke
2. have bought 10. arrived
3. hasn’t finished
4. has John cut
5. has stolen
6. ‘ve repaired
7. have you seen
8. haven’t heard

Exercice 111 :

took – heard – did – didn’t have – was – did it cost

– did you see – did the butcher say – told – started

Exercice 112 :

ran – did it happen – was – didn’t feel – were you

parked –wanted – paid – broke – put – didn’t visit

Exercice 113 :

1. have you seen

2. got – was – went
3. have you washed
4. wasn’t
5. worked
6. has lived
7. did you go – was – was
8. died – met
9. ‘ve never met
10. ‘s gone out – did he go –
11. have you lived – did you live – did you live

Exercice 114 :

1. It hasn’t rained this week.

2. The weather has been cold recently.
3. It was cold last week.
4. I didn’t read a newspaper yesterday.
5. I haven’t read a newspaper today.
6. Ann hasn’t earned a lot of money this year.
7. She didn’t earn so much last year.
8. Have you had a holiday recently ?

49
Exercice 50 : 15. he may / might / could have taken

1. b Exercice 1 :
2. a
3. b 1. he wouldn’t
4. c 2. can you
5. b 3. would you
6. a 4. I won’t be able to – may
7. c 5. you mustn’t – will
8. b 6. he won’t
9. c 7. it might
10. b 8. I can’t – can you

Exercice 47 :

1. He hasn’t read a newspaper since last week.

2. We haven’t received a letter from them since
June 6th.
3. John hasn’t come here since the beginning of the
month.
4. Bob hasn’t caught a fish since we arrived.
5. They haven’t visited London since 1982.
6. I haven’t ridden a bike since I was a boy.
7. She hasn’t had lunch at a restaurant since March.
8. We haven’t drunk a beer since the beginning of
the week.

Exercice 49 :

1. John has been sleeping since 10 o’clock.

2. I have been waiting for 3 hours.
3. He’s been working for us since 1980.
4. We’ve been living in Bristol for 5 years.
5. She’s been fishing for an hour.
6. They’ve been playing chess since 4 p.m.
7. The sun has been shining for a fortnight.
8. Bill has been reading that book since the
beginning of the afternoon.

LES MODAUX

Exercice O :

1. the car may / could have been sold

2. if he could write
3. you can’t have heard
4. you could have done
5. where could I find
6. you have to fill
7. I must come
8. she can’t have left
9. I could see
10. people must have been looking
11. you might / may not even
12. I should book a seat
13. you could have given me a hand
14. you needn’t make out a receipt
50
Exercice 2 : 8. will

1. might Exercice 2 :
2. must / will
3. might 1. will - will
4. might – may 2. shall
5. may 3. will / shall
6. must – can’t 4. will
7. must - should 5. will
8. can’t 6. shall
9. will – can’t – should 7. will
8. will
Exercice 3 :
Exercice 3 :
1. mustn’t – will
2. must – will 1. are you doing
3. can – must – should 2. is going to rain
4. shouldn’t – must – might 3. am going to make
5. can – won’t – might 4. is coming
6. must – could – couldn’t 5. am going to try
7. will – should 6. are leaving
8. can – can’t – will 7. am going to see
9. can’t – should 8. are not going to open
10. may – could 9. are you seeing
11. will – mustn’t – won’t
12. would – can’t – have to Exercice 4 :

Translation : 1. will leave

2. won’t disobey
1. I knew he would come. 3. shall listen
2. She thought I wouldn’t understand. 4. I’m having
3. If I had the time I would go with you. 5. I’m taking
4. What would I do if you weren’t here ? 6. will you phone – I’ll tell
5. You should fasten your safety belt when you 7. I’m recording
drive. 8. are you going to take
6. Could you pass me the salt, please ? 9. will you wear
7. Pat looks tired, he should go to bed. 10. is leaving
8. It might rain on Sunday, I don’t know if we’ll be
able to eat outside. LES ARTICLES
9. They needn’t spend a lot of money – it isn’t
expensive in Ireland. Exercice 71.1 :
10. In France you have to pass the A-level if you
want to go to college. 1. a – a – the – the
11. Caroline has had to wear glasses for two years. 2. an – a - a – the – the - the
12. Congratulations for your promotion ! You must 3. a – a – the – the - the
be very happy. 4. an – a – a – the – a

