Co Hoc Ket Cau 1

'
:I
I
~ .. I •
---------- ---- -
BO. GIAO DUC .

. VA DAO TAO
DAI
. HOC
. CONG NGHE. TP.HCM
CO' uoc KET cAu 1 •
Bien Soc;,n:
ThS. Vo Minh Thi~n
ThS. Tr·an Hii'u Huy
www.hutech.edu.vn
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
*1.2018.EGM102*
CO' HQC KET CAU 1
An ban 2018
Cac y kien dong gop ve tai /i~u hQC t?p nay, xin gili ve e-mail cua ban bien t?p:
tailieuhoctap@hutech. edu. vn
-;
I
;?_,
____ _j -
MI,IC LI,IC
. LUC
MUC-.
Ml,.le Ll,.le ...................................................................................................................1
HU'6'NG DAN .......................................................................................................... Ill
BAI 1: TONG QUAN v·E ca HQe KET eAu ..................................................................... 1
1.1 f>OI TU'Q'NG 8r. NHieM Vl,.l euA MQN HQe ............................................................. 1
1.1.1 Doi tu(jng nghien c(lu va nhi~m Vf.:l cua m6n h9c ................................................ 1
1.1.2 Nhi~m Vf.:l cua m6n h9c .................................................................................... 1
1.1.3 Cck bai toan m6n h9c giai quyet ....................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Vf trf cua mon h9c ........................................................................................... 2
1.2 SO'f>O TINH euA CCNG TRiNH ............................................................................ 2
1.2.1 Sd do tfnh cua c6ng trinh ................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 eac gia thiet de tfnh toan va nguyen ly cc;ing tac d1.,1ng ......................................... 4
1.3 PHAN LO~I eONG TRiNH .................................................................................... 5
1.3.1 Phan lo<;~i theo sd do tfnh .................................................................................. 5
1.3.2 Phan lo<;~i theo phudng phap tfnh ....................................................................... 6
1.3.3 Phan lo<;~i theo kfch thLiac tLidng doi cua cac cau ki~n ........................................... 7
1.3.4 Phan lo<;~i theo kM nang thay doi hinh d<;~ng hin.h hQc ........................................... 7
1.4 eAe NGUYEN NHAN GAY RA NQI Ll/e, BIEN D~NG VA eHUYEN VJ ........................ 7
1.4.1 Tai tr9ng: Tai tr9ng gay ra n9i 11/c, bien d<;~ng va chuyen vf trong ... ket cau ............. 7
1.4.2 51/ thay doi nhi~t d9: chfnh Ia sl/ thay doi nhi~t d9 tac d1.,1ng len ... ra n6 . ............... 8
1.4.3 ehuyen vf cuong b(/c cua cac goi tlja (fun) va do eM' t<;~o lap rap kh6ng chfnh xac ... 8
eAU HOI ON T~P ...................................................................................................... 9
BAI 2: PHAN TieH eAU T~O HiNH HQe euA KET eAU PHANG ................................... 10
2.1 eAe KHAI NleM ................................................................................................ 10
2.1.1 H~ bat bien hinh (BBH): ................................................................................. 10
2.1.2 H~ khong bat bien hinh .................................................................................. 11
2.1.3 B~c tl/ do: Ia cac thong so dc;ic l~p dude xac dfnh vf trf cua m9t ... dfnh khac . ....... 12
2.2 eAe LO~I LIEN KET vA PHAN Ll/e LIEN KET ...................................................... 12
2.2.1 Lien ke't ddn gian: Ia lien ket noi hai mieng c(/ng vai nhau .................................. 12
2.2.2 eac lo<;~i lien ke't ddn gian ............................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Lien ket ph(lc t<;~p: La lien ket n6'i nhteu mieng cOng vai nhau, ... hdn hai.............. 14
2.3 eACH NOI eAe MIENG eU'NG THANH MQT He BAT BIEN HiNH ........................... 15
2.3.1 NO'i m9t diem (mat) vao m9t mieng cOng thanh h~ BBH ..................................... 15
2.3.2 each noi hai mieng c(/ng thanh M BBH ............................................................ 16
2.3.3 each n6'i ba mieng c(lng thanh h~ BBH ............................................................. 16
2.3.4 each noi nhieu mieng c(/ng thanh h~ BBH ........................................................ 17
2.3.5 Truong h(jp d~c bi?t: H~ dan .......................................................................... 19
2.4 eAe Vi 01,.1 MINH HQA ....................................................................................... 20
eAU HOI ON T~P .................................................................................................... 26
BAI 3: PHAN TieH NQI Ll/e TRONG KET eAU TiNH f>JNH eHJU ... BAT f>QNG ............ 28
3.1 eACH xAe f>JNH NQI LI/C VA VE NHANH BIEU f>O NQI Ll/e ... BAT f>QNG ........... 28
3.1.1 N9i ltjc ......................................................................................................... 28
3.1.2 Bieu do n9i 11/C .............................................................................................. 31
JIIU[III~M_V_C_L_V_C_________________________________________________________
3.2 H~ ~AM VA KHUNG ........................................................................................... 38
3.2.1 Dam adn gian ................................................................................................ 38
3.2.2 Khung Cfdn gian .............................................................................................. 43
3.3 H~ BA KH6'P .................................................................... 50
00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 Phan tfch cau t?O h~ ....................................................................................... 50

3.3.2 Car. vf d1,1 ve h~ ba khap .................................................................................. 51
3.4 H~ GHEP ........................................................................................................... 55
3.4.1 Phan tfch h~ ............................................................................................... , .. 55
3.4.2 Nguyen tac lam vi~c cua h~ ghep .......................... , .......................................... 56
3.4.3 Tfnh toan h~ ghep .......................................................................................... 51
3.4.4 Cac vf dl,l ve h~ ghep ...................................................................................... 51
3.5 H~ DAN DAM ..................................................................................................... 62
3.5.1 Phan tfch h~ .................................................................................................. 62
3.5.2 Xac Cf[nh n(Ji /t,lc trong cac thanh dan ................................................................ 63
3.6 H~ CO H~ THONG MAT TRUYEN Ll/C .................................................................. 68
3.6.1 Phan tfch cau t?O h~ ....................................................................................... 68
3. 6.2 Tfnh h~ c6 h~ thOng mat truyen lt,lc .................................................................. 69
3.6.3 vr dl,l h~ c6 h~ thffng mat truyen lt,lc ................................................................. 70
c.A.u H6I ON T~P .................................................................................................... 71
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI Ll/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH f>JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG 73
4.1 cAc KHAI NI~M ................................................................................................ 73
4.1.1 Tai tr9ng di CJ(Jng va nguyen tac tfnh h~ ch[u tai trQng di a(Jng ............................. 73
4.1.2 fJinh nghia aliang anh htiong ........................................................................... 74
4.1.3 Cac quy liac khi ve C!tiong anh htiong ............................................................... 74
4.1.4 Nguyen tac ve C!Lfong anh hLfong ...................................................................... 74
4.1. 5 y nghia va th(/ nguyen cua tung CJ9 C!tiong anh hliong .................. ....................... 76
4.1.6 D<;~ng C!L/ong anh htiong ................................................................................... 77
4.2 aU'CrNG ANH HU'ONG TRONG H~ DAM, KHUNG f>O'N GIAN .................................. 77
4.2.1 f)Lfong anh htiong trong dam cong-xon ............................................................. 77
4.2.2 f)Lfong anh htiang trong dam Cfdn gian c6 Cfau thlla ............................................ 80
4.2.3 f)Lfong anh hl.fong trong h~ khung Cfdn gian ....................................................... 84
4.3 aU'CrNG ANH HU'ONG TRONG H~ DAN ................................................................ 86
4.3.1 f)Lfong anh htiong phan lt,lc.............................................................................. 86
4.3.2 f)Lfong anh hl.fong /t,lc dQC trong cac thanh dan .................................................. 86
4.4 aU'CrNG ANH HU'ONG TRONG H~ GHEP .............................................................. 91
4.4.1 Nguyen tac chung .......................................................................................... 91
4.4.2 each ve C!Lfong anh hLfong ............................................................................... 91
4.5 aU'CrNG ANH HU'ONG TRONG H~ CO H~ THONG TRUYEN Ll/C ............................. 93
4.6 eACH xAc f>JNH cAc a~I LU'Q'NG NGHIEN c(J'u TU'O'NG UNG ... ANH HU'ONG ..... 94
4. 6.1 Tai tr9ng t?Jp trung ......................................................................................... 94
4.6.2 Tai tr9ng phan bff........................................................................................... 96
4.6.3 Momen t?Jp trung ........................................................................................... 98
c.A.u HOI ON T~P .................................................................................................. 100
TAI LI~U THAM KHAO ........................................................................................... 102
_?_ I
I
HUCJNG DAN II II
HliONG DAN
MOTA MON HQC
Cd hQC ket cau Ia m9t trong nhU'ng mon hQC cung cap kien thuc cd bim cho sinh
vien nganh Xay dlfng, giao thong, thuy lqi, .... Mon h<;>c trang bj Cck kien thuc can
thfet de giai quyet Cck bai toan lien quan tU khau thiet ke, tham djnh den thi cong Va
de nghien CUU CclC mon hQC ky thu~t CUa chuyen nganh.
Bai giang Cd h<;>c ket cau 1 du'QC bien so9n nham giup cac ky su' va sinh vien
nghien CUU, luy~n t~p kha nang phan tfch tfnh chat chju life cua ket cau, each phan
tfch ni;li life cua cac ket cau tinh djnh chju tai tr<;>ng bat di;lng va tai tn;mg di di;>ng.
NQI DUNG MON HQC

- Bai 1. Tong quan ve Cd h<;>c ket cau. Bai nay trlnh bay doi tu'qng nghien cuu va
nhi~m Vl,l cua mon Cd h<;>c ket cau, sd do tfnh cua cong trlnh va phan lo9i tai tr<;>ng
tac dl,lng len cong trlnh.
- Bai 2: Phan tfch cau t90 hlnh h<;>c cua h~ ket cau phang. Bai nay giup h<;>c vien tim
hieu khai ni~m ve h~ bat bien hlnh (BBH), h~ bien hlnh (BH) va h~ bien hlnh We
thai (BHTT). Tu d6, giup h<;>c vien biet each cau t90 h~ ket cau dam bao c6 kha
nang chju life du'qc We Ia th6a man tfnh chat cua h~ BBH.
- Bai 3: Phan tfch ni;li life cua h~ ket cau phang tinh djnh chju tai tr<;>ng bat di;>ng. Ni;li
dung chu yeu cua bai nay trlnh bay each xac djnh ni;li life cua cac h~ ket cau tinh
djnh nhu': h~ khung, h~ ghep, h~ ba khop, h~ dan, ... voi gia thiet tai tr<;>ng tac
d1,1ng tinh.
- Bai 4: Phan tfch ni;li life cua h~ ket cau phang tinh djnh chju tai tr<;>ng di di;lng. Bai
nay trlnh bay khai ni~m Ve du'ong anh hu'ong CUa d9i lu'qng nghien CUu S khi h~
chju tai tr<;>ng di di;>ng. Tu du'ong anh hu'ong, ta c6 the xac djnh du'QC gia trj cac d9i
lu'qng nghiem CUU S (n()i ll/C, phitn hjc, ... ) h~ ket cau tinh djnh chju tai tr<;>ng di d()ng.
• , , , HUaNG DAN
KIEN THUC TIEN f)E

Mon hQC Cd hQC ket cau 1 doi hoi sinh vit~n c6 nen tang ve mon Cd hQC cd so, Sue
ben v~t li~u 1.
vEu c:au MON HQ·c

Ngu'oi hQC phai dlf hQC day du cac buoi len lop va lam bai t~p day du 0 nha.
eACH TIEP NH~N NQI DUNG MON HQC

De hQC tot mon nay, ngu'oi hQC can on t~p cac bai da hQC, tra loi cac cau hoi va
lam day du bai t~p; dQC tru'oc bai moi va t]m them C<k thong tin lien quan den bai hQC.
Doi voi m6i bai hQC, ngu'oi hQC dc;>c tru'oc ml,IC tieu va tom tat bai hQC, sau d6 dQC
n(li dung bai hQC. Ket thuc m6i y cua bai hQC, ngu'oi dQC tra loi cau hoi on t~p va ket
thuc toan bQ bai hQC, ngu'oi dQC lam cac bai t~p.
PHUONG PHAP aANH GIA MON HQC

Mon hQc du'qc dimh gia gom:
- Diem qua trlnh: 50%. Hlnh thuc va n(li dung do GV quyet djnh, phu hqp voi quy
che dao t~O va tlnh hlnh thl,(C te t~i ndi to ChUC hQC t~p.
- Diem thi: 50%. Hlnh thuc bai thi tlf lu~n trong 90 phut. N(li dung gom cck bai t~p
thu(lc bai thu 1 den bai thu 4.
1 -,
-I
BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU
BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE co HQC

KET cAu
Sau khi hQe xong bai nay, hQe vien e6 the:
- Hieu Cfu'qc Cfoi tu'qng, nhi~(TI Vt,J va Cik gia thie't Cfu'qc su dt,~ng Cfoi VGi mon hQc;
- GiGi thi~u ve sd ao tfnh cua cong trinh;
- Phan loqi c{jng trinh theo sd C/o tfnh, theo each tfnh cong trinh;
- Nam auqc each su dt,~ng nguyen /y c()ng tile dt,~ng khi tfnh toan Cf?i lu'qng nghien dtu.
1.1 f)QI TltQ'NG & NHI~M vv CUA MON HQC
1.1.1 f>oi tu'qng nghien CUU va nhi~m VI} CUa mon hQC
f>oi tu'c;J'ng nghien cuu: Ia v~t ran bien d9ng dan hoi, tile Ia e6 the thay doi hlnh
dc;mg du'oi tck dt,mg eua eae nguyen nhan ben ngoai.
Phl{lm vi nghien cuu: eua man ed hQe ket diu Ia giong man sue ben v~t li~u
nhu'ng gom nhieu eau ki~n lien ket li;li voi nhau. Do v~y, trong ket eau hay dung ten
gQi Ia h~ ket eau.
1.1.2 Nhi~m VI} cua mon hQC

Nhi~m Vl,l ehu yeu eua man ed hQe ket eau Ia xae djnh n9i h,(e, bien di;lng va
ehuyen vj trong cong trlnh nham xay dl,(ng cang trlnh th6a man cac yeu cau sau:
Dieu ki~n va dQ ben: dam baa cho cang trlnh khang bi pha ho9i du'oi tac d1,1ng cua
cck nguyen nhan ben ngoai.
Dieu ki~n ve dQ cU'ng: dam baa cho cang trlnh khang c6 chuyen vj va bien di;lng
Vu'Qt qua gioi hi;ln ChO phep nham dam baa 51,( lam Vi~C blnh thu'Ong CUa cang trlnh.
BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU
Dieu ki~n ve on djnh: dam bao cho cong trlnh c6 kha nang bao to~m vj trf va h1nh
di;tng ban dau cua n6 du'oi di;tng can bang trong tri;tng thai bien di;tng.
Voi yeu cau ve dq ben, ta can xac djnh n(>i h,(c; voi yeu cau ve dq cU'ng, can xac
dlnh chuyen vl; voi yeu cau ve on dlnh, ta dm xac djnh hjc toi hi;tn ma ket cau c6 the
chju du'qc.
1.1.3 Cac bai toan mon hQC giai quyet

Bfli toan kiem tra: 0 bai toan nay, ta da biet tru'oc hlnh di;tng kfch thu'oc Cl,J the
cua Cck cau ki~n trong cong tr1nh va cac nguyen nhan tac dqng.
Yeu cau: kiem tra cong trlnh theo 3 dieu ki~n tren (dq ben, dq cU'ng va on dlnh) c6
dam bao hay khong? Va ngoai ra con kiem tra cong trlnh thiet ke c6 tiet ki~m nguyen
v~t li~u hay khong?
Bai toan thiet ke: o bai toan nay, ta moi biet nguyen nhan t<k dqng ben ngoai.
Yeu cau: X<k djnh hlnh di;tng, kfch thu'oc cua cac cau ki~n trong cong trlnh mqt each
hqp ly ma viin dam bao 3 dieu ki~n tren.
De giai quyet bai toan nay, thong thu'ong dlja vao kinh nghi~m ho~c dung phu'dng
phap thiet ke sd bq de gia thuyet tru'oc hlnh di;tng, kfch thu'oc cua cac cau ki~n. Sau
d6 tien hanh giai bai toan kiem tra nhu' da n6i o tren. Va tren cd so d6 ngu'oi thiet ke
dieu chinh li;ti gia thiet ban dau cua mlnh, We Ia di giai bai toan l~p.
1.1.4 Vi trl cua mon hQC

La man hqc ky thu~t cd so lam nen tang cho cac man hqc chuyen nganh nhu': ket
cau be tong cot thep, ket cau thep va g(;, ky thu~t thi cong ...
'A I 7' A '-
1.2 SO f>O TINH CUA CONG TRINH

1.2.1 So do tlnh cua cong trinh
Khai ni~m: Sd do tfnh cua cong trinh Ia hinh imh ddn gian h6a ma v§n dam bao phan
anh dtlqc chfnh xac 51/ lam vi~c thljc te cua cong trinh va phai dung de tfnh toan dtiqc.
cac yeu to imh hu'Cing den vif;c chqn sd do tinh
- Hlnh di;tng, kfch thu'oc cua cong trlnh.

aAI 1: TONG QUAN VE ca HQC KET cP:u
- Ty I~ dQ cU'ng cua cac cau ki~n
- lam quan trQng cua cong trlnh.
- Kha nang tinh toan cua ngu'oi thie't ke.
- Tai trQng va tinh chat tac dt,mg cua n6 ...
cac bu'ac h!a chQn sd do tinh

Bu'ac 1: £>u'a cong trlnh thl,(c ve sd do cong trlnh bang each:
- Thay cac thanh bang du'ong tn,JC thanh.
- Thay cac ban va v6 bang cac m~t trung gian.
- Thay tiet di~n, v~t li~u bang cac dc;~i lu'qng d~c tru'ng: di~n tich (F), momen quan
tinh (J), mo dun dan hoi (E), h~ so gian no vi nhi~t (a) ......
- Thay thiet bj tl,(a bang cac lien ket ly tu'ong.
- £>u'a tai trQng tac dt,mg len m~t cau ki~n ve tn,JC cau ki~n.
t;
H.l E, J, F, h, a ...
Bu'ac 2: £>u'a sd do cong trlnh ve sd do tinh
Trang m(>t so tru'ong hqp, sd do cong trlnh du'a ve chu'a phu hqp voi kha nang tinh
toan, ta loc;~i b6 nhCi'ng yeu to thU' yeu de ddn gian bai toan va du'a ve sd do tinh phu
hqp voi kha nang tinh toan cua ngu'oi thiet ke.
Vi d1,1:
H.2
U(Budc 1)
(Budc 2)
sAI 1: TONG QUAN v'E ca HQC KET cA"u
1.2.2 Cac gia thiet de tinh toan va nguyen ly cqng tac d~Jng
1. cac gia thiet tinh toan
a. f)feu ki~n v~t ly cua bai toan
Gia thiet rang v~t li~u Ia dan hoi tuy~t doi va tu€m theo djnh cr
lu~t Hooke, nghia Ia quan h~ giO'a n(li h,(c va bien dc;~ng Ia quan
h~ tuyen tfnh
Chu y: Neu chap nh~n gia thiet nay thl bai toan n(li lt,(c dan
hoi tuyen tfnh (tuyen tfnh v~t ly). Neu khong chap nh~n gia thiet
nay thl bai toan gQi Ia dan hoi phi tuyen (phi tuyen v~t ly).
b. £>feu ki~n hinh hQC cua bai toan

A~o A::::O
Chuyen vj va bien dc;~ng du'qc xem nhu' Ia nhO'ng dc;~i lu'qng
ff ff
v6 cung be. Do v~y khi tfnh toan, xem cong trlnh Ia khong co
bien dc;~ng.
I
1 '
j
I H.4 1
I
Chu y: Neu chap nh~n gia thiet nay thl bai toan gQi Ia
tuyen tfnh hlnh hc;>c. Neu khong chap nh~n gia thiet nay thl
bai toan 99i Ia phi tuyen hlnh hc;>c.
2. Nguyen !y c()ng tac d~:~ng

a. Phat bieu: M(lt dc;~i lu'qng nghiem cU'u
phan lt,(c, chuyen v! ... ) do m(lt so cac nguyen
s (n(li lt,(c,
A lpl Jp2 B
H.Sa
~ l.
nhan dong thai tac dl,mg gay ra se bang tong dc;~i
fvA
SO hay tong hlnh hQC cua dc;~i lu'Qng 5 do tUng
A lPI B
nguyen nhan tac d1,mg rieng re gay ra. ;;;;. l. H.Sb
Lay tong dc;~i so khi dc;~i lu'qng s Ia dc;~i luqng vo tvA!
hu'ong, lay tong dc;~i lu'qng s Ia dc;~i lu'qng vee td. A !p2 B
Vf dl,l: Xet dam ch!u t<k d~,Jng cua 2 11/c Pl va P2 va
.;;; l. H.Sc
d;,=~i lliqng nghil~n dtu 5 Ia phan h/c VA tren hinh (H.Sa). fvA2
Xet chfnh dam do nhu'ng chju tac d1,mg rieng re cua 2 lt,(c Pl, P2 tren hlnh (H.Sb)
va (H.Sc)
Theo nguyen ly c(lng tac d1,1ng:
Va neu xet toan di~n, thl h~ (H.Sa) bang tong cua 2 h~ (H.Sb) va (H.Sc)
I
___ _:' __ j
BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU . .
b. Bieu thuc giai tich cua nguyen ly c{)ng tile d~:~ng
S (P1, P2, ..... Pn) = S (P1) + S (P2) + ......... + S (Pn)

- 5 (P1, P2, ..... ,Pn): Ia dc;~i luqng 5 do c<k nguyen nhan P1, P2, "' .. ,Pn dong thai t<k
dt,mg len h~ gay ra.
- 5 (Pk): Ia dc;~i luqng 5 do rieng Pk tac dt,mg len h~ gay ra.
Chu y: Nguyen ly CQng tac dt,mg chi ap dt,mg h~ tuyen tinh v~t ly cung nhl1 tuyen
tinh hlnh hQc.
A A '
1.3 PHAN LO~I CONG TRINH

1.3.1 Phan loii~i theo so do tinh
- H~ ph~ng: khi tat ca cac cau ki~n
cung thUQC mQt m~t phang va tai
trQng tac dt,mg cung nam trong m9t
H.6a H.6b
m~t phang d6.
cac loc;~i h~ phang:
• Dam (H.6)
• Dan (H.7)
• vom (H.S)
• Khung (H.9)
• H~ lien hqp (H.lO)
H. lOa
H.!Ob~
. . BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU
- He khong gian: Khi cac c€iu ki~n khong cung nam trong mqt mi;\t phang, hoi;\c
cung nam trong mqt mi;\t phang nhu'ng tai trqng tac dt,mg ra ngoai mi;\t phang d6.
Cac loc;~i h~ khong gian
• H~ dam tn,tc giao (Hll)
• Khung khong gian (H12) H.ll

