SCOfIDIO

fREDERIC MIGAYROU

Visite aux armies:

Jock' to tl,e iron.#,:To

- ..
•

t_...~~ C - lrASSE-NORMANDIE
•
 En arrivant sur Omaha Beach, chacun recherche les traces, les stig-
mates d'un combat donl on sail qu'il elait impossi-
le seers/JI
d'Omobo
mr:s1110il
sixX.ifomeu~s.
{t 011
bc11t
dr:q~•(J•
ble, les corps projetes a l'avant d'une inlrangible ltehevresdelvtre,des,~ruamier
doio
b/esslsi•Mhoisnl
onovl.lwismi/lemMsel
celleil,oileb,.d, da"bl, el de
ligne de leu. Mais la plage a retrouve ses droits de w1is'Slendoil
golets enrrelo meret locOl6.Unmo-11ouM
bline g,a•·erous/esdev.rmSlm,.rvrsir kilomtlrns
delc,ng.
villegiature populaire, le bard de mer morcele PoulCcrell,
lls Arrivenl,Sie Kommen,
Idlollont,
1961.p. m.
d'enclos ou cohabitent cabanes et caravanes. Outre
C,ll,.i/le-,01-,\ler
• 360!obilonl,.Gure aSaini!"""• I li/,-
l'epave de quelques bunkers, !'implantation de m8tre.posled Viervil!e.
(o/Je'iifle
tst 1mepelirestario11bo!·
ntrzite
noiHonle,oppeleeovp!11s bsloveni,.Weeslsitu~e
quelques monuments, ii n'y a rien, et seul le par-
donsvndeficievx vol/on
Q1Jis'eter.d
;usqu'dtame1. ... lo mo,ee
cours de !'ensemble des sites permet d'avoir un b,meo dero11ver,dsgrondes elerid11H
desob/a fo,·orab!esd /11
pe,heOU/,n1on,1 •• pelilpoi«on,c,11,~11,,c'esr1,pelit
aper<;u de ce qui a d' abord ete I' evenement d'un ltooposcberporex<ellerice,ony 1,oui·eenwre desteuoiris
poorboli,bje17
siru~5.
jour. Qu'en est-ii de l'histoire du debarquement? De Guidedu lourlslt donsle (olvados, 1913.
multiples publications ressassenl a loisir le recit,
!'avant et l'apres, description inlinie des materiels, du listing des operations, des
accidents lies au debarquement lui-meme, a !'engagement sur le territoire. Mais
linalement enlre la pure description, presque mecanique, et l'elfet litteraire qui
tend a subjecliver l'evenement en un recit a facettes, regard suppose des dil-
ferents acteurs de la situation, rien n'est dit de eel obiet ou l'histoire semble se
perdre, rien n'est dit de ce contact ou le temps echappe a toute definition, ou le

One a1-.-h•esat Omaha Beach an<l one looks for the traces, the stigmata,
of an impossible battle in "·hich bodies were hurled TheOm,ho mlor •·o, /o,1 milas/,eg.Andoft,1 fovrheullof
fighriog,the"'Y fill! orrork,threethovs,nd dead'"d wcur.i·
into an uncrossable line of fi,·e. But the beach has edol!eody Joystrewnalong1Ms noffO't.'sldpof sand011d
p~b-
b.'esfyi()gbetweenthese11 cridthr,cq.osr. Someone deedor
staked its claim to popular ,·acation culture: the s.s,iousfywovnded e·mvsixfeet,fo1fov,milu.
PoulCorell, lls Arri,e,I, Sie Kommen [lley're
seashore is now parceled out into small strips where
Coming), Lotton!,
196S,p. Ill.
cabanas an<l mobile homes abound. Except for the
C.ol!eri!le·Jt1!·,Har-,wpv!oti0t1-360. Koi/r,·ay
sloJic,notSt.
wrecked hulks of a few bunkers and the installation of lovre.ril,
tn·o-lhirds ofa mileow:w.P~1, affkeot Vi~rv.i/fe.
is o smallb111ge-0nil'lg
( o!Je~·ii/e seaside reso1t, 1,·ilh
a b1ight
the odd momm1ent, there is nothing to suggest the follJleahead ofit, II liesnestled ino charmirigvoll~rwhich
11J11S lo lire sea.... A1lh e lide etbsii UliCD'WS
do,i,•n ·,dCe
significance of "·hat occurred here in one momentous ,xpoo,es ofsood,id10llorfalingfo1s,nde,I ood,roof/fry.
day. And what about the history of the Landings? A is the pedeaflrrlebideo~·ov,
(o/Je;,i!/e 16.JSOf!cMt oitc.ed.
Hue
)"OUamsrt!lfii?d wefl·sitvaredbtrildirig
Jo1s.
host of publications repetili\'el)' sift through the Guidedulourlslt donsle (ol,odos [(olvodoslouriSI
Guide),1913.
..,__ beforc-s and the afters, with endless descriptions of
military hardware, schedules of operations, incidents connected with the Landings
and with the land battle. But in the end, between the pure, almost mechanical
description, and the literary effect that tends to subjecti,·ize the e,·ent into a multi-
faceted narrath·e, assuming the points of ,·iew of the ,·arious players iowoh·ed,
nothing is said about this object in which history seems to vanish. Nor is anything
said about this moment of contact in which time eludes all definition, an<l where

164 161
 ritEDillC MIGAYltOU

recit se heurte 6 ce point zero, l'evenement. lei, plus qu'ailleurs, l'economie de de des, entierement concentre lo decision sur un ordre tactique Foute d'avoir
lo restitution historique se distribue en deux ordres, l'un orcheologique ou l'on prise sur une gestion territoriole du canllit. Le deborquement s'est constitue
n'en finit pas d'exhumer des restes, elements rouilles, frogments maladroitement comme un foire·evenement dons so preparation, enorme entreprise industrielle
reconstitues de la museographie spontanee, l'aulre, historiciste ou l'on recons- oussi bien du cote Allie que du cote ollemond, sedimentation du temps en mil-
truit une fiction courte, obordable par le touriste, de ce qui doit se saisir lions d'heures de travail, repetition 6 l'inlini des toches, opprentissoge des
comme un moment universe!. II n'y aura it d' autre choix que celui de lo conserva· procedures, minutieuse plonilicotion de l'operotion orticulee outour d'un
lion ou du memorial. Celle histoire, nourrie soil d'objets, soil de documents, moment obstroit, vide, l'heure·H, ce non-temps qui semble obliterer l'Histoire.
elude toute question sur le temps, paradoxe pour un evenement si delimite, si Ce qui reste recurrent 6 tout discours historique, c'est lo mise en place d'une
bien specilie, elle efface ce qui juridiquement et politiquement etablit le debar· strotegie d'inscription, d'un systeme normotif qui permet d'organiser, de hieror-
quement comme un fail d'histoire, lo concentration de la decision politique sur chiser, d'etoblir une teleologie, une orientation qui traverse tout le projet
une journee, sur une heure, jour J, D-Day, heure H, impossible chronique d'un "Moderne," des logiques de codification et d'organisotion du J 7eme siecle a
temps qu'il foudrait ollonger, augmenter qualitotivement pour en loire un jour l'orientotion pure du systeme Kontien. Le jour-J est un objet theorique porce
plus long, le jour le plus long. Le "jour J" reste un non-objet pour l'histoire qu'il revele a l'oeuvre les dilferentes strategies d'historicisotion, les degres d'une
porce qu'il n'y a plus d'adequation entre lo decision et l'evenement. Le debar· restitution !endue outour d'une impossible verite du fail, mois aussi porce qu'il
quement est bien sur moitrisoble dons son developpement, ses phases, mois ii est l'envers de lo rationalisation extreme engendree por le conllit, de la cristolli-
est portage por ce moment vide, le point de contact, d'indeterminotion ou des sation to tole des societes outour de I'effort de guerre. Le deborquement est le
centoines d'hommes disparoissent dons un conllit ou se noie toute idee de domaine ultime de cette inadequotion entre un espoce et un temps entierement
moitrise, de controle territorial. l'ensemble du corps militoire o, comme un coup quadrilles par les techniques de lo guerre industrielle, et un corps qui 6 tout

the narrati,·e collides with this zero point-the c,·ent. l-lcre, more than elsewhere, no hold on any territorial management of the conflict. The Landings were 01·ga-

the economy of historical restitution is distributed into two orders. The first is
archaeological: an endless exhumation of remains, rusty bits and pieces, fragments
clumsily put together in make-shift museum displays. The second is historicist: a
short fiction, accessible to the tourist, is reconstructed about what should be
grasped as a uni\•ersal moment. There is apparently no choice other than that of
conser.,ation or that of the memorial. This history, nurtured both by objects and
documents, sidesteps any question about time. For an e,·ent that is so clearly
delimited and so well specified, that was literally, legally and politically defined in
time, a single clay and a single hour, D-Day, I I-hour this is the paradox of an
event that must be continually extended and elaborated to turn it into a longer
clay: the longest clay. D-Day remains a non-object for history because there is no
longer any correspondence between the decision and the e,·ent. Of course, the
Landings can be mastered in the way they unfolded, and in their phases, but they
arc ne,·e,·thelcss characterized by this empty mome,H, the point or cont.act and
indeterminacy when hundreds of men ,·anished in a battle in which any idea of
mastery and territorial control was thwarted. Like a throw of the dice, the military
corps as a whole focused the decision entirely on a tactical order, in so far as it had
ni~cd lik<' an e,·ent-making process: a coloss,11industrial undertaking by the ,\\lies
j and the Gc-rmans alike, a sc-dimentation of time in millions of man-hours, an end-
less rehc.wsal of tasks, an apprenticeship in procedures, a meticulously planned
operation articulated around one empty, ahstract split second, D-Day, I I-hour,
that non-ti me that seems to obliterate history. Throughout al I histodcal discourse
is the introduction of a ,u·,11cgy of inscription, a normati,·e system that helps to
organize and hierarchize and to establish a teleology and an orientation that perme-
ates the whole ''.\loclcrn" project, from 17th century codification and organintion-
,11logics to the pure orientation of the Kantian system. 0-Day is a theoretical
object hct·ause it re,·cals the ,,·orkings of the different strategics of historidntion,
and the degrees of a proces~ of restoration around an impossible factual truth. It is
also a theoretical object because il is the re,·erse or the ('xtremc rationalintion
c-ngendcrcd by conflict, the rc-n,rsc of the total crystallization of societies a,·ound
the war effort. The Landings are the ultimate domain of this no,~-c·orrespondcncc
between a space and a time completely gridded b~· the technique_s of inclustrial war-
forl", and a body ,vhich, at ~ny given n10111c-nt, secs its place and its positioning o,·er-
laid by a function and a learned technology of gestures, reproduced ad inllnitum,

tU 167
 FR[O(RI{ MIGAYROU

moment voit so place, son positionnement recouvert par une fonction, une ges- tout ce qui produit le chomp social est exploite dons un paroxysme de lo
tique apprise, reproduite a l'infini qui visoit a regogner ou a defendre l'espoce destruction. C'est bien le credo moderne qui se retourne en une apocalypse qui
rotionnel. Le "Landing" prend lo forme d'une inscription impossible ou le corps voudroit evocuer ce moteriou trop inerte, l'homme. Pourtant, contre toute une
perd toute voleur incidente dons lo moitrise territoriole. II tradition de pensee ou se rejoignent aussi bien M. Heidegger que le J.
o\Oulilloligu,edusoldol,
ApalliROiie ii I, bouule
don,le
,onHili1nqu'tl
effo,erlouledis1once
OYe(l'evenemenl,
ro y retrouve un abandon, une outonomie, une disponibilite
guerre dfploieledomoine dupoitique,ellesemoterioli!e
Hobermos de La fechnique comme science el ideologie, ou bien J.·F. lyotord, ii
,omme unepumonente re<o11ducllon
dumoin1enanl. Le ou ii devient une ressource, copacite a penser so multi- semble que l'occomplissement symbolique du second conflit mondial, le 6 juin
poeme dnien1olonunogencement d'tdots,mulliplidlis
de
•iiyo◄, "slmulroniilis'
pourreprendrerestilresdeslex1es. dimensionnalite, corps etendu, point elementoire d'une 1944, introduit une articulation differente entre le corps et les ordres ouverts par
Ap<1llinoi1e
nl blrnecila 1e1e,
son<ileb,ebandeau 1emMe
e1rel'enbleme de<e<orps ougmentt,de<elle<opocittci
sortie de l'espace rationnel. Ce corps fugitif, qui l'ingenierie, une articulation qui ne peut plus etre pensee en termes de referen-
peruer le:simuhone,<eluidestobleoux
detoberlDelcunay echoppe au cadre du conflit et n'est pas encore le corps
oU5e<onfondenl dilferen/es dutemps,
dimensions 1enonce- tialite. Cet abandon, cette perte d'identite d'un corps mointenont sons referent
me111Olodisloricesubjedlvedesdemiplior1s. inerte, le corps mort, s'orgonise dons lo duree, premiere est oussi l'ovenement d'une outonomie, question inougurole qui revient comme
effroction contre lo ratio, echoppatoire a la
Tant d'explosifs sur le
point VIF! mesure vitruvienne qui entretenoit l'homo-
un echo pour nous, contemporoins;
comment penser, mointenont,
comment penser la singularite
le singulier. II ne s'agit pas de redefinir
du corps,
le stotut
gene ite entre le corps et l'espace geo· d'une conscience, a partir d'une phenomenalite du conflit, recits d'outeurs
metrique. Le deborquement est un objet critique porce comme H. Borbusse, B. Cendrars ou J. Dos Passos, mois bien plut6t de retrouver
qu'il exocerbe le modele technologique, cree lo porfoite cette copacite a singulariser qui onimoit le Apollinaire de Lueurs des firs ou de
homogeneite d'un domaine gere sans exteriorite par Obus cou/eur de lune. Les procedures du chomp technologique sont un domaine
l'ingenierie. l'orchitecture, lo meconique, le genie, lo a priori qu'il lout penser sons distance. Diller + Scofidio son! des architectes, et
balistique, les communications, les ressources humaines, chocune de leurs realisations se tient a cette definition d'un corps qui a tout
So many explosives at the
aimed at regaining or defending
Landings here take on the form of an impossible
rational space. The
inscription
also the Habermas of Technics
ldeolo9y, and even Lyotard, it would seem that the
as Science and
LIVE point!

whereby the body sheds all incidental ,·alue in the mastery symbolic achievement of the Second \Vodd \Var, Apollinaire
perfectsthefigureof1hesoldier. Hetos5es i1inlo
of the territory. The body l,nds in it this abandonment, an on June 6 , 1944, in11-oduced a different articulation lhe<onlli<I
untilalldisronceY1·i1h
theeYenl i~obli1e101ed.
Warbecomes thedomain or1hepoeticII lakesshape lile o
autonon1y and a Yacancy "-hich in turn becon1cs a resource, between the body and the orders, designed by engi- pe1monenlrerurrenceof thenow.Thepoem lhenbe,omes on
orrongemenlofsplin1ers,muhipli,iliesof•thereis' ond
a capacity to conceh·e of its mu hi-dimensional nature: the neering, an articulation that can no longer be concep- 'sim11ltoneilies,~
to borro'N thelil!esof lhe!ext~.Apollinaire
extended body, the body prostrate, an elementary point of ,mi,ed owound 1, rhehead. Hisfomous heod-bondo9e
tualized in terms of referentiality. This abandonmeni-, s,em1r, belhesymbol
of1hisaugmented
body,ofthe<0poc-
exit from rational space. This fugiti,·e point, which avoids this loss of identity of a body now without referent, ity loconceive
of thesimultaneous,
05 in Robert
De-lounoy's
pi<hires,
,.·here
dilfe1en1
temporol
dimensions
merge,
o
the framework of the conflict and is not yet the inert body, the dead body, is orga- simultaneously ma,·ks the ach-enl of an autonomy, an 1enunciotiori
of1hesubiective
dis1once
of demi~1ions.