Exercice 71.3 :

FUTUR 1. an apple
2. the dentist
3. the door
Exercice 1 : 4. a mistake
5. the bus station
1. it’s going to 6. a problem
2. will 7. the post office
3. will 8. the floor
4. I’m going 9. the book
5. is going to - will 10. a job – a bank
6. will 11. a small flat – the city centre
7. is going to 12. a small supermarket – the end of the street
51
Exercice 72.1 Exercice 3 :

1. 0 - a 1. few
2. a – the 2. little
3. the – the 3. many
4. the – a 4. much
5. the – the 5. many
6. the – 0 6. few
7. a – the 7. little
8. 0 – 0
9. 0 – the
10. the – a
COMPARATIF & SUPERLATIF
Exercice 72.2
Exercice 82 :
1. the
2. the – the 1. more interesting than the film
3. 0 2. bigger than
4. the 3. better at maths than
5. 0 4. more intelligent than
6. the 5. worse than
7. the – the – 0 6. older than
8. a – the 7. more expensive than
8. more important than

LES QUANTIFIEURS Exercice 83 :

Exercice 1 1. harder than

2. less comfortable than
1. any 3. not as good as
2. some 4. as late as
3. any 5. more sensitive than
4. any – some 6. not as heavy as
5. some 7. not as good as
6. any 8. as clever as
7. any
8. some Exercice 84
9. any
10. any 1. the biggest
2. the tallest
Exercice 2 : 3. the oldest
4. the most elegant
1. anything 5. the most important
2. somebody 6. the latest
3. anybody 7. the prettiest
4. anything 8. the best
5. something
6. somebody - anybody Exercice 85 :
7. something – anybody
8. anybody 1. better and better
9. anybody 2. more and more interesting
10. somewhere 3. more and more comfortable
11. anywhere 4. slower and slower
12. somewhere 5. more and more important
13. anywhere 6. earlier and earlier
14. anybody 7. older and older
15. something 8. wider and wider
16. anybody
17. anybody anything

52
LEXIQUE

53
Abattre kill, shoot down
Abroger repeal
Abstenir (s’) refrain from, abstain from
Abus de confiance breach of trust
Accablant overwhelming (témoignage), exhausting (travail)
Accident accident, crash
Accoutumance tolerance, addiction
Accrochage collision, engagement, clash, brush
Accusation accusation, charge, prosecution, indictment
Accusé accused, defendant
Accuser à faux accuse falsely
Acheter buy, purchase
Acolyte associate
Acoquiner (s’) team up, get together
Acquitter discharge
Acte d’accusation bill of indictment
Action (justice) legal action
Actionner (justice) bring an action against
Adjoint deputy
Administration administration
Affaire de police case
Agent de police constable (GB), policeman
Agresser assault
Alibi alibi
Aliéné lunatic, insane
Amende fine
Amnistie amnesty, law of amnesty
Appel, faire appel appeal
Appréhender arrest
Argot slang
Arme arm, weapon
Armée army
Arrêter arrest
Arrêt (justice) judgment, decision
Arrêt par défaut judgment by default
Arrondissement district
Artificier bomb expert
Assassin murderer
Assermenté sworn, officially designated
Assesseur assessor
Assises court of assizes, crown court (GB)
Attentat bomb attack
Attroupement crowd, gathering
Audience hearing, session
Autopsie post mortem examination
Autorité authority
Autorité (agents) police force
Aveu confession, acknowledgement
Aveux complets full confession
Avocat lawyer, barrister (US), attorney, counsel

54
Avocat général assistant public prosecutor
Avoué solicitor

Bagarre fighting, fight, scuffle, brawl

Bagnard convict
Bâillonner gag
Balistique ballistic
Balle bullet
Banditisme organized crime
Banqueroute bankruptcy
Barillet cylinder
Barrage routier road block
Barre (des témoins) witness box
Barre (paraître à la) appear as a witness
Barreau bar, legal profession
Bâtonnier president of the barristers
Bigame bigamist
Bordel brothel, whorehouse
Bourreau executioner
Bout portant (à) point-blank
Brigade squad, unit, team, station (Gend)
Brigadier (police) sergeant
Butin spoil, loot
Bureau office, desk (meuble)

