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https://books.google.com
 Princeton University Library

32101 060186325
1813
619

fibrary of

Dei Vigel
Sub Numine

Princeton University ,
Elizabeth Joundation .
-
.
 and lumat Dange

SWARIA MARTIN

TW
,apain

AN
F
bevera
trend
dhe
eke

ye ar w i l t h e r hat
s
c
Hortive s
 HISTORY
OF THE

Captivity and Sufferings

OF MRS.

MARIA MARTIN ,
WHO WAS SIX YEARS A SLAVE IN

ALGIERS :
TWO OF WHICH SHE WAS CONFINED IN A DARK
AND DISMAL DUNGEON , LOADED WITH IRONS,
FOR REFUSING TO COMPLY WITH THE BRU.
TAL REQUEST OF A TURKISH OFFICER.

WRITTEN BY HERSELF.

TO WHICH IS ANNEXED , A

HISTORY
OF

ALGIERS,
A Description of the COUNTRY, the Manners and Customs
of the NATIVES_heir treatment to their SLATES
their LAWS and RELIGION- & C. & G.

BOSTON-Printed for W.CRARY,

1807,
IN
 ‫‪s09‬‬

‫ہی ہے۔ کے ‪- 4‬‬

‫مر‬
 H I S T O R X

AL GIER S :

General deſcription of the country of Algiers. Cli.

mate. Seacoaft. Principal cities.
LGIERS is a country which derives ics
A name from its metropolis ; and extends four
hundred and eighty miles in length from caſt co
weft along the northern coaſt of Africa. Its ut .
moſt breadth is three hundred and ewency miles,
but ar che diftance of an hundred miles from the
Jea - coaſt, that part of Africa becomes a barran de.
kert, almoſt utterly uninhabitable either by man or
beaft. Algiers is facuated between thirty -two and
thirty ſeven degrees of north latitude, which cor
refponds to that of the United States, from Vire
ginia to Carolina, incluſive. It is bounded on the
Borsh , by the Mediterranean fea ; on the ſouth, by
mount. Atlas ; on the eaſt, by the cocarry of Tu
Dis ; and on the weſt, by the riverMulvia, which
ſeperates it from the empire of Morrocco .
The principal rivers, which water the territory
of Algiers, rife in Mouat Allas, and run by a
notherly direction into the Mediterranean fea.
) P

They are ſeven in number. None of them has a

CA
(RE

12143
long courſe, or even is navigable ; at leaſt none of
them is made uſe of in navigation. It is likely 20

however that they might be uſed for this pur W

poſe, were the inhabitants of a more incelligent

and induſtrious character for ſome of them are ro

of a tolerable depth. Such is the groſs ignorance

of che natives in whatever concerns domeſtic im. 1

provement, that there is not a ſingle bridge over

any of theſe rivers. When they are to be croſ
ſed, the traveller hath ſometimes to wander for P
ſeveral miles in fearch of a ford, as ferry boats
Ő
are unknown. If a heavy rain happens to fall,
1
he is forced to wait, till the river returns to its
uſual Gize .
0
This country conliſts of eighteen provinces.
a
The climate is remarkably delightful. The air is fc
Pure and lerene. The foil is covered with al
al
moſt a perpetual verdure. Extreme heat is not fr
common . This deſcription applies to the lands
tH
on the ſea.coaft ; for as we advance into the coun
try, the ſoil becomes more parched and barren. ch
Indeed a conſiderable part of the back country is 8
IS
a lavage defert, abounding with lions, tigers, leop ba
ards, buffaloes, wild boars, and porcupines, And ftri
it muſt be acknowledged , that there animals are in
not the leaſt amiable inhabitants of this country . tac
There are few towns of any conſequence, che
to
when ſucceſſively under the dominion of Carthage
wa
and Rome, it bouoded with populous cities. In
this part of the world, elegant architecture has for be
many centuries, been utterly forgotton or deſpiſ.
ed. Algiers is at the diſtance of ſome hundreds fr
the
of leagues from Arabia : but as this part of Afri.
ftir
ca was formerly conquered by chat nation , under
TH
the banners of Mahomet, the name is ſtill appli
 ( 7 )
ed to a race of cawny and independent barbarians,
who wander in gangs about the country , and we
nite the double profeſſions of a ſhepherd and a
robber. Algiers ftands on a bay of the Mediter
ranean lea. Ic is built on the ſide of a mountain .
The houſes riſe gradually from the fea- ſhore up
the aſcent, in the form of an amphitheatre. The
towa appears beautiful as a diſtance, when ap
proaching from the water, The moſques, caſtles,
and other public buildings have a triking effect .;
but the ſtreets are narrow, and the houſes mean.
The roofs are flat, lo that the people can viſit each
other, at a conliderable diſtance in the town with
out going into the ſtreets. The walls are about
a league in circumference, and defended by ſome
fquare cowers and baſtions. The port has a pier
about five hundred paces in length, which exiends
from the continent to a ſmall rocky iſland called
che Lancern. On this iſland, there is a caftle with
three lines of braſs cannon . The town has five
gares, ten great moſques, and fifty leffer ones, and
is computed to contain an hundred chouland in
habitants . The fortificacions are extenſive and
ſtrong. The Chriſtian flaves are often employed
in removing ſtones from a quarry, at ſome diſ
tance in the country , which they lay on the fand ,
: to defend the mole from the impecuoficy of the
waves, This laborious work is aever at an end ,
becauſe the ſea conſtantly waſhes away the ſtones,
and makes a perpetual ſupply neceflary. One
ftrees, which is broad and handſome, paſſes through
the town from eaſt to weft ; but all the other
ſtreets are narrow , incommodious, and dirty,
There are ſaid to be fifteen chouland houfes, which
áre commonly built round a ſmall ſquare wish a
 ( * )
paved court in the ceatre. Around this court is
à double range of gallaries, one above the other ,
and both fupporred by columns. The palace of
che Dey ftands in the centre of the city. This
building is very extenſive, and ſurrounded by two
fuperb galleries, lupported by marble pillars.
There is a law here, by which any woman convic
ted of amoroas correſpondence with a chriſtian,
is thrown into the fea, with her head tied up ia a
fack , unleſs her lover chuſes to turn Mahometan .
Examples of this kind are not unfrequent, as che
fair ſex, in that part of the world, are Taid to be
*F *sto

Temarkably frail. Six of the baths have been

converted into priſons for the Chriſtian ſtaves .
a

In each of theſe, there is a chapel for the free ex

ercife of their religion. Every nave is let out ac
a certain hour in the morning, and muſt return
at a ftared hour at night, in order to be locked
up. Each of them is allowed a matrals and a rug
for a bed . There are feveral tolerable edifices
without the walls of the town, which add to the
beauty of the environs. Among iheſe are a varis
ery of Turkiſh fepulchres and monuments. One
of thele monuments contains ſix maagnificent tombs
of a circular figure. They were erected to che
memory of fix deys, who were, in courſe of a
few days, fuccellively elected and murdered.
There is perhaps 'no nation in the world from
which wemay not learn ſome uſeful lefron . With
reſpect to the burialof their dead, travellers in
form us, that the Mahometans diſcover a degree
of delicacy, of which chriſtians have no concep
tion. In our church yards, nothing is more com
mon , and ſurely nothing can be more completely
Shocking, than to ſee graves broke up , a ſecond
embeth81904 yucebgece
PM

( )
time, before the perſon has returned to his origi
ñal duſt. The Algerines , and the other profel
fors of the Mahomeran religion, would regard.it
as an act of the moſt barbarous ſacrilege to diſ
turb che remains of the dead, by opening their
graves, at any diſtance of time, or upon any pre
tence whatever. Hence their burial grounds in
the neighbɔurhood of a large city are foxnecimes
ten miles in exteni.
Algiers had formerly nothing but taid water.
A Moor who had been driven from Spain, con
structed two aqueducts, by which is is now ſup .
plied with abundance of excellent water from the
adjacent mountains. The country around this
city is very fertile.

Cuftoms. Religion. Government. Land Force.

Corfairs.
THE preſent inhabitants of the territory of Al
giers are compoſed of a multitude of different na :
V100S . Among theſe are the Moors or Moreſcos,
who were driven out of Spain about the end of
the fixteenth century, and the Arabians who trace
Cheir deſcent from thoſe diſciples of Mahomet who
formerly [obdued this country . Levantines,
Turks , Jews, and Chriſtian llayes, with a croud
formed of the poſterity of all cheſe differe &c peo
ple, make up the reſt of the population. The
Moors and Arabs are che moſt numerous . The
former compoſe the great body of the inhabi .
tants of the towns. But it may be readily ſup .
poſed , that amidſt ſuch a vrriety of d fferent rao
ces, immenſe numbers cannot be ſaid to belong to
any particular cribe or nation whatever. In thia
B

A
 ( 10 )
country there are many wandering bands of ſhep
herds who live together in camps, and remove
from one place to another as they want paſture for
cheit herds and Aocks, or as, any other accidental
circumſtance happens to make it neceſſary. They
ſometime pay rens to landlords, in corn , fruir ,
honey, wax , and other productions of the ſame
kind. The dey likewiſe demands a tribute. The
excellence of the climate renders this ſimple way
of living colerable, though the tents of theſe peo.
ple are mean, their utenſils of licsle value, and
their lodgings filthy. The family and their do
meftic ,animals lie promiſcuoufly in the cents (0
gether, excepe che dogs, which are left on the
outſide as guards. They raiſe a conſiderable
number of bees and of filk.worms. They ſubfift
chiefly on bread, rice and fruit. Wine and fpiri
tuous liquors are almoft entirely unknown.
The dreſs of the men is only a long piece of
coarſe cloth wrapped round the ſhoulders, and
falling down to their ankles, with a cap of the
fame ſtoff. The women pay ſome more accentior
to che ornamental part of dreſs. The children
are ſuffered co go ſtark naked cill ſeven or eight
years ofage. The Sheik or chief of a tribe wears
a cap of fine cloth. Theſe people are uſually cal .
led Arabs; their cuſtoms, language and religion
bear a {trict affinity with thoſe of Arabia . They
are robuſt and of a {warthy complexion. The
men are active, the women prolific, and the chil.
dren healihy. They have neicher to encounter
the hardſhips incident to the life of a North -A
merican ſavage, nor are their confticucions enfeeb
led, as is ſometimes the cale in manufacturing
towns, by fedentary and unhealthy employments.
 ( 11 )
When a young man would marry, he drives a
number of cattle to the hut where the parents of
his miſtreſs refide. The bride is ſet on horfeback
and led home, amidſt the fhours of a croud of
young people, who have been invited to che nup
tial feaſt. When ſhe arrives at the hut of her lov .
er, a mixture of milk and honey is given he: 10
drink, and a fong ſuitable to the occaſion is ſung.
She then alighis, and is preſented with a ſtick ,
which ſhe thirſts into the ground, and repeats
1ome lines to the following effect : " As this ſtick
is faftened in the earth, ſo I am in duty bound to
my huſband ; as noching but violence can remove
it, ſo death alone ſhall force me from his love."
She then drives his flock to water and back again
to ſhow her willingneſs to perform any duty that
he may aſign her. Theſe previous ceremonies
being ſettled, all che company enter the hur , and
the evening concludes with the greateſt feftivity
that theſe people are capable of enjoying. Sub
fequent to the marriage, the wife is obliged to
wear a vail . She never ſtirs from the hut for the
ſpace of a month, after that cime. Theſe are
the cuſtomary ceremonies in celebrating the nup
cial day or marriage among the paſtoral cribes of
Barbary .
The Moors or Arabs, for the two Damnes ap
pear to be ſynonimous, are good horſemen, buc
great thieves. Their principal arms are a loro
lance and a ſcy mirar, though they are likewiſe ac
gerous to travel in thecountries
quanted with a bow and the muſket. It is dan.
robbed ; but perſons are ſaid to be in ſafety if ac
tended by one of the Mahometan Marabouts or
hermits. The inhabitants of the lea.coaft are per
 ( 19 )
fectly verſant in the uſe of all kind of fire arnaq.
Algiers recains the title of a kingdom ; an ep
ithet which might, without regret, be expunged
from every human vocabulary. It is however a
Jgactoeb