nized jn duration, a first breach against ratio, a ,var out: of Viln1,·ian measurcrncnt opening gambit, "·hid, returns like an echo for us, contemporaries; how 10 con-
that maintained the homogeneity between the body and geometric space. The ceive of the singularity of the body, and how, no"·, to c:onceh·c of the singular. It
Landings are a critical object because they exacerbate the lechnological model; is not a question or re-del,ning the status of a consciousness, based on a phenomc-
they create the perfect homogeneity of a domain managed without cxteriorily by nality of conllict, with na1..-a1h-es by authors such as 13arbusse, Cendrars and Dos
engineering. Architecture, rned,anics, engineering, ballistics, con1111unkations, Passos, but rather one of 1·ecliscon•ring this capacity to singuladzc, which inspired
human resources, anything that produces the social arena, is made use of in a the Apollinaire or L11e11r., des rirs and Obus couleur de lune. The procedures of the
paroxysm of destruction. This, or course, is the modern creed hurtling toward an technological field are an a prio~i domain that must be conceptualized without dis-
apocalypse that longs 10 expunge this all too inert material: man. Yet, running tance. Diller + Scofidio arc architects, and thei,- respccti,·e production abides by
counter to a whole tradition of thinking which embraces not only Heidegger but this definition of a body which, at any given moment, assumes the tension inherent

168 169
 FA(O[RIC MIGAYS:OU

moment se dispose dons lo tension d'une relation ou contexte. L'espace n'y est menl reconduite d'une correspondance entre un corps norme et un espace pro·

qu'une modalite pormi un ensemble complexe de determinations. Avec SuitCase jectif. En deplac;ant cette interrogation en Normandie, en posant ouvertement le

Studies, l'obiet orchitecturol, une valise, ramene a la mobilite toute tentative probleme d'une relation du tourisme a la guerre, Diller+ Scofidio ne se canton·

d'inscription. Des sites touristiques des cinquonte etats americains, champs de nent pos 6 un constat sociologique, ils confrontent des savoirs, des techniques,

batoille ou lieux d'accueils d'un homme celebre, surgissaient comme une icono· qui engagent tous une economie du corps et de l'espace, une economie com·

grophie a l'interieur de cinquante valises ouvertes, allegorie de la federation plexe qui agrondit d'outont le territoire de l'orchitecte.

des Etats·Unis. L'inscription, la volorisation symbolique, l'historicisotion d'un site

pour le tourisme apparaissaient camme le double d'un accroissement de la Archeologie des usages de la cote
La plage est une invention recente, une invention urbaine, toute droite
mobilite, circulation de flux humains onimes par la pulsion de voir. Chaque pro-
issue des gronds mouvements d' amenogement des vi lies du J 9eme siecle. Les
iet travaille ainsi une situation paradoxole, saturee par une permeobilite totale
et simultanee a l'ensemble de l'ingenierie qui semble determiner, sequencier, banques oyont investi dons des moyens de transport de masse nouveaux comme

l'unite d'une realisation architecturale ou urbaine, d'un usage sociol. lei, la le chemin de fer ont pu creer de nouvelles destinations et ainsi generer le besoin

recherche de l'architecte ne se satisfait pos d'un domaine spatial en permanence totalement utopique d'une ville de loisir. Bien avant le club de vacances, ce
microcosme au fonctionnement presque tribol, la villegiature a pris lo forme
recouvert par des logiques de gestion economique, symbolique, qui ne font de
l'espace qu'une modalite presque minime de la conception, de la construction; d'un amenagement urboin sons precedent. Au bout de la ligne de chemin de fer,

elle doit integrer toutes les dimensions de l'ingenierie contemporaine ainsi que on a construit un hotel, le "Grand Hotel," puis un casino et un etablissement de

I' archeologie des pratiques qui les accompagnent com me un materiau neuf, bain. Celle typologie se reproduit dons toutes les villes bolneoires, elle genere

complexe, susceptible d'agencements qui outrepassent cette norme perpetuelle- un nouveau produit commercial, les loisirs, entierement surdetermine par

in any 1·clationship to context. Space here is merely a modality among a complex tourism and war, Diller + Scofidio do not pigeon-hole themselves within a set

set or determinations. \Vith St1itCa,c Studies, the architectural object, .1 suitcase, sociological determination. Rather, they tackle areas of knowledge and techniques

brings every attempt at inscription back to mobility. Tourist sites in the fifty which address an economy of body and space, a complex economy which enlarges,

American slates, battle-fields or famous beds, were set up like an iconography all the more, the architect's territory.

inside l"ifty open suitcases-an allegory or the feder.1tion of the United States. The
inscription, a syn1bolic cnhancc111cnt and histol"icization of a site for touris1n, Archaeology of usages of the coast
The beach is a recent in,·cntion, an urban irn·ention, cn1crging directly
appeared as the duplicatior, of the increase of mobility, a circulation of human flow
dri,·en by the impulse to see. Cach project thus fashions a paradoxical situation, out of the great town-planning and city-de,·elopment mo,·cmcnts of the I 9th cen-
tury. Banks had inn,sted in new forms of mass transportation, the railway, for
saturated by a total and simultaneous permeability to the entirety of the apparatus,
example. As a result they were in a position to create new destinations, and thus
which seems to determine and sequence the unity of the a1·d1itectural or tu-ban
construction and social usage. Herc, the architect's research is not satisfied "·ith a promote to the utterly utopian neecJ for rcc,·cational towns, in time called resorts.

spatial domain forever cm·ered oH·r by logical systems of symbolic and economic \.Yell before the ad,·ent of the holiday club, this social microcosm, with its almost
trib.11 mechanisms, assumed the form of an unprecedented urban development. At
man.1gcment which merely turn the space into a minimal modality of conception
the end of eH·ry railway line, a hotel the Grand Hotel followed by a casino,
and construc·1ion. It mus1 incorporate all the dimensions of contemporary engi-
neering, as well as the archaeology of practices which go with them, like a new, followed by a bathing establishment. This typology cropped up eYerywhcrc. It
generated a new commercial product: leisure. This product was entirely o,·erdc-
complex material, prone to arrangements going beyond this norm, perpetually
returned to a liaison between a normed body and a projecth·e space. By shifting tennined by the establishment of a different use of the body. The spa is thus a blue-
print of ,·apid dc,-clopment, reproduced in accordance with the same criteria here,
this question to Normand)', and by openly posing the problem of a link between

170 171
 l'inslouralion
11tot1:1c MIGAYIOU

d'un usoge different du corps. Le site bolneoire est oinsi le schemo vert, hobille, chousses el bonnets, l'oppropriotion
m
est lente, d'outont plus lente
d'un omenogemenl ropide, reproduit selon les memes qu'il s'agit d'inventer une nouvelle dimension physique. Le corps en villegiolure
la de(ouvult dofa l6tep,endtou/ouHfa lormed'unrit/1
ipiqve,une,0111
d'ipopleog,lmtnti,el augm,nt/1d, criteres en de multiples endroits de lo cote, schemo n'est jomois le corps prive, lo choir d'une nudite brute, c'esl un corps deja
nom61tU1fftttmpba11sIIWitoi,11.•fkM,e, JD l11tlelOIDIDf
loodinooM0111I, mon011uiiloblh une,oloni,,iar,ntu proche des logiques de developpement de lo colonise· norme par des gesles et des usages, le boin se trans·
l• ru,se doi1d'ilre vltu,iil'estbienhidemmen1 ou.a:
un sir,,ofindemoi11istr f, Urro,als,lonunpland'u,ban- lion. Comme l'indique Dominique Rouillard dons son mue en exercice de lout le corps, comme lo dense, au d!bu1sde l'hi\loirehofnioife, donsdu toil11mis
engo11ct
isme.• to milpphoremililaftt fon(llonnepourevoqu,rla dt profeclion, ii l'tst loulauni birn9ou,le nudlueoule
ptnifionoucombat desmoiso,u,n ovoncte,sur/eJlfols, ouvroge sur les sites bolneoires, un ortiste est d'obord le casino, qui sero encensee pour ses vertus gymniques. nolu,i,1eco11re11po1oi1, modeliparIH co,11t1i~uH ti lo
da1'sonris-0-vlsovtc lesillm11tls.lH •tMlts d,1 toihltt, Its ,egimes ti le b,onzageoflndellouve,son10•
gini,0111. dt1sim,letiloillt01,o,uma,111
• 011 lo lip, de decouvreur de la conlree, fonde lo cile selon un recit, Si le littoral ouvre une question d'origine, effet de
roclire,ociol.le nurtnvole1oujours Ouneariginepetdue,
difomnou.,1/1d, la cot,... t, qvo,ti'1ginirals'IIDblit \Inco,p'Im<1intenonl 4Ulnitivemenl absent:
au/ourdu,aJino,qui aprir donrsr,form,premi,11,, p10• recit litteraire d'une instourotion qui doit nourrir le guide bord qui pousse toute identite a lo limite, frontiere
aud'unrb,; ID planrhes
visoirtc,J/1dJvn,1,011 poul •c,4u'ondemolfdtoujou,d'hu~n'eJl·tepasphltOtloul le
louristique, histoire modele comme celle de Trouville qui moterielle qu'il foudroit ou non lronsgresser, site tOJtltoite
doRO,iu wop/.,ti duw•i! '°''"'
el n,uts6
rtcnoirdH •Ugie,ntk baign.r11ts.
•
r,ur quisaven,lrobilftrfescbosesl le m1ill1a111,ilfe.ur
ut
Dominique ltuil11d,l• Sit•lolnioire. ld.11.ordogo, se repetero tout au long du bord de mer. l'ortisle, pein· d'une indeterminolion rodicole, ovec la rationoliso· I, roldusiirle, la lru/11,d, vigno,n IJI /1symbol,:/al,,
1984,p, 60.
Ire ou ecrivoin, le fondoteur, le speculoteur, renouent en tion du terriloire, lo limite noturelle foil place a des arts,poliliqut,cole.{anparravl?lib~,,•sm1nlru1e.1,
m,ub/.,plaqu;,,p,intu11alo di1remp1, t, pvblitoi111e
ra.
permanence ovec le recit d'origine, l'imoge d'une londotion de lo cite se con· frontieres symboliques, politiques, qui tronsformenl lo O11M11-llli-tn.,
lowftl•loi-ra,gw~, c,I iatbttilef'
G.flaubert,
Po, 111Oamps et por 111grhes, [d.
fondonl ovec le ressourcement ottendu d'une proximite a !'element noturel. Lo question ontologique en une interrogation sociole. A [nue,, Pori,,1983,p. 109.
ploge qui etoit pour les oulochtones un domoine dongereux, soumis aux oleos peine creee, lo ploge se portage, se herisse de
climotiques, aux morees, devienl un lieu sociol, police, organise. Le corps se lenles, de piquels, de cordes, de cobines, qui encadrenl et defendent les usoges
conformero d'obord aux lois du troitement theropeutique, simple contact ovec socioux. Lo ploge n'esl plus ouverte sur une experience limile de l'element, con·
l'eou, presque o l'oveugle, au sortir d'une cobine de boins sur roues qui permet tact direct ovec l'oceon, elle est elle·meme limitee, contingentee. Du boin a lo
d' eviler un contact trop direct ovec celle Ion de indifferenciee. Le corps est recou· moison de voconces, lo protique theropeutique et ostenlotoire definit les pratiques

there and eYcrywhere along the coast, a blueprint akin to the logic of colonial bcousc it entails the invention of a whole new physical dimension. The ,·acationing
de,·clopment. A5 Dominique Rouillard points out in his book on spas, ,lll .wtist nr,t body is nen•r a prirntc body, the tlesh is never c-rudely naked. It is a body already
disco,·ers the region or J)l"O\"ince, and in so doing, founds the city on the basis of a normed by gestures and customs. Bathing is turned into an exercise for the whole
n,11..-ati,·c. It is the literary narrath·c of a foundation that must nurture the tourist body, just like dancing, in the casino, is praised for its gymnastic \'irtues. The coa,t
guide a model history, like the history ofTrou,ille, to be repeated all along the may open up an original question, a question of the borderline effec:t that pushes
sea,hore. The artist (painter or writer), the founder and all idcn1ity to the limit, of 1he material boundary 1hat may or may 1101 be trans•
lh, di,m11yof th, <oost invariably tohs thefarmaf an
epicnouoliro,DJoriof tpopu de,kedoutwilhonds1t·ol/1n the spccul,,tor arc fore,·er rc-eng,,ging the original nana- gressecl, the site of a radical indeterminacy, but with the rationalization of tcrritO·
!y covntlmmlfllo1y melaphan."fitchlogyoor110/Iii•
Boo,/;,,.,Mo.,,, 6•1al~ .,,ob/i,l,;ng
o ,alony,iurenUog • th e, the image of the founding of the city merging with ry, the natural limit gi,·ing "·ay to symbolic, poli1ical
lhe nudehosloh ,lod. Itgm .-ilhoul,oying1h01 ii .-o,
mnte,yol 1A,cc,oslline
sile,io o,dtt lo go,HI ifl ttum of o
the expected rc\'italization obtained by the proximity to fron1icrs "·hich transform 1he ontological into the dad,of1heou1Sel of lhehislo1y
of 1posond,ernrls;l1-wos
,,_,m,plonning p,ojtrl. ~ 1hemililorymetopha, helpsto ,on.
encumbered byprore<tlvt90,menh.thishold,r,ueforthe
juteuptht combat porilianof thehouresin rheronguord, social. No sooner is the beach created than it is split
the natural clements. For local folk, the beach was a da,1- <Onltmporory niuliilor no11nist,
molded byco,11etics011d
011the,.·or11
1 fn a beod-on riluotioriwiththe,1,m,nls.M,
g10tnii19, diels tnd 1WHtM, in orderto li«onr •is ,ociol
·g••mh' t,01,·01/belint al ilt, !,woA,.
ri//trnro/.,,. gerous realm, where they were often at the mercy of up. It bristles "ith awnings, ropes, and cabins which cha1acter. Thenudealwaysrefeishck loo loslorigin,a
t6enew<otilol H•to/ de/ea1<
... Th,head41101ten is
changing "·eathc.- and tides. Then with the ad\'Cllt of the form a frame for, and uphold, social practin•s, The bodyrhatis n<1w foreverabsent
lht casino,
instrfledarou11d whith,in irspdmoryandprovi-
rioriolform,hasouumedthatof a IMI o, a shefre,mod,of ·1,oat•·h,1is d,maod,dtodoyin factt!, "'Y appa,it,of
pfankslo accommoJot,
'le9iomof ba1A1rs. • spa, the beach bec·ame a social place l'or ,·isitors from the beach is no longer open to any borclc-rline experience th, nude,1h,simp/,oRdth, lrue?fftlWtt andsuueulo
Do11ioiq,o le Sit•laloieirt [Tb Spo),
Rouillord, of the clements, to direl'l contact with the ocean. It is '""" .i,. .1.,.. .... ,. '"" //\i,sgs.,, '"' , .. , /oi/o,is
city, ch·ilized ancl organi?ed, "·here the body \\Quid com• ki•gol the ctotu1y,
1h,lig-ltof!eingth, symbol:
lo.,,
11.ordogo,
1984,,. 60.
ply with the laws of ther,,peutic treat men, simple contac:t itself limited and rendered contingent. From hathing a11J, 1vuywhert?Otceitfullib~,,iu,
polirics,bloome,s
poinling:ih, pub/frli~u
vtnH,ed furnitull, d,'srtmpe,ed
with water, almost blindl'olded, after emerging from the bathing hut on "·heels, to the \'acation home, ostentatious 1herapeutk prac- t!ot.l,t /hemhor, ii, stulllhomii withii,ga,g, theidiot
prMitr
eliminating all direct c:ontact with the undifferentiated sandy waste. The body is tices dclone the body which will slo" ly sedin1ent the floubert,Po, les Chompset pot Its Grive,, [nues,
Potil,1983,p. 209.
con:,i•ed, clad, shod and bonnetted. The appropri,Hion is gradual, and all 1he slowl·r \\·ay land.scape~ arc structured, turn the coastline into

