Presentation API 570 PDF

I- API 570: SCOPE,
TERMS AND
DEFINITION
Training center
Skills for oil and gas
II- PIPING
Centre de formation agréé sous le 11/1532/1 INSPECTION
numéro/ 6
III- PIPING
API 570 : Piping Inspector MATERIALS
Course
« Sculpt Your Skills for the Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Rerating
of Oil & Gas In-Service Piping Systems! »
IV-Fitness- For
-Service (FFS)
assessment
22st - 24th November 2016 | Tunisia,

1
2/9/17
PRÉSENTATION DE L’INTERVENANT
Mr JALLALI Salah, Ingénieur diplômé en Génie Industriel de l’ENIT en 2006, ayant occupé
plusieurs postes comme étant Ingénieur QA/QC à ENI , Inspecteur en soudage à SAIPEM, Expert en
corrosion, et actuellement Directeur Général à CIM.
Plus que 10 ans d’expérience dans le domaine pétrolier

Inspection selon API 653 Plus que 102 réservoirs de stockage d’hydrocarbure
Inspection selon API 510,ASME IIIX Div1,2 Plus que 300 appareils sous pression
Expert Agréé du ministère de l’industrie tunisienne:
A2: les appareils à pression de gaz, A3: les ouvrage de transport de gaz combustible
par canalisations, B4:les ouvrage de transport d’hydrocarbure liquide par
canalisations.
Auditeur interne certifié en ISO 9001 ,ISO 17020, ISO 14001,ISO18001
ASNT UT,MT,PT,RT,RMT,VIT,ECT level II
Ingénieur expert API 510, API 570, API 653
Ingénieur expert en Corrosion et Revêtement CSWIP 2/3
NS-2/DS-1 drill pipe and Rigs senior inspector

I- PIPING INSPECTION CODE: API 570
2/9/17 API 570 : Piping Inspector Course 3

4
Piping Inspection, based on API RP 570?
Three-days course covering a comprehensive introduction to the in-service

inspection of metallic piping systems based on the requirements of
API/ASME standards.
Course content:
Extensive overview of API 570 “Body of Knowledge”, corrosion
allowances, inspection intervals, joint efficiencies, pressure testing,
impact testing, preheating and heat treatment requirements, remaining life
calculations, degradation mechanisms, ASME welding and NDE
requirements.
2/9/17
API 570 : Piping Inspector Course
5
PIPING INSPECTION CODE: API 570
In-service Inspection
Rating
Repair
Alteration of Piping Systems
2/9/17
6
PIPING INSPECTION CODE: API 570
Scope
Terms & definitions
Inspection plans
Interval / frequency & extent of inspection
Inspection data evaluation, analysis & recording
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S C O P E COVERS INSPECTION. . .
Rating, repair, alteration procedures for metallic &

fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping systems and their
associated pressure relieving devices that have been placed
in- service
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S C O P E - INTENT
 Specify the in-service inspection and condition
 Monitoring program that is needed to determine the integrity of piping.
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SCOPE - INCLUDED FLUID SERVICES
Applies to piping systems for:
• Process fluids
• Hydrocarbons
• Similar flammable or toxic fluid services
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SCOPE
OPTIONAL PIPING SYSTEMS & FLUID SERVICES
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11
SCOPE - FITNESS FOR SERVICE & RISK BASED
INSPECTION (RBI)
API 579 Provides detailed assessment procedures for specific types of damage that are referenced in this
code.
The inspection code recognizes RBI concepts for determining inspection intervals.
API 580 provides guidelines for conducting a risk based assessment.
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TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Authorized Piping Inspector: is an employee of an authorized inspection agency who is qualified and
certified to perform the function specified in API 570. An NDE examiner is not required to be an authorized
piping inspector
Condition Monitoring Locations CMLs: Designated areas on piping systems where periodic
examinations are conducted

Corrosion Rate: The rate of metal loss due to erosion erosion/corrosion or the chemical reaction(s)
with the environment, either internal and /or external.

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13
TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Damage Mechanism: Any type of deterioration that can affect the

integrity of piping (e.g. corrosion, cracking, erosion, dents, and other
mechanical, physical or chemical impacts). See API 571 for a
comprehensive list and description of damage mechanisms.
Deadlegs: Components of piping system that normally have no

significant flow.
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14
TERMS & DEFINITIONS
External Inspection: A visual inspection performed from the outside of

a piping system to find conditions that could impact the piping systems’
ability to maintain pressure integrity or conditions that compromise the
integrity of the coating and insulation covering, the supporting structures
and attachments
Fitness For Service Evaluation: A methodology whereby flaws and
other deterioration/damage contained within piping systems are assessed in
order to determine the structural integrity of the piping for continued
service.
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TERMS & DEFINITIONS
General Corrosion: Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly

over the surface of the piping, as opposed to being localized in nature.
In Service Inspection: All inspection activities associated with piping

after it has been initially placed in service
Inspection: The external, internal, or on-stream evaluation (or any

combination of the three) of piping condition conducted by the authorized
inspector or his/her designee.
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TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Inspection Plan: A documented plan for detailing the scope, methods
and timing of the inspection activities for piping systems, which may
include recommended repair, and/or maintenance.
Localized Corrosion: Deterioration, e.g. corrosion that is confined to a
limited area of the metal surface.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP): The maximum internal
pressure permitted in the piping system for continued operation at the most severe
condition of coincident internal or external pressure and temperature (minimum or
maximum) expected during service.
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TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Minimum Required Thickness: The thickness without corrosion