military republic, though it can certainly reflect

no luſtre on that ſpecies of government. The
dey is elected by a divan compoſed from the army.
He ſeldom fecures his office without tumult and
bloodſhed ; and he often falls by the dagger of an
affaffio . The way in which his authority is ex
ercited, correſponds with that by which it was
obtained . When Mr. Bruce, as Britiſh reſident
at Algiers, had occaſion to viſit the dey , he fome.
times found him in his hall of audience wiih his
clothes all belpacrered with plood, like thoſe of a
carcaſe butcher. It is a very frequent amuſe
ment with him, to caule the heads of his ſubjects
to be ftruck off in his preſence. Mr. Bruce ſaid ,
that he knew of one man, who was executed, for
no greater offence than becauſe a gun - filine was
found upon him . His indictment and cria! were
very coacle, « You raſcal, what buſinels have
you with a fint, unleſs you were going to conſpire
againſt the ſtate ?”
The aga of the Sanifaries is the officer next to
the dey in dignity and power. The dey has
corps of guards; a very neceſſary , though ſome .
times a fruitleſs precaucion ; as any private fol,
dier who has the courage co murder him, ſtands
an equal chance of becoming his fuccefior. Ex .
periments of this deſcription are fometimes made,
Since the beginning of the prefent century , ſix
private ſoldiers entered into a conſpiracy to kill a
dey of one of the states of Barbary. They gave
him a morral wound in his palace, and in , the
 ( 13 )
midst of a croud of people. Heexpired , exclaim
ing, “ Has nobody the courage to kill a villian ?"
One of the confpirators, the intended ſucceflur,
inſtantly aſcended the vacant throne, and brand
iſhing his naked ſcymicar, declared that he would
do juſtice to all ! His five affuciates went abou
che hall to intorce che cicle of their new maſter i
and none preſent ſeemed to give themſelves any
diſturbance about what had happened . He kepe
his ſituation unmoleſted, for about ten minutes,
till an old veteran unobſerved cook aim with a
muſket or blunderbuſs, and ſhot him dead. Up
on this the five others were immediately diſpatch
ed by perfons preſent.
The peopleof Algiers in general (peak a com
pound of Arabic, Mureſco, and the remains of
the ancient Phoenician languages. The public
buſinels of the nation is tranfacted in the Turk.
iſh congue, in which alſo the records are kepe .
In Agiers, both men and women ipeod a great
part of their time in indolence ; the men, in drink
ing coffee and ſmoaking ; and the women in dreſ.
fing, bathing, vificing the tombs of their relations,
and launtering in their gardens. The Algerines
by their law may have four wives, but they uſu .
ally content themſelves with two or three at the
moit . The huſband ſeldom lees his wife be.
fore marriage, but accepts.her upon the deſcrip
tion of a female confidenr. When the match is
agreed upon, the bridegroom ſends a preſent of
fruits and ſweetmeais to the bride, and entertains
her relations with a feaſt and a muſical eoterrain .
ment,
The milicia who elect the dey are either Turks
or renegado Chriftians. Their number has been
1
 ( 14 )
varioudy kated by different authors from fix thone
fand five hundred to twelve thouſand .
The Mufci, che Cadi, and the grand Marabout,
are the principal eccleſiaſtics. The firſt is the
high prieſt of their religion ; the ſecond, the fu
preme judge in ecclefiaftical cauſes, and in ſuch
20
civil matters as the civil power does not interpoſe
in. The third is the chief of an order of ſaints P
or hermits. Theſe three perſons are diſtinguiſh 8

ed by the largeneſs of their curbans. They fic in

the divan a little below the dey, on his right hand.
The divan itself conſiſts of about wo thouſand
Turkish officers and ſoldiers,
The common punishment at Algiers, for of. fe
fences not capital, is the baftinado ; for thoſe, li
which are ſo, the bow -ftring, which ewo people th
pull different ways with all their ſtrength , ſo that
the criminal is inſtantly diſpatched. The chriſa bi
cian Naves are liable to a variety of puniſhments.
li
They are fometimes burned, or rather roaſted a fl
live . At other times, they are impaled . This
is done, by placing the offender on the end of a to
Sharp ſtake, which is thruſt up through his body le
will it appears above his ſhoulders. Slaves are
fometimes caſt over the walls of a town upon i. ag
er
ron hooks . Thele catch by the jaws , by the ribs. lo
or ſome other part of the body ; and the fufferers
IC
have been known to hang thus for ſeveral days,
alive, and in the moſt exquiſite corture . Cruci. C

fixion by Dailing the hands and feet to walls , is

likewiſe practiced.
A Moor convicted of houſe-breaking, hath his re
right hand cut off and faſtened about his neck.
le
He is then led through the city oa an aſs, with
his face towards its cail . Perſons of diftinction,

:)
 ( 15 )
for crimes againſt the ſtate, are placed between
two boards, and lawed aſunder. Women , detec
ced in adultery, are fixed by their necks to a poleg
and held under water cill they are ſoffocated .
When an Algerine pirate takes a prize, he ex
amines into che quality and circumſtances of the
priloners. If he disbelievesthe account that they
give of themselves, they are baſtinadocd , cill he
has met with an agreeable anſwer. Having ob
cained whac information he is able, he brings
them on ſhore, after having ſtripped them almoſt
naked. He carries them directly to the palace of
the dey, where the European confuls affernble, to
fee it any of the priſoners belong to their reſpec
sive nations, who are at peace with Algiers. In
that cafe chey reclaim them, provided that they
were only paſſengers ; but if they have ſerved on
board of the ſhips of any people at war with them ,
they cannot be diſcharged without paymentof the
full ranſom .
Matters are thus ſetiled between the dey and
the contuls, what part of the priſoners are co be
ſet at liberry, and what part are to be conſidered
as Naves. The dey has next his choice of every
eighth flave. He generally chutes the maſters,
furgeons, carpenters, and uſeful hands belonging
to the ſeveral prizes. Beſides his eighth, he lays
claim to all priſoners of quality , for whom a tu .
perior ranſom is to be expected. The reſt are
left to the corſair and his owners. They are car
ried co the flave market ; the crier proclaims their
rank, profeffion, and circumſtances, and the price
ſet upon each of them. They are then led to the
court before the palace of the dey, and there fold
to the beſt bidder. If any ſum is offered beyond
 ( 16 )
the price firſt ſet upon them, it belongs to the
government. The captors and owners have only
that which was originally ſet upon the flaves. For
this practice of buying and telling Naves, we are
not encicled to charge the Algerines with any ex
cluſive degree of barbarity.

Origin of the preſent government of Algiers. Exc .

pedition of Charles V.
ALGIERS had undergone a variety of revo
lutions in its form of government, previous te
the begioning of the fixteenth century , which is
is not within the plan of this ſketch to deſcribe,
but about that time a ſudden revolution happen.
ed, which by rendering the ſtates of Barbary
formidable to the Europeans, hath made their
hiſtory worthy of more attencion . Horuc and
Hayradin, the fons of a potter in the iſle of Lel.
bos, prompted by a reſtleſs and enterpriſing pir
ir, forfook theirfather's profeffion, ran co ſea, and
joined a crew of pirates. They foon diſtinguiſh .
ed chemtelves by their valour and activity, and
became maſters of a ſmall brigantine, ſupported
iheir iofamous trade with ſuch conduct and fuc
ceſs, that they aſſembled a feet of twelve galleys,
beſides many veffels of fmaller force. of this
Acer, Huroc, the elder brother, called Barbaroffa
from the red colour of his beard, was admiral,
and Hayradin ſecond in command. Their names
foon became terrible from the Straits of the Dar
danelles to thoſe of Gibraltar. Together with
cheir power their ambicious views extended , and
 while aâing as corſairs chey affumed the ideas,
and acquired the caleniis of corquerors. They
often carried the prizer, which they took on the
coaſt of Spain and Italv, into the ports of Barba.
ry . The convenient Gluation of thele harbours,
lying lo near the greateſt commercial ftares at that
time in Chriſtendom , made the brothers with for
an eftabi ihmeat in that country. An opportun.
ity of accompliſhing this projet, preſented itſelf,
and they did not fufer ic to pais unimproved.
Eutemi, king of Algiers, having aliempied fev.
eral times, without ſucceſs, to take a fore which
the Spaniſh governors of Orao had built not far
from his capical, applied to Barbare fri. The core
fair, leaving his brocher Hayradin with the Ô els
marched at the head of five thouſand men o Al
giers. Such a force gave him the command of
the cowa. He fecretly murdered the monarch
whom he had come to affit, and proclaimed him .
felt kiag in his ftead. The authority which he
had uſurped, he eftabliſhed by aris iuired to the
genius of che pecple whom he had so govern ; ty
liberality without bounds to thoſe who had tas
1
voured his promocion, and by cruelty no leſs un
bounded to all whom he had reaſon to mitruft .
He continued to infeft the coaſt of Spain and lia.
ly wich fleets which reſembled the armament of a
great močarch , rather than the ſquadrons of a pin
rate. Their cruel devaſtations obliged Charles
V. about the beginning of his reign, 10 furn la
The Marquis de Comares, governor of Oran; withi
troops ſufficient to attack him . Thar etficer ***
ecured the commiſſion with ſuch ſpirit, that Bar
baror.'s forces being vanquiſhed in leveral en
Souncers , he himlelf was thut up in Treanciens
 ' ( 18 )
and in attempting to make his eſcape was fortun
ately lain .
His brother Hayradin, known likewiſe by the
name of Barbaroffs, affumed the ſceptreof Algiers.
He carried on his naval robberies with great vig.
Our, and extended his conquefts on the consident
of Africa , But perceiving that the Moors and
Arabs ſubmitted to his government with the ut
moſt reluctance , and being afraid that his contin
val depredacions would, one day, draw upon him
the arms of the Chriftians, he put his dominions
under the protection of the grand feignor, and
received from him a body of Turk ſh ſoldiers ſuf
ficicot for his ſecurity agaioft his domeftic as well
as foreigo enemies. Ar laft, the infamy of his
exploirs daily increaſing, Solyman iff red him
the command of the Turk lh feel ; and Hayra.
din on the other hand, juftly dreading the confe
quences of the tyranny of his officers over the
Algerines, lought the prorection of the grand
feigoor. This was readily granted, and himself
appointed baſhaw or viceroy of Algiers ; by which
means he received ſuch confiderable reinforce
menis , that the urhappy Algerines duift not
make the leaſt complaint ; and fuch numbers of
Turks retorted to him, that he was not only cap
able of keeping the Moors and Arabs in fubjec.
tion at home, but of annoying the Chriſtians at
lea.
Hayradio ( et about building a ſtrong mole for
the ſafety of his ſhips. In this he employed thir
ty thouſand Chriſtian Naves, whom he obliged to
work without intermiffion , for three years, in
which cime the work was completed. Hayradin
foon became dreaded not only by the Arabs and
 ( 19 )
Moors, but alſo by the maritime chriftian pow.
ers, eſpecially the Spaniards. The vieeroy' fail.
ed not to . ' acquaint the grand feignior with his
fucceſs, and oblained from him a- freſh ſupply of
$
money, by which he was enabled to build ſtrong
foris, and to erect batteries on all places that
Inight favour the landing of an enemy . All theſe
bave fince received greater improvemen's from
d time to time, as often as there was occafion for
then .
In the mean time the tulcan, either out of a
Senſe of the great ſervices of Hayradin, of per
19 haps out of jealouſy left he ſhould make himſelf
iadependent, raiſed him to the dignity of bahaw
of the empire, and appointee Haſſan Aga, a Sara
dinian renegado to fucceed him as bachaw of Al
giers . Haflan had no foonertaken poffeffion of
his new government, than he began to purſue dis
ravages on the Spaniſh coaſt with greater fury
than ever ; extending them to the ecclefiaftical
ftare, and other parts of Italy. Pope Paul III.
J alarmed at this proceeding, exhorted the emper
er Charles V. to lend a powerful fleet to ſuppreſs
thole frequenc piracies, and that nothing might
be wanciog to render che enterprize ſuccesful, a
bull was publiſhed by his holinets, wherein a plen
ary abſolution of fins, and the crown of martyr.
dom, was promiſed to all thoſe who eicher fell in
battle or were made flaves. The emperor, on
his partneeded oo encitement, and therefore lec
fail at the head of a powerful Aeer, conGifting
1 of an hundred and wenty ſhips and cweaty gal.
lies, having on board thirty thouſand troops,
with an immenfe quantity of arms and ammugi
rion. In this expedition, many young nobility
 © 202
and gentlemen attended as volunteers, and among
theſe many knighes of Malia, fo remarkable for
their valour againſt she enemes of Chriftianicy .
E co che ladies of bired and character attended
Charles, and the wives and daughters of the of..
cers and foldiers followed him with a deſign co
{title
ed .
in Barbary, after the conqueſt was fa... sk .
By this prodigious armament, the Agerines
were thrown into the utmoſt coaſternation. The
city was furrounded only by a wall with ſcarcely
any our work . The garriſoikeaoliſted of eigh :
hundred Turks and Ax chouſand Moors, without
fire-arms, and poorly difciplined and accouired ;
the reſt of their forces being diſperſed in che other
provinces of the kingdom to levy the uſual tri
bure on the Arabs and Mjors.' Tre Spaniards
Janded without oppofi!ion , and im nediately built
a fort, under the cannoa of which they encaped ,
and diverted the courſe of a ſpring which ſuppli.
ed the city with water. Being now reduced to
the urmoſt diftreſi, Hufaa received a funnon's
to furrender ai diſcretion, on pain of being parts
the 'word with all his garriſon. The herald was
ordered to excel the vaſt power of the emperor
both by ſea ant land, and to exhort him co te. la
turn to the Chri& an religion. But to this Hare તેde
ſan only replied, that he moſt be a madman, who th
would pretend to adviſe an enemy, and that the
perfon adviſes would act ftill more madly whe
would cake couple of ſuch an adviser. He was
however, on the point of ſurrendering the city, lo
when in:elligence was brought himthat the forces th
belonging to the weftern government were in
toll march towards the place ; upon whicb.ic was W
befolved to defend it to the utmoft. Charles, in
the mean time, refolving upon a general affault ,
kept up a conſtant firing on the rown ; which fron
the waik defence made by the garriſon, he lock
ed upon as already in his hands. But whilo iho
divan were deliberaring on the moſt proper m’ans
of obtaining an honourable capitulation, a mad
prophet, arrended by a multitude of people, no
tered che af moly, and foretold the deſtruct.on of
the Spaniards before the end of the moon , ( * .
horting the inhabitants to hold ou till that cime.
This pred ction was loon accompl th : d in a very
manner
&& ch of October 1941, a dreadful (torm of wind,
rain, and hail, arose from the north , accompanied
with violenc lhocks of earıhquakes, and a dimul
and univerſal darkneſs both by tea and land ; 1 )
that the ſun moon, and elements, ſeemed to com .
bine cogerher for the deſtruction of the Spaniards.
In chat one night, ſome ſay in lels than half as
hour, eighty fix thips and fifteen gillies were de
troyed , with all their crews and milicary fores ;
by which the army on ſhore was deprived of all
means of fubfiitence. Their camp all, which
Spread itſelf along the piain under their forc, wis
laid quite under the water by the corrence which
defcended from the neighboring h :lls. Mny of
the croops , by crying 1o renove into lom : bilier
fi uation, were cut to pieces by the Mors and A.
rabs , while ſeveral gallies, and o her vel is, en .
deavouring to gain ſome oeighbour og Creek; a .
long the coaft, were immediately pluovered, and
their crews mafficred by the inbabitag 8 .
Next morning, Charles beheld she fea covered
with the fragincncs of daips, and she bodies of
 22 )
men, horſes, and other creatores, ſwimming an
the waves ;'at which he was ſo diſheariened , thac
abandoning his tents, artillery, and all his heavy
baggage to the enemy, he marched at the head of
his army, in : no ſmall diſørder, towards Cape
Mallabux, in order to reimbark in thoſe veſſels,
which had out weathered the ſtorm . But Hafran
who had watched his mocions, allowed him juſt
time to get to the fore , when he fallied out and
attacked the Spaniards in the midſt of their hur.
ry to get into their faips. He killed great num.
Gruk

