Corrige Anglais BTS Indus 1re Et 2e Annee - Ed 2021

BTS 1 2
re e
&
ANNÉES
INDUSTRIELS
jump Les nouveaux

CAHIERS
ANGLAIS
D'
V. Baisnée
E. Cooper
CORRIGÉ F. Le Graverend
L. Moire
C. Vannier
foucherconnect..fr
Dans ce manuel, des ressources
en accès direct pour tous
BTS 1 2
re e
&
ANNÉES
INDUSTRIELS
jump Les nouveaux

CAHIERS
D’
ANGLAIS
CORRIGÉ
V. Baisnée, maître de conférences, IUT de Sceaux
E. Cooper, enseignante, université de Lille
F. Le Graverend, professeure agrégée, classes préparatoires scientifiques
L. Moire, professeure, classes de BTS, lycée Fernand Léger, Ivry-sur-Seine
C. Vannier, enseignante, classes de BTS et IUT, Avignon

Sommaire
Unit 1 Working Life 5
To start with 6
Video 1 – What causes stress at work? 8
Text – Why women don’t pursue careers in STEM 10
Video 2 – Company bans after-work emails to improve employee work-life balance 12
Language at work – Les articles 14
Let’s be pro ! – Writing an Out of Office email message 15
Checkpoint 16
Unit 2 Recruiting Talent 17

To start with 18
Video 1 – How employers check job applicants’ social media 20
Text – The new way companies are evaluating candidates’ soft skills 22
Video 2 – AI recruitment 24
Language at work – Poser des questions 26
Let’s be pro ! – Preparing an elevator pitch 27
Checkpoint 28
Unit 3 Esport: The Recognition of New Athletes 29

To start with 30
Video 1 – Young professional gamers 32
Text – Traditional sports relying upon esports during COVID-19 crisis 34
Video 2 – The popularity of esports 36
Language at work – Utiliser la voix passive 38
Let’s be pro ! – Talking to a foreign supplier 39
Checkpoint 40
Unit 4 Technology Helping Sport Performances 41

To start with 42
Video 1 – Cyborg Olympics 44
Text – Full body swimsuit now banned for professional swimmers 46
Video 2 – Using sports science technology to get at peak performance levels 48
Language at work – Prétérit et present perfect 50
Let’s be pro ! – Announcing a manager’s decision 51
Checkpoint 52
Unit 5 Technology and Everyday Life 53

To start with 54
Video 1 – The 5G mass experiment 56
Text – Your smart home might spy on you, how to deal with it 58
Video 2 – China’s nearly cashless society 60
Language at work – Exprimer la quantité 62
Let’s be pro ! – Preparing for an internship interview 63
Checkpoint 64
«Le Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle n’autorisant aux termes de l’article L. 122-5, d’une part, que, les copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l’usage privé
du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective et, d’autre part, que, les analyses et courtes citations dans un but notamment d’exemple et d’illustration, toute
représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle, faite, par quelque procédé que ce soit, sans le consentement de l’auteur, ou de ses ayants droit est illicite et consti-
tue une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles L. 335-2 et suivants du Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. Le Centre Français de l’exploitation de la Copie (20, rue des
Grands-Augustins 75006 Paris) est, conformément à l’article L. 122-10, le seul habilité à délivrer des autorisations de reproduction par reprographie, sous réserve en cas
d’utilisation aux fins de vente, de location, de publicité ou de promotion de l’accord de l’auteur ou des ayants droit.»
© Foucher, une marque des éditions Hatier – Paris, 2021.
Unit 6 Technology and Working Practices 65
To start with 66
Video 1 – 3D printing explained 68
Text – Exoskeletons will transform manufacturing 70
Video 2 – Internet of Things connecting industrial workers 72
Language at work – Le génitif (cas possessif) 74
Let’s be pro ! – Writing a summary report 75
Checkpoint 76
Unit 7 Future of Mobility 77

To start with 78
Video 1 – The pipe dream 80
Text – Self-driving vehicles reconnect the countryside 82
Video 2 – High-speed travel 84
Language at work – Parler de l’avenir 86
Let’s be pro ! – Defending your viewpoint 87
Checkpoint 88
Unit 8 Firms Go Green 89

To start with 90
Video 1 – The wind energy debate 92
Text – Corporate greenwashing 94
Video 2 – Electronics recycling 96
Language at work – Exprimer une condition 98
Let’s be pro ! – Writing a professional document 99
Checkpoint 100
Unit 9 Health and Safety at Work 101

To start with 102
Video 1 – Electrical safety 101 104
Text – Why looking after workers’ mental health makes sound business sense 106
Video 2 – The importance of health and safety in the workplace 108
Language at work – Les modaux could, should, would 110
Let’s be pro ! – Writing a memo to colleagues 111
Checkpoint 112
Unit 10 Technical Instructions and Quality 113

To start with 114
Video 1 – LEGO Ninjago Zeppelin: beyond the instructions 116
Text – Japan’s Kobe Steel indicted over fabricating product quality data 118
Video 2 – Digital quality control in manufacturing at e.GO Mobile 120
Language at work – Les comparatifs et les superlatifs 122
Let’s be pro ! – Presenting a new work tool 123
Checkpoint 124
Annexes Method for the exam 125 Glossary 153

Grammar 137 Linguistic Tools 163
Le photocopillage, c’est l’usage abusif et collectif de la photocopie sans

autorisation des auteurs et des éditeurs. Largement répandu dans les
établissements d’enseignement, le photocopillage menace l’avenir du
livre, car il met en danger son équilibre économique. Il prive les auteurs
d’une juste rémunération. En dehors de l’usage privé du copiste, toute
reproduction totale ou partielle de cet ouvrage est interdite.
SOMMAIRE • 3
Vos ressources
De nombreuses rubriques vous aident à améliorer
vos compétences écrites et orales en anglais.
→ Entraînez-vous
à la compréhension orale # audio # vidéo
avec l’exploitation de foucherconnect.fr/
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foucherconnect.fr/
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fichiers audios et de vidéos
→ Améliorez votre
prononciation # speak up
de l’anglais
SOUNDS AT WORK audio + basic rules
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→ Révisez en → Travaillez le
vidéo des # grammar time vocabulaire
points de Réviser en vidéo de chaque # quiz time
foucherconnect.fr/
grammaire foucherconnect.fr/
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unité de 21ind35
essentiels façon ludique
Mode d’emploi des ressources numériques
foucherconnect..fr
Votre manuel Foucher s’enrichit Des QR codes à flasher vous donnent accès
de ressources numériques à de nombreux fichiers audios et des vidéos.
Lorsque je rencontre un pictogramme ressource au fil des pages :
1. Je vais sur www.foucherconnect.fr Des FLASHCODES

J’enregistre cette page dans mes favoris permettent aussi
# audio pour les prochaines fois.
foucherconnect.fr/
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d’accéder aux
2. Je saisis le code de la ressource indiqué ressources depuis
dans le pictogramme. un smartphone
3. Je visualise ma ressource.
© Éditions Foucher
4•
UNIT
Working Life
1
KEY W O R DS
◗ an engineer: un ingénieur
1 Describe what and who you can see. ◗ fresh air: air frais
An engineer is standing on a boat near an offshore wind farm. He’s wearing a life jacket ◗ a hook: un crochet
◗ indoors: à l’intérieur
and he’s holding a hook. He’s about to check the wind turbines.
◗ a life jacket: un gilet de sauvetage
◗ an office: un bureau
◗ an offshore wind farm: un parc
2 Say whether you’d like to work in such an environment. éolien marin
If not, explain what your ideal working environment is. ◗ outdoors: en plein air
Yes, I like travelling and I don’t like working in a closed space.

No, I like working in a team, surrounded by people. I like working in an open space office.
UNIT 1 - Working Life • 5

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Types of jobs/work # audio

foucherconnect.fr/
1 Listen to these people talking about what they do. 21ind29
Match each person (a-g) with a type of job (1-7).
a • • 1. self-employed
b • • 2. casual work
c • • 3. full-time job
d • • 4. part-time job
e • • 5. moonlighting job
f • • 6. jobless
g • • 7. internship
ACTIVITY 2 The difference between “job” and “work”

Job WORK
I’ve got a part-time job An activity (uncountable) There is a lot of work to do.
A paid occupation
as a waiter.
A place where you do Many people commute
A particular task Painting jobs can be tiring. your job to work.
A painting, piece of I have read the complete

Someone’s duty or My job is to get you through
music, book produced by works of Shakespeare.
function this exam.
an artist (countable) This is Van Gogh’s best work.
2 Job or Work? Fill in the gaps with work or job.
a • She’s stressed because she’s got problems at work .
b • I’m looking for a job for the summer.
c • I got a lot of work done today.
d • This orchestra will be playing a work by Mozart.
e • Writing this report is your job .
f • I’ve got a big cleaning job to do today.
3 Choose a preposition from the boxes to complete these sentences with work.
out of for off in
a • I work for the BBC.
b • I was in work for two weeks. I got fired yesterday, so I’m now out of work.
c • Mrs. Taylor is not available today. She’s sick, so she’s off work.
6 • UNIT 1 - Working Life

To start with
ACTIVITY 3 Ways of working

4 Match. How are these people (a-e) most likely to work (1-5)?
1. shift work 2. teleworking 3. clocking in and out 4. flexitime 5. commute to work

• • • • •
• • • • •
a. a shopkeeper b. a nurse c. an accountant d. an employee e. a software
in central London who in a hospital with two young who works several developer who lives
lives in the suburbs children who has hours per week in the country
to be in the office for a small company
ACTIVITY 4 Workplaces: Apple Park

Apple Park covers 2.8 million square feet, accommodates 12,000 employees
and cost approximately $5 billion to build. The facility includes a fitness
center, an energy plant and acres of apricot orchards. The ring-shaped
building has been compared to a spaceship and the Pentagon.
Every detail has been carefully scrutinized, creating an end product that
Apple hopes will foster even greater innovation. It’s expected that by housing
so many employees in one facility, workers will be more likely to build
relationships with those outside of their team, share ideas with co-workers Apple Park, the corporate headquarters of Apple,
with different specialties and learn about opportunities to collaborate. located in Cupertino, California.
Inside, the building will be divided into modular sections, known as pods, that will be used for office work, teamwork
and social activities. Everyone from the CEO to summer interns will be placed into these pods, helping employees
build connections and discover mentorship opportunities.
Abigail Hess, September 15th, 2017 © CNBC (UK) Limited 2020. All rights reserved ■
5 Find the facts about Apple Park.
Location Cupertino, California Facilities Fitness center, energy plant, apricot orchards
Size 2.8 million square feet Type of

Modular sections, known as pods
workspaces
Cost $5 billion
Objectives
Number of Encourage teamwork; help workers build connections
12,000 of the
employees and discover mentorship opportunities
design
EXPRESS What impact does the working environment have on our work?
F
YOURSEL
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ to boost productivity: améliorer la productivité ◗ safety: la sécurité
◗ indoor temperature: la température intérieure ◗ a sense of well-being: un sentiment de bien-être
◗ to manage work-life balance: gérer l’équilibre ◗ stress-free: sans stress

entre vie personnelle et vie professionnelle
Glossary p. 153

Video 1 Step by step
What causes stress at work? # vidéo

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Before watching
1 • Do you often feel stressed?
I’m constantly stressed, more specifically during school hours.
My stress comes from looming deadlines, tests, and homework.
I feel stressed sometimes, but I try to cope with stress by 0:00 1:46
listening to music.
KEY W ORDS
2 • What are the main causes of stress in people’s lives?
◗ employees: des employés, des salariés
Losing a job; divorce; excessive workload; moving; children;
◗ health: la santé
harassment at work, etc. ◗ a pay check: un salaire
◗ a workplace: un lieu de travail
Understanding
1 Match the terms related to stress (1-6) with their definitions (a-f).
a. to take a toll • • 1. to take it easy
b. worry-free • • 2. a total loss of energy and interest experienced as a result of chronic overwork
c. work-life balance • • 3. amount of tasks to be done
d. to relax • • 4. to harm or damage
e. burnout • • 5. not anxious
f. workload • • 6. harmony between one’s professional and personal life
2 Listen to the presenter Laura Hutchison and complete what she says. 0:00 to 0:16
“The economy may be moving in the right direction , but Americans are more stressed
than ever .”
Name the different workplaces you spotted 4 Choose the correct alternative. 0:17 to 0:39
3
in the video.
According to the survey, the proportion of American people
Office cubicles, vans, car workshops, warehouses, shops stressed by at least one thing at work is:
❒ 43% ❒ 83% ❒ 33%


Video 1
5 Listen to the reporter and pick out the two main causes of stress. 0:40 to 0:52
Low pay and unreasonable workload.
6 Read this list of other causes of job stress. Which ones are mentioned by the reporter?
❒ a. Not enough office space ❒ d. Not having a job in the desired field
❒ b. Annoying co-workers ❒ e. Bosses that are too demanding
❒ c. Too much commuting
Explain how the economic situation may have Listen to Brian. Why isn’t he stressed
7 8
an impact on stress. 0:52 to 1:17 at work? 1:18 to 1:34
As a result of the recession, employees are doing more Because he finds dealing with his two teenagers more
work with fewer resources for the same pay. stressful than work. He goes to work to relax.
9 Listen to the end of the programme. What does 22News invite viewers to do? 1:37 to end
Visit their website to discover five easy ways to reduce stress.
# speak up
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1. Listen to the following interview questions and write down (R) if the intonation rises
and (F) if the intonation falls at the end of the question.
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5
F R F R F
2. Explain what you notice.

With yes/no questions, intonation rises. With wh- questions, intonation falls.
G
TRAININ 1. With all the information collected, give an account of the video.
FOR T H E
2. Prepare a questionnaire on stress. Write down about ten questions

EXAM
(ex.: Do you often feel stressed at work / school?). Interview your classmates
and teachers. Report on your findings.

Text
Why women don’t pursue

careers in STEM
STEM — Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathe-
matics — studies and a career in manufacturing have tra-
ditionally belonged to a ‘man’s world’. While a new study
by Emerson found out that the interest in pursuing STEM
5 careers in the US was on the rise, only 39% have “felt encour-
aged to do so,” the study concluded.
According to Industry Week’s article, women were even less
inclined to do so. “Two out of three women said they were not
encouraged to pursue a career in STEM.” Of that group, many gave
10 a lack of female role models within the industry and stereotypes against
women as their main reasons.
The survey results show a missed opportunity as “industries continue to report
that they cannot find individuals with the skills required for today’s advanced
workplaces.” According to the National Association of Manufacturers, more than
15 70% of manufacturers are having difficulties in dealing with the shortage of skilled
labour.
Lisa Bergstrom, Managing Director at Copperberg […] pointed out how the lack of
women in the talent pool might be harming the manufacturing industry:
“This is a question that is often discussed in our community. The truth is, we see very
20 few female leaders in the manufacturing industry. That, of course, influences how the
industry is perceived. If you are a woman aspiring a career within for example STEM,
you might seek opportunities in another industry. […] By not being an attractive
workplace for women, an employer basically only chooses from 50% of the potential
applicants. From a competitive perspective, it cuts down the selection of talent to
25 half. I truly believe that the manufacturers who will be able to pave the way for female
leadership, will in the long term be the most successful ones.” […]
Negative stereotypes and lack of female role models in manufacturing
continues to discourage women from pursuing careers in STEM,
by Muge Hizal Dogaroglu, © Copperberg AB, D.R. ■
1 Say if these statements are right or wrong. Justify your answers.
a. Most people in the US are interested in a career in STEM.

Wrong. Only 39%.
b. Far fewer women than men feel motivated to pursue a career in STEM.
True. “Women were even less inclined to do so.”
c. The absence of female role models is the only reason why women don’t pursue
a career in STEM.
False. Women are also discouraged by stereotypes against them.
d. Many manufacturers cannot find people qualified enough to perform advanced

manufacturing work.
True. “More than 70% of manufacturers are having difficulties in dealing with the shortage of skilled labour.”

Text
e. There are many women leaders in the manufacturing industry.

False. “We see very few female leaders in the manufacturing industry.”
f. By not encouraging women, employers miss out on potential talents.

True. “[…] From a competitive perspective, it cuts down the selection of talent to half.”
2 Explain why the lack of female leaders has a negative impact on women looking
for a job in STEM.
Because it shows that the manufacturing industry is a male-dominated world. Women wanting a job in STEM know
that there won’t be opportunities for them to advance their careers.
3 Say what manufacturers need to do to be truly successful.

They need to prepare women for leadership in their industry.
4 Match the words (1-7) with their opposites (a-g) from the text.
a. benefit • • 1. shortage
b. downhill • • 2. cut down
c. abundance • • 3. encouraged
d. increase • • 4. missed
e. traditional • • 5. on the rise
f. found • • 6. advanced
g. discouraged • • 7. harm
5 Complete the sentences with words (a-g) from above.
a. Low-priced imports will harm the industry.
b. If you spend more than your income, you should try to cut down on expenses.
c. There is a shortage of skilled workers in this industry.
d. Because of the recession, the number of unemployed is on the rise .
e. Without more training or advanced technical skills, they will lose their jobs.
f. Women should be encouraged to pursue a career in STEM.
g. Not recruiting women is a missed opportunity.
6 Make common word combinations with the verbs and nouns below.
• 1. a strategy
a. to seek •
• 2. advice
• 3. female leadership
b. to pursue •
• 4. opportunities
• 5. a course
c. to encourage •
• 6. cooperation
• 7. a career
EXPRESS
What are the pros and cons of a career in STEM?
F
YOURSEL U S E F U L PH RA SE S
◗ to go on training courses: faire des formations ◗ job specialisations: les spécialisations

◗ jobs available: les emplois disponibles ◗ to work overtime: faire des heures supplémentaires
Glossary p. 153

Video 2 Going further
Company bans after-work # vidéo

emails to improve employee foucherconnect.fr/
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work-life balance
Before watching
1 • Say how often you check your phone in a day. 0:00 1:58
Explain whether you like to be connected all the time or not.
I check my phone several times a day. I’m always connected.
KEY W ORDS
◗ to ban: interdire
2 • Say if you think companies have the right to contact ◗ a bill: une proposition de loi
employees after hours. ◗ to spread: se répandre
◗ to unplug: se déconnecter
In my opinion, employers should only contact employees after
hours when there is an emergency.
Understanding
1 Complete what presenters Lisa Hughes and Liam Martin say at the beginning of the video. 0:00 to 0:13
“Technology certainly makes our jobs easier in so many ways. But it’s also made it a lot harder to disconnect.”
2 Choose the right answer. 0:14 to 0:35 3 Choose the right answer. 0:35 to 0:42
What is Vynamic’s sector of activity? Dan Calista is:
❒ telecommunications ❒ healthcare ❒ the DHR of Vynamic ❒ an employee
❒ banking ❒ electronics ❒ the CEO of Vynamic ❒ a consultant
4 Describe Vynamic’s new policy regarding work emails. 0:43 to 0:53
No work emails are allowed between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. or any time at weekends.
5 Say whether these statements are right or wrong. Correct them if they’re wrong. 0:54 to 1:21
a. Dan Calista says that employees shouldn’t work outside office hours.
False. He says that employees can work whenever they feel like it, but they shouldn’t send emails after hours
and at weekends.
b. Employees are pleased about Vynamic’s new policy on emails.
True.

Video 2
6 Name the two cities that have introduced legislation to limit the use of work emails. 1:22 to 1:36
Paris and New York.
7 Explain Dan Calista’s opinion on introducing a law to limit emails. 1:37 to 1:45
He believes that a law to limit emails would be unnecessary because most companies will come to limit work emails
when they find out that their teams are more productive this way.
8 Say what the expressions in italics mean. Choose the right answer.
a. Teams are more productive if they create a certain boundary.

❒ if they work in an autonomous way ❒ if they set limits ❒ if they work freely
b. Last year France required all companies to come up with email limits for workers.
❒ introduce ❒ increase ❒ reduce
c. No one at Vynamic gets into trouble for ignoring the policy.
❒ gets rewarded ❒ gets penalised ❒ gets fired
9 Complete these statements at the end of the video.
“Of course the key to any company-wide email ban is enforcement . No one at Vynamic gets into
trouble for ignoring the policy, but they will be reminded as soon as they get to work.”
# speak up
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1. Listen to these words and mark the stress. 2. Complete the rule.
certainly obviously We often stress the first syllable of three-syllable
constantly easily adverbs and adjectives ending in -ly.
happily urgently
3. Practise saying the words. Make sure you stress
actually finally
the right syllable.
G
FOR TH E
2. You’re the CEO of a small electronics company. Make a short presentation
EXAM
to your employees about maintaining a healthy work/life balance.