allowance for each component of a piping system based on the appropriate
design code calculations and code allowable stress that consider pressure,
mechanical and structural loadings.
On Stream Inspection: An inspection performed from the outside of

piping systems while they are on-stream using NDE procedures to establish
the suitability of the pressure boundary for continued operation.
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TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Risk Based Inspection (RBI): A risk assessment and risk management process that is focused on
inspection planning for piping systems for loss of containment in processing facilities, which considers both
the probability of failure and consequence of failure due to material deterioration.
Soil-To-Air Interface: An area in which external corrosion may occur on partially buried pipe.
2/9/17
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TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Structural Minimum Thickness: Minimum thickness without corrosion

allowance, based on structural and other loadings.
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INSPECTION PLANS
Development of an Inspection Plan
An inspection plan shall be established for all piping systems within the
scope of this code.
The inspection plan is developed from the analysis of several sources of
data.
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INSPECTION PLANS
Minimum Contents of an Inspection Plan
Define the type(s) of inspection needed, e.g. internal, external, on-stream

Identify the next inspection date for each inspection type
Describe the inspection methods and NDE techniques
Describe the extent and locations of inspection and NDE at CMLs
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RBI
RBI can be used to determine inspection intervals and the type and extent of future
inspection/examinations.
Probability Assessment
The probability assessment shall be in accordance with API 580 and shall be
based on all forms of damage that could reasonably be expected to affect
equipment in any particular service.
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RBI
Consequence Assessment
The consequence of a release is dependent on type and amount of process
fluid contained in the equipment
Frequency of RBI Assessment
The assessment shall be updated after each equipment inspection as

defined in API 580. The RBI assessment shall also be updated each time
process or hardware changes are made or after any event occurs that could
significantly affect damage rates or damage mechanisms.
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INSPECTION PLANS
Inspection for Types & Locations
of Damage Modes of Deterioration &
Failure
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INSPECTION PLANS
Equipment Damage Types
Damage Type Damage Mechanism
General and local metal loss Sulfidation
Oxidation
Microbiologically influenced corrosion Organic acid corrosion
Erosion/erosion-corrosion
Galvanic corrosion
CUI
Surface connected cracking Fatigue

Caustic stress corrosion cracking
Sulfide stress cracking
Chloride stress corrosion cracking
Polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking Other forms of environmental cracking
Subsurface cracking Hydrogen induced cracking

Metallurgical changes Graphitization
Temper embrittlement
Blistering Hydrogen blistering
Material properties changes Brittle fracture
NOTE API 571 has a much more complete listing and description of damage mechanisms experienced in the refining and petrochemical industry.
2/9/17
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INSPECTION PLANS
Areas of Deterioration For Piping Systems
Injection points and mix points

Deadlegs
CUI
Soil to Air Interfaces
Service Specific & Localized Corrosion
Erosion, Corrosion, & Erosion/Corrosion
Fatigue Cracking
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INSPECTION PLANS
General Types of Inspection & Surveillance
Internal Visual Inspection CUI Inspection

On-Stream Inspection Vibrating Piping Inspection
Thickness Measurement Inspection Supplemental Inspection
External Visual Inspection Injection Point Inspection
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INSPECTION PLANS
CMLs
CMLs are specific areas along the piping circuit where inspections are to be made.
The minimum thickness at each CML can be located by ultrasonic scanning or radiography.
The rate of corrosion/ damage shall be determined from successive measurements and the next inspection
interval appropriately established.
CMLs should be marked on inspection drawings and on the piping system to allow repetitive measurements
at the same CMLs. This recording procedure provides data for more accurate corrosion rate determination.
Careful identification of CMLs and examination points are necessary to enhance the accuracy and
repeatability of the data.
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INSPECTION PLANS
Condition Monitoring Methods

UT and RT
As a general rule, each of the NDE techniques will have practical limits with
respect to accuracy .
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INSPECTION PLANS
Other NDE Techniques for Piping Systems
Magnetic Particle
Liquid Penetrant
Flux Leakage
Eddy Current
Acoustic Emission
Thermography
Long Range UT (GUL – Guided Ultrasonic Longwave)
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INTERVAL / FREQUENCY & EXTENT OF
INSPECTION
General
To ensure equipment integrity, all piping systems and
pressure-relieving devices shall be inspected at the
intervals/ frequencies provided in this section.
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Inspection Intervals
If RBI is not being used, the interval between piping inspections shall be
established and maintained using the following criteria:
Corrosion rate and remaining life calculations
Piping service classification
Applicable jurisdictional requirements
Based on operating conditions, previous inspection history, current
inspection results, and conditions that may warrant supplemental inspections.
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INTERVAL / FREQUENCY & EXTENT OF INSPECTION
Inspection Intervals
The owner/user or the inspector shall establish inspection intervals for

thickness measurements and external visual inspections and, where applicable,
for internal and supplemental inspections.
Thickness measurements should be scheduled at intervals that do not exceed

the lesser of one half the remaining life determined from corrosion rates
indicated or the maximum intervals recommended in Table 2. Shorter
intervals may be appropriate under certain circumstances.
2/9/17
INTERVAL / FREQUENCY & EXTENT OF 34
INSPECTION
Piping Service Classes
All process piping systems shall be categorized into

different piping classes.
2/9/17
35
Class 1
Services with the highest potential of resulting in an immediate emergency if a leak were to occur are in Class 1 .
Class 2
Services not included in other classes are in Class 2. This classification includes the majority of unit process
piping and selected off-site piping.
Class 3
Services that are flammable but do not significantly vaporize when they leak and are not located in high-
activity areas.
Class 4
Services that are essentially nonflammable and nontoxic .

