Aldcafrica2017 FR

C O N F É R E N C E D E S N AT I O N S U N I E S S U R L E C O M M E R C E E T L E D É V E L O P P E M E N T
LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
AFRIQUE
ÉCONOMIQUE EN
RAPPORT 2017
au service d’une croissance

transformatrice et inclusive
“Pour des millions d’Africains, le tourisme
est un secteur vital dont la contribution
potentielle à une croissance transformatrice
et inclusive doit être exploitée.”
Mukhisa Kituyi
Secrétaire général de la CNUCED
C O N FÉRE NCE D ES NATIONS U NIES SU R LE COM M ER CE ET LE DÉV ELO PPEMEN T
Le développement économique en Afrique

Rapport 2017
Le tourisme au service d’une croissance
transformatrice et inclusive
New York et Genève, 2017

Le développement économique en Afrique Rapport 2017
Note
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Glossaire
TOURISME CONTINENTAL ET TOURISME INTRARÉGIONAL
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Le tourisme continental et le tourisme intrarégional sont deux sous-catégories du
tourisme international.
CONTRIBUTION DIRECTE À L’EMPLOI
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INTRODUCTION
Le tourisme au
service d’une
croissance
transformatrice
et inclusive
Pendant que le continent renforce ses capacités
productives, approfondit son intégration régionale et
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la contribution potentielle du secteur touristique à une
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les pays africains devraient adopter des politiques
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Contribution totale du tourisme
au produit intérieur brut réel, 2011-2014
(en pourcentage)
Cabo Verde
43.4
Seychelles
61.5
Maurice
26.7
25 % et plus
entre 10 et 24,9 %
entre 5 et 9,9 %
En dessous de 5 %
Aucune donnée
disponible
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CHAPITRE 1
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Faits stylisés
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présent rapport.
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tes +6% par an
internationaux
auxx en 1995−2014
que
en Afrique ~56 millions
par an
en 2011−2014
Recettes d’exportation
du tourisme
+9% par an
en 1995−2014
en Afrique
~$47 milliards
par an
en 2011−2014
7% du total des recettes

d’exportation, en moyenne,
en 2011−2014
46% des recettes d’exportation

des services, en moyenne,
en 2011−2014
En moyenne, 1/14 emploi a été créé par l’industrie du tourisme en 2011-2014
= 21 millions
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Le présent rapport fonde son analyse sur trois formes de tourisme}
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Le rapport porte en outre sur le tourisme continental et le tourisme intrarégional.
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En millions de dollars
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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Arrivées de touristes internationaux (échelle de droite) Recettes du tourisme international (échelle de gauche)
Recettes d’exportation du tourisme (échelle de gauche)
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constituait plus une situation d’urgence.

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MOYENNE TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUEL MOYEN

7RWDO$IULTXH
Algérie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Angola 32 205 564 592 22 83 16 9
Bénin 145 183 226 255 4 3 2 5
Botswana 598 1 684 1 708 .. .. 13 13 ..
Burkina Faso 138 268 221 163 4 9 4 -7
Burundi 22 189 190 131 16 -28 9 21
Cabo Verde 41 248 477 520 16 23 13 5
Cameroun 181 328 706 .. .. 37 .. ..
République centrafricaine 18 18 79 121 12 -33 35 14
Tchad 27 53 96 120 8 30 32 17
Comores 25 21 22 24 -2 6 -21 6
Congo 31 50 298 .. .. -20 21 21
Côte d’Ivoire 250 .. .. .. .. 17 .. ..
République démocratique
du Congo 39 53 181 .. .. 11 -7 ..
Djibouti 21 41 60 .. .. 0 19 ..
Égypte 3 317 9 949 9 874 9 139 8 4 15 -2
Guinée équatoriale .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Érythrée .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Éthiopie 116 325 643 864 12 5 18 14
Gabon 158 269 .. .. .. 16 .. ..
Gambie 75 131 148 135 5 25 11 13
Ghana 316 553 886 897 7 7 18 1
Guinée 17 36 79 35 .. .. -21 -37
Guinée-Bissau .. 13 36 44 .. .. 51 0
Kenya 896 1 423 1 516 1 114 4 -5 -5 -10
Lesotho 129 308 345 .. .. 19 .. ..
Libéria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Libye 57 49 .. .. .. -20 -24 ..
Madagascar 95 327 225 244 6 18 11 -3
Malawi 203 638 788 805 10 5 19 2
Mali 75 163 151 159 6 19 10 2
Mauritanie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Maurice 501 847 991 1 152 4 10 8 3
Maroc 2 866 6 922 9 762 10 177 8 7 11 4
Mozambique .. 802 1 891 1 552 .. .. 26 -5
Namibie 462 868 1 151 1 388 6 29 7 9
Niger 53 60 109 135 5 5 5 19
Nigéria 707 1 162 600 1 255 .. 1 9 ..
Rwanda .. 522 823 987 .. .. .. 10
Sao Tomé-et-Principe 6 14 12 .. .. -6 -3 ..
Sénégal 307 844 989 1 007 8 8 4 1
Seychelles 128 148 216 276 3 2 8 7
Sierra Leone 14 35 59 24 9 -12 -4 -2
Somalie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Afrique du Sud 5 028 8 612 9 153 8 904 4 8 9 5