Language at work
Les articles # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
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Soulignez les articles définis et indéfinis dans les phrases suivantes.
u “But for a trend supposedly sweeping the workplace, the list of people who have assumed the position of CHO
a.
is rather short.”
u The work of a chief happiness officer can range from a focus on employees’ day-to-day feelings to providing
b.
company perks, such as game nights or group outings.
c. u Happiness in the workplace has become such a hot-button conversation topic.
d. u The manager of the closet department would occasionally hide inside one awaiting an unsuspecting customer.
Complétez.
u L’article indéfini en anglais est a/an
u L’article défini est the
Dites ce que les noms ou les groupes de noms en italique ont en commun.
u Absence d’article (déterminant zéro).
Complétez le tableau ci-dessous en donnant le type d’article : a / an / the / déterminant zéro.
u Cet article indéfini s’emploie devant un son « voyelle ». an
u Cet article s’emploie avec un nom singulier indénombrable pour parler d’une catégorie de choses
Ø
ou de personnes en général.
u Cet article s’emploie quand un nom pluriel dénombrable désigne une catégorie de choses
Ø
ou de personnes en général.
u S’emploie quand un nom dénombrable singulier désigne une chose / personne non spécifiée. a ou an
u S’emploie quand le contexte indique de façon claire ce à quoi le nom fait référence. the
Grammar p. 137
Exercises
u Complete the following sentences with a / an / the / Ø.
a. Ø human beings are supposed to be more intelligent d. The position of Chief Executive Officer is the most
than Ø animals. important position in a business corporation.
b. This film takes place in a small village in Ø France. e. At the end of the meeting, each participant agreed
on the decisions that had been taken.

c. Ø health care professionals are looking for an
effective way to manage Ø stress, prevent Ø burn out
and improve Ø patient care.

Let's be PRO!
Writing an Out of Office
email message
An out of office email (also called an OOO message) is an automated
response that immediately notifies senders that you’re currently away
from your workplace and will not be reading or responding to emails as
quickly as usual. This message is sent as an automatic response to any
message that enters your inbox.
Email is an essential tool in the workplace for communicating with
colleagues and clients alike. If you’re unable to respond to emails
because you are taking time off, attending a work event or away from
your computer for any other reason, it’s important to set up an out of
office message. This will help keep people informed so that they know
what to do in your absence.
Your job
You’re the System Administrator of an insurance company. You’re

currently on a business trip in Denmark. You will be away 10 days (10-
20 June). You won’t be able to answer your emails very quickly. Your
colleague Alex Jefferson can handle urgent requests. Employees can
also call technical support for all non-urgent technical issues.
Your task
Use the details above to write a professional OOO email.
Tips
An effective OOO email should include the following elements:
• A friendly, professional greeting.
Example: Hello, Hi there!
• How long you’ll be away: give the exact dates.
• When a sender can expect a response.
• Who to contact if the request is urgent.
Example: For urgent requests / If this is an emergency, please contact
Mr/Ms X (email and/or telephone number)
• Instructions for tasks you commonly perform.
Example: If you’re writing about the financial report, please contact…
• Why you’re away (optional).
Example: out of the country, on a business trip, on vacation etc.

Check point
1 Find the ten words that are hidden in the grid 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct
horizontally and vertically. words from exercise 1.
K K X O K A Q M A N D A T O R Y a. He lives quite far from the city. He has

G C E A N U K I B F Q J P L M E to commute to work every day.
B R E R J K H M A M U O X G K J b. She was too overloaded with work.
V T S O O G D A L F T Z U M G G She ended up having a burnout .
J E Y U B S Z Z A G E Q F O Q O
c. Students often undertake an eight-to-ten-
H O C D L T H Q N F L U B O U N
week summer internship between their
A C N Q E Y T Q C I E L U N B Q
first and second years.
U B Z B S X T X E C W P R L B Q
d. Unemployment is higher than it was
Y W Q V S T M O I P O H N I R J
in 1994 and almost half of young people
J H P L F A B I I I R P O G S J
are jobless .
N F L E X I T I M E K F U H S T
e. Some people are heavily dependent
J S I N T E R N S H I P T T R E
on moonlighting to make ends meet.
H V T T P H C D R V N S H I F T
S E T R Q A S N K F G B D N K G f. His company has introduced
C O M M U T E B K V R J K G H X flexitime arrangements to help

families.
g. In this company, wearing a suit

is mandatory .
3 Match these phrases.
a. More than 70% of manufac- 1. the manufacturing h. Teleworking has reduced
• •
turers are having difficulties industry. commuting and improved people’s quality
b. Women were not of life.
• • 2. to a “man’s world”.
encouraged
i. She’s just finished a 12-hour shift
c. STEM studies have 3. in dealing with the
• •
traditionally belonged shortage of skilled labour. at the hospital.
d. The lack of women in the 4. in pursuing STEM careers
• • j. He refuses to work too hard. He wants
talent pool might be harming in the US was on the rise.
a good work-life balance .
e. A new study by Emerson 5. to pursue a career in
• •
found out that the interest STEM.
# quiz time
W ORD BOX foucherconnect.fr/
21ind35
Types of jobs: les types d’emplois ◗ a temp: un(e) intérimaire Managing stress at work:
◗ temping: travail temporaire gérer le stress au travail
◗ full-time: à temps plein
◗ an intern (US)/a trainee (UK): un(e) stagiaire Ways of working: les façons de travailler ◗ burnout: l’épuisement
◗ an internship/work placement: un stage ◗ to clock in/out: pointer en arrivant / en partant ◗ to lay off: licencier
◗ jobless: sans emploi ; chômeur ◗ to commute: faire la navette entre le domicile ◗ overloaded: surchargé
◗ moonlighting: le travail au noir ; le cumul et le lieu de travail ◗ perks: des avantages en nature
d’emplois ◗ flexitime: des horaires flexibles ◗ work/life balance: l’équilibre entre la vie
◗ part-time: à temps partiel ◗ a night shift: une équipe de nuit professionnelle et la vie privée
◗ self-employed: indépendant / à son compte ◗ a shift: un poste (= une période de travail) ◗ workload: la charge de travail
Glossary p. 153

Recruiting UNIT
Talent 2
A job fair at the Queens Center Mall in the borough of Queens in New York.
KEY W O R DS
1 Describe the photo. What are the people doing? ◗ to familiarise yourself with
the company culture: se familiariser
A speed interview session is taking place in a mall. Jobseekers are talking to employers avec la culture d’entreprise
to familiarise themselves with company culture and perhaps to make a pitch to employers. ◗ a graduate: un(e) diplômé(e)
d’université
Employers are trying to identify new talent. ◗ to hire, to recruit: embaucher
◗ to interact with employers: interagir
avec des employeurs
◗ a job fair: un salon de l’emploi
◗ a job interview: un entretien
2 List the best ways to recruit talent. d’embauche
◗ a job seeker: un demandeur d’emploi
Personal networks (which you know), advertisements, social media, internal recruitment,
◗ to make a pitch: se promouvoir
head hunters, etc.
◗ packed, crowded: bondé(e)
◗ a skill: une compétence
UNIT 2 - recruiting taLent • 17

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Job ads

A B
➜ JOB VACANCIES Recruitment
Urgently required We’re looking for a
A well-established electrical engineering company is hiring energetic
personnel to fill the following positions: secretary
1. ACCOUNT ASSISTANTS
Requirements:
Technician Qualification from recognised institution with a minimum
of three years’ experience in industry. Knowledge of an accounting • Minimum HAVO/MBO level
package will be an added advantage.
Good communication skills and a working knowledge of MS Office • Fluent command of English
are an advantage. At least four traceable employment references are and Dutch, spoken and written
required. • Working knowledge of Microsoft
2. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING/ELECTRONICS Office
DIPLOMA HOLDERS • Must be highly organised and
Higher education qualification in Electrical Engineering or Electro- process-oriented
nics with at least three years’ work experience.
Good communication skills and a working knowledge of MS Office • Must be discreet and trustworthy
will be desirable. At least three traceable employment references • Must be able to work
will be required.
independently
3. WELDER/BOILER MAKERS —
Three years’ work experience and suitable qualifications required.
To apply, please send your CV to
To apply, send the necessary documents to
info@ebs.com
➜ elecco@gmail.com
1 Say whether these statements refer to ad A, ad B or both.
a • The company has several positions to fill. A
b • The candidate needs to know how to use Microsoft Office. A and B
c • The candidate must be autonomous. B
d • The company requires references from the candidate’s previous employers. A
e • The candidate will send his/her application by email. A and B
f • The candidate must be proficient in certain languages. B
g • This company requires several years’ experience in the job. A
h • The candidate needs to be properly qualified. A and B
2 Complete the following sentences with words from the ads above.
a • To apply, send your CV and covering letter to the following address.
b • You must be fluent in English and German.
c • We are looking for an experienced engineer.

d • We are seeking candidates to fill several job vacancies in our company.
e • You need to have an accounting qualification from a recognised institution.
18 • UNIT 2 - recruiting taLent

To start with
ACTIVITY 2 The selection process

3 Fill in the chart below with the different steps of the selection process
in the right order.
interviewing candidates – making a job offer – advertising the job – making a shortlist
of candidates – reviewing CVs – testing the candidates’ skills.
advertising reviewing making a interviewing testing the making

checking
the job ➜ CVs ➜ shortlist of ➜ candidates ➜ candidates’ ➜ references
➜ a job offer
candidates skills
ACTIVITY 3 Interview questions

4 Match the interview questions (1-5) with their answers (a-e).
a. What are your reasons for 1. I pay great attention to detail and I work well
• •
leaving your current employer? in a team.
b. Why did you change jobs 2. I can be a little slow at finishing projects;
• •
so frequently? it’s because I’m very thorough.
b. What do you think you 3. I like what I do, but I’m looking for more
• •
can bring to my company? responsibility with fresh challenges.
d. What is your greatest 4. I wanted to acquire as much experience
• •
weakness? as possible.
e. What are your strengths? • • 5. My determination. I know I can achieve my goals.
ACTIVITY 4 A bad interview

5 Spot all the mistakes made by the candidate before and # vidéo
during the interview: body language, attitude, answers. foucherconnect.fr/
21ind08
– The candidate was looking at his phone when he was called for his interview.
– His clothes were too casual (baggy T-shirt).
– He wasn’t very well groomed.
– He was still looking at his phone when he walked into the manager’s office.
– He didn’t shake hands with the HR manager when he first met him.
– He mentioned his salary expectations at the start of the interview.
– He answered a phone call during the interview.
– He couldn’t think of any weaknesses. He was overconfident, etc.
EXPRESS
What is your ideal job?
F
YOURSEL U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ a challenging job: un travail stimulant ◗ to make a difference: apporter un plus

◗ a great pay package: une très bonne rémunération ◗ to progress: évoluer
Glossary p. 153

How employers check job # vidéo

applicants’ social media foucherconnect.fr/
21ind09
Before watching
1 • Say whether you’re careful about what you post
on social media.
0:00 2;26
No, I’m not careful, because I feel that social media is about
expressing your ideas and feelings without restraint.
Yes, I’m very careful because I know that all the information
I provide about myself can be misinterpreted and manipulated. KEY W ORDS
◗ digital footprint: l’empreinte
numérique
2 • Say whether you think employers should check ◗ to go through with a fine-tooth
comb: passer au peigne fin
candidates’ social media profiles.
◗ to spruce up: embellir, donner
No, because they would be biased by what they find, and this un coup de neuf
◗ to track: suivre la trace
could influence their decision. I believe that candidates should be
selected for their skills only, or because they are the right fit for
a company.
Yes, because they could see who the candidates really are, and
what other people think of them. This could help them to choose
between candidates of equal ability.
Understanding
1 Watch and present the video.
This video is a TV programme on social media, broadcast by the TV channel WXYZ-TV Detroit.
2 Say whether this statement is right or wrong. Correct if it is wrong. 0:15 to 0:39
a. Matthew Smith is wearing real spectacles.

Wrong. He’s using a Snapchat filter over his photograph.
b. According to Matthew Smith, you still have a chance to find a job even if you’re pulling a face on a photograph.
True.
Choose the right answer. 0:47 to 0:50

Pick up two things you should do about your social 4
3 Jeanette never posts _________ on her page.
media profile when applying for a job. 0:39 to 0:46
❒ any selfie at all
1. Delete some content.
❒ any selfie with other people

2. Polish up your image. ❒ any selfie with a kissy face

Video 1
5 Pick out three things that employers look for on candidates’ social media profiles. 0:51 to 1:06
Employers look for illegal activities, drug use and inappropriate comments.
6 Answer the questions. 1:08 to 1:40
a. What can employers ask candidates to do?

They can ask candidates to provide their passwords to access their social media pages.
b. How does Jeanette feel about this?

She doesn’t feel comfortable with the idea of giving employers her password.
Complete this sentence Choose the right answer. 1:43 to the end
7 8
from the video. 1:30 to 1:37 Matthew Smith’s final piece of advice to candidates is:
So you can hide tagged photos from friends, ❒ make sure you delete your Twitter, Facebook and Instagram
delete others, but experts say accounts.
‘why not carefully craft the image you want ❒ make sure you hide who you really are.
an employer to see?’ ❒ make sure what employers find is what you want them to find.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind10
1. Listen to the recording and repeat these words.

watch – wash – shoe – check – social – polish – sure – Snapchat – shoulder – cheese – share – chip
2. Say which sound you hear for each word.

[ʃ] as in ship: wash, shoe, social, polish, sure, shoulder, share
[tʃ] as in chair: watch, check, Snapchat, cheese, chip
G
FOR TH E
2. You’re at a job interview. On your social media profile the interviewer has
EXAM
found a photo of you getting drunk at a party. He wants you to comment on it.
What do you say?

Text
The new way companies

are evaluating candidates’
soft skills (and discovering
high-potential talent)
Soft skills are the #1 talent trend of 2019, with 91%
of employers saying they’re very important to the
future of recruiting and HR. But the problem is that
they are notoriously hard to screen for. In fact, when
5 we asked 9,000 hiring managers and recruiters what’s
the biggest issue with the current interview formats
(like behavioral questions), 63% said it’s the inability to
identify soft skills.
It makes sense: a candidate probably won’t say, “Oh, yeah, I’m
10 an average communicator with sub-par1 time management skills
and almost no grit2.” But soft skills (e.g., accountability, leadership,
teamwork) are super important: they can be the difference between a great hire
and a toxic employee.
That’s where new solutions like predictive soft skills assessments come in. To fill
15 the gap between the need to measure soft skills and the inadequacy of traditional
interviews, companies like Koru and Pymetrics have developed pre-screening online
assessments – user-friendly tests that take candidates about 20 minutes to complete
and give employers a sense of their soft-skill strengths and weaknesses.
Whether candidates play neuroscience-inspired games or answer straightforward
20 questions, these online tests let companies screen large pools of talent quickly and
make smarter hiring decisions. […]
Gregory Lewis, February 26th, 2018 © LinkedIn Corporation 2020, D.R. ■
1 • sub-par: not up to standard, inferior; 2 • grit: determination
1 What are soft skills? In the table below, write S for soft skills and H for hard skills.
time management S
typing speed H
machine operation H
communication S
computer programming H
teamwork S
leadership S
maths and statistics knowledge H
flexibility S
creativity S

Text
2 List the soft skills mentioned in the text.

Time management, communication, teamwork, accountability, leadership.
3 Explain the following figures from the text.
a. 91%: percentage of employers who think soft skills are very important for the future of recruitment.
b. 9,000: number of hiring managers and recruiters polled.
c. 20 minutes: time needed to complete online assessments.
4 Explain why question-based traditional interviews present a problem.

They’re not effective enough at identifying soft skills.
5 Say why detecting soft skills is extremely important when recruiting a future
employee.
Soft skills can determine the difference between a great recruit and a bad one.
6 Say what new solutions are available to employers for the detection of soft skills.
They can use online soft skills assessments developed by companies such as Koru and Pymetrics.
7 Pick out two different formats for online soft skills assessment.
– Neuroscience-inspired games.
– Traditional questions.
EXPRESS
Choose three soft skills and say which of them you possess and which
F
YOURSEL you need to work on. Give examples/situations which show that you have
or haven’t got these skills.
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ to be a good listener: savoir écouter ◗ self-motivated: motivé(e)
◗ to cope with stress: gérer le stress ◗ a team leader: un(e) chef(fe) d’équipe
◗ an effective communicator: un(e) bon(ne) ◗ well organised: bien organisé(e)
communicant(e)
Glossary p. 153

AI recruitment # vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind11
Before watching
1 • Say what AI stands for.

Artificial Intelligence.
0:00 2:50
2 • Imagine the possible downsides of using AI
in recruitment.
Applicants may prefer interacting with humans rather than with
recruitment bots. The lack of personal interaction may turn some KEY W ORDS
people away. Recruitment bots might not be able to identify ◗ an assignment: une tâche
personality, work ethic and character. ◗ a bias: un préjugé
◗ raw talent: le talent naturel
◗ top-tier: de premier rang
Understanding
1 How many Chinese students graduate every year? Check the right answer. 0:01 to 0:06
❒ 4 million ❒ 7 million ❒ 10 million
2 Say which graduates have a chance of getting a job at L’Oréal. 0:12 to 0:30
Only those from the top universities.
Explain the problem faced by companies Describe how L’Oréal has simplified
3 4
such as L’Oréal. 0:30 to 0:51 its recruitment process this year. 0:52 to 1:20
Because they receive too many applications, they have Applications are completed online with a mobile phone
to restrict the number of candidates, and they run and there are only three simple questions to answer.
the risk of overlooking good profiles.

Video 2
5 Say who or what analyses the answers. 1:21 to 1:35 Point out what aspects of the answers
6
they pay attention to. 1:21 to 1:35
The computers of a start-up company based in Shanghai.
Essentially the language: vocabulary, sentence
structure.
7 Say what advantage computers have over other forms of recruitment according to Robin Young. 1:40 to 2:05
They can select people without any bias.
8 Complete what the reporter says about the results of this year’s recruitment at L’Oréal. 2:07 to 2:16
“This year, of the 70 new recruits , more than a third come from universities
that wouldn’t previously have been considered .”
9 Say what type of recruits L’Oréal is looking for according to Jacob Bonk. 2:18 to the end
L’Oréal is looking for raw talent and for recruits who will fit into the company culture.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind12
1. Listen to the recording and repeat these words. 2. Now say these phrases out loud.
a. Job-hungry graduates
who how holiday behind
b. How does a company go about choosing the best?
her hello help home c. Her high computer score
d. You can programme it to act like a real human.
G
FOR TH E
2. Role-play: a job interview at L’Oréal
EXAM
a) The interviewer: write three questions to ask the candidate. They should
be about leadership, team work and innovation (key L’Oréal values).
b) The candidate: prepare answers to these questions. Don’t forget

to illustrate them with examples.
c) Role-play the interview. Don’t forget to give feedback at the end.

Language at work
Poser des questions # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind13
Observez les phrases suivantes.
1. u Tell us what you do in your spare time. 5. u Why did you leave your previous job?
2. u Can you start next week? 6. u How long do you plan to work for us?
3. u Do you have a driving licence? 7. u I wonder why you didn’t finish your studies.
4. u What is your greatest weakness?
Classez les questions (1-7) en trois catégories (A-C).

Complétez la structure de base pour chaque type de question.
A u Questions fermées (oui/non) B u Questions en wh- et how C u Interrogatives indirectes
Numéro de la phrase 2,3 4, 5, 6 1, 7
Structure
Auxiliaire + sujet + verbe Pronom interrogatif + auxiliaire Verbe introducteur + pronom
+ sujet + verbe interrogatif + ordre de la phrase
affirmative ou négative (pas
Ou : pronom + verbe d’inversion du sujet et du verbe)
Grammar p. 151
Exercises
1 u Find the question corresponding to the words 2 u Translate the following questions into English.
in bold type.
a. Tu parles anglais ?
a. I lost my job two years ago.
Do you speak English?
How long ago did you lose your job?
b. Que t’est-il arrivé ?
b. I left my job because I was bored.
What (has) happened to you?
Why did you leave your job?
c. As-tu regardé la liste des postes vacants ?
c. I played tennis for five years, then I stopped.
Did you look/have you looked at the list of vacancies?
How long did you play tennis?
d. Je me demande quand il va venir nous voir.
d. She’s 19 years old.
I wonder when he’ll come and see us.
How old is she?

e. Combien d’argent te faut-il ?
e. I have told him nothing.
How much money do you need?
What have you told him?