Cellule prison cell

Co-accusé co-defendant
Co-auteur co-author, join author, associate
Code pénal penal code, criminal code
Code de procédure pénale code of criminal procedure
Commissaire superintendent
Commissariat police station
Commission rogatoire rogatory commission
Comparution appearance
Compétence jurisdiction, powers
Complice accomplice
Complot conspiracy, plot
Compte courant current account
Condamnation sentence
Condamner sentence
Conforme (copie) certified true (copy)
Constater report, notice
Constatation crime scene report, findings
Contraindre compel, constrain
Contrainte constraint
Contrainte par corps imprisonment for debt
Contravention infringement fine, ticket
Contrefaire forge, counterfeit
Contrevenant offender

55
Corrompre corrupt
Coup d’état coup
Coupable guilty
Cour court
Cour d’appel court of appeal
Cour de cassation supreme court of appeal, final court of appeal
Cour d’assises court of assizes
Cour martiale martial court
Coutume custom, common law
Crime crime
Criminel criminal

Dactyloscopie dactyloscopy
Débiteur debitor
Débouter dismiss, reject
Décapiter behead
Décéder die
Décerner un mandat issue a warrant
Décharge (témoin à) witness for the defence
Déclaration statement
Décliner refuse, decline, plea
Décret decree, executive order, writ
Dédommagement compensation
Dédommager compensate
Dédouaner clear
Défaillance default, non appearance
Défaut (faire) abscond, fail to appear
Défaut (par) in absentia
Défense defence
Défense d’autrui self defence of another
Déférer à un tribunal commit for trial
Déférer devant un juge bring in front of a magistrate
Dégainer pull out
Dégâts damages
Dégradation defacement
Dégrisement sobering up
Délai delay
Délateur informer
Délation denunciation
Délinquant offender
Délit crime, offence
Délit (corps du) corpus delicti
Demander request, ask
Demeure residence
Déni denial, refusal
Dénoncer report, inform
Dépens costs, expenses
Déposer une plainte report a crime, file a complaint
Déposer en justice give evidence, testify, report

56
Déposer make a statement
Déposition crime report, statement, testimony
Député member of parliament / MP (GB), representative /
member of the Congress (US)
Désarmer disarm
Désavouer deny, distract
Descente police raid
Désistement withdrawal
Dessaisir remove a case from a court
Dessaisissement committal proceedings
Destituer discharge, remove from office, dismiss
Détective privé private detective
Détenir keep in detention
Détente (arme) trigger
Détention préventive detention under remand
Détourner des fonds embezzle
Détourner un mineur abduct a juvenile
Détrousser rob
Dévaliser rifle, burgle
Diffamer slander, libel
Disculper clear someone of a crime
Dommage damage
Don gift
Dossier file
Douane customs
Douane (droits de) customs duties
Douille cartridge case
Dresser un PV report, draw up a report
Drogue drug
Drogué drug addict
Droit law
Droit commercial commercial law
Droit coutumier common law
Droit fiscal taxation law
Droit pénal criminal law
Droit civil civil law
Duper fool, swindle, dupe
Dupé (être) be taken in

Ebriété drunkenness
Echelon grade
Eclater burst, explode
Ecoute telephone tapping
Ecrou committal to jail
Edit edict
Effectif manpower
Effraction break-in
Elucider clear up, solve
Emanciper emancipate

57
Emeute riot
Emigré emigrant
Empoisonner poison
Empreinte digitale finger print
Emprisonner imprison, put into jail
Endommager damage
Enfreindre infringe, break the law
Enivrer (s’) get drunk
Enjeu stake
Enlèvement kidnapping
Enquête investigation, inquiry
Enquêter investigate
Enquêteur investigator (rôle), detective constable (grade)
Enrayer jam
Enregistrer register, record, tape
Entériner confirm, ratify
Entraîneuse hostess
Entraver interfere with the course of justice, impede
Epauler support
Escalader climb
Escorte escort
Escroc swindler, crook
Escroquerie swindle, fraud
Espionner spy
Ester (en justice) go to court
Etrangler strangle, throttle
Evader (s’) escape
Excuse excuse, apology
Exécutoire enforceable, operative
Exiler banish, exile
Expertiser analyse, give an expert opinion
Expier pay the penalty for
Exploit feat
Explosif explosive
Expulser evict a tenant, deport an illegal entrant
Extorquer extort
Extrait certificate, statement, extract
Extrader, extradition extradite, extradition