172 113
 fRiD(R1( MICA't'ROU

d'un corps qui vo lentement sedimenter loute lo slructuration du poysoge, qui vo lions, les programmes d'omenogemenls ne sont pos elobores pour le corps, mois

geometriser le littoral et definir des emplois du temps, des colendriers, de: inversement une extension de la notion de corps engage une reorganisation

soisons. L'orchiteclure bolneoire invente des programmes complete du dispositif con~u, opres Michel Foucault, comme des lignes de sovoir
l, fluxd, l'upi,itnlf riwe /o1,11oit
•ntoremimtii /tJ
"riroJ•s,"I• "JtOlfl," ,, l1 "IJMewhw,
..(flaxl,mpo"I originoux de construction, ou l'orchitecte s'impose el de pouvoir, des "lignes de subjectivotion." On
Oesro,,u
auq11,I ,or1od,0U
tM011 It<tgito}sonl1epo1mtJ Unceleb,e110116 derhe101iquedul 71ne siecl1,lu
6 l'inflnl-ladft1um1'nolion
appartmmtnl ouu,,,de comme medecin, oriente le bati, ses ouvertures, en fonc· croise ici le domoine qui conslitue le prealoble de hlre1iensd'A,htee1•'hgine-duPtrelouhoun,
/'/o1'ntlonnoliri. loute recherche de Diller + Scofidio, un diagnostic d!h■le P'"untong■e &g1t11ioft111lan,rw, 111'01too,
lion des vertus curatives. Lo moison devient elle-meme un mefophore peimonenle de la possianet del'imogfnalion,
Jee
Hin,Dieter
Boht'"\i1nuHire pieneti me,,WI qvelquu
modt1 durorp1,'
d'opparilion Ctltiqnde la Raison corps vivont, double slructuront de celui du curiste, qui tend 6 liberer l'espace de tout ce qu'on lui sup· cette01ti111lorlon
neceu11i1e
entrele cogitoel lo resexlenso.
p!inominologiqut,(d duCerf,Pori,1990,p. 119. le 1iv<1g1 sofoncllon
y llo11ve potllque don,unerclotion
berceou, carapace, elle est oussi ouverte, elle occompo· pose d'objectif, de geometrique. Mais ou·delo, cette offil11boucoips.•11e'i,vroi,repri1
(ugitt q1tctlleobeit-
1

ux1<edelofHf a qudttue choHd'ilanna11t. ctrondi1oi1 qve

gne le rapport 6 l'exterieur, elle est une prothese, un outil qui prolonge lo relo- premiere trome en recoupe une oulre qui bien que quond elleHt courroucte,ellevoinondu loutelalerte;
rodicolement differenle, rejoint point par point lo <e~endont etr1s'orre1e
foulco,irlcisonrivoge 1
el cesml)n•
tion du molode 6 !'element morin. Ainsi toute lo cote s'est pliee 6 ce pion 1ognesd'eauq,i,imenttenlle 111.t111de
d'unmooddtl,geni
d'urbonisme, meconiquement orchestre par lo speculation, qui bien qu'encom· premiere. L'identificotion complete de lo bande lit· b,isealDWI91ain deHMt."

bre par un gout et une ornementotion vilipendee par un Le Corbusier qui vouloit torole que l'on peut suivre par exemple dons

preserver l'imoge desertique d'une ploge lineoire, semble bien oboutir l'idee I' Annuaire des plages ( 1935), se reforme en un
moderne d'une rotionolisotion du territoire. Celle configuration qui met 6 jour, temps encore plus court ovec lo mise en place du

dons les limites d'une histoire extremement courte, une disposition des sovoirs et pion Todt. Le dispositif est ici encore plus condense,

des techniques entierement orticulee sur une pratique du corps, repond directe· plus ropidemenl mis en oeuvre, en une occelerotion

ment 6 lo preocuppotion d'une de la decision ou le fondoteur se confond ovec lo

orcheologie. L'espoce, les construe· personnolite du dictateur. Lo decouverte a loisse lo

something geometric, and define the and con\'c•rsely, an extension of the concept of body

way time, calendars and seasons arc entails a complete re-organization of the dc,·icc con-

used. Spa architecture invents new cei,·cd, after Foucault, as lines of knowledge and

programs, investing the architect with the authority of the physician, orienting capacity -of knowing (how-to) and power (bcing-

!:mildings and their apertures on the basis of cm·ati,·c qualities. The house itself ablc-to). In other words, "lines of subjc<·th·ization."

turns into a living body, a double structuring for the patient's body. As both cradle Herc we come across the prcrC<1ubite of any research

and carapace, it is also open; it accompanies the relationship to the exterior; it is a by Diller + Scoficlio: a diagnosis that tends to free

prosthesis -a tool that extends the relationship of the patient to the marine cle- space of ,rnything objecti,·c am! geometric it may con-

ment. In this way the entire coast ha, succumbed to this town planning, mechani- tain. But o,·er and abo,·c this, this first "·cft o,·erlaps Afrunous
171httnlurylleori1tonrhero,ic,
th, Dhcounes
of lrisloo ... hgtolos brPi1t louloui,, 11011,off
cally orchestrated by speculation. ,\!though it is enn,m- another which, though radically different, joins up wl1ho lenilhyd!g,rnion on1henorure of lheoceon,o per•
llit llowol llvtd txp.,ft•CI ,rillp,ovid,s,mn ;/ ,;, monenf merophor of poulonandimaginolion, of1h01ne<es•
"show,·th, ·sov,co'ondth, "mo,th" (th, tempo,o/ 1/v, bcrcd l>y a taste and an ornamentation vilified by a le with the first one again, point by point. The complete 101y orliculallonbel'Ween tht cogi1o
ondthe,es extenso.
withwMrhDeuarte,slillouo,ioledth, cqgito}011push1d lM sh11ehere(i1dsifs9oeli<lunflitninon0ffi,11ed relo-
Corhusie,·, "hose intent ion was 10 prescn·e the dese,·t-likc identification of the coastal strip that we can follow,
lo lnll•ily-lbi ,,,,.,,.,ly g,,,,aolud dttt1nlioolitool lionshiplo 1hebedy."'II on, lhatthe
is trut,hgenius'lll'tnl
Ult,nti,aolity.
image of a linear bead,, it docs seem to culminate in rhc for example, in the Annuairc de, plo9cs f !leach Directory} obedience or1htseahossomething oboulit, ro,
asloni1hi11g
Horn Bahr,'Signuenlrepieueel mer,quelquu
Dleter ii mm, 1h01 when,ho'" ii o,g,y, Hmlghrflood'"
modesd'appo1flion
d1.1 Crhlqutde la Rai101
corps,~ modern idea of territorial rationalization. \•Vithin the lim- ( 1935), is reformed in an e,·cn shorter time span with enli,eIG11d.lut ii UOJU ,ho,to1ii~1hore,and1hD1t mou11-
phinomlnologlqH,fdilionsd• (Hf, Po,is,1990.p.129. lo•ous•01t11 rlor rhr,01101howorl4•ilh o mondflood
its of an extremely short history, this conl1guration ,·c,·eals the introduction of the Todt plan. I lcrc, the de,·icc is b,.. k upooo groinof 10nd:
a disposition of know-how and tcd111iqucs entirely determined hy a usage of the c,·cn more condensed, and C\'Cll more swiftly imple-

body. t\s such, it responds di.-ectly to the concerns of an archaeology. Space, con- mented, "ith a speeding-up of the decision "hereby the founder is blurred with the

structions, and de\'elopmcnt progr,,ms arc not formulated for the body. Rather, personality of the dictator. Disco\'cry has gi\'en way to conquest, but the colonial

176 111
 ratotRIC MIGAYROU

ploce o lo conquete, mms le discours colonisoteur s'exacerbe renfor~ont o

ollemand comme si celui-ci avoit oublie son cosque, ses ottributs, un peu par·
l'extreme l'idee d'une limite territoriole. Lo Bunker Archeologie de Poul Virilio tout le long de
reconstitue le chomp de cette orgonisotion complete de l'espoce militaire. Le nos rivages ....
LA GUERREESTDEVENUEUN COMBATDE MATERIELS
bunker y trouve lo forme d'un occomplissement du modernisme, orchitecture
Lo plage, o !'inverse, se veut le lieu ultime de cette rationalisation ou devro
sons fandotion, novire porte por lo fluidite du sol, unite brutoliste qui semble
s'etendre en une resille complexe, un moillage fin, un obstacle o toute presence
occomplir ovec ironie le souhoit corbuseen. Lo geometrisotion de lo cote est
des corps, une marge ou la chair devrait se perdre, le ,Oledudressage viseaconfronlu
mililoire /es cotpJou
poussee ou poroxysme comme le montre lo quodroture du littoral definie oussi un non-lieu, impasse pour toute extension d'un
danguloulenlaisonldisporofrre ledongtrde/'off1onle-
men1. II enesll'expS1ime1rtolfondonsunesocieffotile
bien por les plons de feu des differentes botteries, que por la complexite du corps humoin. Celle ploge a son inventeur, son ronffildeviefll
peuOpeulolenev,delore/orion pa/iliqve
et 10,iole.Cesl,mesemble I-ii, undes,Olesesunliels q11e
reseou radar et de communication. Le reseou est si dense qu'il semble
ortiste, Rommel, qui la projette en des dessins restes l'armee ,emp/ilenmeme lemps queson,Olepuremenl mili-
outonome, totolement concentre sur lo protection et lo destruction, un mur virtuel laire.Wemelenploreunce,rainnomb,e deprocUwes qvi
fomeux. La geometrisotion y est extreme et I'on est onaenlla1elarion d1of'1onlement de
donslarnciabilile
qui suppose que l'espoce se compose encore selon l'economie des portages et surpris d'y reconnoitre les polyedres et les croix
lelfeso,lequ'e1le
ntisoilpta di:grode,
po, cellerelation.
AloinEhrenberg,
le Corpsmlllloire, fd. Aobi,r.p. 13.
des frontieres. Pourtont le corps est toujours lo norme de cette orgonisotion, un qui, en des temps plus anciens, don-
corps regard entierement surdetermine par lo surveillance, la vue de l'outre o noient o l'hamme une mesure. La LA MORT D'UN HOMME C'ESTLE PRIX
l'horizon, ou le pointoge des instruments de tir. L'objet orchitecturol qu'est le ploge, le rivoge, reapporaissent en D'UN METREDE TERREFRAN(AISE
bunker opporoll non seulement comme un pralongement physique de l'ceil, mois
permanence comme une limite concrete de l'exten·
..L< solJllt DanJ S/lra nt l.:f hcmmu qai fr prlcO:-
aussi un vetement, une protection lo ou le peril noturel avail laisse la place o la Jm,·n, s~fanl·Jau~·ha /'on apr~1s tau1u infw11-
sion, lo frontiere d'un corps universe! en une con·
chismnr J,1wmpc. l.orsque s11n t<Wr .arrha, ii sam(.I
violence industrielle: "Les blockhaus etaient anthropomorphes, leurs figures ception presque cartesienne, une exteriorite contin· JarH l'cau jusqu'tttt,\ dbsellt·s er, emp1,.:",t
par !Lin
reprenoient celle des corps ... L'identification de cette construction o l'occupant fournJmem. rr.m.1pL;u!fli tn l(l)"anr /,r litlll,•s9ifla
gen tee par la technique, la mecanique, moi s qui

discourse becomes exaced>ated by reinforcing the extreme idea of a t<:t·ritorial

the shoreline ... " (Paul Virilio, Bunker Archeolo9ie, Ed. C.C.I, p. 10). The beach, on
limit. Paul \lirilio's Bunker !irchcolo9ic reconstitutes the field of this complete org,1- the other hand, would
nization of military space, identifying the bunker as the epitome of modernism- WAR HAS TURNEDINTO A BATTLEOF EQUIPMENT
he the ultimate place
an architecture without foundation, a \"essel carried by the fluidity of the ground, a
of this rationalization, where, in a complex lattice, a fine-mesh grid would be
brutalist unit which seems to sarisfy the Corbusian wish, with irony. The
spread an obstacle to any presence of bodies, a margin where the flesh would be
geomctrization of the coast is pushed to the limit, as shown by the quadrature of
lost, .'.l place that is not a place, an in1passe for any The,oleolmi/iraryt1ainin9anddisciplineisoimedotrnn•
the littoral, defined as much by the artillery range of the different batteries as by ftonlingbodieiwithdonger,whil, at th, ,om, makingthe
extension of a human body. This beach has its i1wen-
donge,of conf1ontorion diioppeo,.Theexperiment existsin
the complexity of the radar and communications network. This network is so a socielywhe,econflicJ isgroduolfy betomifig rheJeno,of
tor, its artist, in Rommel, who projected it in a now
polilicalandsocialrelal/omhips. This,o, ro ii seemslo me,
dense that it appears autonomous, totally focused on protection and destruction, a
famous series of drawings. They are extremely geo- is one,I 10,essentialrol,s ployed!y 1h,armyin tandem
,·irtual wall which presupposes that space is slill denned on the basis of the econo- 'lt'ilh
ilspurelymi/ilary,ale. It esloblishes
a certainnumbs,
metrical, and suprisingly, one can recognize the poly- ofp,o,edures
w-hich
anchor
rhe,elolioMhip
ol conf,onlolion
my of di,·isions and boundaries. Yet the body is inrnriably the norm of this organi- hedra and the crosses which, in bygone times, provid- in sociobifity, a way1h01
in51/ch ii is notdegraded
by !his
,elolionsMp.
zation, a body totally reduced to the gaze, o,-erdetermined by surveillance: the eel man with measuremenl. The Al<1in
lhrenberg,
LeCorpsmilitoire Aubier,p.?3.
1

,·iew of the other on the horizon, or the sighting of the guns. The architectural beach and the shore re-appca1· on a THE DEATH01 A MAN IS THEPRICE
object t·epresented by the hunker appears not only as a physical exLension of the pcnr1anent basis as a concrete lilnit of
OF A METEROF FRENCHLAND
eye, but also as clothing, a protection precisely where natural peril gh·es way to the extension or boundary of a uni-
industrial ,·iolcnce: "The Bunkers we,·e anthropomorphic, their shapes bon·o\\·ed "The,solJJaDai id Sifl·a ro11· die menah..-aJ
efhim
,·crsal body into an almost Cartesian conception, an
J.cm9 mo1r~•,J,fo1t·none lfur the IJlhcr tH thC)· cfom•
from the shapes of' bodies ... This construction identil,ed "·ith the German occupi- exteriority rendered contingent by technology and hc1(J J1>n11lhc romp. rl'ho•n if m1s his lUtn. he
er, as if he had lost his helmet and accessories, now scaue,·ed here and the,·e along rnechanics, but ,,·hich rnay, at any gh·en 11101ncnt, jump.-J imJ th,· w,Ha 11pto l,/1 ormpJrsand,
h,1mper(J b_rIm equipmrnl. sw.rcdthere as if pclli-