Let's be PRO!
Preparing an elevator pitch
An elevator pitch is a short summary used to describe a person in a

quick and concise way. It is based on the idea of meeting someone in
an elevator and having a couple of seconds to chat. An elevator pitch
is an important tool for your job search. It’s an effective way of telling
Tips
a potential employer and/or contact – such as someone you meet in How to prepare your elevator pitch
an elevator – who you are, how you can contribute, and what kind of 1. Write it down.
position you’re seeking. 2. Keep it short. You want a pitch
that would fit into the average elevator
ride of about 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
Your task In most cases, that means less than
200 words.
Use this sample to create your own elevator pitch 3. Clarify your objectives. Identify
and practise it with a partner. what you want to accomplish.
4. Quantify your achievements.
5. Focus on your audience. Think
about what your listener needs and
highlight the benefits you could deliver
to them. State your ability to enhance
quality, save money, or create more
Hi. My name is.......................... . I have efficient systems by using an example
from your past. Be prepared with more
a degree in................ and/or I have......... details in case there are any questions.
6. Highlight your strengths.
years’experience in............................. . Use a positive statement about your
qualifications, focusing on your
strengths, and back it up with an
I am currently seeking jobs such as
example. Don’t just say “I’m hard-
working,” but back it up with a specific
[name 3-5 job titles, and/or in, name story such as, “Throughout my college
career I worked 20 hours a week and
3-5 industries or companies]. attended school full-time…” From there,
move on to a specific example that
is related to the type of work you are
I have experience in......... . In my past work seeking.
7. Rehearse carefully. Practise while
experience, [example of positive work looking in a mirror or record yourself.
Memorise your pitch. You can’t read it
experience]. So I am hoping to continue from a piece of paper.
8. Be confident and enthusiastic.
to [your ideal position]. Make eye contact with the person
you’re talking to.

Check point
1 Complete these extracts from job ads

using the words in the boxes.
team closely opportunities dynamic
graduate skills previous 2 Write the words in the correct

order to create interview questions.
a. We are seeking a young, dynamic professional to join
a. work / in / you / Do / team / a / well
our marketing team.
Do you work well in a team?
b. You must have a positive attitude, strong creative skills ,
and an ability to work well in a team .
b. you / any / questions / got / Have
c. There are excellent opportunities for promotion within the Have you got any questions?
department.
d. We are looking for a graduate to join our company. c. should / you / employ / Why / we
e. You will work closely with the Chief Strategy Officer Why should we employ you?
to help create and develop new products.
f. You must have previous work experience in a similar d. start / could / When / you
position. When could you start?
e. leave / current / to / Why / you / employer /

want / your / do
3 Match the verb with the noun. Why do you want to leave your current
a. to seek • • 1. a vacancy employer?
b. to apply for • • 2. extensive knowledge
c. to recruit • • 3. a position
d. to require • • 4. a job
e. to fill • • 5. an accountant
# quiz time
21ind14
The job market: le marché du travail Building your CV: faire son CV ◗ available: disponible
◗ benefits: des avantages
◗ to apply for: postuler à/pour ◗ achievements: des réalisations
◗ to hire: embaucher
◗ classified ads: des petites annonces ◗ a CV (UK)/a résumé (US): un CV
◗ a job interview: un entretien d’embauche
◗ an employment agency: une agence ◗ a degree: un diplôme d’université
pour l’emploi ◗ job opportunities: des débouchés
◗ knowledge: des connaissances
◗ a graduate: un(e) diplômé(e) d’université ◗ a network: un réseau
◗ a skill: une compétence
◗ a job centre: Pôle emploi ◗ to recruit: recruter
◗ a strength: une force
◗ job-hunting: la recherche d’emploi ◗ required: exigé(e)
◗ a weakness: une faiblesse
◗ a job seeker: un(e) demandeur(se) d’emploi ◗ requirements: les exigences
◗ to look for a job/to seek a job: chercher Recruiting: le recrutement ◗ salary: le salaire
un emploi ◗ an advertisement/ad/advert: une annonce ◗ to suit/to be suitable: convenir/qui convient,
être adapté
◗ an applicant: un(e) candidat(e)
◗ a vacancy: un poste vacant
◗ an application: une candidature
Glossary p. 153

Esport: UNIT
The Recognition
of New Athletes 3
KEY W ORDS
1 Look at the photo and describe what you see. ◗ an arena: un stade
◗ to attend: assister à
In this photo I can see esport teammates playing a multiplayer game on their
◗ to compete: concourir/disputer
computers in a live competition. They are all wearing headphones and we can read ◗ a crowd: une foule
the name of the event on the back of their chairs. They are competing in front ◗ headphones: un casque audio
of a large crowd so they must be taking part in an important event. ◗ a live competition: une compétition
en direct
◗ a multiplayer game: un jeu multijoueur
2 Say if you would like to attend such an event. ◗ an online tournament: un tournoi en ligne
Open answer. I don’t know if I would like to attend such an event because I’m not sure ◗ to take part in a sporting event: prendre
part à un événement sportif
I’d be interested in watching people play in an online tournament for hours. I don’t
◗ teammates: co-équipiers(ères)
think I would have the same sensations watching an esport event and a traditional
sporting event.
UNIT 3 - esport: the recognition of neW athLetes • 29

To start with
# vidéo
ACTIVITY 1 What is esport? foucherconnect.fr/
21ind22
1 Watch the video and give the definition of esport.

Esport is competitive videogaming, professional or non-professional.
2 Compare the popularity of esport and the NBA.

73 million viewers watched the final of The League of Legends Championship, which is three times more than
the number of people who watched the NBA 2017 finals.
3 Explain what Excel is.

Excel is a UK-based esport organisation taking care of esport professionals in the UK to help them pursue
an esport career (finding sponsors, contracts...).
ACTIVITY 2 How esport prize purses compare to traditional sports
eSport events traditional sporting events

The international 2017
Dota 2 $24,700,000
Confederations Cup 2017
Football $20,000,000
The Masters 2017
Golf $11,000,000
LoL World Championship 2016
League of Legends $4,950,000
ICC Championship Trophy 2017
Cricket $4,500,000
Dota 2 Asia Championship 2015
Dota 2 $3,058,000
Halo World Championship 2016
Halo 5: Guardians $2,500,000
PDC World Darts Championship 2018
Darts $2,400,000
Tour de France 2017
Cycling $2,295,000
Sources: esportsearnings.com, Total Sportek, FIFA, cityam, CBS ■
4 Observe the chart and match the following words with their definition.
a. prize pool • • 1. an indoor game in which small pointed objects are thrown at a target
b. esport event • • 2. a contest in which people compete individually or as team with the aim
of winning
c. sporting event • • 3. a bat and ball game played between two teams
d. cricket • • 4. the total amount of money that is distributed among the winners
in a tournament
e. darts • • 5. an organised, multiplayer video game competition
30 • UNIT 3 - esport: the recognition of neW athLetes

To start with
5 Underline the correct element(s) in the following sentences.
a • The International 2017 Dota 2 prize is the highest/the lowest prize of all.
b • Cyclists are richer/poorer than other athletes.
c • Football players are the best/the worst paid among traditional athletes.
d • League of Legends is more/less famous than Halo.
e • The golf Masters prize is not as generous as/more generous than the Confederation Cup prize.
ACTIVITY 3 Why esport should be considered a sport

Sports and Esports aren’t as different as you may think they similar to sports in training
are. In fact, they share more similarities than differences. […] and practice but they also
In sports, most of the time is spent, practicing, training, are competitive in nature.
and going over plays. […] Competitive Esports share the […]
same philosophy of rigorous training and practice if not Traditional sports and
more so than other sports. esports are also in the same
Though there is probably not as much of an emphasis business of sponsorships,
on physical training, some Esports players still spend a advertisement, and promotion of brands.
ridiculous amount of time practicing. […] Not only is Esports Joshua Jurado, Opinion: why esports should be considered a
sport, ©The Hornet, hornet.fullcoll.edu, D.R. ■
6 Read the text, highlight the similarities and underline the differences
between esport and traditional sport.
7 Say if these statements are right or wrong. Justify by quoting from the text
when the statement is wrong.
a • Esports players practise more than other athletes. True.
b • Traditional sports and esports are very different. False. “Sports and Esports aren’t as different
as you may think they are.”
c • Esports players don’t have a lot of physical training. True.
d • Esports players don’t have sponsors. False. “Traditional sports and esports are also in the same
business of sponsorships [...]”
EXPRESS
Do you think that esport is really a sport and that professional gamers
F
YOURSEL
are athletes?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ to be rewarding: être gratifiant(e) ◗ to exert oneself: faire des efforts/se donner du mal
◗ to be skilled/gifted: être talentueux(se)/doué(e) ◗ to spend time behind a screen: passer du temps

◗ to dedicate oneself to: se consacrer à derrière un écran
Glossary p. 154

Young professional gamers # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind23
Before watching
1 • Express your opinion: do you think gaming can be a job?
I think it can be a job because some people are paid to play
video games, they are making their dream come true.
I don’t think it is a job, it’s a hobby. Playing video games is a leisure 0:00 2:53
activity.
KEY W ORDS
2 • Set out the qualities necessary for this job.
◗ to be amazed: être impressionné(e)
You need to have special skills, to be tech-savvy and to
◗ to be tech-savvy: être doué(e) en technologie
be patient because you have to spend a lot of time playing. ◗ to cheer: acclamer
◗ a leisure: un loisir
◗ to make a dream come true: réaliser un rêve
◗ skills: des compétences
Understanding
1 Watch the video and explain in one sentence what it is about.
This video is about young professional gamers who earn money thanks to their gaming.
2 Listen to the TV host and complete what she says. 0:00 to 0:23
“Video games are a big business and young players are raking in the cash . Fortnite,
developed by Epic Games, is huge among teens and young adults . I can’t even talk, I’m just
blown away by all this.”
3 Choose the correct answer.
In the Fortnite World Cup a ❒ 16 ❒ 15 ❒ 14-year-old won over ❒ $3 million ❒ $13 million ❒ $3 billion.
4 Give the following information. 0:24 to 0:46
a. Number of spectators: thousands c. Place of the competition: New York
b. Pseudonym of the champion: Bugha d. Feeling when he won: so happy


Video 1
5 Listen to the other player and pick out the two reasons why he was impressed by the champion. 0:47 to 1:02
He was impressed by his speed and the sum of money he won.
6 Explain why the other player thinks the champion deserved this prize. 1:03 to 1:11
He deserved it because he practised a lot (thousands of hours).
7 Read the following information about the other player and tick the correct statements. 1:12 to 1:39
❒ He practises a lot. ❒ He is a professional gamer.

❒ He earns millions thanks to his gaming. ❒ Some professional gamers are children.
❒ He wants to pay off his debt thanks to his gaming.
8 Explain how the university can help trainee professional gamers. 1:36 to 1:45
They offer some scholarships.
9 Listen to the end of the programme. What will happen next month? 1:58 to the end
A championship for a game called Rainbow 6 will be organised next month and a big crowd is expected.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind24
1. Listen to these words and mark the stress.

career impressed millions scholarship publicity
championship practice tournament recognition popularity
2. Practise saying these words. Make sure you stress the right syllable.
G
FOR T H E
2. Discuss. Is videogaming a job? Prepare three arguments in favour of videogaming
EXAM
as a career. Your partner prepares three arguments against it. Try to convince the other side.
Another student will be the referee and decide who was more convincing.

Text
Traditional sports
relying upon esports
during COVID-19 crisis
(1) It’s a pandemic that has taught us just how unprepared
we were for a disease to spread with such speed and reach
[…]. And the world of traditional sports […] has been
hit just as hard as the rest of us. Fortunately, despite the
5 cancellation of leagues and tournaments across the globe,
sports is finding solace1 in its younger brother: esports.
(2) Esports has been far from sports’ biggest ally during its
burgeoning growth across the last few years, […] especially across
the US, as leagues fail to catch the attention of younger fans; which is
10 precisely the demographic that is turning to competitive gaming for their
entertainment. Yet now, esports is providing a welcome reprieve for sports
teams and players that are struggling2 to provide content during the current crisis.
(3) Of course, esports itself is hardly unaffected; there’s a growing list of tournaments
and events that have been affected by the virus. But competitions and influencers
15 alike are returning to the roots of the industry and streaming online, allowing fans
stuck at home easy access to a constant flow of entertainment.
(4) Sports bodies have been catching on. Perhaps the best example is Formula One,
which recently announced intentions to launch a sim racing series. […] Racing is almost
the perfect match for such a crossover; technology has become so advanced that
20 professional drivers can use simulation racing to accurately practice for major races
in a safe (and relatively inexpensive) environment. But it’s far from the only sport to
use esports as an outlet3 during the downtime created by the ongoing pandemic.
NBA side Pheonix Suns tweeted that it would play out the rest of its season on NBA
2K20, broadcast on Twitch. Monumental Sports Network and NBC Sports Washington
25 announced plans to broadcast Washington Wizards’ NBA and Washington Capitals’
NHL games through NBA 2K20 and NHL 20.
(5) […] If this crisis has taught us anything about esports, it’s the industry’s resilience.
[…] Hopefully, the companies and individuals that populate the sports industry have
learned something, too: esports is a valuable tool to reach a wider4 audience. And it
30 is here to stay.
Jay Massaad, ©esportsinsider.com, D.R. ■
1 • solace: réconfort; 2 • struggling: qui luttent; 3 • outlet: un débouché; 4 • wider: plus large
1 Scan the text and choose one of the following sentences to explain the main idea
of this text.
❒ Esports are becoming more popular than traditional sports and are slowly replacing them
because of the Covid-19 crisis.
❒ Esports can help traditional sports by keeping their fans entertained during the Covid-19
pandemic.
❒ Traditional athletes who can’t practise anymore because of Covid-19 turn to esports
to maintain their level of performance.

Text
2 Match each title (a-e) with a paragraph of the text (1-5).

a. Adapting traditional sports to the situation • • §1
b. The evolving relationship between esports and traditional sports • • §2
c. The impact of Covid-19 on the world of sports • • §3
d. The future of esports • • §4
e. Adapting esport events to the situation • • §5
3 Answer the following questions about the relationship between esport and traditional
sports.
a. Why do traditional sports need esport at this difficult time?
Traditional sports need esport at this difficult time because a lot of events have been cancelled and the only way
for fans to watch some games and competitions is on a screen.
b. What was the relationship between esport and traditional sport before this crisis?
The relationship between esport and traditional sports before the crisis was not good because traditional sporting
businesses lost many young fans to esport.
c. How has esport been impacted by the coronavirus pandemic?

Esport has been impacted by the coronavirus pandemic because some events had a live audience and had
to be cancelled.
4 Read paragraph (3) and choose the right answer to explain the expression
“competitions and influencers alike are returning to the roots of the industry”.
❒ Esports events and players are not playing in front of an audience anymore.
❒ Esports events and players are playing online and are broadcast on the Internet.
❒ Esports events and players are playing in front of a live audience, as usual.
5 Read paragraph (4) and answer the following questions.

a. What sport was the first to turn to esport and why?
Formula One was the first sport to turn to esport because the equipment was easy to find, and some pilots already
used esport (driving simulators) to train.
b. What other sports should follow soon and how?

Basketball and ice hockey should follow soon, using popular video games (NBA 2K20 and NHL 20).
6 Choose the right statement to explain the conclusion of the text.

❒ The traditional sporting industry should use the popularity of esports to have more viewers
because esports will last a long time.
❒ Esports can help traditional sports but only during the Covid-19 crisis and not permanently.
❒ Traditional sports are really popular, and they don’t need esports.
EXPRESS Do you think esports can replace traditional sports?

F
YOURSEL
US E F UL PHRASE S
◗ to be thrilling: être excitant(e) ◗ to feel the excitement: ressentir l’excitation
◗ to be dubious: être dubitatif(ve) ◗ a passing fad: un effet de mode

◗ to experience growing popularity: ◗ to tend to fade: avoir tendance à disparaître
connaître une popularité grandissante
Glossary p. 154

The popularity of esports # vidéo

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Before watching
1 • Explain who you think are the biggest fans of esports.
I think esports are popular among young people. Millennials are
the first generation to have played video games and they are still
one of their favorite hobbies. 0:00 3:59
2 • Express your opinion: do you think the popularity

of esports will grow?
In my opinion the popularity of esports will grow because we live KEY W ORDS
in a digital world. Many teenagers are addicted to their screens and ◗ to be addicted to screens: être accro
aux écrans
they spend hours playing video games or watching gamers stream. ◗ to be long-lasting: tenir dans la durée
Video games last a long time, and so do esports. ◗ digital world: monde numérique
◗ millennials: les personnes nées entre
1980 et 2000
Understanding
1 Watch the video and explain the main idea in one sentence.
This video deals with the popularity of esports, especially among young people and the consequences it has.
2 Say who is interested in esports and why. 0:00 to 0:49
Millennials are interested in esports because they grew up with technology. They can play with people from around the
world and this draws even more people, and then they want to do the same as the people they see playing online.
3 Choose the correct number.
❒ 46 million ❒ 36 million ❒ 26 million people watched the championship finals.
4 Say what is most surprising for the female TV host. 0:49 to 1:45
She is surprised by the million-dollar prizes and salaries.
5 Explain what has changed in videogaming since PacMan.

Now you can compete against people from all over the world because you can play online.

Video 2
Pick out the names 7 Write down the information you learnt about League of Legends. 1:46 to 2:37
6 of the three cities
mentioned. It was created by a company called Riot Game which is a Chinese company.
New York
San Francisco 8 List the two reasons why China is interested in buying esports companies.
Beijing It is a hot trend and a good source of income.
9 Tick the statements you heard.

❒ Young people are into videogaming more than any other ❒ Young people are easily influenced, and they act like
activity. the people they admire.
❒ When they see masses of people playing, it draws more. ❒ Teenagers are not interested in real sport anymore.
10 Explain what worries parents. 2:38 to 3:36
They are worried that their kids will become lazy and will develop health issues such as ADHD and obesity.
Mark Gray makes a distinction between two types of gamers. State which they are and explain
11
the relationship between the two.
On the one hand there are the elite level pro gamers and on the other hand there are children who are influenced by them.
12 Listen to the end of the programme and fill in the blanks. 3:37 to the end
I know in the United States there is a push to get kids out and active in outdoor activities ,
keep gym in schools , things like that. I’m not quite sure if that’s what is going on around the world
and that’s something that’s gonna have to be dealt with in various places on the planet .
# speak up
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1. Read the words below and underline the letters which are pronounced [i:].
keyboard extreme heat receive
tree believe machine Chinese
reason between teenagers achieve
2. Listen to the recording and check your answers.
G
TRAININ 1. With all the informations collected, give an account of the video.
FOR TH E
2. Discuss. Do you think video games have a good influence on teenagers?
EXAM

Language at work
Utiliser la voix passive # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
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Observez les phrases suivantes et soulignez celle qui est à la voix passive.
a. u Companies sold billions of video games.
b. u Online tournaments are watched by many people.
Traduisez ces phrases en français.
a. u Les compagnies vendent des milliards de jeux.
b. u Les tournois en ligne sont regardés par de nombreuses personnes.
Expliquez comment la voix passive est construite.

u La voix passive se forme avec BE conjugué au bon temps, suivi du participe passé du verbe.
Grammar p. 146
Exercises
1 u Turn the sentences into the passive form d. The Covid-19 crisis (change) has changed
starting with the underlined words.
the world of sport.
a. More and more people like esports.

e. In ten years’ time, stadiums (build) will be built
Esports are liked by more and more people.
for esports events.
b. Millions of fans watched the championship finals.
f. Adults (surprise) are surprised by this phenomenon.
The championship finals were watched by millions of fans.
3 u Translate these sentences into English.

c. Esports will attract bigger crowds in the future.
Bigger crowds will be attracted by esports in the future. a. La finale sera jouée demain.
The final will be played tomorrow.
d. Adults have criticised video games for a long time.
Video games have been criticised by adults for a long time. b. Les adolescents sont attirés par les écrans.
e. A sixteen-year-old won $3 million. Teenagers are attracted by screens.
$3 million were won by a sixteen-year-old.

c. Ces dernières années, l’évolution des jeux vidéo
2 u Fill in the blanks with the correctly a été impressionnante.
conjugated verb.
Over the last few years, the evolution of video games
a. Teenagers (influence) are influenced by people has been impressive.
they admire.
d. Les compétitions seront suivies par beaucoup.
b. In 1990 video games (develop) were less developed Competitions will be followed by many.
than today.
e. Les joueurs professionnels ne sont pas vus comme
c. The popularity of esports (grow) will grow de vrais athlètes.
in the future. Professional gamers are not seen as real athletes.

