Existence, regularity and compactness results under the

α-norm for some integrodierential equations with nite

delay in Banach Space

Boubacar Diao

Workshop : Operators, Spectra and Applications

June232016
AIMS-SENEGAL 2016
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Sommary
MAIN RESULTS

OUTLINE

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

2 PRELIMINARIES

3 MAIN RESULTS

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations

1 ODEs and PDEs play very important roles in the eld of

mathematical modelling.

2 We meet them in many applications elds such that

physique, biology, etc.

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

1
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations
-Verlhust model
du (t ) u (t )
= τ u (t )(1 − ), for t ≥ 0. (1.1)
dt K
-Reaction-diusion model
∂ u (t , x ) ∂ 2 u (t , x )

= + f (t , x ), t ≥ 0, x ∈ [0, 1],
∂t ∂x 2





u (t , 0) = u (t , 1) = 0 for t ≥ 0, (1.2)



u (0, x ) = u0 (x ) for x ∈ [0, 1].



Many informations concerned for example biological and physical

process can be obtained by studying equations of type (1.1)-(1.2).

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

2
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations
How to model memory materials or self control systems

 Les équations diérentielles de la mécanique classique sont telles qu'il en

résulte que le mouvement est déterminé par la simple connaissance des
positions et des vitesses, c'est-à-dire par l'état à un instant donné et à l'instant
inniment voisin. Les états antérieurs n'y intervenant pas, l'hérédité n'y est
qu'un vain mot. L'application de ces équations où le passé ne se distingue pas
de l'avenir, où les mouvements sont de nature réversible, sont donc
inapplicables aux êtres vivants. Nous pouvons rêver d'équations fonctionnelles
plus compliquées que les équations classiques parce qu'elles renfermeront en
outre des intégrales prises entre un temps passé très éloigné et le temps actuel,
qui apporteront la part de l'hérédité. 
PICARD (1908)

3
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations
-Delay in control systems
∂ u (t , x ) ∂ 2 u (t , x )

= + f (t , x ), t ≥ 0, x ∈ [0, 1],

∂t ∂x 2






(1.3)



u (t , 0) = u (t , 1) = 0 for t ≥ 0,


u (0, x ) = u0 (x ) for x

∈ [0, 1].


Suppose that f (t , x ) = b(x )v (t ) (CTRL). Then for

Z 1
v (t ) = u (t , x )dx , (1.4)
0

we get a feedback control. However, for a more realistic feedback,

we choose
Z 1
v (t ) = u (t − r , x )dx , for r > 0. (1.5)
0
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm 4
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations
Abstract form

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + F (t , ut ), t ≥ 0,
(
(1.6)
u0 = ϕ ∈ C ([−r , 0], X).

C = C ([−r , 0], X) is the Phase-Space.

ut (θ) = u (t + θ) for θ ∈ [−r , 0] is the historical function.

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

5
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations
Travis & Web (1978) studied the above system in the case where
the forcing term contains the fractional power of the linear part,
that is F (t , Aα ut ).
They use the following denition (Pazy (1983)) :
A0 = I and for 0 < α < 1
1 ∞
Z
Aα = (A−α )−1 with A−α = t α−1 T (t ) dt .
Γ(α) 0

The Phase space and the graphe norm of Aα dened by

kx kα = kAα x k for x ∈ Xα = D (Aα ) = Im(A−α )

called alpha-norm.

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

6
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Motivations
Using the Semigroup theory and Variation of Constant Formula,
they studied
Z t
u (t ) = T (t )ϕ(0) + T (t − s )f (s , us )ds (1.7)
0

called mild solution with initial data ϕ ∈ Cα = C ([−r , 0], Xα ).

Travis & Web (1978) obtain :
Existence result (F Lipschitz in the second variable)
Continuous dependance
Stability

7
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARIES Motivations and Challenges
MAIN RESULTS

Challenges
We Consider the following integrodierential equation :
 Z t

 u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s )ds + F (t , ut ), t ≥ 0,
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .


(1.8)

F (t , Aα u (t )) is well dened for 0 ≤ α < 1

Cα = C ([−r , 0], Xα ).

ut (θ) = u (t + θ) for θ ∈ [−r , 0].

8
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Fractional power
PRELIMINARIES Resolvent Operator
MAIN RESULTS

Some Mathematical Tools

I-PRELIMINARIES

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Fractional power
PRELIMINARIES Resolvent Operator
MAIN RESULTS

Some Mathematical Tools

Lemma I.1
For 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, we have the following results :
(i) Xα endowed with the alpha norm is a Banach space.
(ii) Aα is a closed linear operator with domain Xα ;
(iii) A−α is a bounded linear operator on X for 0 < α ≤ 1 ;
(iv) If 0 < α ≤ β, then D (Aβ ) ,→ D (Aα ). Further, the injection
is compact if T (t ) is, for all t > 0.