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Extent of Visual External & CUI Inspections
External visual inspections, including inspections for CUI, should be

conducted at maximum intervals listed in Table 2 to evaluate items such as
those in API 574.
2/9/17
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Extent of Thickness Measurement Inspection
To satisfy inspection interval requirements, each thickness

measurement inspection should obtain thickness readings on a
representative sampling of CMLs on each circuit.
2/9/17
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Recommended Maximum Inspection Intervals

Type of Circuit Thickness Measurements Visual External
Class 1 Five years Five years
Class 2 10 years Five years
Class 3 10 years 10 years
Class 4 Optional Optional
Injection points a Three years By class
S/A b — By class
NOTE Thickness measurements apply to systems for which CMLs have been established in accordance with 5.6.
a Inspection intervals for potentially corrosive injection/mix points can also be established by a valid RBI analysis in
accordance with API 580.
b
See API RP 574 for more information on S/A interfaces.
2/9/17
INTERVAL / FREQUENCY & EXTENT 39
OF INSPECTION
Recommended Maximum Inspection Intervals
Pipe Class Approximate Amount of Follow-up Examination Approximate Amount of CUI Inspection by
with NDE or Insulation Removal at Areas with NDE at Suspect Areas on Piping Systems
Damaged Insulation within Susceptible Temperature Ranges as
indicated in API 574
1 75% 50%
2 50% 33%
3 25% 10%
4 Optional Optional
2/9/17
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INSPECTION DATA EVALUATION,
ANALYSIS & RECORDING
Corrosion Rate Determination
Remaining Life Calculation
Long Term Corrosion Rate
Short Term Corrosion Rate
Long term and short term corrosion rates should be compared to see which
results in the shortest remaining life as part of the data assessment.
2/9/17
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INSPECTION DATA EVALUATION,
ANALYSIS & RECORDING
MAWP Determination
The wall thickness used in these computations shall be the actual thickness as
determined by inspection minus twice the estimated corrosion loss before the
date of the next inspection
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INSPECTION DATA EVALUATION, ANALYSIS
& RECORDING
Required Thickness Determination
The required thickness of a pipe shall be the greater of the pressure design
thickness or the structural minimum thickness.
Assessment of Inspection Findings
Pressure containing components found to have degradation that could affect

their load carrying capability shall be evaluated for continued service.
Fitness-For-Service techniques may be used for this evaluation.
2/9/17
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INSPECTION DATA EVALUATION, ANALYSIS &
RECORDING
Types of Piping Records
Fabrication, Construction & Design Information
Inspection History
Repair, Alteration & Re-rating Information
Fitness-For-Service Assessment
2/9/17
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Questions?
2/9/17
II- PIPING INSPECTION

46
API 570 COVERS IN-SERVICE

INSPECTION OF PIPING
To fit in with the philosophy of ANSI B31.3

‘DESIGN CODE FOR PROCESS PIPING’
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The scope of API 570
Mandatory: Almost any Optional:

•Water,steam and condensate
metallic piping system: •Piping related to mechanical
•Raw and finished oil products equipment
•Raw and finished chemical •(pumps/compressors etc)
products •Pressure vessels
•Hydrogen/fuel/flare gas systems
•Domestic sewers etc
•Sour/waste systems etc
•Everything< ½ in dia
•Non-metallic piping
2/9/17
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API 570 inspection
Practices
Checks are needed for specific types of corrosion and cracking:
1. Injection points
2. Dead legs
3. CUI
4. Soil /Air(S/A) interfaces
5. Erosion and erosion/corrosion
6. Corrosion under linings We’ll look at some of
7. Fatigue cracking these in more detail
8. Creep cracking
9. Brittle fracture
2/9/17
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INJECTION POINTS
Why is particular inspection attention (and TMLs)

needed at injection points ?
….and what are TMLs anyway

2/9/17
50
INJECTION POINT
INSPECTION AREAS
12in or 3D upstream
2nd change of
flow
direction
This area is
known as: The downstream (or 7.6m
IPC(‘injection after the first change)
point circuit’)
2/9/17
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API 570 INSPECTION METHODS
TMLs
External (4
visual quadrants))
Intern
al
visual
s API 570 : Piping Inspector Course
2/9/17
52
DEADLEGS
Corrosion rates are

higher
around deadlegs
Deadleg
Redundant deadlegs
should be removed
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
2/9/17
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
Almost total wastage of

bolts
2/9/17
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
API identifies the areas that are most
susceptible to CUI
Near steam vents

and deluge systems
Mist from
Acid vapours
cooling towers
2/9/17
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
•All LCS pipework operating continually at –4<t<120 deg C
•LCS pipework operating> 120 deg C BUT INTERMITTENTLY
•Austenitic Stainless steel at 65-205 Deg C (for SCC)
•Piping systems that vibrate a lot (insulation becomes damaged)
•Piping systems with damaged wrappings

2/9/17
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CORROSION UNDER FIXED LININGS
In general ,API does not require

removal of linings for inspections…
AS LONG AS THE LINING IS IN
GOOD CONDITION
BUT
2/9/17
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SOIL/AIR INTERFACES
All interfaces without cathodic protection
2/9/17
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CORROSION UNDER
INSULATION (CUI)
The API 570 rule is that you should inspect areas for CUI where the
insulation is damaged
2/9/17
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RECOMMENDED EXTENT OF
CUI EXAMINATION(BY CLASS)
% NDT on % NDT on
Type of areas with suspect areas
circuit damaged within CUI
insulation temperature
range
Class 1 75% 50%
Class 2 50% 33%
Class 3 25% 10%
2/9/17
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EROSION AND EROSION-CORROSION