Faction (être en) be on guard, on stationary duty

Factionnaire sentry, guard
Faillite bankruptcy
Falsifier alter, forge
Faussaire forger
Faute misbehaviour, delinquency, offence
Faux monnayeur coiner, counterfeiter
Faux en écriture forgery
Fichier record
Filature surveillance, shadowing
Fisc income tax department

58
Flagrant (délit) in the act, red-handed
Flic cop
Folie madness, lunacy
Fomenter le désordre promote disorder, stir up
Fonctions duties
Fonds monies, funds
Forçat convict
Force strength, force
Forcer force, compel
Forclore debar
Forfaiture felony
Formalité formality
Forme (vice de) flaw
Fouille à corps body search
Fourgon police van
Fourrière car pound, impound
Fracturer break
Frais de procès costs, expenses
Frauder fraud, evade taxation, cheat, smuggle
Frauduleux fraudulent
Fretin (menu) small fry
Frimer show off
Frontière border, frontier, boundary
Fugitive fugitive, runaway, escapee
Fuguer run away from home
Fuite flight, escape
Fuite (délit de) failure to report an accident, hit and run
Fusil rifle, gun
Fusil à canon scié sawn off shotgun
Fusillade shooting

Gâchette trigger
Gager guarantee
Galon stripe
Garde watchman, sentry, guard
Garde du corps bodyguard
Garde des Sceaux Lord Chancellor
Garde à vous! attention!
Garde à vue police detention, custody
Gardien de la paix police constable, patrolman, policeman
Gardien de la circulation traffic patrol officer
Gardien de prison guard, warder
Garrot garrot
Gendarme Gendarme
Goupille safety pin
Gouvernement government
Gouverneur governor
Grâce free pardon, mercy
Grade rank

59
Graphologue graphologist
Grappillage petty theft
Greffe record office of court
Greffier secretary of the court
Grenade grenade
Grivèlerie ordering food or drinks in a restaurant and being
unable to pay for it
Grosse (jugement) first authentic copy
Guerre war
Guet (faire le) be on the watch
Guet-apens ambush, trap
Guichet counter, box-office
Gyrophare red light, blue light, rotating lamp

Habilitation enabling of someone to do something,

capacitation
Haschich hashish
Halte! stop!, freeze!
Héritage inheritance, legacy
Hériter inherit
Hiérarchie hierarchy, line of command
Hold-up hold-up, armed robbery
Homicide manslaughter
Homme d’état statesman
Horodateur time clock
Hors la loi outlaw
Hôtel de passe hotel used as a call-house
Huis clos in camera
Huis clos (demander le) ask that a case be tried in camera,
(ordonner) order proceedings to be held in camera
Huissier de préfecture usher
Huissier (justice) sworn in solicitor, bailiff
Hypothèque mortgage, bond

Identifier identify
Identité identity
Identité (carte d’) identity card (I.D)
Illégalité unlawfulness, illegality
Illégitime unlawful, illegitimate
Illicite illicit, illegal
Immatriculation registration
Immunité immunity, privilege
Impact impact, touch down
Imprimé form
Impunité impunity
Imputer ascribe, put down to someone, impute
Inapte au service unfit, inapt
Incarcérer imprison, send to jail
Inculper charge, indict

60
Indemnité compensation
Indemnité (frais) allowance
Indicateur informer, informant, “copper’s nark”, stool
pigeon
Indice clue
Indulgence indulgence, leniency
Infamant penalty involving lost of civil rights
Infanticide infanticide
Infliger impose, inflict
Infliger une amende inflict a penalty to someone
Information a piece of intelligence, (jurid) preliminary
investigation by an examining magistrate, (TV)
news
Informe (acte) not complying with the requirements of the law
Infraction infringement, offence
Injecter inject
Injonction order of the court
Injure offensive language, insult
Innocent innocent, not guilty, blameless
Inscription en faux plea (of forgery)
Insolvable insolvent
Insoumis absentee (conscript), unregistered
Inspecteur detective inspector
Instance (introduire une) institute proceedings
Instance (tribunal d’) county tribunal
Instance (être en) still pending, still under discussion
Institution institution
Instruction judicial inquiry, preliminary investigation led by
an examination magistrate
Instruction (juge) examining magistrate
Instruction (charger un juge de l’) entrust a judge with
Interdire forbid, prohibit
Intérêts (dommages et) claim, damages
Interpeller stop and check someone
Interrogatoire questioning, (à la barre) examination of defendant
Investigations investigation, inquiry
Irrecevable inadmissible in court

