Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
N.B. : le candidat attachera la plus grande importance à la clarté, à la précision et à la concision de la rédaction.
!"#$%#&'%("(')#*+)#',*%-#.#/*0-/*/#&*#1$"#0*$)#2$"#+*,32*/#4)/*#$%*#*//*$/#(5-%6%&-7#"2#2*#+"8%'2*/'#+$/#+'#&60"*#
et devra poursuivre sa composition en expliquant les raisons des ini)"')"9*+#1$5"2#'#-)-#',*%-#.#0/*%(/*:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !"# $%&$'&%()*$"# #+,( *,(")-*("#.
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !" #'/"( "#( $+01+#2 -" ()+*# 1%)(*"# *,-21",-%,("#.
!
31$'-*)()&"* 4$*$1(%-
!" #$%& "'( %) *&+,)" -*)( ." /*)#(0*))"1")( "'( #")(&,. -,)' ." #*&2' 3%1,0)4 !" '#351,
-6%) #$%& 3%1,0) "'( &"2&5'")(5 5&4,1- 64 !"' /.7#3"' 8.,)#3"' &"2&5'")(")( ." '")' -"
#0&#%.,(0*) -% ',)+4
!, -5/,0..,)#" #,&-0,9%" "'( .*%&-" -" #*)'59%")#"' "( )%0( ,% /*)#(0*))"1")( -"' -0//5&")('
*&+,)"' -% #*&2'4 !*&'9%" ., #30&%&+0" "( ., 15-0#,(0*) )" '*)( 2,' '%//0',)("' 2*%& (&,0("&
#"' -5/,0..,)#"': 2.%'0"%&' ,.("&),(0;"' *)( 5(5 -5;".*225"' "( 2"%;")( <(&" 2&*2*'5"' ,%
2,(0")( =
> %) ?@A B012.,)(,8." #,&-0*;"&("& -"/08&0..,(*&C 9%0 '%&;"0.." ." /*)#(0*))"1")( -% #$%&
"( 2&5;0")( ." 2,(0")( -6%)" ,)*1,.0" D
> %) EFA B;")(&0#%.,& ,''0'( -";0#"C 9%0 )5#"''0(" %)" 8,(("&0" "G("&)" "( 9%0 /*%&)0( %)
(&,;,0. '%22.51")(,0&" 2*%& ,''0'("& ." #$%& D
> %)" (&,)'2.,)(,(0*) #,&-0,9%" 9%0 #*)'0'(" H &"12.,#"& ." #$%& -% 2,(0")( 2,& %) #$%&
,&(0/0#0". *% 2,& ." #$%& -6%) -*))"%& ',0)4
!, (&,)'2.,)(,(0*) #,&-0,9%" "'( '*%;")( ., '*.%(0*) ., 2.%' -%&,8.": 1,0' ,%''0 #".." 9%0 "'(
., 2.%' -0//0#0." -6,##7': #,& ".." )5#"''0(" %) -*))"%& ") 8*))" ',)(5 B."' #$%&' ,&(0/0#0".'
5(,)( ")#*&" H #" I*%& H .65(,( -" 2&*(*(J2"'C4 !, '*.%(0*) ("#3)*.*+09%" &"(")%" -,)' #"
'%I"( "'( ." EFA: 9%0 , 5)*&151")( 5;*.%5 #"' -"&)07&"' ,))5"'4
@"((" '*.%(0*) )6"'( #"2")-,)( 2,' -%&,8." ,% '(,-" ,#(%". -" -5;".*22"1")(4 K.." )6"'(
%(0.0'5" 9%" -,)' ." #,' -" +&*''"' -5/,0..,)#"' #,&-0,9%"' "( -,)' .6,((")(" -6%) -*))"%&
2*(")(0".4
A,)' #" '%I"(: %)" )*%;".." +5)5&,(0*) -" 2*12" EFA 0)(&,>25&0#,&-0,." B9%0 "'( -0&"#("1")(
0)(5+&5" ,% #$%& -% 2,(0")(C "'( 5(%-05"4 A5;".*225" 2,& ., '*#05(5 /&,)L,0'" !"#$%&': #"(("
2*12" "'( 012.,)(5" '%& ." ;")(&0#%." +,%#3" B-0'2*'0(0/ &"2&5'")(5 5&4,1- 7C: "( 2"&1"( -6,2>
2*&("& ., 2%0'',)#" 3J-&,%.09%" '%22.51")(,0&" 9%0 1,)9%" ,% #$%& -5/,0..,)(4
!" 2&*-%0( "'( -5#&0( '%& ." '0(" '%0;,)( = 3((2' =MMNNN4#*&N,;"4#*1M/&M2&*-%#(M#*&N,;">.;,-M
869&1$%7
!"#$%&'()* +& '&((& ,-.()& &/( +& '#0,-.&. 1&/ ,&.*#.0-2'&/ +"32 '43. /-)2 5 '&11&/ +3 '43.
+"32 ,-()&2( -((&)2( !"#$%&'(')%#*& +$),-'!*./& 6 1")2(7.8( +& 1- ,#0,& +"-//)/(-2'& '-.+)-93&
/&.- -)2/) 0)/ &2 -:-2( ,#3. '#0,&2/&. 1&/ &**&(/ +& '& (;,& +& ,-(<#1#=)&>
':; ( )*+,-%."$%*/ +<0/ 120# ."%/
?2 2& '#2/)+7.-2( 93& 1- 0#)()7 =-3'<& +3 '43.@ 1& ';'1& (<&.0#+;2-0)93& A2#(7 Γ(< B /3$)
,-. 1& /-2= '#2(&23 +-2/ 1& :&2(.)'31& &( 1"#.&)11&((& ,&3( 8(.& (.-'7 +-2/ 32 +)-=.-00& ,.&/C
/)#2 C :#130& A7%40#& =B> !&/ 7(-,&/ +3 ';'1& Γ(< /#2( +7(-)117&/ ')C-,.D/ E
F A → B #&>5-%.."4& ?&/$#%10-"%#& @ 1- :-1:& #.)'31#C:&2(.)'31-).& =-3'<& A:-1:& 0)(.-1&
2307.#(7& G /3. 1- 7%40#& ;B /"#3:.&@ 1& :#130& +3 :&2(.)'31& =-3'<& H ,-//& .-C
,)+&0&2( +"&2:).#2 V0 = 70 mL 5 V1 = 140 mL /3):-2( 32& '#3.$& -,,&17& 0,)/'1&
!& ,)+%2*-3,&0 6
F B → C 5A".& +& +%".$*-& @ .&0,1)//-=& 1&2( +3 :&2(.)'31&@ +7%5 93-/)0&2( ,1&)2> !"-**13I