17 B I 79
 rRiDiRIC MIGAYll:OU

la Ju,jua tom autour Jt· lui .... D,· pL·rir~ ilJts JL· peut a tout moment induire un desordre immaltrisable. tiree par un chevol, le corps des families des conges payes qui, en 1936, foisaient
hfrmlsp;,2rsemulen1 Ii; pfo9t. En pumml fc5 ,o/Jurs
umurq11L:r,:n1 'lrre Ct>ll.\"'llli le pC1m-.riu115<?h n,1iL·nt
0
L'instouration du sujet, du subjeclum, lo quete d'un fonde· sous lo tente !'experience d'un nouveau nomodisme, le corps illusoirement origi-
a!sis, ltL~I Jroits, comme s'ils se crop.lii.'nt Jlscrmals
immvnlsh. fls p01t1lm1Jcnr iwnynllf,•s, cc1lm.-sL·t ment nouveau annule l'histoire, induit une infinie mise en noire des premiers noturistes, le corps de ce soldot russe au sein de la crypte de
silt•nciw.t. £n appar.ma inJ!{fht·na 11rout cc qui lfi
Cnl(lt1ta1cn1.. .. aturrh par la Jb·aswrlcr,<l fo mi:in
ordre de l'etendue, une geometrisotion permonente, qui beton du bunker, et tous semblent reconduire lo norme d'un espace ou la fonction
qoi l.:semoumr.:m. /,t•J hamm,·$ r.•5t11frn1phr!flbau nie le corps lui·meme. le rivage, la ploge ne sont pas sim-
borJ de l'e11u. raraiuanl en proit 11une iucm9e
ne permet jomois de penser le corps pour lui-meme. Avec l'incroyoble idee du
lbhi.1r9lt .... /1 u;rcrir I., et ·;L·t.rir ,b 9alas Jans plement porteurs d'une idee de la limite, de l'alterite, ils deborquement, celle qui consistoit a projeter des hommes dons un dispositif tech-
/'t'1.1uen pleurant mns bruir, camme sl sen (t1;,1.1f a/foi1
e<Jau,.'" vehiculent toujours ce modele d'un renforcement du sujet nique con~u pour leur immediate destruction, proche de l'experience des
Ryo,,le jo,r le plus long, ld. R.LoflaBI,
Cornelius
qui s'oppuie sur le rejet d'un corps desordonne. la fonc- Kamikazes ioponois socrifies dons leurs cercueils de fer, le corps desempare sem-
p. 193.
tion bolneoire, cette medicolisotion douce qui donne au ble reopporo'itre fugitivement comme disponible. Dons l'intrication de metal, sous
corps un ordre, celui d'une pathologie permonente se poursuit encore oujourd'hui, le halo de feu, engonces dons un invraisemblable equipement, ces soldols ameri-
vecteur d'un conditionnement spatial permanent, d'une architecture. Ce corps coins qui courageusement posaient un pied sur les
cache sous le vetement de boin du 19~me siecle est le meme que ce corps noturiste plages normondes reveloient cette tragique continuite
exalte par le nozisme, le meme encore que nos corps contemporoins, exposes sur qui donne a l'espoce lo valeur d'unite que lui sup-
loutes les ploges du monde, ce corps qui n'est plus qu'une surface, une enveloppe. posent toujours les orchitectes. Relire l'experience
la cote, objel d'une plonificotion systemotique, a toujours reconduil ce credo impossible d'une telle fracture ovec Diller + Scofidio,
d'une unite fonctionnaliste du corps de fo~on d'outant plus efficace qu'il etoit sup- c'esl occompogner cette pensee d'un espoce ou toute
pose etre un corps de plaisir. Sur lo ploge, ie vois coexister tous ces corps a inscription est impossible, c'est inventer un espoce qui
chaque fois reinventes, le corps balneoire d'une femme descendue d'une cobine ne suppose oucune inscription.

fled, ll'cu,Mna r11' boJ/aJ lt1sh the su,j,m· all 11rnunJ induce an uncontrollable disorde,-. The establishment of the s,,·irn:suit-dad body of a "·01nan en1erging frorn
him .... The h,-,JChwus 5u~·11n wJrh5fltiJJI huJdfr:s C?J'
11oumh·Jm~·n. . h 1h9·pcrmdby, 1h17sol,liHs notJreJ the subject, the subjcctum, and the quest for a new found.,- a horse-drawn bathing-hut, the body of families on
chm 1ho:,~ who cotJIJ m1yrJ WHed, bo/1 urri9hr, m if
du)" tliou9hr the)" 11-er~ hcncefouli immunluJ. ThtJ tion, cancel history, and gin' ,-ise to an infinite ordering of their paid holidays who, in I 936, under their tents and
uemeJ calm, (If peat( artd <jUh'I . .arr1.1r.-nt1.,,inil!.[fcr•
the extension- a perrnanent geo1nctrization that negates awnings, experienced a ne\\' kind of nomadism, the
em ro o·.:91hin9 goin9 an 11rotmJ them.
1hc dcrauation and ,frt1rh1tl11r Wt•
DtimlifourrJcJ b_.,r the body itself. The shore and the beach arc not simply the
unmdt•d ,h~·m. rhe m,•n uuwincJ p.:tr!fleJ h_r1h.·
illusorily new body of the first nudists, the body of a
,,·crta':i:••Jif°· .:1sif ruy 10 d srro,'"l9e
lcrhu1B.F···· I-le bearers of an idea of limitation and otherness. They invari- Russian soldier deep inside his conCl'ete crypt, the
HO)fd rhtrC" anJ '1om·d r•·btil.-s imo ,ht w(lrff, 11up-

in9 s1lcnrly, (15 if /Lis htMf 11uJ <1bou1to nploJc'." ably co1wey this model of a reinforcement of the subjel'l, bunker. t\nd they all seem to accompany the norm of a
(omel:Us
R\,Jn,TheLonge,!Day,Lolla,11, p, 193,
Poris,
which is linked with the rejection of a disordedy body. space where function never permits one to conceive of
The function of the spa, that mild medicalization which the body per se. \.Yirl, the incredible concept of the D-Day landings the conccpr
lends order to the body, the order of a permanent pathology-is still being enter- that thrust men into a technical apparatus concei,·ed for their immediate destruc-
tained today, as the Yector or a permanent spatial packaging, the ,·ector of an archi- tion, like the Japanese Kamikaze pilots sacrifked in their metal coffins-the body
le<eture. This body hidden beneath its 19th century bathing costume is the same as in distress seems to re-appear fleetingly as utterly vacant. In the inlrication or
the nudist's body exalted by Nazism; the same, too, as our contemporary bodies inter-meshing of metal, beneath the halo of fire, encumbered by extravagant
exposed on beaches in e,·ery corner of the globe: this body which is now no more equipment, those American soldiers who bravely set foot on the beaches of
than a surface, em·clope, or wrapper. As the object or systematic planning, the Normandy mark out that tragic continuity which lends space the value of unity that
coast has always accompanied the creed that holds the body to be a functionalist architects ha,·e invariably assigned it. To contemplate the fracture of this unity,
unit, and one that is all the more e!Ticient because it is supposed to be a body of ) with Diller + Scofidio, is to ente1· a space where all inscription is impossible, to
pleasure. On the beach, I see a co-existence of all these bodies re-ilwented endlessly iiffent a space that presupposes no inscription.

I BO 181
 JIIDIIII IIICHIOU

La guerre a la limite, !'indifference du conflit

occroissement illimile de lo mobilite et de lo vitesse pour reprendre un schemo
Lo seconde guerre mondiole est sons doute le dernier conflit territoriol,
developpe par Poul Virilio. Pourtanl l'interpretotion qui remorque que les on·
entendons le dernier conflit ou un Etot se deploie ovec une politique exponsion-
ciennes lignes de front, ligne Moginot, Mur de I' Atlantique, se sont overees
niste ouverte. Lo conquete du lerritoire suppose toujours un differentiel entre un
inoperonles porce quo lo noture du pouvoir ovoit chonge, n'interroge pos
espoce obstroit, projete et un espoce reel moitrise. Lo gestion coloniole qui o
directemenl lo relotion enlrelenue por un pouvoir politique ovec I' espoce.
toujours servi de modole de construction du territoire
LES OBST AC LES DE PLAGE L'orticulotion mise 6 jour se tient loujours 6 une geslion de l'espoce politique, ou
Les pleu• d'arrits
semble mointenont ochevee, ou moment ou oucune por-
mieux 6 une onolyse de l'abstroction que suppose une telle geomelrisotion. Peut·
la porte Maginot celle du territoire n'echoppe plus ou controle solellite. Lo
on penser, peut·on induire une notion du politique qui ne formeroit pos son
Jes tetrddres de betons mondiolisotion du conflit, !'unite d'une essence du monde
"Tetrahydra" occomplie por lo gestion industrielle et economique de lo
unite d'un recours 6 !'inscription? Lo question ouvre precisement o un deploce-
Ju grllles beiges mont rodicol do la question moderne, elle induil une penseo de lo singulorite qui
guerre generolisee, c'est bien lo noture de l'espoce qui
le, h6rluons tcheques n'est pas celle d'une oulonomie affirmee, qui n'est pas une pensee de la seporo•
chonge, lo moitrise des sites ne se definissont plus por
Jes 6Jements Colntet tion. Le mur de I' Atlantique, lout comme le mur de Berlin, repond 6 une gestion
Les pfeux en bots avec mines et
leur conlrole, orchitectures de lo fortificotion issues ovec
territoriole impossible, non porce que la notion de lrontiere, de limite serait
•·ouW"re-boitesH Voubon d'un I ]eme siecle qui pensoit precisement en ter·
obsolete, depossee, mais porce qu'elle est toujours miso en relotion ovoc une
lei chevaux de frlse mes d'inscription et de fondotion. II n'est plus necessoire
unite qui lui est tout 6 lo fois liee et exterieure.
Jes dents de dragon d'insister sur cette mutotion epistemologique, espoce
L'erreur consiste 6 loujours vouloir ossimiler lo limite OBSTACLES ON THE BEACH
les champ, de mines
public, espoce critique, qui implique tout pouvoir poli- 1takes
mines "caue~nolsettes" de l'espoce o l'espoce, comme s'ils opporlenaient
tique dons une gestion permonente du deplocement, the Maginot gate
mines .. huitres" a dfpressfon au memo ordre. Lo frontiero, lo bordure, lo rive,
tetrahedral concrete blocks/
les mines "aulettes'*
In;idequatc war, the indifference ofconllict "Tetrahydra'"
Jes flh de fer barbele•
cratil'e because the nature of power had changed, is Belgian bars
les asperges de Rommel There can be no douht that the Second \Vorld \Var
unable to interrogate directly the relationship Cuch "hedgehog• •plku
wa~ the final territorial conflict, meaning the laq conflict
between a panicular political power and space. The Colntet device,
in \\hich a State will engage upon in an o,·ertly expansionist policy. The conquest wooden stakes with mine,
articulation re,ealed ah,ays ill\Oh-es a management of
of territory always presupposes a differential bet" een an abstrat·t, proje(·ted space and "'can-openers'"
political space, at best an analy~is of the ab,1ractio11
and a real, mastered space. Colonial management, \\ hich al\\ ays sen ed as the wire entanglemenh
presupposed by this sort of geometrintion. Is it pos,i dragon's teeth
model of territorial construction, now seems o, er and done with, just at the
hie to conceh·e of, or infer, a notion of politics that mine-field,
moment when not a square inch of territory can dude satellite sun·eillance. The
might constitute itself "ithout a recourse to inscrip- '"nutcn1cke, .. mines
world-"·ide globali?ation of conflict the unification of an essen(•e of the \\'Orld \'ia
tion? The question leads precisl·ly to ,, radic.,I shift of depression "oyster" mines.
the industrial and economic management of generali,ed \\ arf.lre- is indeed a "platter .. mines
the mod,•rn question. It infer, a conception of singu•
change in the nature of space, because mastery o,·er sitl·s is no longer defined by barbed wire
l,lrit y \\ hid, is not 1hat of an affirmed autonomy, and
control, architectures of fortification which, since the days of Vauban in the 17th Romme:1'1 asparagus
\\ hich i, not a t·onception of ~eparation. Just like the
century, ha,e been predicated on the (oncepts of inscription and foundation.
Berlin Wall, the Atlantic \Vall responds to an fmpos,ihle territorial manag,•ment,
There is no longer any need to emphasi7e this epistemological mutation, public
not because the concept of boundar) and limit is ol,-otete and out of <latl·, but
place, critical space, which implicates any political 1>ower in an on-going manage-
because it is ah, ays linked with a unity which is simultaneously related and cxter
ment of shifting mo,·ement, a boundless growth of mobility and speed, to borrow
n.,I to it. ·1he error lie; in ah, a)S trying to assimilate the spatial limit to spacc, as if'
a concept de, eloped by Paul Virilio. Yct the interpretation which note, that the
both belonged to the same order. lndced, 1he frontier, the l'im, and the shore all
age-old front lines, the Maginot line, and the Atlantic \Vall, turned out to be inop-
emerge ,H specific prindples of the .1rrangement of a cerl.lin spatial order-an