Judiciaire judicial
Juge d’instruction examining magistrate
Juge de paix magistrate justice of the peace
Juge (renvoyer devant le) remand a case court
Jugement trial, judgement
Jugement (prononcer un) deliver a sentence
Jugement (passer en) be brought up for trial, stand one’s trial
Jugement en premier ressort with possibility of appeal
Jugement par défaut by default
Juger judge, pass sentence, try
Juré, jury juryman, juror (les jurés), jury

61
Juridiction jurisdiction
Jurisprudence case law, jurisprudence
Justice (rendre la) dispense justice, administer justice
Justice (aller en) go to law
Justice (palais de) law court

Képi kepi
Klaxonner horn, hoot
Kleptomanie kleptomania

Laboratoire laboratory
Lacrymogène (gaz) tear gas
Laissez-passer pass, permit
Lame (couteau) blade
Larcin petty theft, larceny
Larder stab, knife
Larron robber, thief
Laver d’une accusation clear someone from an accusation
Laver de l’argent launder, money laundering
Légaliser legalize
Légiférer legislate
Légiste (médecin) forensic pathologist
Légitime défense self-defence
Légitime défense d’autrui in defence of someone else
Légitime (propriétaire) legal owner
Léguer bequeath
Léser (jurid) encroach upon someone’s rights
Lever les scellés remove the seals
Liasse de billets wad of banknotes
Libérer un prisonnier set a prisoner free, discharge
Licence licence
Ligoter tie someone up, bind someone hand and foot
Litige case under dispute, dispute at law, lawsuit
Lividité cadavérique post-mortem lividity
Loi law, act of parliament

Magistrat magistrate
Main courante logbook
Maire mayor
Mairie town hall
Malfaiteur offender
Malhonnête deceitful, dishonest
Malveillance ill-will
Malversation embezzlement, malpractice
Mandat politique mandate
Mandat judiciaire warrant
Mandat d’amener order to offender (or witness) to appear in court

62
Mandat de comparution summons to appear, subpoena
Mandat d’arrêt warrant of arrest
Mandat de dépôt committal order
Mandat de perquisition search warrant
Mandater commission
Maquereau pimp
Margoulin petty speculator, dishonest businessman
Martiale (cour) court martial
Matraque truncheon, blackjack
Médecin militaire army medical officer
Menacer threaten
Menottes handcuffs
Menotter handcuff
Meurtre murder
Meurtrier murderer
Milice militia
Milieu (le) underworld
Mine mine
Minéralogique (plate) registration plate
Mineur (âge) juvenile
Ministère ministry
Ministère public department of the public prosecutor
Ministre Secretary of State
Mission mission
Mitrailler machine-gun
Mœurs (attentat aux) sexual assault
Morgue mortuary
Mouchard sneak, police informer, informant
Munitions ammunitions
Mutation transfer
Mutinerie mutiny

Narcotique drug (UK), narcotic (US)

Nier deny
Notifier notify
Noyade drowning
Noyauter infiltrate
Nullité invalidity

Objecteur de conscience conscientious objector

Objectif aim, objective
Obtempérer obey
Oeilleton (fusil) peep-hole
Office office, duty
Officier officer
Opiacés opiates
Opposition à un chèque stop payment of
Opposition à un jugement stay of execution, caveat

