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ì
Écoulements turbulents
GCH 205
Plan du chapitre
ì 3.0 Introduction
ì
4
3.0 Introduction
3.0 Introduction
3.0 Introduction
Boussinesq
20
ì Un problème difficile:
ì transitoire
ì plusieurs échelles (temps et espace) sont
présentes
ì Transfert d’énergie entre les différentes échelles
ì grands tourbillons se brisent en petits tourbillons
🙁
ì Gradients très importants près des parois
22
https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2020/11/
Beluga = 1350 TFlops
24
https://www.top500.org/statistics/perfdevel/
Puissance des ordis modernes
ì Tendances
25
ì Équations de N-S moyennées pour essayer de les résoudre en état de régime (en
moyenne)
3.2.2 Modèle k - 𝜀
k2
<latexit sha1_base64="4VWusvVefeXOPbx/t8veWd1z5fY=">AAACHnicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4kDJTfCEIxW5cVugLOnXIpJk2NJMMSUYow3yJG3/FjQtFBFf6N2baLrT1QHIP59xLco8fMaq0bX9buaXlldW1/HphY3Nre6e4u9dSIpaYNLFgQnZ8pAijnDQ11Yx0IklQ6DPS9ke1zG8/EKmo4A09jkgvRANOA4qRNpJXPHPD2GtA9wpeZ1fNS4yQQvcEunIoJjWQCCej+0qauCRSlAmeesWSXbYngIvEmZESmKHuFT/dvsBxSLjGDCnVdexI9xIkNcWMpAU3ViRCeIQGpGsoRyFRvWSyXgqPjNKHgZDmcA0n6u+JBIVKjUPfdIZID9W8l4n/ed1YB5e9hPIo1oTj6UNBzKAWMMsK9qkkWLOxIQhLav4K8RCZOLRJtGBCcOZXXiStStk5L1fuTkvVm1kceXAADsExcMAFqIJbUAdNgMEjeAav4M16sl6sd+tj2pqzZjP74A+srx9ma6Dk</latexit>
ì Comment estimer 𝜇T ? µT = Cµ ⇢
✏
µef f = µ + µT
<latexit sha1_base64="A8DFjoD175Q6wM3z5k22/XhTuEk=">AAACDnicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsBQEpSRFVASh6MZlhb6gCWEynbRDZ5IwMxFK6Be48VfcuFDErWt3/o2TNAttPTCXwzn3cuceP2ZUKsv6NpaWV1bX1ksb5c2t7Z1dc2+/I6NEYNLGEYtEz0eSMBqStqKKkV4sCOI+I11/fJv53QciJI3ClprExOVoGNKAYqS05JlVhydeSoJgCp0reJ0VrUDnFJ5kJXdbU8+sWDUrB1wkdkEqoEDTM7+cQYQTTkKFGZKyb1uxclMkFMWMTMtOIkmM8BgNSV/TEHEi3TQ/ZwqrWhnAIBL6hQrm6u+JFHEpJ9zXnRypkZz3MvE/r5+o4NJNaRgnioR4tihIGFQRzLKBAyoIVmyiCcKC6r9CPEICYaUTLOsQ7PmTF0mnXrPPa/X7s0rjpoijBA7BETgGNrgADXAHmqANMHgEz+AVvBlPxovxbnzMWpeMYuYA/IHx+QNAZpm1</latexit>
28
3.2.2 Modèle k - 𝜀
ì Equation de conservation de k
<latexit sha1_base64="H7Pdgvjp1ZzmBNgtZRoIMfi/Tew=">AAADaHichVJdb9MwFHUTPkbHR8eHEOLFWoU0BFRJhwAhIU1sDzwOad0mNSVyXKf1YieRfYOoIvMjeeMH8LJfMadN1S4FcaVYx/eec+7NlaNccA2e97vluDdu3rq9dae9fffe/QednYenOisUZQOaiUydR0QzwVM2AA6CneeKERkJdhYlh1X97DtTmmfpCcxyNpJkkvKYUwI2Fe60fgaxIrQ8womxBxiMg4/4U3UsCkFOFHAisFnBHyE3OBAsBjxc0mQRliyOjaVpPpEkTCzlddMk2XBRfDIFPKq4r+aCpa01PKlve02bgZWuG12Ylb7JvPhHy5e4or9Zafqm3K+q0wwHYyaAhCW3xsm1Gf9rv/Q8DI/W+JVp8q1c3PaN7WUXJUJpwk7X63nzwJvAr0EX1XEcdn4F44wWkqVABdF66Hs5jMpqAiqYaQeFZjmhCZmwoYUpkUyPyvlDMfiFzYxxnCn7pYDn2XVFSaTWMxlZpiQw1c1alfxbbVhA/GFU8jQvgKV00SguBIYMV68Oj7liFMTMAkIVt7NiOiV2GWDfZtsuwW/+8iY47ff8d73+17fdg8/1OrbQc7SL9pCP3qMD9AUdowGirT/OtvPYeeJcuh33qftsQXVateYRuhbu7hV58BJP</latexit>
✓ ◆ 3
Dk @ µef f @k @Ui @Uj 2 @Uj ⇢k 2
= + µT + ⇢ ij k CD
Dt @xi k @xi @xj @xi 3 @xi lm
ì Equation de conservation de 𝜀
✓ ◆
⇢✏2
<latexit sha1_base64="zk3dhr4H5NPyq9ZyoqcWv/JujMk=">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</latexit>
3.2.2 Modèle k - 𝜀
ì Utilisation de fonctions de paroi
ì Dans beaucoup d’études d’ingénierie, il est difficile d’avoir les
ressources pour résoudre le profil de vitesse près des parois, où il
faudrait un maillage très raffiné. Une solution est de représenter
l’écoulement avec des fonctions de paroi.