bers, and brought away a ftill greater number of

captives ; after which he recurged in triumph Lo
Jatoo

Algiers.
Sooo after this, the propheç Yuſef, who had
co

foretold the deſtruction of the Spaniards, was de

es

clared the deliverer of his country, and had a

thb

confiderable gratuity decreed him , with the lb

erty of exerciſing his prophetic function unmo
leſted. It was not long, however, before the
Marabouts, and ſome interpreters of the law ,
made a ſtrong oppoſition againſt him, remonftra
cing ro che baſhaw, how ridiculous and ſcanca.
lous it was to their nation , to aſcribe its delivere
ance to a poor fortune- teller, which had been ob.
caioed by the ferpent prayers of an eminent ſaint
of their own profeflion. But though the baſhaw
and his divan ſeemed, out of policy, to give into
this laft nocion, yet the impreſſion, which the pre
diction of Yuſef and its accompliſhment had made
upon the minds of the common people, prored
100 ſtrong to be eradicated ; and the ſpirit of die
vination and conjuring has lince got into fuch
credis among them , that not only their greac
ftatelmen, buc their prieſts, marabouts, and lan.
 ( 23 )
toons, have applied themſelves to that ſtudy, and
dignified it with the pame of Mahomet's Revela
tions .
The Spaniards had ſcarce reached their fhips,
when they were attacked by a freſh form , in
which ſeveral more of them periſhed . A veffel
in particular, containing ſeven hundred ſoldiers,
beſides tailors, funk in the light of Charles, with
out the poffibility of ſaving a ſingle man . AC
length with much labour, they reached the pore
of Bojeyah . They ſtayed no longer here than
till che fixteenth of November, when chey fet lail
for Carthagena, and reached it on the twenty
hich of the ſame moocli. In this unfortunate ex
pedicion upwards of one hundred and twenty
Thips and gallies were loft, with above three hun
dred colonels and ocher officers, and eight thou .
farid foldiers and marines, beſides choſe deſtroyed
by the enemy on their reimbarkation , or drown
ed in the laſt ſtorm . The number of priſoners
were fo great, that the Algerines fold lome of
them
head,
, by way of contempt, for an onion per
From this cime, the Spaniards were never able
Po annoy the A'gerines, in any confiderable de
gree . Ta 1555, they loſt the city of Bujeyah ,
which was taken by Saleb Bais, fucceffor to Halo
fan . This commander, in 1956, ſet out upon a
new expedition, but he was 1carcely got cwelve
leagues from Algiers, when the plague, which at
thae cime raged violently in the city , luckily cara
ried him off in twenty - four hours.
The Algerines were now become formidable to
the European powers. The Spaniards, who
were moſt in danger, folicited the artiſtance of
England, the Pope, and the other fares. The
Fench however were the firſt who dared to the
th -it retra ment at the perfidious behaviour of
theſe miſcreants , and in 1617 , M. Caulieu war
ſent againſt them with a fleet of iity men of war,
He defeated their feet and took two of their ver
tels. Their admiral funk his own thip and crew,
rather than fall into the hands of the enemy.
lo 1620, a squadron of Engliſh men of wat
was ſent aga oft Algiers, but did nothing. The
A gerines becoming more infolest, openly def.
ed all the European powers. In 1637, che Al .
ferises inteſted the Britiſh channels and made
fuch a valt number of captures, as to have at ong
time, between four and five thouſand fubje& s
England priſoners.
The Algerines profecuted cheir piracies with
im.puoicy, to the terror and diſgrace of Chriften
dom, till the year 1652; when a French R -ce be
ing driven to Algiers, the admiral demanded a
releaſe of all the caprives of all his nation. This
beiag re'uſed, the Frenchmen without ceremony fa
carriod off the Turk lh vice roy, and the judge,
who were juſt arrived from the porte. The Al
gerines by way of repriſal, furprized the Bifton US
of France already ſpoken of, and cook priſonere рг
to the oumber of lix hundred. Upon this, the
admiral ſene them word, that he would pay then fe
apoi her Gt, next year, with his whele Acer.
to
The Algerines fired out a feet of fixteen gal: DC
leyó under the command of Hala Pacha, they lec
made adeſcent on Pagala, were took mary prif
Ouers, ravagiog the whole territory of Nececca. lea
They carried off a vaſt number of caprives.
Thence ſteering towards Dalmacia, chey ſcoured
 ( 25 )
the Adriatic, and loaded themſelves with ima
menſe plunder .
In the year 1635 , four brothers of a family in
France, entered into an undercaking ſo deſper
ate, chat perhaps the annals of knight-errantry
can ſcarcely furniſh iis equal . This was no leſs
than to recort the piracies of the Algerines, upon
themſelves ; and as they indifcrmínately took
ihe ſhips of all nations, lo were there heroes in
diſcriminately to take the ſhips belonging to Al
giers ; and this with a ſmall frigáce of ten guns !
An hundred volunteers embarked ; a Maicele com
million was obtained, with an ablé mafter, and
thirty mariners. On their firſt feccioſ out , they
took, on the Spanish coaſt, a ſhip laden with
wine. Three days after , they engaged iwo large
Algerine corſairs, one of twenty and the other of
twenty - four guns. The French made ſó deſper
are a reſiſtance, that the pirates were not able to
take ihem, till five other corſairs came up. The
French veſſel, being almoft corn to pieces, was
then bearded and caken. In 1642 , the broth
ers redeemed themſelves, at the price of lix shoga
fand dollars .
The Venetians, alarmed at the ravages of the
Algerines equipped a fleet of twenty eight lail,
under the command of admiral Capello, with exa
preſs orders to burn, Ink, or take, all che Barba .
ty corfairs which he met with , either on the open
feas, or even in the Ottoman harbours, agreeable
to a late creacy of peace with the pore. On the
other hand, the captain baſhaw , who had been
fege out with a Turkiſh fieer to chaſe the Floren .
tine and Malieſe croiſers from the Archipelago,
learning that the Algerine ſquadren was ſo near,
 ( 26 )
fent expreſs orders to the admiral to come to his
affiſtance. Pinchinin readily agreed ; but he was
overtaken by Capello, from whom he retired to
Valona, a ſea pori belonging to the grand leigo
or, whither the Venetian admiral pursued him ;
but the Turkih governor refufing to toro out
the pirates, according to the articles of the peace
becween the Ottoman court and Venice, Capello
was obliged to content himſelf with watching
them for some time . Piochinin loon ventured
out, an engagement immediately enſued , and the
Algerines were defeared . Five of their vefſels
were diſabled ; one thouſand five hundred men,
Turks, and Chriſtian Alaves, were killed ; belides
one thouſand fix hundred galley flaves who re .
gained their liberty. Pinchinin, after this de.
fear, returned to Valona, where he was again
warched by Capello, but the latter had not lain 6
long at his old anchorage, before he received a
-1 letter from the Senate, defiring him to make no
farther attempt on the pirates at that time, for b
fear of a rupture with the porce. Capello was !
forced to lubmit ; but refolving to take ſuch a si
leave of the Algerines as he chough they de
férved, obſerved how they had reared their tents, he
and drawn their booty and equipage along the CH

fore. He then kept firing among their cenis, ta

while ſome well manned galliots and brigantines
were diſpatched to attack their ſhipping. Six
teen gallies, with all their cannon, and ſtores,
were towed out. In this laſt engagement, a ball A
from one of the Venetian gallies, ftruck'a Turk.
iſh moſque, and hence the whole action was cos.
fidered as an inſult to the grand feignior. To
conceal chis, Capello was ordered to link all the

‫می‬acob Gault
 ( 27 )
Algerine ſhips that he had taken , except the Ad
miral ; which was to be conducted to Venice, and
laid up as a crophy. Capello received a levere
reprimand, and the Venetians were obliged 10
buy, with five hundred thouſand ducats, a peace
from the porte .
In the mean time, the news of this defeat and
loſs filled Algiers with rage andconfuſion. The
cicy was on the point of an inſurrection, when
the baſhaw publiſhed a proclamation, forbidding,
got only complaints and outcries, under the fem
vereſt penalties, but all perſons whatever to take
their thumbs from within their girdles, while they
were deliberating on this ſubject. They applied
to che porte for an order, that the Venetians fete
tled in the Levant, ſhould make up their loſs .
But with this the grand ſeignior refuſed to con
ply , and left them to repair their lofies, and to
build new thipsin the bett manner that they could.
Ic was not long, however, before they had che
farislaction of ſeeing one of their capcaias land,
with a f:elh ſupply of fix hundred Naves, whom
he had brought from the coaſt of Iceland, whith
er he had been directed by a miſcreanc qative
taken on board a Danish ſhip .

Pincbinin. His engagement with a Dutch ſhip.

Bombardment and deſtruction of Algiers by the
Frencb, Defeat of the Spaniards.
THE pirates did not long continue in their
weak and detenceleſs ſtate , being able, at the
end of two years, to appear ac ſeawith a fleet of