63
Ordonnance de juge judge’s order, judge’s ruling, enactment
Ordre order
Otage hostage
Outrage (agent) insulting behaviour, (magistrat) contempt
of court, (mœurs) public indecency
Paraître en justice appear in court
Pare-balles (gilet) bullet-proof vest
Parlement parliament (UK), congress (US)
Parloir parlour
Parquet public prosecutor’s staff, public prosecutor’s
department
Passible de liable to
Patrouille patrol
Pavot opium poppy
Pègre underworld
Peine sentence, penalty
Pénal penal, criminal
Pendaison hanging
Pénitencier penitentiary
Permanence (de) on duty
Permis de conduire driving license (UK), driver’s licence (US)
Perquisition house search
Pickpocket pickpocket
Piéton pedestrian, passer-by
Piller loot, sack
Piqûre shot
Pistolet gun
Pistolet mitrailleur sub-machine gun
Plaider plead
Plaidoirie pleading
Plaignant plaintiff, complainant
Plaindre (se) complain
Plainte crime report, complaint
Poignarder stab
Poison poison
Police police
Police secours first aid unit
Police judiciaire criminal investigation department (CID)
Pompier fireman
Port d’arme prohibé illegal carrying of a weapon
Poste de police police station
Postuler apply for
Potence gallows
Poudre powder
Poursuivre (jurid) charge, prosecute
Pourvoi en cassation appeal for review
Pourvoir (se) lodge an appeal
Préfecture de police police force headquarters
Préjudice losses
Prélèvement sampling

64
Préméditation premeditation
Prescription prescription
Présumé supposed
Prévenu accused of, charged with
Prison prison, jail
Procédure legal procedure
Procédure (acte de) legal proceeding
Procédure administrative administrative proceeding
Procès trial
Procès criminel criminal court trial
Procès-verbal police report
Procureur crown prosecutor
Prohiber prohibit, forbid
Projectile projectile
Prononcer un jugement sentence
Prostituée prostitute, whore
Prouver prove
Proxénétisme pimping, procuring
Prud’hommes (conseil des) conciliation board
Punir punish
Punissable punishable

Qualité qualification
Quartier-général headquarters

Racoler (just) solicit, accost

Rafale burst
Rafle (police) police raid
Rançon ransom
Rapport report
Rapt kidnapping
Recel receiving and concealing stolen goods
Receleur receiver, handler of stolen goods
Récidiver repeat an offence, to relapse into crime
Recruter recruit
Récuser un témoignage object to witness
Relaxer release
Rengainer put one’s revolver back
Repentir (se) remorse
Requérir (just) call for sentence
Résilier cancel
Ressort (d’un tribunal) scope, competence
Ressort (en dernier) without appeal
Rixe brawl

Saisie seizure
Saisie conservatoire seizure for security

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Saisir seize
Saisir un tribunal refer a matter to court
Sceau seal
Secret secret, secrecy
Secret (au) in solitary confinement
Sénat Senate
Sentence sentence
Séquestration illegal restraint
Seringue syringe
Serment oath, take an oath
Serment professionnel swearing in
Serrurier locksmith
Service (bureau) department, agency
Session de cour d’assises assizes
Siéger sit on the bench
Signalement description
Signifier notify, serve a notice upon
Solvable solvent
Sommation warning shot
Sommation à comparaître summons to appear
Sondage survey
Soudoyer bribe
Soupçon suspicion
Souteneur pimp
Stationnement parking
Stupéfiants drugs, narcotics
Substitut crown prosecutor
Suffrage vote
Suicide suicide
Suppléant surrogate
Sûreté safety, security
Sursis delay, stay of proceedings
Suspect suspect

Tapage nocturne disturbance, scandal

Témoignage testimony, evidence
Témoigner testify, bear witness
Témoin witness
Tentative attempt
Tir shooting
Torturer torture
Toxicomane drug addict
Traducteur translator
Traduire en justice sue, prosecute
Trafiquer deal, smuggle
Trancher une question settle
Traquer hunt down
Tremper dans be involved in
Tribunal court of justice

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Trottoir pavement, sidewalk (US)
Truand felon, crook, gangster
Tuer kill

Uniforme uniform
Urgence emergency
Urne ballot box
Usurier usurer

Vacances holidays
Vagabondage vagrancy
Valise case, suitcase
Vandalisme vandalism
Veilleur night watchman
Verbaliser (give a) fine
Verdict sentence
Vérification checking
Vérité truth
Vice vice
Victime victim
Vigile watchman
Viol rape
Violeur rapist
Visite médicale medical examination
Vol theft
Vol aggravé robbery
Vol à l’arraché mugging, handbag snatching
Vol à l’étalage shoplifting
Voleur robber, thief
Vote ballot
Voyeur peeping tom
Voyou hooligan
Vu et transmis examined and passed on

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ANNEXES

68
 ANNALES CMLE-G 1er Degré

Epreuve d’expression écrite

Sujet 1 :

Pour les besoins de cette épreuve, vous vous appelez Pierre LE BRUN.