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MOYENNE TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUEL MOYEN

Soudan du Sud .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soudan 33 363 597 741 22 4 22 8
Swaziland 292 834 919 873 9 -3 -3 3
Togo 68 84 286 273 9 13 -4 1
Tunisie 4 247 6 685 6 815 5 359 3 5 3 7
Ouganda 176 623 1 205 1 303 14 6 21 3
République-Unie de Tanzanie 349 664 1 016 1 104 6 16 9 9
Zambie 283 784 910 932 8 30 8 2
Zimbabwe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
&20081$87¦6¦&2120,48(65¦*,21$/(6
CEN–SAD 13 628 28 996 32 342 31 117 6 5 9 1
COMESA 7 754 17 003 19 098 18 585 6 5 13 0
CAE 1 443 3 290 4 750 4 639 8 1 10 1
CEEAC 512 813 1 718 964 8 18 9 -9
CEDEAO 2 201 3 778 4 115 4 901 5 7 8 -4
IGAD 1 242 2 774 4 005 4 022 8 -2 8 0
SADC 9 689 16 695 19 497 17 822 5 10 10 6
UMA 7 169 13 656 16 577 15 536 6 6 7 5
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Afrique de l’Est 4 365 7 221 10 479 10 488 6 8 12 1
Afrique centrale 491 624 1 528 833 7 21 10 -12
Afrique du Nord 10 519 23 967 27 047 25 416 7 5 10 3
Afrique australe 6 508 12 229 12 762 11 165 5 9 9 8
Afrique de l’Ouest 2 201 3 778 4 115 4 901 5 7 8 -4
6RXUFH}Calculs de la CNUCED, d’après des données provenant de l’OMT.
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RECETTES DU TOURISME INTERNATIONAL RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME
TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUELS TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUELS
MOYENNE MOYENNE
MOYENS MOYENS
1995- 2005- 2011- 1995- 1995 2005 2011- 1995- 2005- 2011- 1995- 1995- 2005- 2011-
1998 2008 2014 2015 2014 1998 2008 2014 1998 2008 2014 2015 2014 1998 2008 2014
7RWDO$IULTXH
Algérie 45 237 234 308 12 23 18 8 .. 419 317 357 .. .. -2 6
Angola 9 168 1 044 1 163 36 -6 59 39 32 181 1 051 1 171 26 7 51 38
Benin 71 165 173 154 6 -11 36 -4 67 168 180 160 .. .. 33 -7
Botswana 142 556 895 948 12 6 1 4 150 560 898 950 12 4 2 4
Burkina Faso .. 54 112 .. .. .. 11 27 .. 61 157 .. .. .. 20 20
Burundi 1 1 3 2 7 -36 -4 21 2 2 4 3 5 -20 -2 14
Cabo Verde 14 247 398 352 24 27 43 4 40 316 457 396 18 18 35 2
Cameroun 77 185 445 .. .. 27 -1 .. 115 220 469 .. .. 11 -8 ..
République centrafricaine .. 8 11 .. .. .. 20 .. 3 10 15 .. .. -4 17 ..
Tchad .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 .. .. .. .. -27 .. ..
Comores .. 30 41 .. .. .. 15 .. 22 30 41 .. .. -8 15 ..
Congo 11 46 61 .. .. -13 .. .. 13 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Côte d’Ivoire 93 99 179 0 5 3 12 1 106 110 183 .. .. 2 11 ..
du Congo .. 2 18 .. .. .. -45 54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Djibouti 6 8 22 31 8 17 -1 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Égypte 3 045 8 683 7 976 6 065 7 0 18 -10 3 381 9 443 8 721 6 897 7 1 20 -9
Guinée équatoriale .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. -22 .. ..
Érythrée .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 63 58 .. .. .. -13 -10 ..
Éthiopie 25 221 683 .. .. 28 29 .. 164 787 1 989 .. .. -5 30 ..
Gabon 17 9 .. .. .. 17 .. .. 100 13 .. .. .. 6 .. ..
Gambie 56 72 88 120 .. .. 13 7 72 74 117 138 .. .. 12 3
Ghana 81 881 840 819 21 169 3 7 100 934 997 911 18 102 4 6
Guinée 2 1 2 .. .. -34 .. .. 5 2 2 .. .. 49 .. ..
Guinée-Bissau 3 18 13 .. .. .. 227 .. .. .. 11 .. .. .. .. ..
Kenya 566 734 888 .. 4 22 11 -4 975 1 266 1 878 .. 5 17 14 -1
Lesotho 29 29 20 13 -1 -3 4 -14 30 .. .. .. .. -5 .. ..
Libéria .. 120 144 46 .. .. 30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Libye 3 147 .. .. .. 46 -37 .. 9 186 .. .. .. 64 -35 ..
Madagascar 72 259 536 .. .. 16 23 .. 114 271 540 .. .. 9 23 ..
Malawi 24 29 31 35 1 10 3 0 28 45 35 39 2 4 -4 -1
Mali 24 205 186 .. 14 0 23 3 27 209 189 .. 14 1 25 2
Mauritanie 18 .. 42 29 .. 21 .. .. .. .. 47 31 .. .. .. ..
Maurice 477 1 159 1 433 1 432 8 4 20 -2 665 1 494 1 725 1 679 7 2 16 -3
RECETTES DU TOURISME INTERNATIONAL RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME
TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUELS TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUELS
MOYENNE MOYENNE
MOYENS MOYENS
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Maroc 1 540 6 249 6 982 5 999 11 8 17 -1 1 727 7 380 8 635 7 534 11 7 18 -2
Mozambique 57 156 183 193 .. .. 14 14 .. 170 212 202 .. .. 17 9
Namibie 298 387 457 378 4 2 4 -8 .. 466 572 472 .. .. 11 -7
Niger 22 50 53 .. .. 52 22 .. 27 53 55 .. .. .. 24 ..
Nigéria 39 255 564 412 20 42 106 -5 67 411 636 470 16 22 87 -4
Rwanda 11 130 283 318 27 127 51 6 12 154 329 407 .. 82 46 ..
Sao Tomé-et-Principe 4 7 29 52 .. .. -1 57 .. .. 44 52 .. .. .. ..
Sénégal 165 392 434 .. 8 1 37 -2 171 481 492 .. 8 3 29 -2
Seychelles 141 264 377 392 7 2 20 11 198 349 443 483 5 -4 16 9
Sierra Leone 26 36 48 23 6 -54 -18 -3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Somalie .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Afrique du Sud 2 612 8 093 9 524 8 259 10 10 3 -1 3 158 9 311 10 715 9 140 9 9 3 -1
Soudan du Sud .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soudan 6 238 673 949 38 -38 37 66 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Swaziland 43 53 20 14 -2 0 -34 -17 48 53 20 14 -3 -1 -34 -15
Togo 12 29 115 .. 17 -3 29 9 15 33 220 .. .. .. 22 5
Tunisie 1 580 2 487 2 173 1 381 3 2 11 6 1 893 3 270 2 841 1 869 .. 2 12 5
Ouganda 119 406 1 055 1 149 15 22 10 -4 .. 417 1 075 1 171 4 .. 12 -4
République-Unie de
Tanzanie 428 1 066 1 739 2 231 9 -10 17 14 374 1 082 1 781 2 253 .. .. 16 14
Zambie 35 524 567 660 .. .. 8 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Zimbabwe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 185 274 774 886 11 1 40 8
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CEN-SAD 7 319 20 927 21 579 15 999 8 5 16 -3 8 656 24 146 25 257 17 979 8 6 18 -3
COMESA 4 555 12 884 14 108 11 047 8 5 16 -7 5 863 14 827 16 339 11 580 8 4 18 -11
CAE 1 124 2 336 3 968 3 700 9 9 15 4 1 175 2 920 4 983 3 834 10 31 16 2
CEEAC 116 407 1 481 1 217 18 15 16 17 286 416 1 439 1 227 10 1 14 20
CEDEAO 589 2 622 3 257 1 926 12 12 24 0 626 2 851 3 629 2 075 12 26 25 -1
IGAD 721 1 606 2 979 2 129 10 21 17 -4 1 201 2 527 3 947 1 171 9 12 18 -20
SADC 4 334 12 742 16 708 15 718 10 7 7 2 4 794 14 255 18 630 17 289 10 10 7 2
UMA 3 186 9 119 9 420 7 717 8 5 14 1 3 629 11 255 11 829 9 791 9 5 14 0
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Afrique de l’Est 1 929 4 983 7 344 6 443 9 9 17 -3 2 613 6 398 9 591 7 123 9 13 18 -8
Afrique centrale 116 406 1 479 1 215 18 16 16 17 284 414 1 435 1 223 10 1 14 20
Afrique du Nord 6 218 18 040 18 037 14 702 8 3 16 -3 7 010 20 697 20 514 16 657 8 3 17 -4
Afrique australe 3 123 9 117 10 915 9 612 9 9 2 -1 3 386 10 389 12 205 10 576 9 8 3 -1
Afrique de l’Ouest 607 2 622 3 288 1 955 12 13 24 0 626 2 851 3 665 2 106 13 26 25 0
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RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME

RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME EN
EN POURCENTAGE DU TOTAL DES
POURCENTAGE DU TOTAL DES EXPORTATIONS
EXPORTATIONS DE SERVICES
1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014 1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014
7RWDO$IULTXH
Algérie .. 1 0 .. 15 9
Angola 1 0 2 20 71 93
Bénin 11 14 8 46 63 39
Botswana 6 10 11 68 84 73
Burkina Faso .. 9 6 .. 72 35
Burundi 2 2 2 20 4 4
Cabo Verde 44 26 24 50 26 25
Cameroun 5 5 9 26 50 76
République centrafricaine 1 5 6 5 18 16
Tchad 8 .. .. 45 .. ..
Comores 52 48 41 63 57 53
Congo 1 .. .. 13 .. ..
Côte d’Ivoire 2 1 1 19 11 19
du Congo .. .. .. .. .. ..
Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. ..
Égypte 27 25 18 38 50 43
Guinée équatoriale 1 .. .. 66 .. ..
Érythrée 38 .. .. 64 .. ..
Éthiopie 19 31 30 44 60 68
Gabon 3 0 .. 44 9 ..
Gambie 68 63 43 83 70 70
Ghana 5 17 7 44 61 42
Guinée 1 0 0 4 2 2
Guinée-Bissau .. .. 5 .. .. 28
Kenya 25 19 18 51 48 40
Lesotho 13 .. .. 55 .. ..
Libéria .. .. .. .. .. ..
Libye 0 0 .. 28 55 ..
Madagascar 14 14 18 41 31 43
Malawi 5 6 3 84 64 35
Mali 5 11 6 31 59 46
Mauritanie .. .. 2 .. .. 23
Maurice 26 35 30 75 74 55
Maroc 18 27 23 68 59 56
Mozambique .. 6 5 .. 39 34
Namibie .. 14 10 .. 89 61
Niger 8 7 3 72 54 38
Nigéria 0 1 1 9 21 25