+& ,&3 +& /-2= &/( -1#./ .&/,#2/-$1& +"32& *#.(& -3=0&2(-()#2 +& 1- ,.&//)#2 +-2/
1& :&2(.)'31&> !- ,.&//)#2 0#2(& %3/93"5 1- (&34*)3 4$4()2*./& p1 = 1, 70·104 Pa 6
F C → D ,9&1$%*/ .B.$*-%C0& @ 1"#.&)11&((& =-3'<& J /& '#2(.-'(&@ 7%&'(-2( 1& /-2= +-2/
1"-.(D.& -#.(& ,-. 1- :-1:& -#.()93& K #3:&.(&> !& :#130& +3 :&2(.)'31& .&+&/'&2+
5 V0 = 70 mL 6
F D → A #&-"D"$%*/ %.*?*-0>,$#%C0& @ (#3(&/ 1&/ :-1:&/ /& *&.0&2(@ 1&/ '&1131&/ 03/'3C
1-).&/ :&2(.)'31-).&/ /& .&1L'<&2( &( 1- ,.&//)#2 .&(#0$& 5 1- (&34*)3 !*-4()2*./&
p0 = 1, 00·104 Pa>
p
D C
p1 • •
Wp
•
A B
p0 • V
V0 V1
J;: N3/()*)&. 1& /&2/ +& ,-.'#3./ +& '& ';'1& +-2/ 1& +)-=.-00& (p, V) -3 :3 +3 .O1& +3
'43. +-2/ 1& '#.,/ <30-)2> P+&2()*)&. -1#./ 1- /)=2)*)'-()#2 +& W p @ 1"-).& -1=7$.)93&
=.)/7& +7*)2)& ,#/)():& E
Wp = − p dV. AGB
Γ(<
P1 &/( ,#//)$1& +& +)/'.7()/&. 1"793-()#2 AKB &2 -,,.#I)0-2( 1")2(7=.-1& ,-. 1&/ (.#)/ /3.*-'&/
.&,.7/&2(7&/ 7%40#& F E
V V V
Vn−1 Vn Vn−1 Vn Vn−1 Vn
?31&. &I,1)')(& ?31&. )0,1)')(& ?31&. /&0)C)0,1)')(&
AQ7(<#+& +&/ .&'(-2=1&/ 5 AQ7(<#+& +&/ .&'(-2=1&/ 5 AQ7(<#+& +&/ (.-,DR&/B
=-3'<&B +.#)(&B
Vn−1 &( Vn /&.#2( 1&/ :#130&/ +3 :&2(.)'31& 5 +&3I )2/(-2(/ '#2/7'3()*/@ )2+)'7/ n − 1 &( n &2
.7*7.&2'& -3 ,-/ +& (&0,/ +3 0#+D1& 2307.)93&> S& 080&@ 1&/ 2#(-()#2/ /3):-2(&/ /&.#2(
3()1)/7&/ E Wn = W(Vn )@ Wn−1 = W(Vn−1 )@ pn = p(Vn ) &( pn−1 = p(Vn−1 )@ -:&' 0 < n ≤ N@ N ∈ N
7(-2( 1& 2#0$.& +& ,#)2(/ +& 1- /)031-()#2 2307.)93&>
JH: T#3. 1&/ (.#)/ /'<70-/ +& 1- 7%40#& F@ ,.7')/&. 1& 1)&2 93) &I)/(& &2(.& Wn @ Wn−1 @ pn @ pn−1 @
Vn &( Vn−1 &2 *#2'()#2 +3 /'<70- +& +)/'.7()/-()#2 '<#)/) ,#3. 1& '-1'31 +& 1")2(7=.-1&
&2 3()1)/-2( 1"793-()#2 AKB>
!& '-1'31 2307.)93& +& W = W − W ,&.0&( +"#$(&2). 1& .7/31(-( /3):-2( E W = 0, 5 USI>
p N 0 p
J=: T-. 32 .-)/#22&0&2( =.-,<)93& /3. 1& +)-=.-00& (p, V)@ 0#2(.&. 93& '&((& :-1&3.
#$(&23& &/( '#<7.&2(&> T.7')/&. /#2 /)=2& &( /#2 32)(7>
B′
• •
B
A
p0 • V
V0 V 1h V1
H3%. ,' 19)"#<'$ "' ;)1*"' *#$,%#()' "9$1 ,-).' ,03#%""#.*' ,' 39.*2%9..';'.28 ).' /9;/'
,-#11%12#.*' *#$,%#()' /')2 A2$' %.12#""0' '.2$' "' &'.2$%*)"' <#)*?' '2 "-#$2I$' #9$2'6
9;" D. ;9,0"%1#.2 "'1 *B*"'1 ,' "# 4*6035 < '2 ,' "# 4*6035 7 /#$ ,'1 $'*2#.<"'1 ,' ?#)2')$
JH7K '2 '. ,02'$;%.#.2 "')$1 #%$'18 '12%;'$ "# /'$2' ;#L%;#"' ,' /)%11#.*' ?B,$#)M
"%()' 4'. N#22 M W5 ,) &'.2$%*)"' <#)*?' ,-). *+)$ ,' /#2%'.2 #22'%.2 ,-?B/'$2$9/?%'
;B9*#$,%()' /#$ $#//9$2 F ). /#2%'.2 #&'* ). *+)$ 1#%. /9)$ ).' ;A;' 3$0()'.*'
,' =#22';'.2 f = 60 batt·min−1 6 D. ,0,)%$' "# &#"')$ ,' "# /)%11#.*' ?B,$#)"%()' 1)/M
/"0;'.2#%$' ()-).' /9;/' ,-#11%12#.*' *#$,%#()' ,9%2 39)$.%$8 1#*?#.2 ()-'""' #11%12'
).%()';'.2 "' &'.2$%*)"' <#)*?'6
!"< $ =, >&?>5 1,3'*,@05 >&03 >,))*53 0.5 '(4*1*5.15 '0 1203
:'1 *9.2$#%.2'1 2'*?.9"9<%()'1 /$%.*%/#"'1 1)$ "# /9;/' "%0'1 #) ,0&'"9//';'.2 ,'1 :OH7
40%1' 2%3'&)+/4,& 566)6' 7%8)+%5 19.2 "'1 1)%&#.2'1 P
Q '""' ,9%2 A2$' *#/#="' ,-#,#/2'$ 19. $0<%;' /9)$ A2$' '. /?#1' #&'* "' ,0=%2 q ,' 1#.<
.0*'11#%$' F 29)2 %.12#.28 "'1 2'*?.9"9<%'1 /)"1#2%"'1 4()% 1' *#"()'.2 1)$ "' =#22';'.2
,) *+)$5 /$01'.2#.2 ,' ;'%""')$1 $01)"2#21 ()' "'1 2'*?.9"9<%'1 F ,0=%2 *9.12#.26 D""'1
:# /9;/' #*2)'""';'.2 ,0&'"9//0' /#$ "# 19*%020 3$#.T#%1' A(&B,8% 2'.2' ,' $0/9.,$' F *'1
/$9="0;#2%()'1 '. 1-#//)B#.2 1)$ ).' 2'*?.9"9<%' F =#1' ,' ;';=$#.' &%=$#.2' %.1/%$0'
,) ;9)&';'.2 ,' *'$2#%.1 #.%;#)L ;#$%.1 44*6035 :56
>'22' 2'*?.9"9<%' /'$;'2 #%.1% ,' ,0"%&$'$ ). ,0=%2 #)11% =%'. /)"1#2%"' ()' *9.2%.) P '.