Depuis 10 ans, à l’occasion de vos vacances estivales que vous passez en Angleterre, vous
vous êtes lié d’amitié avec Norton DIFFORD. Vous avez en commun le goût des motos, de
la voile, de la plongée sous-marine et des promenades en montagne. Grâce à lui, vous avez
élargi votre cercle dans le pays, et mieux compris la mentalité et la culture de ses habitants.
Cet été encore, vous avez passé trois semaines en sa compagnie, et vous avez souvent
rencontré sa famille et sa fiancée Kate. Tous deux ont évoqué leur projet de mariage.
Rentré en France, vous recevez deux mois après vos vacances un faire-part et une invitation
à leur mariage qui se déroulera le samedi 11 novembre 2000.
Malheureusement, vous ne pourrez pas vous y rendre, étant de service pour les cérémonies
de la commémoration de l’Armistice.

Tâche à accomplir :

En un minimum de 150 mots, rédigez la lettre que vous adressez à ses parents pour décliner
cette invitation. Vous mettrez bien sûr en évidence les liens d’amitiés et les goûts communs
qui vous unissent à cette personne.
__________________________________________________________________________

Sujet 2 :

Vous êtes propriétaire d’une résidence secondaire située au Royaume-Uni, à Durham, 12

Oakfield Crescent. Votre voisin, Bob Brown, vient de vous téléphoner pour vous annoncer
que la tempête a causé de nombreux dégâts à votre propriété. Le vent a arraché une partie
de la toiture, l’étage de votre pavillon a été partiellement inondé par les pluies torrentielles
qui ont suivies. Votre jardin a également souffert ; en effet, un arbre d’une propriété voisine
est tombé sur votre portail d’entrée.

Mission :

Rédigez la lettre que vous adresserez à la compagnie d’assurances Southwich Union, 58

Knightsbridge à Londres (GB) afin de lui signaler les dégâts. Vous lui demanderez
également les modalités de prise en charge des réparations et la procédure à suivre.
Les éléments manquants et nécessaires à la rédaction sont laissés à l’imagination des
candidats.
__________________________________________________________________________

Sujet 3 :

Just imagine : « ... And to conclude the 8 o’clock news, I say again the winning numbers of
the National Lottery : 6,11,25,32,41, and 43. Good Bye. »
You are lucky tonight, you have the six numbers on your play slip. There is an estimated
jackpot of £ 2.000.000.

What would you do with all that money ?

__________________________________________________________________________

69
 WRITING A LETTER PROPERLY

Don’t forget : KISS (Keep It Short and Simple)

Your name : on the top right

The reader’s name : on the left

The date : 8th September 20.., 8 September 20.., September 8th, 20.. (US)
(Le nom des mois prend toujours une majuscule en Anglais).

FORMAL INFORMAL
OPENING SALUTATION Dear Sirs Dear Mr Sweet
Dear Sir, Dear Madam Dear Mrs Sweet
Dear John

CLOSING SALUTATION Yours faithfully Yours sincerely

Cordially yours
With best/kind regards

BUSINESS LETTERS

Nous vous remercions de votre lettre du … : We thank you for your letter of...
En référence/en réponse/suite à… : With reference/ In reply/ Further to your letter of…
Suite à notre conversation… : Following our (telephone) conversation…
Nous avons le plaisir de vous informer que … : We are pleased/happy to inform you that…
Nous vous serions reconnaissant de … : We would be grateful if you could …

END OF THE LETTER :

Dans l’attente de vos nouvelles / de vous rencontrer… : I look forward to hearing from you /
to meeting you…
Par retour de courrier… : We would appreciate an answer / A reply by return of post…
Nous vous sommes extrêmement reconnaissants … : We are extremely grateful for…
Je vous adresse mes plus vifs remerciements… : My most sincere thanks for…
Je tiens à vous exprimer ma gratitude pour… : I wish to express our gratitude for…

USEFUL WORDS

Introduction : First, first of all, above all, in the first place, first and foremost, most of all...

Body of the essay : Nevertheless, however, on the contrary, despite, in spite of, although,
whereas, while, until, meanwhile, in the meantime, on condition that, except if, unless, then,
afterwards, indeed, moreover, obviously, thus, so, therefore, consequently, as a result of...

