Onard Philip Jr.

Abangan Socstud1- Academician

TAGALOG
: 16th Century
:  Filipinos are mostly people of Malay origin, mostly in Luzon areas.
: 28 million (2022) 82 million total speakers (2022)
:  it can be inferred that the original Tagalogs were also of Malay descent.
Due their concentration mostly in riverine locations, Tagologs historically
have been involved in fishing, agriculture and sometimes craft. They are
also known to engage in trade with surrounding nations such
as China, Japan, India, and others. In terms of culture, the Taglog peoples
lay much emphasis on respect and good behaviors which is evident in their
soft-spoken language. Family bonds are also at the center of Tagolog life.
However, Tagolog culture today has been influenced by Western
ideologies. For instance, the predominant religion is now Roman
Catholicism.
Interestingly, the majority of Tagalog speakers mix their native language
with words, phrases, and sentences in English during informal
conversations. In pop culture, this combination of two languages is called
Taglish. This is due largely to American colonizers mandating the use of
English in education, which is also why the majority of Filipinos can
understand and speak English up to this day. Before this, Tagalog speakers
used to speak Spanish from the 18th to the 19th century due to the
Spanish colonizers’ influence in the country.
The Boxer Codex details how high-society Tagalogs wore intricate clothes
that illuminate their status, with the datus and katolonans having worn
accessories made of high-quality materials. Slaves, on the other hand,
wore simple clothing and linens. In later centuries, noble Tagalogs shifted
to wearing the barong tagalog for males and the baro’t saya for females.
After Philippine Independence, these became the national costume of the
country since the majority of the wearers came from Manila.
Onard Philip Jr. Abangan Socstud1- Academician

ILOCANO
: Around the 17th Century
: Northern region of Luzon
: almost 5 million

: ILOCANOS ARE OF MALAY STOCK, DESCENDANTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN MIGRANTS

THAT SETTLED THE PHILIPPINES IN SUCCESSIVE WAVES FOR CENTURIES.

THE ILOCANOS HAVE AN EPIC, THE BIAG NI LAMANG (LIFE OF LAM-ANG), WHICH,
HOWEVER, EXISTS ONLY IN THE FORM OF A HIGHLY HISPANICIZED METRICAL
ROMANCE COMPOSED IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. ILOCOS IS ALSO THE ONLY
PLACE IN THE COUNTRY WHERE THE SPANISH ZARZUELA (OPERETTA) IS STILL
PERFORMED.

ACCORDING TO ONE ILOCANO ORIGIN MYTH, A GIANT NAMED ARAN BUILT THE SKY
AND HUNG THE SUN, MOON, AND STARS IN IT. UNDER THEIR LIGHT, ARAN'S
COMPANION, THE GIANT ANGALO, COULD SEE THE LAND, WHICH HE THEN MOLDED
INTO MOUNTAINS AND VALLEYS.

ALTHOUGH FREE TO CHOOSE THEIR OWN MARRIAGE PARTNERS, YOUNG PEOPLE

SEEK THE APPROVAL OF BOTH SETS OF PARENTS. WHEN A COUPLE DECIDES THEY'D
LIKE TO MARRY, THE FIRST STEP IS FOR THE YOUNG MAN TO ASK FOR THE CONSENT
OF HIS OWN PARENTS. HIS PARENTS WILL PAY THE DOWRY AND FINANCE THE
WEDDING. NEXT, THE FUTURE GROOM MAKES A FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT
(PANAGPUDNO) TO THE YOUNG WOMAN'S PARENTS OF HIS INTENTION TO MARRY
THEIR DAUGHTER. THE GROOM'S PARENTS THEN VISIT THE FUTURE BRIDE'S
PARENTS, TO SET THE DATE FOR THE WEDDING. FOR THIS, THE PARENTS CONSULT
A PLANETARIO, AN ALMANAC IDENTIFYING AUSPICIOUS (GOOD-LUCK) DAYS.
Onard Philip Jr. Abangan Socstud1- Academician

WARAY

: Warays are also a subdivision of the Visayans that migrated to

the Philippines during the Iron Age

: Mostly inhabit the Islands of Leyte and Samar

: 3,660,645

: The main economic activities of the Waray people are farming and fishing,
and the major cash crop is coconut. They are also involved in wine
production. Warays are deeply involved in faith-healing rituals, which is the
use of folk medicine, prayers or symbols to effect healing of various
ailments.

On the island of Biliran, Waray-Waray-speaking people live on the eastern

part of the island facing the island of Samar; their Waray-Waray dialect is
commonly referred to as Biliranon. On the island of Ticao, which belongs to
the province of Masbate in the Bicol Region, Waray-Waray-speaking
people live on most parts of the island; they are commonly referred to as
Ticaonon.

The Warays are descendants of Austronesian-speaking seafarers who

settled the Philippine archipelago beginning in the Iron Age.
In 1521, the Warays of the east coast of Samar, who called
themselves Ibabaonon, were the first Filipinos to be sighted by Europeans
under the leadership of Ferdinand Magellan. The Warays were among the
first Filipinos converted to Christianity. Paradoxically, they are also among
the last Filipino ethnicities to retain indigenous practices alongside Roman
Catholicism.
Onard Philip Jr. Abangan Socstud1- Academician

HILIGAYNON

:13th century

: Western Visayas and Soccsksargen

:7.8 million

: The Maragtas epic, an imaginative nineteenth-century reworking

of Panay folk memories, tells of the migration to the Philippines in
AD 1250 of the Bornean datus (chiefs) Puti, Sumakwel,
Bangkaya, Balakasusa, Paiburong, Dumangsil, Lubay, and
Dumalogdog.

Married women wear either a bestida (dress) or a patadyong

(tube skirt) with a blouse. Traditional weaving is nearly extinct, but
was a thriving industry before the nineteenth-century import of
British manufactured cloth. For pangalap (magical protection),
many older men wear tattoos (a crucifix, initials, or female
figures). At the time of the Spanish arrival, all the people living in
the Visayan region wore elaborate tattoos, earning them the
name Pintados, "the painted ones," from their conquerors.

The Hiligaynon have an epic, the Hinilawod.

Onard Philip Jr. Abangan Socstud1- Academician
Onard Philip Jr. Abangan Socstud1- Academician

CEBUANO

: Between the 10th and 16th Centuries

: Can also be found in Leyte, Negros Oriental and Negros

Occidental provinces

: 22 million

: Most Cebuano subsist through farming or fishing. The typical

Cebuano village consists of bamboo and wooden dwellings of two

or three rooms, built on pilings and thatched with palm. The diet is

mainly rice and fish, with some vegetables and fruits. In Cebu and

eastern Negros, however, ground cornmeal replaces rice as the

staple cereal. Social life centers on baptisms, marriages, funerals,

school programs, annual fiestas, and the Roman

Catholic religious calendar. The major Cebuano urban center

is Cebu City, situated on the most densely populated island of the

Philippines, Cebu.