‫مد وهوعا کرر را کرده ام و با نام‬

 ( 28 )
Bxty- five fail, The Admiral Pinchinin equipo
ped four galliots at his own expence ; with which,
in conjun & ion with the Chiayah or ſecretary of
the bathaw of Tripoli, he made a ſecond excur
ion. This ſmall ſquadron , confitting of_five
galleys and cwo brigantines, fell in with an Eng,
lith thip of forty guns ; which, however Pinch .
inin's captains refuſed to engage, but being al.
terwards reproached by him for their cowardice,
they ſwore te attack che next Chriſtian ſhip thać
came in their way . This happened to be a Dutch
merchantman, of twenty- eight guns and forty
men , deeply laden , and diſabled by a calm from
vling her fails. Pinchinin immediately dummon
ed her to turrender ; but receiving an ironical
anſwer, drew up his ſquadron in form of an halt
moon , that they mighi pour their ſhot all at once
inco their adverfary. This, however, the Durch.
man avoided, by means of a breeze of wind which
fortunately Iprung up and enabled him to turn
his ſhip ;'bywhich the galleys ran foul of each
other. Upon chis Pinchinin rap bis own galley
along ſide the merchantman, the upper deck of
which fevenry Algerines immediately took pol.
feffion af, ſome of them curcing the rigging,
others plying the hatches with hand- grenadoes ;
but the Dutch having ſecured themſelves in their
clofe quarters, began to fire at the Algerines on
board, from two pieces of cannon loaded with
ſmall Thór ; by which they were all foon killed or
forced to submit Piachinin in the mean time
made ſeveral opſucceístul attempts to relieve his
men , as well as to turround the Dutch with his
other gallies ; but their fhip lay ſo deep in the wa
ter, that every hos did terrible execution among
 ( 29 )
the pirates ; ſo that they were obliged to remove
farther off. At laft the Dutch captain, having
ordered his guns to be loaded with cartouches,
gave them a parting volley , which killed, as it is
faid , two hundred of them, and ſeot the reft back
to Algiers in a difnal condition .
But though Pinchioin thus returned in dif
grace, the reſt of the Aeec quickly came back
wich vaſt numbers of Naves, and an immenſe
quantity of rich 1poils ; in ſo much that the Eng .
liſh , French, and Durch, were obliged to cringe
to the Algerines, who fomerimes condeſcended
to be at peace with them, but ſwore eternal war
againſt Spain, Portugal, and Traly, whom they
conſidered as the greateſt enemies to the Mahom .
etan name. Aclaft Lewis the fourteenth, pro
voked by the grievous outrades committed by
the Algerines on the coafts of Provence and Lana
guedoc, ordered , in 1681 , a conſiderable feec to
be fitted out againſt chem , under the Marquis du
Quelne, vice admiral of France. His firſt expe
dion was againſt a number of Tripolican cor.
fairs ; who had the good fortune to outrow him,
and ſhelter themſelves in the inland of Scio be
longing to the Turks. This did not prevent
him from purſuing them thither, and making
ſuch a terrible fire upon them, as deftroyed four
teen of their veſſels , beſides bastering the walls
of the caftle .
This ſeverity ſeemed only to be deſigned as a
check to the piracies of the Algerines ; but , find .
ing that they ſtill continued their outrages on the
French coaſt, Do Quelne failed in Auguſt, 1682,
to Algiers, cannonading and bombarding it lo
furiouſly, that, in a very short time, the whole
 ( 30 )
town was in Aames. The great moſque was bat
tered down, and moſt of the houſes laid 'ic ruins,
fo that she inhabitants were on the point of aban
doning the place ; when, on a ſudden the wind
turned about, and obliged Do Quelne to recura
to Toulon. The Algerines immediately made
repriſals, by ſending a number of galleys and gal.
Jiots to the coaſt of Provence, where they com
mitted the moſt dreadful ravages, and broughs
away a vaſt number of captives ; upon which a
aew armament was ordered to be got ready at
Toulon and Marſeilles, againſt them the next
year ; and the Algerines, having received early
notice, put theinielves into as good a Aate of de
fence as the time would allow .
Ia May , 1683 , Du Queſne with his ſquadron
caſt anchor before Algiers ; where, being jvined
by the Marquis d'Affianville, at the head of five
Atrong ve fels, it was refolved to bombard the
town the next day, when accordingly , one hund
red bombs were thrown into it which did terrible
execucion, while the beſieged made ſome hundred
diſcharges of their cannon again the affailaots,
without doing any conſiderable damage. The
following night, bombs were again thrown inco
the city in ſuch numbers, that the dey's palace
and oher great ed fices were almoſt deſtroyed ;
ſome of the bacceries were diſmounced, and ſever .
al veſſels junk in the port. The dey, and Turk
ith baſhaw, as well as the whole foldiery, alarmed
at this dreadful havock, immediately ſued for
peace. As a preliminary, the French in Gifted on
the ſurrender of all Chriſtian captives who had
been taken fighulog under their Rag, which be.
ing granted, one hundred and forcy.cwo perſons
were direaly delivered up, with a promiſe of ſendo
ing on board the remainder, as ſoon as they could
be gotfrom the different parts of the country.
Accordingly Du Queſne tent his commiffary. gen.
eral and one of his engineers into the town ; but
with expreſs orders to infift upon the delivery of
all the French captives without exception, (0
gether with the effects that had been taken from
the French and char Mezomorto their then admi.
ral, and Hali Rais one of their captains, ſhould be
given as hoftages.
This laſt demand having embarrafled the deyo
he aſſembled the divan, and acquainted them with
it. Upon this Mtzomorto fell into a violent
paſion , and told the aflembly, that the cowardice
o thoſe who fa : the helm had occafioned the ruin
of Algiers ; but, that for his part, he would never
conſent to deliver up any thing that was taken
from the French. He immedially acquainted the
foldiery with what had paffed ; which lo exaſper .
ated them, thac chey murdered the dey chac very
night, and on the morrow chofe Mezcmorco in
h's place. This was no fooner done, than he
cancelled all the articles of peace which had been
made, and hoftilicies were renewed with greater
fury than ever .
The French admiral now kept pouring in ſuch
volleys of bombs, that in leſs than three days,
che greateſt part of the city was reduced to aſhes ;
and the fire burned with ſuch fury, that she tea
was enligheened far more than two leagues round.
M < zomorto, unmoved by all theſe diſaſters, and
the vast numbers of the Dain, whoſe blood ran in
rivulets along the ſtreets ; or rather, growo furi
eus and deſperate, fought only how to wreak his
 ( 32 )
revenge on the enemy ; and, AQC content with
caufiog all the French in the city to be cruelly
murdered, he ordered their conful to be tied hand
and foot, and faftened alive to the mouth of a
mortar, from which he was thet away againft
their navy. By this piece of inhumanity , Du
Quefne was ſo exaſperated, that he did not leave
Aigiers till he had orrerly deſtroyed all their fore
tifications, ſhipping, almoſt all the lower part ,
and above ewo chirds of the upper part of the city,
which became little more than a heap of ruins.
The Algerines were now thoroughly convinc .
ed that they were not invincible ; and, therefore,
iminediately fent an embaffy into France; bego
ging in themoſt abject terms for peace ; which
Lewis very foon granted, to their inexpreffible
joy. They now began to pay fome regard to
other nations, and to be ſomewhat cautious how
they wartonly provoked , their diſpleaſore: The
firſt bombardment by the French had fo far hum.
bled the Algerines, thatthey condeſcended to ea
ter into a treaty with England ; which was in
1686 recewed upon terms very advantageous 194
the latter . li is not to be loppoſed, however,
that the natural perfidy of the Algerines would
diſappear on a ſudden. Norwithtanding this
treaty, therefore, they loft no opportunity ofmak
ing prizes of Engliſh thips, when they could con
veniently ſeize chem . Upon lome infringement
of this kind, captain Beach, in 1695, drove a
fhore and burned leven 'of their frigaces which
a
but it was not voril the taking of Gibrallar and
Port Mahon , that Britain could have a fufficient
check upon them to enforce the obſervation of

200 Dase
 ( 33 )
Greaties and theſe have since proved ſuch re.
(traints upon Algiers; that they ſtill continue to
pay a greater deference to the Engliſh than to
any other European power .
In 1708, Oran, as has been already relaced,
was taken by the Algerines from the Spaniards,
and recovered by the lacrer in 1732. The Turk
iſh baſhaw was in 1710, fically expelled.
Since the laſt fiege of Oran the moſt remarka
ble event in the annals of Barbary is the attack
or Algiere, by the Spaniards in the year 1775 .
With a conciſe account of that expedition, we
shall cloſe this chapier of blood .
On the 23d of June 1775, a feet of fix lips
of the line, [welve frigates and thirty - three other
ärmed venels lec tail from Carthageca, in Spain,
to atrack Algiers. There was on board a body
of troops amounting to twenty - four Thouſand four
hundred and forcy leven men, including infane
Iy , cavalry, marines, and fix hundred deſeriers de.
tined to ſerve as workmeo . They were cora
manded by the coun: O'Reilly, a perſonal favour
ice of the lase king of Spain . They had like.
wife for the land ſervice, an hundred and leven .
ty fix pieces of arrille y , mortars, and howitzers,
with a ſuitable quancity of military ſtores. Oo
the 30th of June, and itt of July, they anchored
in the bay of Algiers. They obſerved a large
encampment, placed behind a bartery, eart of the
Xarach, which runs on the eaſtward of ihe city . 1

On the 2d of July, a council was held ; and or.

ders were given that che troops ſhould hold them.
felves in readineſs diſembark next morning, by
day.break . But as the lucceeding night was
windy, and a ſwell had ſet in from the shore,
E
 ( 34 )
cheſe orders were countermanded. From thua daj
to the 6h, there were frequent councils, violent
debates, and noshing done. A quarrelbroke out
between O'Reilly and the Marquis de Romana, a
Spaniſh major-general, who was killed in the tub .
liquent action. On the Gih , ibe principal offi
cers were again afſembled, to receive their vici.
mate inftructions. The commander ja chick
warned the army , that it was the cuſtom of the
Moors, to pretend a moſt violent attack, and on
the ſmalleſt refiftance, io fly with precipitation ,
that they mighe draw the enemy into an ambula
cade. He cautioned the troops not to break
their ranks, as nothing but the force of diſci.
pline could ſecure them againſt ſo active an enem
my. He pointed out the very error which they
foon after committed, and the foare into which
they were betrayed. On landing, the army was
directed to gain ſome heights, which were ſuppor
ed requ file to enſure ſucceſs againſt Algiers. In
the afternoon of the 6 h, ſome fn ps o war were
ordered to fire againſt three batteries to the east
ward of that city. This commiflion was execu :
ted with ſo much laudable attention to the per
fonal ſafety of the affulants, it ſuch we may
term them, that their ſhot did not reach the ſhore ,
thole of one
fun - ſet this formidable attack ceaſed .
On the 7 h ac day break, between cighe and
nine thouſand men were pot on board tbe boats
for landing. They advanced, under the protec.
tion of ſome larger veffels very near the coat .
Not a Moor appeared to oppoſe them ; and ac
leven o'clock in the morning, they returned on
board che tranſporte. Not a lot was ficd og

tut
 ( 35 )
ei her tide, during the whole day, although they
were well prepared for their enemy.
On the 8h, at day.break, the ſhips being ita
cioned to batter the d fferent forts to the right and
left of the place of diſembarkation, the troops,
to the number of about eight thouland , were put
on board the boats ; which formed in fix columns
The place of landing was a league and an hali to
the eaſtward ofthe city of Algiers. Eighty thou.
fand Moors, of whom (wo thirds were cavalry,
came in fight, but did not attempt to oppoſe the
landing of the Spanifh forces. It is ſaid , that
the whole number of Africans collected on this
1

occalion, was not leſs than one hundred and fitty

thouſand , The troops advanced into a cloſe
enuatry, which the Algerines had occupied in
ſmall parties, The grenadiers and light infantry
of the Spaniards were repulſed, and the whole
body fell into confuſion. In a very ſhort time
they ded, leaving behind them a great number of
killed and wounded. The latter,a few excep'ed,
were, in ſpite of their intreaties, left to the mercy
of the conquerors. Part of a ſecond embarkan
tion of troops added to the general contufion . A
chird body had caft op an entrenchment on the
fhore, for the projection of the army. The Afm
ricans attacked it, but were driven back with
great Naughter on both Gides, The Spaniards, in
their gazeite, acknowledged the loſs of five hund.
red and cwenty -one men killed, and two thouſand
two hundred and ſeventy.aine wounded. Ic is
faid, that the Algerines had between five and fix
thouſand men ſain on the ipoç. The wounded
Spaniards who were left on the field of bastle,
were every one murdered by the enemy. The
goveroment of Algiers had offered teo zequins
for the head of each Spaniard. Fifteen pieces of
cannon, and three howitzers were lett behind by
theſe unfortunate invaders. The real amount of
their loſs can hardly have been leſs than three
thouſand lives, and was perhaps conſiderably
greater. In the gazette of a couri, we feldom
expect an honeft ieckoning of this kind. If the
writer of that of Madrid intended us to believe
that two thouſand two bundred and ſeventy nine
of the wounded were brough: off, the officer from
whoſe journal this account is extraced , fays ihac
a much greater number were left behind, than
were ſaved, wh ch makes the ſtory worſe and
worſe. On derails of this kind, we cannot dwell
with pleaſure. One circumſtance is evident, that
the Spaniſh cominanders did noç underland their
buſinefs .

State of America as to Algiers. Conduct of Brit.

ain, & c.

IN the laſt Chapter, we have ſeen the Alge

rines lucceſſively let at defiance, ſeveral of the
moit formidable nations of Europe. When the
United States of America had obtained their in .
fant indejendence , it was naturally to be expect .
ed, that they alſo ſhould, in ſome degree , luffer,
by the ravages of the corſairs . Various circum .
kances poloted then our as eligible objects of pie
ratical rapine. They poffefred an extenſive crade
with Europe, which in the firſt place prefented a
{plendid temptation to plunder. There was, on

