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COURS
D’ANGLAIS.
Cours semi-intensif
- Good-morning : Bonjour
- Good-afternoon : Bon après-midi
- Good-evening : Bonsoir
- Good-night : Bonne nuit
What’s your name, please? : Quel est votre nom, s’il vous plait?
- My name is John : Je m’appelle Jean
Goodbye ! : Au revoir !
IDIOMS (Idiotismes)
TO BE (Etre)
Present tense (temps présent)
I am (I’m) Am I?
You are (You’re) Are You?
He is (He’s) Is He?
She is (She’s) Is She?
It is (It’s) Is It?
We are (We’re) Are We?
You are (You’re) Are You?
They are (They’re) Are They?
Remarque:
Pour les formes négative et interronégative, on ajoute la particule ‘‘NOT’’ aux formes
affirmatives et interrogatives.
Examples [ig’zæmpǝlz]: I am not. You are not. Am I not? Are you not?
TO HAVE (Avoir)
Present tense (Temps present)
N.B.
Les formes négative et interronégative ajoutent ‘‘NOT’’ aux formes affirmatives et
interrogatives.
Examples : I have not. You’ve not. He hasn’t. We haven’t. Have they not? Have you
not? Haven’t you? Have you a baby? (bébé) You haven’t a dog (chien). I
haven’t a house. They haven’t a pen (stylo). Haven’t you a heart? (Coeur)
TO BE (PAST TENSE)
Examples : I was a baby. You have a car. She’s a dress (robe/habit). He’s a dog. He’s
a bird (oiseau) and a cat (et un chat). I haven’t a house. We were in New
York city. They’ve sisters (soeurs) and brothers (frères). We’ve not a car.
Were you at home yesterday? (hier) Were they in England (Angleterre)
last year? (l’année dernière)
Examples: Weren’t you there yesterday? They were not in Kinshasa last week. Was
it good? No, it wasn’t good. Weren’t they good friends? Wasn’t she married
before? The exam was not easy. She wasn’t on time for the meeting
(reunion).
Examples : This car is good. This house is not good. That boy was a guitarist. These
babies are good. These are schools. That is a chair. That is a radio. These
are chairs. These are animals. That is a table.
ARTICLES
Examples :
N.B.
L’article indéfini (A ou AN) n’a pas de pluriel. Il disparait tout simplement.
Of : de
In : dans, en (position fixe dans un endroit)
Into : dans, en (mouvement de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur)
Inside : au-dedans de
Out (of) : hors de (mouvement de l’intérieur vers l’extérieur)
Before : avant, devant
After : après
On : sur
Under : sous, en dessous
By : par
Beside : à coté de
For : pour
To : à (mouvement, direction vers un lieu)
At : à (pas de mouvement, position)
Examples : I’m a boy. This car is mine. They have a car. It’s theirs. Give (donner) me
a book. Show (montrer) me your pen. My book and their book are here.
His pen and her pencil (crayon) are here. This is a pen. It’s mine. That’s
a car. It’s mine too. These are books. They are hers and not (et non) his.
This is her book. It’s hers (le possesseur est du genre féminine). This is a
watch. It’s his (le possesseur est du genre masculin).
N.B. Which peut aussi être employé pour les personnes quand il s’agit de faire un
choix.
Examples : Which is older (plus âgé), John or Henry ? The Boy whom I saw (see au
passé : voir). The girl whom you like (aimer) is here. Who is it ? The animal
which is here is yours. What is it ? Who is the president of our country ?
They have what you like. Who is your sister ? What you see is mine. Which
is the longest table ? (la plus longue table)
NB : Le cas possessif (‘s) ne s’emploie que quand le possesseur est une personne.
Exceptions :
Examples : I go to London. He speaks English. She reads well. We read our lessons
everyday. You speak very well. She goes there.
Exemple :
I
You
He
She can
It
We
They
Examples : I can go to school. You may come (venir). You can read this book. You
may smoke (fumer) out of the house. We may speak now. I must go home
now. He must try (essayer) his new hat (chapeau). They must go to church
tomorrow.