Semi groups of linear Operators and Application to Partial Dierential

A. Pazy.
Equations. Applied Mathematical sciences, V.44, Springer-Verlag, New-York, (1983).
9
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Fractional power
PRELIMINARIES Resolvent Operator
MAIN RESULTS

Some Mathematical Tools

 Z t

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds , for t ≥ 0,
(2.1)
0

u (0) = u0 ∈ X.

Denition I.2
(a) R (0) = I , kR (t )k ≤ M exp(β t ) for M > 0, β ∈ R ;
(b) For x ∈ X, R (t )x is continuous for all t ≥ 0 ; R (t ) ∈ L(D (A)) t ≥ 0
(c) R (.)x ∈ C 1 (R+ , X) ∩ C (R+ , D (A)) and ∀x ∈ D (A)
Z t
R 0 (t )x = −AR (t )x + B (t − s )R (s )xds (2.2)
0
Z t
= −R (t )Ax + R (t − s )B (s )xds , ∀t ≥ 0. (2.3)
0

R. Grimmer, A. J. Pritchard. Analytic resolvent operators for integral equations in a

Banach space,Journal of Dierential Equation, V. 50, No.2 234259, (1983).
10
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Fractional power
PRELIMINARIES Resolvent Operator
MAIN RESULTS

Some Mathematical Tools

Grimmer & Pritchard (1983), in some condition in A and B , prove
that the operator dened by : R (0) = I and for t > 0
1
Z
R (t )x = e λt (λI − A − B ∗ (λ))−1 x d λ, for x ∈ X. (2.4)
2π i Γ
is an analytic resolvent operator for the following system
 Z t

u (t ) = −Au (t ) +
0
B (t − s )u (s ) ds , for t ≥ 0, (2.5)
0

u (0) = u0 ∈ X.
Further
Nα
kAα R (t )k ≤ , for t > 0 and 0 ≤ α < 1. (2.6)
tα

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

11
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Fractional power
PRELIMINARIES Resolvent Operator
MAIN RESULTS

Some Mathematical Tools

Via the Variation of Constant Formula, we can prove that the
solution of the following system
t
 Z

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds + F (t , ut ), for t ≥ 0,
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .
(2.7)
is given by
Z t
u (t ) = R (t )ϕ(0) + R (t − s )F (s , us ) ds for t ≥ 0. (2.8)
0

If u satises (2.8) but not (2.7), we say that u is a mild solution.

12
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

II-MAIN RESULTS

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

 Z t

u0 (t ) = −Au(t ) + B (t − s )u(s ) ds + F (t , ut ), t ≥ 0, (3.1)
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .

(H2.1) There exists a positive constant LF > 0 such that

kF (t , ϕ1 ) − F (t , ϕ2 )k ≤ LF kϕ1 − ϕ2 kCα , for t ≥ 0, ϕ1 , ϕ2 ∈ Cα .

Theorem II.1
Suppose that condition (H2.1) holds. Then, for all initial data
ϕ ∈ Cα , system (3.1) has an unique mild solution dened for
t ≥ 0.

13
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

 Z t

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds + F (t , ut ), for t ≥ 0,
(3.2)
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .
(H2.1) There exists a constant LF > 0 such that
kF (t , ϕ1 ) − F (t , ϕ2 )k ≤ LF kϕ1 − ϕ2 kCα , for t ≥ 0, ϕ1 , ϕ2 ∈ Cα .

Theorem II.2
Suppose that condition (H2.1) holds. Then the solution
operator U (t )ϕ = ut (., ϕ) is continuous from [0; ∞[ to Cα for
each ϕ ∈ Cα xed and there exist a real number δ and a function
P such that
kU (t )ϕ1 − U (t )ϕ2 k ≤ P (δ)e δt kϕ1 − ϕ2 kCα , ∀t ≥ 0, ∀ϕ1 , ϕ2 ∈ Cα .
(3.3)

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

14
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

W. Desch, R. Grimmer& W. Schappacher (1983) :

For y ∈ D (A), B (t )y ∈ W 1,1 ([0, b], X), c a positive integrable
function on [0, b] and

kB 0 (t )y k ≤ c (t )|y |, y ∈ D (A), t ∈ [0, b]. (3.4)

Then there exists L = L(b) such that

kR (t + h) − R (t )R (h)kL(X) ≤ Lh for t ∈ [0, b]. (3.5)

Notice that (3.5) is not true on Xα .