Let's be PRO!
Talking to a foreign
supplier
Nowadays more and more companies deal
with suppliers who are based abroad. Being
able to communicate efficiently with them is
of the utmost importance. It is essential to be
able to understand and be understood by the
different partners you’ll have to work with.
The discussion shouldn’t take too much time,
because your time and your supplier’s are
precious but it shouldn’t be too short either or
the exchange might be perceived as rude.
Your job
You work as an engineer for SONY and you’re working on the

PlayStation 5. Their graphic card supplier for this project is
based in Ireland. They plan to build 500,000 PlayStation 5
and they need as many graphic cards.
Your task
You are in charge of ordering the graphic cards for

this project. Call the supplier to place your order.
Tips
• Specify:
– the number of graphic cards needed, the materials you want them to be
made of, the different performances they should be able to handle;
– the date you want them delivered and where they should be delivered to;
– how your supplier may contact you if needed. KEY W ORDS
• Remember: ◗ a courier: un coursier
– to identify yourself and to be polite; ◗ to deliver: livrer
– to be as professional and precise as possible; ◗ a down payment: un acompte
– to ask for a quote. ◗ an invoice: une facture
• Use these expressions: ◗ a refund: un remboursement
– Would it be possible to speak to…? ◗ a warranty: une garantie
– We were wondering if you would consider working with us.
– We would be delighted to…
– Please don’t hesitate to call me back.

Check point
1 Choose the right answers to complete the following statements.

a. Esport is _______ videogaming. e. Traditional sports _______ rely on esports to attract
❒ online younger fans.
❒ competitive ❒ don’t want to
❒ sport. ❒ can’t
b. Esports’ growing popularity attracts _______ . ❒ can
❒ sponsorships and advertisements f. Esports attract _______ than traditional sports.
❒ many criticisms ❒ as many viewers as
❒ many adults ❒ less viewers than
c. Some teenagers make _______ of gaming and earn millions. ❒ more viewers
❒ a hobby g. Journalists are surprised by _______ .
❒ passion ❒ the prizes won
❒ a career. ❒ the violence of the games
d. Professional gamers are like athletes because _______ . ❒ the cost of video games.
❒ they practise for hours
❒ they play sports
❒ they are physically fit
2 Fill in the blanks with the following words:

teenagers health championships parents viewers earn athletes arenas screens
Over the last few years esport championships have become increasingly popular. They attract millions of viewers
and fill arenas . Professional gamers earn million-dollar prizes and are often teenagers .
Just like real athletes they practise for hours every day. However, some parents worry that their
children spend too much time in front of screens and might develop health issues.
3 Transform the sentences into the passive or active form.
a. The League of Legends Championship attracted millions c. Billions of video games have been sold by companies.
of viewers. Companies have sold billions of video games.
Millions of viewers were attracted by the League of Legends
Championship. d. Some teenagers earn a lot of money thanks to gaming.
b. Thousands of fans are fascinated by esports. A lot of money is earned by teenagers thanks to gaming.
Esports fascinate thousands of fans.
# quiz time
21ind28
Esports: sports en ligne ◗ to last: durer ◗ recognition: la reconnaissance Risks: risques

◗ a screen: un écran ◗ to rely on: compter sur
◗ all over the world: dans le monde ◗ ADHD (Attention Deficit
entier ◗ a tool: un outil ◗ a scholarship: une bourse d’étude Hyperactivity Disorder):
◗ to broadcast: diffuser ◗ a trend: une mode ◗ to spend time: passer du temps l’hyper-activité
◗ to deal with: traiter de ◗ a training: un entraînement ◗ health issues: problèmes
Pro gamers: joueurs professionnels de santé
◗ digital: numérique An audience: un public
◗ to draw people: attirer des gens ◗ to be inclined: avoir tendance
◗ entertainment: divertissement
◗ to earn: gagner sa vie ◗ to be blown away: être épaté(e) ◗ lazy: fainéant(e)
◗ to evolve: évoluer
◗ to pay off a debt: rembourser une dette ◗ to be in awe: être admiratif(ve) ◗ outdoor activities: activités
◗ global: mondial de plein air
◗ growing: grandissant ◗ to pursue a career: poursuivre ◗ to be mesmerised: être fasciné(e)
une carrière
40 • UNIT 3 - esport: the recognition of neW athLetes Glossary p. 154

Technology UNIT
Helping Sport
Performance 4
KEY W O R DS
1 Look at the picture and describe what you can see. ◗ data: les données
◗ digital: numérique
I can see a woman doing physical exercise. She is wearing shorts and sneakers. She is
◗ to enhance: améliorer
using wearable technology (a smart watch and her phone) and in the foreground there are ◗ to improve: améliorer
different data such as her geographical position and a scan of her brain. The wearable tech ◗ to increase: augmenter
◗ a running track: une piste de course
is probably analysing her health data.
◗ smart objects: des objets connectés
◗ sneakers: des baskets
2 Say how you imagine the future of sports. ◗ to train: s’entraîner
In the future I think athletes will use smart objects to train, and also improve their ◗ wearable tech: la technologie
portable
performances. Technology can help them increase their results. Wearable objects such as
digital watches will be more and more popular and will help athletes to be more efficient.
Technology can also help fans to enhance their experiences with VR for example.
UNIT 4 - technoLogy heLping sport performance • 41

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 UK sports technology spending

UK sports funding from 2001 to 2005 and from 2009 to 2013
(World-class performance programme supporting athletes + research spending)
Olympic Olympic
Rank Sport Spending in £K N° athletes
medals 2004 medals 2008
1 athletics 11 400 25 110 64 4 4
2 rowing 10 606 27 470 57 4 6
3 cycling 8 613 26 922 30 4 12
4 sailing 7 597 23 389 40 5 6
5 swimming 6 417 25 606 48 2 6
6 canoeing 4 659 16 289 18 3 3
7 equestrian sports 4 413 13 651 24 3 2
8 Judo 4 107 7 636 24 0 0
9 gymnastics 3 646 10 332 36 0 1
10 triathlon 2 600 5 392 16 0 0
1 Explain what these figures represent.

They represent the money spent by British sports federations on technology and the number of Olympic medals
their athletes won.
2 Look at the spending columns and say which sports received the most money
and which sports received the most medals.
Rowing, athletics, cycling, and swimming received the most money. Rowing, cycling, sailing and swimming
received the most medals.
3 Say if you think spending money on sports technology is a good idea.

I think it is a good idea because when we look at the figures, we see that there is a correlation between
the money invested and the results obtained.
ACTIVITY 2 Can technology improve sporting performance?

4 Watch the video and compare the situation between
athletes in the past and now. # vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
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In the past, athletes spent hours testing in artificial environments to get
information on their performances. Now they use wearable technology on the field and during real competitions.
5 Explain what micro-sensors do.

They monitor the movements of different parts of the body to get a picture of how an athlete moves.
6 List the information gathered during a game.

Distance, speed, location on the field for each player.
42 • UNIT 4 - technoLogy heLping sport performance

To start with
ACTIVITY 3 Sports science and technology trends

The concept of cryotherapy is to expose parts of the body to freezing or
near-freezing temperature. It is possible to submerge most of the body into a
cryotherapy booth, or target specific areas. It helps athletes deal with muscle
pain and it promotes faster healing.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is said to repair and regenerate tissue, limit swelling,
stop infections, and aid in muscle soreness after intense training sessions.
The patient breathes pure oxygen in a pressurized room. The increase in air
pressure causes the lungs to get even more pure oxygen. The pure oxygen is
then carried by the blood throughout the body, where it can help muscles.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is very good for treating head injuries. It is being
used in sports such as American football, where head injuries are a serious
concern.
Doug West, mar 28, 2020, How They Play, D.R. ■
7 Read the text, find information about the two concepts presented and fill in
the grid.
Name of the concept Functioning Effects
Cryotherapy Submit parts of the body Relieve muscle pain.

or whole body to freezing Heal faster.
temperatures.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy Breathe pure oxygen in Repair and regenerate tissue.
a pressurised room to get Limit swelling.
more oxygen than normal. Treat head injuries.
8 Say if the following sentences are true or false and correct them if necessary.
a • Cryotherapy is used on the whole body only.

False. It can target specific areas.
b • You can use hyperbaric oxygen therapy to improve your pulmonary capacities.
False. It helps muscles.
c • American football players often get head injuries.

True.
EXPRESS
Do you think new technologies are necessary for athletes?
F
◗ on the one hand ... on the other hand: ◗ to count on oneself: compter sur soi-même
d’un côté ... d’un autre côté ◗ to increase one’s abilities: augmenter ses capacités
Glossary p. 154

Cyborg Olympics # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
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Before watching
1 • Explain how technology can help disabled athletes.
Technology can help disabled people by compensating their
disability. It can replace a missing limb and help them achieve
their dream. Thanks to technology they are able to compete 0:00 1:49
at a high level.
KEY W ORDS
◗ to achieve something: accomplir
2 • Look at the picture and imagine what type of activities quelque chose
a tournament for disabled athletes could offer. ◗ an adjustment: un aménagement
I think this type of tournament would allow disabled athletes ◗ to be able to: être capable de
◗ to cheat: tricher
to practise everyday tasks with some adjustments. For example,
◗ a disability: un handicap
they could open bottles of water, screw things or use small tools. ◗ fair/unfair: juste / injuste
◗ a limb: un membre
Understanding
Watch the video and explain in one sentence Listen and complete the introduction made by
1 2
what it deals with. the TV hosts. 0:00 to 0:15
This video deals with a disabled athlete who takes A BC paralympic athlete is getting a second
part in an international competition for athletes using chance to compete at a world level, but this competition
prosthetic limbs. will be a lot different .
[...] He’ll be performing what you might consider ordinary
tasks using an extraordinary piece of technology .
3 Choose the right information about the athlete. 0:15 to 0:30
❒ 2nd ❒ the USA ❒ in 1972.

It’s his ❒ 3rd Olympics. He competed for ❒ Canada ❒ in 1982.
❒ 4th ❒ Australia ❒ in 1992.
4 Complete the grid with the information you have learnt about the competition. 0:28 to 0:43
Year: 2016 Number of teams: 9 Type of trials: everyday tasks

Name: Cybathlon Number of trials: 6 Time: under 8 minutes

Video 1
Pick out two details about the prosthetic 6 Explain how the bionic hand works.
5
hand. 0:42 to 0:59
The athlete thinks of a motion, his forearm makes
It is the first of its kind and it was created in Vancouver. the motion and the hand follows. It picks up tiny muscle
movements in the arm.
7 Tick the right propositions. 0:59 to 1:16 Explain why it is important for the team to win
8
a gold medal. 1:17 to 1:34
❒ The team won a competition last summer.
❒ The team finished second last summer. It is important because they finished fourth at the
❒ In Zurich they only had the arm for one week. Paralympics.
❒ They completed the course in less than six minutes.

❒ The next competition is in six months.
9 Describe the athlete’s state of mind regarding the competition.
He is confident. He can win because he has the best tech and he is the best trained.
10 Sum up the athlete’s opinion about his bionic hand. 1:35 to the end
He believes that with this hand, the future is unlimited. He is ready to use it full time to replace his prosthetic hook.
# speak up
SOUNDS AT WORK
audio + basic rules
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1. Listen, repeat and mark the intonation (rising £ or falling ¤).

a. Kick the ball! £ g. Have you got a whistle? £
b. Did he win the race? £ h. Stop running! ¤
c. He is the captain, isn’t he? £ i. What’s your favourite sport? ¤
d. Who will be the champion? ¤ j. Amazing athletes! ¤
e. She is the best. ¤ k. They don’t train today, do they? £
f. What a great match! ¤ l. They aren’t ready. ¤
2. Listen again and check. Practise saying these sentences with the right intonation.
G
FOR T H E
2. Give a speech: you are an advocate for disabled people, and you defend their
EXAM
rights to have as much media coverage as regular sports competitors.

Text
Full body swimsuit now

banned for professional
swimmers
(1) […] The full body swimsuit made famous by
Michael Phelps and other Beijing Olympians in
2008 won’t be seen on anywhere on deck this
year. Beginning this year, swimmers are banned
5 worldwide from wearing polyurethane and
neoprene suits during competition. […]
(2) Since their introduction in 2008 the suits,
which cut down on fatigue and give swimmers more
buoyancy1 and speed, have led to nearly 200 world
10 records. Last year, 43 world records were set at last
summer’s world championships in Rome. Phelps wore the
Speedo LZR, a full-body, 50-percent polyurethane swimsuit
during the Beijing Olympics, where he won eight gold medals.
Phelps broke seven world records in Beijing. Michael Phelps during
the Beijing Olympics.
15 (3) "I’m glad they’re banning them, but they should have done them almost two
years ago, before the damage was done to the history of swimming," said veteran
sports journalist Christine Brennan in an interview with ABC News. […] "It sadly is
a joke because so many records have been broken with the new suit. These records
will not be touched for years, if ever, because they were broken by swimmers using
20 suits that will now be illegal."
(4) […] "Bottom line [is] there are all these entangled2 alliances between swimwear
companies and federations of the board," Brennan said. "Those sponsorship deals
are one of the reasons they didn’t act, and in so doing, they damaged their sports
for years."
25 (5) […] She hopes it will help return some of the integrity that was missing with what
some called "technological doping." […] "It was crystal clear that the world record
pace3 was turning swimming into a joke. Anyone in the sport that had their eyes open
could tell something was wrong," she said.
Kristina Wong, December 4, 2009, ABCNews ■
1 • flottabilité; 2 • enchevêtré; 3 • rythme
1 Scan the text and choose one of the following sentences to explain the main idea
of this text.
❒ It deals with swimmers who were banned from competing because they cheated.
❒ It deals with swimsuits which are now forbidden because they were too efficient.
❒ It deals with swimmers who lost their world records because of new swimsuits.
2 Give three characteristics of the full body suits.

They are made of polyurethane and neoprene, they relieve some of the athletes’ fatigue and they make floating
easier.

Text
a. When were the suits first b. How many world records c. Who is Michael Phelps?
used and on what occasion? were set thanks to the new He is a swimming champion who
They were first used in 2008 for suits? won eight gold medals and broke
the Beijing Olympics. Almost 200 world records were set. seven world records in the 2008
Olympics. He used a full body suit.
4 Say if these sentences about Christine Brennan are right or wrong. Correct them
if necessary.
a. Christine Brennan disagrees with the ban. Wrong. She is glad.
b. She thinks this ban happened too late. Right.
c. She believes many records will be broken soon. Wrong. They won’t be touched for years, if ever.
5 Choose the right answer to explain the phrase "there are all these entangled alliances
between swimwear companies and federations".
❒ Federations encourage swimwear companies to sell more neoprene suits.
❒ Federations want swimwear companies to offer more sponsorships.
❒ Swimwear companies put pressure on the federations to keep using the neoprene suits.
a. Why was swimming turned into a joke? b. Why did the sport lack integrity?
It was turned into a joke because there were so many It lacked integrity because everyone could see
records broken, so fast. the situation was problematic, but it took a long time
for leaders to make decisions and change things.
7 Explain what "technological doping" is.

Technological doping is using technology to enhance your performances to the point of cheating (just like
performance-enhancing drugs).
8 Explain the problems caused by breaking new records while wearing the suits.
They don’t correspond to the real capacities and skills of the athletes who broke them, and it will be almost impossible
to break them now that the full body suits are banned.
EXPRESS Do you think using sports technology is cheating?

F
◗ to be dishonest: être malhonnête ◗ to give a boost: donner un coup de pouce
◗ to be law-abiding: être respectueux(se) de la loi ◗ to give an unfair advantage: donner

◗ to disrespect the fans: manquer de respect aux un avantage déloyal
fans ◗ to skew the results: fausser les résultats
Glossary p. 154

# vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind53
Using sports science

technology to get
at peak performance levels
0:00 2:28
Before watching
KEY W ORDS
1 • List the types of technology athletes use.
I think athletes use embedded technology to monitor biological ◗ embedded technology: la technologie
intégrée
activities such as their heart rate or their blood pressure. Perhaps ◗ heart rate: le rythme cardiaque
they also use technology which corrects their positions to help ◗ to monitor: surveiller
◗ to register: enregistrer
them improve their performances.
2 • Imagine the future of sports technology.

I think the use of sports technology will grow because the use of technology in our everyday life has already grown and
it is likely to continue. If these technologies prove helpful, more athletes and clubs will want to use them. I think new
types of sports technology will be created.
Understanding
1 Watch the video and explain in one sentence what it deals with.
It deals with a soccer team who uses a vest equipped with embedded technology to improve their players’ performances.
Say what distance a soccer player covers during Explain what the Philadelphia Union soccer team
2 3
each match. 0:00 to 0:27 does to get to the top of their game.
A soccer player sprints 11 miles during each match. They use a special kind of medical monitoring system
to get to the top of their game.
Pick out the words associated with soccer. Explain what equipment the players
4 5
0:28 to 0:39 use. 0:40 to 0:52
Speed, strategy and endurance. The players wear vests equipped with a heart rate monitor
and tracking devices over their jerseys.
List the devices used to follow what the players Choose the elements monitored by the sports
6 7
do on the field. technology. 0:53 to 1:14
They use GPS units, accelerometers and gyroscopes. ❒ agility ❒ weight ❒ speed
❒ aim ❒ body reactions ❒ breathing

Video 2
8 Pick out the two decisions trainers and coaches can make thanks to this technology.
They can decide if they push the athlete a little harder or if they need to back off.
Write what you learnt about the player Say what team training involves, what they work
9 10
interviewed and his use of the tech. 1:14 to 1:34 on and why. 1:35 to 1:51
He is recovering from a shoulder injury and for him, this Team training involves a lot of time in the gym, working
technology is a way to see the progression in his recovery on their strength and their endurance to get through
process. the 40 games of the season.
11 Listen to the reporter and the performance director and fill in the blanks. 1:52 to 2:05
He says being super fit also helps reduce injuries , with the science of sport helping
to get the players at peak performance levels.
"Our athletes are running more, they’re sprinting more and our work rates are higher
every single game of the season."
12 Underline the right propositions concerning the conclusion of the video. 2:05 to the end
a. The Philadelphia Union are off to a great / a slow start of the season.
b. Coaches and players are convinced that specialised training will / won’t help them.
c. The journalist thinks their training facility is amazing / old / run down / impressive.
SOUNDS AT WORK # speak up

audio + basic rules
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind54
The sound [θθ] (th) is an unvoiced sound. Your vocal cords don’t vibrate when you make
this sound. Instead you put your tongue between your teeth and you blow air at the same time.
The sound [ð] (th) is a voiced sound.
1. Listen and repeat these words. Then, underline 2. Say these sentences out loud. Listen to the
θ] sound.
the [θ recording to check the pronunciation.
they healthy those therapy a. The athletes train hard.
bath then these there b. They monitor different things.
athletes that something thermometer c. Good health is important there.
them youth third this d. This work on their strength is essential.
G
FOR TH E
2. Role play a discussion between the coach and a player of
EXAM
the Philadelphia Union soccer team.
a) The coach: find three remarks about the data collected by the vest.
They should be about speed, heart rate and mobility.

b) The player: prepare to react to the remarks. You can be happy about
them or not. Use arguments to defend yourself if needed.