• Dan khong gian (H13)
• Ban (H14)
- V6 (H15)
~?===;:Jftf'fi
1.3.2 p
H.12 HJ4
h
an IOfiii theo phu'clng phap tinh
1. Dl/a vao Sl/ can thiet hay khong can thiet phai SU d1Jng dieu kien di,)ng hQC
khi xac djnh toan bQ cac phim hJc va n(,)i hJc trong he, ngu'oi ta chia ra 2
1o,i he:
a. He tinh djnh: Ia lo9i h~ rna chi bang cac dieu ki~n tinh hqc c6 the xac djnh du'qc
toan bq nqi h,tc va phan h,(c trong h~. Vi dl,l cac h~ tren h1nh a W (H.6-> H.lO).
b. He sieu tinh: Ia lo9i h~ rna chi bang cac dieu ki~n tinh hqc th1 chu'a du de xac
djnh toan bQ cac nqi ll,(c va phan ll,(c rna con phai sU' dl,lng them dieu ki~n dqng hqc
va dieu ki~n v~t ly. Vi dl,l cac h~ tren h1nh b (H.6-> H.lO).
2. Dl/a vao Sl/ can thiet hay khong can thiet SU d1Jng dieu kien can tinh hQC
khi xac djnh bien d,ng trong he khi he chju chuyen vi cu'ong bltc, ngu'oi ta
chia ra 2 lo'i he:
a. Xac djnh d(,)ng: Ia lo9i h~ khi ch!u chuyen vj cuang buc, c6 the xac djnh bien d9ng
cua h~ chi bang cac dieu ki~n dqng hqc (h1nh hqc). Vi dl,l h~ cho tren h1nh (H.16)
I
BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU . .
IJ.
,.,ff -
'-' tC'
I
J
b. H~ sieu d{)ng: Ia loc;~i h~ khi bj chuyen vj cliong buc, neu chi bang Cck dieu ki~n
dqng hQC thl chlia the Xck djnh dliQC bien d<;~ng CUa h~ rna can phai SU d1,1ng them
dieu ki~n tinh hQc. Vi d1,1 h~ cho tren hlnh (H.17)
1.3.3 Phan lo~i theo kich thu'oc tu'dng doi cua cac cau ki~n
- Thanh: neu kich thlioc mqt phlidng kha lon hdn hai phlidng con lc;~i (H.18a).
- Ban: neu kich thlioc cua hai phlidng kha lon hdn phlidng con lc;~i (H,l8b).
- Khoi: neu kich thlioc cua 3 phlidng gan bang nhau (H .18c)
,__(_____..0
H.t8a I
~.l8b ?'
V
1.3.4 Phan lo~i theo kha nang thay doi hinh d~ng hinh hQC
- H~ bien hlnh.
- H~ bien hlnh tU'c thai.
- H~ bat bien hlnh.
1.4 cAc NGUYEN NHAN GAY RA NQI LI/C, BIEN

D~NG VA CHUYEN VJ
1.4.1 Tai trqng: Tai trqng gay ra nQi 11/C, bien d~ng va
chuyen vi trong tat ca cac lo~i h~ ket cau
Phan lofli tili trt;mg:
- Theo thoi gian tac d1,1ng: tai trQng lau dai (nhli trQng ll1<;1ng bim than cong trlnh ... )
con dliqc g9i Ia tinh tai va tai trQng tc;~m thoi (nhli tai tr'Qng do gi6, do con nglioi di
lc;~i sU' d1,1ng ... ) con dliqc g9i Ia hoc;~t tai.
aAI 1: TONG QUAN v'E co HQC KET cAu
- Thea slf thay doi v!........,...tri

, .,..
tac dt,mg: tai trqng bat d()ng va tai trqng di d()ng .
- Thea tinh chat tac dt,.mg c6 gay ra life quan tinh hay khong: tai trqng tac dt,mg tinh
ha~c tai trqng tac dl,lng d()ng.
Ngaai ra con phan lai;li tai trqng thea hlnh thuc tac dt,mg cua tai trqng: tai trqng
t~p trung, tai trqng ph an bo ....
1.4.2 Sl! thay doi nhi~t d{): chinh Ia Sl! thay doi nhi~t dQ tac
dl}ng len cong trinh khi lam Vi~C SO VOi luc che tf!l'O ra no.
£>oi VOi h~ tinh djnh, tac nhan nay chi gay ra bien di;!ng va chuyen Vj, khong gay ra
n9i life, con doi voi h~ sieu tinh thl gay ra dong thai ca 3 yeu to tren.
1.4.3 Chuyen vi cu'Bng buc cua cac goi tl!a (lun) va do che
tii'O lap rap khong chinh xac
£>5i voi h~ tinh d!nh, tac nhan nay chi gay ra chuyen v!, khong gay ra bien di;!ng va
n9i life; con doi voi h~ sieu tinh thl gay ra dong thai ca 3 yeu to nay.
BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE co HQC KET CAU - -
CAU HOI ON T~P

Cau 1: Doi chieu doi tu'qng va nhi~m Vl,J nghien cuu cua cck man hQC: Cd hQC cd so,
Sue ben v~t li~u va Cd hQC ket cau.
Cau 2: Y nghia cua sd do tinh c6ng trlnh. De chuyen c6ng tr1nh thl,J'c ve sd do tinh,
dm thl,J'c hi~n nhu' the nao?
Cau 3: Phan bi~t cac lo«;li h~ sau: h~ tinh djnh, h~ sieu tinh, h~ xac djnh d(>ng, h~ sieu
di;lng
Cau 4: Phan loi;}i cac tai trQng sau: tai trQng bat d(>ng, tai trQng di d(>ng, tai trQng tac
d1,1ng tinh, tai trQng tck d1,1ng d(>ng.
Cau 5: Phat bieu n(>i dung nguyen ly c(>ng tac d1,1ng va giai thich cac dieu ki~n ap
d1,1ng.
BAI 2: PHAN TICH CAU T~O HINH HQC CUA KET CAU PHANG
'
BAI 2: PHAN TicH cAu TAO
•
HiNH
Hoc
•
ellA KET cAu PHANG
Sau khi hQC xong bai nay, hQC viem c6 the:
- Hieu dUr;Jc cac khai ni~m ve h~ ba't bien hinh, h~ bien hinh, h~ bien hinh ttJc thai;
- Hieu dUr;Jc cac /oijli lien ke't ddn gian, lien ke't phtJc tijlp va phan 11/C lien ke't;
- Bie't each cau tijJO va kie'm tra h~ ket ca'u sao cho dam bao dieu ki~n bat bien hinh;
2.1 CAC KHAI NI~M

2.1.1 H~ bat bien hinh (BBH):
H~ bat bien hlnh Ia h~ khong c6 sl,( thay doi hlnh di;ing hlnh hQC du'oi tck d1,mg cua
tai trQng neu xem Cck cau ki~n trong h~ Ia tuy~t doi cU'ng
Vi dy: Phan tfch h~ hinh ve (H.1.1a)
Neu quan ni~m AB, BC, trai dat Ia tuy~t doi cU'ng, tU'c Ia lAs,
lsc, lcA=const thl tam gick ABC Ia duy nhat, nen h~ da cho Ia BBH
- MQt h~ c6 tfnh chat BBH m()t each ro r~t gQi chung Ia mieng H.l.la
cU'ng (tam cU'ng)
- Cac loi;ii mieng cU'ng: (H.l.lb)
- Ky hi~u mieng cU'ng: (H.l.lc)
//\6 H.l.lb
H.l.lc
Chu y: Do h~ BBH c6 kha nang chju ll,(c tac d1,1ng nen n6 du'qc slt d1,1ng lam cac ket
cau xay dl,(ng va thl,(c te Ia chu yeu sU' d1,1ng loi;ii h~ nay.
"i .i
I : I :
2.1.2 H~ khong bat bien hinh

1. H~ bien hinh (BH): Ia h~ c6 st,( thay doi hlnh d;;mg hlnh hQc mqt h1qng hCi'u h<;m
du'oi t<k dl,Jng cua tai tr<;>ng m~c du xem Cck cau ki~n cua h~ Ia tuy~t doi cU'ng.
Vi d1.,1: H~ ABCD cho tren hlnh (H.1.2a) c6 the Sl,IP do thanh h~ AB'CD, nen
h~ da cho Ia h~ BH.
Chu V: Do h~ BH khong c6 kha nang chiu

tai trQng t<k d1.,1ng nen Cck ket xay dt,(ng H.l.2a
khong su dl,Jng loc;ti h~ nay.
H~ BH tren hlnh (H.1.2b) cho phep su H.l.2b

dl,lng vi thea phu'dng dung, tai trQng tck dl,lng len h~ 0 trc;tng thai can bang.
2. H~ bien hinh tCtc thai (BHTT): Ia h~ c6 stf thay doi hlnh dc;tng hlnh hQc mqt
lu'Q'ng vo cung be du'oi tac d1.,1ng cua tai tr<;>ng m~c du xem cac cau ki~n cua h~ Ia
tuy~t doi cU'ng.
Vi d1.,1: H~ ABC c6 cau tc;to nhu' tren hlnh (H.1.3a)

khop A c6 the di xuong mqt doc;tn vo cung be 8, nen
h~ da cho Ia h~ BHTT. B li
!A
l> ·----- t...-.o--------1
A'
c
H.l.3a
Chu V: cac ket cau xay dt,(ng khong su d1.,1ng h~ BHTT hay h~ gan BHTT (Ia h~ ma
chi can thay doi mqt lu'Q'ng vo cung be hlnh dc;tng hlnh hQc se tro thanh h~ BHTT, vi dl,l
h~ BA'C tren hlnh (H.1.3a) vi nqi lt,(c trong h~ gan BHTT rat lon.
Th~t v~y, xet h~ tren hlnh (H1.3b). Lt,(c

dQC trong hai thanh AB va AC Ia N
p
N=
2sina
Khi a --+0, h~ BAC tien den h~ gan BHTT

Rl.Jb
N = lim(
a-tO
~
2 Stna
) --+ oo
2.1.3 B~c tl/ do: Ia cac thong so d(}c l~p du de xac dinh vi
tri cua m(}t h~ so voi mqt h~ co dinh khac.
Trang h~ ph2mg, m9t chat diem c6 b~c tl/ do bang 2 (H.1.4a); m9t mieng cling c6
b~c w do bang 3 (H.1.4b)
y
M(x.,,yJ
Yo ------'!'
I
I
II
0 X... X 0 X., X
H.l.4a H.l.4b
2.2 cAc LO~I LIEN KET vA. PHAN LI/C LIEN KET
2.2.1 Lien ket ddn gian: Ia lien ket noi hai mieng cung vai nhau
2.2.2 cac lo~i lien ke't don gian

1. Lien ket thanh (lien ket lo91i m()t)
~
a. cau t91o: Gem m9t thanh thang khong chju tai trQng c6 hai
khop ly tt1ong o hai dau. (H.l.Sa)
(A) H.l.Sa (B)
b. Tinh chat cua lien ket
- Ve m't d()ng hQc: lh~n ket thanh khong cho mieng
~
cling di chuyen thea phu'dng dQc tn,Jc thanh, tU'c Ia khU'
du'qc m9t b~c tl/ do.
(A) H. l.Sb (B)
- Ve m't tinh hQc: tc;~i lien ket chi c6
phat sinh m9t thanh phan phan 11/c thea
(A)
phlidng dQc tn,Jc thanh (H.l.Sb)
• Ket lu~n: Lien ket thanh khU' dliqc

~ (A) TnJ.c thanh (B) ~
H.l.Sc H.l.Sd
m9t b~c tl/ do va lam phat sinh
m9t thanh phan phan llfc thea phlidng lien ket.
BAI 2: PHAN TiCH CAU TJ!.O HINH HQC CUA KET CAU PHANG
• Tn.tong hqp d~c bi~t: mqt mieng cling c6 hai dau khop va khong chju tai trQng
thl c6 the nhu' mi;>t lien ket thanh c6 tn,Jc thanh Ia du'ong noi hai khop (H.l.Sc).
• Chu y: lien ket thanh Ia mo rqng cua khai ni~m goi di dqng noi dat (H.l.Sd)
2. Lien ket khop (lien ket lol.'i 2)
a. Cau tt.'O: gom hai mieng cling noi voi nhau bang mqt khop ly tu'ong (H.1.6a)
- ve m{lt d9ng hqc: lien ket khop khong cho mieng (A) . (B)
~
cling chuyen vj thang ( nhu'ng c6 the xoay), We Ia khU'
du'qc hai b~c tl,l' do.
H.1.6a
- ve m{lt tinh hqc: to;~i lien ket c6 the phat sinh mt?t thanh (A) ~
phan phim ll,l'c c6 phu'dng bat ky. Phan ll,(c nay thu'ong
du'QC phfm tfch thanh hai thanh phan thea hai phu'dng xac
djnh (H.1.6b).
R=R.+Ry
• Ket lu~n: lien ket khop sU' dt,mg du'QC 2 b~c tl/ do va H.L6b
lam phat sinh hai thanh phan
Khdp gia (A)
phan 11/c.
• Truong hqp d~c bi~t: hai lien ket

thanh c6 the xem Ia mt?t lien ket
~ ~7
(A) H.l.6c (B) H.1.6d
khop (khop gia t90), c6 vj trf t9i
giao diem du'ong noi hai tn,JC thanh (H.1.6c)
• Chu y: Lien ket khop Ia mo rqng cua khai ni~m goi (A) (B)
co djnh noi dat (H.1.6d).
3. Lien ket him (lien ket lol.'i 3)

~ H.1.7a
a. Cau tl.'o: Gom hai mieng cling noi voi nhau bang mqt moi han (H.1.7a).
- Ve m{lt dQng hqc: Lien ket han khong cho mieng cling c6 chuyen vj, tlic Ia khU'
du'qc 3 b~c tl,l' do.
BAI 2: PHAN TICH CAU TJ!.O HINH HOC CUA KET CAU PHANG
- Ve m't tinh hQC: Lien ket c6 the lam

phat sinh m(lt thanh phEm phan hfc c6
phu'dng va v! trf chu'a biet. Thu'ong du'a v!
~. {R:_:Rn~}
tri ph2m h,(c nay ve ti;li vj tri lien ke't va phan [ R=Rx+R_v
:.:.7b~~
tich thanh 3 thanh phan( M , Rx, Rv )(H.1.7b) M=R.d
• Ket lu~n: lien ket han khU' du'gc 3 b~c

w do va lam phat sinh 3 thanh ph'€m phan llfc.
• chu y:
0 Lien ket han tu'dng du'dng voi 3 lien ket thanh ho~c m(lt
lien ket thanh va m(lt lien ket khop du'dc sap xep m(lt each
hgp ly.
o Lien ket han Ia mo r(lng cua khai ni~m lien ket ngam noi
dat (H.1.7c)
2.2.3 Lien ket phU'c t~p: La lien ket noi nhieu mieng cU'ng
voi nhau, so mieng cU'ng lon han hai.
Ve m~t cau ti;!O, chi co lien ket khop phuc
ti;ip (H.1.8) va han phU'c t~p (H.l.Sb)
DQ phU'c t~p cua lien ket: p = 0-1

0: So mieng cU'ng quy t1,1 vao lien ket
HJ.8a ,. t..r t 01..
Vi dy: Xac Clinh CJ9 phuc t~p cua lien ket him
tren hinh (H.l.Bc)
p= 0-1= 4 -1 =3
C6 nghia Ia lien ket han phU'c t~p da cho tu'dng du'dng voi
H.l.8c
3 lien ket han ddn gian.
····.··1
_I _I
. f__ /_-
2.3 eAcH NOI cAc

~~., MIENG cltNG THANH MQT H~
~~
BAT BIEN HINH

2.3.1 Noi mqt diem (mat) vao mqt mieng cung thanh h~ BBH
1. Oi'eu ki~n can : De noi m()t hai diem vao mieng cU'ng c2m phai khu hai b~c tl,( do
cua n6. Nghia Ia can dung hai lien ket
thanh (H.1.9a) B{id6i
2. oreu ki~n
duqc thang hang.

du: hai lien ket thanh khong
(A)~ ~ H~ BHIT
Mat
Hai lien ket thanh khong dl1c;1c thang H.l.9a H.l.9b
hang noi m()t diem vao mieng cU'ng gQi Ia bQ doi (H.1.9c)
Tinh chat bQ doi
Khi them hay bot lan lu'cjt Cclc bQ doi thl tinh chat d()ng hQC cua h~ khong thay doi.
Tinh chat nay dlicjc su d1,1ng de phan tich cau t90 hlnh hQC cua h~, va phan tich theo
hai huang sau:
Phlidng phap thu h~p mieng cU'ng: tU' h~ ban dau, !an IL1c;1t lo9i b6 dan cac bQ doi
de dlia ve h~ ddn giim cuoi cung. Neu h~ thu dlicjc Ia BBH hay BH thl h~ ban dau cung
BBH hay BH. Vi dl,l tren hlnh (H1.9c)
H.l.9c
5 2 1
H~ BBH - - - - - - - - - - H~BBH
Phlidng phap ph at trien mieng cU'ng: Tu mieng cU'ng ban dau, them l~m IL1c;1t cac bQ
doi thl cuoi cung thu du'cjc mieng cU'ng. Vi dl,l tren hlnh (H1.9d)
H.L9d~ Thl!me;ic~dM~
1 4 5
H~BBH ----------------~• H~BBH
2.3.2 each noi hai mieng cU'ng thanh h~ BBH

1. Dieu ki~n can: Xem m(>t mieng cU'ng Ia co djnh. De noi mieng cU'ng li;!i vao co
djnh dm khu ba b~c tl/ do cua n6, nghia Ia can su dt,mg to hqp Cik lien ket:
Ba lien ket thanh (H1.10b)
- M9t lien ket thanh c(>ng m<?t lien ket khop (H1.10b)
- M9t lien ket han (H1.10c)
(A) H.t.lOa (B)

~ ~
(A) H.l.lOb (B) (A) H.l.lOc (B)
2. Dieu ki~n du
a. Neu su d\lng ba lien ket thanh: Yeu cau ba thanh kh6ng du'QC dong quy ho~c
song song (H1.10d, H1.10e & H1.10f)
»~ ~
(A) (BHTI) (B) (A). (BHTT) (B) (A) (BH) (B)
H.l.lOd H.l.lOe H.l.lOf
b. Neu su d~:~ng mqt lien ket thanh cqng mqt lien ket khop: Yeu cau khop khong
du'QC nam tn§n du'ong trt,JC thanh (H1.10g)
c. Neu su d~:~ng lien ket han: Thl d6 cling Ia dieu (B)

ki~n du ~~~~--""?J~
2.3.3 each noi ba mieng cU'ng thanh

H~BHTI
h~ BBH HJ.lOg
1. Dieu ki~n can: Xem m(>t mieng cU'ng Ia co djnh. De noi hai mieng cU'ng con li;!i
vao mieng cU'ng co djnh can phai khu sau b~c tl/ do, nghia Ia can phai su d1,1ng to
hqp cac lien ket
- sa lien ket khop (H.1.11a)

:I
I
i
-------------- ------ - _::_ _ _j
- Sau lien ket thanh (H.l.llb)
- Hai lien ket him (H.l.llc)
- Mi;Jt lien ket thanh cf?ng mf?t lien ket khop cf?ng mc?t lien ket him (H.l.lld) ...
(C) (C)
(A) (B) (A) (B)
(B)~
(A)c(B)
H.l.lla H.l.llb H.Lllc ~

2. f)feu ki~n du
~
Neu cac mieng cU'ng noi ran lu'qt voi nhau: tro ve bai
toan noi hai mieng cU'ng. Vi dl,l ( H.l.lle).
HJ.lle
Neu cac mieng cU'ng noi dong thai voi nhau (Neu loi;!i b6
mieng cU'ng bat ky, h~ con l;;~i bien
(B) (C)
hlnh): luc nay h~ can sU' dl,lng ba lien
ket khop (thl,l'c ho~c gia t;;~o) tu'dng hC>
(H.1.11f) va yeu cau cac lien ket khong
cung nam tren mi;Jt du'ong thang ( HeBHTI
(A) H.t.llf
H.l.llg). H.l.llg
2.3.4 Cach noi nhieu mieng cung thanh h~ BBH

1. f)ieu ki~n can
a. Tru'ong hqp h~ bat ky khong noi dat
Xet mi;Jt h~ khong noi dat gom D mieng cU'ng. Cac lien ket giO'a cac m!eng cU'ng Ia:
T lien ket thanh, K lien ket khop da quy ve khop ddn gian va H lien ket han da quy ve
han ddn gian.
Xem mi;Jt mieng cU'ng Ia co djnh. Noi (D-1) mieng cU'ng con li;!i vao mieng cU'ng co
djnh, nghia Ia can phai khU' 3.(0-1) b~c tl,l' do. £>6 Ia yeu cau.
Ve kha nang: T, K, H khU' du'qc T +2.K+3.H b~c tl/ do

BAI 2: PHAN TiCH CAU T~O HINH HQC CUA KET CAU PHANG
Nhu' v~y cfieu ki~n can de h~ BBH Ia
n = T + 2.K + 3.H - 3.(0-1) ?! 0 (1-2)

Cac tnl'ong hQ'p ve n:
- n=O va h~ da cho Ia h~ BBH th1 h~ Ia h~ tinh djnh.
- n >0 va h~ da cho Ia h~ BBH th1 h~ Ia h~ sh~u tinh.
- n < 0 th1 h~ Ia h~ BH
b. Tnl'ong hQ'p h~ bat ky co noi dat
Xet m9t h~ noi da't gom D mieng cling Cck lien ket giCi'a cck mieng cling Ia: T lien
ket thanh, K lien ket khop da quy ve khop ddn gian va H lien ket him da quy ve han
ddn gian. Lien ket giCi'a h~ va trai dat gom C lien ket da quy ve lien ket lo9i mQt.
Xem trai dat Ia co dinh. Noi D mieng cU'ng con l9i vao trai dat, nghTa Ia phai khU'
3.0 b~c tl,l' do. D6 Ia yeu cau.
Ve kha nang: T, K, H, C khU' du'c;1c T + 2.K +3.H + C b~c tl/ do
V~y dieu ki~n can de h~ BBH Ia
n= T+ 2.K + 3.H + C- 3.D?! 0 (1-3)
- Cac tru'ong hqp cua n: tu'dng tl/ nhu' tren
- Cac lo9i lien ket noi dat (H.1.12a)
H.l.12a
G6i di dQng G6i c6 Ngiun tntt;Jt Ngam
C""l djnh C=2 C=3
2. an~u ki~n du
Thu'ong sU' d1,mg tinh chat cua bQ doi, each noi hai ho~c ba mieng cling nham thu
hE;!p ho~c phat trien h~ den mU'c toi da cho phep. Neu ket qua thu du'qc:
- M9t mieng cung: h~ da cho Ia BBH
- Hai ho~c ba mieng cung: sU' d1,mg dieu ki~n du cua bai toan noi hai, ba mieng cung
da biet de phan tich tiep.
BAI 2: PHAN TICH CAU To!oO HINH HQC CUA KET CAU PHANG
Loai bO cac bO doi
:I . ·~
(B) __:_; H~BBH
(Thu h~p mi~ng cling)

(Pluit tri~n mi~ng cililg)
H.1.12b H.L12c
- Ngoai ra con su d1,1ng phu'dng phap tai trQng bang khong ho~c phu'dng phap d()ng
hQC de khao sat. Xem giiJO tr}nh mon cd hqc ket cau - L'eu Th9 Trinh.
2.3.5 Truong hqp die bi~t: H~ dan