"-#=1'.*' ,-%.'$2%' ,' /%I*'1 '. $92#2%9. 4%.,%1/'.1#="'1 ,#.1 ,-#)2$'1 2'*?.9"9<%'158 "' /9%.2
,' 39.*2%9..';'.2 ,' "# /9;/' /')2 A2$' *?#.<0 '. ;9%.1 ,-).' 91*%""#2%9.6
Sang du ventricule
$ %
#
Actionneur
"
Tête de !
pompe
Sang vers
aorte
8*6035 : $ U';=$#.' &%=$#.2' =$'&'20' 8*6035 ; $ V*?0;# '. *9)/' ,) :OH7 ,'
/#$ A(&B,8% "-'.2$'/$%1' A(&B,8%
:' 1*?0;# W7 44*6035 ;5 #%.1% ()' "' ,%#<$#;;' ,' ="9* %.2'$.' 44*6035 E5 ,' "# /9;/'
/$01'.2'.2 1# 12$)*2)$'6 :# ;';=$#.' X '12 ,%$'*2';'.2 ;9)"0' 1)$ 1# 3%L#2%9. Y 6 :' $Z"'
,' *'22' 3%L#2%9. '12 ,' 2$#.1;'22$' "'1 '339$21 ,'/)%1 "# /#$2%' ;9=%"' ,' "-#*2%9..')$ E)1()-F
"# ;';=$#.'6 :-#*2%9..')$ '12 *9.12%2)0 ,-).' *9)$9..' ;#<.02%()' ;9=%"' W ()% '.29)$'
). 12#29$ *9.12%2)0 ,' ,')L =9=%.'1 [ '2 ,-). .9B#) 3'$$9;#<.02%()' \ ()% *#.#"%1' "'
*?#;/ ;#<.02%()' *$00 /#$ "'1 =9=%.'16
].' /#%$' ,' $'119$21 *%$*)"#%$'18 .9. $'/$01'.20' 1)$ "' 1*?0;#8 #11)$' "' *'.2$#<' ,'
"-#%;#.2 '2 ,' "# ;';=$#.' #)29)$ ,' "-#L' ,' "# /9;/' '2 39)$.%2 ).' 39$*' ,' $#//'" ()%
;#%.2%'.2 "-#%;#.2 #)29)$ ,-).' /91%2%9. ,' $'/916
:-'.1';="' ,'1 ,')L =9=%.'1 '12 ;9.20 '. 10$%' '2 *9..'*20 F ). 1B12I;' ,-0"'*2$9.%()'
,' /)%11#.*' /#$ ). *S="' 0"'*2$%()'6 >9;;' "' ;9)&';'.2 ,' "# /9;/' '12 /0$%9,%()'8 "'
*9)$#.2 *9.2%.) ,'1 =#22'$%'1 ,9%2 A2$' *9.&'$2% '. *9)$#.2 #"2'$.#2%36
:' 1#.<8 /9;/0 ,'/)%1 "' &'.2$%*)"' <#)*?' ,03%*%'.28 /#11' ,' *?#()' *Z20 ,' "# ;';M
=$#.'6 !" '12 #"9$1 'L/)"10 /#$ "# ;';=$#.' ,#.1 "-#$2I$' #9$2'6
!"#$%& ' ( !"#$%#&&' (' )*+,- "./'%.'- (' *# 0+&0' 1 &'&)%#.' !"#$%&'
9:;&8."<
56+)7',/"8 (' ,'//' 0#%/"' '-/ (' ("&'.-"+..'% *6#,/"+..'4% 9*',/%+&#$.9/":4' #8". :4' *#
0+&0' 8+4%."--' *# 04"--#.,' ;<(%#4*":4' (6#00+"./ -488"-#./' 0+4% ,+&)*'% *'- (98","'.,'-
(4 ,=4%> ?+4% ,'*#@ "* '-/ .9,'--#"%' (' (9/'%&".'% *' %'.('&'./ ;<(%#4*":4' (' *# 0+&0'
'/ (' ,+.-/%4"%' 4. &+(A*' (' ,+..#"--#.,' (' *6'88+%/ (6".(4,/"+. '.$'.(%9 0#% *' 0#--#$'
(4 ,+4%#./ (#.- *'- )+)".'->
//=> ( 0?.&%1"2-."42 5$ 5?:". 2?8&33-"%& 57-@@4"2. <4$%2" @-% 6- @41@&
B'//' -+4-C0#%/"' /%#"/' (' *# /D/' (' 0+&0' E<"#$%& AF> 56#,/"+..'4% 9*',/%+&#$.9/":4' &'/
'. &+4G'&'./ *# ,+4%+..' &#$.9/":4' H 8"39' (' &#."A%' %"$"(' 1 *# &'&)%#.' '. -"*"C
,+.' (98+%&#)*' I @ :4" ,+.G'%/"/ *# 04"--#.,' &9,#.":4' '. 04"--#.,' ;<(%#4*":4' 4/"*'>
J* '-/ .9,'--#"%' (' -6"./9%'--'% #4 (9)"/ 1 8+4%."% 0#% *# 0+&0' 0+4% ,+&)*'% *# (98","'.,'
(4 ,=4%>
?+4% *# -4"/'@ *# 8%9:4'.,' (' 8+.,/"+..'&'./ (' *# 0+&0'@ ("889%'./' (' ,'**' (4 ,=4%@ -'%#
.+&&9' f p > 2**' '-/ (90'.(#./' (4 0+"./ (' 8+.,/"+..'&'./ (' *# 0+&0'@ ,;+"-" '. 8+.,/"+.
(4 (9)"/ (6#00+"./ G+4*4>
5'- (+..9'- .4&9%":4'- 0+4% 4. ".("G"(4 #4 %'0+- -+./ 8+4%."'- ,"C('--+4- K
C 04"--#.,' ;<(%#4*":4' &+<'..' 1 8+4%."% 0#% *# 0+&0' K P;<(%+ = 0, 3 W L
C 8%9:4'.,' (' )#//'&'./ (4 ,=4% K f = 60 batt·min−1 L
C (9)"/ &+<'. (64. ,=4% -#". K 70 mL (' -#.$ 0#% )#//'&'./ L
C (9)"/ &+<'. (64. ,=4% (98#"**#./ K 30 mL (' -#.$ 0#% )#//'&'./>
M.' 0%'&"A%' #00%+3"&#/"+. (4 -<-/A&' '-/ 8#"/'@ *# &'&)%#.' 9/#./ &+(9*"-9' 0#% 4. 0"-C
/+. ,<*".(%":4' ".(98+%&#)*' E<"#$%& >BF>
!"#$%&'()*$"#
1&*2&#$&'()*$"#
Ventricule Ventricule
8")#$'6"/$'9-0$
+"0/*&
8")#$'6"/$':-*
+,-(&$'
-#$)./&$"0/
3&#*'45%2"0,&6&#$
40'*-#7
Aorte Aorte
!"# !"#$ %&$"'# (# )*+, (&-. /0#1.#2 $* 3&'3#4 3*2 5*..#'#+. (# 16"24 3&"2 1&'3#+)#2
$* (/7-1-#+1# (8"+ 16"2 '*$*(# 9 :+ (/("-2# $# (/5-. '&;#+ (# $* 3&'3# #+ mL·s−1
3&"2 "+ -+(-%-(" *" 2#3&)<
!"#$%&'&($)$*+,%- !"#$%&5&(21#$*+,%-