Language at work
Prétérit et present perfect # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind55
Lisez les deux phrases suivantes Lisez les deux phrases suivantes
et soulignez le verbe. et soulignez le verbe.
a. u He broke the world record at the last Olympics. c. u They have never won the World Cup.
b. u When she retired, she trained many great athletes. d u He has played soccer for ten years.
Comment est formé le prétérit de la phrase a ? Comment est formé le present perfect dans ces deux
phrases ?
u Il s’agit du verbe irrégulier break.
u L’auxiliaire avoir est conjugué au présent et le verbe
Comment sont formés les deux prétérits de la phrase b ? est au participe passé.
u Il s’agit de deux verbes réguliers auxquels on a ajouté Quelles utilisations du present perfect sont faites ?
la terminaison -ed.
u Il s’agit de faire un bilan d’expérience (c) et de parler
Quelle utilisation du prétérit est faite ? d’une action qui a commencé dans le passé et continue
aujourd’hui (d).
u Il s’agit de raconter un fait qui s’est déroulé dans le passé
et qui est fini.
Grammar p. 146
Exercises
1 u Complete the following sentences with 2 u Translate the following sentences.

the preterit or the present perfect.
a. Have they ever met this team?
a. In 1996 the Olympics (take) place in Atlanta. Ont-ils déjà rencontré cette équipe ?
In 1996 the Olympics took place in Atlanta.
b. She played for her country three times in 2005.
b. They (be) the champions since September. Elle a joué pour son pays trois fois en 2005.
They have been the champions since September.
c. He has played golf since his childhood.
c. She (train) with him for years. Il joue au golf depuis son enfance.
She has trained with him for years.
d. They ran the 200m in the London Olympics.
d. He (not win) his last race. Ils ont couru le 200m aux Jeux olympiques de Londres.
He didn’t win his last race.
e. Manchester United (play) against Liverpool yesterday e. Kansas City has won the Superbowl twice.
and they (lose). Kansas City a gagné le Superbowl deux fois.
Manchester United played against Liverpool yesterday
f. Michael Phelps received five gold medals in 2016
and they lost.
in Rio.
f. I already (see) a live hockey game. Michael Phelps a reçu cinq médailles d’or en 2016 à Rio.
I have already seen a live hockey game.
g. They (defeat) their opponent easily in last year’s finals. g. I haven’t swum for years.
They defeated their opponent easily in last year’s finals. Je n’ai pas nagé depuis des années.

Let's be PRO!
Announcing
a manager’s decision
Graduating from college will allow you to get jobs
where you can be in charge of managing a team. As
a team manager you will be responsible for ensuring
communication between the CEO and your team. It
is essential to be able to convey the messages accu-
rately and to be understood by all the people involved.
Transmitting an important message and making sure
that your team understands what is expected of them
can be very stressful. If the information you have to
communicate has tough consequences, it can be even
more difficult to get everyone to understand and
accept the decision.
Your job
You work as a team manager for an electronics company and the CEO has
decided to start producing wearable technology for athletes. Your team
will have to completely change their current production.
Your task
Announce this decision to your team. Call them to the meeting

room and explain it to them.
Tips
1. Specify:
• who made this decision and why: what it will bring to the company, KEY W ORDS
what are the advantages of producing such technology...; ◗ demanding work: un travail
exigeant
• when and how the change in production will be made;
◗ to launch: lancer
• how it will impact your team and what it will change for them.
◗ overtime: des heures
2. Remember to be: supplémentaires
◗ a production line: une chaîne
• clear and precise; de production
• reassuring if needed; ◗ to rely on: compter sur
• professional. ◗ to rest assured: être assuré de
3. Use these expressions:

• Can I have your attention please?: Pourrais-je avoir votre attention
s’il vous plaît ?
• I understand your concerns: je comprends vos inquiétudes.
• We’re all in this together: Nous sommes tous dans le même bateau.
• Please don’t hesitate to come to me with any questions: N’hésitez
pas à venir vers moi pour toute question.

Check point

to monitor cheating wearable prosthesis science
disabled movements unfair to enhance
Nowadays, science and sports technology are used to enhance athletes’ performances. They can use
wearable technology to monitor their heart rate or track their movements on the field.
It can also help disabled athletes to compete at high levels thanks to prosthesis . However, some
people think that using technology gives an unfair advantage to athletes and is similar to cheating .
2 Choose the right answer.

a. UK cycling federations invested money in sports
technology and they won Olympic medals.
❒ more
❒ less
❒ as many
b. Cryotherapy helps ____________ 3 Highlight the right tense in the following
❒ being more endurant. sentences.
❒ to heal. a. They have been / were undefeated since 2018.
❒ lowering the heart rate.
b. She hasn’t won / didn’t win the finals last year.
c. The cybathlon consists in performing ____________
for disabled athletes. c. He has never beaten / never beat the world record.
❒ soccer d. The Olympics have already taken place / took place
❒ ski jumps in Vancouver.
❒ ordinary tasks
e. Yesterday they have lost / lost their game.
d. Full body swimsuits were banned because ____________
❒ they were dangerous. f. She has received / received her first gold medal
❒ they were considered as cheating. in London.
❒ they were fragile.
e. The Philadelphia Union soccer team uses ____________
to improve their players’ performances.
❒ vests
❒ watches
❒ goggles
# quiz time
21ind56
Equipment: l’équipement ◗ paralympian: athlète paralympique ◗ speed: la vitesse

◗ a race: une course ◗ strength: la force
◗ a helmet: un casque
◗ a referee: un(e) arbitre ◗ to target: cibler
◗ a jersey: un maillot
◗ to set a record: établir un record ◗ a training facility: un centre d’entraînement
◗ a prosthesis: une prothèse
◗ a swimsuit: un maillot de bain Training: l’entraînement Hazards: les dangers
◗ a whistle: un sifflet
◗ to be fit: être athlétique ◗ to be banned: être interdit
Competition: la compétition ◗ to be in good shape: être en forme ◗ blood pressure: la tension artérielle
◗ to compensate: compenser ◗ injuries: blessures
◗ to break a record: battre un record
◗ to correct: corriger ◗ to heal: guérir
◗ a championship: un championnat
◗ efficient: efficace ◗ pain: douleur
◗ a game: un match
◗ healthy: sain ◗ to recover: se remettre

◗ high level: haut niveau
◗ to push harder: repousser ses limites ◗ swelling: un gonflement
Glossary p. 154

Technology and UNIT
Everyday Life 5
KEY W O R DS
1 Look at the blue pictograms and say which technology you use in ◗ to book a plane ticket: réserver
your everyday life. un billet d’avion
◗ to chat: discuter en ligne
Open answer. Wireless network and my smartphone are essential for many of my activities.
◗ navigation system: système
With my smartphone, I can book a plane ticket, shop online and send emails. de navigation GPS
And most importantly I can chat with my friends. When I drive, I can use a navigation ◗ online shopping: courses en ligne
◗ to save: économiser
system. As for my computer, I mainly use it for my studies using word processing software ◗ software: logiciel
or a spreadsheet. ◗ spreadsheet: tableur
◗ wireless network: réseau sans fil
2 Give examples of how technology mentioned above makes ◗ word processing: traitement de texte
your life easier.
Open answer. The main advantage of 4G and the use of my smartphone is that I can do
almost everything, everywhere, from communicating to booking hotels. So I don’t have

to wait until I get home to do all that. It saves me time. And I don’t miss special offers,
so I save money too.
UNIT 5 - technoLogy and everyday Life • 53

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Information technology

1 Match the words in the
picture with their meaning.
a • Physical components of
a computer: hardware
d
t
ou
ne
b • Server hosted on the internet
Cl
N
r
te
In TIOOGY
Da
ta
A to store data: cloud
e
ar
RM NOL
w
t
rd
en
Ha
nt
O
Co
F
IN ECH c • Information: data
T
So
d • Computer program:
f tw
ar
e
k
software
or
tw
Ne
e • Help or support:
De
vi
Ba
ce
ck
backup
up
ACTIVITY 2 How do smart bulbs work?

[…] What Are Smart Bulbs?
Smart bulbs, to put it simply, are lighting
fixtures that can be controlled wirelessly.
These are different from regular bulbs
as you can eliminate the need to control
them manually. With a smart bulb, you
can control it using a remote or through
a mobile device. If the bulb is dimmable,
you can also control the brightness with
ease and without lifting anything more
than a finger. […]
How Do They Work?
A smart bulb also works as a regular,
standard bulb. But for it to work you
need a smartphone, a tablet or a mobile
device of some kind. In most cases, you
will require a home automation hub that will allow you to operate the smart bulb wirelessly. Most home automation
hubs use communication standards like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave or ZigBee. […]
The benefits of using a home automation system are that you can connect your smart bulb to a number of other
events or devices in your home. […]
Smart Bulbs Explained: How Do Smart Light Bulbs Work?,
June 18, 2019 © iDISRUPTED, D.R. ■
54 • UNIT 5 - technoLogy and everyday Life

To start with
2 Read the text and fill in the blanks with the words below to give a definition
of smart bulbs.
lighting fixtures tablets smartphones
remotely wirelessly manually control
Smart bulbs are lighting fixtures that can be controlled wirelessly . There is
no need to control them manually . You just need devices such as smartphones
or tablets to control them remotely .
3 Explain in your own words what a “home automation hub” means (“hub” means
centre of an activity).
It’s a hardware or software system that connects all the smart home devices and controls communications
between them.
ACTIVITY 3 How to secure the Internet of Things # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
4 Say what type of document this video is and what 21ind15
it is about.
This is an online ad/advertisement for Norton, a firewall for smart devices.
5 Find what the Internet of Things is compared to in the ad.

It is compared to an ecosystem where every device you own can transmit information about your life.
6 Complete the statement as you hear it: “When you are connected to everything, …”
Everything is connected to you.
7 Say what is suggested in the document.

We’d better have a surefire way to stay secure so that we can go boldly not blindly. Therefore, we can understand
Norton is the option to secure the IoT.
EXPRESS
To what extent are you ready to live in a world where all your home devices
F
YOURSEL
are connected, knowing they may infringe on your privacy?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ to be aware of: être conscient(e) de ◗ to make life easier: faciliter la vie
◗ to disconnect (something) when not in use: ◗ a risk worth taking: un risque qui
déconnecter (quelque chose) quand il n’est pas utilisé en vaut la peine
Glossary p. 154

The 5G mass experiment # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind16
Before watching
1 • Guess what 5G means.
It means 5th generation of mobile services.
0:00 2:16
2 • Say what you think 5G will do.
It will allow faster internet searches, and will enable cars or homes
to become more autonomous, which means being able to function
KEY W ORDS
without human intervention.
◗ carcinogenic: cancérogène
◗ conflicting: contradictoire
◗ scientific bodies: comités scientifiques
◗ seamless: sans faille
◗ smart: intelligent(e)
◗ to turn a blind eye to: fermer les yeux
sur
Understanding
1 Give examples of what 5G and the Internet of Things will allow. 0:13 to 0:35
The Internet will be faster, so downloading a video will only take seconds. There will be smart driverless cars, hospitals,
fridges, coffee makers and baby diapers.
2 Complete the sentence. 0:18 to 0:25
“By 2025 the European Commission is planning for all urban areas across the continent to have seamless 5G coverage.”
3 Say what 5G will imply for the citizens. 0:36 to 0:45
Antennas will be added in neighbourhoods, workplaces and even homes.
4 Say if all scientists agree on the impact of 5G. 0:46 to 1:00
No. Some say it’s safe, and others such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) – in 2011 – classified the electromagnetic
fields associated with cellphones as possibly carcinogenic.

Video 1
5 Explain what a study on rats showed in 2018. 1:01 to 1:09
The study on rats showed that when rats were exposed to electromagnetic fields it increased their risk of developing certain
types of cancer.
6 Say what telecom companies think of 5G. 1:10 to 1:21
Telecom companies think that electromagnetic signals may pose health risks.
Say what Investigate Europe has found about transnational bodies referred to by the EU and
7
our governments 1:22 to 1:45
These transnational bodies don’t welcome conflicting opinions and many scientists receive funding from the 5G lobbies.
To conclude, the speaker compares 5G to alcohol and junk food. Explain the big difference
8
between them. 1:52 to 1:59
The big difference between them is that if you don’t want to take the risk of drinking alcohol or eating junk food you can,
but you can’t avoid 5G.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind17
1. Listen to the recording 2. Match the words with the sounds of their ending.
and repeat these words. a. services •
b. lobbies • • sound /s/
a. services e. risks
c. scientists •
b. lobbies f. types d. seconds • • sound /z/
c. scientists g. fridges
e. risks •
f. types • • sound /z/
d. seconds g. fridges •
G
FOR T H E
2. What is your opinion on 5G and its impact on society and health?

EXAM

Text
Your smart home might spy

on you, how to deal with it
[...] Everything from washing machines to baby monitors is
being hooked up to the internet by companies convinced that
features such as remote control and artificial intelligence
will make our lives easier and safer. But they could also
5 endanger the very people using them.
The government has now published a voluntary code of
practice for manufacturers of smart home devices in an
attempt to stop them being used for cyber crime by hackers
and even nation states.
10 [...] The guidelines offer simple steps for manufacturers: making sure
users’ data is securely stored and software and passwords are updated.
[...] All the famous manufacturers of lightbulbs, locks and security alarms
are working to introduce connected versions of the products they’re so famous for.
But making real locks isn’t the same as making digital ones, and there’s no guarantee
15 that even trusted brands will be able to protect your security. [...]
“Word of mouth carries quickly where cheap tech is concerned, so checking social
media and news portals will often help to make an informed decision before buying.”
[...] The current smart home market is something like smartphones in 2008 and
2009 – they were just catching on, and so was mobile malware, says David Emm,
20 principal security researcher at Kaspersky Lab. But by 2011, the market had become
more valuable and attacks “suddenly exponentially rocketed”, he says. “It did so
because for individuals and businesses, these became must-have devices [...] very
valuable for attackers.”
The most extreme way to deal with all of this is to unplug entirely. [...] No convenience
25 is going to be worth the pain and distress that might be caused by a security failure.
But there’s a less extreme version of this too: if you don’t need a feature to be connected,
then it’s best just not to use it. “If it’s not enabled, then it can’t be hacked.”
Andrew Griffin, Sunday 28 October 2018,
©Andrew Griffin/The Independent ■
1 Match the words with their meaning.
a. to lock/unlock • • 1. contrôler la climatisation

b. CCTV • • 2. allumer/éteindre
c. to switch on/off • • 3. closed circuit television
d. to control the air-conditioning • • 4. surveillance/contrôle en temps réel
e. real-time monitoring • • 5. verrouiller/déverrouiller
2 Explain what is made possible in a smart home, with the help of the picture
and words from the exercise above.
In a smart home, doors can be locked and unlocked through your smartphone. Real-time monitoring can be
carried out with your CCTV. You can switch on your light before coming back home. And you can also control
the air-conditioning to ensure the indoor temperature is comfortable.

Text
3 Say what the main topic is.

This article deals with smart homes and the potential dangers that come with them.
4 Say what is certain for companies when home appliances are connected
to the Internet.
They are convinced that the use of remote controls or artificial intelligence will make our life easier.
5 Say what the government has decided to do to prevent people from being hacked
or spied on.
It has published a voluntary code of practice which provides guidelines for the manufacturers of smart home devices
to follow such as “making sure users’ data is securely stored and software and passwords are updated.”
6 Say if a famous brand is a sign of quality for connected versions.

No, because famous brands can produce high quality goods, while failing to make reliable digital versions of their
products.
7 Say why hacking smart home devices has rocketed as it did with smartphones before.
Because as soon as a new technology catches on and becomes a must-have, malware and hacking catch on too.
8 List all the tips provided in the article to ensure safety in your smart home.
Look smart home devices up on social media or news portals before buying. If you’re not sure whether your device
is safe, unplug it. And if it is unsafe, get rid of it. Then if a feature doesn’t need to be connected, don’t allow it to be
connected.
EXPRESS
Your personal data or your preferences can be collected, used or spied on.
F
YOURSEL What do you think of this?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ it is better to be safe than sorry: il vaut mieux ◗ to be as cautious as possible: être aussi prudent(e)
prévenir que guérir que possible
◗ I don’t mind: cela ne me dérange pas ◗ to disable Wi-Fi, microphones and cameras:
◗ a matter of privacy: une question de vie privée désactiver le Wi-Fi, les micros et les caméras
Glossary p. 154

China’s nearly cashless society # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind18
Before watching
1 • Read the headline and guess what the video is about.
It is about cash payment which has become obsolete in China.
0:00 3:19
2 • Imagine what means of payment the report is about.

It may be about online payment, credit card payment, smartphone KEY W ORDS
payment. ◗ the elderly: les personnes âgées
◗ weird: bizarre
◗ still rule: règne toujours
◗ is not king: ne fait pas la loi/n’est pas
le bienvenu
◗ to leapfrog: dépasser
Understanding
1 Say what is expected to happen in the USA by 2020. 0:05 to 0:12
Mobile wallets on our smartphones are expected to surpass the use of credit and debit cards.
2 Say what the reporter Ben Tracy wants to show us from Beijing. 0:12 to 0:21
He wants to show us what a nearly cashless society looks like.
3 Say how the Chinese see cash payment. 0:21 to 0:59
For them, only the elderly or people who don’t know how to use a phone pay cash. They find it rare and weird.
4 Explain how mobile payment works. 1:00 to 1:20
You simply scan a QR code to pay using Wechat or Alipay, the two main mobile phone payment platforms.

Video 2
5 Compare the amount of payments on WeChat and Alipay with US online payments. 1:18 to 1:32
They totalled nearly 50 times more than the value of mobile payments in the US.
6 List who you can pay, and what for. all the video
You can pay for clothes, food, bike rides and pay utility bills. You can pay musicians on the street and even homeless people.
7 Say how long it took for smartphone payment to catch on and the reasons provided by Andy Mok. 1:32 to 1:48
It only took three years because Chinese people have never used credit cards. They went from cash to mobile payment,
skipping the step in between.
8 Give the reason why the USA has some catching up to do when it comes to mobile payment. 2:33 to 2:55
The USA has some catching up to do because in the US, credit card payment or online shopping via PC still rule.
These kinds of technology make the adoption of a newer generation of technology much slower.
9 To conclude, say why Chinese people never go out without their smartphone. 2:55 to the end
Chinese people never go out without their smartphone because they can’t achieve anything without it.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind19
1. Listen to the recording 2. Match the words with the sounds of their endings.
and repeat these words. a. totalled •
• sound [d]
b. published •
a. totalled d. manufactured
c. needed •
b. published e. convinced
• sound [t]
d. manufactured •
c. needed f. worked
e. convinced •
• sound [d]
f. worked •
G
FOR TH E
2. How important is your smartphone in your everyday life?
EXAM
Explain the advantages and drawbacks of being connected all the time.

Language at work
Exprimer la quantité # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind20
Lisez le dialogue ci-dessous.
u Jane: Hi John, I have called you many times but I couldn’t reach you.
u John: Hi Jane. I’m sorry, I didn’t have much time to talk to you because we’ve been very busy lately.
u Jane: Some people say the office’s relocation project has been cancelled. I just need to know if you have any information
about it.
u John: Unfortunately, I don’t have any information for you. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out.
Expliquez les différences que vous constatez entre les deux premières phrases contenant many et much.
In the first sentence, “time” has an -s and in the second one it doesn’t.
So maybe ‘many’ is used for plural and ‘much’ for singular nouns or something we cannot count.
Effectuez le même travail avec les deux dernières phrases contenant some et any.
In the last two sentences, the first one is affirmative and the second one is negative.
Complétez la règle d’utilisation des quantifieurs en utilisant les mots suivants (certains mots
peuvent être utilisés deux fois) :
noms dénombrables • noms indénombrables • questions • négatives • affirmatives.
u Much est utilisé pour des noms indénombrables tandis que many est utilisé pour des noms dénombrables .
u Any est utilisé pour des questions et des phrases négatives tandis que some est
utilisé pour des phrases affirmatives .
u Any et some peuvent tous les deux être utilisés pour des noms dénombrables et des noms indénombrables .
Grammar p. 139
Exercises
u Match the quantifiers with the statements they belong to.
a. Do you have ... money? •

• many
b. I don’t have ... time. •
c. I have ... things on my mind. • • much
d. I don’t have ... money. • • any
e. Would you like ... chocolate? •
• some
f. I have ... different belts in my closet. •

Let's be PRO!
Preparing for an internship interview
An internship interview is a whole process that requires thorough preparation

and follow-up. You want to convince the interviewer that you know about the
company and its industry. Moreover it is the opportunity for you to ask specific
questions that couldn’t be answered through your research. When you finish
the interview, it is not over yet: send a thank you note within 24 hours after
the interview. This motivated attitude will give a good impression and make
you stand out from the other candidates.
Your job
As part of your studies, you have applied for an internship at a company

called Wink Labs Ink. This American company specialises in making smart
home automation hubs. You have received a positive answer from the Human
Resources Department and a virtual interview is scheduled in a week’s time.
Your task
Do some research (https://www.wink.com) and prepare for this interview.
Tips
How to prepare your interview
1. Prepare a short pitch giving your name, your area of studies and the objectives
of the internship.
2. Focus on your previous achievements.
• Don’t forget to talk about:
– your summer jobs and/or your voluntary work (dates, job titles, workplaces);
– your skills (languages, computer, soft skills…).
3. Get ready to answer these typical general questions.
• What three words would you choose to best describe yourself?
For this, prepare a short list of adjectives that show your personality.
• What accomplishments are you most proud of?
They don’t have to be related to work. They can be about art or sport which may show
how creative or competitive you are.
• Why are you interested in this company?
You’ve done your research so you will know what to say. Focus not only on its activity
but also on its corporate culture.
• Why should we consider you for this internship?
Focus not only on your hard skills but also on your soft skills.
4. Get ready for less conventional questions.
• How many chocolate chip cookies would it take to go from the Empire State Building to Central Park?
• If you were producing a movie, who would be your main actors and what roles would they play?
These tricky interview questions may be asked to see how much you know about the company culture,
as well as an assessment of your personal values. So there is no right or wrong answer. The key
is to remain composed and confident and quickly move on to the next question.