- H~ dim Ia h~ gam nhG'ng thanh thang lien ket voi nhau chi bang cac khop d hai
dau m6i thanh.
H~dan
rn
Khong prull ~ dim
H.l.12<1
- f)oi voi h~ d2m cling cho phep ap dl,lng cong thlic (1-2) ho~c (1-3) de khao sat
dieu ki~n can. Tuy nhien, trong h~ dim, cac lien ket khop thu'ong Ia khop phlic ti;~p
can quy doi ve khop ddn gian. Cach lam nhu' v~y thu'ong d~ nham lan. Du'oi day se
trinh bay m()t each khac thu~n lqi hdn ma khong phai quan tam den dQ phlic ti;~p
cua cac lien ket khop.
1. Tru'ong hqp h~ dan khong noi dat
Xet h~ dan khong noi dat gam D thanh dan va M mat.
Xem m()t thanh dan Ia mieng cling co djnh, con li;~i (D- 1) thanh. Ta can noi (M- 2)
mth con li;~i vao mieng cling co·djnh, nghia Ia can phai khu 2.(M- 2) b~c tlf do.
Xem cac thanh dan Ia lien ket thanh. Nhu'.v~y, (D- 1) thanh con li;~i c6 kha nang
khu du'qc (D- 1) b~c tl,( do
n= (D- 1)- 2.(M- 2)= D- 2M+ 3 ~ 0 (1-4)
2. Tru'ong hQ'p h~ dan noi dat
Xet h~ dan gom D thanh dan va M mat. Ngoai ra h~ con noi dat bang so lien kel
tu'dng du'dng C lien ket lo<;~i mqt. Noi mat D vao mieng cU'ng co d!nh. Nghia Ia can khU'
du'c;1c 2.M b~c tl/ do.
Xem cck thanh dan Ia lien ket thanh. Nhu' v~y D thanh dan c6 kha nang khU' du'c;1c
C b~c tl,l' do.
n= o + c- 2M ~ o (1-5)
Chu y: Cck tru'ong hc;1p cua n va dieu ki~n du v§n nhu' tru'ong hc;1p tong quat.
2.4 CAC Vi Dl) MINH HQA
J
Vi d1:1 1: Phan tich cau ti!!IO hinh hqc cua h~ cho
~
tren hinh H.1.13a
1. Dfeu ki~n can: H~ da cho thuqc h~ bat ky noi dat

nen dieu ki~n can sU' d1,mg bieu thU'c ( 1- 3). C6 the H.Ll3a c d
giai bai toan theo nhieu quan ni~m khac nhau:
a. Quan ni~m m8i do~n th~ng Ia m()t mh!ng cU'ng
Luc nay D = 5, T = 0, K = 1, H = 3, C = 4. Thay vao (1- 3)
n= T+ 2.K + 3.H + C-3.D = 0 + 2.1 + 3.3 + 4- 3.5 = 0

=> H~ da cho c6 kha nang BBH
b. Quan ni~m m8i thanh gay khuc Ia m()t mieng cU'ng (quan ni~m so mieng
cU'ng toi th U!u)
Luc nay D = 2 (ab, bee va trai dat ), T= 0, K= 1, H=O, C= 4. Thay vao (1-3)
n= 0 + 2.1 + 3.0 + 4- 3.2 = 0

::_--1
BAI 2: PHAN TICH CAU To!-0 HINH HQC CUA KET CAU PHANG
=> H~ da cho c6 kha nang BBH.
c. Quan ni~m trai cJat Ia m9t mieng
Luc nay xem h~ Ia kh6ng noi dat nen dieu ki~n dm su d1,1ng bieu thlic (1 -2).
Luc nay D = 3 (ab, bee va trai da't ), T= 2, K= 2, H=O. Thay vao (1-2).
n = 2 + 2.2 + 3.0 + 3.(3 -1) = 0
=> H~ da cho c6 kha nang BBH.
- C6 nhieu each quan ni~m mieng cling khac nhau, va c6 anh hu'ong den so lu'Q'ng
mieng cling va lien ket.
- Nen quan ni~m so mieng cling toi thieu vi so lu'Q'ng D , T, K , H se it nhat.
2. f>i'eu ki~n cJu: C6 nhieu each quan ni~m.
a. f)u'a h~ ve thanh bai toan noi hai mieng cung
Trai dat (II) va bee (1). Hai mieng cling nay noi voi nhau bang ba thanh ab, cd, ef
(H.1.13b). Ba thanh nay kh6ng dong quy hay song song nen h~ da cho Ia BBH (h~
tinh djnh).
b. f)u'a h~ ve thanh bai toan noi ba mieng cung
Trai dat (II), bee (I), va ab (III). Ba mieng cling nay noi nhau bang ba khop ( 1,2
o xa v6 cung ), ( 2,3), (3,1). Ba khop nay kh6ng th2mg hang nen h~ da cho Ia BBH
(H.1.13c).
(1,2)--+(1;)
(I) (III) (3,1) (f) I' '~
(iZSmPp...e~;s:~t e
b f
H.l.13b
H.l.l3c (II)
LLiu y: Khi khao sat dieu ki~n can va du cho m(lt h~, chi can su dl,l.ng m(lt quan
ni~m Ia du.
Vi d~ 2: NQi dung giong vi d1,1 1 nhu'ng thanh e- f nghieng di 45° (hinh H.1.13d)
e )(0
"I'
0
~
,." I ' ,
1 ld
b ; I '
,/ I ',
/ '
H.l.l3d
H. t .13e (II)
1. oreu ki~n can: kh6ng thay doi so voi vi dl,l 1
2. oreu ki~n du: f)L(a h~ ve thimh bai toan noi hai mieng cU'ng:
D6 Ia trai dat (II) va bee (I). Hai mieng cU'ng nay noi voi nhau bang 3 thanh ab,
cd, ef (H.1.13e). Ba thanh nay dong quy t1;1i 0 nen h~ da cho Ia h~ BHTT.
Vi d~ 3: Phan tich cau t~o hinh hQC cua h~ cho tren hinh H.1.13f
1. Oi"eu ki~n can: H~ da cho thui;>c h~ bat ky noi dat. Su dt,mg bieu thU'c (1- 3) de
khilO sat dieu ki~n can.
H.l.l3f H.l.l3g
Quan ni~m h~ gam mieng cU'ng: (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F).
V~y D = 6, T= 4, K = 3, C = 8, H = 0. Thay vao (1-3)
n= T + 2.K + 3.H + C- 3.D = 4 + 2.3 + 3.0 + 8- 3.6 = 0

H~ da cho c6 kha nang BBH.
2. Oi"eu ki~n du: Du'a h~ ve thanh bai toan noi ba mieng cU'ng (I), (II) & (III) nhu'
tren hlnh (H.1.113g). B mieng cU'ng nay noi voi nhau bang ba khop (1,2), (2,3)
&(3, 1) khong thang hang nen h~ da cho Ia BBH (tinh djnh).
· .. I
f_
..... 1 '
Vi dl:l 4: Phan tich cau tiiiO hinh hQC cua h~ cho tren hinh (H.1.13h)
1. f>i'eu ki~n can: H~ da cho thUQC h~ bat ky noi da't. SU' d1,mg bieu thU'c
(1 -3) de khao sat dieu ki~n can.
Quan ni~m h~ gam cac mieng cU'ng (A), (B), (C).
V~y D = 3, T= 2, K = 1, C = 5, H = 0. Thay vao (1-3)
n= T + 2.K + 3.H + C- 3.D = 2 + 2.1 + 3.0 + 5 - 3.3 = 0
2. areu ki~n ctu
Dung phu'dng phap phat trien mieng cU'ng
ngam (1) khdp 2

(A)+ Tnii ddt ----1~.,_ MC + (B) .. MC + (C) ~
thanh 3
3 thanh
----~• MC duy nhdt
(4) va (5)
V~y h~ da cho Ia h~ BBH (h~ tinh djnh)
Vi dl:l 5: Phan tich cau tiiiO hinh hQC cua h~ cho tren hinh (H.1.13i)
1. areu ki~n can: H~ da cho thUQC h~ :::1:.---~-----<

bat ky noi dat. SU' d1,1ng bieu thU'c 'I 7f>---~g----o~~
(1-3) de khao sat dieu ki~n can. a e b .
Quan ni~m h~ gam cac mieng cU'ng k H.1.13i

(af), (eb), (bg), (fh), (he).
V~y D = 5, T= 0, K = 5, C = 5, H = 0. Thay vao (1-3)
n= T + 2.K + 3.H + C- 3.D = 0 + 2.5 + 3.0 + 5- 3.5 = 0

2. f>ieu ki~n du
Dung phu'dng phap phat trien mieng cU'ng
ngam (a) khdp e

(af) + Tnii d~t IJJ MC + (eb) J1o MC + (fu) liP
thanh k
khdpf khdph
MC+(hc) ----IJJ• MC duy nhftt.
(thanhbg) thanh cd
v~y h~ da cho Ia h~ BBH ( h~ tinh djnh)
Vi dl:l 6: Phan tich cau t~o hinh hQC cua h~ cho tren hinh {H.1.13j)
1 2 3
H.l.l3j H.l.l3k
1. f)ieu ki~n can: H~ da cho thUQC h~ d~m noi da't. SU' d~,Jng bieu thU'c (1-5) de khilO
sat dieu ki~n can.
V~y D = 11, M= 7, C = 3. Thay vao ( 1 - 5)
n= D- 2.M +C= 11- 2.7 +3 == 0
2. f>ieu ki~n du
b~ dOi (1-2) & (2-4)

(1-4-6) MC (I)
Tlfdng ttj, (2"'3-7~5) la mieng cdng-{II)

khop2 khdpA
(I)+ (II) ----illto• MC + Trai dftt _ _ __,.,... MC duy nhit
thanh 4-5 thanhB
H~ da cho Ia h~ BHTT (h~ tinh djnh)

Vi d\1 7: Phan tich cau ti[IO hinh hQC cua h~ cho tren hinh (H.1.131)
1. f>ieu ki~n can: H~ da cho thUQC h~ d2m noi dat. SU' dt,mg bieu thU'c
(1-5) de khao sat dieu ki~n can.
V~y D = 18, M= 10, C = 4. Thay vilO (1-5)
n= D - 2.M + C = 18 - 2.10 + 4 = 2 > 0
H~ da cho c6 kha nang BBH va thU'a lien ket.
2 3 4 (I) (II)
(1,2) --1-00
(lil)
2. f>ieu ki~n du
f)u'a h~ ve bai toan noi ba mieng cung
- Trai dat: (I)
- (1,2,5,6,9): (II). De thay (II) thU'a mQt lien ket thanh
- Tu'dng tl/ (3,4,7,8,10): Ia mieng cung (III) dlng thua mQt lien ke~ thanh.
Ba mieng cung nay noi voi nhau bang ba khop (1,2) a xa vo cung, (2, 3), (3,1). Ba
khop nay thang hang (H.1.13.m)
V~y h~ da cho Ia h~ BHTT.

A , A. A.
CAU HOI ON T~P
Cau 1: Ynghia cua vi~c nghh~n CUU Sl/ cau tc;w hinh hQC cua ket cau
Cau 2: The nao Ia h~ bat bien hinh, bien hinh, bien hinh tU'c thai. Kha nang ap d1,mg
cac h~ d6 trong xay dljng.
Cau 3: D!nh nghia mieng cU'ng
Cau 4: Thiet l~p cac cong thuc bieu th! dieu ki~n can de noi cac mieng cU'ng th~mh h~
bat bien hinh. Neu each v~n d1,mg cho tUng cong thU'c
Cau 5: Giai thich tinh chat cua bQ doi va neu each v~n d1,1ng
Cau 6: Phat bieu va giai thich dieu ki~n can va du de noi 2 mieng cU'ng, 3 mieng cU'ng
thanh h~ bat bien hinh.
Cau 7: Phan tich cau ti;IO hinh hQC cua h~ sau
A B c E F H I
D
h
G J
H.7.a
H.7.b
-I
-----~ I _.
F
B c G I
H.7.c
Cau 8: Khong xet tai trQng. Phan tich cau tc;~o h1nh hQC cua h~ sau
a
~· a
H.S.a
2
a a
·r a ;
I'
a
H.S.b
BiU 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH D~NH CH'U TAl TRQNG BAT DQNG
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NOI

•
Lu'C
•
TRONG KET cAu TiNH

,
f>INH
•
CHIU
•
TAl TRONG
•
BAT aONG
•
Sau khi hQC xong bai nay, hQC vien c6 the:
- Nam au'(fc Cck khai ni~m ve nqi /f/c va each xac C!inh cac thanh ph'fm nqi 11/C trong
bai toan phang;
- Bier each ve bie'u do nqi lf/c trong h~ ket cau: h~ khung adn gian, h~ ghep, h~ ba
khap, h~ c6 mat truyen lf/c va h~ dan.
3.1 eACH xAc f>INH NOI Lu'C VA VE NHANH BIEU

'.A A • • A,. ""-" ,.
f>O NOI Lu'C TRONG KET CAU TINH f>INH

•, • A' A •
CH'U TAl TRQNG BAT f>QNG

3.1.1 NQi h!c
1. Khai ni~m: NQi ll,(c Ia dQ bien thien ll,(c lien ket cua cck phan tu ben trong cau ki~n
khi cau ki~n ch!u tck d1,1ng cua ngOi;li ll,(c Va Cck nguyen nhan khck.
Chu y: Khai ni~m ve n9i ll,(c va ph2m ll,(c Ia c6 the dong nhat voi nhau neu quan
ni~m tiet di~ Ia m9t lien ket han ho~c lien ket tu'dng du'dng noi hai mieng cU'ng a hai
ben tiet di~n. Vi v~y, sau nay ta c6 the dong nhat vi~c Xik d!nh nQi ll,(c voi vi~c xac
d!nh phan h/C trong cac lien ket.
~ '
i I .,._-
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI Ll,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
2. Cac thanh phan nqi h!c: M6n Cd hQc ket cau chu yeu xik d!nh 3 thimh phan n()i llfc:
- M6men uon: Ky hi~u M
- Ll/C dh: Ky hi~u Q
- Ll/c dQC: Ky hi~u N
3. Quy u'oc dau cac thanh phan nqi h!c
M6 men uon quy u'oc xem Ia du'dng khi n6 lam d1ng tho du'oi va ngu'qc l9i (H.la).
Ll/c cat quy u'oc xem Ia du'dng khi n6 lam cho ph'€m h~ xoay thu~n chieu kim dong
ho va ngu'qc l9i (H.lb).
Ll/C dQC quy u'oc xem Ia du'dng khi n6 gay keo va ngu'qc 19i (Hl.c)
0 t l t
M>O
N>O
M>O
H.la
M<O
N>O N<O
M<O
N<O
Q>O
M\0
Q>O Q<O
H.lb
~ H.ld
' ~1~
Q<O
H.lc
Chu V:
- Cach quy u'oc dau nl}i 11/c Ia giong m6n Sue ben v~t li~u.
- Quy u'OC chQn vj tri ngu'oi dung quan sat c6 hu'ong nhin tU du'Oi len doi voi thanh
ngang; tU phai sang trai doi voi thanh dung va thanh xien khi dau nl}i 11/C (H.ld).
4. each xac djnh nqi h!c (phim h!c)
NQi 11/c (phan 11/c) du'qc xac djnh bang phu'dng phap m~t cat. Cac bu'oc tien hanh
nhu' sau:
- Bu'oc 1: Thl/C hi~n ml}t mat cat qua tiet di~n can xac djnh nQi 11/C (qua lien ket can
xac djnh phan 11/c). M~t cat phai chia h~ thanh hai ph2m dQC l~p. GiCi' l9i ml}t phan
bat ky.
- Bu'oc 2: Thay the tac d1,mg cua phan h~ bj lo9i bo bang cac thanh ph2m nl}i 11/c
(phim ll,(c) tu'dng ung. Cac thanh phan nay c6 chieu chu'a biet, c6 the gia thiet c6
chieu du'dng, va chung cling Ia cac d9i lu'qng can tlm.
BAI 3: PHAN TiCH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH £1JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT £1QNG
- Bu'oc 3: Thiel l~p cck dieu ki~n c€m bang du'oi d9ng cck bh~u thuc giai tfch.
Xem bang cac dieu ki~n can bang.
D9ng dieu D9ng h~ h,(c

ki~n can H~ h,(c dong qui ti;:ii o H~ h/c song song H~ hfc bat ky
bang
Di;:ing I 'l:X = 0; 'l:Y = 0. 'l:X = 0; 'l:Y = 0; 'l:MA =
Yeu cau: Tn,1c X 0.
khong du'gc song Yeu d3u: Tn,Jc x khong
song VOi tn,IC Y du'gc song song voi
tn:~c Y
Di;:ing II 'l:X =0; 'l:MA=O. 'l:X =0; 'l:MA=O. 'l:X =0; 'l:MA=O; 'l:Ms=O
Yeu cau: Tn,Jc X Yeu cau: Tn,Jc X khong Yeu cau: Tn,Jc X khong
khong du'gc vuong du'gc vuong g6c voi du'gc vuong g6c voi AB
g6c voi OA. phu'dng cac h,(c
Dc;mg III 'l:MA=O; 'l:Ms=O. 'l:MA=O; 'l:Ms=O. 'l:MA=O; 'l:Ms=O;'l:Mc=O
Yeu cau: A, B, 0 Yeu cau: A, B khong Yeu cau: A, B, C khong
khong du'gc thang du'gc song song voi du'gc thang hang
hang phu'dng cac h/C
Bang 1. Bang cac dieu ki~n can bang
- Bu'oc 4: Giai h~ phu'dng tr1nh cac dieu ki~n can bang se xac djnh du'gc cac thanh
phan n(li h/c (phan llfc). Neu ket qua mang dau du'dng th1 chieu cua n9i llfc (phan
ll,(c) dung chieu da gia djnh va ngu'gc li;:ii.
Vi dl:l 1: Xac dinh cac thimh phan phan h:fc va nQi h:fc t(li tiet di~n k {H.2a).
a. Xac djnh cac thanh phan phan ll,(c: (VA, HA, Vc)
IX= 0 ~ HA + p = 0 ~ HA = -P = -2(T) < 0
IMt = 0 ~ 4.VA + 4.P- 4.q.2 = 0
~ 4VA + 4.2- 4.1,2.2 = 0 ~VA= 0,4(T) >0
IMA =0 ~ -4Vc + 4.P +4.q.2 = 0
~ -4Vc + 4.2 + 4.1,2.2 = 0 ~ Vc = 4,4(T) > 0
Kiem tra: 'i..Y = o ~VA+ Vc -4.q = o <=:> 0,4 + 4,4- '4.1,2 = o (dung)
BAI 3: PHAN TicH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TINH 9~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG BAT 9QNG
P=2T
B
Vc
II ~. Vc =4,4
I H.2b
X I
I
A H.2a t
__._
HA l --------------·
l
I
VA 2m
..
2m
-L
b. Xac tljnh noi lf/c t{li tie't di~n k: (Mk, Qk)
Thl,(c hi~n mat cat (1-1), giG' li;!i va xet can bang phan ben phai (H.2b).
IMk =0 => Mk + 2.q.1- 2.Vc = 0

=> Mk = 2.Vc- 2.q.1 = 2.4,4- 2.1,2.1 = 6,4(T.m) >0.
IV =0 => Qk - 2.q + Vc = 0
=>Qk = 2.q - Vc = 2.1,2- 4,4 = -2(T) < 0.
IX =0 => Nk = O(T)
3.1.2 Bieu do n(}i h!c
1. Khai ni~m:
Bieu do n(?i ll,(c Ia do thj bieu di@n quy lu~t bien thien cua n(?i ll,(c dQC theo chieu dai
cau ki~n.
2. Cac thanh phan cua bieu do nQi h!c

- Du'ong chuan: Ia h~ tn,JC dung de dl,(ng cac tung dQ.
- Tung d<?: tung dq cua bieu do n(?i ll,(c t9i m(?t vi tri nim d6 Ia bieu thi cho n(?i h/c t9i
tiet di~n tu'dng ung.
- Du'ong bieu do: Ia du'ong noi cac tung dQ
3. Cac quy u'oc khi ve bieu do nQi h!c

- Duong chuan: thu'ong chQn Ia du'ong tn:~c than h.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TiNH IIJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT IIQNG
- Tung d(> phai dl,(ng vu6ng g6c voi du'ong chuan.
- BiE~u do m6men: tung dQ du'dng dl,(ng ve phfa du'oi, tung dQ am dl,(ng len tren
du'ong chuan. Dieu nay c6 nghia Ia tung d(> dl,(ng ve phfa tho d~ng.
- Bieu do ll,(c cat: tung dQ dlfdng dl,(ng len tren du'ong chuan va ngu'QC l~;:~i.
- Bieu do ll,(c dQC: tung dQ du'dng thu'ong dl,(ng len tren du'ong chuan va ngu'QC l~;:~i.
- Ghi ky hi~u +,- vao mien du'dng (am) cua bieu do ll,(c cat va ll,(c dQC.
4. each ve bieu do n{)i h!c
Theo man Cd hQC ket cau, ve bieu do n(li ll,(c tien hanh theo cac blfoc sau:
Bu'oc 1: Xac dinh cac thanh ph2m phan ll,(c (neu can).
Bu'oc 2: Xac dinh n(li ll,(c t~;:~i cac tiet di~n d~c tru'ng.
Tiet di~n d~c tru'ng: Ia nhO'ng tiet di~n chi a h~ thanh nhO'ng do~;:~n thanh thang sao
cho tren do~;:~n thanh d6 ho~c Ia khong chiu tai trQng ho~c Ia chi chiu tai trQng phan bo
lien t1,1c.
Nhu' v~y, vi trf cac tiet di~n d~c tru'ng thu'ong Ia: o nut (ndi giao nhau cac thanh),
o vi trf ll,(c t~p trung, o hai dau tai trQng phan bo, ti;li vf trf cac goi tl,(a .... Vf dl,l, voi h~
cho tren hlnh (H.3a & H.3b), Vi trf cactiet di~n d~c tru'ng Ia ndi ghi ky hi~u bang cac
chO' hoa A, B, C, E, F.
ip iE r
q
1:
p c
;:;.. B
X
0
D
A
H.3a H.3b
A
xac dinh n{)i 11/c: tien hanh theo nguyen tac da trlnh bay. Tuy nhien, sau khi
phan tfch cac dieu ki~n can bang, ta thay c6 the xac dinh nhu' sau:
Momen uon tiili tiet di~n k (Mk): c6 gia tri du'QC xac dinh bang tong momen cua
tai trQng tac dt,Jng len phan h~ giO' l~;:~i lay doi voi trQng tam tiet di~n k.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI U/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
LI/C dit t~i tiet di~n k (Qk): c6 gia trj du'qc xac djnh bang tong hlnh chieu cua
cac tai trQng tac dl,lng h~n phan h~ du'qc giCi' l«;li len phu'dng vuong g6c voi tiep tuyen.
tn,Jc thanh t«;li tiet di~n k (phu'dng cua Qk).
li/C dQC t~i tiet di~n k (Nk): c6 gia trj du'qc xac djnh bang tong hlnh chieu cua
cac tai trQng tac dl,mg len phan h~ du'qc giG' l«;li len phu'dng tiep tuyen voi tn,Jc thanh
tc;1i tiet di~n k (phu'dng cua Nk).
Dau cua cac d~i lu'Q'ng trong bieu thuc xac djnh nqi 11/C
- Tai trQng gay ding tho du'oi t«;li tiet di~n k se cho Mk mang dau du'dng va ngu'qc lc;1i.
- Tai trQng tac d1,1ng len phan ben trai c6 chieu hu'ong len va ph2m ben phai c6 chieu
hu'ong xuong se cho Qk mang dau du'dng va ngu'qc l«;li.
- Tai trQng gay keo tc;1i tiet di~n k se cho Nk mang dau du'dng va ngu'qc l«;1i.
Bu'oc 3: Ve bieu do n(>i h,(c.
SU' d1,1ng cac lien h~ vi phan de ve. Chi tiet se du'qc trlnh bay sau bu'oc 4.
Bu'oc 4: Kiem tra l9i ket qua.
Giong mon hQc sue ben v~t li~u.
Vi dl:l 2: Xac djnh n(>i h,(c t«;li tiet di~n k, m, n, cua h~ cho tren hlnh (H.4a).
3
q
pl Mt p2
P,
1:2 PI
m k
c<=< Jt P,
.c
N.Kt o. . *
H.4.b
PJ
H.4d
PJ
..l
n . ,P, M)t-- Mn n
~ b
a
H.4a
1
H.4.c
m
Q..,
Nm
<ffin
Mk =-qb.b/2 - P2b
Qk =qb + p2
Nm =0
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KiT CAU TINH a~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG BAT flQNG
5. Moi lien h~ gii.:i'a n(}i h!c va tai trqng

dQ dN d.M
qp =--;qt=-;Q=-
ds ds ds
Moi lien h~ vi phan cho ta thay tai trQng q kem hdn Q & N m(>t b~c ve m~t toan
hQc; kem hdn M hai b~c ve m~t toan hQC.
M~t khac, voi m9t h~ da cho thl b~c cua tai
~
- ~-
trQng tren m6i doc;tn thanh Ia hoan toan xac q p q=qp +qt
djnh, nghia Ia dc;~ng du'ong bil~u do (M), (Q), . . .. q, q" _L thanll
(N) ciJng hoan toan xac djnh.

