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effluents
gazeux: Récents développements et
applications industrielles
Marc A. DESHUSSES
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
• IIntroduction,
t d ti principes
i i
fondamentaux
p d’applications
• Exemples pp
• Conclusions
Principe de la Biodégradation de Polluants Gazeux
Sous-produits
p inoffensifs
Polluant + (+ O2)
(ou produits de valeur)
Support Biofilm
Air ou gaz
purifié
Polluant
Ai épuré
Air é é
(Eau)
Air Eau
contaminé
Remplissage
Humidification
Biofilter Packings
• Many materials have been used: compost, peat, activated
carbon lava rock,
carbon, rock expanded clay,
clay wood chips,
chips pumice,
pumice etc.
etc
• Usually includes a light inert material (bulking agent), pH
buffer and slow release nutrients. Packing life is usually 2-5
years depending on composition and biofilter operation.
FILTRES PERCOLATEURS = BIOTRICKLING FILTERS
Air épuré
Mousse de polyuréthane
HD- Q-Pac
Biofilters and Biotrickling Filters
Biofilters:
• Work great for complex odors, trace VOCs
• Low volumetric performance
• Not suited when metabolites accumulate
• Low cost, simple design and construction, low maintenance (but moisture
control is critical),
) can be built very
y large
g
Biotrickling filters:
• Work great for H2S, VOCs, trace water soluble compounds
• Medium to high volumetric performance
• Allows pH and metabolite control
• More complex than biofilters, can be built taller than biofilters
Conditions Typiques
Temps de séjour du gas: 10 - 60 s
Concentration du polluant: COV: 0.02 - 2 g/m3
H2S: 1 – 2000 ppmv
Odeurs: 500 – 50,000 D/T
Hauteur du garnissage: 1–2m
Perte de charge: 0.2 – 10 cm H2O
T
Température:
é t 10 – 40 oC
Durée de vie du garnissage: biofiltre: 2 – 5 ans
biotrickling filtre: < 3 – 5 ans
Coût: installation: ~ autres technologies
opération:
p <<autres technologies
g
Mesure de la Performance
Capacité
p d’Elimination (EC):
( ) Valeurs Typiques
yp q
140
H2S: 10 – 200 g m-3 h-1
Max EC (g/m
120 alcohols
100 esters
80 ketones DMS, COS, MM, et autres
60 aromatics composés organo sulfureux:
40 alkanes
ether
2 – 20 (?) g m-33 h-11
20
0 NH3: 20 – 150 g m-3 h-1
0 50 100 150
M l
Molecular
l weight
i ht ((g/mol)
/ l)
• Industries • Compostage
chimiques, pharmaceutiques, • Production d’asphalte
fonderies alimentaires
fonderies, alimentaires,
etc. • Rémédiation des sols
• Ateliers de peinture, • Industrie du bois
i
imprimeries,
i i usines
i de
d • Abattoirs, équarrissage
meubles
• Stations d’épuration
d épuration • g , biogas
Décharges, g
• Stations de pompage • Exploration de l’espace
Une bonne distribution de l’air est primordiale
Réseau de
conduits perforés
Systèmes
spécialement
conçus
Biofiltre durant la construction
Un simple biofiltre dans une STEP
Biofiltre dans une société d’équarrissage
Traitement dd’odeurs
odeurs en Corée du Sud
Garnissage: mousse de polyuréthane (2 sections/colonne)
Diamètre: 8 m
Traitment de l’H2S et odeurs
• 2000 m3/h
• Max: 30 pp
ppm H2S
• Garnissage: 2.2 m
• Mousse de PU (structured)
• Temps de séjour: 7 s
Polluant
Thermall oxidation
Th id ti Biofiltration
99.9% control but requires May not reach 99.9% removal
additional fuel. Here, even but
but…
with 90% heat recovery, this
will result in emission of No fossil fuel needed, no
about 5,000 tons CO2 per yyear production of NO
Assuming 20 ppm NO in the No additional CO2
exhaust, 10 tons will be
produced per year
L environmental
Low i l footprint
f i
Laveur chimique
2NaOH+4NaOCl
H2 S 4NaCl + Na2SO4+2H2O
Laveur biologique
+ O2+CO2
H2 S 2H+ + SO4--
biotrickling filters
need a different
packing
…and a smaller
pump
Foul
air
no chemical
feed
Long-term H2S elimination capacity
100 9
RE
8
Inlet 7
10
6
5
1
4
3
0.1
2
1
pH Outlet
0 01
0.01 0
07/19/01 08/08/01 08/28/01 09/17/01 10/07/01 10/27/01 11/16/01 12/06/01 12/26/01 01/15/02
time
btf I
btf J
3000 btf Q
50% 0%
kling filter o
50%
80%
2000
80%
dor biotrick
1000
Od
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Odor biotrickling filter inlet (D/T)
Effect of gas residence time on treatment
70
2000
60
40
R
1000
30
20
RE ((%)) 500
10 Average inlet odor
concentration
0 0
2 4 6 8 10 12
EBRT (sec)
Effect of gas residence time on treatment
Carbonyl sulfide
14
Bioscrubber Q 0 25
0.25
12
0.20
10
ation (ppm)
8 0.15
E (%)
Concentra
RE
6 0.10
4
0 05
0.05
2 RE (%)
Average inlet concentration
0 0.00
2 4 6 8 10 12
EBRT (sec)
Treatment of odors correlates with H2S
removal but
removal, but…
100%
60%
40%
20%
(Pilot trailer unit – 2
bioscrubbers in series)
0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
H2S removal
• 1500 m3/h
• PUF packing (2 x 0.8 m)
• Dia. 1.5 m
• Temps de séjour: 6 s
• pH ~2.5
• Résultats (après 9 mois)
-Gaz traité: H2S 80 ppm
-Pas d’odeurs dans les rejets
Simplicité = Efficacité… BTF en Iran
Liquid recycle
Fresh water
tank and feed
Emerging Application: Treatment of High
Concentrations of H2S: Biogas
g or Other
Applications • Geothermal gas: 50,000 ppm H S 2
(!) in mostly CO2
• Partial removal, issues with sulfur
and process control (pH)
Tendences et domaines de recherche
http://www.deshusses.pratt.duke.edu/
marc.deshusses@duke.edu