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RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME
RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME EN
EN POURCENTAGE DU TOTAL DES
POURCENTAGE DU TOTAL DES EXPORTATIONS
EXPORTATIONS DE SERVICES
1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014 1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014
Rwanda 12 36 30 35 61 67
Sao Tomé-et-Principe .. .. 89 .. .. 122
Sénégal 12 18 13 41 48 39
Seychelles 55 43 36 78 81 63
Sierra Leone .. .. .. .. .. ..
Somalie .. .. .. .. .. ..
Afrique du Sud 9 13 9 62 69 62
Soudan du Sud .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soudan* .. .. .. .. .. ..
Swaziland 5 3 1 44 17 8
Togo 3 4 12 16 15 45
Tunisie 23 17 13 72 70 59
Ouganda .. 23 24 .. 65 51
République-Unie de Tanzanie 29 28 22 67 65 61
Zambie .. .. .. .. .. ..
Zimbabwe 8 11 20 .. 92 199
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Afrique de l’Est 16 19 15 45 55 45
Afrique centrale 2 1 1 24 15 27
Afrique du Nord 14 10 9 47 52 45
Afrique australe 9 12 9 58 69 62
Afrique de l’Ouest 2 3 2 22 37 34
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CEN-SAD 12 10 8 45 51 44
COMESA 15 12 11 42 50 41
EAC 20 23 21 44 56 48
ECCAS 2 1 1 24 15 27
ECOWAS 2 3 2 22 38 34
IGAD 18 13 13 44 48 33
SADC 9 9 8 53 64 60
UMA 9 7 7 60 55 49
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40 000
30 000
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Balance commerciale touristique Dépenses totales de tourisme récepteur

(recettes d’exportation du tourisme)
Dépenses totales de tourisme émetteur
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(Moyennes)
EN MILLIONS DE DOLLARS, EN PRIX RÉELS PART DU PIB RÉEL
1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014 2015 1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014 2015
&2175,%87,21727$/(
7RWDO$IULTXH
Afrique de l’Est 9 148 19 814 26 791 30 088 8.5 12 10.9 10.7
Afrique centrale 2 240 5 050 7 344 8 676 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.2
Afrique du Nord 33 949 77 503 74 882 75 260 8.6 12.9 11.1 10.6
Afrique australe 12 720 27 129 31 131 33 668 6.4 9.4 9.3 9.6
Afrique de l’Ouest 11 135 24 018 26 171 30 295 4.9 6.0 4.9 5.0
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Afrique de l’Est 3 858 8 061 10 851 12 235 3.6 4.9 4.5 4.4
Afrique centrale 930 2 187 3 161 3 750 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8
Afrique du Nord 15 772 35 985 34 696 34 364 4.0 6.0 5.2 4.9
Afrique australe 4 249 8 615 9 821 10 508 2.1 3.0 3.0 3.0
Afrique de l’Ouest 5 036 10 186 11 226 12 596 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.1
6RXUFH}Calculs de la CNUCED, d’après des données du World Travel and Tourism Council.[1]
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PAYS PRODUIT INTÉRIEUR BRUT RÉEL CATÉGORIE DE PAYS
(MOYENNE 2011-2014)
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Angola 4.0 PMA
Bénin 6.0 PMA
Botswana 11.3 PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Burkina Faso 3.5 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Burundi 5.6 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Cabo Verde 43.4 PEID
Cameroun 6.6
République centrafricaine 6.4 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
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Comores 11.9 PEID PMA
1.7 PMA
du Congo
Congo 4.3
Côte d’Ivoire 5.0
Djibouti .. PMA
Égypte 12.5
Guinée équatoriale .. PMA
Érythrée .. PMA
Éthiopie 10.6 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Gabon 2.4
Gambie 20.5 PMA
Ghana 7.7
Guinée 4.5 PMA
Guinée-Bissau .. PMA
Kenya 10.9
Lesotho 13.2 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Libéria .. PMA
Libye 6.6
Madagascar 12.3 PMA
Malawi 7.1 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Mali 9.4 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
Mauritanie .. PMA
Maurice 26.7 PEID
Maroc 18.4
Mozambique 7.2 PMA
Namibie 14.7
Niger 3.3 PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
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PART DU TOURISME DANS LE
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Sénégal 11.4 PMA
Seychelles 61.5 PEID
Sierra Leone 5.6 PMA
Somalie .. PMA
Afrique du Sud 9.1
Soudan du Sud .. PMA PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
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Swaziland 4.3 PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT SANS LITTORAL
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Tunisie 15.1
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COEFFICIENT DE VARIATION
Dépenses afférentes au transport international de voyageurs -1,63
Recettes d’exportation du tourisme 1,46
Envois de fonds 2,72
Aide publique au développement -0,05
Investissement étranger direct 5,10
Recettes d’exportation tirées des matières premières 5,00
Exportations de produits manufacturés 3,12
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de la pêche et de la sylviculture (en dollars constants de 2005; axe de gauche)
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dans ces deux pays.
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les fuites sont d’autant plus faibles.
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40 000 20 000
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35 000
16 000
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mais aussi dans le secteur agricole et dans certains segments du secteur manufacturier.
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Millions de dollars Millions de dollars
0
250
500
750
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1 500
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2 000
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250
500
750
1 000
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articles en cuir et chaussures
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Produits chimiques et produits
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Millions de dollars Millions de dollars
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1 000
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Composante nationale (en pourcentage)