H.Sa
6. Tru'O'ng hqp tren c.'lo~n thanh khong chju tili trqng titc d~ng: (H.Sb)
TU'c Ia q=O. I'Jhu' v~y, (Q) & (N) tren doc;tn nay se song song voi du'ong chuan
H.Sc
(M) se la do:,m dtlmrg thing duqc ve qua bai diem.
7. Tru'O'ng hqp tren c.'lo~n thanh chju titi phan bo aeu: (H.Sc)
TU'c Ia q ~ canst. Nhu' v~y, (Q) & (N) tren doc;tn nay se Ia du'ong thang du'qc ve qua
hai diem; (M) se Ia du'ong parabol du'qc ve qua 3 diem.
l !
i
:j 'J
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT DQNG
q/2
fM =8 (gQi Ia tung d9 treo); f treo vuong g6c voi du'ong chuan va thea chieu q.
Moi lien h~ giii'a momen va h/c cat t;;~i hai dau thanh:
MPh _ Mtr 1 MPh _ Mtr 1

Qtr = + -. q.l. cosa; QPh = -- . q.l. cosa
s 2 s 2
s. Tru'ang hqp tren do~n thanh chju ti•i trQng phan bo hlnh tam giac (H.Sc & H.Sd)
TU'c Ia q c6 d;;~ng b~c nhat. Nhu' v~y, (Q) & (N) tren do;;~n nay se Ia do;;~n du'ong
parabol du'qc ve qua ba diem; (M) se Ia du'ong b~c ba, cho phep ve qua ba diem.
~ = q/ ; chuan va t reo t heo c h'~

2
'M
f M treo vuong goc vo1 d u'dng
A ' ' '• A> '
1eu q.
16
fQ =~cos a, fQ treo vuong g6cvoi du'ong chuan va c6 chieu sao cho t;;~i vj trf
q = 0, th§'p tuyen voi du'ong bieu do song song voi du'ong chuan.
fN = ~ Sin a, fN treO VUOng goC VOi du'ong Chuan Va CO ChieU SaO ChO ti;li Vj trf
q = 0, tiep tuyen voi du'ong bieu do song song voi du'ong chuan.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH f)~NH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT f)QNG
Moi quan h~ giua momen va lf/c cat t~i hai aau thanh
- Khi tai phan bo tam giac c6 day ben phai (H.Sc):
MPh _ Mtr 1 MPh _ Mtt· 1

Qtr= +-q.l.cosa;QPh= - - q.l.cosa;
s 6 s 3
- Khi tai phan bo tam giac c6 day ben trai (H.Sd):
MPh -Mtr 1 MPh -Mtr 1

Qtr= +-q.l.cosa;QPh= - - q.l.cosa;
s 3 s 6
9. Truong hQ'p tren do~m thanh ch!u tai trQng phan bo hinh thang
Dc;mg du'ong cua cac bieu do kh6ng thay doi so voi tru'ong hqp tai phan bo hlnh
tam giac. C6 the du'a ve th~mh tong cua hai bai toan da biet (H.Se).
R5e
10. Truong hQ'p tren do~n thanh ch!u tai trQng phan bo theo quy lu~t bat ky
Dung each treo bieu do (H.Sf).
- Doi voi (Q), (N), each thljc hi~n tu'dng tlj.
=
/_
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH flJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT flQNG
Cac chu y:
- Tru'ong hqp tai trQng phan bo theo chfeu dai xien cua tn,JC thanh, CO the du'a ve
theo phu'dng ngang bang each chia tai trQng d6 cho cosa (H.6a).
'
q=--~
q
cos a
a l--L6a a
- Tc;~i vj tri chju tai trQng t~p trung, n9i h,J'c c6 sl,( thay doi:
• Mo men t~p trung (H.6b & H.6c)
• Ll,(c t~p trung c6 phu'dng vuong g6c voi tn,Jc thanh (H.6d).
0~r~ ~ ~
~ ! ~ ! ~· j ~~:
~Mph
Ia ~~·I
~Q..
1
I a IM
~. ~Il ~·
1 · 1
I I I I 1 M• I ph
I 10. IQph a.IJ3 I

~I I l - h :
I a., IP
lr I + I I - I - 1 . Qtr 1 1 :
Q Q Q +
I I ph~~l ~~
:.. lN"'Il~l
~ - I ph
N N~ +
Nph
m N .
I
+
H.6b H.6c H.6d H.6e
• Ll,l'c t~p trung c6 phu'dng trung tn,1c thanh (H.6e).
• Ll,(c t~p trung c6 phu'dng bat ky: c6 the du'a ve tong cua hai bai toan (H.6f).
P1 ..L tn,Jc thanh

Y---+~ P2 = trl}c thanh
H.6f
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH e~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT f)QNG
~ 'A '
3.2 H~ DAM VA KHUNG

3.2.1 Dam don gian
3.2.1.1 Phan tich cau t~o h~
1. f>jnh nghia: Dam ddn gian Ia h~ gom mQt thanh thang noi voi tnfli dat bang so
lien ket tu'dng du'dng voi ba lien ket lo;;~i mQt de t;;~o thanh h~ BBH.
2. Phan lo~i
- Dam ddn gi2m hai dau khop. (H.7a)
- Dam ddn gian c6 dau thua. (H.7b)
- Dam cong xon. (H.7c)
H.7a H.7b R7c
3.2.1.2 Xac djnh cac thanh phan phan h!c

Trang h~ dam ddn gian, ton l;;~i ba th2mh phan phan llfc. each xac djnh da du'qc
trlnh bay trong phan xac djnh phan hjc, Tuy nhien, de tranh vi~c giai h~ phu'dng trlnh
toan hQC, nen thiet l~p sao cho trong m6i phu'dng trlnh chi CO mQt an SO. each thlfC
hi~n nhu' sau:
- Neu hai an con l;;~i dong quy t;;~i mQt diem I, phu'dng trlnh can thiet l~p Ia tong mo
men toan h~ doi voi diem I bang khong. (~MI = 0)
- Neu hai an con l;;~i song song nhau, phu'dng trlnh can thiet l~p Ia tong hlnh chieu
toan h~ len phu'dng vuong g6c hai an song song bang khong. (~Z = 0, Z c6
phu'dng vuong g6c voi phu'dng hai an song song)
- Neu hai an con l;;~i Ia m9t life va m9t mo men, phu'dng trlnh can thiet l~p, Ia tong
hlnh chieu len phu'dng vuong g6c cua an life bang khong. (~Z = 0, Z c6 phu'dng
vuong g6c voi phu'dng an life)
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TINH D~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG BAT DQNG
Vi d!J 3
a. Xac dinh phim lf/c cria h~ cho tren hinh (H.7d)
Cck thimh ph~m phim hfe gam (VA, HA, Vs)
- HA : :LX = 0 => f1(HA) = 0 => HA

- VA : :LMI = 0 => f2(VA) = 0 =>VA
- VB : :LMA = 0 => f3(VB) =0 => VB H.7d
b. Xac dinh phim life cria h~ cho tren hinh (H.7e)
y
- HA : :LX = 0 => f4(HA) = 0 => HA MA p
A
- MA : :LMA = 0 => f5(MA) = 0 => MA ~ VA H.7e
B X
- VA : :LY = 0 => f6(VA) = 0 =>VA
c. Xac dinh va ve cac bieu ao n9i lljc

- Xae djnh n(>i hfe t~;~i eae th§t di~n d~e tning: da trlnh bay
- Dlfng tung dQ bieu do t~;~i eae tiet di~n d~e tning.
- v~ bieu do n(>i life tren tUng do~;~n thanh theo eae lien h~ vi phan giU'a nQi life va
ngo~;~i life.
d. Kiem tra l~i bieu ao n9i /ljc: aa trinh bay.

cAc vi ov vi DAM aoN GIAN
Vi d!J 1: Ve cac bieu do nQi h!c cua dam cho tren hinh (H.Sa)
a. Xac dinh cac thanh phan phim /ljc (V.4, H.4, Vs)
- :LX = 0 => HA = 0.
- :LMA = 0 => S.VB- 6.30 - 10.4.2 = 0 =>VB = 32,5 (>0)
- :LMB = 0 => 8.VA- 2.30- 10.4.6 = 0 =>VA= 37,5 (>0)
Kie'm tra: :LY = o

~ - q.4- P +VA+ Vs =0
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI lVC TRONG KET CAU TINH BJNH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT BQNG
~ -4.10- 30 + 37,5 + 32.5 = o (dung)
VA 2m
BYL
Yo 0
H.8a
rmmwn~lllll~ (~m)
I 20 I 70 I I .
~Itt
37 5
• ~2 f1'''M'"!IIII&II~32,s@
(kN)
®
(kN)
b. Xac djnh npi 11/C t€1i cac tie"t di~n die tru'ng
Ti;!i B: Ms = 0; Qs = -vs = -32,5; Ns = 0.
Ti;!i C: Me= VA.4- q.4.2 = 37,5.4- 10.4.2 = 150- 80 = 70.
Qc =VA- q.4 = 37,5 - 10.4 = 2,5; Nc = 0.
Ti;ti D: Mo = +Vs.2 = 32,5.2 = 65.
T9i D c6 hfc t~p trung nen bieu do (Q) c6 bu'oc nhay.
Qoc = +VA- q.4 = -2,5; Qos = -vs = 32,5
c. Ve cac bieu ao npi life cuoi cimg

- Bieu do momen (M)
• Tren do9n AC c6 q phan bo deu nen c6 tung dQ treo:
q(2 10.42
f=-=--=20
8 8
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
- Bieu do h/c cat (Q)
• La nhung doi;~n du'ong th2mg.
- Bieu do h/c dQC (N)
• La nhung doi;~n du'ong thang.
d. Kiem tra lifli cac bieu cfo tla ve: Tf/ kiem tra.
Vi d~ 2: Ve c;:)c bieu do nQi h!c cua dam cho tren hinh (H.9a)
Quy tai trQng ph€m bo deu ve tac dl,mg tren du'ong nam ngang:
qtd = _q_ = 2 = 2.309

cosa cos30°
I ;::
@ 1,154
I '·
~
(T.m) I I r;
,10,618 I
~~
I c
@) ,..
(T)
,-_
®
(T)
r:
c
t:
a. Xac tljnh cac thimh phan phim 11/C (MA, HA, Va)
- LX = 0 => HA = 0.
- LMr =0
=> MA + M- 2.P- qtd.2.1 = 0.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH f)JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT f)QNG
=> MA + 3,5 - 2.3 - 2,309.2.1 = 0.
=> MA = +7,118 (>0)
- ~y =0 => Vs - P- qtd.2 =0
=> Vs- 3 - 2.309.2 = 0
=> Vs = +7,618 (>0)
b. Xac djnh n()i life t{li cac tii!'t di~n d~c trllng
- Tc;~i A: MA = 7,118; QA = 0; NA = 0.
- Tc;~i B: Ms = 0; Qs = -Vs.cos300= -7,618.cos300 = -6,597.
Ns = Vs.sin300 = 7,618.sin300 = 3,809.

- Tc;~i C: MeA= 7,118; Mco = MA + M = 7,118 + 3,5 = 10,618.
QcA = Qco = 0, NcA = Nco = 0.
- Tc;~i D: Mo = MA + M = 10,618; Qoc = 0; QoB = -P.cos300= -3.cos300 = -2,598.
Nco= 0; Nos = P.sin300 = 3.sin300 = 1,5
c. Ve cac bieu tfo n()i 11/c cuoi cung

- Bieu do momen (M)
- Bieu do h/c d3t (Q)
- Bieu do h/c dQc (N)
d. Kiem tra l{li cac bieu tfo dave: Tt/ kiem tra.
Vi diJ 3: Ve cac bh!u c.'lo nQi h!c cua dam cho tren hinh ve H.lO
Nh~n xet rang neu ta giG' lc;~i phan ben phai khi xet c2m bang m()t phan h~ thl
khong can quan tam den phan ll,(c.
a. Xac c.'ljnh n()i h!c t'i cac tiet di~n c.'l'c tru'ng
- T«;~i C: Me= 0; Qc = Pt + P2.sin45°
Qc = 2.(1 + sin45°) = 3,414
Nc = -P2.cos45° = -2.cos45° = -1,414.

_-_l ___ :j_
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI Ll,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH DJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT DQNG
= -2.(1 + sin45°).2 = -6,828

MBA = MBc + M = -3,828
NB = -P2.COS45° = -1,414.
= -(2 + 2.sin45° ).4 + 3 +2.2.1 = -6,656
QA = P1 + P2.sin45°- 2.q =2 + 2.sin45° - 2.2
= -0,586; NA = -P2COS45° = -1,414.
b. Ve bieu c:to nQi h!c cuoi cung

M=3T.m P, = 2T
- Bieu tfo momen
~: trA.; . . . _'T"f_Br-;0-+---ht.!' - 2T
• Tren doi;~n AB c6 tai trqng q phan bo deu, c6
_ q =2T/m
tung d(> treo: l
1
2m
,
l 2m l
1
H.lO
2.2 2 q[Z ~56~:

PJitH~J ~
f=-=-=1
8 8
1 3,8281 1 (T.m)
I I 1 '
• Tren cck doi;~n con li;~i Ia nhung doi;~n thang.
- Bie'u tfo /ljc cat (Q): La nhung doi;~n thang.

~ 41110111~ ~1!11111 ~3,414@
: 0,586 l. l (T)
- Bieu tro lf/c d9c (NJ: La nhung doi;~n du'ong I I I
thang. ~~!~[-) lllll~!i~ 8111111\.414 ®

c. Kiem tra l~i cac bieu c:to c:ta ve: Tl/ kiem <n
tra.
3.2.2 Khung don gian

1. f>inh nghia: Khung ddn gian Ia h~ gom m(>t thanh gay khuc noi
mit
voi trai dat bang cac lien ket tu'dng du'dng ba lien ket loi;~i m(>t
ti;IO thanh h~ BBH. H.ll
BAI 3: PHAN TicH N()I LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH fl~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT flQNG
2. Xac dtnh cac thanh phan phan 11/c: Gam ba th~mh phan va du'qc xac djnh nhu'
truong hqp dam ddn giim.
3. Xac djnh va ve cac bieu do n{)i h,l'c
Tu'dng tlf tru'ong hqp dam ddn gian.
4. Kiem tra l~i cac bieu ao n{)i 11/C. (da trlnh bay)
Chu V:
- Nut khung c6 tfnh chat: tong mo men ng09i h/C va n(li h/C t9i cac dau thanh quy tt,J
vao nut khung bang khong (can bang mo men nut). Thu'ong sU' dt,Jng tfnh chat nay
de kiem tra Sl/ can bang mo men nut cho ket qua tfnh toan.
- Truong hqp d~c bi~t: m(lt nut c6 hai dau thanh quy tt,J
va khong chju mo men ngo9i ll,(c, mo men n(li ll,(c tc;~i
hai dau thanh d6 bang nhau ve gia trl va cung lam
d~ng tho ben trong hay ben ngoai.
cAc Vi DV VE KHUNG f>ON GIAN
Vi dl:l 1: Ve cac bieu do n{)i 11/C cua dam cho tren hinh H.13a
LX =0 => HA = 0.
P=JT
LMI = 0 => 4VA- 4.q.2- 6P = 0
=> 4VA- 4.2.2- 6.3 =0 B
VoE
lI ""'
I
LMA = 0 => -4.Vo + 4.q.2 - 2.P = 0
- !vA
H.13a 1
l
1
A I
=>-4.Vo + 4.2.2- 2.3 =0 => Vo = 2,5 (> 0) --------------til:
HA I
Kiem tra: LY =o J 2m 4m l
~ -q.4- P +VA + Vo =0
~ -2.4- 3 +8,5 + 2,5 =o (dung)
I l
BAI 3: PHAN TiCH NQI LI!C TRONG KET CAU TiNH D~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT DQNG
b. Xac dinh nQi hie t,i cac tiet di~n d~c tru'ng
T9i B: Ms = 0; Qs = -P = -3; Ns = 0.
T9i C: MeA= -3.HA = 0; Mcs = -2.P = -6; Mm = -2.P- 3.HA=-6;
QcA = -HA = 0; Qcs = -P = -3
Qco = -P +VA= -3 +8,5 = 5,5
NcA = -VA = -8,5; Ncs = 0; Nco = -HA = 0.
Kiem tra sl,( can bang mo men nut C (H.13b)
T9i D: Mo = 0, Qo = -Vo = -2,5; No = 0
c. Ve cac bh!u do nQi hie cuoi cung

- Bieu do momen (M)
• Trem do9n CD c6 q phan bo deu nen c6 tung d(> treo:
6
2.4 2
ql 2
f=-=-=4
B B
@
- Bieu do 11/c cat (Q): La nhU'ng doc;m du'ong thang. (T.m)
- Bieu cfo 11/c d9c (N): La nhU'ng do9n du'ong thang. H.13c
d. Kiem tra cac bieu do Cia ve: Tl/ kiem tra.
3 2.5
(§) @
(T) (T)
H.l3d H.l3e
8,5
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TINH DJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT DQNG
Vi d~J 2: Ve cac bieu do nQi ll!c cua dam cho tren hinh H.14a.
P=2
H.14a
---t...::D-0-~------------r
4m
~--~=---~----~~--~
4m Vc
a. Xac djnh cac thimh ph'an phan ll!c: {VA, Fe. HB}
LX = 0 => HB = -P
=> HB = -2( <0).
4q 4
L.M1 = 0 => -8Vc + 4P + 4.q.2 +
2 ( 3 +4) = 0
4 12 4
-8Vc + 4.2 + 4.1,2.2 + ' ' ( +4) = 0 => Vc = 3,8>0
2 3
4q 2
L.Mc = 0 => 8VA + 4P- 4.q.6--( -.4) = 0
2 3
. 4.q
* KH~mtra: l:Y = 0~~ + Vc-4.q --y=O
Kiem tra L.Y = o =>VA+ vc- 4.q- ~q = o => 3,4+3,8-4.1,2-

4
·j'2 =0 (dung)
b. Xac djnh nQi ll!c t~i cac tiet di~n d~c tru'ng
- Tii!i A: MA = 0; QA = VA = 3,4; NA = -P = -2.
- Tii!i B: MB = 0; QB = -HB = -( -2) = 2; NB = 0
- Tii!i D: MoA = 4.VA- 4.q.2 = 4.3,4- 4.1,2.2 = 4.
MoB= -4HB = -4 (-2) = 8.
MoE= 4VA- 4.q.2- 4HB = 4.3,4- 4.1,2.2- 4.(-2) = 12
Kiem tra can bang mo men nut D: (tl/ kiem tra)
QoA =VA- 4.q = 3,4- 4.1,2 = -1,4

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
QoB = -HB = -(-2) = 2; QoE =VA- 4.q = -1,4.
NoA = -P = -2; NoB = 0; NoE = -P -HB = 0.
- Tc;~i E: MED = 0; MEc = 0; Qm = -Vc = -3,8; QEc = 0.
Nm = 0; NEe= -Vc = -3,8.
c. Ve cac bieu do nQi h!c cuoi cung

- Bieu do momen (M)
• Tren doc;~n AD c6 q phan bo deu nen c6 tung

d9 treo:
@
(Tm) H.l4b
• Tren doc;m DE c6 q phan bo tam giik nen c6

tung dq treo:
@
(T) H.l4c
- Bieu do h!c dh (Q)

• Tren doc;~n DE c6 q phan bo tam giik 2
nen c6 tung dq treo:
® H.l4d
(T)
ql 1,2.4
f = 8. cos a= - -. 1 = 0,6
8 3,8
- Bieu era h!c dqc (N)

• Tren doc;~n DE c6 q phan bo tam gic:k nen c6 tung dq treo:
ql 1,2.4
f =s-.sina=--.o = 0
8
aAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI Ll,fC TRONG KET CAU TiNH 9JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
• Tren cck doc;m con l;;~i Ia nhG'ng do;;~n thang.
d. KU!m tra l~i cac bieu do da ve: Tl/ kiem tra.
Vi d1:1 3: Ve cac bieu do nQi hie cua dam cho tren hinh H.lSa
Quy tai trQng phan bo deu ve tc:k dl,lng tren du'ong nam ngang:
,; q 1,2
qL = -- = = 1,346.
cosa cos30°
4m ~ 2m J 2m
a. Xac d!nh cac thimh phan phan h,l'c:{VA, HA, Vc}
- l:X = 0 => HA = 0.
=> 6VA- 4.qta.4 + 2.P = 0
=> 6.VA- 4.1,346.4 + 2.2 = 0.
=>VA = 2,922 (>0)
- l:MA = 0 => -6.Vc + 4.qta.2 + 8.P = 0 => -6.Vc + 4.1,346.2 + 8.2 = 0
=> Vc = 4,461 (>0)
Kiem tra: l:Y = o ~ - qta.4- P +VA+ Vc = o

~ -1,346.4- 2 + 2,922 + 4,461 = o (dung)
b. Xac djnh nQi h,l'c t~i cac tiet di~n d~c tru'ng
- T;;~i A: MA = 0; QA = VA.cos30°= 2,922.cos30° = 2,530;

BAI 3: PHAN TICH N(li LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
NA = - VA.sin30° = -1,461.
- T9i B: Ms = 2.Vc- 4.P = 2.4,461 - 4.2 = 0,922.
QsA = VA.cos30°- 4.qtq.cos30° = -2,132; Qsc = P-Vc= -2,461.
NsA = -VA.sin30° + 4.qt0 .sin30° = 1,231; Nsc = 0.
- Ti;!i C: Me= -2.P = -2.2 = -4;
Qcs = -Vc + P = -2,461;
Qco = P = 2; Nc = 2. 0,922
- Ti;!i D: Mo = 0; Qo = P = 2; No= 0.
@ H.ISb
(T.m)
Kil~m tra sl,( can bang mo men nut B: Tl,( kiem
tra
c. Ve cac bieu do nQi h/C cuoi cung

- Bieu do momen (M)
• Trem do9n AB c6 qto phan bo deu nen c6 tung dQ treo:
qta.l 2 1,346.4 2
f = -8- = 8 = 2,692.
• Tren Cik doi;)n con li;!i Ia nhCi'ng doi;)n thang.
- Bieu do h/c c~t (Q): La nhCi'ng do9n du'ong thang.
Bieu do h/c dQC (N): La nhCi'ng doi;)n du'ong thang.
1,231
@ 2,132 2.461
(T) H.1Sc
@ H.15d
(T)
d. Kiem tra l'i cac bieu do dave: Tl,l' kiem tra.