.+/*0#.*1+/& 0%,#6#*1+/&.#021#34%
.#021#34%
34567&$8#$"&'9:(
*$.,/)
*$+,-)
6
=* 1;$-+(2/# (# $* 3&'3# )#2* 32-)# /,*$# B C; = ≃ 0, 86 mL<
7
!*# :+ #L3$&-.*+. $#) ,2*3A#) )"2 $* $%&'() ++4 #L32-'#2 $#) (/5-.) Q1 #. Q2 (# )*+, /0#1./
3*2 $* 3&'3# 3&"2 1A*1"+# (#) (#"L 3A*)#) (8"+ 1;1$# #+ 7&+1.-&+ (# C; 4 fp1 #. (#
fp2 < N/*$-)#2 $8*33$-1*.-&+ +"'/2-@"# 3&"2 Q1 #. Q2 4 #+ mL·s−1 < =# (/5-. '&;#+ (# $*
3&'3# (# 40 mL·s−1 #).O-$ *))"2/ 9 P").-7-#2 %&.2# 2/3&+)#<
!+.# P").-7-#2 @"#4 3&"2 *))"2#2 "+ (/5-. (# 40 mL·s−1 4 $* 72/@"#+1# '&;#++# fpm B $*@"#$$#
$* 3&'3# (#%2*-. 7&+1.-&++#2 (*+) $# 1*) (8"+ '&(# (# 7&+1.-&++#'#+. 1&+.-+" >'&(#
+&+ 3"$)*.-$# *%#1 f3 1&+).*+.#? #). 32&1A# (# 50 Hz<
=#) #))*-) )"2 5*+1 3#2'#..#+. (# (/.#2'-+#2 $* 1&"25# 2/#$$# (8/%&$".-&+ (# F'#'5 *" 1&"2)
(" .#'3)< C#) 2/)"$.*.) )&+. 2#32/)#+./) $%&'() +0 3&"2 "+# 72/@"#+1# (8#L1-.*.-&+ (# $*
'#'52*+# (# f3 = fpm = 50 Hz< =* 3"-))*+1# '&;#++# A;(2*"$-@"# '#)"2/# #+ )&2.-# (#
3&'3# *" 1&"2) (#) #))*-) 1&22#)3&+( B $* 3"-))*+1# PA;(2& = 0, 3 W %&"$"#<
'
&2+
1"##%
(&
F'#'5 (t) R 7&21# %#2.-1*$# #L#21/#
& 3*2 $# )*+, )"2 $* '#'52*+#
0(&
0*&
& '& (& )& *& +&
!"#$%
!"#$ !" #$%%&#'"( )$* x(t) #&+( $"* ,&"-(+&" #+"$#&./'0* x(t) = X0 cos(2π fpm t + ϕ)1 /2(*34+5
"*3 06*7%3*##+&" /* P4*-' (t) -&33*#%&"/'"( 8 0' %$+##'"-* +"#('"('"2* (3'"#4+#* %'3 0'
4*493'"* '$ #'": %&$3 $"* ,32)$*"-* /* ,&"-(+&""*4*"( /* 0' %&4%* fpm = 50 Hz1
*" ,&"-(+&" /* fpm 1 ϕ1 X0 *( /* h; !7%3+4*3 '0&3# P4&< = < P4*-' (t) > #$3 $"* %23+&/*
-&33*#%&"/'"( 8 $" 9'((*4*"( /* -=$31 *" ,&"-(+&" /* fpm 1 X0 *( /* h; >2'0+#*3 06'%5
%0+-'(+&" "$423+)$*1 '?*- X0 = 1 mm *( h = 65 USI;
!"%$ @$*0 %A2"&4B"* /+##+%'(+, %*$( C$#(+,+*3 0' /+,,23*"-* *"(3* 0' %$+##'"-* 42-'"+)$*
P4&< (3'"#4+#* %'3 0' 4*493'"* '$ #'": *( 0' %$+##'"-* A</3'$0+)$* PA</3& = 0, 3 W
4*#$32* *" #&3(+* /* %&4%* D !" /2/$+3* 0* 3*"/*4*"( A</3'$0+)$* rA</3& /* 0' %&4%*;
E* #<#(B4* -&"#(+($2 /* 0' -&$3&""* 4':"2(+)$* I"&(2* J #$3 0' 5.96,+ :K '(('-A2* 8 0'
4*493'"* *" #+0+-&"*1 "&(2* L 1 *#( 4&/20+#2 %'3 $" #<#(B4* 4'##*53*##&3( /* 4'##* *"
→
−
4&$?*4*"( m = 6, 0 g I5.96,+ "%K; E* 3*##&3( *7*3-* $"* ,&3-* F3 = F3 (x) → −
u x #$3 0* #<#(B4*
Ix = ℓ − ℓ2) 2('"( 06'00&":*4*"( /$ 3*##&3( %'3 3'%%&3( 8 #' 0&":$*$3 /62)$+0+93* ℓ2) K *( 0* ,0$+/*
−−−−−→
*7*3-* $"* ,&3-* F4*49 = −h ẋ → −
u x #$3 0' 4*493'"*1 '?*- h = 65 USI;
60
x 50
−−−→ 40
F4': −−−−−→ 30
F4*49 20
x • • 10
Fr (en N)
••
y 0
O →
−
F3 10
ℓ ℓ2) 20
30
40
50
60
;.96,+ "% ' F<#(B4* &#-+00'"( ;.96,+ "< ' M&3-* /* 3'%%*0 /$ 3*##&3(
!"#$ !" "#$%"$ ℓ0 &% &#"'()(* + ,-.) .( *)//#*$0 )12*-3)* /% &#"'()(* ℓ45 + &645(-&-7*)0 )"
&6%7/)"8) .6)18-$%$-#" 3%'"4$-5()0 )" 9#"8$-#" .) ℓ0 0 m0 k )$ .) &6%884&4*%$-#" .) &%
2)/%"$)(* g:
;) /</$=3) )/$ .4/#*3%-/ 4$(.-4 2%* *%22#*$ + /% 2#/-$-#" .645(-&-7*) >)" O? *)24*4) 2%*
&6%7/8-//) x:
!"%$ ;% 9#*8) )1)*84) 2%* &) *)//#*$ /(* &) /</$=3) )/$ *)2*4/)"$4) &'()*+ "#: @*#2#/)* ("
3#.=&) &-"4%-*) .) 8)$$) 9#*8) /(* &% 2&%') x ∈ [−1, 0 mm ; +1, 0 mm] 2#(* &6)12*-3)*
/#(/ &% 9#*3) F* (x) = −kx )" 2*48-/%"$ &% ,%&)(* "(34*-5() .) k )" N·mm−1 :
;6)18-$%$-#" /)*% 8#"/-.4*4) A%*3#"-5()0 .) &% 9#*3) F3%' (t) = F0 cos(ωt) >%,)8 ω &% 2(&/%$-#"
.) &6)18-$%$-#"? )$ &% 9#*3) .)/ #/8-&&%$-#"/ .) &% 8#(*#"") 3%'"4$-5()0 3#.4&-/4)/ 2%* &%
9#"8$-#" A%*3#"-5() x(t) = X0 cos(ωt + ϕ)0 /)*% 4$(.-4):
!",$ B#"$*)* 5() &% 9#"8$-#" .) $*%"/9)*$ .( /</$=3) #/8-&&%"$ 2)($ /648*-*) /#(/ &% 9#*3)
.) &% 9#*3(&) >C?
x(jω) H0
H(jω) = = 2ξ
>C?