0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
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Afrique du Sud
12
Poids du secteur d’origine dans la demande finale
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10
2011
8
1995
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2011
1995 2011
1995
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1995
1995
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Poids des composantes nationales de la valeur ajoutée dans le secteur d’origine
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14
Poids du secteur d’origine dans la demande finale
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12
1995
10 2011
6 2011
2011
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1995
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1995
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occupés par les femmes. Le principal objectif de la présente section était d’explorer par
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porte sur les questions de la libre circulation des personnes, de la
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la connectivité aérienne.
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proportion de touristes
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proportion de touristes
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L’intégration régionale favorise le tourisme intrarégional

VISA par la rationalisation des formalités de visa
par l’ouverture de l’espace aérien
par la convertibilité des monnaies
par la politique touristique

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Une bonne part de l’industrie africaine du tourisme a toujours ciblé les touristes
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permis et permettent toujours de soutenir grandement la balance des paiements de bon
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sont donc essentiellement pensés pour les touristes internationaux non africains.
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effectuées par les touristes continentaux et les touristes intrarégionaux contribuent pour
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tourisme intra-africain.
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Tableau 11
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INDICE NOMBRE D’ARRIVÉES NOMBRE D’ARRIVÉES
ÉVOLUTION EN
D’OUVERTURE DE TOURISTES DE TOURISTES PART DU TOURISME EN
POURCENTAGE DU
PAYS SUR INTERNATIONAUX EN INTERNATIONAUX EN POURCENTAGE DU PIB
NOMBRE D’ARRIVÉES
LES VISAS PROVENANCE D’UN PROVENANCE D’UN PAYS (MOYENNE 2011-2015)
(2013/2010)
(2015) PAYS D’AFRIQUE (2013) D’AFRIQUE (2010)
Égypte 0,000 705 966 942 484 -25 12,3
Angola 0,033 224 345 76 668 193 4,1
Soudan 0,048 108 167 49 516 118
Éthiopie 0,052 221 619 143 747 54 10,3
République
démocratique 0,1 72 701 20 301 258 1,7
du Congo
Algérie 0,111 622 134 329 997 89 6,5
Maroc 0,167 437 086 292 621 49 18,2
Tchad 0,204 67 568 34 218 97 3,8
Namibie 0,222 912 861 714 287 28 14,8
Congo 0,226 261 759 4,3
Tunisie 0,237 3 289 726 3 028 890 9 14,6
Afrique du Sud 0,259 6 856 050 5 740 829 19 9,2
Lesotho 0,278 408 371 400 823 2 13,2
Sierra Leone 0,278 21 789 10 845 101 5,3
Bénin 0,296 135 327 138 985 -3 6,1
Botswana 0,315 1 182 191 1 787 369 -34 11,3
Swaziland 0,315 1 169 763 1 218 054 -4 4,4
Zimbabwe 0,319 1 570 799 1 951 981 -20 10,9
Niger 0,333 69 514 47 702 46 3,3
Nigéria 0,348 1 293 082 4 231 789 -69 4
Côte d’Ivoire 0,389 258 400 173 900 49 4,9
Zambie 0,419 720 465 583 357 24 6,4
Burkina Faso 0,456 107 708 128 237 -16 3,6
Gambie 0,496 22 808 2 274 903 20,5