VOCABULARY (I)
IDIOMS
NB :
In July : en Juillet
In May : en Mai
NB :
- What’s the date today ?
- Today’s the 4th of June 1972 ou Today is June the 4th, 1972.
- Today is Wednesday, December 30th, 2009.
On appelle verbes irréguliers les verbes qui prennent la terminaison ‘‘ED’’ dans la
forme du passé.
Examples :
- To ask asked
- To remember remembered
- To receive received
- I invited (j’invitais)
- I ended (je terminais)
Tout verbe ne prenant pas cette terminaison est dit verbe irrégulier.
Examples :
- To write wrote
- To speak spoke
- To be was, were
Examples : I read well. They all (tous) spoke English. She opens the door. We say it’s
bad. She told me that. I took a good pen. They began the market in the
morning. You gave the book to me. He tells us good stories (histoires). We
were in a hurry when we met you. Peter went to school.
COLOURS
Examples : My house is yellow. It’s not red. Is your dress black ? No, it’s blue. This
table is brown. It isn’t chocolate. This blue pen is mine. I want to go to the
White House. She has black trousers.
Remarque : Si le premier verbe n’est pas un verbe auxiliaire (can, may, must), le
second se met à l’infinitif avec ‘‘to’’.
‘‘Il y a’’ se traduit en Anglais par ‘‘AGO’’ quand il est utilisé comme expression de
temps.
Examples : I was in London two years ago. She webt to Europe five months ago. We
prayed very well four weeks ago. I saw him here three hours ago. Thirty
minutes ago, we met at the airport. He was here an hour ago.
IDIOMS
Examples : I have some water (eau). We have some shirts. I haven’t any water. Have
we any shirts ? She gives me some milk. Must she give him any dresses ?
he sees somes houses. Yes, she must give him som dresses. They can
eat some bananas. They don’t eat any bananas. Give him some papers.
We can give you some money. Can you give me some time ?
Règle : On emploie SOME dans la phrase affirmative et ANY dans la phrase négative
ou interrogative.
NB. ANY peut aussi être employé dans une phrase affirmative quand il signifie
‘‘N’IMPORTE QUEL…’’
Examples :
Give me any pen you want.
Show us any book you have.
SOME VERBS
Examples :
1 : 00 pm. One pm (une heure du soir).
4 : 30 am. Four thirty am (quatre heures du matin).
REGLES :
- Voyez d’abord dans la phrase s’il y a un verbe auxiliaire ou non.
- Si elle a un verbe auxiliaire, on ne fait qu’ajouter la négation « NOT » entre le
sujet et le verbe.
- Si le verbe n’est pas auxiliaire, nous ajoutons « DO NOT » entre le sujet et le
verbe. DO NOT se contracte en DON’T.
VOCABULARY
SOME VERBS
IDIOMS
La conjugaison progressive est utilisée en Anglais pour exprimer une action qui est en
train de se dérouler au moment de la parole.
I am
You are
He
She is
speaking
It
We
You are
They
LE PARTICIPE PRESENT
Exemple :
- To eat eating
- To kiss kissing
- To do doing
Examples : I have much sugar. Have you got much water ? You had not much milk
yesterday. We have many houses. You drink a lot water. She had a lot of
pens in her bag. They have much money in the ban know. They have many
cars in their garage. I’m taking much rest this week.
I am a student Am I a student ?
She has a book Has she a book ?
You can come Can you come ?
I speak English Do I speak English ?
You can learn French Can you learn French ?
They write books Do they write books ?
Règles :
- S’il y a un auxiliaire : inversion du sujet et de l’auxiliaire.
- S’il n’y a pas d’auxiliaire, on commence la phrase par l’auxiliaire « DO ».
Examples :
I was a student Was I a student ?
You could come Could you come ?
I spoke English Did I speak English ?
He went to town Did they go to town ?