15
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

(H2.2) For 0 ≤ β < 1 and t ≥ 0, we have B (t ) ∈ L(Xβ , X). Suppose also

kB (t )x k ≤ bβ (t ) kx kβ forx ∈ Xβ with bβ ∈ Lqloc (0, ∞) and q > 1/(1 − β).

Theorem II.3
Suppose that (H2.2) holds. Then, for each a > 0, there exists a
positive constant M = M (a) such that, for 0 ≤ h < t ≤ a and
x ∈ X, we have :
Z h
ds
 
A R (t + h)x − R (t )R (h)x ≤ M kx k . (3.6)
α

0 sα

16
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

 Z t

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds + F (t , ut ), for t ≥ 0,
(3.7)
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .

(H2.1) ∃ LF > 0 / kF (t , ϕ1 ) − F (t , ϕ2 )k ≤ LF kϕ1 − ϕ2 kCα , for t ≥ 0, ϕ1 , ϕ2 ∈ Cα .

(H2.2) For 0 ≤ β < 1 and t ≥ 0, then B (t ) ∈ L(Xβ , X). Suppose also that

kB (t )x k ≤ bβ (t ) kx kβ for x ∈ Xβ with bβ ∈ Lqloc (0, ∞) and q > 1/(1 − β).

(H2.3) (T (t ))t ≥0 is compact for t > 0.

Theorem II.4
Suppose that (H2.1)-(H2.3) hold. Then the operator solution
U (t ), dened from Cα to Cα by U (t )ϕ = ut (., ϕ) is compact for
t > r , where ut (., ϕ) represent the mild solution of system (3.7)
starting from ϕ.

17
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

t
 Z

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds + F (t , ut ), for t ≥ 0,
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .
(3.8)

Theorem II.5
Suppose that conditions (H2.1)-(H2.3) hold. Moreover,
suppose that F is continuous in some open set J × Ω of R+ × Cα .
Then, for each ϕ ∈ Ω, system (3.8) has at least a mild solution
dened on some interval [0, b].

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

18
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

 Z t

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds + F (t , ut ) for t ≥ 0,
(3.9)
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .

Theorem II.6
Assume that conditions (H2.1)-(H2.3) hold and F be a
completely continuous function. Then, for each ϕ ∈ Cα , system
(3.9) has a mild solution u (., ϕ) on a maximal interval [−r , bϕ [.
Moreoever, if bϕ < ∞, then

lim ku (t , ϕ)kα = +∞. (3.10)

t →bϕ−

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm

19
 Global existence
GENERAL INTRODUCTION Continuous dependance
PRELIMINARIES Compacity and local existence
MAIN RESULTS Blowing up phenomena
Regularity

 Z t

u 0 (t ) = −Au (t ) + B (t − s )u (s ) ds + F (t , ut ) for t ≥ 0,
(3.11)
0

u0 = ϕ ∈ Cα .

(H2.1) F is Lipschitzian with respect to second variable.

(H2.4) F is continuously dierentiable and ∂t F , ∂ϕ F are locally Lipschitz with respect to the second
variable.

Z t
u (t ) = R (t )ϕ(0) + R (t − s )F (s , us ) ds for t ≥ 0. (3.12)
0

Theorem II.8
Suppose that conditions (H2.1) and (H2.4) hold. Let ϕ ∈ Cα1
such that ϕ(0) ∈ Y and ϕ‘(0) = −Aϕ(0) + F (0, ϕ) (CR). Then
the mild solution of system (3.11) is a strict solution.

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm 20

 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Some Reerences
PRELIMINARIES Thanks
MAIN RESULTS

B. Diao, K. Ezzinbi and M. Sy, Existence, regularity and compactness

properties, in the α-norm, for some partial functional integrodierential
equations with nite delay, Journal of Dierential Equations and
Dynamical System, No. 233,DOI 10.1007/s12591-014-0233-7, (2013).
B. Diao, K. Ezzinbi and M. Sy, Existence and regularity in the α-norm
for some partial functional integrodierential equations with innite
delay, Journal of Dierential Equations and Dynamical System, (2016).
C. C. Travis and G. F. Webb, Existence, stability and compactness in
the α-norm for partial functional dierential equations, Transaction of
the American Mathematical Society, Vol 240, 129-143,(1978).
R. Grimmer, Resolvent operators for integral equations in a Banach
space, Transaction of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 273,
333349, (1982).

21
B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Some Reerences
PRELIMINARIES Thanks
MAIN RESULTS

Thank you for your attention

B. DIAO U.G.B Existence results under the alpha norm