11? 183
 ntou,c MIGAYRDU

opporoissent plutot comme les principes specifiques de lo disposition d'un cer· une presentation dons un cadre vide, une virtuolite continuellement renouvelee,
loin ordre spatial, principe renvoyont a un domoine logique tout different de l'interfoce de l'ecron·video comme opotheose d'une demoteriolisotion. Mais ce
celui de l'espoce. Comprendre lo relation de l'opporeil d'Etot a l'espoce, en qui semble reconduit, c'est precisement cette relation intriquee de !'inscription
montront que l'occelerotion des deplocements introduit un nouvel ordre politique au principe de lo disposition spotiole, qui preserve une structure de pensee qui
ne suffit pas a resoudre cette economie permonente de la limite qui nourrit en definissoit precisement l'espoce comme le domoine a priori de toute inscription,
permanence le gestion politique. Le deborquement elabore un site complexe, lo ou mieux comme lo forme, lo sensibilite, forme pure de !'intuition sensible, con-
fronge littorole, ou lo proximite a lo cote se divise entre deux lignes de par· dition de reception des phenomenes. Plus grovement, c'est oussi le modele du
toge, le rivoge et l'horizon, qui creent une zone de mise en tension du regard, schemotisme, formant le cadre vide d'une pensee en tableau qui se perpetue,
une orientation qui dessine, destine, toute intervention sur lo bonde cotiere. confusion d'une apprehension de lo limite et d'une pensee du cadre qui portage
L'onolyse pour Poul Virilio porle principolement sur lo mutation epistemologique l'interieur et l'exterieur, qui romene lo notion d'espoce objectif ou
de lo relation du pouvoir au lerritoire, jusqu'o renverser toute territoriolite en principe d'une synthese. Lo limite renverroit loujours a une
une definition de so limite, ou "le monde n'est plus qu'un littoral a lo fois ma- logique intuitionnelle, intuition donotrice ou occes direct ou
ritime et oerien." Alors se deploie une description de ce que peut elre une archi- supra-sensible, selon le sentiment du sublime, confrontation
tecture, un urbonisme de l'extreme, ou le bunker ne vout pas seulement comme directe ou lo scheme n'est plus moyen, mois revele indi-
fortification, mois deja comme un element outonome, pris par lo fluidite, archi- rectement les moments de so genese. Lo limite, c'esl ce
tecture monolithique qui s'erige comme un bloc sons fondotion a lo surface du mouvement d' outo-offectotion constitutive, production qui
sable. Lo limite, mointenue comme le principe d'une ullime spotiolisotion, le pou- redouble, qui replie lo temporolite dons le sens interne.
voir ne s'exerceroit plus que dons l'occelerotion permonente de lo disposition, Toute lo critique phenomenologique tentero d'evocuer
CErrELIGNEA trt coN,uE AflN DENEU1RAllSER
iE MAXIMUMD'ENNEMISDEBAROUES. roNEUrRALIZErHE GREArES1
rHIS LINEWASDESIGNED NUMBEROf ENEMY1ROOPS
LANDING.
order that refers to a logical area which is altogether differ- he wielded except in the permanent acceleration of the spatial construct, a presen-
ent from that of space. Even showing that the acceleration tation in an empty fr.,me, a constantly re11ewed virtuality, the video-screen inter-
of shifts introduces a new political order, an understanding face as apotheosis of a dematerialintion. But it is precisely this intricate relation-
of the relationship of the State apparatus to space, is not ship bet ween the inscription and the principle of the spatial disposition which pre-
enough to rcsoh·e this permanent economy of the limit that serves a structure of thought which actually cleflnes space as the a priori domain of
fore,·er nurtures political managemcnl. The landings pre- all inscripl.ion, or bc1tcr still, as the form of sensibility, the pure form or percep-
pare a complex site, the coastal rim, where the proximity ti,·e intuition, a condition for the reception of phenomena. On a more sobering
to the coast is split between two di,·iding lines, the seashore note, it is also the model of schematism, forming the empty frame of an imaged
and the horizon, creating a zone of tension for the gaze, an orientation which thought which is perpetuated, a blurring of an apprehension of the limit and a con-
delineates and designates any activity in the coastal strip. t'or Paul Virilio, the ception of the frame which divides the interior and the exter-ior, and which refers
analysis irwoh·es, by and large, the epistemological mutation of the relationship of the notion of objecth·e space back to the principle of a synthesis. The limit would
power to territory, to the point where all territoriality is capsized in a definition of always refer to an intuitional logic, a giving intuition or direct access to the supra-
its own limits, where "1hc world is no longer any1hing more th,,n a coastline, at sensiti,·e, based on the sentiment of the sublime, a direct confrontation where the
once maritime and aerial." A description thus unfolds of what an extreme form of schema, no longer a means, indirect! y reveals the moments of its genesis. The limit
architecture and town-planning may be, where the bunker sen-C'Snot only as a for- is this constituti,·e self-aITecting movement, a production that ,·cdoubles and folds
tification, but as an autonomous factor in the grip of fluidity a monolithic archi- back temporality in the internal sense. The whole of phenomenological criticism
tecture erected like a foundation-less block on a sud'ace of sand. 'vVhile the limit is will a11cmpt to Yoid the function of the schcmMism, that tool which crystallizes
retained, like the principle of some ultimate spatialintion, power would no longer lime in presence, in a perpetuation of the now; but it will always collide with that

184 IIS
 fllDi:IIC MICAYIDU

Ro6,r1
(opo1'111 olloag,,,.,,, /',oud,r1i111
uoh;,;,,., la fonction du schematisme, eel outil qui cristallise le temps phenomenologie du corps combattont ou choque moment seroit jusqu'o l'obsurde
d'ocju.It do,1ou1ni •• W.,lha11< d'oop11tlomotl,ii ,om• dons la presence, dons une perpetuation du mointenant; une donation. La demarcation, lo limite doit inversement etre pensee comme une
mtnceaappuye,,u, ladittnl•dt.tOR appo,eil. II •pr,nd•
losG.I.•,qui,6p/01ren/11don,/'.,u d, laManche, le m· mois elle se heurtero toujours 6 ce principe de distonciotion unite o priori, non pos la destinotion, lo finitude, mois le fini, le dos. Lo guerre ne
Ire coli coal,,k sahle;rjptSIH/aoi tin oJl,martth
.... ltJ
~us de motlluCOIM'len,enl 6 tom.et.(opon'oplu1po11rse impose par la saisie intuitive kantienne. Ce chiosme, lieu peut plus ici se poser en terme d' opposition, d' oherite, lo guerre retrouverait son
protig,rquoladic/i,;tid, laplogeel"' n.,/, onldumo/
d'un non lieu, difference ontologique, sere perpetuellement stotut nietzscheen, celui d'une inscription antecedent 6 tout ordre, ou la limite
"oIt.nil.Dans.sonohjectilonn, roil qutd,s risogH
trlOOfWI •• , Y"",,.,.,1,, d, la lfJllllt ti d, ,., ... reconduit, developpont dons tous les textes de lo philoso- reste irreflechie. L'orgonique, le corps presque indetermine, crispe dons une
Paris·Mahh, ·n y Ojusll 'l'fnglOM,' KumiroHiito,fque,
6 /uin19H, Iiid;borquent',n' 791,6 Juln1961,p. 77. phie un etonnont vocobuloire spatial, celui d'une pre-spo- extose moterielle, echoppe olors 6 toute geometrisotion, ii ne porticipe d'aucune
tiolite non objective. Lo differAnce derridienne est bien un phenomena lite, deborde ce corps morcele, ce corps ,lunm J/ba,qu,m,•nr n'rn lirn ,\ rl,J "'· '·"

espocement, mois qui reste inobjectivoble, elle renvoie 6 tout un registre de mots sans orgone qui se fragmente sous les coups de la homm(I IJl'llrf('ll;air J,ms
jurqu·ou.\ 9tniJU\,
l'o!aU
J"f'lu'J ml-<01p1,Jus,qu'ou ,,-.u,fvuailli1p.,1 It Hnr,
qui toujours enoncent une proximite: la rive, le rivoge, la bordure, la couture, lo denotion intuitive. Le deborquement excede le terri· /;:J Ccldrt J'obus, It$ "Jlii'J Jc mltr.ull,usu. ~tlqun
srourts piir,w9hcr11 Jusqu'J fo plof/t, ciu 1jfiJ)'b pa,
dislocation, lo stricture, le seuil, le pa rage, lo ligne de demarcation ... (on retrouve toire, ii n'est pos une reconquete, ii ocheve la guerre a qm l..·urpariJiswJI lo!1tr soli1udt J,mi a Jh.:n Je
1abk ,,,,uglh ,Is nt fdtdH'nl 'lutj'111c.UtttJum-
ces metophores spotioles aussi bien chez G. Deleuze, chez J. Lacon, J.-F. ou plutot l'omene 6 l'idee d'une indifference, un con- h"u,( ap1J1 rl»tUl(•/1. 1/ n) (ll(llf rlus 911(,, qu'un
millh•r Jr 1c,n-inmu Sur l11pfo/}t,JiJntossiIH 011
Lyotord ... ). La proposition seroit alors pour nous, comment penser le deborque- flit sons limites qui n'est plus l'illimite de lo guerre 6 sapwtf, llS rt;: comburr.:Jltm p111.Us luuoiwl 1.:u/,.
ment en echappont 6 cette pre-spotiolite preservee sous )'intuition, comment outronce, ou son envers terrifiont, Hiroshima. mtnf cvniu lo mo,r, incopaMo Jc caurit O l"oif<Jur
Ju P"'"IS J'oppui. Q..utlqun-uM, mime. unrdr,nr
penser hors de ce chiasme sons partager, sons romener toute forme 6 la pure orien- Jom /'(i.JII c1ul In prorl9c•c1/tw '/ttd4ith' peo tr lu
m11rlt Its ram.·nd, rornm.· J•s ~p11,,1, ju.sqt1',mmi.1l-
tation de cette origine differonciee, 6 une dislocation (une deconstruction ... )? Les corps impropres, theorie de l'homme mort 9u ab11Ci'" Pou•a1tnr l~cJT<1J,,,
lo Ji9ut ou la 1-.J,.
,ittt Jc tl)chas.
Debarquer, ovoncer le corps, faire physiquement l'experience de lo limite, des Comment lire cette idee du debordement,
HistorlciMagHint, It dib1uq111ment;
le lour "'J"'
textes pourroient s'ecrire pour engoger cette ontologie du conflit, cette du debarquement, permanence de l'invasion, d'une n° 66, 1969,p. 1819.

Ro6etlCapa IslyingdoonInth, wolet6,hlnda ,1,e/ principle of alienation imposed by the intuiti,·e Kantian be concei"ccl of as a unity a priori, not the destination, and the finitude, but the
'hedg.hog.' W/lhM, borktothedeath,d,oling blockhous,
h, ,1,,1,10pm, 16,tr/gJtr ol hn''"'"'· Ht ·,1ioo1,' 16t appn:,hension. This chiasma, a place where there is no finite and the enclosed. Here, war can no longer be posited in terms of opposition
G.1.,wlo,,/101onthtit6ollios in 1h, "°'"'
ol 1h,English
pl.1ee, and an ontological difference, will be perpetually and otherness, otherwise, war would reacquire its Nietzschcan status, 1hc status of
Channel 1tom01h wedged ogoln<I lhe,ond,lirebockol tho
G,rmon1. .. M0tlat,h,/111to,ttofoll.AllthatCapo ho,/,It recurrent, de,·eloping an astonishing spatial vocabulary in an inscription anterior to any order, where the limit remains unconsidered. The
lo prole<I/umii IA,,/,pt ol lhe lr,oih,ondImntrm llt
ol IA,61,oHng point.Inbl, ,;,w/i•der, ol/you'" i, blood- e,·cry philosophical text- the Yocabulary of a 11011-objec- orga11ic, the almost indeterminate body, clenched in material ecstasy, then eludes
d,oinedfactswilhhaggard eyes,smokeandwot,,.
Poris~Match,·n y o j1nr1'l'ingrom,· H'umf:ro
His!oriqu1,
6 th·c pre-spatiality. The Derridian d!lferancc is, indeed, a all geometrintion. It is not part of any phenomcnality. It is not this parceled body,
Jane19◄4, 111
dtb11qut11', n• 791,Ju,e6 1964,p. 11. spacing process, but one that remains unobjectifiable. It this organ-less body which shatters under the blows of intuitive donation. The
refers to a whole register of wo,·<ls which always set forth and articulate a proximi- landings go beyond the territory. They are not a re-conquest. They t1nish off the
ty: the bank, the waterside, the shore, the edge, the rim, the border, the disloca- war, or rather they bring the war to the concept or an indiffc,·cnce a boundless
tion, the stricture, the threshold, the vicinity, the demarcation line ... (we also find conflict which is no longer the boundlessness of war to the bitter· end, to the death,
these spatial metaphors in Deleuze, L1ean, Lyotard ... ). So the proposition for us is or its terrif) ing verso, 1liroshima.
this: how are we to conceive of the landings in eluding this pre-spatiality preserved
beneath intuition? How arc we to conceh·e as much without cli,•iding and returning Improper Bodies: Theory of the dead man
all forms to a differentiating/deferring origin, a dislocation (a deconstruction ... )? How are we to read this idea of overspill, of landing, of ongoing irwa-
To land, to thrust the body forward, to experience the limit in a physical way .. . sion, of an appropriation of territory orchestrated by the unprecedented deploy-
many a text could be written to hroacl1 this ontology of conllict and warfare, this mC'nt of military technology? There is an historical, una\'owcd association between
phenomenology of the fighting warrior body, "·here each moment is a donation, "a territorial mastery and mastery of bodies, and I don't mean the Foucaldian rela-
gh·ing," lo the point of absurdity. The demarcation or limit should, on ihe contrary, tionship which distinguishes among the \'adous t1clds of an archaeology of power.

188 189
 fl!OIII( MIGHlOU

appropriation du territoire orchestree par le deploiement sons precedent de la piegee, impossible, prise dons un chaos qui suspend A H•l n~nu:e, la pr•~~ire v~g~e
d•~1aau: d·~nta~ter1e toucr.~ra
technologie militoire? II y o une relation historique, jamais avouee entre la le continuum temporel, annihile toute distance te11e .... To~t :e nonde seta e~
unifo~~e d'assaut ~ ora~de
maitrise du territoire et la maitrise des corps, non pas la relation foucoldienne d'objectivation. Les technologies d'enregistrement poches, l'arne A ld rain, 1~
qui distinguerait les chomps d'une orcheologie du pouvoir, mois ici l'epuisement c~arQenen: su~ le do Chaque
s'y trouvent elles·aussi brouillees faute d'une con·
hoMme porter~ en plus de eon
et l'occomplissement de lo figure phenomenologique, celle qui encore distingue, science exterieure, photos floues presque synop· ar~e person~~l!e et de son
nac6riel de sp~ci3.tr.6:
portage le domoine d'une pre·spotiolite, celle qui se donne lo limite, le terme, lo tiques de Robert Copa, images syncopees de Samuel l rrasque A g~z. 5 tJrenadea
[le, fusilllers ec :es co~pe~rs
frontiere comme lo perpetuelle reconduction d'une finalite, d'une destination, Fuller. "Atterres," "petrifies," "en proie a une de b4rCeles a~rortt, en outrP,
J grenadas i fu7~e •• paq~•t d~
d'un usage oriente de lo dispensation du temps. Sur lo ploge, ii n'y a finolement etronge lethargie," le vocobuloire denote un sus·
T.IJ.1 avec !us6es. 6 ~atio~s.
toujours eu que quelques corps, des corps qui toujours font une experience pri· pend de toute action, de toute perception, un arret (J rac.io:)s-K, 3 i:.ot.ions-D)].
Toue les v6:e~e~t5 ero~t
mitive, corps molades qui devroient se ressourcer, corps de ploisir obondonnes, du temps, un suspend qui prend presque lo forme !cpt~~nis d'-n p~od~i~ a~ti
gal, Les hom~es de cette pre-
en demonstration, et un corps extreme, un corps unique, celui du soldot mart, d'une epoque onthropologique. Ces corps plonges mi~re vaguQ porceront choc~n
corps strotegique, controint, qui lui, devroit faire I' experience de lo fin, corps dons I' eou glocee, engonces sous les uni formes, deux ceintures de •~uveca~•·
Les &r~es et le mat6t~el sero~t
destine, projete vers so propre linitude. J' oi repris taus les textes, taus ces livres alourdis par l'equipement, semblent ramenes a ~oalerrent po~rvcs de ceintures
de 8t\Uvetage.
aux couvertures occrocheuses qui retrocent l'evenement, le 6 juin 1944, qui sont !'experience premiere de leur focticite, corps Grn1Hllond, I, 4ihrqutmtot 6 l•i• 1944, 14.A.
101114,P11i,,19SI,p. 216.
comptables de la bonne restitution en des polemiques d'historiens ou l'illusoire machine ou corps phenomenal toujours en ecort
verite de l'histoire s'est muee en strategie d'une construction de la validite. De d'un corps originaire. En termes husserliens, cette
toute cetle litterature, de ces milliers de pages, on ne peut curieusement extroire difference a soi que suppose le jugement, lo determination possible de soi
que quelques lignes sur le moment du deborquement, la description y semble s'offre entre les moments du moi phenomenologique et se confond ovec le moi