Examples :
- How much sugar have you ? - How many people are coming to
- How much time do you need ? dinner ?
- How much pencils have they (got) ? - How many sisters and brothers
- How much money did you give have you got ?
him ?
Examples : every person must sleep now. Every animal has a body (corps). Every boy
in this town is well-bred (bien éduqué). There are many bags. Each bag
costs (couter) 2 shillings. You have many children and each of the mis kind
(gentil).
ORDERS (L’Impératif)
Examples :
- To go Go ! (allez ! va !)
- To speak Speak ! (parles ! parlez !)
- To be Be ! (sois ! soyez !)
- To have Have ! (aies ! ayez !)
Examples :
- To go Let’s go (allons) to London.
- To speak Let’s speak (parlons) about the USA.
- To think Let’s think (pensons) about it.
- To stay Let’s stay (restons) here.
VOCABULARY
According to : selon
So … that : si … que
So that : afin que (toujours suivi de CAN, COULD)
Fluently : couramment
Examples : That train is very fast. I teach you English so that you can speak it. That
child is so stupid that I can not show him anything. This car is good enough
fot you. Accoding to me, it’s not good. Go quickly !
Pour un ordre négatif (une prohibition), nous employons DON’T devant l’indicatif sans
TO.
Examples :
- Don’t do ! Ne faites pas !
- Don’t speak ! Ne parlez pas !
- Don’t write ! N’écrivez pas !
- Don’t stay ! Ne restez pas !
NB :
- Don’t let’s go Ne partons pas
- Let’s not go Ne parlons pas
IDIOMS
Examples : those are my head, my hair and my eyes. Thes are your nose and your
mouth and those are mother’s eyes. I can see your arm and your legs, but
ou can’t see my back now. We have ten fingers and ten toes. Everybody
has one head and one neck.
Examples : I often come here. She usually go to the market at 7 o’clock. You never
go there. He sometimes believes (croire) that. He often has a car when
he comes here. I do it slowly (lentement). I don’t like to do it quickly
(rapidement). He speaks seriously (sérieusement).
Exception :
- She is often here in the morning.
- We are sometimes happy when we see him.
SOME VERBS
Examples : This car is mine and the other is his. The other woman said it was true.
Give me the other watch. It is very beautiful. One woman went to London
and another went to Kingston. She refuses to take that pencil. Giver her
another. One car was good and another one (car) was bad. Three books
were here and the other ones (books) were there. Do you want anything
else ? I don’t want to see you again. Don’t show him anything else.
IDIOMS
VOCABULARY
FUTURE TENSE
Pour conjuguer au temps futur nous nous servons en Anglais des verbes auxiliaires
« SHALL » ou « WILL ». Nous les plaçons entre le sujet et le verbe à l’infinitif sans
« to ».
TO SPEAK NB :
I shall speak SHALL : 1ère personne (passé :
You will speak SHOULD) ;
He will speak WILL : autres personnes
She will speak (passé : WOULD)
It will speak
We shall speak
You shall speak
They shall speak
Examples : You don’t like it now. You will need it later. He will answer me now. We
will ask them some questions. They will be here in a week. He shall come
to see you. You will be very happy (heureux).
Quelques contractions
La forme « GOING TO » est employée en Anglais pour exprimer une action qui va se
dérouler bientôt, une action imminente.
To fall (tomber)
I’m going to fall
You’re going to fall
He’s going to fall
Etc…
Examples : I’m going to say something now. She’s going to tell usa very good story.
We aren’t going to pray now. My children are going to succeed. He’s going
to listen to some music. What are going you to give me now ? Where are
you going to live in Kinshasa ? Are you going to answer my questions
now ? These students are going to fail their exams if they don’t study now.
I’m going to build a big house soon. She’s going to sing in Church
tomorrow.