LOCATIONS
2/9/17
TMLS FOR 64
EROSION/CORROSION
Downstream of ………..
•Control valves (especially when there is ‘flash-off’

•Orifice plate
•Pump discharges
•Elbows
•Pipe features that produce turbulence
2/9/17
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EROSION/CORROSION
An
example
2/9/17
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EROSION/CORROSION
Erosion/Corrosion
after flow-restriction
features
2/9/17
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STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING (SCC)
Rule:
In most circumstances,SCC is due to
Chlorides attacking stainless steel
2/9/17
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STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING (SCC)
SCC ON A GAS PIPELINE COMPONENT
2/9/17
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STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING (SCC)
SCC ON A GAS PIPELINE
2/9/17
What is this? 70
2/9/17
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API 570 GUIDE ON REPAIR
PATCHES
25mm min radii

Repair patch D
Max D/2
Not permitted
2/9/17
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API 570 GUIDE ON REPAIR
PATCHES
Requires a full repair sleeve
Min 2D
2/9/17
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API 570 INSPECTION INTERVALS
The maximum permitted interval

depends on pipe ‘class’
Class 1::Highest risk/consequence

Class 2 : ‘Medium’ risk
Class 3: ‘Low’ risk
2/9/17
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MAXIMUM API INSPECTION
INTERVALS (BY CLASS)
Type of circuit Thickness External visual
measurements
Injection points 3 years By class
S/A interfaces - By class

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API 570 PIPING CLASSES
Class 1
Flammable services/flash-off leading to brittle fracture
Explosive vapours after flash-off
H2S gaseous
Hydrofluoric acid
Piping over public roads
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Class 2
Most other process piping
On-site hydrocarbons
H2, fuel gas and natural gas
On-site acid and caustics
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Class 3
Fluids that will not flash off (even if they are flammable)
Distillate/product storage/loading lines
Off-site acids and caustics
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API 570 SUMMARY
•API 570 specifies the main points to look for
•Remember the pipe classes (and their inspection periods)
•Simple wall thickness determination
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Questions?
2/9/17
III- PIPING MATERIAL

PIPING
PIPING MATERIALS
MATERIALS
Definition
Definition::
 piping components:
mechanical elements suitable for joining
or assembly into pressure tight fluid-
containing piping systems include
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:
 piping components includes:

 Pipe & tube
 Flange
 gaskets, bolting
 valves
 Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branch, connections, etc.)
 Special items such as expansion joints…
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:pipe
pipe&&tube
tubeclassification
classification
 Tube:
– Specify by two of
• Outside diameter
• Wall thickness:
 Pipe :
– Specify by two of
• NPS (Nominal Pipe Size)
• Wall Thickness (Schedule)
Tube : Heat conduction

Pipe : Fluid transferring
Material Spec. Services Max. Temp. Classifications
L&I Temp. 427 °C

A53, AI06 Carbon Steel
L&I Press. (800°F)
High Temp. 648 °C Low & Intermediate

A335, A691
I&H Press. (1200°F) Alloy Steel
Corrosive
648 °C Stainless Steels
A213, A312 Media, Purity
(1200°F) (High Alloy Steel) Ferrous
Maintenance
Material
High Temp
815°C Stainless Steels for
A312 (above 1200
(1500°F ') High Temperature
OF)
Low Temp &

204°C
A48, A395 Press., Cast Iron
(400°F)
Civil
L&I Temp,
343 °C Nickel & High Nickel
B161, B167 Corrosive
(650°F) Alloys
Media
Sea Water for

427°C Copper & Copper Non
.B466 etc Low Temp &
(800°F) Alloys
Press. Ferrous
Material
204 °C Aluminum &
.B21O etc Light Weight
(400°F) Aluminum Alloys Material
315°C Titanium & Titanium

etc 8337 Light Weight
(600°F) Alloys
Low Temp & 426°C

.D1527 etc Thermoplastic
Press (800°F)
Laminated
Low Temp & 149°C
.C582 etc Reinforced
Press (300°F)
Thermosetting Resin
Filament-Wound
Low Temp & 110°C
D2996 etc Thermosetting Resin
Press (230°F)
(GRP)
Non
U/G Piping
Metallic
AWWA for Low 93°C
Concrete
C300 etc. Temp & (200°F)
Press
Low Temp &

Press, 121°C
NR, NBR etc Rubber
Corrosive (250°F)
Media
230 °C
.C599 etc High Purity Maintenance Glass
(450°F)
Material
Material Specification
Specification
List
List
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:pipe
pipe&&tube
tubeclassification
classification
 Pipe:
─ NPS:
½”, ¾”, 1”, 1 ½”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 14”, 16”, 18”,
20”, 24”, 28”, 30”, 32”, 36”, 40”, 44”, 48” 52”, 56”, 60”
• NPS < 12, OD > NPS
• NPS ≥ 14, OD = NPS
─ NPS 1 ¼”, 2 ½”, 3 ½”, 5” not used
─ Pipe is supplied in
─ Random length (17 to 25 ft)
─ Double random length (38 to 48 ft)
─ Pipe end:
─ BE (bevel end)
─ PE (plain end)
─ TE or SC
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:pipe
pipe&&tube
tubeclassification
classification
Required Wall Thickness for Internal Pressure of Straight Pipe
IN
ASME B31.3
– t = Required thickness for internal pressure, mm