reអកក ៗ
 ( 37 )
the part of the Algerines, a ſecond and irrefiftible
motive to hoftilicies America did not ſupport,
ac her national expence, any maritime force what
ever ; and thirdly, had ſhe even eſtabliſhed an ar
med nary, this country lies at the diſtance of
more chan three chouſand miles, from the com
inon range of the privateers of Barbary . Hence,
to reduce them to lubmiffion, muſt always require
a proportion of trouble and expence greatly fu .
perior to the fubftantial magnitude of the object
of accack ; and this remoteneſs of our fituation
might be conſidered as an addicional , inducemenc
co che regency of Algiers for interrupring our
navigation. Of the number and ſtrength of the
corſairs , it is impoffible to give an accurate ftate
ment. Their actual force, however, compared
with bac which the United States could eaſily
fic oui , is but willing. To bring the whole ſhips
of war, at once, to a regular, engagement, oever
can be practicable, but ſhould it happen, it may
without preſumption be ſuppoſed, that fifteen or
twenty American forty gun frigates would ſend
their navy to the bottom . When we reflect on
the numerous and peculiar incitements which
theſe Africans had, to commence depredations on
the commerce of the United States, instead of
being lurpriſed
becomes
at our having fuffered ſo much,
it rather an object of wonder chac we
have loffened to ligele. Since the independence
of North America, the Algerines have been con
ftantly at war, wjin the Dutch or the Porcupsele,
or both at once ; and as either of thete nasichs is
gres, fuperior, inregular (trength atlea, co the
confis, chey have, hitherto, for the securiy of
the own colomerce , watched che caranceof the
 Mediterranean lo carefully, that the corfairs have
been ſeldom able to get out of it. That they
fometimes did fo, is unfortunately certain , buty
in general, they were fhut up ia the Mediterrana
ean as in a prilon, without a poſſibility of ex.
tending their depredarions on the Atlantic 0 .
cean , Into the former, American vefrils but
Yomerimes ventured, and when they did 10, they
derived fecurity from forged or purchafed Medi.
terranean paftes. A Brief ſhip has for her pro
tect on a paſs, which is written on a large fheer of
parchment, and has, by way of ornament, ſome
figures or dalhes drawn with a pen, or engraved
on the margin. The Algerines cannot read Eng
Iiſh , and it would moſt likely coſt che captain of
a corſair his head , were he to carry a Briuſh veſe
tel by miſtake, as a prize into the harbour of Al.
giers. They have adopted a legac ous contri.
vance to diſcover whether ſuch paſes are genu.
ine, They keep a fick marked with notches
correſponding to the ſhape of thoſe figures, that
are uniformly delineared on the margin of the
parchment. When the paſs is produced, their
meaſure is applied. In this way, it cannot be
dfficult for the moſt bungling artiſt, who has aa
origioal pals before him, to deceive them , and by
this means, it is ſaid , uppa reputable auchority,
that many véffels have been preſerved. B - fides,
even in she Mediterranean ithilf, the progreſs of
the Algérints have been conſiderably cramped by
the fortuguele and Durch ſhips of war, and boih
the nations, as well as the Spaniards, trom a rea
gard to their own intereft, as well as from the
comnon principles ofjuſtice and humanity ,gave
beca forward to extend their protection to the A.
4
 ( 39 )
merican flag. The Algerioes are more formida
ble ar fea than any other power along the coaſte
of Barbary. Their oavy, however, feldom ex
ceeds twenty fhips, only one of which belongs to
the government, and is affigned to ihe admirals
this is ftyled the deylik, or royal fhip , and has
her particular store houſes ; all the reft belong to
private pe fons, and have likewiſe their fore-hou .
tes, well provided, the captains never failing 10
ftrip iheir prizes of all che conveniencies they fiad
in them,
The captains of theſe hips have commonly a
thare in chole they command, it they are not the
fole owners, and accordingly may fit them out
when they will, and cruize where they pleate ; bet
are obliged, when required, to attend ihe fervice
of the ſtare in cranſporting men or provifions, or
in failing on any particular cruizz. The captain
muſt give an account of his ſucceſs to the gove
eromhen ', which claims an eight part of a !i che
prizes, Qaves, and cargo ; che reſt being divided
among the proprietors and ſhip's company.
The naval force of Algiers has been ſaid to
have been for a conſiderable number of years on
she decline. In the year 732 they had only fis
capital fhips, from thirty ſix co fiscy guns, beſide
brigaatines and row boats, and at the ſame time,
had not half that number of brave and experien
ced capraios.
Though piracy feens to fuic beft with the tem
per of the Algerines, they ſuffer free Chriftiars,
Jews, either natives or foreigasrs, Arabians, and
Moors, to exerciſe a trec corxmerce both by fear
and land, and to carry on trades and manufactures
in dik, Colcon, wool, leather, and other commodo
 ( 40 )
ities, which are moſtly conducted by Spaniards
fetcled in Algiers, eſpecially about the metropo
lig. Carpets are anorber manufacture of his
country, though they are greatly inferior to those
of Turkey for beauty and firmneſs; but being
both cheaper and lofter, are preferred by the peo
ple to lie upea. There are likewiſe at Algiers
looms for velver, caffaties, and other wrought & iks,
and a coarſe fort of linen is made in moſt parts of
che kiogdom, of which Sula produces the fineſt .
Theſe manufactures are chiefly conſumed at home,
fome of them, eſpecially thoſe of Glk and linen,
beiog to inconſiderable, that they are obliged to
ſupply che want of a fufficient quantity by im
porting them from Europe and the Levant. The
people ſend few of their commodities to foreign
markers, their oil, wax, corn, and pulſe being
barely fufficieot to ſupply the country, though,
before the city of Oran became fubject to Spain,
the merchants have been known to ſhip eff from
the various ports of Barbary leven or eight thou
fand cons of corn in one year. The confump
tion of oil, which is here very plentiful, is allo fa
confiderable in this country, that it is ſeldom per
mitced to be ſhipped oft for Europe ; ſo that their
exports chiefy conift in oſtriches feathers, waxa
hides, wool, copper, rugs, filk, Sihes, embroirdo
ered handkerchieis, Chriftian laves , and dates.
The goods imported chiefly conſiſt in gold and
Glver ſtuffs, damaſks, lines and acolen cloths and
ftaffs, couron , raw aod ſpun, tin , iron, plated brais,
lead, quickõlver, cordage, Glk.cloth , bulleis,
cochinai, cartar, clum, rice, ſugar, honey, wax ,
fpices, aloes, opium, anoiſe and cummia feed
ſoap, copperas, arſenic, farſaparilla, aipic. & c.
 45
A

NARRATIVI

OF THE

CAPTIVITY AND SUFFERINOS

ON

Mrs. MARIA MARTIN ,

V20 AS SIX YEARS A SLÁTE IN ALGIERS

>

" I AM a native of England, and was born in

che year 1779 of reſpectable and wealthy parents.
Ia the year 1797, I was married to capi. HENRY
MARTIN . who was commander of one of the
Eaft India Company's ſhips. Being ever defire
pus of viſiting ſome diftanc part of the world, I
folicited and obtained the conſent of my huſband
to accompany him a voyage to Minurca . Accord .
ingly , on the 2014 of June 1800, me fer feil in
the ship Unicorn , on board of which there were
100 fouls, 12 of whom were paſſengers. Ween .
joved for feveral weeks a plealant wind and noth
lag occurred to obtruct our paſſage uncil che 271 h
July, when, at the very moment that the lofc
breeze fanned every ſoul to deep, when every fear
of danger was baniſhed, all care forgotten, and
ibis wearied lulled in the arms of Morpheus, im
 ( 42 )
ſweet repoſe, iben, in an inftant, we were alt
soofed, by eke ſtriking of the ſhip upon a rock ?
Our amazemens and horror cannot be deſcribed
in order to do ii , the reader muſt realize my feela
ings at that moment. We were ſoon overwhelm
ed by the tempelt of the ſea. The crew were in
the utmoſt confufion - lome (wearing, and others
praying.
Al day light next moroing , we found ourſelves
in a deplorable licuation , the hip on her beema
ends with four feet of water in her hold , and a
heavy lea continually breaking over us. lo 01
der to lighien the vel, she foremaſt was cor 2
way , and the guns thrown overboard , this plan
had its defred effct , for in a few minutes we
found ourſelves afloat in deep water , and law as
fern of us, the rock that had cauſed us ſo much
trouble and anxiety of mind . All hands being
immediately ſet to work in repairing and clearing
the ſhip of water, we had the pleafore of ſeeing
ourſelves the proceeding day in a fatuation to pro
ceed on our voyage .
Nothing from this moment tranſpired, worthy
of record, until the 14th of Auguſt, when we
met with a far more fatal difafter about fun - fet,
we were alarmed at the right of a veffel we dif
covered, which cape. Martin imagined to be a
French frigate, and to avoid her, he altered the
fhip's courleihe wind at this moment began to
blow unuſually ſtrong, and with the night in .
creaſed to a hurricane. The night was extreme
ly dark, and the fea running high and breaking
over us, rendered it impoflible to keep a light ia
the bionacle we were therefore obliged to lafla
the helm and truf to the mercy of the waves .
 ( 43 )

of day light che torm began in ſome meaſure to

abatemat 9 A. M. it entirely fobiided .
AC 2 P. M. as we were taking fome reliefh .
ment in the cabin , the boarswain came and cold
my husband that the colour of the water had
changed ; upga which he reprimanded him, and
told him that he had loſt his fenes, for it was
impoſible to be near any thore. When the ſea
changes its colour, it is an evident token that
land is not far off, we continued our courſe on
der a forent ; but our terror and ſurprize was
not to be expreít, when in the morning watch,
my husband being upon deck, diſcovered land
right a head, he came down immediately into the
cabin, and with tears in his eyes, defired I would
arile. By his countenance I judged that some.
thing ex.raordinary was the macer - I inſtantly
aroſe and went upon deck and plainly faw chę
land but a ſhort ditance a head ! The land had
the appearance of land baoks, and the ſhip's crew
did all they could to weather them , but the ſhip
having a round head, the would not obey the
bel , cherefore it was agreed to make in for the
land, hoping, as it had the appearance of a bold
Ihre, that we might, chrough Providence, land
ſale. I however proving ebb tide, the thip.
kruck upoa one of ihe baoks, but by lightening
cbe hip, and speciag away her malts by the board,
got clear or that ; but keeping itill is for the 6
Shure , Cloon after firuck upon another fand
biok , but not very violently , lowe ihrew out
Our ſhip's anchors in hopes ngwe mighe ri de out the
gged
cide ; but the wind increali , we'dra item ,
and were violently thrown upon another fand
bank , where the ſhip ftock , and the waves dalh .
ad over us. There were ſeveral children on board ,
the diſmal cries of whom at čhis awful moment,
‫ܐ ܀‬

could not fail to pierce the hardeft heart. Capr.

Marcin ordered the boat our io tee if we could
gain the ſhore that way, a number jumped inte
her, buc ere they could leave the hip, he was
taved pieces
to .
There were on board two blacks, that were exo
celleni divers (for the furge was so violent Ad
one could item the billows but by diving ) who
offered to get with a rope on ſhore, and fatten ic
from the ſhip to che rocks. The negroes accord
ingly plunged into ihe ſea, and in a few moments
we had the fatisfaction to ſee them land and make
faſt the rope, by the affiſtance of which they a
gain returned to the ſhip . My huſbind, the
mare and myſelf ventered into the water firſt upon
the awning of the ſhip, and got ſafe on ſhore.
The captain's clerk, the boatſwain , and two fail
ors next came on ſhore, butno lúoner were they
landed , than the rope bruks, and is the iwo ne
groes hadlefs us, all hopesofTaving any more
from the laio
even pierced at this momepe with thei: cries,
which was more terrible to me than the Atorm .
Soon after our arrival on shore my husbaod,
the mate and boatswain, went in fearch of inbab .
icants, but in a few hours returned, and intorm
ed me that they could not dilcover any ; our
grief was now renewed, for we were apparently
in as much danger of ſtarving now , as we had
been of drowning a few hours before.
While we were lamenting our condition we
heard ſomebody hollow , up in the woods, whick
revived oor drooping feales : hay reaning to te
 ( 48 )
who it was, we, much to our grief, found it to
be one of the failor's that eſcaped, who was hal
lowing to his companion .
When we were together, my husband propoſ
ed thac we ſhould walk to the ſouthward , to ſee
if it were poffible to find any inhabicance ; but in
lefs enan an hour, our j'urney was obſtructed by
an impepatrable wood , and we were compelled
to return . We thea fteered our courte north
Ward, buc were interrupted by large ſwamps.
Thus marooned as we were, WC , went back a.
gain and could perceive the poor wretches in the
vcllel liſting up their hands to us for ſuccour,
Capie Marua made figns to them to let them
know that our condition was as bad as theirs. Ic
growing near aighe, ſome of the poor creatures
veacured into the warer, but were ſoon drowned.
La fhort, every object we beheld increaſed our
horror. None of us had eat or drank for (wo
days. My poor huſband though qoire caſt down
kimielf, endeavoured to cheer his fellow suffer -
ers ; and that we mght be ſhelcered from the in
cleanency of the oighe ( which, to add to our
wretched condition, proved a rainy on:) the men
by joint content and labour wbile che day latted ,
colic &ted a great aumber of Palmetoe leaves, and
with the fragments of crees built a hut, and ſhel 10

cered ic from the weather as well as they could.