Check point
1 Find what the initials stand for, then match

their definitions.
Initials Meanings Definitions

PC Personal Computer e
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity a
CCTV Closed Circuit Television d
IOT Internet of Things b
IT Information Technology c
Definitions
a. Wireless network
b. Devices or things connected by the internet
c. Computing technology
d. Security camera system
e. Electronic device belonging to an individual
2 Choose the right answer. 3 Fill in the blanks.
1. If you’re not sure your connected device is safe, just … it. a. If you are not cautious enough using the
❒ a. enable ❒ b. disable ❒ c. allow Internet you risk security failures .
2. In China, to pay for things you simply … a QR code. b. Exposure to electromagnetic fields may
❒ a. scan ❒ b. copy ❒ c. delete cause certain types of cancer.
3. With 5G … a video will only take seconds. c. If you talk about your private life online
❒ a. charging ❒ b. watching ❒ c. downloading your privacy may be exposed.
4. To prevent your data from being…, don’t share your passwords. d. Your appliances connected all the time
❒ a. hacked ❒ b. piracy ❒ c. endangered at home might spy on you.
e. To avoid hacking / cyber crime you

5. The IOT allows all your … to be connected.
should make sure your password is secure.
❒ a. data ❒ b. passwords ❒ c. devices
# quiz time
21ind21
Information Technology (IT): ◗ home automation system: domotique/ ◗ to unlock: déverrouiller

technologies de l’information système d’automatisation de maison ◗ to unplug: débrancher
◗ to lock: verrouiller
◗ automation: l’automatisation ◗ online safety: la sécurité en ligne Technology abbreviations:
◗ computer hardware: matériel informatique abréviations technologiques
◗ privacy: la vie privée
◗ cyber crime: la cybercriminalité ◗ remote control: la télécommande ◗ Artificial Intelligence (AI): intelligence
◗ a device: un appareil ◗ remotely: à distance artificielle
◗ digital: numérique ◗ seamless coverage: couverture sans failles ◗ Internet of Things (IoT): Internet des objets
◗ to disable: désactiver (internet par exemple) ◗ Personal Computer (PC): ordinateur personnel
◗ an electronic device: un appareil électronique ◗ smart: intelligent(e) ◗ QR (Quick Response) code: QR code
◗ to enable: activer ◗ to spy on: espionner ◗ Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi): réseau sans fil
◗ hacking: le piratage ◗ to switch on: allumer
◗ home/household appliance: un appareil électroménager ◗ to switch off: éteindre
Glossary p. 154

Technology and UNIT
Working Practices
6
KEY W O R DS
1 Compare this working environment with a more traditional one. ◗ computerised equipment:
l’équipement informatisé
In this working environment the lady/worker is not working on industrial machines which ◗ a digital screen: un écran numérique
are sometimes very heavy or difficult to operate. She seems to be working in a cleaner, ◗ to ensure proper functioning:
assurer le bon fonctionnement
quieter, and less agitated environment than a traditional factory or warehouse.
◗ a factory: une usine
What’s more, she is working with a virtual reality headset. ◗ a machine operator:
un(e) opérateur(rice) sur machine
2 Say how important the person can be in this working environment. ◗ to monitor: surveiller/contrôler
◗ to operate: faire fonctionner
Even if the person is not working on a big automated machine, her job is probably
◗ remotely: à distance
as important as a machine operator. Industrial work is transforming, and new technology ◗ a virtual reality headset: un casque
de réalité virtuelle
is being used to replace traditional tasks and perform new ones. This means that,
◗ a workshop: un atelier
whatever the job may be, workers are still important to ensure proper functioning.
UNIT 6 - technoLogy and Working practices • 65

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 What is industry 4.0?

Industry 4 .0
Industry 3.0
Industry 2.0 • Cyber Physical
Industry 1.0 • Automation Systems
• Mass production
• Computers and • Internet of Things
• Mechanisation • Assembly line electronics
• Networks
• Steam power • Electrical energy
• Weaving loom
1784 1870 1969 Today
1 Match the words with their definitions.
a. mechanisation • • 1. producing goods

b. assembly line • • 2. introducing automatic devices into a process
c. digitisation • • 3. production process with pre-defined steps for machines and workers
d. manufacturing • • 4. conversion from analog to digital
e. business • • 5. connecting objects or people on Internet
f. networking • • 6. commercial, industrial, or professional activity
2 Using the timeline above, fill in the blanks with the words from question 1
to explain the evolution of industry.
The first industrial revolution brought mechanisation , the second led to development of
the assembly line and mass production, the third brought digitisation . Now, the
networking of real and virtual worlds is gradually becoming the Internet of Things (IoT).
One talks about this as the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, with the enormous
potential to decisively transform manufacturing processes and business models.
3 In the timeline above, match the following words with the industry they belong to:
networks mass production automation mechanisation
assembly line Internet of Things
ACTIVITY 2 What is a CMMS? # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind67
4 Say what most maintenance teams relied on, until now.

They relied on an Excel spreadsheet, pen and paper, and legacy maintenance software to get things done.
5 Fill in the blanks to sum up what can be done using CMMS.

CMMS (Computerised Maintenance Management System) is used to accurately record
and track maintenance work in a central location , see asset history and
ensure performance of critical equipment , stay on top of inventory and parts
consumption , keep track on maintenance schedule , prioritise work and

stay on top of the workload , use data to spot trends and make informed
66 • UNIT 6 - technoLogy and Working practices

To start with
decisions and connect and collaborate with the rest of your business. You can also
track orders better and faster than in old days , from anywhere and
using your mobile phone . It is made possible with cloud-based software.
6 Explain how companies benefit from such technology.

It can help reduce surprise breakdowns and outages, while productivity skyrockets.
ACTIVITY 3 Conveying equipment market to 2025

[…] The need to expand existing customer base and speed of precision conveying equipment. Companies in the
up product delivery has encouraged companies that are manufacturing sector utilize this equipment to reduce
operating in the e-commerce sector to deploy advanced operational costs and overall product processing time.
conveying equipment across their warehouses. […] In 2020, With rising labor costs across countries like Australia,
e-commerce giant Amazon revealed plans to build smaller Brazil, and Canada, the demand for automated equipment
fulfillment centers closer to customers in Philadelphia, like conveyers is expected to accelerate significantly over
Orlando, Phoenix, and Dallas to bolster same-day delivery the years. Based on these factors, a research report projects
of products for its growing customer base. that the conveying equipment market might exceed US$65
Conveying equipment can significantly improve overall billion by the year 2025.
manufacturing and material handling process across Conveying Equipment Market,
industries. Growing penetration of industrial automation Insights and Forecast Research Report 2025,
Rahul Varpe, 16 september 2020, © fractovia.org, D.R. ■
across developing countries is supporting the deployment
7 Match the words from the text with their meaning.
a. conveying equipment • • 1. sum of all salaries paid to employees

b. labor costs • • 2. to make something better
c. to bolster • • 3. the process of packing and distributing merchandise
d. material handling process • • 4. to offer support/to strengthen
e. to improve • • 5. mechanical equipment to move or carry materials
8 Say what has led e-commerce companies to deploy advanced conveying equipment.
They have been encouraged by the need to expand existing customer base and speed up product delivery.
9 Explain how companies benefit from the use of efficient conveying equipment.
It reduces operational costs and the production processing time.
10 Say why the conveying market is expected to exceed US$65 billion by the year 2025.
The market might exceed US$65 because of high labor costs in Australia, Brazil, and Canada.
EXPRESS
In your opinion, what is the main goal of computerising equipment
F
YOURSEL
and management systems in industries?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ better working conditions: de meilleures ◗ to make the handling easier: rendre
conditions de travail la manutention plus facile
◗ to improve productivity: améliorer la productivité ◗ to save money: économiser de l’argent

◗ to make a profit: faire du profit ◗ to save time: gagner du temps
Glossary p. 154

3D printing explained # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind68
Before watching
1 • Explain what 3D printing would be useful for in your line
of business.
3D printing could mostly print specific tools if they don’t really exist
on the markets. It would perfectly meet the needs of a very specific 0:00 2:21
environment.
2 • Say in which industries 3D printers may be useful. KEY W ORDS
3D printers may be useful in many industries such as medical ◗ a blueprint: un plan, une épure
◗ forging: le forgeage
innovations, to make artificial body parts for instance.
◗ a layer: une couche
In construction, we have seen on TV that small houses have been ◗ materials: les matériaux
built with a 3D printer. It may also be used in the automobile ◗ molding: le moulage
◗ a process: un procédé
industry to repair or replace a damaged car part.
◗ a standard means:
une méthode standardisée
◗ a tool: un outil
Understanding
Give examples of objects changed by 3D printing 2 Define additive manufacturing. 0:08 to 0:15
1
and the way we produce them. 0:00 to 0:07
Additive manufacturing is part of a process where
3D printing changed the way we produce objects, from
an object is created by adding materials layer by layer.
tools and toys to clothing and even body parts.
3 Give the main benefit of additive manufacturing when applied to machines, airplanes and cars. 0:16 to 0:26
It can create these complex parts at a fraction of the cost and time of standard means like forging, molding and sculpting.
4 Say who can use smaller 3D printers. 0:27 to 0:33
Consumers and businesses can use smaller 3D printers.
5 List the two steps mentioned by the speaker. 0:34 to 0:50
Step 1: create a blueprint of the object – using a modeling software or websites with objects that have already been
modeled by others - to create your own designs.
Step 2: when the design is done, send it to the 3D printer.

Video 1
6 Explain how 3D printing works. 0:50 to 1:22
When the printer receives the data, it pulls the material through a tube, melts it and deposits it on a plate where it instantly
cools. The 3D object is created through layering, one layer at a time until you have a fully formed object.
Give the two materials Say what doctors can do

7 8
mentioned in the video. 1:23 to 1:42 using a patient’s cells. 1:43 to 1:59
The most common material is plastic, and 3D printing food They can 3D print small body parts like ears or noses
is becoming very popular. or print organs for transplants.
Say how long it took and how much it cost Chinese Conclude with what this project
9 10
giant printers to build ten houses. 2:00 to 2:08 proves. 2:09 to 2:12
1 day for less than $5,000 per house. It proves 3D printing is cost and time efficient.
Place the words below in the diagram to explain the process of 3D printing:
11
cooling • data collection • end product • layering • passing through a tube • melting
➊ ➋ ➌ ➍ ➎ ➏
data passing melting cooling layering end
collection through product
a tube
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind69
1. Listen to the recording 2. Match the words with their sounds:

and repeat these words. long vowel [i] or short vowel [].
a. chip e. slip
a. chip •
b. cheap •
b. cheap f. sleep • sound [i] (long i)
c. feel •
c. feel g. grid
d. fill •
e. slip •
d. fill h. greed f. sleep •
• sound [] (short i)
g. grid •
h. greed •
G
FOR T H E
2. Present the pros and cons of 3D printing in industry.

EXAM

Text
Exoskeletons will transform

manufacturing
It is common for manufacturers to use robots to carry
out repetitive tasks, often in hostile environments. But
what if these environments are also hostile to robots?
Also, how do you protect an ageing workforce from the
5 heavy physical workload, repetitive movements and
non-ergonomic postures which undermine productivity?
Exoskeletal technology now has an answer for this.
Consisting of a metal frame fitted with motorised muscles
to the outside of your body, a wearable robot, more commonly
10 known as an exoskeleton, can multiply its user’s strength and
enable workers to carry out a variety of industrial tasks. Applications
range from muscle support for rehabilitation to industrial suits, which
allow you to lift heavy weights with next to no effort.
[…] The prevalence of different types of stationary and mobile exoskeletons, driven
15 by pneumatic, hydraulic and electric actuation, and powered by fuel cells, batteries,
or mains power, makes it vital that manufacturers know what’s best for them. […]
Plant managers should choose exoskeletons that are lightweight, comfortable, safe
as well as minimally invasive to the surrounding environment.
[…] Many companies are now developing single-joint wearable robotics rather than full
20 body powered suits which tend to be heavier and more obstructive. Upper extremity
exoskeletons, such as Ottobock’s Paexo, provide support to the upper body, arms and
shoulders. Meanwhile, lower extremity models provide support to the legs, hips and
lower torso which is useful if tasks require heavy lifting […].
In many ways, exoskeletons are collaborative robots in their truest form. Robots and
25 humans are not just working side-by-side, they are working as one. Not only will this
make manufacturers more productive, it will result in fewer injuries, less soreness
and less exhaustion.
[…] Since wearable robotics enable and support workers to do tasks that are otherwise
dangerous for a single employee to do, such as lifting extremely heavy machinery,
30 they can complete tasks with more confidence. […]
9 February 2020, industryeurope.com, D.R. ■
1 Explain in your own words what exoskeletons are.

The root of the word is ‘skeleton’ so an exoskeleton is a mechanical system which adapts to the person’s body
to mimic the actions performed by the skeleton.
2 Read the title and guess how exoskeletons may transform manufacturing.
They may help workers to handle or lift heavy goods. However, they may also replace humans and lead
to unemployment.
3 Say what robots are commonly used for today.

They are used for repetitive tasks or difficult environments.

Text
4 Explain what exoskeleton technology is.

It is a wearable robot called an “exoskeleton” made of a metal frame with motorised muscles to the outside
of a human body.
5 Say what an exoskeleton enables its users to do.

They can carry out many tasks with muscle support. It gives more strength to lift heavy weights with nearly
no effort.
6 Say what type of exoskeletons factory managers should favour.

They should choose lightweight and comfortable exoskeletons which don’t take up too much space around their user.
7 Explain what an upper extremity exoskeleton and a lower exoskeleton are.

The first one provides support to the upper body, arms and shoulders and the second one supports the legs, hips
and lower torso.
8 Say how manufacturers and workers can benefit from collaborative robots.
Manufacturers: will be more productive.
Workers: will have fewer injuries, less soreness and less exhaustion and they will complete their tasks with more
confidence.
9 Fill in the blanks with the words below to sum up all the advantages for workers
who wear an exoskeleton.
body aches exhausted dangerous injured
confident muscle support heavy weights
Workers will be able to lift heavy weights thanks to muscle support .

Exoskeletons will prevent them from being injured , having body aches
and being exhausted . As wearable robotics will support them in doing
dangerous tasks, workers will be more confident while doing their job.
EXPRESS Knowing that exoskeletons have so many benefits for workers,

F
YOURSEL how can this affect companies in industry?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ to achieve/perform tasks: réaliser des tâches ◗ sick leave: congé maladie
◗ to be profitable: être rentable ◗ sustainability: durabilité
◗ to lead to: mener à ◗ a win-win situation: une situation gagnant-gagnant
Glossary p. 154

Internet of Things connecting # vidéo

industrial workers foucherconnect.fr/
21ind70
Before watching
1 • Give examples of IoT in your industry.
Industrial workers can be in contact with their manager,
0:00 2:06
communicate with a maintenance technician or a machine.
Therefore, if they are not familiar with a process, they can be
guided through it by a computer or a person in charge.
KEY W ORDS
◗ assets: ressources (ici)
2 • Give the pros and cons of using IoT in your line of ◗ faulty: défectueux(se)
business. ◗ to trigger: déclencher
◗ to occur: se produire
On the one hand, the main advantage of being connected is
◗ to usher in: conduire à
that workers are never left alone while doing a task and mistakes
may be avoided. However, they are watched in every step
of their work which may sometimes infringe on privacy.
Understanding
Say what is considered a huge task for Say what technology and the Internet of Things
1 2
companies. 0:00 to 0:12 will introduce. 0:13 to 0:22
The huge task for companies is managing a large number It will usher in smarter industrial work practices.
of people, assets and maintaining safe and efficient
operations.
3 Explain what the connected platforms are designed to do at the company Accenture. 0:23 to 0:30
The connected platforms are designed to better link industrial workers with their machines and assets.
4 Explain the two steps of connected platforms in Accenture. 0:31 to 0:47
Step 1: They fit sensors to the workplace assets enabling data about their operations to be stored and monitored.
Step 2: They equip workers with wearable and mobile devices so that they can respond to this information and perform
vital tasks while out in the field.

Video 2
5 Say how the voice-over introduces the advantages of connected platforms. 0:48 à 0:53
He asks: 'So what does this mean for your organisation?' And then says 'Let's look at one scenario under our connected
worker system'.
6 Give the advantages of such technology for companies. 0:54 to 1:36
Connected workers can diagnose and repair faulty equipment in real time.
The technology can also help monitor environmental conditions such as heat and gas, and trigger alarms in the event of
an emergency such as the presence of toxic fumes.
The company can also identify the exact number of people and locate them on site when dangers occur. Moreover, emergency
crews can follow orders on smart devices. Workers can be directed to safety and notified when it’s safe to return.
7 Fill in the blanks to find out why you should contact Accenture. 1:37 to 1:51
The workplace of the future is here . And Accenture is inviting you to

experience it. So, if you’re keen to connect your workers, come talk to us .
Discover how our connected industrial worker capabilities and platforms can help you.
8 To conclude, say what the purpose of this video is.
This video is an advertisement intended to show how Accenture’s connected industrial workers’ capabilities and platforms
can help companies.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind71
1. Classify the following words according to the way -a is pronounced.

manner – car – ladder – later – safe – fake – place – package – farther – far – flat – hammer –
bake – back – make – arm – quake – trade – information – art – smart
2. Listen to the recording
[e] as in plane: later, safe, fake, place, make, quake, bake, trade, information
and check your answers.
[] as in apple: ladder, manner, package, flat, hammer, back 3. Practise saying these
words.
[a] as in class: car, farther, far, arm, art, smart
G
FOR T H E
2. Discuss. How eager would you personally be to use such connected

EXAM
platforms?

Language at work
Le génitif (cas possessif) # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind72
Soulignez les différentes formes du génitif dans les phrases suivantes.
a. u Yesterday’s paper revealed companies’ strategies to enhance workers’ health.
b. u Accenture’s new policy will improve people’s work practices.
c. u The manager’s sister works there.
d. u It’s the company’s strategy that will make men and women’s work easier.
Classez les cas génitifs soulignés ci-dessus dans la catégorie correspondante.
yesterday’s paper, Accenture’s new policy, manager’s sister,

u possesseur au singulier + 's + nom (possédé)
company’s strategy
u possesseur au pluriel + ' + nom (possédé) companies’ strategies, workers’ health
u possesseur au pluriel irrégulier + 's + nom (possédé) people’s work practices
u possesseurs multiples + 's + nom (possédé) men and women’s work
Déduisez la règle d’utilisation du génitif.

u Le génitif permet d’exprimer la possession et le lien de parenté lorsque le possesseur est
une personne, un animal, une date ou un groupe humain (entreprise, pays, institution, etc.).
u Lorsque le possesseur est un nom au singulier, on ajoute ’s après ce nom.
Lorsque le possesseur est un nom au pluriel, on ajoute ’ après ce nom.
u Lorsque le possesseur est un nom au pluriel irrégulier, la construction est la même que pour le possesseur
au singulier .
u Lorsque les possesseurs sont multiples, on ajoute ’s derrière le dernier nom possesseur.
Grammar p. 140
Exercises
1 u Rewrite each sentence using the underlined 2 u Translate the following sentences into English.
words as genitives.
a. L’incident de lundi était dû à un équipement défectueux.
a. The article was published in the newspaper on Sunday. Monday’s incident was due to faulty equipment.
The article was published in Sunday’s newspaper. b. Les règles de sécurité de l’entreprise sont essentielles.
The company’s safety regulations are essential.
b. The people approve the new regulations in the country.
The country’s new regulations are approved by the people. c. Le téléphone mobile du travailleur est indispensable
lorsqu’il travaille sur la plateforme connectée.
c. Paul is in the office where Tom and Jean work. The worker’s mobile phone is essential when he works
Paul is in Tom and Jean’s office. on the connected platform.

d. Le plus important est d’améliorer la performance

d. People work hard and it pays off. des travailleurs.
People’s hard work pays off. The most important thing is to improve workers’ performance.