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH a~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT £>QNG
.... ,
· 3.3 H~ BA KHOP
3.3.1 Phan tfch cau t~o h~
1. f>jnh nghia: H~ ba khop Ia h~ gom hai miE~ng cU'ng noi voi (C)A(B)
nhau bang mqt khop va lien ket voi trai dat bang hai khop
(goi co dinh) de tc;1o thanh h~ BBH. H.16
2. Tinh cha't cua h~ ba khop
- Trong h~ luon ton tc;1i thanh ph2m h/c nam ngang ngay ca khi tai tn;>ng chi tac dt,mg
theo phu'dng thang dU'ng.
- Nqi h/C trong h~ ba khop (momen uon va h/C cat) n6i chung Ia nh6 hdn trong h~
ddn gian cung nhjp, cung chju tai trQng.
3. Phan lo,i h~ ba khop
- Vom ba khop: Khi cac mieng cU'ng cua h~ Ia nhCi'ng thanh cong (H.17a). Trong
vom ba khop, n6i chung phat sinh day du ba thanh phan nqi h,(c.
- Khung ba khop: khi cac mieng cU'ng cua h~ Ia nhCi'ng thanh gay khuc (H.17b).
Trong khung ba khop, n6i chung phat sinh day du ba thanh phan nqi hfc.
- Dan ba khop: Khi cac mieng cU'ng cua h~ Ia nhCi'ng dan phang tinh djnh (H.17c).
Trong dan ba khop, cac thanh chi ton tc;li hjc dQC.
H.17b H.l7c
H.17d
4. U'u, nhu'Q'c diem cua h~ ba khop
- U'u cliem
• Tiet ki~m v~t li~u.
• C6 the vu'qt qua du'qc nhCi'ng nhjp Jon.

,-:-:--
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI Ll!C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
• H1nh dang kien true d~p.
- Nhu'Q'c diem
• Kh6 thi cong.
• Trang h~ luon ton t9i th2mh phan h/c xo ngang nen ket cau m6ng phuc t9p.
De kh~k phi,JC dieu nay, c6 the SU d1,1ng h~ ba khop c6 thanh ding.
3.3.2 Cac vi diJ ve h~ ba khop

Vi diJ 1: Ve cac bieu do n(}i lf:l'c cua h~ tren hinh ve
LMB = 0 => -l.HA + 5.VA- 4.q.5 - 3.P + M = 0
=> -l.HA + 5.VA- 4.2.5- 3.4 + 3,2 = 0
Fj·
=> -HA + 5.VA- 48,8 = 0 (a)
l.Mi!. = 0 => -4.HA + 2. VA- 4.q. 2 = 0 c~

ota( Yt H.24a (<")
=> -4.HA + 2.VA- 4.2.2 = 0. L_ B Ha

A Q X
=> -4.HA + 2.VA- 16 = 0 (b)
H,..
Tu (a), (b) giai ra VA= 9,955; HA = 0,977.
3m .L
LMA = 0 => -l.HB- 5.VB + 2.P +M = 0
=> -l.HB- 5.VB + 2.4 +3,2 = 0
=> -HB- 5.VB + 11,2 = 0 (c)
LMB= 0 => 3.HB- 3.VB + M = 0
=> 3.HB- 3.VB + 3,2 = 0. (d)
Tu (c), (d) giai ra VB= 2,044; HB = 0,977.
LX = o => HA- HB = o (dung)

LY = o =>VA+ VB- P -4.q = o (dung)
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH DJNH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT DQNG
b. Xac djnh n{)i 1\l'c t~i cac tU!t di~n d~c tru'ng
Tc;ti A: MA = 0; QA = -HA = -0,977; NA = -VA= -9,955.
Tc;ti D: Mo = 0; Qo = 0; No= 0.
Tc;ti E: MED =:= -2.q.1 = -2.2.1 = -4; MEA= -4.HA = -4.0,977 = -3,911.
MEe = -2.q.1- 4.HA = -2.2.1- 4.0,977 = -·7,908.

QED = -2.q = -2.2 = -4; QEA = -HA = -0,977;
QEe = -2.q +VA= -2.2 + 9,955 = 5,955.
NED = 0; NEA = -VA= -9,955; NEe = -HA = -0,977.
Tc;ti C: Me= 0; QeE =VA- 4.q = 9,955 -2.4 = 1,955; QeF = -Vs = -2,044.
Ne = -HA = -0,977.
Tc;ti B: Ms = 0; Qs = Hs = 0,977; Ns = -Vs =-2,044.
Tc;ti F: MFs = 3.Hs = 3.0,977 = 2,91; MFe = -3.Hs -M = -3.0,977 - 3,2 = -6,11.
QFB = Hs = 0,977; QFe = -Vs =-2,044.
NFB = -Vs = -2,044; NFe = -Hs = -0,977.

c. Ve cac bieu do n{)i 1\I'C cuoi cung
- Bieu do mo men (M)
• Trem doc;tn DE & EC c6 q ph€m bo deu nen

c6 tung dq treo:
q.l 2 2.2 2
J=-=-=1
8 8
H.24b
• Trem cac doc;tn con lc;ti Ia nhG'ng doc;tn thang.
- Bieu do 1\l'c cat (Q): La nhG'ng doc;tn du'ong thang.
@
(T)
H.24c 0,977
BAI3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'CTRONG KET CAU TINH DJNH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT DONG
- Bieu t'fo h!c dQc (N): U:~ nhCi'ng doc;~n du'ong

thzmg
d. Kiem tra 1\li cac bieu t'fo t'fa ve : Tl/ kiem

tra.
F G
oP( j H
KJ B
c
Vi d!J 2: ve cac bieu t'fo n(}i h!c cua h~
D
~
. Q
YL E
X
H.28a
VI!
tren hinh ve
~ 2m ~ 2m ! 2m
•l
2m l
a. Xac t'fjnh cac thimh phan phim h/C
P=2T
- o~ thay VA = Vs = 6; HA = o. l
K
- Xac d!nh cac ph2m ll,(c tc;~i Vi tri mieng cU'ng
noi thanh d3ng. Tckh thanh ding GH. Cac
G
thanh ph2m phan llfc gam: (VG, HG, VH, HH).
• Xet c€m blimg thanh ding GH:

D
o~ thay vG = vH = 6.
• Xet can bang ph2m h~ ben du'oi:
Dung m~t d~t 1-1, xet can bang ph2m ben trai:
Tu'dng tl,(, xet can bang ph an ben phai:
b. Xac t'fjnh n(}i h!c t\li cac tiet di~n t'f'c tru'ng
De thu~n lqi cho vi~c xck d!nh n(li llfc, ta tach rieng h~ ra lam hai phan d(lc l~p nhu'
luc xac d!nh phan ll,(c lien ket trong cac thanh d3ng.
Tc;~i F: MF = 0; QF- p = -2; NF = 0.
Tc;~i G: MGF = -2.P = -2.2 = -3; MGH = -2.P = -4; MGo = 0.
QGF = -P = -2; QGH = VG - P = 6 - 2 = 4; QGo = -Ho = - 6.

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH fl~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG BAT flQNG
NGF = 0; NGH = -HG- 6; NGD = -VG = -6.
Ti;!i D: MoA = 2.VA = 2.6 = 12; MoH = 2.HG = 2.6 = 12; Moe= 2.VA- 2.HG = 0.
QoA = VA= 6; QoG = -HG = -6; Qoe =VA- VG = 0.
NoA = 0; NoG = -VG = -6; Noe = HG = 6.
Ti;!i C : Me= 0; Qe =VA- VG = 0; Ne = HG = 6.
Tu'dng tl/ cho cac tiet di~n con li;!i.
c. Ve cac bieu do nqi h!c cuoi cung

- Bieu do momen (M)
• Tren do9n GH c6 q phan bo deu nen c6 tung dQ treo:
q.lz 2.42
f -
- --
8
- --4
8
-
- Bieu do h!c cat (Q): La nhCi'ng doi;ln th2mg.
®
:)::::::::::::::1
6 6
(T)
H.28e
- Bieu do h!c dqc (N): La nhCi'ng do9n du'ong thang
d. Kiem tra l'i cac bieu do dave: tl/ kiE~m tra.

-I
I I ..
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH P'NH CH'U TA.I TRQNG BAT PQNG
A I
3.4 H~ GHEP
3.4.1 Phan tich h~
1. f>jnh nghia: Ia h~ gam nhieu li~ lien ket voi nhau bang cac lien ket voi nhau bang
cac lien ket khop ho~c thanh va noi voi trai da't b~mg cac goi tlfa de t;;~o thanh h~ BBH.
2. Vi dl:l
,....---.....,...-o D ~:1---..,..,
c;A lB C
H.40a
l E lF
khdpA khdpC
(ABC)+ Tr:ii ddt ----IJ!IIi>. MC + (CDE) - - - • • MC + (EF) --+-
thanh B thanh D
3 thanh
----.~ MC duy nMt.
(E) va (F)
Nhu' v~y, c6 the xem h~ da cho gam cac h~ ABC, CDE, EF Ia nhG'ng h~ dam ddn gi~m.
khdpA kMpC
(ABC)+ Tr:ii d:it ---•IJ!I MC + (CDE) ---•11- MC + (EF) ~
tbanh B thanhD
kbdpE
---•• MC duy nhdt.
thanhF
Nhu' v~y, c6 the xem h~ da cho gam cac h~ ABC, CDE, EF Ia nhG'ng h~ khung ddn
gi2m.
khdpA
c;
A
1
c
HAOc
lE
(ABC)+ T. dh - - - • • MC + (CDE) __...,.
thanh B
bakhdp
B ----l•li> MC duy nhk
C,D,E
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KIET CAU TINH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
Nhu' v~y, c6 the xem h~ da cho gam cck h~ ABC (dam ddn giim), CDE (h~ ba khop).
khdpA khiip c
(ABC) + T. d~t ----1JI• MC +(CD) - - - - • . . , MC duy nh~t
thanh B thanh 0
Nhu' v~y, c6 the xem h~ da cho gam cck h~ ABC, CD Ia nhung h~ dan.
Nh~n xet
- C6 the xay dl,(ng h~ ghep bang each phat trien mieng cU'ng.
- Thea chieu phat trien mieng cU'ng, ta lo;;~i bo mieng cU'ng tru'oc thl h~ con l;;~i se b! BH.
3. Cau t,o cua h~ ghep
- H~ chinh: Ia h~ ma neu lo;;~i bo nhO'ng h~ ian c~n n6 v§n BBH.
Vf d1,1: cac h~ dau tientrong sd do phat trien cua h~ cua cac h~ o tren.
- H~ ph~:~: Ia h~ ma neu lo;;~i bo cac h~ lan c~n thl n6 bj BH.
Vf d1,1: cac h~ tn1 h~ dau tien trong sd do phat trien h~ cua cac h~ otren
- H~ trung gian: Ia h~ ph1,1 nhu'ng Ia h~ chfnh cua h~ khac.
Vf d1,1: h~ CDE trong h~ tren hlnh (H.40a va H. 40b).
3.4.2 Nguyen t~c lam vi~c cua h~ ghep

- Tai trQng tac d1,1ng len h~ chfnh chi gay ra n9i ll,l'c trong h~ chfnh, khong gay ra n9i
ll,(c trong h~ ph1,1. Luc nay, do h~ qua bien d;;~ng cua h~ chfnh, h~ ph1,1 chi bj
nghieng di ma khong bien d;;~ng nen khong xuat hi~n n9i ll,(c.
- Tai trQng tac d1,1ng len h~ ph1,1 thl gay ra nQi ll,(c trong ca h~ phy va h~ chfnh. Tai
trQng se truyen ap ll,(c tu h~ phl,l len h~ chfn~ thong qua lien ket noi giua h~ phl,l
va h~ chfnh.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI U,I'C TRONG KET CAU TINH DJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT DQNG
3.4.3 Tinh toan h~ ghep

Cac bu'oc tien h~mh nhu' sau:
- Bu'oc 1: Phan tfch cau t~;~o h~, xac dinh h~ chfnh, h~ phl,J, h~ trung gian
- Bu'oc 2: Tach h~ ghep ra th~mh nhieu h~ tach bi~t, sap xep theo thU' tlf: h~ phl,J
tru'oc, h~ chfnh sau. Doi voi h~ phl,J, thay the lien ket doi voi h~ chfnh cua n6 bang
lien ket tu'dng du'dng noi dat.
- Bu'oc 3: Giai lan lu'qt cac h~ theo thU' tlf: h~ ph1,1 tru'oc, h~ chfnh sau. Khi tfnh h~
chfnh, phai truyen phan 11/c tU' h~ ph1,1 (cua n6) viw. Truyen t~;~i vi trf lien ket giU'a
h~ phl,J va h~ chfnh, CO gia trj bang phi:m h/C khi tfnh cho h~ phl,J va CO chieu ngu'gc l«;~i.
Sau khi giai cho tat ca cua h~ th~mh phan, ghep cac biE~u do n(li 11/C l«;~i voi nhau, se
du'qc ket qua can tlm.
3.4.4 Cac vi d~J ve h~ ghep

Vi dl:l 1: Ve cac bieu do nqi hie cua h~ cho tren hinh (H.41a)
a. Phan tich h~
khdpA
(ABCD) + T. dat
thanh D
Ill MC +(BE)____..,.
Ay @" B oP( Jl E ~
k:hdp B
OL X
c DJ
- - - • • MC duy nhdt.
1 2m l 2m 1
thanh E H.41a
H~ da cho Ia h~ ghep, h~ chfnh ABCD (h~ khung ddn gian) va h~ phl,J BE (h~ dam
ddn gian).
b. Gii.li ran lu'Qt cac h~ ddn gian
H~ phf:l BE (H.41b)
- xac dinh phim hfc VB, HB: de thay HB = o; VB = vE = q.2/2 = 1.2.

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TINH flJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT flQNG
- Xac djnh nqi h,(c t;;~i cac tiel di~n d~c tning:
T;;ti B: Ms = 0; Qs = Vs = 1,2; Ns = 0
T;;ti E: ME = 0; QE = -VE = -1,2; NE = 0.
- Ve cac bieu do nqi h,(c (M!), (Q1), (N1)
• Bieu do momen: tung dq treo f = q.l 2/8 = 1,2.2 2/8 = 0,6.
• Bieu do 11/c cat: Ia do;;tn du'ong thang.

• Bieu do h!c dqc: Ia do;;~n du'ong thang.
H.41b
H~ chinh ABCD (H.41c)
~X= 0 :::} HA = 0.
2:Mo = 0 :::} 4VA- 2.q.3 - 2P- 2Vs = 0
:::} 4VA- 2.1,2.3 - 2.2- 1,2.2 = 0
:::} VA= 3,4 (> 0) HAle c---.. . . . n

2:MA = 0:::} -4.Vo + 2.q.1 + 2.P +2.Vs = 0 fvn
:::} -4.Vo + 2.1,2.1 + 2.2 +2.1,2 = 0
:::} Vo = 2,2 (> 0)
Kiem tra: D~ thay thea phu'dng trlnh 2:Y =o

- Xac dinh n9i lf/c t?i cac tie't di~n a?c tning
T;;ti A: MA = 0; QA =VA = 3,4;
T;;ti B: MsA = 2.VA- 2.q.1 = 2.3,1- 1,2.2.1 = 4,4

- '
1
I I
BAI 3: PHAN TiCH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TINH B'NH CH'U TAl TRQNG BAT BQNG
Msc = -2.Vo = -2.2,2 = -4,4
QsA =VA- 2.q = 3,4- 2.1,2 = 1; NsA = 0.
Qsc = 0; Nsc = -Vo = -2,2.
T<;~i C: Mcs = -2.Vo = -2.2,2 = -4,4; Qcs = 0; Ncs = -Vo = -2,2.
Mco = 2.Vo = 2.2,2 = 4,4; Qco = -Vo = -2,2; Nco = 0.

Tc;~i D: Mo = 0; Qo = -Vo = -2,2; No = 0.
- Ve cac bieu do nQi 11/C (M2), (Q2), (NZ) (H.41d)
• Bieu do momen: tren AB c6 tung d(l treo f = q.l 2/8 = 1,2.22/8 = 0,6.
• Bieu do ll/c cat Ia nhCi'ng doc;~n thang.
2,2
3,
• Bieu do ll/C dQC Ia nhCi'ng doc;~n thang.
c. Ve 9QP cac bieu do n(?i hie (H.41e)
1,2
®
(T)
Vi d~ 2: ve cac bieu do n(?i hie cua cac he cho tren hinh (H.42a)
H~ da Ia h~ ghep cua ba h~:
- H~ 3 khop ABEFGH, cac khop Ia H, G va khop gia tc;~o boi hai thanh AE va BF. Day
Ia h~ ph~:J.
- H~ dam LMD, Ia h~ ph1,1.

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TINH D~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT DQNG
- H~ khung CHKL, Ia h~ chinh.
Qua trlnh tinh toan trlnh bay trem hlnh (H.42b).
Ket qua bieu do nQi h,(c tren toan h~ tren h1nh (H.42c, d, e)
P= lOT P= lOT
E~--~----~----~~-o~~--r-----~~--~----~~
0 F K
M=40T.m L
Jt H.42a
A B ct:< c
J 2m .l 2m 1 2m l 2m J 3m 1 3m l 2m l 2m ~
P"" lOT
E 0 F
q= 16
B
K L
V8 =20 M=40
R42b
c
@
(T.m) H.42c
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT BQNG
H.42d
®
(T}
@ H.42e
(T)
20 59
Vi d~,:~ 3: Xac djnh h,tc dQc trong thanh dim (3-8), (1-7) cua h~ dim cho tren hinh
(H.34a)
H~ d~m da cho c6 the xem nhu' h~ ghep va phan tich thanh h~ chinh va ph1,1 nhu'
tren hlnh ve.
Dung m~t cat 1-1 tach mat 3
l:Y=O
=> -NH.sin45" + V1 = 0
2 p
=> N18 = 0,5.P. .J2 = J2 (> 0)
- Dung m~ clit "ddn gian"

2-2 tren ~ chinh
:EYPh = 0
=> NH.cos45" - P - P - ..l a ..l a
-o.s.P = o
J2
=> NI-J"T = ~.P
=> N1-1 = ~(> 0)
Vc
BAI 3: PHAN TicH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH flJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT flQNG
A '- 'A
3.5 H~ DAN DAM

3.5.1 Phan tich h~
1. Djnh nghia: Ia h~ gam Cck thanh thang lien ket voi nhau chi bang cck khop ly
tl.tong o hai dau m6i thanh de t<;~o thanh h~ BBH.
2. Cau t,o cua dan
- Khoimg each giiJ hai goi tt.fa gQi Ia nhjp dan.
- Cac khop cua dan gQi Ia cac mat dan.
- Cac thanh dan nam tren du'ong bien dan gQi Ia cac thanh bien (gom bien tren va
bien du'oi).
- Cac thanh dan nam ben trong biem gQi Ia cac thanh b1,1ng (gam thanh dung va
thanh xien).
- Khoimg each giua hai mat dan thUQC cung m(>t du'ong bien gQi Ia dot.
Mlt
Thanhxi~n
H.32
..l
3. cac gia thiet de tinh dan
- Mat dan phai nam t<;~i giao diem cua tr1,1c cac thanh dan va Ia khop ly tu'ong (c6 the
xoay tl/ do, khong rna sat).
- B6 qua trQng lu'qng ban than cua cac thanh dan.
- Tai trQng chi tac d1,1ng len mih dan.
V~y cac thanh dan lam vi~c nhu' cac lien ket thanh, nghia 13 chi tOn t<;~i 11./C dQC.
4. Dtic diem cua h~ dan
- Tiet ki~m v~t li~u.
- TrQng lu'qng ban than be.