I was indeed a melancholly reflection to think
of our condicion, nothing to lie upon but the
bare wet ground, and our cloaths that covered
us with whole upon our backs, dropping with
rain and ſale. water ; no food aor hopes of get
gag any , and almost expiring with thirft. In
the milerable hut we ſpent a wretched night ; in
the morning, by my requex, we addreffed our
felves to the all ſeeing power for foccour. After
our exiempore oriſons were over, we roſe up and
resolved to go into the woods, to gather if poſ
hble ſomething to kill our hunger. We did not
travel far before the mare , who was a little way
a -head, came running toward us, and told us
that he had diſcovered a few rods diftant, a num
ber of men of a very tawny complexion, armed
with long (pears ; we did not heſi ate a moment
to meet them whether friends or foes, for we felt
ourſelves unable any longer to live without food.
As ſoon as they diſcovered us they advanced to .
wards us in full ſpeed ; when within hail, they ac
cofted us in a language which we did not under
stand ; my husband addreſſed them in Engliſh
and then in French , but they did not appear 10
underſtand what he ſaid, the mate then add: effed
them in Spanish, but with no better ſucceſs ---one
of the ſailors who had been a priſoner among the
Moors, text add effed them io the Moreſco lan . "
guage, and by one or two of them appeared in
be underſtood, who, in reply, declared us « their
priſoners .”- By the requelt of my husband , the
ſailor, who had now become our interpreter, en
quiied the name of the country in which we were
the reply was, “ you are ia Barbary , 30 miles
from Tenis, and go from the city of Algiers.
We were at shis inſtant ſurrounded by the Baru
barians, who brandiſhing their spears, command .
ed us to follow them . The Cailor told then that
we were Britiſh ſubjects, with whom the Bey of
Algiers was at peace ; to this, however, they paid
builutle or no atleonon, but compelled us to ac
company chem. About fun fer, we arrived at
 (( 47 )
Moftage; village 27 miles from Tenis where we
Carried thatnight, and the next morning proceed .
ed 'or Oran . The news of our arrival was food
made known, and the inhabitabis collected in
great numbers ro , view us.By our interpreter
we diſcovered that thoſe by whom we were cap .
tured, were repreſenting us as natives of Perlu .
gal, that we were a part of the crew of a priva
leer of that pation , which had been ſhip wrecked
on their coaſt. As the Portuguefe were then at
war with no nacio , but the Algerides, the wicke
ed lie of theſe unpriscipled barbarians had its
delired effect, and ſo enraged the multitude that
they could hardly be refrained from laying vio .
leot - hands on us.
Is appeared to be the policy of our captors to
repreſene us ag an enemy, as chey well knew chas
we ſhould be difpof: d of as ſuch , and that they,
agreeable to a law of their country, would be en .
titled to one half of the purchaſe money -- bui,
to the contrary, had ir been knowo that we were
Britiſh ſubjects the Englith contul ac Algiers
would have demanded us as luch ,
Myhusband's greateſt concern, was, that we
fhould be diſpoſed of a different perſons, and
ſeperated , never perhaps te lee each other again ,
and too fogo were his expe & ations verified , for
the day after our arrival , we were drove up like
fo many carcle which are to be expoſed for ſale, lo
the public market, where were gathered a great
Dumber of bidders s among them I recogn zed
many of my owa fex , which gave me frefh nopes
of protection, but, alas chis lond hope was of
but fort duraciga, far fo far from exhibicing any
picy for me, they feemed rather to exuls in my
mileries ! One of the ruffians who claimed me
their property, conducted me to the Cadi , or
principal governor of the place, who was a
little, ugly , old looking man, beſmeared with
dirt, barefoot and barelegged, to him I was re
commerided as a valuable in.door Dave.mohe 918
very,critical in the examination of my perſon,
my limbs, seech, eges, &c. were very cloſely in
{peated: After undergoing a thorough examina
tion by more than one hundred different perſons,
I was ftrock off to a Turk, I was then led ouc
of the market place, and commicted to the care
of his ſon, who was feared on ilog a few rods
therefrom awaiting she departure of Kis father.
Here for the firſt time I had a melancholly
iew of my unhappy fellow aves, whole cous
tenances, as they Atole a pitying glance toward
me, befpoke more than the tongue could expreis!
chey were emploged in their daily occupacion,
which was to load large carts with rocks and hugli
Aones blown from the ledges near the ſhore , and
to convey them to a valley about one mile dif
cane ; choſe employed to load the carts, had large
collars about their necks, made much after the
form of thoſe worn by the Weſt India Naves
,
thereto . To witneſs the diftrels, and to hear the
diſpairing groans of thoſe poor crearures ; could
hoi fait to draw a tear from the eye of aayons
buc a merciles barbarian ! Under the heavy
weight of the laſh, they were compelled to pero
form the levereſt talks ; hali naked ; their Icorcha
ed and lacerated bodies exhibited a iriglactul proof
of the brutality exerciled coward them by clic Bain
barians .

************
 ( 49 )
very great portion of the inhabitants of te
bis are Moors, adeſcription of the maoners and
cuſtoms of which , may be entertaining to my
readers.They are of a cawny complexion, of a
laży, idle diſposition, and curred with all the vir
ces of mankind , mittruftful to the laſt degree,
falſe, jealous, and the very picture of ignorance.
They Ayle themselves muffelmen, or true believe
ers, yet their word is not to be relied on. They
abominate the chriſtians, for the very word in
their language fignifies dog ; and are continually
leeking means to destroy them. Mahomet has
taught chem in his Alcoran, that all who die
fighciag againlt chriftians, immediately enter in
to paradiſe , in triumph , nay, even their houſes,
iſ they die in battle are immediately canfared
into heaven .
Though Poligamy is allowed , yet they muſt
marry but four wives, and muft feuile a dowry
upon them ; they are ftri& ly forbidden marrying
or having any intercourſe with a chriftian woman,
thoſe who break this lax are immediately pun
iſhed with death .
At their burials they hire proſeſſed mourners
cô grieve and cry at the graves of relations, and
howl over them, aſking them why they would
die when they were provided with every thing
ebac is neceſſary in this world. Their time is
(peac in eating, drinking, deeping, dallying with
their horſes, &c.
They have uſually a ſtring of beads in their
hands, like the roman catholicks, and to every
bead they have a fort prayer which as they re
peat, they drop through their fingers. The pray.
er confits only in the different attributes of God,
 ( 50 )
as - God is great, God is good, God is infnice
God is mercifol.
The Cadi or ( Governor) of Tenis only diferg
from his ſubjects in a larger propenfity to their
ill qualities, with the addision of a degree of cru.
elty and avarice.
I was one day a ſpectator to his wanton cruela
ty, having been teot on ſome errand by my Turk.
iſh maſter, I perceived him giving directions to
fome of his workmen ; there were ſeveral carts
drove by his faves , with materials for his houſe,
and as they paſſed him ke baltisadoed ſome for
going too faſt, while others, thinking to mend
that fault, were drubbed by him for going too
now ; one poor creatore, trembling for fear of
what would follow, went bowing before his cart,
but the Cadi, wounding his horſe in the flank, he
gave a ſpring, tumbled the wretch down and
drove over him. Another following him, ran lo
affit his fellow creature, but the Cadi threw his
dare and ſtruck him in the fhoulder ; the Cave
drew it out, and upon his knees preſented it to
him again, which the Cadi (when the man had
got a little diſtance from him) daried the Second
time into his body ! the poor creature drew it
out once more, and, covered with blood , gave
it to him back again, but as he was ſtooping, he
fell down with lots of blood at the barbarians
feet, who did him the favor to pin him to the
carth through his back.
The Cadi is ſaid so poffefs a great deal of wic
and courage, is very active and expere in riding
and hurling the dart. He drinks no wine be
cauſe his religion forbids it, but when he taka
opium, or drinks a certain mixture char he makes
 ( 51 )
kimſelf, compound with brandy, cinnamon , aa .
aileed , cloves and nutmegs , wee be to him that
comes in his way. He's much addicted to wo
men , having no leſs than four hundred concu
bines.
The Moors Inave their heads cloſe except one
lock upon the crown of their heads, which they
never cut off, they being taughe chat by chat lock
Mahomet is to draw them up to their imaginary
paradiſe.
I could not forbear ſmiling to ſee the policy
pra & iced by the Moors in one inſtance-- walking
one day about a mile from Tenis, after my re
leaſe from captivity , it began to rain violently, I
got under a tree to ſhelter myſelf from the tem .
peft, but I obſerved ſeveral of the Moors undreis
chemſelves with a great deal of precipitancy,
make up their cloathes in a bundle, and fit on
chem ſtark naked ; this was to prevent their be
ing wet, while their naked bodies were expoſed
to che fury of the ſtorm. When ic ceaſed to rain,
they walked a little way till their bodies were dry,
and then drefied themſelves.
The dreſs of the Moors chiefly confifts of a
robe or caftan of ſerge, woollen ſtuff, or blue and
white cotton, and ſometimes, but very feldom, of
filk . They are allo cloached in a ſhirt, which is
tied round the neck, and is ſo wide as to fold
two er chree times about the body ; this is bound
round the waiſt by a falh , in which is ſtuck a long
knife like a bagoner, and ſometimes cwo. The
dreis of both the men and women conſiſts of luch
a large ſhirt, generally of black linen, and a cloth
with which the women cover their head and
thoulders ; the men fomecimes rolling it about
 ( 82 ) 2

their huds, in imitation of a turban, and fome.

