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RESUME : SUMMARY:
Introduction : La consommation de substances psychoactives est Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is increasing in
en augmentation au Maroc, et dans le monde, avec parfois de graves Morocco, and in the world, sometimes with serious somatic,
conséquences somatiques, psychiatriques et sociales, nécessitant psychiatric and social consequences, thus requiring adequate
ainsi des instruments adéquats pour l’évaluation de l’addiction. instruments for the evaluation of addiction. The objective of this
L'objectif de ce travail est de repérer les instruments les plus work is to identify the most appropriate instruments to assess
appropriés pour évaluer les comportements addictifs liés à la addictive behaviors related to the use of alcohol, drugs and cannabis
consommation d'alcool, de drogues et de cannabis dans notre in our Moroccan context, in order to facilitate the comparison of
contexte marocain, afin de faciliter la comparaison des problèmes addiction problems.
d'addiction. Methods: We carried out bibliographical research concerning the
Méthodes : Nous avons effectué une recherche bibliographique various tools of measurement of the use of psychoactive substances
concernant les différents outils de mesure de l’usage des substances on PubMed, Science direct, Google Scholar, were retained the
psychoactives sur PubMed, Science directe, Google Scholar ,ont été questionnaires specific to the use of substances, validated in
retenus les questionnaires spécifiques à l’usage de substances, adolescent and/or adult populations, resulting from scientific articles
validés en populations adolescentes et/ou adultes, issus d’articles in English or French, relating to the evaluation of the use of alcohol,
scientifiques en langues anglaise ou française, portant sur drugs and cannabis.
l'évaluation de l'usage d’alcool, drogues et de cannabis. Results: Of the 120 articles identified, 67 were selected for a full
Résultats : Sur les 120 articles identifiés, 67 ont été sélectionnés reading. After this reading, 53 were retained because they met the
pour une lecture complète. Après cette lecture, 53 ont été retenus car research question and the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
ils répondaient à la question de recherche et aux critères d'inclusion Among the eleven selected instruments, only three of them are
et d'exclusion prédéfinis. Parmi les onze instruments sélectionnés, validated in Arabic language and present better psychometric
seuls trois d'entre eux sont validés en langue arabe et présentent de qualities, namely the MINI which allows to explore the dependence
meilleures qualités psychométriques à savoir : le MINI qui permet to alcohol and drugs (Kappa coefficient: 0.89 alcohol, 0.91 drugs,
d'explorer la dépendance a l'alcool et aux drogues (coefficient de sensitivity between 82%,85% specificity of 100%, PPV100
Kappa : 0.89 alcool, 0.91 drogue, sensibilité entre 82%,85% %NPV98%), The AUDIT explores alcohol dependence with
spécificité de 100%, VPP 100 %VPN 98%), L’AUDIT explore la αCronbach = 0.978 and the DUDIT to explore drug dependence with
dépendance à l'alcool avec αCronbach = 0,978 et le DUDIT pour αCronbach = 0.95.
explorer la dépendance aux drogues avec αCronbach = 0,95. Conclusion: The usefulness of scales for the evaluation of
Conclusion : L'utilité des échelles pour l'évaluation de l'usage problematic use of psychoactive substances is widely recognized, so
problématique de substances psychoactives est largement reconnue, according to this bibliographic synthesis we recommend in our Arab
de ce fait d’après cette synthèse bibliographique nous context the use of tools available in Arabic language namely: MINI,
recommandons dans notre contexte arabe l'utilisation des outils AUDIT, DUDIT.
disponibles en langue arabe à savoir : MINI, AUDIT, DUDIT.
Mots-clés : Addiction, échelle de mesure, alcool, drogue, cannabis Key words: Addiction, measurement scale, alcohol, drug, cannabis
Tableau I : Synthèse des caractères des différents outils d’évaluation de l’addiction de drogue d’alcool et de cannabis
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