F3%' (jω) 1 + jω + 1
(jω)2
ω0 ω20
!".$ @*48-/)* &% ,%&)(* .)/ 2)"$)/ "#" "(&&)/ #7/)*,4)/ .%"/ &) .-%'*%33) .) I#.) )"
'%-" >&'()*+ "%? )" /248-9-%"$ &% 2&%') .) 9*45()"8)/ %//#8-4):
!"/$ ;% 2&%') .) 9*45()"8)/ .6#/8-&&%$-#"/ .) &% 3)37*%") >.) 40 Hz + 70 Hz? )/$G)&&) )"
%88#*. %,)8 &% 7%".) 2%//%"$) + −3 dB .( /</$=3) 3%//)G*)//#*$ %-"/- 3#.4&-/4 J
!01$ !" 8A)*8A%"$ &6)99#*$ .6-".(8$-#" F3%' /#(/ &% 9#*3) F3%' = F0 cos(ωt)0 2*48-/)* &% ,%G
&)(* "(34*-5() .) &6%32&-$(.) F0 .) &% 9#*8) .6-".(8$-#" "48)//%-*) 2#(* #7$)"-* .)/
#/8-&&%$-#"/ .( /</$=3) ,-7*%"$ .6%32&-$(.) X0 = 1, 0 mm:
@#(* &% /(-$)0 %9-" .) '%*%"$-* (") 3%*') .) /48(*-$4 /(99-/%"$)0 &6%8$-#"")(* .),*% K$*) 8%G
2%7&) .) 2*#.(-*) (") 9#*8) 3%'"4$-5() F3%' .6%32&-$(.) 3-"-3%&) F0m = 50 N:
−80
−100
G!" #$% dB&
−120
−140
−160 0
10 101 102 103 104 105
0
−50
-./0$ #$% ◦ &
−100
−150
1/%0 ,$88$ 0$,825%B 6/ ,5+(5%%$ 4/3%)82*+$ #%58)$ E 0+( 6/ <"#$%& =& 05+420$ D !$0 $775(80
!<2%!+,825% @$(4$88/%8 6/ F2=(/825% !$ 6/ 4$4=(/%$B %58)$ G B 0$(/ 6<5=>$8 !$ 6<)8+!$A
;/ ,5+(5%%$ 4/3%)82*+$ #<"#$%& '>& / +%$ 75(4$ 85(2*+$B !$ 0$,825% ,/(()$ !<)@/200$+(
ε = 2, 0 mmA ;$ (/95% 2%8)(2$+( !$ 6/ ,5+(5%%$ $08 %58) Rc = 20, 0 mmA ;$ 4/8)(2/+ ,54@50/%8
,$8 /%%$/+ $08 +% /662/3$ D =/0$ !$ 7$( ,5%0$(F/%8 +%$ /24/%8/825% ()4/%$%8$ 6+2 ,5%7)(/%8
6$0 @(5@(2)8)0 4/3%)82*+$0 !<+% /24/%8 @$(4/%$%8A
!" #$$%#&'( $' Nd2 Fe14 B( ) *#+' ,' "-.,/0' 1Nd2( ,' 3'4 1Fe2 '5 ,' *.4' 1B2( '+5 65%$%+- ,'76%+
$'+ #""-'+ 90 '5 7'40'5 ,' 4-#$%+'4 6" 0#5-4%#6 #8'9 6"' #%0#"5#5%." 4-0#"'"5' 3 ) 10 3.%+
+67-4%'64' ) 9'$$' ,:6" #%0#"5 ,' 3'44%5' ,' 0;0' 0#++'<
x
→
−
ur
x Rc
→
− M →−
θ ur • uϕ
M
• θ
r →
−
uθ
P ε
• −−→ z
z dM •
• P
ε H Rc
ϕ •
y H
y
→
!"#$%& '( ) =.64.""' 0#&"-5%>6' !"#$%& '* ) ?.0'"5 0#&"-5%>6' dM
−−→
@:#%0#"5#5%." J~ ,6 0#5-4%#6 '+5 ,-3%"%' 9.00' -5#"5 $# ,'"+%5- ,' 0.0'"5 0#&"-5%>6' dM
1+"#$%& '*2 7#4 -$-0'"5 ,' 8.$60' dV ,6 0#5-4%#6 A
−−→
− dM
→
J = . 1B2
dV
→−
C.64 $:#$$%#&' Nd2 Fe14 B( $:#%0#"5#5%." ,6 0%$%'6 '+5 J = || J || = 1, 0·107 A·m−1 <
,-'. D" +677.+#"5 6"' 4-7#45%5%." E.0.&F"' ,' $:#%0#"5#5%." ,#"+ $' 0#5-4%#6( '" ,-,6%4'
) $:#%,' ,' $# 3.406$' 1B2 $# 8#$'64 ,6 0.0'"5 ,%7.$#%4' 0#&"-5%>6' M ,' $# 9.64.""'
0#&"-5%>6'< @:E/7.5EF+' ε ≪ Rc +'4# 3#%5' 1,#"+ $'+ 9#$96$+ '5 $'+ 'G74'++%."+2 7.64
3#9%$%5'4 $'+ 9#$96$+ ,#"+ 9'55' >6'+5%." '5 7.64 $# +6%5'<
@# 0.,-$%+#5%." ,' $# 9.64.""' 0#&"-5%>6' #8'9 6"' 4-7#45%5%." E.0.&F"' ,' $:#%0#"5#5%."
,6 0#5-4%#6 7'40'5 ,' ,-5'40%"'4 $:'G74'++%." ,6 9E#07 0#&"-5%>6' '" 6" 7.%"5 ,' $:#G'
,' 4-8.$65%." ,' $:#""'#6<
→
− −−→
@' 9E#07 0#&"-5%>6' d B(M) 94-- 7#4 6" 0.0'"5 0#&"-5%>6' dM # 7.64 'G74'++%." A
−−→
dM ·→ −r
→
− µ 0 µr −r − d−
→ −→
d B(M) = 3 M
4πr3 r2
!"#$ !"#$%&% '(& )* +",-".*#$& */0*)& 1( +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& -&($ 5$%& &/-%0,4& ."(. )*
6"%,& 7 !2
→
− 2η − 1 x
dBx = d B(M)·→−
ux = 5
dB0 *8&+ η =
(η + 1) 2 Rc
−−→
"9 ):&/-%&..0"# 1& dB0 &.$ ; -%4+0.&% &# 6"#+$0"# 1& µ0 < µr < Rc &$ 1& dM = ||dM ||=
>&() +& +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& */0*) .&%* +"#.014%4 -"(% )* .(0$&< )& +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& %*10*)
4$*#$ #43)034 1&8*#$ )& +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& */0*)=
!"%$ !"#$%&% '(& )& +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& */0*) Bx (η) +%44 -*% )* +"(%"##& &# (# -"0#$ M .0$(4
.(% ):*/& 1& )* +"(%"##& ,*3#4$0'(& -&($ .:4+%0%& 7
−
→ 2η − 1 → −
B0 (η) = B0 5
ux
(1 + η) 2
"9 ):&/-%&..0"# 1& B0 &.$ ; -%4+0.&% &# 6"#+$0"# 1& µ0 < µr < M &$ 1& Rc =
?# &#.&,@)& 1& N s = 200 .-0%&. A"0#$08&. 1& %*B"# ,"B&# R s = 10, 0 mm< -*%+"(%(&. -*% (#
xb
+"(%*#$ i(t)< &.$ -)*+4 ; (#& *)$0$(1& *( 1&..(. 1( -"0#$ M= C:&#.&,@)& 1& +&. @"@0#&.