Th<u •01110 suchd1ln9 dJ' d Jr) lunJln9. 11u mtn It is, rather, the obsolescence and fulfilment of the phe- tlealing with the actual moment of the Landings. lt1
pushtJ 1hrough 1ht oater up ro thti, knus, ua1JH A~ H • t rrirrnte, :he first
dnd n,•t:AJ,lushrJ bJ 1ht i-·;nJ, shdl ~ums. (JnJ nomenological ngu,·e which still makes distinctions in, and these lines, the language seems booby-trapped and sli- !nfo~try assault ~av~ will
nuzd1lnt•:Jllnj,rt. Somr 9roupJjloundtud dm, 110) touch land .... Evetybociy will
adio,,, w lttr.!, t«·uif,tJ by rh(i, t1pror.:ntt.1foncncuin di\·ides, the domain of a p1·e-spatiality; it acconls itself the ncd, c,rnght up in a chaos which suspends the tempo• be in assault unifor~ with
rhot lll'rtJJ wunr cmJ hl,ndi!J, rh9 Jld nol Jmo1111hat larqe pockets. ~eapon in tand,
limit, the terminus, and the boundary as the pcrpctllal reit• ral continuum, and does away "·ith any objectivizing packs o~ backs. Each nan w 11
to do.. ,, lllllf an h'1Uteftu 11-huur, th,•,~ wcrt f,ard;
d rhC1uulh,I Jur1hou on ,N or also car:ry, in add1tio:-i co his
~llch. lnjamrynitn eration of a finality, of a destination, and of an oriented distance. Recording technologies also turn out to be
rapptu. 1ht) kt,t lnn,quflghung, rltt)' nmr lim-
no pe1aonol weapon and his special
p~- ftrll!J,qfmg ai,almt Jcmh, un(1bli-'" rim onJ practice of temporal dispensation. On the beach, in the blurred and confused, for lack of an external con- equipment: 1 gas mask, 5
ouod:. tht h,ut.s of opurnlom. Smut efth,·m tltn umt gren~des (~ar:nea and barted-
bod.: m101N 11ou,, •lii<h rrouacJ ,Mm a /,ult, final analysis, there ha,·e always been just a few bodies, sciousness, Robert Capa's out of focus, almost synoptic ~ir• c~tters will al~o have 4
anJ rhc 11JtJ,,199eJ thtrn, lilu so mun)' nruh ,,,.fiu smok~ gren~des. 1 pdck of T~T
bodies which always undergo a primordial experience, ail- photos, Samuel l'uller's syncopated images. wi:!i fu5es, 6 :-ationa 13 i<
as tht t11t'19trshdtt·r ~!Jertd b)" the hrra.kwaw or du
jL·ttJ «Dumfoundccl," "pctril,ed," "prey to a strange lethar- ra~ions, l 0-ratior.s) i. All
HOnt ing bodies which need to build up their strength, aban-
His.tor lo M•tetiH, lt Dihr~nmut, le jou • r, clo:h1ng will be i~preg~ated
•• 66, 1969,p. 1889. doned bodies of pleasure on display, and an ex11·eme, gy" the ,•ocabulary denotes a suspension of all actiot1, wiLh an ~nti-gas product. The
~e~ in this first wave will
unique body, the body ol' the dead soldier, a strategic, con- all perception, a halt of time, a suspension which each carry two life bal~s.
~eapons and e~~ipnen: will also
strained body which, for its part, must undergo the experience of the end, a almost assumes the form of an antluopological epoch. have lifebo:ts at:achecl.
G,o,gu Blond, h Diborqotmnt 6 Juli 1944, Id.A.
doomed body projected towards its own finitudc. I ha,·c reviewed all the articles These bodies immersed in free7jng water, encumbered
foyord, fo,i1, 19S8, p, 216.

and documents, and all the books with their eye-catching co,·ers which retrace the by their uniforms, weighed down by their equipment,
occurrences of June 6, 1944, and which arc accountable for its proper reinstate- seem lo be brought back 10 the primary experience of their facticity-a machine-
ment within the polemics of historians, where the illusory truth of history has body or a phenomenal body, always separate from an odginal body. In Husscrlian
llirnccl into a strategy for constructing validity. In this entire literature, running to tenns, this cliffen,nce in self that is presupposed by judgement, the possible deter-
thousands of pages, it is, oddly, impossible lo extract more than a handful of lines mination of self, is ofiered bet"·een the moments of the phenomenological ego and

ltO 191
 primordiol
r"tOIII( M.IGAYIOU

dons le flux de l'experience vecue. C'est meme ce sujet phenome· des combottonts, elle renvoie 6 l'inodequotion de l 'inYulio11
I ..

d'un,orps1,onuendonlol
11overse
11)Ult

nologique qui deux moterioux, co·incidence ou lo choir doit ceder l'C1uvre

de Muluu•Ponly;
ellen'oui'i'e1oulelois
jomoi,0
CE G.I. N'A FAIT QUE OUELQUESPAS SUR LE SOLDE FRANCE
semble piege, devont I' out ii technologique. Ainsi sont censurees ins11),irtr
l'imp,opritliduco1pspourlul-mem,
au plut01
Ch(t((ln ,u souluJjhW plcli qut J, pmitnlr uu rirng.-,
le corps romene 6 un point onnule (Nullpunlct) de l'espoce, toutes ces photographies de corps tordus por vne,triroblep1ogmarique
de ce,o,pslfonmndontal.Les
cf nl' 10)011 J'dulrt mu..-. I"'"' klwrr--·rdU Or.
l-uo1trmtnt '"nun11J sur /;:1nu1 lru que J, h' jth't 0 toute perception gelee ou frocos des explosions, son sons !'explosion, demembres, col· ooivirisde la viequo11ditnne,
lomanlpulotio,11
dts ohjets
J'rna ,1 J,· 9c19nc, JucOt,•0 la rt,1:1e.. llai$ /11ur ~Ou,·isCUI /'lft'!ft<Hiori 'II.I( l.>UJ /11 O(CUfJRU J1Jl(l'II

JquJr~,;..,tl l11Jrl ,rop lourJ. Q.u,lqu,·s•ururluHiUtll determination, accord vibrant d'une Stimmung indefinie. cines, qui risquent de reconduire devit1nHtoulGnlde 1t9111enh, i une
t1uioun1e,and111ifs
rou,tant Q Si' m-,#nfrnr, Qfl,•t ftcoJucoup juttnl rrnj;:rb en/ \11r. OCJ ('lJJ,J11tJ tl Jr, m,m~u, lp,irt
blntb !!I sc no)i"nr. Ra,.ofuunr etu.~ 'lui le soldot seroit tenu 6 cet envers possif de toute synthese, l'imoge de lo perte d'identite du synlh6stu.1erieure.'Sffe sv/sau/$ 0 ma lab/, el queie
a11cl91ilrfnf /11 t/lt. Li.1 .sirna,h111) i1i.1i1 J11~l~·ma1t
Uh~mi>iunl llllhlllf Jc l'tr,.111- il'I f,11. Ta,IU lrJ
en de,;6 meme du seuil de lo possivite, motiere sons eten· soldot. Ce corps outil, piece l1 tillplroael111,un,11101 4tla oroht
,ellille01t,inJre 1
inttnublt. ,Is ujlu}unl r-eu la mu ,1 s)· aJlonS::um
h,-.mm..·,.'"'""'' Jn roirtu. ,11,1,s, 4'no)t, Je n.i9cr
0 pldl 1..-nu, nc lui,wm pa;.su '(Ul lu ,iu,. Puu 1/1 due, immanence rodicole de soi. Deborquer pour ottein· ve,sl'ob/el,fo,,drtssemenl
dutronc,la a,ntroclion
des
meconique hors d'usoge ne doit
a1 onchi:m t'n wmportt a muurr qui: la mmh m,,nra-. ;ur~u',j fa rt(lprc J"u,.:ntt -1iJ1 /C1L1IJJ1 Hu Iv mer ,1
lu Jif.:nus uecct.101"' Je 1',wMmi l,•ttr Unrau l1w dre un illimite du corps, l'occomplissement d'une pensee pos perturber lo propogonde "'"'"" desjomhH1'1or1l,pp101 l'o• 1'••111.... Ainsilo
d&'COUH"ll ,, a Jul /LIUf /r:ur prL11'."ction'Ill·,,, fdHlr'I· t(>l'&.ffit """' nN11 Jn11.1nJ1;1m « 'lu.,lj,1/1.itt fll1t<. un

IC'nl O9.i9tttt It s,Jblt fl<. D.im l't1pacc de Jn mi- de so limite, de so finitude ou meme de son morcelle· humoniste des ormees. II ne s'ogit connulondess,gmenlsdeno1,,tarpsti cell,de notre
IOffi /dr11 t(U ft,Jl'Uh.l ftt ,1its CC f'IJ/i~HJI r1~$ J£ mW,
ni/Ir,, fo rnmp119nlt .t n· ,ro1J1a J~cimit, ,fo J,,owJc
1·intJI minuu1. ti!, rt'Jw/1 p/u1 q,i 'un,:, Jriflmc
ment. Mois lo guerre doit cacher ce qu'elle produit, seule meme plus de ce dernier corps el d, nolle Hpi,i,nce lodil, n, H
tipl,ltnct Yiruel/e
II{~.; un b,uu _p.,,.,lK'
p.1ifJuu1:.:n1 ;u1:u,o1n1 ·-
po19nJc J'jnJhiJuf ob;un;, d JUIIU-U t't chttd'h,nf lo dimension slrotegique de l'evenement prime, lo guerre humoniste broye por lo premiere ttoti1enlpordeproc~,ertprochepo, acctJm11fallon
.... le
au.inf htill l~·ut s;1lut, (orneliu,Ryan,le iour It plus long,(d. R.loflonl,
Jo,roolde mor,htdu hr Batonlo,du t 16imt R.I., doit rester impensoble, elle sepore les causes et les effets, guerre industrielle, corps des n1ouembl1posIts parliude mantorp1un, 4 une;ttlte
6 Juio1944. Pori,,1963,p. 19L
elle doit etre con,;ue, percue, comme un occident, un tronchees de 1914· 18 socrifies lradut1i1net eel auembfogesonl (airsune fois pour to111e

occident permanent. II o toujours follu cacher le corps por centoines de milliers, choir encore plongee dons en moi:lls'"nl mon,o,p1mfme."

pris por les outils de lo destruction militorisee. lo blessure une tourbe phenomenologique ou lo lerre pouvoit Mou1i<e
Merlea,,Ponty,
P~inomi1ol•9iedt 11 pe,cep-

n' o plus la noblesse hero'ique d' une rencontre physique encore sembler etre un principe de disposition. Avec liao, Ed.t,I, Gollimord,
1978,p. 74-7S.

becomes me,-gcd with the primordial ego within the llux of a result, censorship screens out all those photographs Aif an.>/,o,~-kunrtd H'1H 10 rtur:h the Jhotc, cmJ
ntiboJ) rnu l.m) tlfl1,:,, 11'1J Olli, to 01·0,J 1hr_{lrt
li"cd experience. It is even this phenomcnologic·al subject or bodies rnangil'd by explosions, dismembered, cfou{>tOftanftauJ on ,~ Jh1pJ, f-pr,o l,op Int.> 1ht
nattt anJ s~lm ai.ltNt. Btu ihl"lr ,qu1pnlt'm uoJ fco
which seems booby-trapped; the body seems brought back charred- photographs which run the risk or renewing h£t11)', Some efihrni n.--H:nhrl~·u11wna9£J to h•cp
aj1ool. .lfony 11cli.' 11ounJ.tJL1rtJJr,111neJ. Fe"'
to a can(·clled point (1\'u//punk1) of space; and all perception the image of the soldicr·'s loss or identity. This body-
rtorh,J rhc•Nach 1 hrre, ,ht 11tu0Uon '"" 1u~,0:1
seems frozen in the cacophony of explosions, indeterminate tool, a de-commissioned mechanical part, must not unt.·n,1Mt. Tl,~-m,n tumcJ bock M rht' Jt'a In J,owr
c111JJu;·in H (trl 1hilr h,rllfrs. u/,11 JrHt 1hd1 h,·,r.ls
sound, the dbrating harmony of an undcftned S1immun9. The soldie,- is bound to undermine the humanist propaganda promoted by fh,111 mg. fht·n tht) ()JmnuJ tr1111/in9 Llf th,• 11J,
rnst. fhc ,ncmJ 's .t<ttJu•rJ Jc_finq1ao•t ,h,m some
this passi,·e reversal of all synthesis, even beyond the threshold of passh ity, mat• armies. \Vhat is i,woh-ed is not e,·cn that last human• ('(Utt onJ H 11or 1ha1 rhf)
unJu 1hdr p101CC1ion
m1m{J91•Jlo rrnch 1/1r J,)' sanJ. fn JtlU Uti mlnur,$,
ter without extension, radical immanence of sci f. Landing to altain a hounclless- isl hody IJlilverizcd hy the first industrial war those
A CL1mpon1 1rn1 Julm.u,J. ,ifr.:1 Hh'nlJ mlmu,,, oJI
ness of the body, the fulfilment of a conception of its limit, its ftnitudc, or c,·en bodies in the trenches of the First \\/oriel \Var, sacri• ,hat ,rmamc·J a fin)" JumJ{ul efJoa9cJ tnJnrJ•
ll(Jj

uiJ/1. .,II lookin9 ..Jir,t onJ j1Jumorr,.f, 1r a 5,-!frha,cn.

its piec•edness. Out war must conceal what it produces, and present just the stratc• ficcd by the hundreds of tho11sands, flesh still log ottht hi battolio•of lhe 116thI.R.,

gic dimension of the immersed in a phenomenological turf where the earth 6 l•••1944.
THIS G.I. OHLY TOOKA FEW STEPSON FRENCHSOIL
primary C\'Cnt. \Var could still seem lo he a principle of disposition. With the Landings, the body is
must remain unthinkable. It makes distinctions between causes and effects. It is already a dynamic artifact of research and de,·clopment; it must respond directly to
always concei,·ed of as an accident, an on-going accident. It has always been nec- the syncopes of the technological din or disappear. Destruction wrought on an
cssa1·y to conceal the body in the grip of the tools of militarized destrnction. indu.<trial ~cale ticks off bodies by 1he million_ Millions of corpses all lumped
\•\founds no longer ha,·c the heroic nobility inherent in a physical clash between togethe,- into a mass of inert matter, rejects ancl cast-offs of a higher technological
combatants. \>\founds arc now associated with the absence of assimilation between necessity. \Var to the death. \Var in,·ents the appalling concept. the idea ofa body
two materials a coincidence where the flesh yields to the technological tool. As \\hid,, for one and all, is permanently improper. Cudously enough, the soldier

1'2 193
 r1EoiJr:1C MIGlYIOU

le debarquement, le corps est deja un artefact dynomique de l'ingenierie, ii doit valide lo notion d'une definitive impropriete du corps, sans essence, sons unite,
repondre immediotement aux syncopes du fracas technologique ou disporaTtre. un corps sons synthase qui se multipliera en outont de segments, homeomorphie
Lo destruction a l'echelle industrielle decompte les corps par millions, millions de permonente de Muybridge ou Morey reprise par Duchamp, et qui s'elend main·
carcasses confondues en un moleriou inerte, rebut d'une necessite technologique tenant a toutes les dimensions de l'octivite humoine, demoteriolisont le corps en
superieure, la guerre a oulronce. Lo guerre invente l'epouvontoble concept, aulonl de procedures et de fonclions. Qu'en est-ii de (u images santd,1 txtmplts dtJ tlimtfl/JsouJJrails cilo
l'idee d'un corps, qui pour tous, soil definitivement impropre. Curieusement, le ce corps roisonnoble, si bien quontifie qu'il delimi· Yuedupublic laul aulongde lagueue.( ,ti, quitMRlte It
,o,psJ'unUJIHJ0Jnt1icoi11 1 wt Jiro.s s.r,tioMt ,,;s deloi
soldat qui deborque, noye sous le leu et lo mitroille a deja integre le principe de toil tout un chomp scientilique de so deroison? prorit.nl ,/'IHIfilm,011t1Mililles ti demi,'°'91le,;,,, st
1ifj1ed lalriqu~nct orecJuquelft unroliolom~ri,oin ilait
so propre disporition, ii ovance a decouvert el n'est pas protege dons le cocon Qu'en est-ii de ce premier loctum, ce dernier sub· tut.... 1esolllci,,scens1uoienl tovtophor~g,aphio monl,onl
dessofdals omlritolnspu&in,ft con1,6lt d'tvr mimes,
du bunker. Le corps du soldot est l'envers du corps monipule, exlermine dons les slrol d'une raison exterieure qu'il fallail evocuer maiJenderarHotcafions iJsloint11lnt po,airr,du irno9es
,.,,.,..., q.,tq., thosed4l'un,otl(>lytbe/ogiqw d, lo
comps de concentration, ii est un corps absent, lotolement transparent a pour le pouvoir totolitoire? Le corcon de Damien,
911ure.
l'ingenierie qui l'o forme, ii est un corps meconique, une piece du dispositif. Le comme une enveloppe exterieure, forme negative G.H.Ro,d.,,n, Cumed Wor,YoleUnh·,11i1y
Preis,
1913,p.36.
corps extermine resiste, ii fascine, ii encombre, ii resle immemorial, corps illi- qui redouble son ecartelement, le long supplice dont
mites des tohitiens de V. Segolen. Et c'est bien ce refus d'une inscription lo description inaugure Surveiller el Punir, s'esl etendu en une architecture
rotionnelle de lo temporolite que lo machine d'exterminotion lento d'errodiquer, infinie. Ces hommes couches, ces hommes morls derriere les croix de metal qui
offomonl, broyont, consumant les corps par milliers. Lo choir, telle qu'elle etoit constelloienl les ploges impose celle progmolique
presenlee par Husserl, n'offre meme plus ce medium universal d'une donation d'un corps elendu. Penser l'immonence de ce corps
des corps dons lo nature propre, elle n'esl pas plus le principe differencionl de "meta-physique," penser ce corps delinitivement
lo dispersion selon lo lecture de J. Derrida dons Geschlechl. Oui lo guerre a impropre, voile ce qu'oulorise !'intense moment du