Let's be PRO!
Writing a summary report
Summary reports are short, written documents which may have a variety
of purposes. They are often used by companies to brief the reader on the
details of a particular topic or event. They aim at drawing conclusions, making
recommendations, and convincing the reader of the importance of taking a
particular course of action.
Your job
You work for a company called Courroies Inc. which manufactures conveying belts.
As the company is expanding, your manager wants you to investigate a company
called SCADA which makes software programs (HMI Human Machine Interface)
intended to be tailored to every company.
Your manager is considering investing in a custom-made software from SCADA,
but before making any kind of investment, he wants you to list the benefits of
switching to such a technology.
Here are two links to look into:
# website # website
What is SCADA? About OEM SCADA Software
foucherconnect.fr/ foucherconnect.fr/
21ind74 21ind75
Your task
Write a summary report about the benefits of switching to SCADA technology.
Tips
• What to look for? Features to take into consideration: ease of use, productivity, safety, time saving,
money saving…
• To organise your ideas, you can make a table as follows:
Benefits Link 1 Link 2
Ease of use
Productivity
Safety
Time saving
Money saving
Others
• Once all the features have been listed, sum them up in your report.

Check point
1 Fill in the crossword below using the definitions.

4 Down
H 1. to pick up and move to a different position
2 3 A
2. to observe and check the progress or quality of something
M C N
O a M O L D 3. to transport or carry to a place
1 N N L 4. to hold or manipulate with the hands
L I V E
Across
b D I G I T I S E
F O Y a. to shape out of malleable material
T R b. to convert into a digital form
2 Tick the right answer.

a. A series of workers and machines in manufacturing is: ❒ a building ❒ an assembly line ❒ an office
b. Workplace assets are: ❒ company items and resources ❒ company offices ❒ company workers
c. Material handling is: ❒ moving goods within short distances ❒ managing machines ❒ making tools
d. A connected platform is: ❒ platforms linked together ❒ a digital network
❒ a workplace using a software solution to manage connected devices
e. A workload is: ❒ an amount of work to be done ❒ goods to be packed in a truck ❒ carrying goods
f. Cloud-based software is: ❒ a computer program for weather forecast ❒ a computer program used from
any device ❒ equipment connected to a smartphone
3 Say which technology these statements belong to.

connected platform 3D printing industry 4.0 exoskeleton
a. The employees’ workplace is connected through mobile devices: connected platform
b. This machine operator’s goal is to create an object with data received from a computer: 3D printing
c. The companies’ processes rely on interconnectivity, machine learning and real-time data: industry 4.0
d. The user’s body is supported and protected while performing difficult tasks: exoskeleton
# quiz time
21ind73
New technologies: les nouvelles technologies Manufacturing: la fabrication / construction ◗ standard means: les moyens standardisés
◗ a tool: un outil
◗ a cloud-based software: un logiciel qui ◗ an asset: une ressource
s’exécute dans le cloud ◗ a workshop: un atelier
◗ a blueprint: un plan (d’architecte), une épure
◗ computerised equipment: l’équipement ◗ a breakdown: une panne Productivity: la productivité
informatisé
◗ a factory: une usine
◗ a computerised maintenance management ◗ faulty: défectueux(se)
system: un système informatisé de gestion ◗ forging: le forgeage
◗ to monitor: surveiller / contrôler
de la maintenance ◗ a layer: une couche
◗ to skyrocket: monter en flèche
◗ a connected device : un appareil connecté ◗ a legacy: un héritage
◗ to ensure proper functioning: assurer le bon
◗ data collection: la collecte de données ◗ a machine operator: un(e) opérateur(rice) sur fonctionnement
◗ a digital screen: un écran numérique machine
◗ labour costs: les coûts de la main-d’œuvre
◗ a digitisation: une numérisation ◗ a material handling: une manutention
◗ to lead to: mener à
◗ an exoskelton: un exosquelette ◗ materials: les matériaux
◗ profitable: rentable
◗ networking: la mise en réseau ◗ molding: le moulage

◗ sustainability: la durabilité
◗ remotely: à distance ◗ to operate: faire fonctionner
◗ a win-win situation: une situation gagnant-
◗ a virtual reality headset: un casque de réalité ◗ an outage: une panne gagnant
virtuelle ◗ a process: un procédé Glossary p. 154

Future UNIT
of Mobility 7
Robert Bosch GmbH.

KEY W O R DS
1 Look at the picture and describe the mobility services it offers. ◗ an autonomous vehicle: un véhicule
This city offers different mobility services such as electric shared cars, e-bikes and autonome
◗ car ownership: la possession d’une
autonomous buses. It makes urban transport congestion-free, emission-free, accident-free, voiture
and stress-free. ◗ to commute: faire la navette entre
le domicile et le travail
◗ an e-bike: un vélo électrique
2 Name the means of transport you think will have the biggest
◗ a flying car: une voiture volante
impact on future transport and those that won’t. Justify your ◗ peak hours: les heures de pointe
choices. ◗ pedestrians: les piétons
I believe shared transport will have the biggest impact: it will mean more ◗ shared transport: les transports
partagés
livable cities; help reduce our dependence on private cars, and our consumption of fuel,
◗ traffic congestion: les embouteillages
leading to big reductions in carbon emissions. On the contrary, I do not ◗ an urbanite: un(e) citadin(e)
believe that flying cars, high-speed trains or hypersonic aircraft will have the impact
some people expect them to have. They sound more like science fiction to me.
UNIT 7 - future of mobiLity • 77

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Smart commuting
1 Look at the drawings. State the pros and cons of each mode of transport. Use these
adjectives: affordable, clean, convenient, cost-effective, healthy, practical, safe.
Pros Cons
Public transit If you live near a bus or train station, public It might mean waiting a long time for your bus
transport is affordable, safe and practical. or train and sitting through multiple stops.
Carpooling Fuel and insurance costs are minimised. Synchronising times may be difficult. It can
It is a great way to make friends and share be stressful for the driver who is responsible
stories in a safe environment. for the passengers’ lives.
Cycling If you are not too far from work, cycling It is difficult when the weather is bad or
is practical, clean, cost-effective and good if you need to cross major roads, railroads,
for your health. bridges or tunnels.
Walking It is good for your health, safe and convenient. It is only possible if your work is near your
home.
ACTIVITY 2 Mobility in Helsinki, Finland

Helsinki plans to implement a revolutionary mobility-on- In addition, sharing services are expected to contribute
demand system that will make car ownership unnecessary to reducing private car ownership.
by 2025. Potential concerns about the actual accessibility of
Citizens will be provided with different mobility options mobility services (cost, use of smartphones and credit
that are easy to use, cheap, flexible and well-coordinated, cards, integration with public transport) are also being
to discourage private car ownership. addressed.
A smartphone app will allow users to interact with the ©European Commission,
system either to plan trips or to pay for services. https://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu, D.R. ■
The system will integrate shared automated vehicles,

shared bikes, buses and ferries.
78 • UNIT 7 - future of mobiLity

To start with
2 Pick out five adjectives that describe the new transport system that will
be implemented in Helsinki, Finland.
a • revolutionary b • easy to use c • cheap d • flexible e • well-coordinated
3 Say what users will be able to do with the smartphone app.

Users will be able to plan trips or pay for services.
4 Name the means of transport that the new system will integrate.
a • shared automated vehicles b • shared bikes c • buses d • ferries
5 List the potential difficulties that are being addressed by the city of Helsinki.
Cost, the use of smartphones and credit cards and the integration with public transport.
6 Say what the aim of the system is.

The aim of the system is to reduce private car ownership.
ACTIVITY 3 Smart Traffic # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
7 Watch the video. Say whether these statements 21ind01
are right or wrong.
a • Traffic congestion and air pollution are the biggest challenges city authorities face. Right
b • Today, traffic lights are well adjusted to the density of traffic. Wrong
c • Sweco has developed Smart Traffic to optimise traffic flow. Right
d • Smart Traffic uses different connected sources to control traffic lights efficiently. Right
e • Smart Traffic cannot detect or solve bottlenecks (goulots d’étranglement). Wrong
f • Drivers can regulate their speed with the information they get about green waves. Right
g • Smart Traffic increases air pollution. Wrong
EXPRESS
As you see it, how will mobility in cities change in the future?
F
YOURSEL
You can think of: alternative modes of transport, mobile
navigation apps, connected and automated vehicles, vehicle
sharing, combining multiple modes of transport…
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ the key to…: la clef de… ◗ in order to lower…: afin de réduire…
◗ it will help reduce the need for…: cela ◗ to find the best way of…: pour trouver
permettra de réduire le besoin de… le meilleur moyen de…
Glossary p. 155

The pipe dream # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind02
Before watching
1 • Look at the picture and describe what you see.
A train is zooming across a modern city at a high speed. The pod
floats above the track using magnetic levitation and glides along
thanks to ultra-low aerodynamic drag. It’s fully autonomous and 0:00 2:53
enclosed, eliminating pilot error and weather hazards.
KEY W ORDS
◗ aerodynamic drag: la traînée
2 • Justify the title of the video. aérodynamique
The word “pipe” refers to the tube the pods circulate in. ◗ at ground level: au niveau du sol
◗ to hop on a train: sauter dans un train
The word “dream” indicates that the hyperloop is only a project,
◗ a pod: une capsule
not a reality yet. ◗ a station: une gare
◗ a track: une voie
◗ up and running: en fonctionnement
Understanding
Watch the whole video once. Say in which country the project is being developed.
1
Which words help you to decide?
The video is about a project for a hyperloop system in Canada. I heard the words “Montreal”, “Toronto” and “Ontario”.
2 Fill in the blanks with the figures you hear. 0:00 to 0:57
a. With the TransPod’s Hyperloop you could go from Toronto to Montreal in under one hour and to Windsor
in less than thirty minutes.
b. The episode of The Jetsons, where George is transported into a pneumatic tube to his demanding boss, is set
in 2062 .
c. The TransPod ‘s Hyperloop could be up and running by 2025 .
d. The vehicles will move at a thousand kilometres per hour on ground level.
Cross out the mistake in each statement that describes the way the Hyperloop works
3
and correct it. 0:47 to 1:10
a. Passenger pods are shaped like a car: an aircraft

b. Pods are sent through a 4-meter long vacuum cylinder: tall

c. Pods are propelled by a frictionless fuel levitation system: magnetic

Video 1
4 List the disadvantages of the government’s high-speed train over TransPod’s Hyperloop. 1:30 to 1:55
a. A high-speed rail line is archaic and slower than the Hyperloop.

b. It’s twice as expensive: 21 billion vs 10.3 billion for the Hyperloop.
c. It requires a lot of land to build the tracks.
d. There is fuel on board.
Listen to Murtaza Haider of the Ted Rogers School Say whether these statements are right
6
5 of Management. Explain what he means in your or wrong, and correct them. 2.20 to the end
own words. 1:56 to 2:19
a. Travellers will feel as if they are in a rocket ship.
a. “This is where the private sector should come in. This Wrong. It feels more like being in a subway than in a rocket
is something we should not burden the taxpayer with.”
ship.
He thinks TransPod shouldn’t be paid for by the b. It will feel like cruising in a jet plane.
government but by private companies. Wrong. It will feel like being on a runway.
c. When accelerating to quite a high speed, passengers will

b. “We have a risk of losing out, I don’t think so. We have have the same sensations.
a risk of spending a lot of money only to realise it is not Right. But it will last longer.
feasible, yes.”
The dream of TransPod may not come true because it may d. The price tag for a passenger from Toronto to Montreal will
not be possible to actually build it. be lower than for an airline ticket.
Right. Under one hundred dollars.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind03
1. Say which letter is not pronounced in each

2. Listen to the recording and check your
of these words.
answers.
country through know half
hour should money listen 3. Practise saying the words. Make sure
pneumatic cruising whether doubt you do it properly.
high whole walk
G
FOR T H E
2. Imagine a future vehicle that will revolutionise transport by 2050.

EXAM
Say how it will work and what its advantages will be.

Text
Self-driving vehicles
reconnect the countryside
[…] Three customer groups would particularly
benefit from public or semi-public transporta-
tion systems based on autonomous vehicles. The
first is elderly people who are no longer able to
5 drive and cannot access traditional public tran-
sit. The second group includes people who are
not yet of driving age. This includes schoolchil-
dren, where the option of a self-driving bus with
an adult chaperone offers an economical solu-
10 tion for parents. The third group consists of peo-
ple with disabilities, those who cannot drive or
who have difficulty accessing traditional pub-
lic transit. […]
We believe that autonomous driving in rural areas represents a great opportunity for
15 businesses to try out future models, and for governments to bring real benefits to rural
populations in terms of their mobility. Autonomous vehicles for public transit in rural
areas, unlike the more widely discussed urban robocab services, represent a valuable
first step for testing the concept of self-driving services. In contrast to bustling urban
streets, quieter countryside roads provide the perfect setting for testing models and
20 then adjusting them for use in cities.
Now is the moment for stakeholders to start developing models for reconnecting
rural communities. The benefits for individuals, for businesses and for government
will quickly be apparent to all. Looking ahead, autonomous vehicles will breathe
new life into rural communities. Self-driving buses will run on major routes, linking
25 transportation hubs, hospitals, shopping malls, local government offices and residential
areas. Autonomous pods or self-driving taxis will provide last-mile services to users’
doorsteps. Citizens will be reconnected and reintegrated into their communities,
with all the benefits for health and happiness that entails.
Wolfgang Bernhart,
www.rolandberger.com, April 27th, 2018, D.R. ■
1 Look at the picture. Match each feature and the appropriate ending to describe
the way the autonomous bus works.
a. It is powered by electricity… • • 1. to analyse road signs and traffic lights.

b. It is equipped with Wi-Fi and 4G… • • 2. to detect and avoid pedestrians and obstacles.
c. It uses a GPS system… • • 3. to communicate with other vehicles.
d. It has laser sensors… • • 4. to determine the position of the bus in the environment.
e. It is fitted with long-range radars… • • 5. to detect vehicles that are up to 200 meters ahead.
f. It uses front and rear cameras… • • 6. to allow low-energy consumption.

Text
2 Match the words from the text (a-g) with a synonym (1-7).
a. chaperone • • 1. a physical or mental condition limiting abilities

b. economical • • 2. crowded and active
c. a disability • • 3. a person who supervises young people
d. bustling • • 4. the surroundings
e. the setting • • 5. a vehicle of elongated shape
f. stakeholders • • 6. all persons interested in the success of a venture
g. a pod • • 7. cost-effective, cheap
3 Read the first paragraph of the article and name the three groups that would
particularly benefit from public transport based on autonomous vehicles.
a. elderly people b. people who are not yet of driving age c. people with disabilities
4 Say what these groups have in common.

They cannot drive or have difficulty accessing traditional public transport.
5 Read the second paragraph and say whether these statements are right or wrong.
a. Governments cannot bring real benefits to rural populations in terms of their mobility. Wrong
b. It is more difficult to test autonomous vehicles on countryside roads than on city streets. Wrong
6 Read the third paragraph. Find the equivalent of each sentence in the text.
a. Autonomous public transport will connect everybody in the countryside.

“The benefits for individuals, for businesses and for government will quickly be apparent to all.”
b. It will make medical care, shopping and public services accessible to rural people.
“[…] linking transportation hubs, hospitals, shopping malls, local government offices and residential areas.“
c. Autonomous vehicles will deliver parcels and bring people to their homes.
“Autonomous pods or self-driving taxis will provide last-mile services to users’ doorsteps.“
d. Autonomous buses in rural areas mean a much better life for their inhabitants.
“[…] with all the benefits for health and happiness that entails.”
EXPRESS As you see it, what are the dangers inherent in self-driving vehicles?
F
YOURSEL
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ We can doubt that…: ◗ A technical glitch is…: Un problème technique est…
On peut mettre en doute le fait que… ◗ The most critical point is…: Le point le plus critique est…
◗ You cannot prove whether…: ◗ It may be damaging…: Cela peut s’avérer dommageable…
On ne peut prouver si oui ou non…
Glossary p. 155

High-speed travel # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind04
Before watching
1 • Look at the picture and describe what you see.
I can see a plane with limited wingspan. It must be a supersonic
aircraft able to fly faster than the speed of sound – Mach 1.
0:00 3:02
KEY W ORDS
2 • Say what you think the video is going to be about.
◗ flight speed: vitesse de vol
I think the video is going to be about a project for a plane travelling ◗ to heat up: chauffer
at super high speeds. ◗ to land: atterrir
◗ to melt: fondre
◗ to take off: décoller
Understanding
1 Watch the whole video. Say what it deals with.
The video deals with the project for a hypersonic space plane that will fly from London to Sydney in four hours.
2 Match the words with their French equivalents.

a. in layman’s terms • • 1. supporter la chaleur
b. to handle heat • • 2. dans un langage simple
c. SABRE engine • • 3. le fuselage de l’avion
d. to share a feature • • 4. avoir une caractéristique en commun
e. to get rid of • • 5. la force gravitationnelle
f. the aircraft fuselage • • 6. se débarrasser de
g. G force • • 7. le moteur SABRE
3 Fill in the blanks with the figures you hear. 0:00 to 0:20
“A hypersonic space plane is promised to fly people from London to Sydney in just four hours with flying speeds
of six thousand kilometres an hour. And it could be as soon as 2030 .”
Choose the arguments used by Doctor Adam Dissel, president for Reaction Engines,
4
to explain why the hypersonic plane is “so fast”. 0:20 to 0:54
❒ a. The hypersonic space plane can handle a lot of heat.

❒ b. Its reaction engines melt when there is too much heat.

❒ c. Its reaction engines allow it to accelerate at a much higher speed.

Video 2
5 Tick the future possible applications for the hypersonic plane that are mentioned. 0:55 to 1:40
❒ a. fast passenger travel ❒ c. war ❒ e. freight
❒ b. strategic things ❒ d. on the ground ❒ f. space travel
6 Mention the two technical reasons why the hypersonic plane has no windows. 1:41 to 2:22
a. Windows would not withstand the heat. b. It makes the plane lighter so that it can go faster.
7 Fill in the blanks with words you hear.
”Instead you would have a simulated vision , where you would have against the walls and ceiling of the cabin
a projection or a simulated outside view of what’s going on outside the cabin.
I’d be excited to fly across the Atlantic at night and look up and see all the stars on the roof
actually myself.”
8 Say what the difference and similitude would be for passengers travelling so fast. 2:23 to the end
a. Similitude: It would be exactly the same as travelling in a current jet aircraft.
b. Difference: The acceleration time would be longer before reaching its cruising speed.
9 Say what makes Doctor Adam Dissel laugh.
Doctor Adam Dissel laughs because the anchorman’s questions are somewhat ridiculous. He asks whether the plane has
windows and if people’s faces will be pulled back due to G force.
# speak up
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind05
1. Say whether the vowel i should be pronounced [:I] or [ai].

2. Listen to the recording
engine ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] promise ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai]
and check your answers.
exciting ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] simulated ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai]
flight ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] study ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] 3. Practise saying the words.
hyper ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] video ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] Make sure you do it properly.
light ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai] vision ❒ [:I] ❒ [ai]
G
FOR T H E
2. Do you believe that hypersonic flight will ever become a reality?

EXAM
You can think of problems linked to the laws of physics or technology,
the fuel, the cost…

Language at work
Parler de l’avenir # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind06
Quel sens donnez-vous à cette phrase ?
u When autonomous vehicles are developed in rural areas, inhabitants will be reconnected.
❒ We know that it will happen. ❒ We hope that this will happen. ❒ We would like it to happen.
Traduisez la phrase en français.
u Quand les véhicules autonomes seront mis en place dans les zones rurales, les habitants seront reconnectés.
Quelle différence dans l’emploi des temps constatez-vous entre le français et l’anglais ?
u En anglais on trouve le présent dans la subordonnée circonstancielle de temps introduite par when, alors qu’on y trouve le futur
en français.
Grammar p. 147
Exercises
1 u Put the verbs into the appropriate form: 2 u Translate the sentences into English.
will/won’t or present.
a. Les écoliers pourront se déplacer seuls quand les
a. When the system (be implemented) car ownership véhicules autonomes seront une réalité.
(seem) unnecessary.
Schoolchildren will be able to move alone when autonomous
When the system is implemented car ownership will seem
vehicles become a reality.
unnecessary.
b. Dès qu’un pirate entrera dans le système, il pourra
b. Urbanites (stop) buying cars as soon as they (get) en contrôler tous les aspects.
different mobility options.
As soon as a hacker gets into the system, he will be able
Urbanites will stop buying cars as soon as they get different
to control every aspect.
mobility options.
c. Aussi longtemps que les conducteurs ne feront pas
c. As long as the app (interact) with the system, users attention, il y aura des accidents.
(be able) to plan trips.
As long as drivers do not pay attention, there will be
As long as the app interacts with the system, users will be
accidents.
able to plan trips.
d. Dès que je saurai que le service est disponible,
d. Sharing services (become) popular as soon as the system je l’utiliserai.
(integrate) shared automated vehicles, buses and ferries.
As soon as I know the service is available, I’ll use it.
Sharing services will become popular as soon as the system
e. Quand les usagers connaîtront les avantages,
integrates shared automated vehicles, buses and ferries.
ils choisiront le bus autonome.
When users know the advantages, they will choose
e. As long as mobility services (not be) secured, urbanites the self-driving bus.
(use) public transport.
f. Quand ces voyageurs auront essayé ce modèle,
As long as mobility services are not secured, urbanites won’t

ils mettront un message en ligne.
use public transport.
When these travellers have tried this model, they will post
an online message.