2
&.$ ."(,0. ; (# +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& 1"#$ ):&/-%&..0"# &.$ 01&#$0'(& ; +&))& 4$*@)0& .(% ):*/&
(Hx)= C:&#.&,@)& &.$ %&-%4.&#$4 '-9/)4 :;=
P x
•
•
H
Rs x
xb
i(t) 2 z
y M•
?# +2*#3&,&#$ 1& +""%1"##4&. -*% %*--"%$ ; )* .&+$0"# -%4+41&#$& &.$ %4*)0.4= C* +""%D
1"##4& x .&%* 14."%,*0. )* 10.$*#+& MH &# +2"0.0..*#$ M +",,& "%030#& 1( %&-E%&=
!">$ F%4+0.&% ):&/-%&..0"# 1( ,",&#$ ,*3#4$0'(& M s (t) +%44 -*% ):&#.&,@)& 1&. N s .-0%&.
1& %*B"# R s -*%+"(%(&. -*% (#& 0#$&#.0$4 4)&+$%0'(& i(t)=
→− →
F"(% %*--&)< )* 6"%+& ,*3#4$0'(& F .:&/&%G*#$ .(% (# ,",&#$ ,*3#4$0'(& M s -)"#34 1*#.
→
(# +2*,- ,*3#4$0'(& B * -"(% &/-%&..0"# 7
→
− −−−→ → →
F = −3%*1 −M s · B .
→ → →
E = −M s · B !"# $%&'!()*! +,#!'#*!$$! -%*'#!(./#*,' -0 1,1!'# 1.)'&#*20! M s .3!/ $! /4.1+
→
1.)'&#*20! !5#&(*!0( B6
%&&'() *+,-*./),'- /(00 12( 345 *4.6 4-5478345 *4 N s 51,(45 5.( 32 /'.('--4
<' -!05*=1! !'"!18$! -! N s "+*(!" >&,9.(4 :;? !"# -*"+,"& !' -!"",0" -! M; . 0'! .$#*#0-!
xb
− >#!$$! 20! xb = 10, 0 mm?6 @!" N s "+*(!" ",'# +.(/,0(0!" +.( 0' /,0(.'# -%*'#!'"*#& i(t)
2
*-!'#*20! .0 +(!1*!( !'"!18$! 1.*" -! "!'" /,'#(.*(!6
P x
•
•
H
A!((,1.)'&#*20!
xb
z
M • i(t)
2
xb
2
y i(t)
D.'" /!##! "!/#*,'; *$ !"# -!1.'-& -! #(.*#!( $! +(,8$=1! '01&(*20!1!'# +,0( -&#!(1*'!(
$%.$$0(! -! $. :,(/! 1.)'&#*20! /(&&! +.( $!" -!05 "+*(!" -! /,0(.'# "0( $. /,0(,''! 1.)'&9
#*20! !' :,'/#*,' -! ". +,"*#*,' x6 E,0( /!$.; $! +(,)(.11! !"#$%& /*9.+(=" !"# 0#*$*"&6
)*+, NO'3*C'++,./ P' -E Q./#G,./ Bx (η) E RGR RGE4-,' S -E )*-8 T.7*-RG'C -E -,L/' P' #.7U
7E/P' P' -E -,L/' %@ *.BC PRG'C7,/'C -E VE-'BC '/ G.BG *.,/G x P' -OR/'CL,' *.G'/G,'--'
PO,/G'CE#G,./ E(x) P' -O'/+'74-' P'+ P'B3 +*,C'+ EV'# -E #.BC.//' 7EL/RG,WB'8
)*., XC.*.+'C B/ E-L.C,GY7' P' #E-#B- P' F7EL (x) S *ECG,C P' E(x) BG,-,+E/G B/' 4.B#-' C%"8
NOEQQ,#YEL' P' -E Q./#G,./ F7EL '+G CRE-,+R S -OE,P' P' -E 4,4-,.GYZWB' ,#/4)%/)07@4$4)%/8 N'
CR+B-GEG #.CC'+*./PE/G S B/ #.BCE/G P' |i| = 3, 0 A #,C#B-E/G PE/+ -'+ P'B3 4.4,/'+ '+G P.//R
+BC -E #12&$" *38
)*6, NE Q.C#' 7EL/RG,WB' F7EL CR+B-GE/G P' -O,/G'CE#G,./ P'+ 4.4,/'+ EV'# -E #.BC.//' 7EU
L/RG,WB' '+GU'--' +BQQ,+E/G' *.BC C'+*'#G'C -E VE-'BC #E-#B-R' S -E )*3 \ J+GU,- E-.C+
*.++,4-' P' VE-,P'C -E VE-'BC 7E3,7E-' P' -O,/G'/+,GR PB #.BCE/G C'G'/B' <D80-(&*( EFF
#12&$" 6> \ ]B+G,Q,'C V.GC' CR*./+'8
)73, ]B+G,Q,'C WB' -O./ *B,++' R#C,C' F7EL (x, i) = K f ·i +BC -E *-EL' PO.+#,--EG,./+ P' -E 7'7U
4CE/'8 XCR#,+'C -E VE-'BC /B7RC,WB' 'G -OB/,GR PB #.'QQ,#,'/G K f 8
=9<&,$%70 1
9 H7$'*4*&) ," 2*$& &# (,"%& .-7# "$$&)5*$$&2&#' &# 5/)*4*"#' 67& ,& $G$'=2& &# :37%,&
375&)'& #& (&)2&' ("$ .& )&$(&%'&) %&)'"*#$ .&$ 67"')& %)*'=)&$ .-&8*?&#%& ./%)*'$
()/%/.&22&#'0 I37) %&,"+ *, &$' #/%&$$"*)& .-/'7.*&) ,&$ (J,&$ .& ," 43#%'*3# .& ')"#$9
4&)' &# :37%,& 375&)'& &' ," )/(3#$& .7 $G$'=2& $372*$ > 7#& &8%*'"'*3# (/)*3.*67&
,3)$67& ," 4)/67&#%& .7 (3*#' .& 43#%'*3##&2&#' %F"#?& E
9 5/)*4*&) 67& ," (32(& "$$&)5*& (&)2&' :*&# .& 437)#*) ," (7*$$"#%& FG.)"7,*67& #/%&$9
$"*)& (37) (",,*&) ,&$ *#$744*$"#%&$ %").*"67&$ .7 ("'*&#'0
!"#$% 1
R/2 L/2
i(t)
R
u(t) 2
!"#$% 2
L
e(t)
2
*+(, 4)03+#$ +5*,(0)#-. 1#66*$%.)#%++% +#0.) +%/ )%./#-./ u(t) %) e(t) 7 +5#.)%./#)* i(t) 1( '-($0.)
%. 6-.')#-. 1% R %) 1% L8
*+', B0./ +%/ '-.1#)#-./ 15C%0D#/#1%E *'$#$% +%/ 1%(2 *,(0)#-./ 1#66*$%.)#%++%/ "$*'*1%.)%/E
0#./# ,(% +0 +-# 1% !"#$%&'(')'*E 10./ +% 1-:0#.% 1% 90"+0'%8 B0./ '% 1-:0#.%E +0
'-.D%.)#-. /%$0 "$#/% ,(% 'F0,(% 6-.')#-. t 7→ f (t) /5*'$#) p 7→ F(p)8
B(p)
X(p)
!"#$ !"#$%&'" ()'*+"'&&%,- .' (/ 0,-$1%,- .' 1"/-&0'"1 .2 &3&145' F(p) = '- 0,-$1%,- .'
