Les Techniques thermiques : Pyrolyse –

Thermolyse et Gazéification

A. Fontana
La connaissance du déchet est primordiale si l’on souhaite déterminer le mode de
traitement le mieux adapté en tenant compte des circonstances locales et avec
l’objectif essentiel d’un développement durable. En effet, en fonction de la
composition d’un déchet, le choix d’une valorisation matière ou énergie doit être
effectué dans des conditions économiquement acceptables tout en respectant les
contraintes environnementales. Le choix d’une technologie doit se faire en
relation avec la situation locale (nature et dispersion des déchets en amont et
marché pour les produits en aval). En tenant compte des revenus liés à
l’élimination du déchet (tipping fee), et de la vente des produits à valeur ajoutée,
il reste une marge pour le développement de technologies propres et
économiquement viables. En tout état de cause, un tri préalable du déchet pour
séparer les fractions valorisables séparément est hautement souhaitable. Pour
faire le point, on présentera brièvement ci-dessous l’ensemble des techniques
diponibles, autres que les techniques de pyrolyse et gazéification qui font l’objet
de cette revue.

JEL Classifications:
Keywords: Déchets, valorisation matière, valorisation énergie, technologies,
incinération, thermolyse, pyrolyse, gazéification, biométhanisation, compostage,
oxydation par voie humide.

CEB Working Paper N° 07/032

2007

Université Libre de Bruxelles – Solvay Business School – Centre Emile Bernheim

ULB CP 145/01 50, avenue F.D. Roosevelt 1050 Brussels – BELGIUM
e-mail: ceb@admin.ulb.ac.be Tel. : +32 (0)2/650.48.64 Fax : +32 (0)2/650.41.88
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