30
y r
32
Définitions
ì Coordonnées adimensionnelles
+ y v⇤ ⇢
y =
µ
+ v̄
v =
v⇤
33
⇣ y ⌘
⌧¯rz = ⌧o 1
<latexit sha1_base64="iFQNEBx6WKGfBh5ax3LhUaUVn+0=">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</latexit>
R
+ v̄z + y v⇤ y v⇤ ⇢
v = y = =
<latexit sha1_base64="EcDFOnkAKaq+iATHygHo+HU05R8=">AAACCnicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3o0UQhZJUQRGEohuXFewDmhgm00k7dPJgZhKoIWs3/oobF4q49Qvc+TdO2iy0euBeDufcy8w9bsSokIbxpZXm5hcWl8rLlZXVtfUNfXOrLcKYY9LCIQt510WCMBqQlqSSkW7ECfJdRjru6Cr3OwnhgobBrRxHxPbRIKAexUgqydF3k7sjaJ3Di7xZHkc4tVzE0yRz7rM0cQ4zR68aNWMC+JeYBamCAk1H/7T6IY59EkjMkBA904iknSIuKWYkq1ixIBHCIzQgPUUD5BNhp5NTMrivlD70Qq4qkHCi/txIkS/E2HfVpI/kUMx6ufif14uld2anNIhiSQI8fciLGZQhzHOBfcoJlmysCMKcqr9CPEQqD6nSq6gQzNmT/5J2vWYe1+o3J9XGZRFHGeyAPXAATHAKGuAaNEELYPAAnsALeNUetWftTXufjpa0Ymcb/IL28Q2cdpmg</latexit>
v⇤ <latexit sha1_base64="1inZbTO8hdzmipcdt25SFwZJRns=">AAACLnicdVBdS8MwFE3n15xfVR99CQ5BVEY7BUUQhiL4OMF9wDpHmqVbWJqWJB2U0l/ki39FHwQV8dWfYbrtQTe9kNzDOeeS3OOGjEplWa9Gbm5+YXEpv1xYWV1b3zA3t+oyiAQmNRywQDRdJAmjnNQUVYw0Q0GQ7zLScAdXmd4YEiFpwO9UHJK2j3qcehQjpamOeR3fH0LnHF5kl+MJhJMYOkdw2DlIE4dH6T9i1hzRD7TJj9KOWbRK1qjgLLAnoAgmVe2Yz043wJFPuMIMSdmyrVC1EyQUxYykBSeSJER4gHqkpSFHPpHtZLRuCvc004VeIPThCo7YnxMJ8qWMfVc7faT6clrLyL+0VqS8s3ZCeRgpwvH4IS9iUAUwyw52qSBYsVgDhAXVf4W4j3QsSidc0CHY0yvPgnq5ZB+XyrcnxcrlJI482AG7YB/Y4BRUwA2oghrA4AE8gTfwbjwaL8aH8Tm25ozJzDb4VcbXN8n2pW8=</latexit>
⌫ µ
dv + µ dv̄z dv + µ dv̄z
= v⇤2 =
⌧o =
<latexit sha1_base64="8XZoDWXvQRYhZdaPxwkQHXPCWxc=">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</latexit>
dy + ⇢ v⇤ v⇤ dy <latexit sha1_base64="FBMcyLFw0YAvbsZjYr+3FuNMLug=">AAACC3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmaBHERUmqoAhC0Y3LCvYBTQyT6aQdOsmEmUmhhOzd+CtuXCji1h9w5984abPQ1gP3cjjnXmbu8WNGpbKsb2NpeWV1bb20Ud7c2t7ZNff225InApMW5oyLro8kYTQiLUUVI91YEBT6jHT80U3ud8ZESMqjezWJiRuiQUQDipHSkmdWxt7JQx06l/Aqb04gEE4dhRKPZ6kjhjyDnlm1atYUcJHYBamCAk3P/HL6HCchiRRmSMqebcXKTZFQFDOSlZ1EkhjhERqQnqYRCol00+ktGTzSSh8GXOiKFJyqvzdSFEo5CX09GSI1lPNeLv7n9RIVXLgpjeJEkQjPHgoSBhWHeTCwTwXBik00QVhQ/VeIh0jHoXR8ZR2CPX/yImnXa/ZprX53Vm1cF3GUwCGogGNgg3PQALegCVoAg0fwDF7Bm/FkvBjvxsdsdMkodg7AHxifP7ODmZw=</latexit>