– D= Nominal outside diameter of pipe, mm
– P = Internal design pressure, psig
– S = Allowable stress in tension from appendix A table
A-1, psi
– E = Longitudinal-joint quality factor from appendix A,
table A-1B
– Y = stress-temperature compensating
– tm = Total minimum required wall thickness, mm
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:pipe
pipe&&tube
tubeclassification
classification
 Pipe classification:
─ Iron pipe size (approximate internal dia.)
─ Manufacturers’ weight: NPS +
• STD
• XS
• XXS
─ Schedule number: NPS +
• 5, 5s, 10, 10s, 20, 20s, 30, 40, 40s, 60, 80, 80s, 100, 120,
140, 160 Show
• SCH ≈ 1000 P/S
• NPS ≤ 10, SCH 40 = STD
• NPS ≤ 8, SCH 80 = XS
• Light wall = light gage = 5, 5s, 10, 10s
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Pipe
Pipe&&tube
tubemanufacturing
manufacturing
 Seamless
 Welded:
─ Longitudinal seam
• Single seam
• Double seam (NPS ≥ 36”)
─ Helical (spiral) seam

─ NPS ≥ 4 ½”
• 0.8 OD ≤ Skelp width ≤ 3.0 OD
• Submerged arc welding
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Pipe
Pipe&&tube
tubemanufacturing
manufacturing::other
otherpipe
pipe
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:pipe
pipe&&tube
tubeJointing
Jointing
 Method of joining pipe:

─ Butt weld
─ Socket weld
─ Threaded
─ Quick coupling
─ Flange
─ Special item
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 ASME B16.9
 Used in most piping systems NPS ≥ 2”
 Use generally not restricted
 Difficult in small sizes, especially for thin wall
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Size frequently limited to NPS≤ 1 ½” (ASME B16.11)

 Not used in “severe cyclic conditions” and in
services where corrosion is accelerated in crevices
 No weld metal can enter bore, easier alignment on
small line than butt-weld
 Tack is unnecessary
 Have not any leakage
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(threaded
(threaded==screwed)
screwed)
 Common materials
– Gray iron (ASME B16.4)
– Malleable iron (ASME B16.3)
– Steel (ASME B16.11)
─ Non-toxic, non-flammable, Generally not used where leaks
cannot be tolerated
─ NPS ≤ 1 ½” , pressure rating < 600, temperature < 625
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Flange used for

– Mate to equipment, vessels, valve, …
– When need periodic cleaning
– Flanges are normally used for pipe sizes above
NPS 1½”.
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Flange Rating Class:

– pressure/temperature combinations
– Seven classes (150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1,500,
2,500)
– Flange strength increases with class number
– The material specifications are grouped within
Material Group Numbers.
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Pressure - Temperature Ratings
 Material and design temperature combinations

that do not have a pressure indicated are not
acceptable.
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Flange Rating Class

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Flange Rating Class

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Type of flange end:

– Weld Neck Flanges
– Socket-Welded Flanges
– Threaded Flanges
– Slip-On Flanges
– Lapped Flanges
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Flange Facing Types

 Flat Faced
 Raised Face
 Ring Joint
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Welding neck flange

– Regular
– Long (used for vessel & equipment nozzle, rarely for
pipe
 Suitable where
– Extreme temperature
– Shear
– Impact and vibration
Stress apply
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Socket welding flange

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Threaded flange
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Slip-on flange
– Internal welds is slightly more subject to corrosion
than the butt-weld (0 – 1/16”)
– Poor resistance to shock and vibration
– Cheaper to buy, costlier to assemble
– Strength under internal pressure 1/3 of corresponding
welding neck flange
– Easier to align than the welding neck flange
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Reducing flange
– Specify by size of smaller pipe and outside diameter
of flange to be mate
• Ex/ RED FLG 4” × 11”
– Should not be used if abrupt transition would create
undesirable turbulence as at pump
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Expander flange
– Reducer + welding neck flange
– Increase pipe size to first or second large size
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Lap joint (van stone) flange

– If stub and flange are of the same material they will
be more expensive than a welding neck flange
– Economical for different material of stub and flange
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(special
(specialitem)
item)
 Spectacle blind
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Flange
Flange
 Blind flange
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Gasket
Gasket/ /Bolt
Bolt&&Not
Not
 Gasket:
– Resilient material
– Inserted between flanges
– Compressed by bolts to create seal
– Commonly used types
• Sheet
• Spiral wound
• Solid metal ring
• Insulation gasket
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Sheet
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Sheet
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Spiral wound
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Spiral wound
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Spiral wound
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Solid metal ring

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
 Insulation gasket
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(bolt)
(bolt)
 Bolt type:
– Stud bolt
• Easily remove if corroded
• Material can be readily made
– Machine bolt
 Has to be strong enough to seat the gasket
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(bolt)
(bolt)
 Tightening arrangement
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve
Valves
Valves
 Valve are use for
– Controlling process and utility service
– Isolating equipment or instrument for
maintenances
– Discharge gas, vapor or liquid
– Draining piping and equipment on
shutdown
– Emergency shutdown
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve
 Classify valves according to functions:

– Block flow (On / Off)
– Regulating (Throttle flow)
– Checking (Prevent flow reversal)
– Switching
– Discharging (pressure relive valve)
 Classify valves according to operating device:

– Manual
– Hydraulic
– Motor (electric and air operated)
– Solenoid
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(result)
(result)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve
 Type of valves:
– Ball valves
– Gate valves
– Globe valves
– Check Valves
– Plug valve
– Butterfly valves
– Pinch valve
– Needle valves
– Relief Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(ball
(ballvalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(ball
(ballvalve)
valve)
 Used for isolation (quick on / off)

