Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
BERNE FRANCOPHONE
MIMTH-FO-1403
CORRIGÉS CHAPITRE 2.5.1 ET 2.5.2 | CP-MME
1/14
2. EQUATIONS
2.5. EQUATIONS À PLUSIEURS INCONNUES
Exercice 379
1) Pas linéaire
2) Pas linéaire
a b
3) Linéaire : −2= +a 12
3 4
4a − 24 = 3b + 12a −4a
8a + 3b = −24
4) Pas linéaire
u−3
5) Linéaire : = 5v − 3u + 1 2
2
u − 3 = 10v − 6u + 2 +6u − 10v + 3
7u − 10v = 5
6) Pas linéaire
7) Pas linéaire
8) Pas linéaire
9) Pas linéaire
Exercice 382
a) Par substitution :
3x + y = 73
(1)
2x − y = 32
( 2)
(1) → y = 73 − 3x (3)
(3) → ( 2) : 2x − ( 73 − 3x ) = 32 D
2x − 73 + 3x = 32 +73
1
5x = 105
5
x = 21
→ (3) : y = 73 − 3 21 = 73 − 63 = 10
S = ( 21; 10 )
2/14
Par addition :
3x + y = 73 (1)
2x − y = 32
( 2)
1
(1) + ( 2 ) : 5x = 105
5
x = 21
2(1)
3x + y = 73 (1) −3( 2 )
6x + 2y = 146
2x − y = 32
(2) −6x + 3y = −96 +
1
5y = 50
10
y=5
S = ( 21; 10 )
b) Par addition
3(1)
2a + 5b = 1 (1) −1( 2 )
6a + 15b = 3
6a + 7b = 3
( 2) −6a − 7b = −3 +
1
8b = 0
8
b=0
1
→ (1) : 2a + 0 = 1
2
1
a=
2
1
S = ; 0
2
c) Par substitution
x = 3y − 19 (1)
y = 3x − 23
( 2)
(1) → ( 2 ) : y = 3 ( 3y − 19 ) − 23 D
y = 9y − 57 − 23 R
y = 9y − 80 − y + 80
1
8y = 80
80
y = 10
→ (1) : x = 3 10 − 19 = 30 − 19 = 11
S = (11; 10 )
3/14
d) Par substitution
3a − 7b = 2 (1)
15a − 35b = 12 ( 2 )
(1) : 3a − 7b = 2 +7b
1
3a = 2 + 7b
3
2 + 7b
a= (3)
3
2 + 7b
(3) → ( 2) : 15 − 35b = 12 Simplifier
3
5 ( 2 + 7b ) − 35b = 12 Développer
10 + 35b − 25b = 12 Réduire
10 = 12 IMPOSSIBLE
S=
1
16u − 4v = 100
0.16u − 0.04v = 1 100 4 4u − v = 25
e)
0.38u − 0.22v = 2 100 38u − 22v = 200
1 19u − 11v = 100
2
Par addition :
1
−25u = −175
−25
u=7
→ (1) : 4 7 − v = 25 v = 28 − 25 = 3
S = ( 7;3 )
4/14
f) Par addition
c d
+ =7
2 3
(1) 6(1)
6( 2 )
3c + 2d = 42 (3)
3( 3 )
−2( 4 )
9c + 6d = 126
c + d = 8 ( 2) 2c + 3d = 48
( 4) −4c − 6d = −96 +
3 2
1
5c = 30
5
c=6
2( 3 )
3c + 2d = 42 (3) −3( 4 )
6c + 4d = 84
2c + 3d = 48
( 4) −6c − 9d = −144 +
1
−5d = −60
−5
d = 12
S = ( 6 ; 12 )
g) Par substitution :
m n
+ =1 (1)
2 3
6m + 4n = 12
( 2)
m n
(1) : + =1 6
2 3
3m + 2n = 6 −3m
1
2n = 6 − 3m
2
6−m
n= (3)
2
6−m
(3 ) → ( 2) : 6m + 4 = 12 Simplifier
2
6m + 2 ( 6 − m ) = 12 Développer
6m + 12 − 6m = 12 Réduire
12 = 12 Toujours vrai
infinité de solutions
6 − k
S = k ; t.q. k
2
5/14
3x = 2 + 5y −5y
3x − 5y = 2 3x − 5y = 2