Tableau 11 (suite)
INDICE NOMBRE D’ARRIVÉES NOMBRE D’ARRIVÉES
ÉVOLUTION EN
D’OUVERTURE DE TOURISTES DE TOURISTES PART DU TOURISME EN
POURCENTAGE DU
PAYS SUR INTERNATIONAUX EN INTERNATIONAUX EN POURCENTAGE DU PIB
NOMBRE D’ARRIVÉES
LES VISAS PROVENANCE D’UN PROVENANCE D’UN PAYS (MOYENNE 2011-2015)
(2013/2010)
(2015) PAYS D’AFRIQUE (2013) D’AFRIQUE (2010)
République-
Unie de 0,641 524 143 393 543 33 11,2
Tanzanie
Guinée 0,7 20 405 4,5
Kenya 0,778 286 202 278 812 3 10,7
Madagascar 0,8 34 874 18 518 88 12,5
Maurice 0,822 134 659 141 295 -5 26,5
Rwanda 0,822 993 968 548 074 81 8,6
Mozambique 0,83 1 580 523 1 465 793 8 7,2
Togo 0,856 149 499 110 821 35 8,8
Cabo Verde 0,859 1 321 218 506 43,4
Ouganda 0,863 935 983 677 774 38 8,6
Mali 0,874 53 102 9,4
Seychelles 1 24 451 17 870 37 61,6
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Council, 2017.
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FORMALITÉS ACTUELLES ÉVOLUTION CONCERNANT LE

COMMUNAUTÉ D’ENTRÉE ET DE VISA POUR DROIT DE RÉSIDENCE ET LE DROIT VISA
TAUX DE PASSEPORT
ÉCONOMIQUE LES RESSORTISSANTS DES D’ÉTABLISSEMENT POUR LES TOURISTIQUE
RATIFICATION COMMUN
RÉGIONALE ÉTATS MEMBRES DE LA RESSORTISSANTS DES ÉTATS RÉGIONAL
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des personnes délivré à l’arrivée les ressortissants étrangers et les
personnes morales soient traités dans des
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COMMUNAUTÉ
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UMA Aucun plan de développement

Non
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Le tourisme est une priorité programmatique du plan stratégique à moyen
terme 2011-2015
COMESA En cours
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comme une priorité
Aucun plan de développement Protocole sur la coopération touristique
CEEAC
Le traité mentionne le tourisme comme un domaine de coopération entre États membres de la CEEAC
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Plan directeur pour le tourisme durable
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de la région de l’IGAD (2013-2023)
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TXDOLƂHOHWRXULVPHGHVHFWHXUSULRULWDLUH du tourisme dans la SADC (1998),
SADC la Stratégie quinquennale de
Le traité ne mentionne pas expressément le tourisme, mais cite les développement du tourisme
services et le commerce comme des domaines de coopération (1995-1999)
6RXUFH}Compilation de la CNUCED, d’après diverses sources, en particulier les bases de données des communautés économiques
régionales et de la Commission économique pour l’Afrique.
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d’échanger une monnaie contre une autre représente pour les touristes des frais de
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La présente section examine donc les incidences des restrictions monétaires sur
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décision.
Restrictions monétaires
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des taux et une sortie des capitaux en l’absence de restriction.
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interdire les opérations de change ou à les circonscrire aux agents de change autorisés

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de change multiples et d’en rendre compte. Nombre de mesures différentes sont
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taux de change multiples ou les écarts notables par rapport aux taux du marché.
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Observation de la relation entre les recettes touristiques et les restrictions monétaires
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la croissance des dépenses de tourisme récepteur.
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tions de change.

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RESTRICTIONS PENDANT LA RESTRICTIONS PENDANT RESTRICTIONS PENDANT
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TOTALITÉ DES ONZE ANNÉES UN À SIX ANS SEPT À DIX ANS
Angola Égypte Gabon Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Bénin,
République démocratique du Congo Botswana 6LHUUD}/HRQH %XUNLQD})DVR&DER9HUGH&DPHURXQ
Érythrée Mauritanie Malawi République centrafricaine, Tchad,
Éthiopie Seychelles Soudan Comores, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Guinée
Guinée Ghana Swaziland équatoriale, Gambie, Guinée-Bissau,
Somalie Mozambique Nigéria Kenya, Lesotho, Libéria, Lybie,
Soudan du Sud Burundi Madagascar, Mali, Maurice, Maroc,
Tunisie Namibie, Niger, République-Unie de
Zambie 7DQ]DQLH5ZDQGD6DR}7RPÆHW3ULQFLSH
Zimbabwe Sénégal, Togo,
6RXUFH}International Monetary Fund, 2015.

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comprendre des mesures visant à maintenir le taux de change en dessous du taux du marché ou à mettre en place des taux de
change multiples.
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Total des dépenses de tourisme récepteur Recettes du Dépenses de transport
-2
(recettes d’exportation du tourisme) tourisme international international de voyageurs
-4
-6
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Aucune restriction monétaire Restrictions monétaires pendant sept à dix ans
Restrictions monétaires pendant un à six ans Restrictions monétaires pendant toutes les années
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'DQVFHWWHIRUPXOHE correspond aux recettes du tourisme international pour l’année