U(p)
A(p)6 H(p) '1 .' B(p)6 +2%& &,2& 0,"5' $/-,-%72' '- 0,-$1%,- .'& +/"/541"'& 21%(%&#&
./-& (/ 72'&1%,- +"#$#.'-1'8
!";$ A&1%5'" :"/+B%72'5'-1 ('& ;/('2"& -25#"%72'& .' L6 K f '1 Kc ./-& 2-' +(/:' .'
;/"%/1%,-& (%-#/%"'8
=/ 0,-$1%,- .' 1"/-&0'"1 .2 &3&145' >,2$(# +'21 C1"' #$"%1' &,2& (/ 0,"5' D
α
F(p) = EFG
1 + βp + γp2 + δp3
K0%- .' .#1'"5%-'" ('& +L('& .' (/ 0,-$1%,- .' 1"/-&0'"1 F(p)6 2-' 5#1B,.' .' "#&,(21%,-
-25#"%72' .'& "/$%-'& .2 +,(3-L5' P : p → 1 + βp + γp2 + δp3 '&1 21%(%&#'8
!"A$ =' 1"/$# -25#"%72' .2 +,(3-L5' P(p) '&1 "'+"#&'-1# &2" (/ 7480., 9#8 =%"' :"/+B%72'<
5'-1 ('& ;/('2"& .'& 1",%& +L('& p1 > p2 > p3 .2 &3&145'8 =' &3&145' '&1<%( &1/>(' M
N2&1%0%'" ;,1"' "#+,-&'8
1.0 60
40
0.5
20
0
0.0
P(p)
P(p)
20
0.5 40
60
1.0
80
1000 800 600 400 200 0 11000 10750 10500 10250 10000 9750 9500 9250 9000
p p
='& 1"/$#& +"#$#.'-1& 5'11/-1 '- #;%.'-$' ('& "/$%-'& .2 +,(3-L5' P6 ,- $B'"$B' ? %.'-1%0%'"
('& ;/('2"& .'& 1",%& 0"#72'-$'& .' $/&&2"' ? 2-' '""'2" "'(/1%;' +"4& .' er = 10−3 8
!,2" $'(/6 (/ 5#1B,.' .' P'Q1,- '&1 21%(%&#'8 A(('
$,-&%&1' ? $,-&1"2%"' 2-' &2%1' $,-;'":'-1' (un )n∈N P(p)
? +/"1%" .'& 1/-:'-1'& /2 +,(3-L5' P(p)8 !,2"
$'(/ D •
• (/ $,2">' P(p) '&1 1"/$#' '1 (/ +,&%1%,- .2
+,%-1 (u0 , P(u0 )) '&1 "'+,"1#' &2" (' :"/+B' R
• (/ 1/-:'-1' ? (/ $,2">' P(p) %&&2' .2 +,%-1
• •
(u0 , P(u0 )) 72% $,2+' ()/*' .'& />&$%&&'& '- u 1 u0 p
u1 '&1 1"/$#' R
• (),+#"/1%,- '&1 "'-,2;'(#' n 0,%& +,2" .#1'"<
5%-'" (/ ;/('2" .' un R
un − un−1
• (,"&72' ≤ er 6 (/ >,2$(' .)%1#"/1%,- '&1 :480., 9; & S#1B,.' .' P'Q1,-
un−1
&1,++#'8
P(un )
!"E$ S,-1"'" +/" 2- "/%&,--'5'-1 :"/+B%72' 72' un+1 = un − 6 ,T P′ '&1 (/ .#"%;#' .'
P′ (un )
P +/" "/++,"1 ? p8
!"C$ U,5+(#1'" &2" ;,1"' $,+%' ('& (%:-'& V6 WV6 XY '1 XZ .' ()/(:,"%1B5' &2%;/-1 72% '00'$12'
(/ "'$B'"$B' .'& 0"#72'-$'& .' $/&&2"' .' (/ 0,-$1%,- .' 1"/-&0'"18
1234 SRRB<I<3 8' @F"B4IF" 73 4<'"(@3<4 F(p) 3" @'B4F<I('"4 83 7R"F$I"'43#< 3" 4<FI( %F8&"T$3(
7# %<3$I3< F<7<3J RB<I4( (F#( @F<$3 B'"F"IA#3J 34 3" @'I('"4 '%%'<'U4<3 83( @<RA#3"B3(
73 B'((#<3 f1 J f2 34 f3 >
V" 7F""3 83 7I'6<'$$3 73 WF73 3" 6'I" 73 8' @F"B4IF" 73 4<'"(@3<4 F(p) 3" @F"B4IF" 73 8'
@<RA#3"B3 7X#4I8I('4IF" (#< 8' )!.*%( 59J 83 7I'6<'$$3 '(&$%4F4IA#3 3(4 7F""R 3" %FI"4I88R(>
Fréquence (Hz)
100 101 f1 102 f2 103 f3 104
Amplitude (dB)
-100
-200
-300
16<4 ,<RBI(3< 8X3@@34 7# 2F#B8'63 R83B4<F$RB'"IA#3 (#< 8' 2'"73 %'(('"43 Z [* 7W 7# (&([
4\$3 F(BI88'"4 3" BF$%'<'"4 8' %<3$I\<3 @<RA#3"B3 73 B'((#<3 f1 ']3B B3883 7# (&([
4\$3 $RB'"IA#3 ('"( 2F#B8'63 f' = 70 Hz> ^#(4I@I3< A#3883 %3<@F<$'"B3 7# (&(4\$3
-)!.*%( 3. <I(A#3 7X_4<3 I$%'B4R3 "R6'4I]3$3"4 %'< B3 2F#B8'63 8F<( 73 8' ]'<I'4IF" 73
@<RA#3"B3 7X#4I8I('4IF" 73 8' %F$%3 (#< (' %8'63 73 @F"B4IF""3$3"4>
X0
16=4 K( f ) = 3(4 7R@I"I BF$$3 83 6'I" 73 8' @F"B4IF" 73 4<'"(@3<4 F(p)> ` %'<4I< 7# 7I'[
U0
6<'$$3 73 WF73 3" 6'I" -)!.*%( 59. 34 3" 4<']'I88'"4 7'"( 8' %8'63 73 @F"B4IF""3$3"4
α f1
7# (&(4\$3J $F"4<3< A#3 K( f ) %3#4 (XRB<I<3 (F#( 8' @F<$3 K( f ) = > Q3 7I'6<'$$3
f
73 WF73 '(&$%4F4IA#3 3(4 (#%%F(R BF"@F"7# ']3B 83 7I'6<'$$3 73 WF73 <R38 (#< 8'
%8'63 73 @<RA#3"B3( R4#7IR3>
1654 a" 7R7#I<3 A#3 %F#< F243"I< #"3 '$%8I4#73 X0 = 1, 0 mm I"7R%3"7'"43 73 8' @<RA#3"B3
f 7XF(BI88'4IF" 73 8' $3$2<'"3J 8X'$%8I4#73 U0 73 8' 43"(IF" R83B4<IA#3 7FI4 _4<3 '7'%4R3
73 8' @'bF" (#I]'"43 /
U0 = Ku · f. -;.
