Be

Le verbe to be a de nombreuses significations. Il est utilisé :

- pour identifier, décrire, localiser, exprimer une caractéristique physique ou un état
ex.: He is Jane’s brother. (C’est le frère de Jane.)
     Toulouse is in France. (Toulouse est en France.)
    The building was thirty meters high. (L’immeuble mesurait 30 mètres de haut.)
    They were ill. (Ils étaient malades.)
- comme auxiliaire dans les temps utilisant la forme en –ing
ex.: Mark is having a shower. (Mark est en train de prendre une douche.)
- pour former la voie passive
ex.: Sarah was surprised by this reaction. (Sarah fut surprise de cette réaction)
- dans la formule de présentation there is/are (« il y a »)
ex.: There is a cat in the kitchen. (Il y a un chat dans la cuisine.)
    There are cats in the garden. (Il y a des chats dans le jardin.)
- pour exprimer une action qui est censée se faire (be to + verbe)
ex.: Sally is to come. (Sally doit (= est censée) venir.)
- dans l’expression hypothétique sous la forme « were »
ex.: If I were you, I would not call him back. (Si j’étais toi, je ne le rappellerais pas.)

Have
- comme auxiliaire au présent pour le present perfect et au passé pour le pluperfect.
ex.: She has lived here for 3 years. (Elle vit ici depuis 3 ans.)
      He had made his own decision. (Il avait pris sa propre décision.)
- pour exprimer l’idée d’avoir, de posséder
ex.: John has two dogs. (John a deux chiens.)
Attention ! Have et have got ont le même sens. Have got s’utilise dans un contexte familier et uniquement
au présent.
- pour exprimer l’idée de prendre, consommer ou d’avoir une activité
ex. : Let’s have a drink! (Prenons un verre !)
      Mark had a shower. (Mark a pris une douche.)
- pour exprimer un devoir, une contrainte venant de l’extérieur (have to + verbe)
ex.: Do you have to do your homework now? (Dois-tu faire tes devoirs maintenant ?)

Do
To do a essentiellement un rôle d’auxiliaire dans les cas suivants :
- conjuguer les verbes aux formes négative, interrogative et interro-négative
ex.: She doesn’t work in an office. (Elle ne travaille pas dans un bureau.)
Did you watch television yesterday? (As-tu regardé la télévision hier ?)
Didn’t they tell you this story? (Ne t’ont-ils pas raconté cette histoire ?)
- conjuguer les verbes à l’impératif négatif
ex. : Don’t be stupid! (Ne sois pas stupide !)
- la forme emphatique, insiste sur l’action
ex.: I do feel ashamed. (J’ai vraiment honte.)
- les questions tags (= « n’est-ce pas ? ») 
ex.: She plays the piano, doesn’t she? (Elle joue du piano, n’est-ce pas ?)
    You didn’t go to school yesterday, did you? (Tu n’es pas allé à l’école hier, n’est-ce pas ?)
Attention ! Quand la phrase est à la forme affirmative, le question tag est à la forme négative, et
inversement.
Choisir entre les auxiliaires: DO, HAVE, BE
1. … you drink milk?
2. The London train … not arrived.
3. We … bought a blue bicycle.
4. How many books … you buy in a year?
5. There … some interesting books about animals.
6. Brian … got a new game.
7. My parents … never been to France.
8. I … getting married in a few weeks.
9. The killer … Carabine Joe.

Choisir entre: DO NOT, HAVE NOT, BE NOT

1. Peter says he … interested in tennis.
2. My key … at its usual place.
3. 'I'm sorry, I'm late '. 'Don't worry. I … been waiting for long.
4. Betty is only four years old, … you think she is too young to play the piano?
5. We love going to the theatre but our children … enjoy it much.
6. I … been skiing this winter.
7. I'm watching James closely, he … swim very well.

Complétez les questions avec les auxiliaires DO HAVE ou BE

1. Where … she living at the moment?
2. How many children … they got?
3. Where … she going next weekend?
4. What … we know about him?
5. How … you know my secret?
6. How long … you been here?
7. Where … I?
8. Why … you always hurt me?
9. … you seen Mr. and Mrs. Brown? They are back from Italy.
10. … he work in the same company as you do?

Choisir entre DID, WAS/WERE et HAD

1. … you see Mr Smith yesterday?
2. My brother … to pay a fine yesterday, he drove too fast.
3. What … you do last weekend?
4. Where … you buy these chairs? They are very comfortable.
5. When I arrived at my neighbour's house, they …having an argument.
6. She … not very happy because she had had a bad day.
 Discussion

- Does he like playing football?

- Yes, and other sports too.
- Is he playing in a professional team?
- No, but he would like to. How about you? Do you play football?
- No, I don't like sports. I like music instead.
- Oh, have you ever been to the Royal Albert Hall in London?
- Yes, it is a great place. I once saw Phantom of the Opera there. 
- Do you like music too?
- Yes, I do, but I cannot play any musical instruments. How about you? 
- I play the violin. Do you want me to play something for you?
- That would be great! Hey, here are some friends. 
- Hello, nice to meet you. Are you all friends?
- Hello! Yes, we have all been friends since childhood. Are you going to play something?
- Yes, I am going to play 'Air on the G string' by Bach. Have you ever heard of Bach?
- Of course! Go ahead! .... Wow, that was really beautiful. How long have you been playing?
- For ten years. Is anyone hungry? We could go to eat something!
- Yes, what a great idea. Do you like Indian food?
- Yes, and I know a good restaurant. Are you coming, Tom?
- Sorry, I can't. The rest of you should go. Why don't you call me later? Have you got my number?
- OK, Tom. Yes, I will call you later. Come on, let's go! Is everyone ready?
Réponses
DO, HAVE, BE
1. Do you drink milk?
2. The London train has not arrived.
3. We have bought a blue bicycle.
4. How many books do you buy in a year?
5. There are some interesting books about animals.
6. Brian has got a new game.
7. My parents have never been to France.
8. I am getting married in a few weeks.
9. The killer is Carabine Joe.

DO NOT, HAVE NOT, BE NOT

1. Peter says he isn’t interested in tennis.
2. My key isn’t at its usual place.
3. 'I'm sorry, I'm late '. 'Don't worry. I haven't been waiting for long.
4. Betty is only four years old, don't you think she is too young to play the piano?
5. We love going to the theatre but our children don't enjoy it much.
6. I haven’t been skiing this winter.
7. I'm watching James closely, he doesn't swim very well.

DO HAVE BE: QUESTIONS

1. Where is she living at the moment?
2. How many children have they got?
3. Where is she going next weekend?
4. What do we know about him?
5. How do you know my secret?
6. How long have you been here?
7. Where am I?
8. Why do you always hurt me?
9. Have you seen Mr. and Mrs. Brown? They are back from Italy.
10. Does he work in the same company as you do?

DID, HAD, WAS/WERE

1. Did you see Mrs Smith yesterday?
2. My brother had to pay a fine yesterday, he drove too fast.
3. What did you do last weekend?
4. Where did you buy these chairs? They are very comfortable.
5. When I arrived at my neighbour's house, they were having an argument.
6. She was not very happy because she had had a bad day.