8
h) 24 10y
6 = + x 6x = 8 + 10y −10y 6x − 10y = 8
3x x
x
Par addition
(1)
1
− ( 2 )
3x − 5y = 2 2 3x − 5y = 2
6x − 10y = 8
(2) −3x + 5y = −4 +
0 = −2 IMPOSSIBLE
S=
6/14
Exercice 383
2c = d + 2
−d 2c − d = 2 (1)
b)
2 = c + d
c + d = 2
( 2)
2c + c = 2 + 2 MEE
c ( )
2 +1 = 2 + 2
1
2 +1
2+2 2 −1 2+ 2 −2
c= = = 2
2 +1 2 −1 2 −1
→ ( 2) : 2 +d=2 − 2
d=2− 2
S= ( 2;2− 2 )
p − 3q = 8 (1) 3( 2 )
p − 3q = 8
2p + q = 9
( 2) 6p + 3 = 27 +
1
7p = 35
7
p=5
→ ( 2) : 10 + q = 9 −10
q = −1
S = ( 5 ; − 1)
a + 4
= b +1 2
2 a + 4 = 2b + 2 −2b − 4
a − 2b = −2 (1)
f)
a + 2 = b − 1 3 a + 2 = 3b − 3 −3b − 2 a − 3b = −5
( 2)
3
−1( 2 )
a − 2b = −2
−a + 3b = 5 +
b=3
→ (1) : a − 6 = −2 +6
a=4
S = ( 4 ; 3 )
7/14
Exercice 386
3 14 1 14
= =
1 − 4m 2 − n 2 − n = 14 − 56m +56m − 2
a) 3 − 12m 2 − n
simplifier PC
2 = 4 1 = 4 2 + n = 4 + 16m −n − 4
2 + 8m 2 + n
1 + 4m 2 + n
56m − n = 12
(1)
16m − n = −2
( 2)
1
(1) − ( 2 ) : 40m = 14
40
7
m=
20
28
→ ( 2) : − n = −2 +n + 2
5
38
n=
5
7 38
S = ;
20 5
c)
z − 12 z − 13
7 − w = 11 − w
PC 11z − 132 − wz + 12w = 7z − 91 − wz + 13w − 7z − 13w + wz + 132
2z + 4 = 34 − 2w 36z + 72 − 2wz − 4w = 340 − 20w + 34z − 2wz − 34z + 20w + 2wz − 72
10 + z 18 − w
4z − w = 41 (1) −2( 2 )
4z − w = 41
2z + 16w = 268
( 2) −4z − 32w = −536 +
1
−33w = −495
−33
w = 15
→ (1) : 4z − 15 = 41 +15
1
4z = 56
4
z = 14
S = (15 ; 14 )
8/14
Exercice 389
5 3 1 1
− = x = m
b) m n 20 on pose
4 + 5 = 8 y = 1
m n 15 n
1 5(1)
5x − 3y = 20
20 100x − 60y = 1 (1)
4( 2 )
500x − 300y = 5
4x + 5y = 8 15 60x + 75y = 8 ( 2 )
240x + 300y = 32 +
15
1
740x = 37
740
1 1
x= = m = 20
20 m
→ (1) : 5 − 60y = 1 +60y − 1
1
60y = 4
60
1 1
y= = n = 15
15 n
S = ( 20 ; 15 )
Exercice 390
3 4 3 2 3
=5− = 5 − 2 x = a + b
a + b
a) a + b a−b
a −b On pose :
− 9 = −1 − 2 −3 3 = −1 − 2 y = 2
a+b a−b
a+b a −b a−b
x = 5 − 2y (1)
−3x = −1 − y
( 2)
(1) → ( 2 ) : −3 ( 5 − 2y ) = −1 − y D
−15 + 6y = −1 − y + y + 15
1
7y = 14
7
y=2
→ (1) : x = 5 − 2 2 = 1
3
1= (a + b)
a+b
a + b = 3 (3) 2(1)
2a + 2b = 6
2 = 2 (a − b) 2a − 2b = 2
( 4) 2a − 2b = 2 +
a−b
1
4a = 8
2
a=2
9/14
→ (3) : 2 + b = 3 b = 1
s = ( 2 ; 1)
8 1 1
z + 1 − y + z − 2 = 7 a = z + 1
b) On pose :
b = 1
13 + 2
= 15
z + 1 y + z − 2 y+z−2
8a − b = 7 (1) 2(1)
16a − 2b = 14
13a + 2b = 15
( 2) 13a + 2b = 15 +
29a = 29
a =1
→ (1) : 8 −b = 7 b = 8 −7 =1