Conclusion : To sum up, eventually, lastly, in the end, finally, in a word, in brief, in short...

70
VERBES IRREGULIERS

BASE VERBALE PRETERIT PARTICIPE PASSE TRADUCTION

awake awoke awoken se réveiller

be was/were been être

bear bore borne supporter
beat beat beaten battre
become became become devenir
begin began begun commencer
bend bent bent courber, se pencher
bet bet bet parier
bite bit bitten mordre
blow blew blown souffler
break broke broken briser
breed bred bred élever (enfants, bétail)
bring brought brought apporter
build built built construire
burn burnt burnt brûler
burst burst burst éclater
buy bought bought acheter

cast cast cast jeter

catch caught caught attraper
choose chose chosen choisir
come came come venir
cost cost cost coûter
creep crept crept ramper
cut cut cut couper

deal dealt dealt distribuer, s’occuper

dig dug dug creuser
do did done faire
draw drew drawn dessiner
dream dreamt dreamt rêver
drink drank drunk boire
drive drove driven conduire

eat ate eaten manger

fall fell fallen tomber

feed fed fed nourrir
feel felt felt ressentir
fight fought fought combattre
find found found trouver
fly flew flown voler
forbid forbade forbidden interdire
forget forgot forgotten oublier
forgive forgave forgiven pardonner
freeze froze frozen geler

get got got obtenir, devenir

give gave given donner
71
go went gone aller
grow grew grown grandir

hang hung hung pendre

have had had avoir
hear heard heard entendre
hide hid hidden cacher
hold held held tenir
hurt hurt hurt blesser

keep kept kept garder

know knew known savoir

lay laid laid poser à plat

lead led led mener
lean leant leant s’appuyer
leap leapt leapt sauter
learn learnt learnt apprendre
leave left left quitter, partir
lend lent lent prêter
let let let laisser, permettre
lie lay lain être étendu
light lit lit allumer
lose lost lost perdre

make made made faire, fabriquer

mean meant meant signifier
meet met met rencontrer

pay paid paid payer

put put put mettre

read read read lire

ride rode ridden aller (à cheval...)
ring rang rung sonner
rise rose risen s’élever
run ran run courir

say said said dire

see saw seen voir
seek sought sought chercher
sell sold sold vendre
set set set fixer

shake shook shaken secouer

shine shone shone briller
shoot shot shot tirer, fusiller
show showed shown montrer
shut shut shut fermer
sing sang sung chanter
sink sank sunk couler
sit sat sat être assis
sleep slept slept dormir
smell smelt smelt sentir
speak spoke spoken parler
72
spell spelt spelt épeler
spend spent spent dépenser
spread spread spread étendre
spring sprang sprung jaillir, bondir
stand stood stood être debout
steal stole stolen voler
stick stuck stuck coller
strike struck struck frapper
swear swore sworn jurer
sweep swept swept balayer
swim swam swum nager
swing swung swung se balancer

take took taken prendre

teach taught taught enseigner
tear tore torn déchirer
tell told told dire, raconter
think thought thought penser
throw threw thrown jeter

understand understood understood comprendre

upset upset upset bouleverser

wake woke woken réveiller

wear wore worn porter
weep wept wept pleurer
win won won gagner
write wrote written écrire

73
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
GRAMMAIRE

Pratique de l’anglais de A à Z : Michael SWAN / Françoise HOUDART Ed. HATIER

La grammaire de l’étudiant : S. BERTANT / DELEPINE Ed. OPHRYS

English grammar in use : Raymond MURPHY Cambridge University Press

VOCABULAIRE

Le mot et l’idée : BOUSCAREN Ed. OPHRYS

DICTIONNAIRES

Monolingues : The Concise Oxford dictionary edited by R.E. Allen

Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary - Merriam WEBSTER

Bilingues : Le Robert et Collins : Harper Collins publishers

Harraps : Chambers Harraps publishers

PRESSE

The times

Newsweek

Vocable

Time (US)

CD-ROM

English + (différents niveaux proposés)

Assimil

TELEVISION

Sky News (GB)

CNN (US)

INTERNET

The Times : uk.www.the times.co.uk

Newsweek : www.newsweek.com.

74