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
- c6 the vu'qt qua du'qc nhCi'ng nhjp lon.
- Kh6 thi c6ng, lap dl,l'ng.
3.5.2 Xac djnh nqi h!c trong cac thanh dan

C6 nhieu phu'dng phap khac nhau. o day chi trlnh bay phu'dng phap giai tich
1. Phu'dng phap tach mih: nQi dung cua phu'dng phap Ia di khao sat sl,( can b2mg
cua tltng mat du'qc tach ra kh6i dan. Thl,l'c ra day Ia tru'ong hqp d~c bi~t cua
phu'dng phap m~t cat voi h~ ll,(c khao sat Ia h~ h/C dong quy.
Cac bu'oc tien hanh nhu' sau:
- Xac djnh cac thanh ph2m phan ll,(c (neu c6).
- L2m lu'Qt tach cac mat ra kh6i dan bang cac m~t cat quanh mat.
- Thay the tac dt,mg cua thanh dan bj cat bang ll,(c dqc trong thanh d6. Luc dau, cac
ll,(c dQC chu'a biet, gia thiet CO chieu du'dng (ve hu'Ong ra ngoai mat).
- Khao sat sl,( can bang cua tUng mat: ll,(c tac dt,mg len mat gam ngoi;~i ll,l'c t~p trung
(neu c6) va ll,(c dqc theo cac thanh dan. Day Ia h~ ll,l'c dong quy nen thu'ong su
d1,1ng hai phu'dng hlnh chieu theo hai phu'dng kh6ng song song.
- Khao sat can bang cho tat ca cac mat, se du'qc h~ thong cac phu'dng trlnh. Giai h~
phu'dng trlnh se xac djnh du'QC cac ll,l'c dQC can tim. Neu ket qua mang dau du'dng
thl ll,(c dQC gay keo (dung chieu da gia djnh) va ngu'QC l~i.
• Minh hqa: tach va xet can bang mat so 7 cua h~·dan tren hlnh (H.33a).
3
VA =I,SP H.33a
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH a,NH CHJU TAl TRQNG BAT f>QNG
Hai phu'dng trlnh din bang hlnh chieu thea hai phu'dng c6 the thiet l~p:
l:X = 0 =:> N7•8 + N7-4.cosct- NH> - N7-2.cosa. = 0.

l:X = 0 =:> NH + N7•2.sina + N7-4.sina - P = 0.
• De tranh giai h~ phu'dng trlnh toan hQC, ta di thiet l~p dieu ki~n can bang sao
cho trong m6i phu'dng trlnh chi chua m9t an so. each tien hanh nhu' sau:
o Tach mat thea thU' tl/ sao cho tc;~i m8i mat chi c6 toi da hai gn so chu'a biet.
o De tlm hfc dQc trong thanh chu'a biet thu nhat, ta thiet l~p phu'dng trlnh
can bang hlnh chieu len phu'dng VUOng g6c VOi thanh chua hjc dQC chu'a
biet thu hai.
• Minh hQa: tro li;~i vi dl,l tren hlnh (H.33a) ta c6 th€ tach m5t the~ tlf:
1-76-72-73 ... chang hi;ln, tach mat 1:
/N•-z
_ .~a .,N
l: X = 0 => N1 _2 sina + 1,5P = 0 => N1 _2 = - :
15
<0 HA=O fA 1-6
sma
VA =l,SP
(Z ..l thanh 1-2) H.33c
l: Z = 0 => N1 _6 sina -1,5Pcosa = 0 => N 1 _2 = 1 · S~cosa >0

Stna
Cac h~ qua rut ra tit phu'dng phap tach mat
- H~ qua 1: neu m(?t mat chi c6 hai thanh khong

thang himg (bQ dQi) va khong chju tai trQng tac
dl,lng thl h/c dQc trong hai thanh d6 bang khong
LN2 N, ...•t-+--<~
/N3
• N2
Nt
(can bang mat tren hlnh H.34a, N1 = N2 = 0). H.34a H.34b
- H~ qua 2: neu mQt mat c6 ba thanh, trong d6
c6 hai thanh thang hang va khong chju tai trQng tac dl,lng thl n9i hjc trong thanh
khong thang hang bang khong; trong hai thanh thang hang thl bang nhau ve gia
trj va cung gay keo hay gay nen (can bang mat tren hlnh H.34b. N3 = 0, N1 = N2).
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH D~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT DQNG
Chu V: khi tinh d2m, nen su d1,mg hai h~ qua tren de loc;~i b6 nhO'ng thanh d2m
khong lam vi~c ngay tU' dau.
Vi dl:l 1: Xac t'ljnh hie dQC cua cac thanh dan trong h~ dan tren hinh
(H.35a)
p p
NH 'P N .s=PJ
1 8
~l8 ~a
74
4
fN-1-a~
4
H.3Sb
YL /
N,,ty
0 x H.35c 0~
Ap d1,mg h~ qua 1va 2, loc;~i bo cac thanh dan khong lam vi~c: (6-5), (6-10), (10-
9), (10-5), (9-8), (9-5), (5-4) va (5-2). Ket qua du'qc h~ tren hlnh (H.35b)
- Tach mat so 8:
{ 'I'IX~
Y- 0
0~N
N~
7 _8
4 _8 -
~0
-P
- Tach mat so 4:
'IY = 0 ~ -P -N4 _1 sin45° = 0 ~ N4 _1 =- ~<0

{
'IZ = 0 ~ N4 _3 sin45°- P sin45° = 0 ~ N4 _3 = P>O
Ket lu~n: N7-s = Ns-9 = N9-1o = Ns-9 = Ns-10 = NG-10 = N4-s = Ns-6 = Ns-2 = 0
Ghi chu: phu'dng phap tach mat co u'u dil~m Ia ddn gian, d~ ap dl,mg, nhu'ng tinh
toan sai n(?i h,tc cua 1 thanh d~n den sai n(?i ll,(c cac thanh khac.
2. PhU'd'ng phap mi[it cat t'ld'n gian

Npi dung: Xac djnh h,(c dQC trong cac thanh dan thUQC ml;>t m~t cat - cat dan ra
lam hai ph~m dl;>c l~p, trong do so thanh ph~m ll,(c dQc chu'a biet khong lon hdn ba.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TINH ll~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG BAT llQNG
cac bu'oc tien himh nhu' sau:
- Xac djnh cac th~mh ph2m phim h,(c (neu dm)
- Thl,(c hi~n "m~t cat ddn giim" qua thanh d2m dm xac djnh ll,(c dQC. Yeu cau: m~t
cat phai chia d~m ra lam ~ai phan dQC l~p. GiO' l~i va xet din bang m()t phan bat ky.
- Thay the tac d1,1ng cua thanh dan bj cat bang ll,l'c dQC trong thanh do. Luc dau, cac
ll,l'c dQc chu'a biet, gia thiet co chieu du'dng.
- Thiet l~p Cck dieu ki~n can bang: luc nay, ta c6 the thiet l~p ba phu'dng trinh can bang.
- Giai h~ ba phu'dng trlnh, se xac djnh du'QC ll,(c dQC can tlm. Ket qua ve dau cua nQi
ll,l'c, tu'dng tl/ phu'dng phap tach mat.
Minh hpa:
- M~t cat 1-1 tren hlnh

(H.36a) "m~t cat ddn
gian". Cac thanh phan ll,l'c
dQC can Xac djnh thUQC
m~t cat Ia N2-3, N2-s, N1-s.
H.36a
]
- M~t cat 2-2 tren hlnh a
(H.36a) cat qua bon thanh chu'a biet ll,l'c dQC N3-4, Ns-4, Ns-s, Ns-9, nen khong phai
Ia "m~t cat ddn gian".
- De tranh phai giai h~ thong phu'dng trlnh, can thiet l~p sao cho trong phu'dng trlnh
chi c6 m(lt an so. each thl,(c hi~n nhu' sau:
• Neu ll,l'c dQC trong hai thanh chu'a biet con l«;~i dong quy t«;~i m(lt diem, thl lay
tong can bang momen doi voi diem dong quy d6.
• Neu ll,l'c dQc trong hai thanh chu'a biet con lc;~i song song nhau, thl lay tong
hlnh chieu len phu'dng vuong goc voi phu'dng cua hai thanh song song do.
Vi dl:;l 1: Xac djnh hJ'c dQC trong thanh {2-3), {2-8) cua h~ dim tren hinh
(H.36a).
L M: = 0 => 2a.VA - a.P + a.N2 _3 = 0 => N2 _3 = -2P<O

BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,J'C TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
- Xck djnh N2-a:
Nh~n xet rang, voi m~t dh 2-2 tren h1nh (H.36a), c6 the xc:k djnh N3-4 bang each
viet phu'dng tr1nh can bang momen voi mat 8.
Vi dl:l 2: Xac d!nh h/C dQC cua cac thanh dan (1-3), (5-4), (3-6) trong h~
dan tren hinh (H.36b).
Day Ia h~ d2m ba khop. Cac thanh ph~m phim hjc xac djnh theo each cua h~ ba
khop, ket qua tren h1nh ve.
Theo h~ qua hai, N2-3 = o.

p
H.36b
-----
HA=P t1 V,. == l,SP
! a b a l a l a
Thtjc hi~n m~t cat 1-1:
Thtjc hi~n m~t cat 2-2:
3. Phu'dng phap mit cit phoi hqp
Npi dung: Tim each thiet l~p so lu'qng cac phu'dng tr1nh can bang chua cac an so
can t1m bang so lu'qng an so.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH flJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT flQNG
Phu'dng phap nay du'<;1c xay dljng dlja tren nh~n xet sau: khi th.iet l~p m<;>t phu'dng
trlnh can bang cho m<;>t m~t cat, n6i chung chi c6 the
6 7
lo9i tru toi da hai lljc dqc.
Nhu' v~y de tlm nQi lljc trong n thanh dan, thl can
phai thiet l~p n phu'dng trlnh. Nghia Ia dung n m~t
cat OQC l~p sao cho ml>i m~t cat c6 cat qua cac thanh
can xac d!nh lljc dqc va qua toi da them hai thanh
khac nCi'a. NQi lljc trong hai thanh nay se b! lo9i b6
khi thiE~t l~p phu'dng trlnh can bang.
Giai h~ n phu'dng trlnh, n an so se xac djnh du'qc H.37

cac lljc dqc can tlm
Vi dy: X.:k ajnh lljc d9c trong thanh dan (1-6) va (2-7) cua h~ dan tren hinh (H.37).
- Voi m~t cat 1-1:
3a 3a
'i,Ml=O=>Nz-72-Nl-62=0 (a)
- Voi m~t cat 2-2:
Giai h~ (a), (b), du'<;1c N1-6= Nz-7 = -P (gay nen)
3.6 H~ CO H~ THONG MAT TRUYEN Ll/C

3.6.1 Phan tich cau t~o h~
1. f>jnh nghia: Ia nhG'ng h~ ma tai

trqng khong tac dt,mg trljc tiE~·p
len ket cau ch!u lljc chinh ma
phai thong qua m<;>t h~ thong
truyen lljc.
2. f)~c c.'liem cua h~ co h~ thong .truyen h!c
- Co d!nh du'<;1c v! tri d~t lljc.

-,-,
/_--
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
- Giam nh~ trQng lu'qng cua cac ket cau chju ll,(c chfnh.
- Bao v~ cac ket cau chju ll,(c chfnh tranh bj hu' hong trong qua trlnh chju tai.
Chu y: cac ket cau h~ c6 h~ thong truyen ll,(c thu'ong g~p san nha, mai nha, ket
cau m~t cau ....
3.6.2 Tinh h~ co h~ thong m~t truyen h!c

- Phan dam dQC ph1,1: lam vi~c nhu' nhi:i'ng dam ddn gian ke len cac goi tl,(a t9i vj trf
cac mat truyen ll,(c.
- Phan ket cau chju ll,(c chinh: chju ap ll,(c w dam dQC phl,l thong qua Cclc mat truyem ll,(c.
Cac bu'oc tinh toan nhu' sau:
Bci{Jc 1.: Xem Cck dam dQC phl,l nhu' nhi:i'ng dam ddn gian ke len cac goi tl,(a t9i cac
mih truyen ll,(c va chju tai trQng tu'dng U'ng. h~ nay da biet each tfnh.
Bci{Jc 2: Tinh ket cau chju ll,(c chfnh.
- Truyen phan ll,(c tlt dam dQC ph1,1 vao (giong h~ ghep).
- Tinh ket cau chju ll,(c chfnh nhu' nhi:i'ng h~ thong thu'ong da biet.
Minh hQa:
1~ tP 1P
L Xt ! X i~ 5q
H.44b
Budcl
Nh?n xet: do tai trQng truyen vao ket cau chju ll/C chfnh nhi:i'ng ll,(c t~p trung nen
bieu do momen trong ket cau chju ll,(c chfnh c6 d9ng da giac, con bieu do h,(c d3t c6
d9ng hlnh thang.
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI Ll/C TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
3.6.3 Vi dl:l h~ co h~ thong mit truyen h!c

Vi df:l: ve cac bieu ao n{)i 11/C cua h~ CO h~ thO'ng truyen 11/C (H.44c)
a. Tinh chat dam dqc ph\1: Ia nhO'ng dam ddn giim, tinh du'qc d@ dang. 6 day chi
Xik djnh phfm h/C CUa no.
b. Tinh ket cau chju ll!c chinh: Ia dam ddn giim chju tai trQng Ia ap d1,mg tU cac
dQC dam dQC phl,l truyen vao. Ket qua the hi~n tren hlnh ve.
q=l,2T/m M=2,4T.m
lP=2T
f l i ~ :d· :r l:
;$: X
..l 2m L
'"
2m l 2m ..l 2m ..L 2m ..L 2m .l
I
i q=1.2T/m
f J j_ ::d
M = 2,4T.m
~P~2T
Vt u: l-
t 2,4T 2,4T tt 0,6T -o,6T t t1T t 1T
~2,4T ~ 3T t0.4T ~ lT
I
I .
*I
I
I
I
I
J:l I
I
1~1 '.·06 12 I
HA4c ~~~
I·1 06
~~I'M'
I I I \e:Y
I I ' I I I I (T.m)
I I I I I I .
illlr~d' II~.~~·~•~ '' '(;)" '~:7J.,,,f%,,i6/£'' •i @

I I I I I I (T)
I I I I I I
I I I I I '®
(T)
'_J_
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI U/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG BAT BQNG
.
CAU HOI ON TAP
Cau 1: Neu cac dc;mg phu'dng trlnh can bang va cac dieu dm lu'u y khi mo ta sl,( can
bang cua c<k h~ ll,(c phang: dong qui, song song, bat ky
Cau 2: Trlnh bay cck d!nh nghia va qui u'oc dau khi Xck d!nh nqi ll,(c t<;li mqt tiel di~n
cau 3: H~ ba khop: d!nh nghia, tinh chat, u'u khuyet diem
Cau 4: H~ ghep tinh d!nh: d!nh nghia, phan bi~t ket cau chinh, ket cau ph1,1 va tinh
chat ch[u ll,(c cua chung. Neu thu tl,( tien hanh khi tinh h~ ghep
Cau 5: H~ c6 h~ thong truyen ll,(c: d!nh nghia, y nghia cua vi~c sU' d1,1ng h~ thong
truyen ll,(c. Neu thu w tien hanh khi tinh h~ c6 h~ thong truyen ll,(c
Cau 6: Cach tinh dan theo phu'dng phap tach mat
Cau 7: Nqi dung phu'dng phap, ph;;~m vi ap dl,lng va u'u khuyet dh~m cua phu'dng phap.
Cau 8: Can thl,(c hit$n nhu' the nao de cho m6i phu'dng tr1nh din b~mg chi chua 1 an hjc
Cau 9: Cach tinh dan theo phu'dng phap m~t cat ddn gian
Cau 10: N(?i dung phu'dng phap, ph;;~m vi ap dl,lng va u'u khuyet diem cua phu'dng phap.
Cau 11: Can thl,(c hit$n nhu' the nao de cho m6i phu'dng tr1nh can bang chi chua 1 an ll,(c
Cau 12: Ve bieu do nqi ll,(c M, Q cua h~ ghep sau
-
a a a
BAI 3: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH £1~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG BAT £1QNG
A B
a
I, ~L?:. ,r a
~r a a
1 + + (j
Cau 14: Ve bieu do nQi h,(c M, Q, N cua h~ ba khop sau
I~
\
\ \
2
P=2qa M=qa
1 .
B c D
2a /
2a 2a 2a
~e 1/
~u 15: Tinh h,(c dQc trong thanh dim Nl, N2.
I
! , . [_I
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI Lt/C TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG OI BQNG
'
BAI4: PHAN TICH NOI
•
LliC
•
TRONG
KET CAU TiNH f>INH
•
CHIU
•
,
TAI TRONG
•
Dl f>ONG
•
-
Sau khi hQC xong bai nay, hQC vien c6 the:
- Nam c1£1cjc khai ni~m ve tai trc,mg di c19ng, vj trf bat lcji nhat va gia trj bat /cji nay
khi ke't cau chju tai di c19ng.
- Nam cJticjc khai ni~m c!u'ang anh hu'ang cua c1?i lticjng nghien crJu 5 (cJ.a.h 5) va
each ve cJtiang tmh hu'ang.
- Ve c!u'ang anh hUang cua dam va khung adn gian, cJ.a.h cua h~ 3 khap, cJ.a.h cua
h~ dan, cJ.a.h cua h~ ghep
- SLI dt.tng cJtiang anh hllang cJe tfnh gia trj cua c!?i lu'cjng nghien cL/u 5
, , A.
4.1 CAC KHAI NI~M
4.1.1 Tai trQng di dQng va nguyen tic tinh h~ chiu tai trQng
did9ng
1. Tai trQng di c.t()ng: Ia tai trQng c6 Vi trf thay doi tck dl,mg len cong trlnh nhu':
tai trQng cua doan xe, doan ngu'oi di chuyen tren cau ....
Khi tai trQng di d9ng tren h~, d9i lu'qng nghien cuu s (n9i h,(c, phan h,(c, chuyen
vi ... ) se thay doi. Do d6, khi nghien cuu h~ chiu tai trQng di dQng,ta phai giai quyet
hai nhi~m Vl,J:
Xac dinh Vi trf bat lqi hay con gQi Ia vi trf de tfnh cua tai trQng di dQng tren cong
trlnh Ia Vi trf cua tai trQng de sao cho ung voi Vi trf d6, d?~i lu'qng nghien cuu s c6 gia
tr! lon nhat hay nh6 nhat.
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH fiJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI fiQNG
Xck dinh tri so de tfnh hay con gqi Ia vi tri de tfnh Ia tri so Ion nhat ve trj tuy~t doi
CUa di;!i lu'qng nghiem CliU 5 U'ng VOi Vi tri de tfnh cua tai trqng di d(?ng.
2. Nguyen tac chung de tim vi tri bat IQ'i va gh~ tri de tinh
Gia thh§t khaang each giCi'a cac tai trqng di d(?ng tren cong trlnh Ia khong doi va vi
trf cua chung du'QC xac dinh thea mQt tQa dQ Chi;IY Z.
Thiet l~p bieu thU'c cua di;ii lu'qng nghien cU'u S thea vi trf cua tai trqng di dQng
(thea tqa dQ Z) bang cac nguyen tac nhu' da biet trang phan h~ chiu tai trqng bat
dc?ng. s Ia ham so thea z, S(z).
Tlm qfc tri cua ham S(z). Gia trj Ion nhat ha~c nh6 nhat cua cac cljc trj Ia gia tri de
tinh. Vi trf Zo tu'dng U'ng cua daan tai trqng Ia vi trf de tfnh.
Ham S(z) thu'ong Ia ham nhieu dai;!n va khong lien tl,IC ve gia tri cung nhu' di;ia ham
cua n6 nen vi~c tlm cac cljc tri kh6 khan. Ngu'oi ta sU' d1,1ng phu'dng phap du'ong anh
hu'ong de nghien cU'u.
4.1.2 f)jnh nghia du'ong anh hu'Cing

Du'ong anh hu'ong cua di;ii lu'qng nghien cU'u S Ia do thi bieu di~n quy lu~t bien
thien CUa di;!i lu'qng 5 ti;li mQt Vi trf xac dinh tren COng trlnh thea Vi trf CUa mQt 11/C t~p
trung bang ddn vi, khong thU' nguyen, c6 phu'dng va chieu khong doi di dQng tren
cong trlnh gay ra. Ky hi~u d.a.h.S
4.1.3 Cac quy u'oc khi ve du'ong anh hu'Cing

- Du'ong chuan thu'ong chqn c6 phu'dng vuong g6c VOi life P =1 di dQng (ha~c trl,IC
cac cau ki~n).
- Cac tung dQ dl,l'ng vuong g6c voi du'ong chuan.
- Cac tung dQ du'dng dljng thea chieu cua tai trqng di di?ng va ngu'qc li;ii.
- Ghi cac ky hi~u (+) ,(-) vaa mien du'dng va am cua d.a.h.S.
4.1.4 Nguyen t'c ve du'ong anh hu'Cing

cac bu'oc tien hanh nhu' sau:
- Bu'oc 1: Cha mQt lljc P = 1 di dQng tren cong trlnh. Vi trf cua n6 each h~ tr1,1c tqa
dQ chqn tuy y mc?t dai;in z.
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
- Bu'O'c 2: Xac djnh bieu thlr'c cua d~i lu'qng nghien clr'u S tu'dng lr'ng voi vj trf cua hfc
p c6 tQa dQ z bang cac phu'dng phap tfnh voi tai trQng bal d<}ng da quen biet, du'qc
S(z). S(z) QQi Ia phu'dng trlnh du'ong anh hu'ong.
- Bu'O'c 3: Ve do thj ham so S(z) se du'qc d.a.h.S
Vi d4:1 1: Ve du'ang anh hu'ang momen uO'n t9i tie't di~n k (H.3.1a)
a. Xac djnh Mk(z)
- xac djnh phan h!c z

P=l
LMB = 0 => VA.1 - P(1-z)=O
._...A - - - · - - - ---- --
B
=>VA=--
l
(l-z)
LMA = 0 => VB.1 - P.z=O =>VB= -

l
z
HA
wl
""'
k
I
i
I
H.3Ja
l
VB
Xac djnh Mk (z)
• Khi P = 1 di d<}ng ben trai k (O ~ z ~ a)
z
Mk(z)= VB.(1-a)=- .(1-a).
~ H.3.lb
!!_(I- a)
1
d.a.h.Mk
l
• Khi P = 1 di d<}ng ben phai tiet di~n k (a ~ z ~ L)
b. ve d.a.h.Mk
- Khi P = 1 di d9ng ben trai k (O s z s a)
z
Mk(Z)= - .(1-a) c6 d~ng b~c nhat, ve qua 2 diem:
l
z=O => Mk(O)=O

z
z=a => Mk(a)= l .(1-a) (>0)
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TINH 9~NH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI 9QNG
- Khi P=l ben phai tiet di~n k (a s z s I)
l-z
Mk(Z)= -!-.a c6 d~ng b~c nhat du'<;1c ve qua 2 diem:
z
z=a =>Mk(a)=- .(1-a) (>0)
l
z=1 =>Mk(1)=0
Ket qua tren hlnh (H.3.1b)
4.1.5 y nghia va thu nguyen cua tung dQ du'ong anh hu'ang

1. Y Nghia cua tung dQ du'ong imh hu'ong cua d'i lu'qng S
Tung dQ du'ong anh hu'ong cua d~i lu'<;1ng S t~i m(lt tiE~t di~n nao d6 bieu th! gia tr!
cua d~i lu'<;1ng S do hfc P= 1 d~t ngay t~i tiet di~n d6 gay ra.
2. So sanh y nghia cua tung dQ du'ong imh hu'ong cua d~i lu'qng S voi
bieu do nqi h:fc
Trang bai 3, ta biet rang: tung dQ biE~u do n(li hjc t~i 1 tiet di~n bieu thj gia trj cua n(li
life t~i ngay tiet di~n d6 do cac tai trqng c6 vj tri khong doi tac dt,mg len toim h~ gay ra.
Nhu' v~y, bieu do n(li h/c cho thay quy lu~t phan bo cua nQi life tren tat ca cac tiet
di~n cua h~; con du'ong anh hu'ong cua d~i lu'qng s cho thay quy lu~t bien thien cua
d~i lu'qng nghien CUu S t~i m(lt Vj tri xac djnh nao do do hfc t~p trung P=1 di d(lng
tren cong trlnh gay ra.
3. Thu nguyen tung dq du'ong imh hu'ong
Thu nguyen tung dO, dttilng rum httting =

Thd nguyen htc P
V~y, neu thu nguyen cua hfc Ia kN, cua chieu dai Ia m thl tung d(l du'ong anh
• • , , kN ,A , kNm
N A N
hu'dng phan h/c co thli nguyen kN (We hu' so), momen uon 1a kN = m
__ !
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
4.1.6 D~ng du'ong anh hu'ang

Trong h~ tinh djnh, du'ong imh hu'ong phan h,.(c va nqi II,J'c Ia nhU'ng doc;~n thang
tu'dng ung voi moi mieng cung trong thanh ph'an cua h~, neu mieng cung d6 khong
chua dc;~i lu'qng nghien cuu s.
Neu mieng cung thanh ph2m chua dc;~i lu'qng nghien cuu S th1 du'ong anh hu'ong
thuqc mieng cung nay gom hai doc;~n gioi hc;~n tc;~i vj tri tu'dng ung du'oi tiet di~n chua
dc;~i lu'qng S. Luc nay, do~m ben trai gQi Ia du'ong trai va doc;~n con lc;~i Ia du'ong phai.
Vi d1,1 cho tren H.3.1c, A k B C tp = l D E f
ABC Ia mieng ding thanh
ph'fm c6 ch(/a dqi lu'cjng S;

trz:
I
I
I
l
I
I
I
I
:tT :t
I
I
I
I
I
I
!~45Jnn,.,.: I I . :
CDE, EF Ia mieng c(/ng thanh
+· ~
ph'fm khong ch(/a dqi lu'qng s. d. tnii d. phlli H.3.lc d.a.h.M~c
4.2 f>UONG ANH HliCrNG TRONG HE DAM, KHUNG

f)ON GIAN .
4.2.1 f>u'ong anh hu'ang trong dam cong-xon

1. Phan tich
a. Khi tfau thua ben phai (H.3.2a)
- Xac djnh Mk(z), Qk(z), Nk(z):
• Khi P=l di dqng ben trai tiet di~n k (b ~ z ~ I)
• Khi P=l di dqng ben phai tiet di~n k (O ~ z ~ b)
Mk(Z) = -P.(b-z)=-(b-z)
Qk(Z) = +P.cosa=cosa.
Nk(z) = -P.sina=-sina.
- Ve d.a.h.Mk, d.a.h.Qk, d.a.h.Nk: cho z bien thien va ve.(H.3.2a)

BAI 4: PHAN TICH N(h LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH DJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI DQNG
b. Khi cfau thua ben trcii
~P=~t~•::::
At-e...:-:::1
k
~··~
a l b l b
l H.3.2a 1 l H3.2b l
~,--------~~~-~1------~, ~------~:~~--------~r 1
I I I I I
r-----------~1~~~-~-~
da.h.Mk I I
b b~~i~-~~~l----------~1
1 I d.a.h.~ I
I I cosa.J, ··I I
~------~~~lll~ll~li~III~I~A v~~l~lll~&~lll~lll~------~:
d.a.h.Q. ... ·-··--·--If cosa 1 1 d hQ 1
I I I I .. a. · .1:: I
'--------..u!J.,~.~·II~!!:..~.:.IS""I"""I rk-sina.
l.J,IIPI sin~
...I.,L,jl. ,.lel:.~-.....
l!.....ll.....il _______,l
d.a.h.Nk d.a.h.Nk
Tu'dng tlf, ket qua the hi~n tren hlnh ve (H.3.2b)
2. Nh'n xet va each ve nhanh du'ong anh hu'ong
a. a.a.h.Mk
Nh~n xet: d.a.h.Mk c6 d~ng tam gick.
- T9i nut thU'a Mk =-b (b Ia khoimg each W mut thU'a den tiet di~n k thea phu'dng ngang).
- D.a.h.Mk luon mang dau am.
- Tren do~n tU k den dau ngam, d.a.h.Mk trung voi du'ong chuan.
each ve nhanh
- T~i mut thU'a dl,(ng tung dQ y = -b.
- T~i k dl,(ng tung dQ y = 0.
- Noi hai tung dQ nay bang do~n du'ong thang se du'qc d.a.h.Mk tren do~n tU mut
thU'a den tiet di~n k.
- Tren do~n con l~i, d.a.h.Mkve trung du'ong chuan.