Q' 43"(IF" 7X'8I$3"4'4IF" 7# QcdY 7R%3"7'"4 73 (F" %FI"4 73 @F"B4IF""3$3"4J I8 3(4 "R[
B3(('I<3 73 ]R<I@I3< A#3 8' 2'443<I3 3H43<"3 #4I8I(R3 %3<$34 2I3" 7X'7'%43< 8' 43"(IF" %F#<
$'I"43"I< 8X'$%8I4#73 X0 7# $F#]3$3"4 Z ! $$> ,F#< B38'J I8 @'#4 B'8B#83< Ku 34 7F"B 3(4I$3<
α Z %'<4I< 7X#" 4<'BR 73 BF#<23>
1624 ` 8X'I73 7# 4eRF<\$3 73 8' ]'83#< @I"'83 34 3" (#%%F('"4 #"3 43"(IF" 7X3"4<R3 (F#(
U0 1
@F<$3 7XRBe38F" U(p) = J $F"4<3< A#3 lim x(t) = α>
p t→+∞ U 0
!".# >"$&($%# $%2 9"$%(#2 3"?,3"$%2 U13"? %' U23"? -(% .0,' *#%1.#% $" '%12,01 .5"$,3%1'"',01
#%2*%&',9%3%1' *0(# $%2 @#/-(%1&%2 .%2 .%(? *0,1'2 .% @01&',011%3%1' 4 fp1 = 70 Hz %'
fp2 = 40 Hz: A2'B,$ "$0#2 *022,C$% .% 9"$,.%# $" 9"$%(# 3"?,3"$% .% $" '%12,01 /$%&'#,-(%
#%'%1(% 6!"#$%&'% ()8 $%&'() /7 D E(2',@,%# 90'#% #/*012%:
F" &0(#C% .% #/*012% .( 2<2'=3% 4 $5%?&,'"',01 +"#301,-(% %2' .011/% $%&'() *0 G $" @#/B
-(%1&% .5%?&,'"',01 *"22% .% fp2 = 40 Hz 4 fp1 = 70 Hz 4 t = 50, 0 ms:
!"1# F% &#,'=#% .( &"+,%# .%2 &+"#)%2 *0#'"1' 2(# $5"3*$,'(.% 3,1,3"$% %2'B,$ #%2*%&'/ D E(2B
',@,%# 90'#% #/*012%:
!"0# F% &#,'=#% .% #/"&',9,'/ .( &"+,%# .%2 &+"#)%2 %2'B,$ #%2*%&'/ D E(2',@,%# 90'#% #/*012%:
!"/# A1 /'(.,"1' )#"*+,-(%3%1' $" #/*012% '%3*0#%$$% .( 2<2'=3% 6$%&'() *078 *#/&,2%# 2,
$% &#,'=#% .( &"+,%# .%2 &+"#)%2 *0#'"1' 2(# $5"3*$,'(.% 3"?,3"$% %2' #%2*%&'/: E(2',@,%#
90'#% #/*012%:
CCC#1 - D%:) )B ?@56) 9E'B) FG'6@) 9E5::)(8%::)=)B7 ?G'( 5=4@%G()( @): ?)($G(=5B6):
F5%12%3C$% .%2 &#,'=#%2 .% *%#@0#3"1&% .( &"+,%# .% &+"#)%2 15/'"1' *"2 #%3*$,8 $50CL%&',@
.%2 '#"9"(? .% #%&+%#&+% "&'(%$28 .%9%$0**/2 *"# $5%1'#%*#,2% *+,-./%8 9,2% 4 &012'#(,#% (1
30.=$% .% &011",22"1&% .( &03*0#'%3%1' .( FMNO 4 *"#',# .% 2,3($"',012 1(3/#,-(%2 *0(#
#/"$,2%# (1 "22%#9,22%3%1' 4 *"#',# .% $" 2%($% 3%2(#% .%2 9"#,"C$%2 /$%&'#,-(%2 u(t) %' i(t):
>%''% 3%2(#% *%#3%' .% #%301'%# 4 $" *02,',01 x(t) .% $" &0(#011% 3/'"$$,-(%8 4 &01.,',01
.5"90,# (1% 30./$,2"',01 2"',2@",2"1'% .% $5%12%3C$% .%2 *+/103=1%2 ,1.(&',@2:
F%2 #/2($'"'2 %?*/#,3%1'"(? .%2 %22",2 #/"$,2/2 2(# C"1& .5%22", *%#3%''%1' .50C'%1,# $%2
&0(#C%2 .( #%$%9/ %?*/#,3%1'"$ 6$%&'() */7 .( 2<2'=3% "22%#9, 6&+"1)%3%1' .% @#/-(%1&%
.% PQ 4 RQ ST 4 t = 50 ms7:
F% '%3*2 .% #/*012% 4 J K .% $" #/*012% 4 (1 /&+%$01 .5"3*$,'(.% Ua = 5 V .( 2<2'=3%
"22%#9, %2' /9"$(/ %?*/#,3%1'"$%3%1' 4 T 5% = 12 ms:
!.H# U $5",.% .%2 &0(#C%2 .% $" $%&'() */8 9/#,@,%# $%2 -("'#% &#,'=#%2 .% *%#@0#3"1&% *#/&/B
.%33%1' &,'/2 6"3*$,'(.%2 3,1,3"$% %' 3"?,3"$%8 #/"&',9,'/ %' 2'"C,$,'/7 %' %?*$,-(%#
$5,1'/#V' .% 3%''#% %1 *$"&% &%' "22%#9,22%3%1':
1
0,5
x(mm)
0
-0,5
-1
4
2
I(A)
0
-2
-4
20
10
U(V)
0
-10
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100
t(ms)
!"#$%& '( ) !"#$%&' (')#$*'++' ',#"*-)'%(.+' /0 &1&(2)' .&&'*3-
*+,- 4% *'+'3.%( U)., '( I)., #$0* 56.70' 8*"70'%5' /90(-+-&.(-$% :."#$%& '(; '( '% 0(-+-&.%(
+. ."#$%& ,,< 5.+50+'* +. #0-&&.%5' )$1'%%' "+'5(*-70' '% '%(*"' /' #$)#' #$0* 0%
-%/-3-/0 .0 *'#$&= >% *.##'++' 709$% #'0( "5*-*' ?
t1 ·P1'+'5 + t2 ·P2'+'5
P'+'5 = :@;
T
.3'5 P1'+'5 +. #0-&&.%5' "+'5(*-70' +$*& /' +. #6.&' A :&1&($+'; /0 5B0* '( P2'+'5 +.
#0-&&.%5' "+'5(*-70' +$*& /' +. #6.&' C :/-.&($+'; /0 5B0*=
*+'- 4% /"/0-*' +. #0-&&.%5' 61/*.0+-70' /9.##$-%( 8$0*%-' #.* +. #$)#' .0 5B0*< '%
5$%&-/"*.%( 0% *'%/')'%( 61/*.0+-70' /' +. #$)#' /' 0, 05 :+'& #'*('& "+'5(*$).D
E%"(-70'& '( )"5.%-70'& &$%( %"E+-E"'& #.* *.##$*( .0, #'*('& 61/*.0+-70'&;= 4&(D5'
70' +. #$)#' F )')G*.%' .3'5 .&&'*3-&&')'%( #'*)'( /' #.++-'* +'& -%&088-&.%5'&
5.*/-.70'& /0 #.(-'%( H
!/0