Theinvenrion
of a 110n111ndenral
bodyp.,m,a11dlhe caught up in the landings, drowned in nre and a hail of unh·ersal medium of a "gift" of bodies in nature prop•
work.8ul ii nnt1 q1ilerao■•
wh,lt or Mt:rleor•Ponly's bullets, has already incorporated the principle of his m, n er. 1t is no longer the differentiating principle of dis-
ag" to t1lobli1h
rhelmproprlely
of rh, bodyper"• or, disappearance. I le ad,·ancc-s, c-xposed to c-nemy f1re, and is pc rsal, according to the reading of Derrida in
folhr, o vuiloblep,ogmolinof rhislronscenden1ol not protected in the cocoon of the Ccschlccht. Yes, war has "alidatecl the notion of a per-
"'Do,is l1r1Jrh, impuuior, 1hoc'111r>u:oaupam1
Thoa<liviliu,I mryd,y lifeandrh, moni,uf,.
body. bunker. The body of the soldier is the manc-nt impropriety of the body, essence-less, unity•
• 11u, l1Url,J lnro rlr,?o,r. S,011,uJ co1puJ onJ
1io11of objuh beco.-.11011oayngmenl\, ol'fiOJ\ reverse of the manipulate-cl body, the less, a body without synthesis which will be split up into so many segments, per-
limb1fdl "" o,ounJ 1 hf' blozm9 11 ,tcl:, 'I utw
,efeuedbocklo on u111nol,ynlhesis.~,,I amsiWngot body exterminated in the ,·oncentralion manent homcomorphy of ML1ybridge or Marcy, taken up by Dudrnmp, and which
mt•n. like Mud J,,tf, ttpn9 10 :1wJm10 rht 9asolinc
mylob/,ondI won/lopltk up /he 1,/,phon,,1h, move- camps. It is an absent body, one totally 110\\' extends into c,·ery <lin,cnsion of hurnan acti\-ity,
shclr 1h01 -.auru0Jin9
Rttnlof myAoadlow11d,lh oliietl, lht ,11oig1r1,.ltlgof
on:, the uu. und 01 •.1·,
transparent to the engineering that made dematc-riali7ing the body into as many procedures and
Tltt,e""119"ore,...,,,., of ,..,.,iol
k1p1ert of pol,/ir
,;.,, lo, mollof1h,wo,, rlre••• ,hoori•g lhebodyofon
1o1cu w·onJ,11n9 11h.tr ~, shou/J Jo, a hraJku
mybark,thetonltotlioo ol lh, marriesin myleg, all it. It is a mechanical body, a part of the functions. And what of this reasonable body, so well Amt,icon so/lierwMta sevutdounntorby;so slillf,oma
torsoflrw th,,wl7h rh, air an,I J,mJi>Jdos~· ro ur
filmlhol look;,, lille, TwoandO,e,Holl Mlnulu,fromln1
tnvrloponeanollm.... Inlhlsway,lheconn"rlonof ,he de,·ice. The exterminated body resists; it quantified that it delimited a whole scientific field s/ali1licof howol1tnan Am.,iton,a/dl,r ••• kill,d....
1o1·ith
o Jull 1/J11.f
rho! 11".cJ.fto1uf1.)1Jrk,nin9. •- Olliriol,«nm1d ell pholag,oph, ,hawingAmtliton,a/.
ugmenrso/ ou, 6odyonJtAeconntttion of ourriJuoJ intrigues; it encumbers; it remains with its unrcason> \Vhat of that f1rst factum, that last di,,s losiAg 1aRl1oJol1A,o,s,/v,s~
6,,,,M ,,,, 0<1osioos
(1mli11 Ryon, Th hogest Day,10ll011,
P11i1, /heylid teltolf pA,1og1ap/u ,aggeslltlg,,..t1hltlgoflhe
off toclileti.pt1iea11011a,, acltit'rt4sltp 6yste-pby immemorial-houndles~ bodies of substratum of an exterior reason which had to be p,y,hologital impotlof wo,.
1963,p, 191.
ottumulalion
.... f donotassemble
lhepa,lsa(mybody Segalen's Tahitians. And it is, indeed, this voided for totalitadan power? Damian'$ iron collar, G.H.RO!der, Th CeuuredVlor,YoloUn1,.,,1,,Pren,
1993,p. 36.
on, by one;tMs,,a,ulolJ'on
ond11,is
onemblogtoccur refusal of a rational inscription of temporality that the- like an outer Cn\'elope, a negati,·e form which redou-
.. ,. endlo, o/1i• "'" 1k11011 ,., o<lo•Iiody.• extermination machine cndea,·orcd to eradicate, by stan • bles his quartering, and the long torture, the description of which launches
Mt1leo■•Ponly1 Phhomt1.10logi1 4t lo
Mot.ni(e
pmopllon,Gollimord,
Porl1,1978,pp.74-IS. ing, pulverizing, and consuming bodies in the thousands. Di<ciplinc and Punish: Birth efthe Primn, h,,s been extended into an inl1nite architcc•
Flesh, as presented by I lusscrl, no longer even offers tha1 ture. These prone men, these dead men behind the metal crosses scattered o,·cr

19 ◄ 19 S
 fRIOIRI( MIGAYROU

Les :roupes de defenses d'Omaha

deborquement. "Nous sommes tous des soldots inconnus" disoit P. Virilio dons mort reste identique a lui·meme et c'est bien cette Beact Conpre~aie~t SOI de non
Allemands .... Les livrets 6e
un texte sur lo societe civile. Cheque corps dait integrer cette continuite du dis· identification, cette nature externe qui le laisse la, soldes serene de huits nodeles
demontele, morcele. Mourir n'est plus penser sa
difterencs, a savoir-: 1°, pour
cours de l'ingenierie, cheque protique articule le corps sur des obiets qui contin· :es ~~sses, :es Ukrainiens et
:es Rutb.e::1es: 1:.vret r~sse; 2°,
gentent les protiques, les ordonnenl en des procedures repetitives. Le deploce· fin, projeter lo mort, mois bien, sans definition,
pout l es Cosaques: :. i vret
cosaque; 3°, pour les Arnjniens:
ment oulomobile, les nourritures preporees, le safe sex, le tourisme de mosse, etre le Fini.
livreL a~!'fl.enien; 4°, pour les
Azerbaidjanais: livret aze=-
lout demontre que lo logique de l'emploi du temps qui contingentoit les corps est baidjanais; 5°. po:...ir les
Factualite de l'evenement long Gecr~iena (y co~pris les
devenue une logique de constructions temporelles complexes au chocun doit se
Adschars, lea Sud-Ossetans et
plier a lo simultoneite du continuum technique. Lo mart de l'homme omenee par Y·o-t-il un maintenont du deborque· les Abscharsl
6°, po~r
livret
les Aidges,
g6org~en;
les
M. Foucault comme lo limite d'un chomp epistemologique doit oussi etre com· ment? Peut-on rassembler un ensemble disparate Harbadirr.es, les Karatje?res. les
Balkars, les Circassier:s, les
prise comme le terme de la mart, d'une marl touiours ossimilee a lo finitude de de moments qui pourroient induire une histoire du Nord-Ossetar.s,
Ta~i~nes, les
les
Dagast6res
:ngous, les

l'homme. Penser la mart, le lerme de l'humoin reconduit encore l'idee d'un deborquement. Le point de reference est un (Kalmouks, Avares, Lakes,
Dargines, etc.) livre: nord-
terme, d'un temps chronique qui occompogneroit tout mouvement reflexif moment historique qui se tient a lo limite de toute cauca$ ien; 7°, pour ~es
'Turkenes, les L"zbek:s, les
de la pensee, conscience de lo mort, proximite a la fin qui desen· obiectivotion. II est "iour-J," "Heure-H," ii est un Kazaks, les Kirghizes, les
Karakalpaks, les Tadj iks;
gogeoit le present. Avec lo seconde guerre mondiale, lo mort devienl temps sequencie en actions qui s'immobilisent sur livret tur:.,_estar.; 8°, po·.;r ~es
'Ta~ars de la Volga (Tatars de
ephemere, elle n'est permonente que d'un octe, aucune conscience une plage sons echappotoire. La ploge du debor- Kazan), les Bachkirs, les
Tchouvaches parlant le tatar,
ne lo retient. Et si pourtont lo mort s'historicise, c'est mains en mo· quement deviendrait la parabole d'un impossible les Maris, les Merdvir.es, les
Oudnounes: livret des ":'a-cars de
numents qu' en "memorial" effo~ont oussi bien la trace des corps obiet phenomenologique, indescriptible, ineffable l.a Volga. G.81ond, lib.
le dibarquemenl,
I. foyord,Peri,,1918,p. 171-76.
que les temporolites liees traditionnellement a la mort. Le corps puisque incoherent aux visees des consciences,

the beaches, they dictate this pragmatics of an extended body. The n1onun1cnls as in "n1e1norials," thus obliterating nol The defensive troops o::-:i Ona.ha
Beach consisted of no~-
50\
conception of the immanence of this "meta-physical" body, together only the trace of bodies but also the temporalities Gerrn.ans .... There eig-h:.
were
differe~t kinds of pay-books,
with the conception of this inevitably improper body is what authorizes traditionally associated with death. The dead body nan.ely: 1. for RuEsia:1s,
Uk~ainians and White Russians:
the intense moment of the Landings. "\\fe're all unknown soldiers," remains identical to itself, and it is this identifica- Russian book; 2. for Cossacks:
cossack book; 3. for .;r~e:1iar-.s:
said Virilio in an essay about civil society. Each body must incorporate tion, this extrcn,c nature, ,,·hich lea,·es it there, Arnen itsrl book; 4. for
Azerbaija;lis: A2erbaij.!Hii book;
this continuity of the engineering discourse, each practice articulates dismantled and parceled out. Dying is no longer 5. for Georgia~s tinclu6ing
conceh·ing one's end, projecting death, but rather, Adshars, South Ossetiane an6
the body around objects which establish practices, and arrange them in Abshars): Georgian book; 6. for
beyond definition, being the finite. Aiges, Harbardins, Karatjers.
repetitive prncedures. Tra,·el by car, take-out food, safe sex, mass tourism, eYery- Balkars, Circassians, North
Ossetians, Ing;;.sh, Takia:1s,
thing demonstrntes that the logic behind the use of time, "·hid, used to allocate Oagestanis (Kalrr,uks, Avars,
bodies has become a complex, temporal logic of constructions, in which everyone Factuality of the long Event Laks, Oai-gins etc. i: North
Caucasian book; 7: Eor Turkmen,
must comply with the simultaneity of the technical continuum. The death of man Is there a "now" to the Landings> Is it pos- U2bek£, Kaza'.<.s, Kirghiz is,
Karakalpaks, ~adzhiks:
introduced by Foucault as the limit of an epistemological field must also be under- sible to assemble a disparate set of moments which Turkestan book: 8. for Volga
Tatars (Kazan Tao:.ars),
stooc.l as the end of death, of a death inqriably assimilated to the finitude of rnan. might infer a history of the Landings? The point of DachkiTS, 'Tatar-speaking
C!n:v.ak:s, Mari$, Merdvin£,
In concei,·ing of death, human terminality rene"·s, yet again, the idea of a term, a reference is an historical moment which irwolves the t:dmuns: Volga 'Ta~ar book.
G.Blond, A.foyord,Poril,1958,
le Deborq,emenl,
chronic time that would accompany any reflcxi,·e mm·emcnt of thought, awareness limit of all objecti,·ization. It is D-Day, I-I-hour. It is
pp. 175-6.

of death, a proximity to the end releasing the present. \Viti, the Second \-Vorld a time sequenced in actions which become frozen on

\.Var, death becomes ephemeral. It deri,·es permanence only from an act. No con- a beach with no escape route. The beach where the Landings occurred woulc.l

sciousness retains it. /\nd yet, if death becomes historicizecl, it is not so much in become the parable of an impossible, indescribable, ineffable phenomenological