times round the middle . Some of the women
wear their hair tied up in a knot, and others ler
ic hang downį but the men are in general very
negligeat of it. They wear ſandals, or rather
focks, of Morocco leather, which raiſe to the
ſmall of the leg ; and their heads are covered with
a red bonnet, or cap, bordered with cotton. The
long looſe robe of white or griped cotton , or
wolleo ftuff, above deſcribed, which they fre
queadly wear over their capacious thirt, they call
haik , and is extremely becoming This robe
has a long poinced hood that falls down behind,
to the extremity of which hangs a caff -l by a long
ftring. However, the poor are cloathed after the
manoer of the negrocs .
The women, as I before mentioned , wear a
long cotton ſhift , this has long and wide fleeves ;
they have likewiſe large drawers, and a piece of
calicoe, or lineo, that covers them from head to
foot, and Aows in an eaſy manner behind. They
are all adorned with ear- rings and pendance,
which are valuable in proportion to the wearer's
kuion and qualisg .
When a confiderable number of tents or cab
bins are placed together, and form a kind of
town orvillage, they call it Adouar. Theſe vil .
lages are uſually of a circular form, the tents
ſtanding very chick, and in the centre is an emp
ty ſpace in which they keep their cattle. They
have centinels on every side of this encampment
to guard againſt Surpriſes from robbers, and from
wild beaſts. On the leaſt appearance of danger,
the alarm is given by the centinels, and ſoon
{pread over the camp; apen which every man a.. 1
 ( 53 )
Ble to bear armas ftands on his defence. As theſe
people sever encumber themſelves with much
houfhold fornicure, theſe villages are eaſily tranſ.
porced from place to place, Indeed all the do.
medic implements belonging to a family are coa
tained in a bag, or lack , which is eaſily conveyed
teat and all, on the back of a camel 10 any dife
tance. Their uſual drink is milk or whey , and
their bread , rakes made of millet. No induce
menus Can cagage them to continue a whole fea .
ſon in one place ; for however uſeleſs and us .
neceſſary their excurfions may be, they would
conſider ſuch an inſtance of inactivity as highly
culpable ,
When they happen to have a lock of wheat
or barley, they depoſit it in deep pits hewn out
of the rock , theſe they concrive with abuodance
of art, in order to cauſe a conſtant draugh: of
frelh air through the whole cavern, which is par
row at the eotrance, and gradually enlarges itſelf
in proportion to its length, which is ſometimes
above thirty feet.
In ſomeparcs of the couatry the people it is
taid have porcable mills, with which they grind
their corn as they want it. Their manner of eac
iog reſembles that of the Asiatics. At their meals
they ac croſs-legged round a covering of leather,
or a mat of palm leaves, ſpread upon the ground,
upon which their dishes or places of copper or
ivory are laid ; and they never drink eill chey rile
in order to waſh , a ceremony that cannot be 0
mitise without the greaceft indecency. They
AC ver allow themſelves more than two meals a
day, one in she morning and the other ac oighr,
and the women are never allowed to eat with the
 ( 54 )
unen ; Their repafts are ſhort and Alent, not a
fyllable being ultered till they have waſhed and
returned to their pipe and coffee, and then con
verſation begins,
From this temperance in their meals ariſes chat
Krong health which renders them ftrangers.co med
icine, che ftudy of which was ſo much cultivated
by cheir predeceffors. The only diftempers to
which they are ſubject are dyſenterics and pleuri.
dies, both which they are ſaid to cure by the in.
ternal and external applicacion of ſimples. The
inhabitants are laid to live to a great age, with
out experiencing what ſickneſs is, feldom dying
before the animal powers are wafted by years ,
With them a man ac fixty is faid to be in the
prime of life.
They believe that the leſs they are connected
with foreigners, and the more ftri& ly they ad .
here to their primitive manners, the fewer are
their maladies and diſeaſes, and the greater their
happineſs.
The mothers have a paffionate fondneſs for
their children , and take the utmoſt care to pre
vent their being injured by any accident. The
boys are permitted to marry as ſoon as they can
purchaſe a wife, which is done by preſents to the
parents, of camels, horſes, and horned cattle.
They eſtimate the affection ofthe huſband from
his liberality, and the young lady is never deliv .
ered to him cill by his preſents he has made her
parents ſenſible of his merits. If upon her being
brought home he is diſappointed in his expecta .
rionsof her beauty or chaſtity , he may ſend ner
back ; but in this caſe he forteits the prelenis he
had made .
 ( $$ s
A man has no fooper breathed his laft, than
one of his women, or ſome relation, pues het
head in at the door of the teat, and burſts inco a
terrible cry ; upon which all the women within
the village ſet up a lamentable fhriek and diſmal
Screams, which alarm the whole camp or village.
With reſpect to che learoing of the Moors is is
lo extremely limiced, chac few of them are able
to read or write ; yet ſome of them have a colera
ble notion of aſtronomy, and talk with precigon
upon the ftars, their number, ſituation , and divje
non into conftellations. The clear and ferene
ky in which they live has greatly affifted their
obſervations , which advantage they have improv
ed by a warm imagination and a happy memory :
their lyftem of aſtronomy is, however, to replete
with fable and abſurdity, that it is in general dif.
ficult to comprehend their meaning : yet with all
their ignorance, they ſeem formed by nature for
liberal ſentiments, and with a taſte for the police
arts, as cheir eſſays ia poetry and muſic, which are
far from beingcontemprible, feem to indicate.
From the ſoftneſs and effeminacy of cheir mu .
fic, it might be interred , that thefe people are not
very warlike; but if we may judge from fome of
their maxims, ebey are far from being pufillani
mous , “ Can any thing," they fay , “ be more
daftardly, than to kill aman before you approach
him acar enough to be diſtinguiſhed ” Heace
shey never attack an enenny till they come with
in the length of their lances, and then, retiring to
a proper diſtance, throw them or foot their ar
Toms with ſurpriſing dexterity. They fight chief.
ly on horfeback with hors ftirrups, and by rail
ing themſelves haigla in the ſaddle, Arike with
 ( 56 )
great force. They never draw up their cavalry
in long lines and extended wings , but ia ſmall
detached ( quadrons, by which means they are leſs
liable to be broke or thrown into confuſion and
when ſuch an accident happens, are more eaſily
formed .
The cruel oppreffons which che Moors of Teno
is futter under the tyrannical government of Al
giers, have greatly contribúced io their degener
acy ; and a more abjeet coadition than theirs can
ſcarcely be conceived .
Can we imagine a Stuation more adapted to
depreſs the human miad, or render man com
pletely miſerable ? But it is far from producing
theſe effects : from their unparralleled patience
under theſe various kinds of whac ochers would
efteem che greateft wretchedneſs, they enjoy &
solerable hare of happinefs.
On ſeeing a number of theſe Moors ficciag aė
the doors of cheir wretched cots, half naked,
fome ſmokeing and selling merry tales, others
ſinging or dancing, one would conclude them to
be a happy, though a lazy people.
There are but few Turks in Tenis, chey are
a wretched crew of indigent, ragged, chevich fel.
lows. Theſe wretches being furniſhed with a gun
a ſword, and other arms, are incorporated into
ſome regiment, and ſoon obrain a vote and ſhare
in the government , and from that ficuation are
saiſed from one poſt co another, till they obtain
thoſe of admiral, vizier, and even bey. The
Turks treat their Daves very barbaroully, at night
chey confine them in dungeons and in the day
time compel them to coil in chains , and frequenta
ly allowing them only a little bread and water.
 ( 57 )
Having in the preceding pages minutely de
fcribed the manners and cuſtoms of the Moors,
who are the principal inhabitants of Tenis, 1
Shall now proceed to give a more particular ac
count of my own ſufferings while among them.
My Turkiſh mafter having compleced his bua
Gaels, after a few moments converſation with his
ſon, by whom I had been guarded, commanded
me co ariſe and follow him . I was conducted
through ſeveral filthy lanes and alleys, which led
to the habitación of my new maſter the houſe
was large and commodious buc aoc elegante
was the poftelor of between 40 and go chriſtian
naves, all of whom , except ten, were Portoguele,
Aine of the laccer were Napoleans, and one a na
tive of England. I was indeed extremely for
ry so find one of my own countrymen in as de
plorable condition as myſelf, yet in him I found
a real and valuable friend, and without the aid
and affiftance of whom, I hould in all proba
bility at this moment have been fill held in bita
ter capiivity .
My unfortunate friend (whoſe name was Mala
come, and who had been five years in captiviry )
informed me that our maſter was grand Viezer of
the city, and a great favorite of the then réigat
ing Bey of Algiers--- chac he was a blood.thirſty,
cruel and inhumao monſter, who, to his knowl .
edge had puc ſeveral of his llaves to deach for no
greater faulc than that of complaining of indifpo .
lition, and an inability (@ - perform their daily
talks.
He megtioned ſeveral inſtances wherein he had
been molt unmercifully cortured for attempting
to communicate information of his captivity , to
H
3
 rigol
the Engliſh Conſul, ai Algiers - his nails had
been corn from his fingers and toes, and his
whole body lacerated in a manner , not to be de
Icribed. I could not diſcover one among the
whole number of llaves claimed by the tyrant,
but what wore ſome indelible mark of his leveri .
ty. Some had loſt a limb, fome an eye, and och
ers che Dails of their fingers and roes ! To me,
this was indeed a ſhocking ſpectacle !- ( gave
me to underſtand what kind of treatment I ſhould
myſelf receive if ſo unfortunate as to incur the
diſpleafure of the wretch.
Soon after my arrival I was divefted of my
cloathing and preſented with a fuit like thoſe worn
by the other captives ; I was then conducted in
to an adjoining our houſe, which proved to be
the cookery houſe, where the victuals for the
flaves was daily prepared . On my firſt entrance
I was much pleaſed to witneſs a number of my
own ſex employed, and who I judged by their.
dreſs and appearance were captives ; I could not
but Aatter myſelf with the fond hope that I ſhould
find ſome one among them with whom I fhould
be enabled to converſe, but this food hope was
of but ſhort duration, for I foon found that, als
though llaves, they were all natives of Portugal,
and wholly unacquainted with the Engliſh lan
guage.
As loon as I entered I was ordered to proceed
immediately to buſineſs we had placed over us
as overleer, a woman , who if poſsible, furpallid
her employer in acts of barbarity ! fhe was a na.
tive of Morocco, and ſeemed to glory is having
it in her power to corture and corment us by ev
ery means and in every way that her inveRCIVE

I
 6:59 )
faculties could give birth to . Thewretch would
aot unfrequently compel us for the leaſt offence
to ſtrip ourſelves naked , and then ſtand for a give
en number of minutes within a few feet of a blaze
ing firelmat other times the would throw hot
embers and coals of fire into our belom, and
chocking as it may appear, ſhe in my preſence
deprived of life a poor unfortunate girl by ſtrew
ing her paked body with hot rice Under the
controul of luch a governeſs, my readers will ac
kaowledge that my fituacion muſt have been cru
by wretched - bui, alas ! we were ſlaves ! and to
a barbarous and unprincipled monſter, deprived
of our liberties, and compelled like beaſts of bure
den to soil from morn to nighe !-- Our sighs and
cears availed nothing, they were only produtive
of ſtripes !chere were but few among our num
ber but would rather have cholea death than life.
Confined and employed with the other Naves,
in cooking, &c. as before mentioned, nothing
worthy of record took place until about 13 months
from the time of my capcure , when the chunder
ing of cannon announced the approach of an e
vent of no little magnitude. About 3 o'clock,
P. M. orders were received from the grand Vi .
zer (our maſter) for us to repair as soon as poſe
fible co a fortificacion at the harbour's mouth, on
arriving at which, we diſcovered the cauſe of
che alarm - he Napoleons with a well manned
Acer of gun- boats, &c. had commenced a free
mendous cannonade on the city, and we were ore
dered here for the purpoſe of conveying ammu.
nition to the beſieged , trom the magazine, a bu .
fineis always allocced female caprives in ime of
action. Ac half paft 7 A. M. the cannonade
 t( 6o
becameterrible, while al was buftle and comique
fon among the befieged , they diſcharged fome
few Cannon againſt their arailants, but without
doing apparent injury.--Aca P. M. the firing
ceaſed but at 4 it again commenced, when red hot
balls were thrown into the city, and with ſo good
effect, chat in a few moments the cable cogecher
with moſt of the poblic buildings were ſec ca
fire, and the greateſt part of the city reduced to
alhes & the fiain and wounded were immente. I
was ac this moment employed as I had been dur
ing the whole liege in furniſhing the Algerines
with powder, yet I could have a fair view of what
was going on, and was not a liccle pleaſed to lee
many of tha: barbarous nation made to bite the
duſt !
The Napoleons having expended all their pow .
der, and probably feeling facisfied with the inju
ry they had done their enemies, failed out of the
harbour in triumph at ſun-riſe the ſucceeding
mornings orders were immediately thereupoo if
ſued for the pr ſoners ( who had been employed
in defence of the city ) to affemble and afilt in
removing the rubbiſa and is burying the dead .
-Heavens I what a ſcene preſeated to view ! the
ſtreets ſtrewed with the dead and dying ! On
whatever fide I turned my eyes , my actencion was
attracted by mangled bodies and decached limbs,
bleeding afreſh.Among a number of captives
employed in burying the dead, I thought I re
cognized iny unfertunate huſband, but dare not
approach bim , as my matter kepe a watchful eye
The bufineſs allotted the female captives, was
te ftrip the dead , after which they were thrown
 ( 61 )
into waggons and drawn of by the male captives,
80 what place I could never learn . The wound
ed were carried on the thoulders of captives to
the hoſpicals, where they were viſited by the Ca.
di, and preſented with fix dollars each .
After the buſtle and coatugon had a little ſub
fided, we were again ordered to our place of con
finement and labour, from whence we had been
zaken, we had not however been long here be
fore we were again arouſed by the diſcharge of
tanaon , and bearing of the raritoo, a cuſtomary
fignal for the ſlaves co aferable. I was at ihis
moment that Icould plainly perceive a fuddea
change of countenance in my fellow capri cs,
thoſe in an eſpecial manner who had beea long
in captivity. Our governeſs hurried us off ag
quick as poffible to the caſtle, at the door of
which were aſſembled (as I judged) nearly 1000
people, and the captives were then continually
fucking in about 3 P. M. orders were given
by che grand Vizier (my maſter ) for the forming
a proceffion, and it was at this moment cbar I
learned the cauſe of our affembling - Cappear
ed that daring the late action a caprive belong
ing to the Cadi, had made an attempt to eſcape,
by ſwimming to one of the enemy's boars,
but was oblerved, purſued and retaken, The
affair lo exalperating che Cadi, chat he gave or
ders for his immediate execution . For the in
fornsation of the reader, it may be well to men.
cion, that on all ſuch like oceagons, it is ever
cuſtomary for the captives to attend, generally,
ſcenes of
that they may be eye witneffes to thoſe
favage torture, indided by the barbarians on ſuch
as attempt an efeage, in order to decer them froma
masing alike astempe - this is cuſtomary through
out all Barbarv .
About 4 P. M. a proceflion was formed , which
moved to the place of execution in the following
order , viz - he grand Vizier in front, mounted
on a Buffaloe, on his right and left Gx Marabouts
preceded by his Mamalukes, the latter attend
him on ſuch like occafions to guard his perfon,
while the former ever accompany him to protect
him from the powers of internal fpirits, for ſo
credulous is he, that he doubes not but they are
veíted with power to do any thing --- next in luca
ceflion followed a body of Turks, about 150 in
number, armed with Ipears, ( cymeters and carta,
and next followed the unhappy caprive,pinioned
and mounted on a Jack Ass, with his back toe
ward the animal's head ; the ſpectators and prile
oners brought up the rear. Ac halt paft 5 we
arrived at the fatal (poc where the poor unfortun
ate captive was to ſuffer, we were ordered to forma
a ſemi- circle around the machine of torture ,
which bore the reſemblance of a Diccing mill, and
when in motion , was fo conſtructed as to cut the
wretched victim into as {mall pieces as one's lic.
tle finger.
The grand Vizier diſmounted and aſcended a
lofty ſtage, a Itation always prepared for him on
fuch occafions, and from which he gave orders
for his executioners (three barbarous looking
Turks) to bring forward the unhappy victim , as
Che Taine cime com nanding filence. The poor
fellow was inftantiy ditmounted and led up to
the accuried machine ; he was next ſtripped and
his body wahed by the Marabouts with a liquid
49 black as ini , abia shey do to prevent chrifa
+