⇢
<latexit sha1_base64="U7uk/OBZbOL/cFOyB6EFFdnsRsY=">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</latexit>
dy + ⌧o dy
+ + dv + 2.5
v = 2.5 lny + 5.5 =
dy + y+
<latexit sha1_base64="oWQHvX8vciCksvrDr4vZn2KzhGg=">AAACDnicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3g6UgWEJSLYogFN24rGBboYllMp22QyeTMDMplNAvcOOvuHGhiFvX7vwbJ2kX2npgLodz7uXOPX7EqFS2/W3klpZXVtfy64WNza3tHXN3rynDWGDSwCELxb2PJGGUk4aiipH7SBAU+Iy0/OF16rdGREga8js1jogXoD6nPYqR0lLHLI0ejqF7AS/TUrGq0C1DxuE4VcswK1Wr2jGLtmVngIvEmZEimKHeMb/cbojjgHCFGZKy7diR8hIkFMWMTApuLEmE8BD1SVtTjgIivSQ7ZwJLWunCXij04wpm6u+JBAVSjgNfdwZIDeS8l4r/ee1Y9c69hPIoVoTj6aJezKAKYZoN7FJBsGJjTRAWVP8V4gESCCudYEGH4MyfvEiaFcs5sSq3p8Xa1SyOPDgAh+AIOOAM1MANqIMGwOARPINX8GY8GS/Gu/Exbc0Zs5l98AfG5w+EC5a1</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="sGSmMzzrQSxrlowe5x69Vp0AKPY=">AAACFXicbVDLSgMxFL1TX7W+qi7dBIsgKGWmKoogFN24rGAf0I4lk8m0oZnMkGQKZehPuPFX3LhQxK3gzr8xfSy09UByD+fcS3KPF3OmtG1/W5mFxaXllexqbm19Y3Mrv71TU1EiCa2SiEey4WFFORO0qpnmtBFLikOP07rXuxn59T6VikXiXg9i6oa4I1jACNZGauePW4HEJPVR/+FoaMrAFNS6RFeja+KVimfDdKy38wW7aI+B5okzJQWYotLOf7X8iCQhFZpwrFTTsWPtplhqRjgd5lqJojEmPdyhTUMFDqly0/FWQ3RgFB8FkTRHaDRWf0+kOFRqEHqmM8S6q2a9kfif10x0cOGmTMSJpoJMHgoSjnSERhEhn0lKNB8Ygolk5q+IdLGJQpsgcyYEZ3bleVIrFZ2TYunutFC+nsaRhT3Yh0Nw4BzKcAsVqAKBR3iGV3iznqwX6936mLRmrOnMLvyB9fkDF4Gc4A==</latexit>
50
ì Solution:
ì Transition laminaire-turbulence
(Fluide Newtonien: environ 2000)
63
16 é He He 4 ù
f = ê1 + - 3 7ú
(Non-linéaire)
Re BP ë 6 Re BP 3 f (Re BP ) û
D rt 0
2
He = Nombre d’Hedstrom
µ 2
¥
DrV
Re BP =
µ¥
65
(
a = -1.378 1 + 0.146e - 2.9 x10 -5 He
)
66
Solution: a)