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monétaires et XitVRQWGHVYDULDEOHVGHFRQWUÑOH/HVUHVWULFWLRQVPRQÆWDLUHVGHOpDQQÆHt
font l’objet d’une régression par rapport à l’augmentation des dépenses de l’année t-1
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du tourisme récepteur.
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de terrorisme est ajouté pour tenir compte de la paix et de la stabilité.
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et le taux de change sont les plus fortement corrélés à la croissance des dépenses de
tourisme récepteur. L’appréciation du dollar par rapport à la monnaie locale stimule la
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l’adoption de restrictions monétaires a été corrélée à une croissance des recettes du
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la relation de causalité. La présente analyse prend en compte les données disponibles
sur les dépenses de tourisme récepteur consacrées au transport international de
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la différence entre les recettes du tourisme international et les dépenses de tourisme
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tourisme international et les dépenses de tourisme récepteur consacrées au transport
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monétaires freinent la croissance des recettes du tourisme international.
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Incidences des restrictions monétaires sur les recettes du tourisme international
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RECETTES DU TOURISME INTERNATIONAL
VARIABLES (EN POURCENTAGE)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
-2,08 -6,04 -10,22a -11,15a -10,16a
Restrictions monétaires (0/1)
(3,84) (4,10) (3,52) (3,39) (3,60)
-0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
PIB réel par habitant (dollars, en parité de pouvoir d’achat)
(0,00) (0,00) (0,00) (0,00)
1,77a 2,19a 2,22a 2,32a
Croissance par habitant du PIB réel (en pourcentage)
(0,43) (0,54) (0.52) (0.53)
-0,00a -0,00a -0,00a
Taux de change (monnaie locale par rapport au dollar)
(0,00) (0,00) (0,00)
-0,05 -0,04 -0,03
Commerce (importations + exportations, en pourcentage du PIB)
(0,06) (0,06) (0,06)
0,08 0,10 0,11
Erreurs et omissions (en pourcentage du PIB)
(0,11) (0,12) (0,12)
-1,70 -1,72
Stabilité politique et absence de violence et de terrorisme (indice)
(1,99) (2,04)
3,66
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(4,24)
-14,49b -16,38c -4,99 -7,62 -10,41
Constante
(5,92) (8,70) (8,12) (7,74) (8,97)
Nombre d’observations 388 383 239 239 239
Nombre de pays 45 45 33 33 33
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D’ABSENCE DE VIOLENCE ET DE TERRORISME
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(4,58) (2,37)
1,59 1,31 -4,42 -3,46
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Nombre d’observations 186 186 413 413
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LE TOURISME EN TANT QUE VARIABLE DÉPENDANTE
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- 1,86*** -12,8
Indice de la paix dans le monde
(-4,08) (-0,91)
Indice de stabilité politique et d’absence 0,17** 0,54***
de violence et de terrorisme -2,24 -3,23
0,56*** 0,001** 0,94* 0,001**
Produit intérieur brut
-7,32 -4,42 -1,83 -2,13
0,02 0,004 0,06 0,001*
Investissement étranger direct
-1 -12,29 -0,36 -1,93
-0,002 -0,002
Population urbaine
(-0,78) (-0,51)
-117,2 -40,51 8,77 -203,76
Constante
(-1,38) (-1,00) -0,78 (-2,53)
R2 0,444 0,3341 0,01 0,1022
Nombre d’observations 186 564 191 200
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du monde sous l’effet de l’expansion du tourisme. La paix étant moins présente sur le
FRQWLQHQW HQPR\HQQH ODPDUJHGHSURJUHVVLRQHVWSOXVJUDQGHHQSDUWLHJU¿FHDX
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rapport.
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touristique pour promouvoir leur transformation structurelle. La demande
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locaux et capitaux étrangers. /HV DJHQFHV GH YR\DJHV ORFDOHV SHXYHQW IRXUQLU GHV
VHUYLFHVGHUÆVHUYDWLRQHQOLJQHDƄQGpLQFLWHUOHVWRXULVWHVà acheter leurs billets et leurs
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infrastructures liées au tourisme ont des effets importants sur l’emploi. La construction
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promotion d’emplois décents dans les secteurs formel et informel. Le tourisme peut
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femmes occupant des postes situés au bas de l’échelle. L’entreprenariat des femmes
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Cinquièmement, la collaboration régionale à la résolution des crises joue un
rôle essentiel dans la croissance du tourisme et dans la préservation de la paix.
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plan national relatif aux catastrophes au moyen d’institutions nationales et régionales
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HQWUDYHVHW½GHVFRQWUDLQWHV/HRapport 2017 sur le développement économique
en Afrique : Le tourisme au service d’une croissance transformatrice et inclusive
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unctad.org/Africa/series
“À l’occasion de l’Année internationale du tourisme durable pour le

développement, ce rapport nous éclaire de manière opportune sur
l’importance du secteur touristique en Afrique et propose des ori rientations
claires sur la manière de mieux exploiter le potentiel du tourisme e et de bâtir
un avenir meilleur et plus inclusif pour le continent et ses habitan
nts.”
Taleb Rifai, Secrétaire général de l’Organisation mondiale du tourism
me
“Ce rapport important consacré au tourisme, à une croissance inc clusive

et à l’intégration régionale est une lecture essentielle pour les décideurs,
les universitaires et les professionnels du tourisme qui s’intéresseent à la
création d’emplois et à l’avenir du développement économique et social
en Afrique. ”
Christian M. Rogerson, Professeur à la School of Tourism and Hosp
pitality de
l’Université de Johannesburg (Afrique du Sud)
Printed at United Nations, Geneva