diaos gaining admiflion among the ſaints of Man

homet, as they perfuade their maſter that with
the body , the ſoul is alſo coloured ! The execuo
tioners were now ordered to perform their dury !
one of them approaching the priſoner , threw him
upon his back , and theo pinioned him hand and
foot ; a cord about the bigoels of a perſon's
thumb was nexe made faſt to his left leg, a little
above the ancle bone, with which by means of
a windleſs, he was drawn to the fatal fheart,
which at the very moment were fec in motion,
Aicing his left foot and leg in pieces of leſs than
half an ounce weighe !-- Gracious God ! a ſcene
like this, was too much for buman eyes to wita
neſs I a view of which, I was enabled thank
heaven to prevent , by clofing my eyes ; bu ', a.
las ! I could not cloſe my ears againft the ſhrieks
and heare piercing cries of the unhappy ſufferer !
enthank heaven , the pains of death , of torment,
were of buc Thort indurance, for locking to re
late, in leſs than fix minutes , there was not a
piece of the unhappy fafferer to be found of the
bigneſs of a dollar, there appeared nothing of
him but a maſs of goared desh cut into a thou
fand pieces .
When theſe favage monſters had fufficiently
glotted themſelves with the blood of their vic
sin , orders were given for the reforming of the
prooefifion, which was immediately done, we re.
iuraing in the ſame manner as we came, my maſe
ser riding in front brandiſhing bis fcymerer, the
point of which, the callous hearted wretch had
taken pains to ftain with the blood of the mure
dered captive, as a token af triumph i
I was on my return again committed to the
charge of my unprincipled govecaeſs, and by
whom I was immediately re- conducted to the houſe
of confinement and labour from which I had
been caken. la chis dreary abode I much ex
pected to ſpend the remainder of my days, yes
bope, che ſoothing balm of life, would come.
times revive my drooping ſpiricsche plealing
anticipacion of once more gaining my liberty,
would forgetimes afford moments of imaginary,
plealure.
After à cloſe confinement of nearly three years,
I was one evening viſited by my maſter, who was
accompanied by my friend Malcome-: -the larter
had been searly eight years in captivity, and had
learned to ſpeak the language of the country ex
tremely well, and many times proved ſerviceable
to his maſter as an interpreter. Happily for me,
this man was my friend he could converſe with
me in preſence of his maſter upon any ſubject with
ſafety, as the Vizier underſtood noc a word o
Engliſh . He informed me chac his maſter pre
tended to harbour an unuſual degree of love for
me, and through fear of being betrayed and
puniſhed agreeable to che lawsof the country,
ſhould he attempt by forcible means to gratify
a luſtful paflion, he had commanded him to fo
licit my compliance, and to inform me that if I
would willingly conſent to indulge him in what
he ſhould requeſt, he would extend to me the
fame liberty which his wives (or concubines )
enjoyed -but, continued my friend Malcome,
fear røt, do not be terrified at his chrears ; he
will no doubt do every thing in his power to
compelyou to comply with his requeſt, buc
Aowld be actempt any ſuch thing againt your
 .
was held in preſence of my rufaa malter, to
mhom my friend was to interpret my antwer;
which de informed me he did in the following
words V2 :-hat I would never conſent to grate
ify him in his unlawful requeſt, 1816 would be
in direct violation of the laws of my God and
my country,
The villian, after brow beating me for this
unexpected reply, defred Malcome to inform me
that he would give me a day to conlider on it,
but if I ikould then refule, he would adopt ſuch
plan as ſhould foon make me repene of my fol.
ly - laying this, he left me, thani's heaven indued
with that forcicudes that I had reſolved ſooner so
die, chan to ſubmit to his curied propoſals,
Early the ſucceeding morning I was again cale
led upon by my maſter, accompanied by my
friend Malcome, through whom enquiry was
made whether I had concluded to comply with
his Propoſal, my anſwer, as interpreted by my
Friend , was no I will ſooner fuffer dearhi",
This was an anſwer as dilpleaſing as it was
unexpected to the tyranche became now like a
mad.man, dawing his dirk, he threatened me
wiib inſtant deach, uoleſs I would immediately
comply with his requeſt ; bur finding that I kill
perfilled in my determinacion, he left me, fwear
ing that my obftinacy ſhould yet coft me my life !
all was interpreted
thisretired
8 ! he to me by my friend, who,
, cold methat
:
in his power to protect me from the violence of
she wretch,
The plan sexe purſued by my maſter so ac
compliſh bjs wilhes, was, to repreſent me so his
1
 ( 66 )
friend, the Bey, as a perſon feat into the country
so conſpire againſt the government! This plan,
in part, had its defined effect, for no íconer was
che Bey informed of this, than he ordered me to
be conveyed immediatly to Serfel ( lituated with
in a few miles of the city of Algiers ) there co be
confined ( in itons) in da aparıment of an ole
caſtle .
The room in which I was confined was built
of rough ftone, and the walls were about 8 feet
in depth, it contained but one ſmalt window ,
with iarge iron gracings, and which afforded ſo
little light that I could hardly diſcern an object
ſix feet from me. My furniture conlitted of a
three legged ftool and a gallon ſtone jug , which
was occaſionally filled with ſtinking water.
On the ſecond day of my confinemen !, a ſmith
entered my apartment with a hammar and chains
in abundance, which, alas, I 100 foon found were
to be attached to my body an enormous cola
lar was put round my neck, and apothe: Aill
larger round my wafte , co both of which was at
tached a large iron chain, the end of which was
ſecured by a ring in the wall. This ring was
five feet from the ground , and only allowed me
to Gt down on the ſtool before mentioned
In this ficuarion they left me, helpleſs and
wretched, preyed on by all the corture of thought,
that continually ſuggeſted the moſt gloomy, che
moſt dreadful images. My fortitude after tome
time, began to revive ; I glowed with the degre
of convicciog the woild I was capable of ſuffera
ing what man bad oever ſuffered before. Often
did I refled how much happier I was in inno
cence, chaa che malefactor doomed to fuffer the
 ( 67 )
pangs of death, the ignoming of men, and the
horrors of internal guilt.
The enormous iron round my neck pained me,
and prevented molion . The chains that deſcend
ed from the neck collar were obliged to be fup
ported firſt with one hand, and then with the oth
er, for, it thrown behind, they would have ſtran
gled me, and , if hanging forwards, occali ne
moſt exceffive headachs. The little flep I could
have in such a ſituation may esfily be fuppoſed,
and ar length body and mind funk under this ac
cumulation of miſerable ſuffering, and I fell ill of
a burning fever, Reaſon , fortitude, heroiſm , all
che noble qualities of the mind, decay when the
corporal faculties are diſeaſed, and the remem .
hrance of my fufferings, at this dreadful moment,
& ill agitares, Atill ichimes my blood, to as almoſt
so preveni an attempt to defcribe what they were.
Yec hope had not totally forlaken me. Deliver .
ance feemed poſſible, eſpecially ſhould the Conſul
learn my fruat on ,
I conunucd ill about two months, and was so
reduced at lal, that I had ſcarcely ſtrength to life
the water jog to my mouth . What muſt the ſufe
ferings of a female be who is confined in a duo .
geoo lo damp, ſo dark, ſo horrible, without bed or
ftraw , her limbs loaded as mine were , with no re.
fre la ment but dry mouldy bread,without ſo much
as a drop of broth , without a conſoling friend,
and who under all theſe afil ctions, cruft for her
recovery to the efforts of nature alone !
Sicknels itſelf is fufficient to humble the might .
eft mind ; what then is fickneſs with ſuch addi.
tion of corment ? The burning fever,the violent
headachs, my neck, ſwelled and en famed with the
 trong, enraged me almoſt to madnefi. The fever
and the fetters cogether fead my body ſo that iç
appeared 1 : ke one continued wound. Yet can it
be ſupposed I chere came a day ! a day of horror,
when theſe mortal pangs were increaſed !- lae
corched with this intolerable fever, in which aa
Lure and death were contending, and when ata
tempting to quench my burning entrails with cold
water, the jug dropped from my enfeebled hands
and broke ! I had four and twenty hours to re
main without water.
Qn my attendants vifiting me the next day,
they fuppoſed me dead , as I lay motionleſs with
my tongue out of my mouth. They, poured wa.
ter down my throat, and found life .
Gracious God I How pure, how delicious,how
exquiſire, was this water ! My inſatiable thirft
foon emptied the jug : they filled ic anew, bade 1
1 me farewell, hoped death would ſoon relieve my
mortal ſufferings, and departed .
Three days had paffed before I could again eat
a morfel of bread . The irogs every where round
my body, and their weight was in ſupportable
por could I imagine it was poſſible I ſhould hao
bituate myſelf to them, or endure them long c.
nough to exprêt deliverance. A thouſand rea.
fons convinced me it was neceflary to end my lufa
teringe . I hall not enter into theological diſa
putes : let thoſe who blame me imagine themſelves
in my fituation ; or rather firſt lec chem actually
endure my mileries , and then ler them reaſon .
What ftrange thing is that called happine!!
How fall I expreſs my extreme joy , when altern
cieven months intolerable bonger, I was indulged
with a ſweet Joat of bread free from mould ? The

AL
 ( 69 )
fond lover never rufhed more eagerly to the arms
of his bride , the famifhed tiger more ravenouſly
on his prey than I upon this loaf , I cat, refted,
furveyed the precious morſel, eat again , and als .
ſolutely ſhed tears of pleaſure.
Oh Nature I what delight has thou combined
with the gratification at thy wants ! remember
this ye who rack invention to excite appetite,and
whicla yet you cannot procure ; remember how
fimple are ihe means that will give a cruft of
mouldy bread a flavour more exquiſite thanall the
ſpices of the eaft, or all the profufioa of land or
$ca y temember this,grow hangry , and indulge
your ſenſuality.
Alas I my enjoyment was of ſhortduration. I
foon found chac excels is followed by pain and re
pentance. My falting had weakened digeſtion,
and rendered it in a &tive. My body ſwelled, my
water jug was empried, cramps, cholics, and, at
length, inordinate thirſt racked me all the night:
I began co pour curſes on thoſe who ſeemed to
refiae on torture, and, after ſtarving me to long
to invite me so gluttony. Could I got have ſeat.
ed myſelf on my beach, and inclined my back a.
gaiaſt the wall of my dungeon, I hould indeed
have been driven co deſperation ; vet even this was
bu: a parcial relief. When my attendants open
ed my dungeon, they found me in a cruly pitiful
fervation, wondered a my appetite, brought me
another loafs I refuſed to accepe ir, believing I
thould never more have occafon for bread ; they
however left it with me, gave me water, Ihrugged
up their ſhoulders, and left me.
God of omnipotence ) what was I at this mo
Men 1 Was there, God af mercies was there
 ( 40 )
ever creature of thine more juft fied than I in def.
pair !- The moon ſhone clear ; I caſt a wild diſ
tracted leok up to heaven, fell on my knees, and,
in ihe agony of my ſoul, fought comfort but no
comfort could be found, nor religion,nor philoſo .
phy had any to give.I curfed not Providence,
1 teared not annihilation, I dared Dot Almighty
vengeance : God the Creator was the diſpoſer of
my fate ; and it he heaped actions upon me he
had not given me ſtrength to lupport, his juſtice
would not therefore pun lh me.
Early one morning I heard the doors of my
dungeon unbarringeibe doors of diy dungeon
for ine laſt time relounded ! gentleman clad
in a chriftian babic accompanied by the keeper,
entered - joy beamed upon his countenance
was the Engliſh Conſul-" I have come madana
(laid be ) o liberate you from unjoft and cruel
bund- ge !"-Heavens, what joy did I feel on the
occaſion was a long time before I could be
convinced of the truth of whac he told me, nor
could I believe it until a fmich was ſent for to
kocck off my irons.
I was now re conducted out of the dark and
diſmal dungeon, in which I had been cloſely con
fineu for three years. It appeared that my friend
Malcome, in the abſence of his maſter, had been
tavoured with an opportunity to elcape, which
he improved and arrived in latety at Algiers ;
here be found the Engliſh Conſul, and to him re
Jated the particulars of his caprivity , and inform
ed bim of my wretched ficuation, and the prin .
cipal cause of my unjuſt imprilonment. The
Conful, accompanied by the informant, imme
diately waited upon the Bey, and made a demand
 ( 71 )
ofme as one of his Briccanic Majeſty's fubje &tse
vinjuftly and unlawfully held in captivity , The
Bey at firſt difcredited the ftory of Malcome, and
feemed confirmed in the belief that I had been
ſent into the country for fome treaſonable pur 1

poſe, but en being affured by the Conful that he

would leave ihe country within twenty -four hours
if I was not immediately releaſed , the Bey con
fented to deliver me up.
The Conful conducted himſelf with a great
deal of humanity towards me, he procured for
me a fuis of cloaches of which I was very much
in want, and promiſed to procure me a paffage
to England as toon as polibetacquainted him
with the misfortunes of my huſband and thoſe
who were ſaved from the ſhip, but was unable to
inform him what had become of them fince I 7
parted with chem at the market houle - he in
formed me that he would do all in his power to
learn their fate , and if ſtill living , he would pro
cure their releaſe immediately, but, added he, as
it is not at the preſent momeac convenient for me
to go in ſearch of them, and your health being
much impaired by long confinement, you had. I
think better embrace the fi. it opportunity to re
Cura to your friends I thanked him for his friend
ly advice as well as for the many ſervices he hack,
tendered me and told him that I would do what
ever he ſhould think for the beſt. Accordingly,
on the ſixth day after my liberation, I once more
embarked to viſit my native country, with a view
of which , after a tedious peffage of 45 days, my
eyes were once more regaled.
As ſoon as I landed a carriage was procured for
me at the expence of the captain, to convey me

je
C
 ( 7 )
o the dwelling of my parents.-- Abou: fua - fei
I arrived , my aged lacher met me at the door.
mry led ca and unexpected arrival was 109 nuch
for him , he fainted ( Here it may be neceffary
form the reader, that as myfriends had ner ,
Er received any news of the veſſel or crew, shey
had concluded that we had all long fince been bur
ried in the deep ;
Although providencially reftored to my friends,
ai for une ini ditappointment leemed yet to
makro as their own !....I had been fare: ne
myleli wirb the fond hope that on my arrival,
ſhould be ſo fortunaté as co meet with my me
band , whom I filauered-wytett mighe haie pofii
bly elcaped, but no news of him had been receive
ed ſince his departure. But, with whae pleaſure
do I chole this melancholly relacion of my fufiere
1789, t ; adding: chai fix months after my arrival,
y hubad arrived, and apparently god
4. mibody, baving cbtained his liberouge
te duence of the Brisidh Conſul,

dan2
Inter which the offers were
For young teenkant
‫هو مهم‬ ‫سید یا نه مه و‬ ‫یا نیمه متمر‬
15
194
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Ferie

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Princeton University Library

32101 060186325