 Soft-sealed ball valves are not normally used for
throttling service because the soft-seats are subject
to erosion or distortion/displacement caused by fluid
flow when the valve is in the partially open position.
 ADV: Low pressure drop, fast operating, bubble-tight
shut off, can be throttled Check Valves
 DISADV: Expensive, heavy, poor throttling
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(gate
(gatevalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(gate
(gatevalve)
valve)
 About 75% of all valves in process plants

 an optimum engineering and economic choice for on
or off service. (cutout or isolation valves)
 ADV: small pressure drop across valve
 DISADV: poor throttling characteristics
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(globe
(globevalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(globe
(globevalve)
valve)
 Most economic for throttling flow and used for flow

control
 Can be hand-controlled
 Provides “tight” shutoff
 Not suitable for scraping or rodding
 Too costly for on/off block operations
 ADV: excellent throttling characteristics
 DISADV: large pressure drop across the valve due to
the flow restriction (thus more pumping power is
required to move the fluid through the system.)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(globe
(globevalve)
valve)
Gate Vlv disk
Globe vlv disk/seat

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve
valve/ /swing
swingcheck
checkvalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve
valve/ /swing
swingcheck
checkvalve)
valve)
 Simple design
 Allows flow in one direction
 Can not be used as an isolation valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve
valve/ /ball
ballcheck
checkvalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve
valve/ /ball
ballcheck
checkvalve)
valve)
 Their low cost usually makes them the first

choice valves sized NPS 2 and smaller (available
in sizes NPS ½ through 2)
 Used when pressure drop is not a concern.
 The basic types are the straight-through- and
globe-type (90 change in direction)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve
valve/ /lift
liftcheck
checkvalve)
valve)
 are available in sizes from NPS ½ through 2 plants.

 They are most commonly used in the higher ASME
B16.5 ratings (Class 300 and greater) where tighter
shutoff is required.
 Valves of this type should only be used in clean
services.
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve)
valve)
Wafer
Wafer Check
Check Valve
Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve
valve/ /wafer
wafercheck
checkvalve)
valve)
 Valves of this type are placed between pipe flanges

and held in place by the compressive force between
the flanges and transmitted through the gaskets.
Tilting Check Arc Valve (Automatic Recirculation Valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:(check
(checkvalve)
valve)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(plug
(plugvalve)
valve)
Plug
Plug Valve
Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(butterfly
(butterflyvalve)
valve)
Butterfly
Butterfly Valve
Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(butterfly
(butterflyvalve)
valve)
 used as cutout/isolation valves

 ADV: quick-acting low pressure drop across the valve,
has adequate throttling characteristics
 DISADV: only used for low press/low temp systems
due to force involved in valve operation
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(pinch
(pinchvalve)
valve)
Pinch
Pinch Valve
Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve(needle
(needlevalve)
valve)
Needle
Needle Valve
Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:valve
valve
Relief
Relief Valve
Valve
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting
 Fitting produce change in geometry and include:
– Change in direction of piping
– Alter pipe diameter
– Terminate pipe
– Bring pipes together

(made branch from main pipe run)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Elbow (90, 45)

– Long reduce
• Curvature = 1 ½ NPS
• Long tangent: straight
extension at one end
– Short reduce
• curvature = NPS
 Reducing elbow:
– 90
– curvature = 1 ½ NPS larger end
Bend Ovality Buckling Tolerance
(limit 8% internal press) (PFI ES-24)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Return:
– Curvature = 1 ½ NPS
– Uses in:
• Vent on tanks
 Bend:
– Curvature = 4 - 6 NPS
– Made from seamless and ERW straight
pipe
– Two methods used to making bend
• Hot
• Cold
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Miter
– 2 piece (pressure drop ≈ 4-6 LR elbow)
– 3 piece (pressure drop ≈ 2 LR elbow)
– Low pressure line, NPS > 10” & pressure drop not important
– 90
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Reducer
– Eccentric
• Suction & discharge of pump
• support
– concentric
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Sewage :
– connect butt-welded piping to smaller socket-weld or
screwed
– Abrupt change of line size in butt-weld Type:
• Eccentric
• Concentric
• Venturi: Allows smoother flow
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Tee
– Straight (branch to the same size as the run)
– Reducing
• Branch smaller than the run
– Bullhead tee have branch larger than run &
seldom used and made to special order
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Cross
– Straight (branch to the same size as the run)
– Reducing (rarely used)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Lateral (manufacture in factory)

– Run inlet × run outlet × branch × angle respect
to outlet (6 × 6 × 4 × 45)
 Shape nipple (use template)

– Manufacture at shop
– Rarely use
– 90, 45
45
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Stub-in
– Welded directly in the side of the main pipe run
– Least expensive
– NPS ≥ 2”
– Cab be reinforced
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Weldolet
– Make a closer manifold that Tee
– Full size
– Reducing
– Flat
• Are available for connecting to pipe caps and
pressure vessel
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Elbolet: reducing tangent branch on elbow

 Latrolet : reducing, 45
 Sweepolet
– Good flow pattern and optimum stress
distribution
– 90 reducing from the main pipe
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(butt-weld)
(butt-weld)
 Closure
– Cap
– Flat closure
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Elbow (90, 45)

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Return:
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Reducer
 Reducer insert
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Sewage :
– Abrupt change of line size in butt-weld
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Full coupling
 Half coupling
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Union
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Tee
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Cross
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Lateral
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Sockolet
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Socket welding Elbolet

 Socket welding latrolet
 Nippolet
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(socket)
(socket)
 Cap
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Elbow (90, 45)