1709293 (F)–June 2017–1,595
UNCTAD/ALDC/AFRICA/2017
United Nations publication

ISSN 1990-5092

Aldcafrica2017 FR

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C O N F É R E N C E D E S N AT I O N S U N I E S S U R L E C O M M E R C E E T L E D É V E L O P P E M E N T

au service d’une croissance

Le développement économique en Afrique

New York et Genève, 2017

Table des matières

7% du total des recettes

46% des recettes d’exportation

En moyenne, 1/14 emploi a été créé par l’industrie du tourisme en 2011-2014

 3DUH[HPSOH5RJHUVRQHWYDQGHU0HUZH  SDUOHQWGHVFRPPHUÄDQWVTXLVHGÆSODFHQW

MOYENNE TAUX DE CROISSANCE ANNUEL MOYEN

RECETTES D’EXPORTATION DU TOURISME

Balance commerciale touristique Dépenses totales de tourisme récepteur

1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014 2015 1995-1998 2005-2008 2011-2014 2015

2005-2008 8 654 3,3 2,5

2011-2014 8 845 2,9 0,3

2005-2008 20 466 7,9 4,4

2011-2014 21 188 7,1 1,0

Asie de l’Est Moyen- Asie

Investissements (milliards de dollars constants) Investissements en pourcentage du

Recettes d’exportation du tourisme

(en millions de dollars)

Nombre des arrivées de touristes Dépenses totales des touristes étrangers

Nombre de plans nationaux

Promotion des femmes Croissance

Variation annuelle de la part de la valeur ajoutée du secteur de l’agriculture, de la chasse,

(QFDGUÆ} La transformation structurelle de l’île Maurice

Appui aux infrastructures

Fournisseurs de biens et services (produits

Fournisseurs de mobilier et de matériels (efficacité Signalétique Grossistes et

Du lieu de départ au lieu

PAYS 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014

Indonésie 9,9 7 5,4 4,6 5,8

Recettes du tourisme international Afrique du Sud 7,7 9 12,7 9,6 9,6

Tunisie 23 23,1 19,2 15,7 14,1

Indonésie 6 022,6 5 805,8 6 838,4 8 465,3 10 031,3

Tunisie 6 238,4 7 690,2 8 867,4 10 528,2 10 913,1

Indonésie 26,3 41 34,1 24,3 23,6

Tunisie 44,9 39,6 44,9 50,5 45,6

Agriculture, chasse, pêche et sylviculture Construction

non comprises ailleurs

Commerce de gros et de détail; Commerce de gros et de détail;

Intermédiation financière Intermédiation financière

Immobilier, locations et activités Immobilier, locations et activités

Composante nationale (en pourcentage)

électriques, équipements et électriques, équipements et

Matériels de transport Matériels de transport

Commerce de gros et de détail; Commerce de gros et de détail;

Intermédiation financière Intermédiation financière

Composante nationale (en pourcentage)

Agriculture, chasse, pêche et sylviculture Commerce de gros et de détail; activités de réparation

La présence d’infrastructures d’appui étant un facteur décisif de la durée de séjour

Afrique du Sud 1 108

(QFDGUÆLe tourisme médical en Tunisie

Secteur du tourisme Tous secteurs

Taux de chômage Taux de chômage

/H GLYLGHQGH GÆPRJUDSKLTXH HVW JÆQÆUDOHPHQW FRQVLGÆUÆ FRPPH XQH IRUPLGDEOH

 6HORQOp2,7 E XQDSSUHQWLVVDJHLQIRUPHOHVWXQ}V\VWÅPHSDUOHTXHOXQMHXQHDSSUHQWL

L’écart de salaires entre hommes et femmes dans le secteur du tourisme est

L’intégration régionale favorise le tourisme intrarégional

par l’ouverture de l’espace aérien

par la convertibilité des monnaies

par la politique touristique

Arrivées de touristes internationaux (monde) Arrivées de touristes internationaux

3DUH[HPSOH5RJHUVRQHWYDQGHU0HUZH SDUOHQWGHVFRPPHUÄDQWVTXLVHGÆSODFHQW

(QFDGUÆ} La transformation structurelle de l’île Maurice

(QFDGUÆLe tourisme médical en Tunisie

6HORQOp2,7 E XQDSSUHQWLVVDJHLQIRUPHOHVWXQ}V\VWÅPHSDUOHTXHOXQMHXQHDSSUHQWL

L’ensemble des 15 Les citoyens de la CEDEAO sont &DUWHGHUÆVLGHQFHGURLWGpÆWDEOLVVHPHQW &HUWLƂFDWV En cours

6RXUFH}International Monetary Fund, 2015.

(it = K + ß1ź&it + ß2ź;it + Tt + eit

'DQVFHWWHIRUPXOHE correspond aux recettes du tourisme international pour l’année

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