/_
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
b. f).a.h.Qk
Nh~n xet: d.a.h.Qk c6 d;;mg hlnh chu nh~t.
- Tung d9 y= +cosa khi dau thU'a ben phai.
- Tung d9 y= - cosa khi dau thU'a ben trai.
- Tren do;;m tU' k den dau ngam, d.a.h.Qk trung voi du'ong chuan.
each ve nhanh
- Tren do;;m tu mut thU'a den tiet di?n k, dl,l'ng doc;tn du'ong th2mg song song du'ong
chuan c6 tung d9 v= +cosa khi dau thU'a ben phai; y = -cosa khi dau thU'a ben trai.
- Tren doc;tn con lc;ti, d.a.h.Qk ve trung voi du'ong chuan.
c. a.a.h.Nk
Nh~n xet: d.a.h.Nk c6 dc;tng chu nh~t.
- Tung d() y= -sina. H.3.2c
- Tren do;;Jn tU' k den dau ngam, d.a.h.Nk

trung voi du'ong chuan.
each ve nhanh
Tren doc;tn tU' mut thU'a den tiet di~n k,

-
Ii l!lll®llllll-. 1 d.a.h.Q.,
dl,l'ng doc;tn du'ong th2mg song song I !
I I
du'ong chuan c6 tung d9 y= -sina. 1 1 ~ d.a.h.N.,
- Tren do;;Jn con lc;ti, d.a.h.Nk ve trung l~b
I
I
•
d.a.h,MA
du'ong chuan. I I ~
I I t
ehu y: a lay >0 khi dau B cao hdn dau lillllllllllllllliiiiiiiWiiill d.a.h.VA
I I I I
A va ngu'qc I;;Ji. I I I
d.a.h.HA
Vi dl:l: ve d.a.h nqi h!c t'i tiet di~n k
va d.a.h phim h!c goi t\l'a A cua h~ cho tren H.3.2c MA A Mll
-
-
D.a.h n()i ll,l'c tc;ti th~t di~n k ve theo each ve nhanh.
D.a.h phan h,J'c t~i goi A dlfqc ve theo d.a.h n(>i h,J'c tiet di~n t~i ngam
Hft-tOn!~
VA H.3.2d
• d.a.h.VA :: d.a.h.Qn
• d.a.h.MA :: d.a.h.Mn
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH f>JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG
• d.a.h.HA :: d.a.h.Nn
4.2.2 f)u'ong anh hu'O'ng trong dam ddn gian c6 aau thua
1. f)LI'ong anh hu'ong phim h;c
a. Phan tich
LMs= 0 -> VA.l- P(l - z) = 0 =>VA =(I- z)/ I
LZ= 0 => HA =0
Ve d.a.h ph2m lljc: Cho Z bien thien va ve ( H.3.3)
b. Nh'n xet va each ve nhanh
Nh~nxet:
- D.a.h. VA, d.a.h.Vs ia m(lt do~m thang duy nhat, c6 tung dQ y = + ltc;~i goi tlja chU'a
dc;~i hJ'qng nghien cU'u, tung dQ y= 0 tc;~i goi tlja con lc;~i.
- D.a.h. HA trung voi du'ong chuan.
each ve nhanh
- D.a.h. VA, d.a.il.Vs:
• Dljng tung dQ y= +l tc;~i goi tlja chU'a dc;~i lu'qng ve d.a.h.
• Dljng tung dQ y= 0 tc;~i goi tlja con lc;~i.
• Noi tung dQ nay b2mg m(lt doc;~n thang se du'QC d.a.h can ve.
- D.a.h. HAve trung du'ong chuan.
2. Du'ong anh hu'ong n(?i h!c
a. Tru'ong hqp tiet di~n nam ben trong nhjp
Phan tich
- Xac dlnh n(li llfc tc;~i tiet di~n K:
• Khi P= 1 di d(lng ben trai tiet di~n k ( -h :5 z:5 a )

BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH D~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI DQNG
Mk= Vs (1- a) =z/1.(1- a)
Qk= - cosa= -z/1 . cosa
Nk = Vs sina = z/1. sina
• Khi P= 1 di d(lng ben phai tiet di~n k ( a < z < I + 12)
Qk= VA.cosa= (I- z). cossa /I
Ve d.a.h cho z bien thien va ve (H.3.3)
Nh;n xet va each ve nhanh

- O.a.h.Mk
Nh;n xet:
£hiong trai va du'ong phai dh nhau z
tc;~i vj tri tu'dng ung du'oi tiet di~n k. H.3.3
l
• Neu keo dai duong phai den
I I
goi tlfa A, c6 tung d(l y= +a (
~ :
I
~I d.a.h.VA
a Ia khoang each W k den goi I . I I
I 1 1 l I I
tlfa A theo phu'dng ngang) I l I
• Neu keo dai duong trai den goi

tlfa B, c6 tung dQ y= + (1- a)
• Tc;~i nhCi'ng vj tri c6 goi tl,(a,

tung d(l y= 0.
• D.a.Mk khong ph1,1 thu(lc vao

g6c a
each ve nhanh:
• Dl,(ng tung dQ y= 0 tc;~i vj tri
cac goi tl,(a (cck tung dQ nay
gQi Ia cac diem khong)
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
• Ti;li goi tL,(a A dL,(ng tung dQ y= +a, noi tung d(> nay voi diem kh6ng ti;li B. bang
du'ong thang, du'qc du'ong phai
• Qua k, dL,(ng du'ong thang dung cat du'ong phai xac djnh du'qc phan thlch dlfng
cua du'ong phai va diem_ chung cua du'ong phai voi du'ong trai
• Noi diem chung vua xac djnh voi dien khong ti;li A se X<k dinh du'qc phan thfch
dl,mg cua du'ong trai
- f>.a.h.Qk
Nh~n xet:
• Bu'ong trai va du'ong phai song song nhau
• Ti;li vi tri goi tL,(a c6 tung d(> y =0
• Ti;li vi tri tiel di~n k, c6 bu'oc nhay cosa
each ve nhanh:
'
• DL,(ng tung dQ y= 0 ti;li vi tri cac goi tL,(a (cac tung d(> nay gQi Ia cac diem
kh6ng)
• Ti;li A dL,(ng tung d(> y= +cosa, noi tung d(> nay voi diem kh6ng ti;li B bang
du'ong thang, du'qc dtfong phai
• Ti;li B dL,(ng tung d(> y= -cosa, noi tung d(> nay voi diem kh6ng ti;li A bang
du'ong thang, du'qc du'ong trai
• Qua k, dL,(ng du'ong thang dung cat du'ong phai xac dinh du'qcphan thich dl,lng
cua chung.
- f>.a.h.Nk
Nh~nxet:
• Bu'ong trai va du'ong phai song song nhau
• Ti;li vj tri goi tL,(a c6 tung d(> y =0
• Ti;li vi tri tie't di~n k, c6 bu'oc nhay sina
each ve nhanh:
• DL,(ng tung d(> y= 0 ti;li Vi trf cck goi tL,(a (cac tung dQ nay gQi Ia cac diem khong)
· .. i
··---1.
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TINH fi~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI fiQNG
• T9i A dl,(ng tung dQ y= -sina, noi tung dQ nay voi dh~m khong t9i B bang
du'ong thang, du'qc du'ong phai.
• T9i B dl,(ng tung dQ y= +sina, noi tung dQ nay voi diem khong t9i A bang
du'ong thang, du'qc du'ong trai.
• Qua k, dl,(ng du'ong thang dung cat du'ong phai xac djnh du'qc phan thfch dl,mg
cua chung.
Lu'u y rang vai nhO'ng nh?n xet tren, con c6 nhO'ng each khac ae ve nhanh au'ang
phai, au'ang trai, au'ang anh hUang nQi lf/c
b. Tru'ong hQ'p tiet dien thUQC cfau thU'a: Ve d.a.h giong nhu' d'am cong-xon
Chu y: g6c a lay > 0 khi goi tl,(a A cao hdn goi tl,(a B va ngu'qc l9i
Vi dl:l 1: Ve d.a.h momen, h!c cat tiet dien k, m 8t A cua he tren hinh
(H.3.4a)
Tiet di~n k & m thUQC dau thU'a nen ve theo d.a.h nhu' dam cong-xon
k A
a~!I I
!1 d.a.h.Mk
1~
I
1
I
!1 d.a.h.Qk
l,..._ ___,_ _ _ _ _ __,...._:1"11~~~b d.a.h.Mm
l~t
I I
I
I
I lirm:t. d.a.h.Qm
1,~: I
1
I d.a.h.MA
I I
1~11(;}i!lllfllll I
I
I
I
I
1
I
iJ
I
----------}1
I
I
bib-1~ '---'1
d.a.h.Q:'
Vi dl:l 2: Ve d.a.h momen, h!c cat tiet dien k cua he tren hinh (H.3.4a)
£>u'ong anh hu'ong n(?i ll,(c t9i tiet di~n k cua h~ c6 the ve theo du'ong anh hu'ong
n(?i ll,(c t9i tiet di~n trong dam ddn gian c6 nhjp 3a.
BAI 4: PHAN TICH N(II LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH t>JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG
Vi d!J 3: Ve d.a.h momen, h!c dh tiet di~n k va momen uon phan h!c goi
tl!a A cua h~ tren hinh (H.3.4c)
f)u'ong anh hu'dng nQi 11/C t~i tiet di~n k CUa h~ CO the ve thea du'ong anh hu'dng
nQi 11/C t~i tiet di~n trang dam ddn gian c6 goi tr<3i d xa VO cung va goi B
Du'ong anh hu'dng mamen uon cua goi A c6 the ve thea du'ong anh hu'dng nQi 11/c
t~i tiet di~n sat goi A
k
'£:
A', 1 /
AB "'' Xc H.3.4b
' X/
4.2.3 f)u'ong anh hu'ong trong h~ khung ddn gian

Xet m9t khung va dam ddn gian tu'dng ung
P=l
Nh,nxet: C D E F
- D.a.h phan 11/c va nQi 11/c trang thanh CDEF ve thea H.3.5a
-
du'ong anh hu'ong trang dam ddn gian tu'dng ung.
D.a~h n9i 11/c trang thanh AD & BE ve dl/a vaa lien

-
HA
fvA
A B
VB
h~ giG'a n9i 11/C trong thanh d6 voi VA, Vs.
A !P=J B
Neu khung Ci nhG'ng d~ng khac tim each thiet l~p -;e;
phu'dng trinh du'ong imh hu'ong ha~c qui ve h~ HA tVA fv.
tu'dng du'dng da biet each ve de ve.
Vi d!J 1: Ve d.a.h n()i h!~:: t~i tiet di~n k, m ,n cua h~ tren hinh (H,3,5b)
- D.a.h.nQi 11/C t~i tiet di~n k ve thea d.a.h n9i 11/C t~i tiet di~n dau thU'a.
- D.a.h nQi 11/c t~i tiet di~n m ve thea d.a.h nQi 11/C t~i tiet di~n trong dam ddn gian
tu'dng ung.
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH B'NH CH'U TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
- D.a.h.nQi h,J'c tc;ti th~t di~n n ve thea a.a.h phan h,J'c tc;ti goi tt,ta A:
• d.a.h.Mn=(h).d.a.h.HA:: du'ong chuan
• d.a.h.Qn=(-l).d.a.h.HA:: du'ong chuan
• d.a.h.Nn=( -l).d.a.h.VA
Chu y: W sl,( can bang mamen nut khung ta luon c6
d.a.h.Mn + d.a.h.Mk = d.a.h.Mm
Vi d1,1 2: Ve d.a.h momen uon va h,l'c cat t~i tiet di~n k, m, n cua h~ hinh (H3.5c).
- Tiet di~n k thu(lc dau thU'a
- Tiet di~n m ve thea d.a.h tiet di~n trang nh!p dam ddn gian 3a.
- Tiet di~n n ve thea d.a.h.VA (d.a.h HA =du'ong chuan)

km P=l
n
HA tVA
a~i
I I
d.a.h.~
~ a ~
I I
2.a 4 1
I I
I
11llemJl
I
d.a.h.Q. a~~
I I
! d.a.h.M~
I
I I
I I
I I
d.a.h.N~o: t111allllll J d.a.h.Qk
I I I I I
a~ i ------
I
I
I
I
-·----
} 2a l
.
l
I
a {'~I
~l
- I I
d.a.h.M,.
I
b-
I
---~-------r ~
I 1
I I -------pl
;;::;rsu:u:uz-
I
J
I
I I
I l
d.a.h.Qm
1 {---~'M"'
11
1 d.~~Qm
I I I 1 I I 1
l.a_lnmnnhnw:nnxw-=
-~.
l1 d.a.h.Mn
I
'
I I
m
:"1 lfi!IIJI!IIIII!flps::z= I
d.a.h.Q0
l.cosa. · -·~
,,
I d.a.h.Q0
ua::::ad d.a.h.Nn ·
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LVC TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
4.3 f>u'ONG ANH Hu'CrNG TRONG H~ DAN

6 day chi trlnh bay each ve du'ong imh hu'ong trong h~ dan dam.
4.3.1 f)Ltong anh hu'ong phan h!c

Cach xac djnh va ve gicng nhu' trong h~ dam ddn gi2m, Xem minh h<;>a cho h~ dan
dam tren hlnh (H.3. 7a) & (h.3. 7e).
4.3.2 f)u'ong anh hu'ong h/C dQC trong cac thanh dan
1. Phu'dng phap tach mat
N9i dung: Tach mat c6 chua thanh can ve du'ong anh hu'ong hjc d<;>c va di thiet
l~p phu'dng trlnh du'ong anh hu'ong cua n6 ung voi cac tru'ong hqp cua llfc t~p trung P
= 1 di d(?ng tren dan: dung ngay ti;li mat dang xet, di d(?ng ngoai phi;!m vi cac dot bi
cat va di d(?ng tren cac dot bi cat.
Xet h~ dan tren hlnh (H.3.7a). z

Ta trlnh bay each ve du'ong anh 3 1 4 s 6
hu'ong hjc d<;>c trong cac thanh
2 - 11, 4 - 9 & 2 - 12.

~--~,~A==~.o~~9==~?=~7
HA VA P= l VIJ
3
a. f>.a.h.Nu-2 l d 1. d l d L d l d l
1 f 1 1 ,1 1
Tach mat 11 va thiet l~p phu'dng I
1
I I
t I l
I
1
I~
I
41
trlnh du'ong anh hu'ong ung voi cac ~~
w~ j·
1
I ~ d.a.,A
hV
I f1 I I I I
tru'ong hqp cua ll,(c ~~~~I I 14/J
II~
I ! I I l d.ah.VB
P=1 di d(?ng: ! I I I ! I
I I I I I I
1 1 I I I d.a.h.HA
- Khi P =1 a~t ngay ti{Ji mat bi cat (z 4/3~-1.1 I . I I
-rL:t~ I
= 0) (H.3.7b) t~ :U::Zd.a.h.Nn- 2
l:
I 1-11~~.'1::
I I 1 I d.ah.N4-9
I I I I
I I I I I I
Ltk nay VA= 1 r,:; .bmw.

• r 1 1 1 1
v.l~
2 d.a.h.N2-1 2
H.3.7a
Suy ra N1-2 = P -VA = 0
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
- Khi P = 1 di a9ng ngoai phqm vi cac aot bf cat (z = -d ho?c d <Z< 4d) (H3.7c)
'i...Y = 0 ~ Nll-2 +VA =0 ~ Nll-2 = -VA
~ d.a.h N11-2 = (-1). D.a.hVA

- Khi P = 1 di OQng tren cac dot bi cat ( -d <z< d)
Du'ong anh hu'ong tren cac dot nay Ia nhO'ng doc;m du'ong thang noi lien cac tung
dq U'ng du'oi m6i mfh cua dot b! dk
b. f>.a.h.N4-9
Tu'dng tl,(, tach mat 9:
- Khi P =1 a?t ngay t?i mat 9 (z=2d) (H. 3. 7d):
'i...Y = 0 ~ N4-9 - P =0 ~ N4-9 = 1
- Khi P =1 di rfQng ngoai ph?m vi cac a6t bi cat (-d <z< d ho?c 3d <z< 4d)
'i...Y = 0 ~ N4-9 =0 (HEi! qua 2)
C6 nghia d.a.h.N4-9 tren do~n nay trung voi du'ong chuan.
- Khi P = 1 di rfQng tren cac dfit bj cat (2d <z< 4d)
Du'ong anh hu'ong tren cac dot nay Ia nhO'ng do~n du'ong thang noi lien cac tung
dq U'ng du'oi m6i mat cua dot b! cat.
c. f>.a.h.N2-12
Tu'dng tl,(, d~ thay khi P = 1 d~t t~i mat 12 thl N 2_ 12 = .J2; khi P =1 di dqng ben
ngoai dot b! d3t thl N 2_12 = 0.
2. Phu'dng phap m~t cat ddn gian
Npi dung: thl,(c hiEi!n "m~t cat ddn gian" qua thanh can ve du'ong anh hu'ong va
thiet l~p phu'dng trlnh d1Jong anh hu'ong cua no Ung VOi Cik tru'ong hqp cua ll,(C P =1
di dqng tren dan: ben trai afit bi cat, ben phai a6t bi cat va tren a6t bi cat.
Xet hEi! dan tren hlnh (H.3.7e). Ta trlnh bay each ve du'ong anh hu'ong ll,(c dQC
trong cac thanh 2 - 3, 11 - 10 & 4 - 10.
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH f>JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG
a. D.a.h.Nz-3
Thl,(c hi~n mat cat (1 - 1) qua thanh 2 - 3 va thiet l~p phu'dng trlnh du'ong anh
hu'ong N2-3 ung voi cac tru'ong hqp cua ll,(c P = 1 di dQng:
- Khi P = 1 di a9ng ben trai a6t bi cat (0 <z< d)
~M:~ = 0 :::> N H .h- p ( 2d- z) = 0
Cho z bien thien, ve du'qc d.a.h.N2-3
- Khi P = 1 di dQng ben phai dO't bj cat (2d <Z< 6d)
Nhu' v~y, tren do~n nay, d.a.h.N2-3 ve trung voi du'ong chuan.
- Khi P = 1 di a9ng tren afit bi cat (d <z< 2d)
Du'ong imh hu'ong tren dot nay Ia do~n du'ong thfmg noi lien cac tung dQ du'oi m6i
mat cua dot bj cat.
b. D.a.h.N1o-u
Thl,(c hi~n m~t cat (2 - 2) qua
thanh 11 - 10 va thiet l~p phu'dng
trlnh du'ong imh hu'ong N10-11 ung voi
cac tru'ong hc;1p cua ll,(c p = 1 di di;>ng:
- Khi P =1 di a9ng ben trai do't bi cat

(0 <Z< 3d)
VB.2d
=> N 2-3 =-
h-
:::>d.a.h.N1o-11 =(2: ).d.a.h.V8

> :i
I ~
I. '
__ j _:_·=-
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LVC TRONG KET CAU TINH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
- Khi P = 1 di dQng ben phai dot bi cat ( 4d <Z< 6d)
VA.d
=:::> NI0-11 =-h-
=:::> d.a.h.N10 _ 11 = ( *}d.a.h.VA
- Khi P = 1 di d9ng tren dO't bi cat (3d <z< 4d)
Du'ong anh hu'ong tr€m dot nay Ia dac;~n du'ong thfmg noi lien cck tung dQ U'ng du'oi
moi mat cua dot b! cat.
c. a.a.h.N4-1o
Tu'dng tl/ nhu' tru'ong hqp d.a.h.N10-11 va phu'dng trlnh du'ong dm thiet l~p cha moi
tru'ong hqp cua P = 1 di d9ng luc nay Ia "i..Y =0
Chu thich:
- Trang phu'dng phap mat cat ddn gian, dh~m lay momen khi viet phu'dng trlnh can
bang gQi Ia tam momen. Du'ong trai va du'ong phai cat nhau tc;~i tam momen.
- Trang tru'ong hqp khong the dung du'QC trang phu'dng phap tach mat hay mat cat
ddn gian de ve, c6 the su dl,mg phu'dng phap m~t cat phoi hqp ha~c ve tru'oc m9t
so du'ong anh c6 lien quan, roi tU nhung moi lien h~ ve n9i h,(c suy ra du'ong anh
hu'ong can ve.
- Trang m9t so bai taan phU'c tc;~p, c6 the ve du'ong anh hu'ong bang each: £>~t P = 1
lan lu'qt tren cac mih va xac djnh tung d9 du'ong anh hu'ong can ve tu'dng U'ng. Sau
d6, noi cac tung d9 nay bang cac dac;~n du'ong thang trang phc;~m vi moi dot se
du'QC du'ong anh hu'ong can ve.
- Khi SU d1,mg phu'dng phap m~t cat ddn gian de ve du'ong anh hu'ong h,(c dQC, c6 the
su dl,mg each ve du'ong anh hu'ong cua n9i ll,(c trang dam ddn gian. each tien hanh
nhu'sau:
• Neu hai thanh con l?i cua m~t cat giao nhau t?i momen I
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LVC TRONG KET CAU TINH f)~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI f)QNG
. M
Bit~u thU'c x<k dinh h/c dQc c6 thet viet du'oi d<;mg: N = ±--;:-
o Mr Ia momen uon trong dam ddn gian tu'dng U'ng tc;ti I' (!' Ia vj trf tu'dng
U'ng du'oi tam momen I).
o r Ia kho2mg each tu tam momen I den phu'dng cua hjc dQC N.
o Bieu thU'c lay dau (±)khi h/c dQc N du'dng tac dt,mg len phan h~ ben trai
quay ngu'qc chieu kim dong ho quanh I va ngu'qc lc;ti.
Tu day, suy ra each ve nhanh d.a.h.N: ve d.a.h.Mr trong dam ddn gian phl,l trq
roi nhan voi m<)t lu'qng ±~. Phan thich dl,lng cua du'ong trai, du'ong phai Ia thu<)c
r
du'ong xe chc;ty va nam ben trai va ben phai dot bi d~t, trong phc;tm vi dot bi cat dung
du'ong noi.
• Neu hai thanh con lt;1i cua m?t cat song song nhau
Bieu thU'c xac dinh

. lu'c
. doc
. c6 the viet du'oi dang:
. N= ±-$..-.
~nr
0 Q Ia h/C d3t trong dam ddn gi2tn tu'dng U'ng cung phu'dng voi hai thanh
song song va lay tc;ti vi tri bat ky U'ng du'oi dot bl cat thu<?c du'ong xe chi;!y.
o Y Ia g6c nghieng cua thanh can ve du'ong anh hu'ong so voi phu'dng cua
hai thanh song song.
o Bieu thU'c lay dau (±) khi h/c dQc N du'dng tac dl,lng len phan ben trai
hu'ong xuong du'oi so voi hai thanh song song.
Tu day, suy ra each ve nhanh d.a.h.N: ve d.a.h.Q trong dam ddn gian phl,l trq
(lay t?Ji tiet di~n bat ky U'ng dot bi cat thu<)c du'ong xe Ch?JY) roi nhan voi m<)t lu'qng
± si~y . Phan thich dl,lng cua du'ong trai, du'ong phai Ia thu<)c du'ong xe ch9y va nam
ben trai va ben phai dot bi cat dung du'ong noi.

BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TINH f>JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG
Vi d~:t: Ve d.a.h.NS-7 & d.a.h.N3-7 (H.3.7f)
8
P=l B
~ a ~ a .~ a ~ a ~ H.J. 7f
1 I P= 11 I I
1
l l
A~~L==~,====+~==~,==~~B
1
r l _j
"'''"
1 lI II II """
I
~llfll(t)!!! 11}11 1
2alhq d. trru.L---:!>"T" J 1 d L!.:l
i d h a:ce:==:
.a.. Ns-1
. ~
---- I
11 d • trai
I d. n6i I • pu<UI
•. 1I
'e do till e
I I
_L----"t---
_____ ?.m g .
u!OTtp,. I@
-t )/ .
smn
1I sma
-------- d. n6i d. phru d.a.h.NH
4.4 f>U'ONG ANH HU'ONG TRONG H~ GHEP

4.4.1 Ng1,.1yen tic chung
- Phan tich cau ti;IO h1nh hQC cua h~, Xck ajnh aau Ia h~ phi,J, h~ chinh, h~ trung gian.
- Ph€m chia h~ thfmh nhli'ng h~ ddn giim, h~ ph1.,1 tl!a len h~ chinh.
4.4.2 each ve du'ong anh hu'ang

1. f>'i h.tqng can ve du'ong anh hu'ong thUQC h~ ph1:1
a. Phan tich
Xet h~ ghep tren h1nh
c!P=l D E k F
(H.3.8a), ve d.a.h.Mk.
~ l 0 't
l
H.3.8a t--a •l
- Khi P = 1 di a9ng tren h~ phc; EF c jP= 1 D EL k
F
F
C6 the xem EF nhu' dam ddn

A
5:
B
4I I
I lI 4
I
l
"rl" J., I I
g iim dQC I~ p va d~ dang ve du'qc :...._ _ _......_---+-------1------:tll:r'T'I"TT'T:ilrrr~
I I
I
I I I
~
1 I
d.a.h.Mk.
d.a.h.Mk
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI,IC TRONG KET CAU TINH fl~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
- Khi P =1 di OQng tren Cck ph'fm h~ con./i{Ji
Theo tfnh chat cua h~ ghep (h~ chfnh khong gay ra ap llfc len h~ phl,J), nen
d.a.h.Mk ve trung voi du'ong chuan.
b. Quy tac ve
- Khi P = 1 di d(>ng tren h~ phl,J c6 chtia di;~i lu'qng can ve du'ong anh hu'C1ng: ta xem h~
phl,J nhu' mQt hE% don gian lam viE%c dQC l~p va ve chiang anh hu'ong theo each da biet.
- Khi P = 1 di d(>ng tren h~ chinh va cac h~ kh6ng lien quan: du'ong anh hu'C1ng
tu'ong U'ng ve trung du'ong chuan.
2. f>f[li lu'qng can ve c:Ju'ong anh hu'ong thUQC h~ chfnh hoijc h~ trung gian
a. Phan tich
i
t=
!:lP= 1 c D
0
L a
•l
l
"
luc nay, cat h~ pht,J kh6ng lam vi~c, A
c6 the loi;~i b6 chung, xem AB nhu' tI
dam c6ng x6n va ve du'qc d.a.h.Mj. I
I
- Khi P = 1 di d(>ng tren h~ BCD:

H.3.8b d.a.h.M;
du'ong anh hu'C1ng Mi Ia doi;~n du'Cing
thang ve qua hai diem: tung dc;l b~mg kh6ng du'oi goi tl,(a c va tung d9 chung voi
h~ chfnh AB ti;~i mut B.
- Khi P = 1 di d(>ng tren h~ DE: tu'ong tl/ nhu' tren h~ BCD.
b. Quy tac ve
- Khi P = 1 di d(>ng tren h~ c6 chtia di;~i lu'qng can ve du'ong anh hu'ong: co l~p h~ d6
va ve du'ong anh hu'C1ng.
- Khi P = 1 di d(>ng tren nhG'ng h~ ke tiep:
• Neu h~ ke tiep Ia h~ chfnh so voi h~ dang xet: du'ong anh hu'ong ve trung voi
du'ong chuan.
• Neu, h~ ke tiep Ia h~ pht,J so voi h~ dang xet: du'ong anh hu'C1ng se Ia doi;~n
thang ke tiep va di qua tung d9 bang kh6ng t~i vj tri goi tlja noi dat thang
dting ho~c khop dau tien thu(>c m(>t h~ chfnh khac.
... j-
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH f>JNH CHJU TAI TR9NG DI f>QNG
Vi d~ 1: Ve d.a.h.Mk, d.a.h.Qm, d.a.h.Nn (H.3.8c)
Vi d~ 2: Ve d.a.h.Mk, d.a.h.Mm (H.3.8d)
k P=l m km
A
t a l a,
B
H.3.8.c
~ a ~ a ~a!i<lfi
n
c
D
J A
H.3.8d
c
D
I
I
I
I
I
I
E3
~r a a
~ a ~ ~1 ~I
Ia
I I I I I l I I
I I a I I I I I I
I 1~1111 I I I I
I 1~1111 I I I I
I
I \ 1 ~~td.a.h.Mk lc I I I
I I I I I I l I fl 1 I I
I
t~III®IIIIDLF t d.a.h.Q,.,
I I
I I I I dl I 1 d.a.h.M._
I I I I I I
I I I I I I l I cdf/ef I I
I
I
I
;
I
.I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1~1
I
I
I
I a/2
{~t
!'+'
I
I
d.a.h.M1 I
I
I
I
I
d.a.h.Mm
I l_..:__~ d.a.h.Nn
Vi d~ 3: Ve d.a.h.Mk (H.3.8e, H3.8f)
~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CD H.3.8f .3
1tal2~al2~ ¥·a Jal2f a ~
I I I I I 1 I
I 'af2' : I I I
I ldtnnx...l I I I I
I I 1
I 0 I
l'e.·~·
d.a.h.Mt
4.5 ou'O'NG ANH Hl16'NG TRONG HE

A' 'A •
c6 HE •
THONG TRUYEN Ll!C

0 day chi quan tam ve du'ong anh hu'ong d?ti lu'qng 5 thUQC ke"t cau Chju h,(c chinh.
Nguyen tik ve Ia phan tich va so sanh Sl/ lam vi~c cua h~ khong c6 h~ thong truyen
h,J'c VOi h~ thong truyen ll/C chju tai trQng P = 1 di d(lng:
- Du'ong anh huang gam cac do?tn du'ong thang, m6i do~m tu'dng U'ng voi tung dam
dQC phl,J.
BAI 4: PHAN TiCH NQI LVC TRONG KET CAU TINH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI fiQNG
- Khi P =1 d~t trem cac mih truyen hfc gay ra anh hu'ong nhu' khi .dung tn,(c tiep
tren ket cau chju ll,(c chfnh.
cac bu'ac tien himh:

- Bu'ac l: Ve d.a.h.S voi gia thiet P = 1 di d(lng tn,(c tiep tr~n ket cau chju life chinh.
- Bu'oc 2: GiCi' l9i cac tung dQ cua d.a.h.S vua ve t9i nhU'ng vj trf du'oi cac mat
. truyen life. Cac tung dQ nay cClng chinh Ia cac tung dQ d.a.h.S khi P = 1 di d(>ng
tren h~ thong truyen hfc.
- Bu'ac 3: L~m lu'qt noi cac tung dQ vua giU' l9i o tren trong ph9m vi tUng dot bang
cac do9n thang, se du'qc d.a.h.S can ve.
Chu y: Khi p = 1 d~t t<;~i mat tl,fa tn§n trai dat, tung dQ d.a.h.S t<;~i Vi tri nay bang khong.
Vi d1:1: Ve Cl.a.h.Mk {H.3.9)
H.3.9
4.6 eACH xAc f>INH cAc f>AI LU'aNG NGHIEN

cllu TU'aNG ·uNG VOl cAc DANG TAl TRONG
THEO f>U'ONG ANH HU'ONG . .
4.6.1 Tili trqng t~p trung

Gia su tren cong trlnh chju cac life t~p trung
P1, P2, ... Pn cung phu'dng tac dt,mg. G<;>i yl'y 2 , ...y"la
cac tung dQ tu'dng t.Ing du'oi cac tai tr<;>ng t~p
trung cua du'ong anh hu'ong cua d9i lu'qng nghien
ct.Iu tren cong trlnh do life t~p trung p = 1 cung H.3.10a d.a.h.S
I :
BAI 4: PHAN TiCH NQI LI,I'C TRONG KET CAU TiNH BJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI flQNG
phu'dng voi Cck h,(c t~p trung PI,P2, ...Pn di d(lng tren c6ng trlnh gay ra (H.3.10a)
Yeu cau: X<k djnh gia trj cua d9i lu'qng 5 do cac h,(c t~p
trung gay ra bang anh hu'ong cua n6.
Theo y nghia tung dQ du'ong anh hu'ong, gia trj cua d9i
lu'qng s do rieng Pi gay ra: si =Pi ·Y;.
Theo nguyen ly c(lng tac d1,mg, suy ra:

d.a.h.S
n
S= ~); =LP;·Y;·
i=l
Chu thich:
- Pi > 0 khi cung chieu voi P = 1 dung de ve d.a.h.S va ngu'qc l9i.
- Dau cua Yi lay theo dau cua du'ong anh hu'ong.
- Truong hqp d.a.h.S c6 bu'oc nhay t9i vj tri tu'ong ung h,tc Pi (H.3.10b) thl d9i lu'qng
S do rieng Pi gay ra se c6 hai gia trj tu'dng ung voi ben trai va ben phai tie't di~n c6
bu'oc nhay.
; - p;·Y;ph va' sph

str - - p tr
; - ; ·Y;
Vi d~:~: Cho h~ c6 sa do tinh nhu' tren

hinh ve (H.3.10c).
Yeu cau: Tinh m6men va ll,(c dh t9i til~'t $. k H.3.l Oc
di~n k theo hai each:
- Su dl,lng bieu do (M) va (Q).
- Su dl,lng d.a.h.Mk va d,a,h,Qk.
a. su d~:~ng bieu ao n9i h!c

Cac bieu do (M), (Q) du'qc ve tren hlnh
(H.3.10c), TU' d6, suy ra:
Q~" = -1,2(T)
BAI 4: PHAN TicH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH flJNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI flQNG
b. Sit df:lng tl.a.h.M~q tl.a.h.Qk
- Cac d.a.h.Mk d.a.h.Qk du'qc ve tren hlnh:
- Xac djnh Mk:
3
Mk = IP;·Y; =PI.l,2+P2.2,4+P,.08=
i-1
= 2.1,2 -r3.,4+2.0,8 = 11,2 (T.m)
- Xac djnh Qk: Do d.a.h.Qk c6 bu'oc nhay t<;~i vi tri h/c t~p trung P2gay ra se c6 2 gia trj.
= 2.(-0,2) +3.0,6 +2.0,2 = 1,8(T.m)
Qt =P .(-o,2)+P2.(-o,4)+P .0,2 =
1 1
=2.(-0,2)+3.( -0,4)+2.0,2 = -1,2(T.m)
Nhan xet: Ket qua cua hai each tfnh Ia nhu' nhau.
4.6.2 Tai trQng phan bo

Gia sU' tren cong trlnh chju tai trqng phan bo c6 cu'ong dQ q(z). Du'ong anh hu'ong
di;!i lu'dng s do p = 1 cung phu'dng voi hfc phan bo q(z) di d(>ng tren cong trlnh c6
phu'dng trlnh y = y(z) (H.3.10d).
Yeu cau: Xac djnh gia trj cua d<;~i lu'<;lng S do q(z) gay ra bang du'O'ng anh hu'ong cua n6.
Xet anh hu'ong cua m(>t phan to tai trqng c6

chieu dai dz. Xem phan to nay nhu' mQt hfc t~p
trung voi gia trj q(z).dz. Gqiy Ia tung dQ du'ong anh
hu'ong tu'dng ung du'oi phan to tai trqng q(z).dz.
Suy ra: dS = q(z).dz.y(z) I

I
d.a.h.S 1
b
H.3.10d
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH B~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI BQNG
Suy ra: J
Sa-b Y( Z ).q (Z) .dz
a
Truong hqp tai tn;mg phan bo deu (q = const):

Sa-b = q.roba
co: Ia di~n tich phan bieu do du'ong anh hu'ong ben du'oi tai trQng phan bo deu tren
do9n [a,b]
q
Chu thich:
- q c6 gia tri du'dng khi n6 cung chieu voi k
11/c P = 1 dung de ve d.a.h.S H.3.10e
Dau cua ro: lay theo dau cua du'ong anh

f 2m. l 2m ~ 2m f 2m l
huang.
Vi d~: xac djnh Mk 8r. Qk bang du'ong

anh hu'dng. H~ co sd do cho tren hinh.
(H.3.10e)
- Cac d.a.h.Mk & d.a.h.Qk du'qc ve tren hlnh 0,

ve.
- xac dinh Mk.
Mk =q:m=q. -2- +q. (-1.2) (1.4)

2 +
(-1.2) =0
+q. - -
2
Qk =
q. (0,5.2) +q. (--o,5.2) +
2 2
2 (0,5.2) (--Q,5.2)- 0
+q - - +q. - - -
2
! I
I
i
I I
BAI 4: PHAN TICH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TiNH &'NH CH'U TAl TRQNG 01 &QNG
4.6.3 Momen t~p trung

Gia sU' tren cong trlnh ch!u tac dt,mg cua momen t~p
trung M va d9i luqng nghien cuu S c6 du'ong anh hu'ong da
biet (H.3.1Df).
Veu cau: Xac d!nh gia tr! cua d9i lu'qng S do M gay ra
bang du'ong anh hu'ong cua n6.
a
H.3.10f
Thay the M bang c~p ng~u h,tc p =; ( b.Z ~ o)
Theo cong thuc cho tru'ong hqp tai t~p trung, ta c6:
y( z + b.z) -y( z)]

S =lim [r.y(z+~z)-P.y(z)J = limM · =M.y'(z)
6z-->0 6z-->0 [ ~Z
S=M.tga.
Truong hqp tren cong trlnh c6 nhieu momen t~p trung: MI,M2'"'Mn.
S = fM;.tga;.
i=l
Chu thich:
M lay dau du'dng khi c6 chieu thu~n chieu kim dong ho.
tga c6 dau du'dng khi du'ong anh hu'ong dong bien khi
qua diem d~t M. M
- Neu du'ong anh hu'ong c6 dh~m gay tu'dng
ung t9i diem momen M (H.3.10g), d9i lu'qng S se c6

hai gia tri tu'dng ung ben trai va ben phai diem gay. au:
Sph =M.tga"
BAI 4: PHAr-1 TiCH NOI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH f)~NH CH~U TAl TRQNG DI fiQNG
Vi dl;l: Xac d!nh Mk b~ng du'ong imh hu'ong. H~ c6 sd do cho tren hinh
(H.3.10.h)
- Ve d.a.h.M nhu' tren hlnh.

P=2T
A ct>M ~ 3,2T.m E
Mk do ca life t~p trung va momen t~p trung
tac d1,1ng. T<;~i k, d.a.h.Mk bj gay khuc nen Mk se
IJ. k l
c6 hai gia tr!: l
1
4m
1
l 4m
1
l
I '1 1 I
M~
{~j~'
=P.y + M.tgaYh =
4 . ---- d.a.h.Mk. ph
=2.1+(-3,2){ -~) = 3,6(T.m) a
--- ar1
H.3.10h
=2.1+( -3,2 )( ~) =0,4(T.m)

BAI 4: PHAN TICH N(H LI/C ~RONG KET CAU TINH f>JNH CHJU TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG
CAU HOI ON TAP

.
Cau 1: Neu nhi~m VI,J cd bim khi tfnh c6ng trlnh chiu tai tr9ng di d()ng
Cau 2: Bjnh nghia dlfong anh huang. Neu nguyen tik va nhCi'ng qui lfoc can thong
nhat khi ve du'ong anh hu'ong
Cau 3: Phan bi~t y nghia cua au'ong anh hu'ong 5 va bieu do n(?i lljc 5
Cau 4: Trlnh bay each ve clu'ong anh hu'ong cua phan lljc va n()i hjc trong dam cldn
gian va dam c6ng-x6n
Cau 5: Trlnh bay each ve clu'ong anh hu'ong cua phan 11/c va n9i hjc cua h~ ghep tinh
dinh
Cau 6: Trlnh bay each ve du'ong anh hu'ong trong h~ co h~ thong truyen lljc
Cau 7: Trlnh bay each ve du'ong anh hu'ong trong h~ dan theo phu'dng phap tach mat
va phu'dng 'phap m~t cat cldn gian
· cau s:
a. Ve bieu do momen uon M, Q cua h~
b. Ve du'ong anh hu'ong momen uon va lljc cat t<;~i tiet di~n K. Dung du'ong anh hu'ang
xac djnh gia trj r?i hjc t<;~i K : Mk, Qk
cau 9:
a. Ve bieu do momen uon M, Q cua h~
b. Ve du'ong anh hu'ong momeri uon va hjc cat t<;~i tiet di~n K. Dung du'ong anh hu'ang
i '
xac djnh gia trj nqi lljc t<;~i K : Mktr, MkPh , Qk
I
BAI 4: PHAN .TiCH NQI LI/C TRONG KET CAU TINH f>~NH CH~U TAI TRQNG DI f>QNG
M=qa 2
P=qa
I r l ~Q til
fl
'-;:'::-.;
rr I Q1 1
X ~
a 2a g_ g_
'k i" ~' '\\ '-k
Cau lQ: Ve du'ong anh hu'ong h/c dQC 0 cac thanh 1, 2, 3. Dung du'ong anh hu'ong Xik
djnh gia trj h/C dQC CaC thanh 1, 2, 3
Cau 11: Tfnh h/C dQC trcing thanh dim 1,2. Ve du'ong anh hu'ong h,(c dQC 0 Ctk thanh
1, 2. TU' d6, dung du'ong anh hu'ong xac djnh gia trj h/C dQC cac thanh 1, 2.
2a
f--
I l•fJ TAl LI~U THAM KHAO
. THAM KHAO
TAl LIEU
1. Leu ThQ Trlnh (2011). Cd h9c ket cfiu- T?p 1...: H? tinh ajnh. NXB Khoa hQcky thu~t
2. Leu ThQ Trlnh, Nguy~n M<;~nh Yen (2011). Bai t?p Cd h9c ke't cfiu - T?p 1 ...: H? tinh
ajnh. NXB Khoa hQC ky thu~t
3. BQ mon ket cau cong trlnh (2007). GiiJO trlnh Cd h9c ke't diu 1. D<;~i hQc Bach Khoa
Da N~ng.

Co Hoc Ket Cau 1

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Co Hoc Ket Cau 1

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

'

BO. GIAO DUC .

CO' uoc KET cAu 1 •

ThS. Vo Minh Thi~n

ThS. Tr·an Hii'u Huy

CO' HQC KET CAU 1

3.3.1 Phan tfch cau t?O h~ ....................................................................................... 50

NQI DUNG MON HQC

KIEN THUC TIEN f)E

vEu c:au MON HQ·c

eACH TIEP NH~N NQI DUNG MON HQC

PHUONG PHAP aANH GIA MON HQC

BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU

BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE co HQC

1.1.2 Nhi~m VI} cua mon hQC

1.1.3 Cac bai toan mon hQC giai quyet

1.1.4 Vi trl cua mon hQC

'A I 7' A '-

1.2 SO f>O TINH CUA CONG TRINH

cac yeu to imh hu'Cing den vif;c chqn sd do tinh

- Hlnh di;tng, kfch thu'oc cua cong trlnh.

- Ty I~ dQ cU'ng cua cac cau ki~n

- lam quan trQng cua cong trlnh.

- Kha nang tinh toan cua ngu'oi thie't ke.

- Tai trQng va tinh chat tac dt,mg cua n6 ...

cac bu'ac h!a chQn sd do tinh

- Thay cac thanh bang du'ong tn,JC thanh.

- Thay cac ban va v6 bang cac m~t trung gian.

- Thay thiet bj tl,(a bang cac lien ket ly tu'ong.

Bu'ac 2: £>u'a sd do cong trlnh ve sd do tinh

a. f)feu ki~n v~t ly cua bai toan

b. £>feu ki~n hinh hQC cua bai toan

2. Nguyen !y c()ng tac d~:~ng

Theo nguyen ly c(lng tac d1,1ng:

BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU . .

b. Bieu thuc giai tich cua nguyen ly c{)ng tile d~:~ng

S (P1, P2, ..... Pn) = S (P1) + S (P2) + ......... + S (Pn)

- 5 (Pk): Ia dc;~i luqng 5 do rieng Pk tac dt,mg len h~ gay ra.

1.3 PHAN LO~I CONG TRINH

cac loc;~i h~ phang:

• H~ lien hqp (H.lO)

Cac loc;~i h~ khong gian

• H~ dam tn,tc giao (Hll)

• Khung khong gian (H12) H.ll

BAI 1: TONG QUAN VE CO' HQC KET CAU . .

- H~ bien hlnh tU'c thai.

- H~ bat bien hlnh.

1.4 cAc NGUYEN NHAN GAY RA NQI LI/C, BIEN

- Thea slf thay doi v!........,...tri

CAU HOI ON T~P

2.1 CAC KHAI NI~M

Vi dy: Phan tfch h~ hinh ve (H.1.1a)

- Cac loi;ii mieng cU'ng: (H.l.lb)

- Ky hi~u mieng cU'ng: (H.l.lc)

2.1.2 H~ khong bat bien hinh

Chu V: Do h~ BH khong c6 kha nang chiu

H~ BH tren hlnh (H.1.2b) cho phep su H.l.2b

Vi d1.,1: H~ ABC c6 cau tc;to nhu' tren hlnh (H.1.3a)

Th~t v~y, xet h~ tren hlnh (H1.3b). Lt,(c

Khi a --+0, h~ BAC tien den h~ gan BHTT

2.2.2 cac lo~i lien ke't don gian

- Ve m't d()ng hQc: lh~n ket thanh khong cho mieng

phlidng dQc tn,Jc thanh (H.l.Sb)