I 96 197
 ftlolt1c MIGHIOU

bosculees dons une phenomenolite irrepresentoble. le moment du deborquement selectif, ii se contonne a une reprise des points de vue a portir
I du littoral, para·
pourroit s'eriger en objet phenomenologique obsolu, referent ultime qui ne se doxolemenl celui des soldots ollemonds, regard d'une ollenle, regards portes
monifesle jomois. le deborquement seroit un commencement, une ouverture du por lo moitrise du lerritoire. le louriste vienl se heurler a lo restitution d'un
terriloire, le debut d'un temps inossignoble. lnversemenl, celle obsolue ponctuo· moment qui n'esl demonslrotil que de so temporalite. la tenlolion est grande de
lite du temps, cette singulorite sons determination pourroit etre un non·temps, un simuler, de jouer des roles
a loute
Omoho
"ii y a" se refusont

hochovoll!11dl,hiedonsle""' d, lolongum
synthese. Alin d'eviter toute tenlotion d'une restitu·
lion, d'une reconstitution, d'un "Re·enoclment," ii n'y
comme dons cerloins jeux,
de vivre le moment his·
C'ETAIT L1HEUREH
e.n•uh sttli1ns. Pour,ha,ues~liH, 11p1og1011r114, aura it d' oulre echoppotoire que de portoger lo com· torique comme aux lravers tous ces usons et lumieres" qui ont envohis le
tloitprbu minule
l'1nu:iu1 parmin11redel'hu,eH,Smi-
nulu fusqu'oH,221.A H,221le dlb01quem"Idevail prehension de l'evenement entre deux ordres, celui de lo domoine patrimonial. Comment hisloriciser ce qui sembloit bien elre un
avairiti ,ta!lseet lu premiers
ab[ullfsalleinh.
synthese, ou celui de lo discontinuite. le foil du debar· oboutissemenl de toules les conceptions speculotives de l'histoire. Le mur de
quemenl n'oflre oucune prise a l'histoire. II est possible de multiplier a l'infini les I' Atlantique etoil lui·meme un musee, un conservatoire des techniques el des
lemoignoges, les recits, de demonlrer moteriellemenl l'engogement des differenles objets de lo guerre precedente, tourelles de chars reodoples sur les bunkers,
parties, de decouper l'action en sequences, d'identilier les moments selon un onciennes conceptions de lo fortification, toute lo syntaxe du genie militoire se
decoupage arithmetique de l'oction. Pourlonl l'heure "H", ou "H+ 1" ne porle que romosso sur les sites du deborquement, el ceci oussi bien du cote Allie, pour
du temps, ii n'y a meme pas un lieu, un personnoge, un nom, l'objet referent est finolement ne romener l'evenement qu'au previsionnel d'un minutoge de
le temps lui·meme, un temps inossignoble a un present, a un instant. Le jour·J est l'oclion. Poul Virilio definil eel occomplissemenl de lo geslion terriloriole comme
un evenemenl sons lemoin. le touriste vient lui oussi observer les sites, mois un une v-chronie generolisee ou l'ingenierie se retourne sur so propre gestion du
regard efface I' outre. Ce qui doil etre vu ce sonI les traces du conllit, le voir est temps. l'economie de lo delimitation spoliole, de la separation comme lemur de

object, ineffable by being incoherent for the glimpses of consciences, collapsed into of the points of view from the coastline, paradoxk-ally OmahaBeo<h iatoeijll ,.. ,ion~fo,
w01 dividtdltng1h·•i1•
to<h
Sfdionrht111'd1p,og,o,o• ., plcMed nntle •1 ,..,, ..
a phenomenality that cannot be represented. The moment of the Landings might be in relation to that of the German soldiers. An eye on l,omH-Sminule110
H+211.
AlHt 21Sthelonding,, •.,, lo
1,,. b,en<0mple1,d
ond1h,iolllolobje<limollointd.
established as an absolute phenomenological object, the ultimate referent "'hich expectation, eyes drawn by the mastery of the territo·
ne,·er sho"'s itself. The Landings \\'Ould be a begi1111ing, an opening-up of territory, ry. The tourist c·omes and collides \\'ith the reinstatement of a moment demonstra•
the start of a time that cannot be assigned. Conversely, this absolute topicality of ti\'e only by \'irtuc of its tcmporality. There is a eonsiderahle temptation to simu•
time, this singularity \\'ithout determination could be a non-time, a "there is" that late, to play parts as in certain games, and to li,·e the historic moment through all
rejects all synthesis. The better to a,·oid any temptation to enact a reinstatement, a these "Sound and Light" shows which ha\'e im·aded the prescn,e of national heritage.
reconstitution, or a "re•cnactmcnt," the only escape route \\'Ould be to divide the I low arc "'e to historicizc what indeed seemed to be a culmination of all the specu•
comprehension of the e,·ent into two orders: synthesis and discontinuity. The fact of lath·e conceptions of history? The Atlantic \,Vall was, itself, a museum, a consen·a-
the landings offers no historical grasp. It is possible to bring on an infinite quantity tory of the techniques and objects of the
of e\'idence and statements; it is possible to demonstrate, materially,
ing of the different panics; it is possible to cut the action up into sec1ucnces, to iden•
the undertak- previous war
hunkers,
tank turrets rcadaptcd
age-old fortification
to
designs,
IT WASH-HOUR
tify the moments on the basis of an arithmetical cutting of the action. But the H· the whole syntax of military engineering, all gathe,·cd together in the sites of the
hour or H+ l, refers solely to time. There is not c,·en a place, or a person, or a landings, and just as much on the Allied side, finally referring the event solely to an
name. The referent object is time itself, a time that cannot be assigned to a present, estimation of the timing of the action. Paul Virilio defines this fulfilment of tcrritor•
to a split-second. D-Day is an unwitnessed e,·ent. The tourist comes to take a look ial management as a generalized 11chronia, where the engineering resorts back to its
at the sites, but one look obliterates the next. '\'Vhat must be seen arc the traces of own management of time. The economy of spatial delimitation, of separation like
the conOict. Seeing is selecth·e. It is compartmentalized, based on a i·econsidcration the Atlantic Wall, should giYe "'ay to a Yectorial model, "a \"ectorial policy," which

Ill 199
 Hlot1,c MIGAHOU

I'Atlontique, devroit loisser lo place CJun modele vectoriel, "une politique vecto·
tenir le touriste dons cet etot de voconce, de disponibilite ou l'on peut le relenir sur
rielle,# qui reconduit lo forme tronscendontole de lo limito, gestion contemporoine
les sites. lo guerre mondiole est lo forme optimisee de l'objet touristique, elle est
1, ,,.," "t..,,,;, ,, ,.,,..,.~ ,, r..,,..,,.,,., 1v du pouvoir a l'ombre d'une crise economique permonente,
r,mps,r,mplo{anl /'a,oot., /'011/lr,d, u/1,d, /'oml- universelle, ses roisons sont internotionoles, so technologie normolisee, elle occom·
•,g,.,..,d, l't,pott, me /'ilUI.. J,oliJI, k ,-.,,i, II proximite toujours reconduite de lo recession ou du con/lit
~;,,.,. "" .., .,p,1/sl,;q.,,..,,, '",,,.,,,.,, , .. , •• plit les notionolismes, elle romene l'orcheologie au constot reoffirme d'une dispori·
tomprom/11,mp,11/ o11/u/d, l'Mstolrt.
succldont
local. Le deborquement seroit l'objet museogrophique le
lion des corps, d'une finitude des hommes et des cultures. lo guerre, le posse du
1111Yiu5o,'l'tngil"''""'""'"'· • ill Situ, plus performont, un objet qui ne se resume qu'CJ une
Turilofm d, la l11rour,197◄. p. 13. con/lit ne vehicule que lo reaffirmation d'une ponctuolite du mointenont, elle intro·
indeterminable temporolite susceptible de rossembler
duit l'objet historique obsolu, le non-temps. Alors, ii foudro faire durer ce jour Ires
outour d'elle toutes les descriptions possibles. Le jour·J est le premier objet de lo
long, augmenter cette heure, cette minute, ofin qu'ils tiennent CJchoque instant,
post-histoiro, juste avant Hiroshima. Le volcon de Pompei geloit une ville entiere
mointenont, tout un chocun sous le joug de lo necessite. Si toute conception con·
sous lo love, erigeoit lo moment, !'instant en objet historique obso/u, ceci en une
temporoine de l'histoire est une critique rodicole du le/os qui lie tout developpe·
sculplurolite toujours reconduite de lo ville entiere, ou le detail n'en linissoit d'eten·
ment historique au deploiement d'une raison, lo lroyeur d'une outonomie permet
dre so moteriolite. L'heure·H est l'objet lui·meme, immoteriel, et toute lo strotegie
negotivemenl d'observor comment se reconduisent les tentatives d'un oncroge
consiste CJdeplocer le flux touristique des petits musees locoux encombres de debris
juridique de lo finolite. le stotut kontien de lo teleologie deploce, lo quete contem·
olteres, de l'encombronte orcheologie d'objels industriels sons
porcine sembleroit s'orgoniser outour de l'oncroge d'une destination, lo delegation
interet, vers le memorial, monument d'une memoire du non-temps,
de l'ultime unite teleologique rendue par le jugoment
memoire sons oubli d'un temps vide. Lo voconce du touriste doit
reflechissont. Derriere cette Bestimmung, c'est loute
recouper celle voconce de l'hisloire. l'historique ne peul plus etre
une pensee de l'orienlotion qui s'ordonne, lous ordres
que l'objet d'une economie, le colcul du temps ou l'on peut main-
philosophiques confondus, pour souver l'ultime

renews the lranscenden1al forrn of the limil. This is a contemporary

, acancy, of a,·ailability in which he can be retained on
management of power in the shadow of an on-going economic crisis.
the sitc-s. \Vorl<l "ar i, the optimi1.ed form of the
The proximity of recession or local conflict is ah,ays being rcne\\c<l.
touristic object. It i~ unh ersal. The grounds for ft arc
The Landings wolrld be an extremely cffectl\'e object of museum dis-
international. Its technology is slandardi7ecl. It fulfils
play an object that can only be summed up by an indeterminable
11ationalistic aspiration,. It rcfors ardiaeology to the
tc111porali1y c·apahle of gathering about itself e,·ery pos~ible description. D-Day is
reaffirmed fact of a disappearance of the body, of a 11nituclc of people and cultures.
the first object of post-history, just before Hiroshima. The 1·olcano at Pompeii petri-
\Var and the conrnctual past simply ('()1we) the re affirmation of a topicality of the
fied an entire city beneath ils la,·a. It erc-cted the moment, the instant, as an absolute
now. It introduces 1he ah,olut{' historical object non-time. So what is 11eedcd is a
hi~toric-al object, and it did so in a constantly renewed sculptural ,·ersion of the
drawing-out of this ,·er) long day, a magnilkation of this hour and minute, so 1hat
entire cit), where details endlessly spre.ul their maieriality. H-hour is the imrnateri
they cling to each instant, no", with each and e,cry one under the )Okc of neC<',,i-
al object itself, and the "hole strateg} consists of shifting the tide of tourists from
ty. tr all co111em1>orary conception~ of hi,tory arc a radical critic-i~m or the tclos
Thepo,/ andth, lvlur,0/ 1!1 mnomyol 1im,-ploan/n9, sm,dl lol·al museums clu1tes·ecl with damaged relics, and
IA./,,.,,., 6odti IA..,_,
rrpJ.,;,,, ti Ill<• ,In- which links all historical de,·clopment to the unfolding or a rl.'ason, the drl·ad of an
pow,rd,ffts
ning,rfif~ j,.r,o,,tonHtm1,u, o h1pD•
,o-wrudJ from the cumbersome archaeology of industrial objects of
1be1itol
11,irerof Jim,___
in a 11mpo,ol
1omp1omiJ1
,omil\g ,1utonomy permits the negati"e obsen at ion of how attempts at making a judicial Ox-
Ill ,.., ••·• ,I,.., ,_..i,, ti Mlely little or no interest, toward~ the memorial, monument to a
ture or finality arc rcnewl.'d. The Kantian status of displa,·c<l teleology, and the con-
rovlii,lllo,'l'OA1ln oxl.,mlnoltur,'
In Slln, memory of non-time, an unforge1ful memory of a11empty
ltrrilolru dt lo ltrrnr, 197◄, p.13 temporary cruest, "ould seem to be organi,ed around 1hc fixture of a destination,
time. The tourist's ,acation mu~t reco,·er this hiMoric-al
1he ddcgation of the ultimate teleologic,,1 i<lentily rendered hy renecth·c judgc-
vacancy. The "1,fstorkal" cannot be anything other lhan tl,e ohjt·ct of an economy,
men1. Behind this 8es11111r111m9 there lurks a whole conception or orclerccl orienla-
the calculation of a lime in which it is possible lo hold the tourist in this state of
tion, e,ery <·oncei\•able sort of philo,ophy to sa,c the ultimate f1xture point, the

100 10 I
 111D1 ti( IUOAU0U

JI.. ,oil,,,,.,,,,,
... ,, •oit• ,,....,,t
,. ,.,.,,,r,. oncroge, lo forme resorbee d'une pensee moderne. Les
P,MtW .. , ... ittiroio d, II ,,IIIMl1 /1 litn/o ov/1
fOlonlH l'lrlntll'le.JI.1lloi,I 1111,ndreftlt ti flli fail sanctions morales s'obottenl, l'oulonomie s'ossimile au
1
li.moi9Ro911tHI11oll,m1nl l'tRlili, f1J'elltroJIOW
,·011;,,.,,.1/totg,
J, ""' ,.,Mti; 1•1,111,.,,..,,
.,.;, posl·modernisme. lo pensee devienl distributive, l'histoire
Pi.ri11111111tl
'/ol-miN. • (1 qol loitoo1it1N 11ti1D1 •'~sJ
,., .., ro,o,itl J, l'Hp,/1,p,,.,;.,, 1'111111/~/;1;
;, 11 lrovoillonl olors sons reloche o I'economie de son propre
qui 011it't.Miff donsl'4r,n1m1t11 I, p1t1tn<t IJIimaifi1•
,oil, ,1 lodlllltW,d'votwlfff rho" qi/I"' .. ,,. to•
effacement. Tout le travail de l'historien, du philosophe
l'11p,jlti tW,'It 11"¥J,. "••' flfrir•-·· seroit romene o lo reconduclion d'une vigilance, sentinelles
lto•f10111h11110,d, '111111,1 ,ujo.,,l'hoi',(1lllqoe,
•• ◄93-494, r.,.. XIIY,fd. ,, Min,il,Po1i1,1984,p. !16. d'un accord ou d'un des-accord (Stimmung) renvoyes aux
coups, aux echonges d'une semontique non-referentielle. II
est lrop reducleur de renvoyer dos o dos destination el non destination, d'imposer
celle derniere teleologie, en ossimilont outonomie el ce qu'historiquement lo
philosophic oppeloit le relotivisme. De celle difficulte o penser le moinlenonl de
lous les moments qui se relenoienl sous le nom d'hisloire, on ne peul simplemenl
confondre lo motiere en un rebus, ce qui resto, un non-destine obsolu. Toute
motiere se preserve en une forme temporellement dllterminee. le deborquement doil
etre le sujet d'une chronique, un relove permanent de tous
les temps sedimenles dons lo situation, lo stimulation d'une
copocite d'ocluolisation. lo discontinuite de l'histoire est
une immanence rodicole.

re-absorb<'d form of a modern way of thinking. Moral sanc-

tions com<' tumbling down, autonom} beconws assimilated
into postmodernl~m. Thought becom<'s distributive, witli
histo,·y then working tirclt's\l)' at the economy of its O\\ n
obliteration. The "hole Lask of tbe historian and the philoso-
pher is linked to the r<'newal of a ,igilanee, sentinels of an ag,·<'ement or a dis-agre..,.
ment (Stimmun9) referred to the opportunities and exchang<'s of a non-referential
semantics. It is too simplistic to juxtapose destination and non destination back to-
back, and impose this latl<'r teleology by assimilating autonomy and what, historil'al-
ly, philosophy used to call relath ism. With regard lo tbis diffiwlty of c:onceh-ing the
Itwould
h, PlfS11ntplt1aus,
11011,101c,irait1ol,on tA,po,I now of all the moments l'<'tained unck•r the name of history,
., ,,,, tllit:ir,,,.,;,,, lo ,t.un
,. 6, lb,.,, ..... ,,..,.
,.,., ,£ ti,, trfffl h ,..,, 6, vod,,mod tl,o1•All {.,,,,, one cannot simply confound the •ubject matter into a
ltJlitooltyis"' no "°',,,,•~lily, .,..,,tJt( ii tr10y... Mal
r·ebus, tlw 1·emnan1s into a non-destined absolute. All sub-
dttlrrnilie/f hr,kaig,,I 11",llo~lltyfo,th,'""'• 6vl
1111 tren/ 71$1//. • WA0l 10tmo1lt,1tH 1etoi1uIs11011capot- ject mall<'r is pr<'serTed in a temporally det<'rmined form.
/ty o/ IA,....,( .,, ,,,. ,11mi!ili1110do1 lio,p,n1."1t
"' ,,., .. ,.,, ,, ...... , ... 11,, ,,,,,.J"'
,....,,.., The landings should be the subject of a chronicle, a perma-
IMl<tlri•g lkot/1olktt tA.n th, mindo,d whhh,'/,a,otin,,
to time·boppttH... nent suney of all the times deposited in the situation the
1.... 1.. "'"' l),lfo,d, ·1, fn~,.,,..,,,..,- (1lflq11,
stimulation of a c,1pacit)· for up-dating. The dis('Ontinuity of
n 493-494, Vol X'llf. llrLII, ,11~. 178(, ~- S/4
history is a radic,11 immanenc<'.