PRONOMS EMPHATIQUES
I Myself Moi-même
You Yourself Toi-même
He Himself Lui-même
She Herself Elle-même
It Itself Lui (ou elle)-même
We Ourselves Nous-mêmes
You Yourselves Vous-mêmes
They Themselves Eux-mêmes
Examples : We saw the fight ourselves. They didn’t come themselves. He went home
by himself. My little boy can walk by himself now. I wanted to meet him
myself. She will cook all the food herself tommorrow.
VOCABULARY
IDIOMS
Would you mind staying here ? : Cela vous dérangerait-il de rester ici ?
At once : immédiatement, sur le champ
Once upon a time… : Il était une fois…
I’m penniless : Je suis sans sou
SOME VERBS
PRONOM REFLECHIS
NB :
- To kill oneself (se tuer)
- To look at oneself (se regarder)
Examples : I can’t kill miself. That’s impossible. They can kill you but they can’t kill
themselves. Can we see ourselves in the mirror ? She didn’t see herself
on TV yesterday because she was sleeping.
A LITTLE and A FEW
Page 26 sur 37 Cours d’Anglais. Contact : 0816921964 – 0899656758, Email : dalyssank@gmail.com
A LITTLE (+ mot pluriel qu’on ne peut compter) : UN PEU
A FEW (+ mot pluriel qu’on peut compter) : QUELQUE (UN PEU)
Examples : I’ve got a little water here. She’s going to give me a little milk. I could only
see a few houses there. Send him a few students. There is a little water in
the fridge. We have a few bank-notes here. Wait for me. It will take a little
time.
IDIOMS
SOME VERBS
VOCABULARY
Examples : His book is good but mine is better. Look at these three books. Which is
the best ? You do it well but she does it better. Ian Smith was bad but Hitler
was worse. That is the farthest point you willreach (atteindre). The quantity
of sugar you have is less than mine. He gets angry for the least criticism
you make about him. I’d like to go further in my studies, and chiefly in
English.
TO SPEAK TO WRITE
I have spoken I have written
You have spoken You have written
He has spoken He has written
She has spoken Sha has written
It has spoken It has written
We have spoken We have written
You have spoken You have written
They have soken They have written
Ce temps est utilisé pour exprimer une action qui a commencé dans le passé et qui
continue ou a des effets ou un rapport avec le présent.
Examples : I’ve bought a new car. I’ve already read that book. She’s gone to London.
I’ve written a very good composition. Do you want to sell ti ? they have
received two letters from New York.
IDIOMS
Appetite : appétit
As if I … : comme si je …
Enjoy your food ! : Bon appétit !
Have a good journey ! : Bon voyage !
Have a good week-end ! : Bon week-end !
And the same to you ! : A vous de même ! /Pareillement !
That’s right : c’est juste
That’s enough : c’est assez.
SHORT ANSWERS
TO SPEAK
I’ve been speaking (je parle)
You’ve been speaking
He has been speaking
She has been speaking
Etc…
Examples : we’ve been reading this book for (depuis) 4 hours and a half. She has
been playing in the rain (pluie) since (depuis) the morning. I’ve been
looking for (chercher) my shoes for one hour and half. You’ve been writing
this letter since 8 o’clock.
LA TRADUCTION DE ‘‘DEPUIS’’
Since : depuis
For : depuis
Examples : I’ve been playing football since 12 o’clock. I’ve been playing football for an
hour and a half. We’ve been learning this language since 1978.
VOCABULARY
SOME VERBS
MY HOUSE
IDIOMS
PREFIXES « UN » ET « DIS »
Les prefixes UN et DIS sont employés en Anglais pour exprimer le contraire, l’opposé
du mot auquel ils sont liés.
Examples :
- Able (capable) Unable (incapable)
- Kind (gentil) Unkind (méchant)
- To encourage (encourager) Discourage (decourager)
- To enable (permettre, rendre capable) Disable (rendre incapable)
Examples :
VOCABULARY
Examples :
VOCABULARY
SOME VERBS
VOCABULARY
IDIOMS
SOME VERBS
VOCABULARY
SOME VERBS
IDIOMS
VOCABULARY
SOME VERBS