1
1 = z + 1 ( z + 1)
z + 1 = 1 −1 z = 0 (3)
1 = 1
( y + z − 2) y + z − 2 = 1 +2 y + z = 3 (4)
y + z − 2
(3) → ( 4) : y+0=3 y =3
s = ( 3 ; 0 )
Exercice 391
33 24 11 24
2 + =5 3 2 + =5
3 3
+ 3s 5s − + 3s 5s −
r r r r
e)
55 +
144
= 17 5 11
+ 6
24
= 17
2 3 2 3
+ 3s 5s − + 3s 5s − r
r r r
11
x = 2
r + 3s
On pose :
y = 24
3
5s − r
10/14
3x + y = 5 (1)
5x + 6y = 17
( 2)
(1) : 3x + y = 5 y = 5 − 3x (3)
(3) → ( 2) : 5x + 6 ( 5 − 3x ) = 17 D
5x + 30 − 18x = 17 −30
1
−13x = −13
−13
x =1
→ (3) : y =5−3 =2
11 2
1 = 2 + 3s
+ 3s r
2
r r + 3s = 11 r
2 + 3rs = 11r −3rs
3
5s − r 5s − 3 = 12 r 5rs − 3 = 12r −5rs
24
2 =
r
3 2
5s − r
5( 4 )
11r − 3rs = 2 ( 4) −3( 5 )
55r − 15rs = 10
12r − 5rs = −3
(5) −36r + 15rs = 9 +
19r = 19
r =1
9
→ ( 4 ) : 11 − 3s = 2 s= =3
3
S = (1; 3 )
11/14
2.5.2. Systèmes d’équations linéaires à plus de 2 inconnues
Exercice 410
x − y = 6 (1)
a) x + z = 9 (2)
z − y = −4
(3)
(3) → z = y − 4 (4)
y − 1 = x (1)
c) x + z = 6 ( 2)
7 − z = y (3)
(1) → ( 2 ) : y − 1 + z = 6 +1 − z
y =7−z ( 4)
( 4) → (3) : 7−z=7−z −7 + z
0=0 Toujours vrai !
Il y a une infinité de solutions. On exprime 2 inconnues en fonction de la 3ème :
(1) : y = x +1
( 2) : z=6−x
S = ( k ; k + 1 ; 6 − k ) t.q. k
12/14
Exercice 411
2x − y = 15 − 5z (1)
b) 2z + 1 = x + 3y ( 2)
4x + 5y = 10 − z (3)
(3) : 4x + 5y = 10 − z z = 10 − 4x − 5y ( 4 )
( 4) → (1) : 2x − y = 15 − 5 (10 − 4x − 5y ) D
2x − y = 15 − 50 + 20x + 25y −2x + y + 35
18x + 26y = 35 (5 )
( 4) → ( 2) : 2 (10 − 4x − 5y ) + 1 = x + 3y D
20 − 8x − 10y + 1 = x + 3y +8x + 10y
9x + 13y = 21 (6)
18x + 26y = 35 ( 5 )
−2( 2 )
18x + 26y = 35
9x + 13y = 21 ( 6 )
−18x − 26y = −42 +
0 = −7 IMPOSSIBLE
S=
13/14
3v + 1 = 4u + 5w −3v 4u − 3v + 5w = 1 (1)
d) u − 7w = 14 − 2v +2v u + 2v − 7w = 14 (2)
9w + 1 = 5v − 6u
−9w −6u + 5v − 9w = 1 (3 )
( 2) : u + 2v − 7w = 14 u = 14 − 2v + 7w ( 4)
( 4) → (1) : 4 (14 − 2v + 7w ) − 3v + 5w = 1 D
56 − 8v + 28w − 3v + 5w = 1 −56
1
−11v + 33w = −55
11
−v + 3w = −5 (5)
( 4) → (3) : −6 (14 − 2v + 7w ) + 5v − 9w = 1 D
−84 + 12v − 42w + 5v − 9w = 1 +84
1
17v − 51w = 85
17
v − 3w = 5 (6)
( 6) : v − 3w = 5 v = 3w + 5 (7 )
(7) → (5) : − ( 3w + 5 ) + 3w = 5 D
−3w − 5 + 3w = −5
−5 = −5
infinité de solutions
(7) → ( 4) : u = 14 − 2 ( 3w + 5 ) + 7w = 14 − 6w − 10 + 7w = w + 4
S = ( k + 4 ; 3k + 5 ; 4 ) t.q. k
14/14