 Reducing elbow
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Reducer
 Reducer insert
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Sewage nipple
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Full coupling
 Half coupling
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Tee
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Nipple
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 cross
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 lateral
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Union
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Hexagon bushing
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Threadolet
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Threaded elbolet
 Threaded latrolet
 Threaded nippolet
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(thread)
(thread)
 Closure
– Cap
– plug
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(special
(specialitem)
item)
 Expansion joint (Bellows)

Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(special
(specialitem)
item)
 Expansion joint
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(special
(specialitem)
item)
 strainer
Cone type
:Strainer and Filter
Strainer (start up)
Basket type
strainer
Filter
Wye type
strainer
(Steam Trap) ‫تله بخار‬
‫تله بخار مکانیکی‬
Ball Float
Ball Float
Inverted Bucket
‫تله بخار ترموستاتيكی‬
Bimetallic
Balanced Pressure
‫تله بخار ترموديناميکی‬
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(piping
(pipingspecification)
specification)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(gasket)
(gasket)
Piping
Pipingcomponents:
components:Fitting
Fitting(branch
(branchconnection
connectionchart)
chart)
20
Questions? 1
Sécurité des appareils et canalisations sous

pression 2/9/17
IV-Fitness- For -Service (FFS) assessment
Sécurité des appareils et canalisations sous

2/9/17 202
pression
API 579 – Example 4.11
Pressure Vessel Information:
Design Conditions = 300 psig

@ 350 OF
Inside (new) Diameter = 48 inches
D
Nominal Thickness = 0.75 inches
Uniform Metal Loss = 0 inches (no general

corrosion)
Future Corrosion Allowance = 0.10 inches
FCA
Material = SA 516 Grade 70
Joint Efficiency = 0.85

PERFORM THE INITIAL CALCULATIONS
CALCULATE THE MINIMUM REQUIRED

THICKNESS:
Using the ASME VIII, Division 1
Code
In the Circumferential (hoop) Direction
P x ( R + FCA
tCmin )
= SE – 0.60 x
P
300 x ( 24 + 0.10 )
= 0.492
= 17500 x 0.85 – 0.60 x inches
300
In the Longitudinal ( axial ) Direction
P x ( R + FCA )
tLmin
= 2SE + 0.40 x P
300 x ( 24 + 0.10 )
= 0.242
= 2 x 17500 x 0.85 + 0.40 x 300 inches
tmin = Max ( tCmin, tLmin) = 0.492
inches
WE NOW KNOW THE REQUIRED MINIMUM
THICKNESS
This thickness which is tmin = 0.492 inches
WE MUST NOW CONSIDER THE ACTUAL CURRENT CONDITION

OF THE VESSEL WALL TO ASSESS ITS FUTURE USE
DURING A ROUTINE INSPECTION, AN AREA OF CORROSION IS

FOUND
WHAT DO WE DO NOW ?
1 WE DETERMINE THE AREA OF THIS CORROSION
2 WE MEASURE THE VARIOUS THICKNESSES IN THIS AREA
3 LET US NOW SEE HOW WE DO THIS

SURVEY METHOD
1 Find the corrosion area – Identify it
2 Overlay a Grid with nodes at the intersections 1.5 inches
pitch
3 Label the grid Circumferential and Longitudinal
Gridlines
4 Measure thicknesses at every NODE – tabulate the
results C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
NOW TABULATE THE VALUES
1 Set out the table of node thicknesses
2 Find the CTP for the Circumference
Thicknesses
3 Find the CTP for the Longitudinal
Thicknesses
4 Complete the CTP values
5 Determine minimum thickness tmm = 0.36
inches
0.75
0.48
0.55
0.36
0.48
049
0.75
0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7

5 8 7 5 6 8 9 5
WE NOW HAVE THE COMPLETED CTP
TABLE
0.75
0.48
0.55
0.36
0.48
049
0.75
0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7
5 8 7 5 6 8 9 5
Minimum measured thickness tmm = 0.36

CONTINUE WITH THE CALCULATION
Find the Remaining Thickness Ratio (Rt):

tmm -
Rt = 0.36 - 0.10 = 0.528
FCAtmi 0.49
=
n
Allowable Remaining 2
Strength Factor (RSFa):
Section 2.4.2.2(d) states: “Recommended

value for RSFa is 0.90 … which is
conservative…..”
RSFa = 0,90
Remaing Thickness Ratio Rt =

0.528
Allowable Remaining Strength Factor RSFa =
0,90
Calculate the ‘Q’ factor (or read from Table 4.4):
1 - Rt
Q = 1.123 [1(- Rt / RSFa )2 - 1
]0.5
1 - 0.528
= 1.123 [1( - 0.528 / 0.90 )2 - 1 ]0.5
= 0.619
Remaing Thickness Ratio R =

0.528
0,90
Factor Q
= 0.619
Calculate Length for thickness averaging (L):
L=Q D x tmin
= 0.619 48 x 0.492
= 3.0 inches
0.528
0,90
Factor Q =
0.619
Length for thickness averaging L = 3.0
inches
Longitudinal Critical Thickness Profile
CTP
FCA
tmin = 0.492”
L
s = flaw
Flaw dimension s = 8.71 inches
dimension
L is considered for the 3 thinnest points (see

0.528
0,90
Factor Q =
0.619
inches
Flaw dimension s = 8.71
inches
We need not consider the Longitudinal CTP
becausetLmin < tmm -
FCA
0.242” < 0.36” - 0.10” ( =
0.26”)
We are now only concerned with the profile within
the flaw distance L taking the three thinnest
adjacent points

inches
Divide into equal slices using the Grid Pitch
Dimension the L length and pitches
Longitudinal Critical Thickness Profile (CTP) within length

L 0.49
0.55 tmm 0.48
0.47 0.36
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

” ” ” ”
L = 3.0”
Longitudinal Critical Thickness Profile (CTP) within length
L 0.49
0.55 tmm 0.48
0.47 0.36
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

” ” ” ”
L = 3.0”
Calculate the Average Thickness (tam) over
length L
This is done by taking the area and dividing by
L: (0.55 + 0.36 + 0.36 + 0.48) x
tam = 0.438
1.5
= 2 x L ( = 3.0) inches
Per paragraph
4.4.2.1.f.1:
tam - FCA = 0.438 - 0.10 = 0.338
inches
tCmin =
0.492
tam inches
- FCA > tCmin is
FALSE
Per paragraph
4.4.2.1.f.2:
tmm - FCA = 0.36 - 0.10 = 0.26
inches
Max(-.5tmin, 0.10) = Max(0.246, 0.10) = 0.246
inches
tmm - FCA > Max(0.246, 0.10) is
TRUE
BECAUSE ONE CONDITION IS FALSE, LEVEL 1
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ARE NOT SATISFIED !
BECAUSE ONE CONDITION IS FALSE, LEVEL 1
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ARE NOT SATISFIED !
We can derate the MAWP based on Level 1
assessment
Using the formula in ASME for pressure:
Set t = tam - FCA in the equation = 0.338

inches
SEt
MAWP =
Rc +
0.60.t
17500 x 0.85 x 0.338
= 24.10 + 0.60 x 0.338
= 207 psi
Therefore MAWP is derated from 300 psi down to

207 psi
207 psi
This is based upon the LEVEL 1 assessment !
WE CAN PERFORM A LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENT

TO PERFORM A MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS
Per paragraph
4.4.3.2.1.a.1:
tam - FCA = 0.438 - 0.10 = 0.338
inches
RSFa x tCmin = 0.90 x 0.492 = 0.443
inches
tam - FCA > RSFa x tCmin is FALSE
Per paragraph
4.4.3.2.1.b:
tamm - FCA = 0.36 - 0.10 = 0.260
inches
Max(0.5.tmin, 0,1) = Max(0.246, 0.1) = 0.246
inches
tamm - FCA > Max(0.5.tmin,0.1) is
Because LEVEL 2 assessment criteria are not met,

we must re-evaluate the MAWP according to
LEVEL 2 requirements.
We can derate the MAWP based on Level 2
assessment
Using the formula in ASME for pressure:
Set tc = (tam - FCA) / RSFa in the

equation
= (0.438 - 0.10) / 0.90 =
0.376 inchesSEt
MAWP =
Rcc+ 0.60.tc
17500 x 0.85 x 0.376
= 24.10 + 0.60 x 0.376
= 230 psi
230 psi

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Presentation API 570 PDF

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I- API 570: SCOPE,

22st - 24th November 2016 | Tunisia,

Plus que 10 ans d’expérience dans le domaine pétrolier

Expert Agréé du ministère de l’industrie tunisienne:

Ingénieur expert API 510, API 570, API 653

Ingénieur expert en Corrosion et Revêtement CSWIP 2/3

NS-2/DS-1 drill pipe and Rigs senior inspector

2/9/17 API 570 : Piping Inspector Course 3

Three-days course covering a comprehensive introduction to the in-service

Alteration of Piping Systems

Terms & definitions

Interval / frequency & extent of inspection

Inspection data evaluation, analysis & recording

Rating, repair, alteration procedures for metallic &

 Specify the in-service inspection and condition

 Monitoring program that is needed to determine the integrity of piping.

Applies to piping systems for:

• Similar flammable or toxic fluid services

OPTIONAL PIPING SYSTEMS & FLUID SERVICES

API 580 provides guidelines for conducting a risk based assessment.

examinations are conducted

with the environment, either internal and /or external.

Damage Mechanism: Any type of deterioration that can affect the

Deadlegs: Components of piping system that normally have no

External Inspection: A visual inspection performed from the outside of

General Corrosion: Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly

In Service Inspection: All inspection activities associated with piping

Inspection: The external, internal, or on-stream evaluation (or any

Minimum Required Thickness: The thickness without corrosion

On Stream Inspection: An inspection performed from the outside of

the probability of failure and consequence of failure due to material deterioration.

Structural Minimum Thickness: Minimum thickness without corrosion

Development of an Inspection Plan

Minimum Contents of an Inspection Plan

Define the type(s) of inspection needed, e.g. internal, external, on-stream

The assessment shall be updated after each equipment inspection as

Inspection for Types & Locations

of Damage Modes of Deterioration &

Surface connected cracking Fatigue

Subsurface cracking Hydrogen induced cracking

Injection points and mix points

General Types of Inspection & Surveillance

Internal Visual Inspection CUI Inspection

Condition Monitoring Methods

The owner/user or the inspector shall establish inspection intervals for

Thickness measurements should be scheduled at intervals that do not exceed

Piping Service Classes

All process piping systems shall be categorized into

Services that are essentially nonflammable and nontoxic .

Extent of Visual External & CUI Inspections

External visual inspections, including inspections for CUI, should be

Extent of Thickness Measurement Inspection

To satisfy inspection interval requirements, each thickness

Recommended Maximum Inspection Intervals

Recommended Maximum Inspection Intervals

Long Term Corrosion Rate

Short Term Corrosion Rate

date of the next inspection

Pressure containing components found to have degradation that could affect

Types of Piping Records

Fabrication, Construction & Design Information

Repair, Alteration & Re-rating Information

2/9/17 API 570 : Piping Inspector Course 45