Let's be PRO!
Defending
your viewpoint
Persuasion is the most important skill
you can develop to make a colleague
or a client accept your viewpoint. Your
arguments need to be presented in a
logical way and your message should
be clear and memorable. You also need
to know your subject and to provide
solutions that work. And it is important
to be sincere and honest!
Your job
You work for Well-to-Wheel, a company that manufactures ultra-low emission buses (ULEBs).
Your task
You have an appointment with an official of the local authorities and bus operators in Devon. You
must try and persuade them that the choice of ultra-low emission buses (ULEBs) for the area is a
better solution than the existing old-fashioned diesel buses.
Your argumentation must be clear, detailed and structured.
1 Describe the main features of the buses.
2 Say what solutions these electric buses will provide.
KEY W ORDS
Tips ◗ to address challenges:

relever des défis
1. Features ◗ to conduct a trial: mener
un essai
• 12 meters long; integral all-steel body; 35 seats in 2×2 configuration.
◗ to ease: faciliter
• 230 hp turbo-charged, inter-cooled engine, automatic transmission. ◗ to improve: améliorer
• Roto-molded seats, air-conditioning and electronic destination boards. ◗ to increase: accroître
• Electro-pneumatically controlled doors with lock sensors. ◗ to launch: lancer
• Low floor and wide doors that allow easy entry and exit.
• Laptop connections and a music system.
2. Solutions
• Meet citizens’ needs: reduce travel times, increase accessibility for
the elderly and disabled…
• Reduce congestion, improve traffic flows, make roads safer…
• Lower carbon dioxide emissions by 72%; cleaner air, better health…
• Save the city £35,000: electric buses cost 50% less to run than diesel buses.
• Promote innovation.

Check point
commute feasibility pods ride shared
speeds self-driving sharing tubes

1 Match the words and their definitions.
a. shared transport • • 1. urbanites using a. Mixing friendliness and sharing of costs, shared
alternative transport transport is ideal for your trips.
options
b. The hyperloop is based on the movement of people
b. hypersonic plane • • 2. it takes passengers
at high speeds on in pods that travel at high speeds through
the ground tubes over long distances.
c. city mobility • • 3. it will fly at six
thousand kilometers c. Manufacturers are developing self-driving vehicles
an hour that let artificial intelligence take the wheel so that
d. hyperloop • • 4. a vehicle operating the driver can sit back, relax and enjoy the ride .
without human
intervention d. It is possible for a portion of the labour force
e. an autonomous car • • 5. travellers use a vehicle to commute to urban areas for employment.
as a group
e. TransPod, a transport technology company, is given
the green light to study the feasibility of an
ultra-high-speed transportation line.
1. We know that congestion … worse as the number of cars and trucks … on our roads.
❒ a. will grow / will increase ❒ b. will grow / increases ❒ c. grows / will increase
2. Software … safety significantly when it … traffic flows efficiently.

❒ a. improves / monitors ❒ b. improves / will monitor ❒ c. will improve / monitors
3. When rural communities … by autonomous vehicles, it … individuals.

❒ a. will be reconnected/benefit ❒ b. are reconnected / will benefit ❒ c. will be reconnected / will benefit
4. Travellers … a simulated vision of outside when they … a hypersonic plane.

❒ a. will have / fly ❒ b. will have / will fly ❒ c. have / fly
# quiz time
21ind07
Mobility : la mobilité Aircraft: les avions Adjectives: adjectifs
◗ to commute: faire la navette entre le domicile ◗ an airliner: un avion de ligne ◗ affordable: abordable
et le travail ◗ cruising speed: la vitesse de croisière ◗ autonomous: autonome
◗ in the near future: dans un avenir proche ◗ to fly, flew, flown: voler ◗ cost-saving/economical: économique
◗ obstacle detection: la détection d’obstacles ◗ flight speed: la vitesse de vol ◗ efficient: efficace
◗ ownership: la propriété ◗ a hypersonic flight: un vol hypersonique ◗ futuristic: futuriste
◗ public transport (PT): les transports publics ◗ to land: atterrir ◗ light: léger(ère)
◗ the range: la portée, la zone ◗ a plane: un avion ◗ rural: rural(e)
◗ a ride: un trajet ◗ a reaction engine: un moteur à réaction ◗ smart: intelligent(e)
◗ to share: partager ◗ the runway: la piste d’atterrissage ◗ state-of-the-art: à la pointe

◗ road safety: la sécurité routière ◗ a space plane: un avion de l’espace ◗ reliable: fiable
◗ a vehicle: un véhicule ◗ to take off: décoller ◗ safe: sûr(e)
◗ urban: urbain(e) Glossary p. 155

Firms UNIT
Go Green 8
KEY W O R DS
1 Write down all the words the photograph makes you think of. ◗ to dump into: rejeter dans
◗ fossil fuel: l’énergie fossile
Air pollution: to spew noxious fumes, carbon dioxide, to foul the air, greenhouse gases,
◗ to foul: salir, polluer
to degrade air quality, harmful… ◗ global warming: le réchauffement
climatique
Land pollution: to pollute, to dump into, to poison, toxic waste, pollutants, chemicals,
◗ harmful: dangereux(se)
to contaminate… ◗ healthy: sain(e)
Climate change: fossil fuel, to upset the balance/unbalance, to threaten wildlife, ◗ noxious: nocif(ve)
global warming… ◗ a power station: une centrale
électrique
◗ steam: la vapeur
2 State the benefits which companies derive from going green. ◗ sustainable: durable
The main value of utilising sustainable methods is to maintain the health of the ◗ a thermal power plant: une centrale
thermique
environment and prevent the waste of natural resources. It also creates a healthy
◗ a threat to: une menace pour
environment for employees and reduces unnecessary waste. Finally, industries utilising ◗ toxic waste: les déchets toxiques
green technology and selling green products have seen customers respond positively ◗ wildlife: la faune, la vie sauvage
and recognise the role they play in leading the way for social change.
UNIT 8 - firms go green • 89

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Developing sustainable industry

1 Look at the drawing. Fill in the blanks to describe the flows between the different
players of the eco-industrial park.
steam and water heat and water
gas and waste water
Refinery Power plant Municipality

waste heat
gas and cooling
gypsum water
water
biomass
and yeast
Fish farms Pig farms
sludge sludge
Plasterboard plant Local farms Biotech/Pharmaceuticals
The power plant feeds the municipality with heat and water and the refinery with
steam and water . It sends back gas and waste water . The power plant supplies
fish farms with waste heat and cooling water . They deliver sludge to local farms .
2 Explain how an eco-industrial park (EIP) works.

It is a network of industries that cooperate with each other and with the local community. They share
raw materials, water and energy, and use byproducts and energy to reduce waste and pollution.
ACTIVITY 2 London Sustainable Industries Park (SIP)

On a brownfield site1 in east London, not far from the site jobs and prosperity in the wake of cutbacks3 at automaker
of the 2012 Olympic Park, a new green vision is emerging Ford’s Dagenham car plant.
from the ashes of the UK capital’s dirty industrial past. […] But that’s not all they’re doing says Mark Bradbury,
Once the home of a coal-fired power station, the London London Thames Gateway Development Corporation’s
Sustainable Industries Park (SIP) at Dagenham Dock deputy director of development. “We’re putting in a lot
is creating the largest concentration of environmental more landscape infrastructure creating an environment
businesses in the UK. which is much more business park than industrial estate”
The concept to transform the area into a clean-tech hub2 [he said].
was originally devised by the local government authority Matthew Knight, December 21st 2011, CNN ■
(Barking and Dagenham) who were keen to promote 1 • une friche industrielle; 2 • un pôle; 3 • à la suite de réductions
3 Read the text. Provide information about the new project.

a • Location: Dagenham Dock, east London, United Kingdom.
b • Name: London Sustainable Industries Park (SIP).
c • Objectives: to create a clean-tech hub and to promote jobs and prosperity.
4 Pick out the phrases that describe the site in the past and today.
a • Past: brownfield site, dirty industries, coal-fired power station, car plant.
b • Today: environmental businesses, new green vision, sustainable industries.
90 • UNIT 8 - firms go green

To start with
5 Explain in your own words what Mark Bradbury means.

Mark Bradbury means that London Thames Gateway Development Corporation is creating a green industrial park,
very different from a traditional industrial site.
# vidéo
ACTIVITY 3 Kalundborg Symbiosis foucherconnect.fr/
21ind43
6 Watch the video. Tick the adjectives that correspond to Kalundborg Symbiosis.
❒ new ❒ polluting ❒ intelligent ❒ natural ❒ clever ❒ individualistic ❒ cooperative
❒ sustainable ❒ disorganised ❒ unique ❒ artificial ❒ dirty ❒ harmonious ❒ rich
7 List the challenges the world has to face in the twenty-first century.
Water consumption, waste management and the use of materials.
8 Match the industry in Kalundborg and its domain of excellence.
a. Forsyning • • 1. the world’s largest producer of insulin

b. Dong energy • • 2. the world’s biggest enzyme producer
c. Novo nordisk • • 3. the largest water treatment plant in Northern Europe
d. Novozymes • • 4. the world’s first second-generation bioethanol demonstration facility
9 Fill in the blanks to describe the way companies work in Kalundborg.

They have come together in a collaboration aimed at organising themselves in order
to utilise each other’s waste products in a rotating local cycle . By creating
a closed cycle of waste products between enterprise and authorities,
a unique system has been created. Here, residue and byproducts flow in a minutely
orchestrated system of production, where the byproduct of one company is
the raw material of another.
10 Say whether these statements are right or wrong.
a •. The companies have an economic advantage because the system is based on reasonable
business and environmental principles. Right.
b • The system in Kalundborg and the system of nature cannot be compared. Wrong.
c •. In both systems all output becomes input in a different part of the ecosystem. Right.
d •. Companies in Kalundborg refuse to share their experience. Wrong.
EXPRESS Do you agree that eco-industrial parks have many environmental, monetary
F
YOURSEL and societal benefits? What could be the effects of industrial ecology?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ It ensures people’s health…: Cela garantit la santé ◗ the system as a whole: le système dans son
des gens... ensemble

◗ I find the efforts inspiring and encouraging…: ◗ with the added benefit of preventing…:
Je trouve ces efforts inspirants et encourageants... avec l’avantage supplémentaire d’empêcher…
Glossary p. 156

# vidéo
The wind energy debate foucherconnect.fr/
21ind44
Before watching
1 • Read the title and say what you expect the video
to deal with.
The title indicates that people have divided opinions concerning 0:00 3:04
wind turbines.
KEY W ORDS
2 • Say what the potential of wind power is in terms ◗ concerns: des inquiétudes
of electricity production. ◗ a foot (pl. feet): 30,48 cm
◗ to generate energy: générer de l’électricité
To contribute to the electricity needs of the nation, wind power
◗ to improve: améliorer
allows the reduction of carbon emissions and water cosumption, ◗ to lower/reduce carbon emissions: faire
baisser/réduire les émissions de CO2
as well as the improvement of air quality.
◗ a stipend: une rémunération
Understanding
1 Watch the whole video once and fill in the grid with information about the two protagonists.
Protagonist 1 Protagonist 2
Who? Kristy Horsch Jim Warta
Where? Reno County, Kansas Ellsworth County, Kansas
Opponent or advocate
She is an opponent. He is a wind energy advocate.
of wind energy?
She has safety concerns. He has wind turbines in his pastures and is
Main reason?
satisfied.
2 Match the words with their definition. Give the French equivalent.
a. a blade: une lame • • 1. the distance of a structure from the property line
b. to spin: tournoyer • • 2. the location
c. the setback: le recul, le retrait • • 3. an arm of a rotating mechanism
d. a wind turbine: une éolienne • • 4. to rotate rapidly
e. the siting: l’implantation • • 5. a rotary engine that is driven by the wind
3 Say whether the following statements are right or wrong. 0:00 to 0:23
a. Kristy Horsch says that residents are not against wind. Right.
b. Residents have always wanted the wind turbines to be at proper siting. Right.
c. Opposition was fuelled by the fact the permit met their hopes. Wrong.

Video 1
4 Tick the rancher’s arguments that you actually hear. 0:24 to 1:07
❒ A group came to take wedding pictures with the turbines in the background.
❒ Jim has had some neat things happen over the years thanks to the wind farms.
❒ Jim spent holidays in Iowa. ❒ It was winter, but the turbines just turned.
❒ Cows were not scared of the wind turbines. ❒ He enjoyed standing in the fields.
❒ Corn and soybeans were growing out in the fields.
5 Fill in the blanks. 1:09 to 2:01
a. “The setbacks in the permit were two thousand feet. And according to our research, that was not enough to protect
our health , our safety and our children .”
b. “All the opposition, things that were said were: ‘just throw it out there. See if it’ll stop it. They tried everything to stop it.”
c. “There are a lot of safety concerns. The concerns related to the GE turbines and that eleven-hundred-foot safety ,
a lot of that is ice throw. If there’s ice on the blades , it can throw up to eleven hundred feet. Turbines can start
a fire . Turbine blades can spin out of control. Turbines fall . It can be rare. But you don’t want to be
in that unsafe zone. You don’t want your kids in that unsafe zone.”
6 Give the reasons why Jim Warta is in favour of wind turbines. 2:02 to 2:25
Jim thinks that all the people who have turbines on their property are satisfied because they give a good feeling and are
pollution-free.
7 Correct the mistake in each statement. 2:26 to the end
a. Kristy would accept turbines at three thousand miles from her property. feet
b. Kristy would like a guarantee that the value of her property will not be higher due to the wind turbines. lower
c. Turbines have made Jim’s life much more difficult than in the past. easier,they were a turning point in his life
# speak up
SOUNDS AT WORK
audio + basic rules
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind45
1. Classify these words according to the way the unstressed vowels (in bold) are pronounced [ə] or [i].
begin –Kansas – Iowa – energy – environment – garbage – image – money – pollution – rancher – recycle – renewable –
resource – sustainable – village
[ə] as in əbout: Kənsəs, Iəwə, enərgy, ənvirənmənt, pəllutiən, ranchər, səstainəbəl
[i] as in iconomy: bigin, garbige, imige, moni, ricycle, rinewable, risource, villige
2. Listen to the recording and check your answers.

3. Complete the following conclusion you can draw from the exercise.
An unstressed vowel is pronounced [ə] referred to as schwa , except age, e, i or ey, pronounced [i] .
G
TRAININ
1. With all the information collected, give an account of the video.

FOR TH E
2. As you see it, what are the benefits and challenges of wind energy?
EXAM

Text
PEAK
Corporate
greenwashing
[…] The water industry trades heavily on
images of rugged1 mountains and pristine2 PEAK
lakes to sell its products. And many
companies – Nestle, in particular – spend
5 millions of dollars trying to convince the Our water gets its unique cool, crisp taste from its 15 year
journey through the mountains. It starts as snow and rain
public that their bottled water isn’t only and travels slowly through layers of glacial rocks where
it becomes naturally filtered and enhanced with electrolytes
good to drink, but is also good for the planet. and minerals. Nature gives our water everything it needs.
Over the past few years, the bottled water

giant has claimed that its Eco-Shape bottle
10 is more efficient, that its Resource recycled plastic bottle is more environmentally
responsible and that its use of plant-based plastic is less damaging to the planet.
In 2008, Nestle Waters Canada even ran an ad claiming: “Bottled water is the most
environmentally responsible consumer product in the world.” Several Canadian groups
quickly filed a complaint against the company. Five years later, during Earth Day
15 2013, the International Bottled Water Association doubled down on the sustainability
claims, announcing that bottled water was “the face of positive change” because the
industry was using less plastic in its bottles and relying more on recycled plastic.
Sustainability promises aside, only about 31% of plastic bottles end up getting recycled,
which means that “the face of positive change” creates millions of tons of garbage
20 every year, much of which ends up in landfills or the ocean.
And the water that goes in the bottles is often equally unsustainable. Nestle’s Arrowhead
water claims that “Mother Nature is our muse” and boasts that it “has a team of experts
dedicated to watching over each one of our 13 spring sources” to ensure responsible
water stewardship. This sounds promising until one considers that those springs are
25 in California, which has been in a state of drought3 for five years. The company also
bottles water in Arizona and Oregon, both of which are also experiencing droughts.
The troubling evolution of corporate greenwashing, by Bruce Watson, 20 August 2016,
Guardian Professional © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2021 ■
1 • accidentées; 2 • immaculés; 3 • sécheresse
1 Look at the advert and say what the landscape, the colour and the slogan suggest.
The pristine mountain range and the blue colour suggest that the bottle is genuinely eco-friendly and sustainable.
The slogan “100% natural water” indicates that the water is all-natural, clean, chemical-free and healthy.
2 Read the text once. Give a definition of “corporate greenwashing”.

Companies run expensive television and print ads to try to persuade consumers that their products are
environmentally responsible even if they are engaging in environmentally unsustainable practices.
3 Find words in the text that mean the same as:
a. exploits (§1): trades on
b. made a legal statement of dissatisfaction (§2): filed a complaint

c. reinforced its position in spite of opposition (§2) doubled down

Text
d. talks very proudly of (§4): boasts
e. places where water comes up through the ground (§4): spring sources
4 Quote the claims made by Nestle concerning its water bottles.
a. Shape: “its Eco-Shape is more efficient […]”
b. Material: “its Resource recycled plastic bottle is more environmentally responsible […]”
5 Say what beliefs are maintained in Nestlé’s ads for bottled water.
a. In 2008: Nestle claimed it was “the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world.”
b. In 2013: Nestle claimed it was “using less plastic in its bottles and relying more on recycled plastic.”
6 Say what these amounts refer to.
a. 31%: hardly one-third of plastic bottles are actually recycled.
b. Millions of tons: the amount of garbage produced every year by plastic bottles.
7 Indicate whether these statements are right or wrong. Justify your answers
by quoting from the text.
a. The claim that the water in the bottles is sustainable is based on facts.
Wrong. “the water that goes in the bottles is often equally unsustainable.”
b. Nestle claims that a team of experts is monitoring the origin of the water.
Right. “Nestle […] boasts that it ‘has a team of experts dedicated to watching over each one of our 13 spring sources’ […]”
c. In the past five years there has been a lack of water in California.
Right. “California, which has been in a state of drought for five years.”
d. The journalist thinks the situation is better in Arizona and Oregon.

Wrong. “Arizona and Oregon, both of which are also experiencing droughts.”
8 Comment on the statement: “The biggest issue of bottled water is

the environmental cost.”
The production of bottled water is wasteful: it takes about three litres of tap water to produce one litre. Also, plastics
are extremely difficult to recycle. This means that bottles are likely to end up in landfills, or worse, in the ocean.
Moreover, bottled water production and consumption have high environmental, energy, and transportation costs.
EXPRESS Do you believe that companies are making obvious sustainability efforts or that
F
YOURSEL it is only greenwashing? Give specific examples.
U S E F U L P HR ASE S
◗ They present themselves as…: Ils se présentent ◗ They are the worst examples of…: Ce sont les pires
comme étant… exemples de…
◗ It has brought increased awareness of …: Cela a ◗ It would actually be a lot greener to…: Il serait vraiment
conduit à une prise de conscience croissante de …. beaucoup plus vert de…
◗ The positive effect is that…: L’effet positif est que… ◗ There is growing concern that…: On s’inquiète toujours
davantage de ce que…
Glossary p. 156

Electronics recycling
# vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind46
Before watching
1 • Give a definition of electronic waste, or e-waste.
E-waste refers to all electronic devices that are at the end of their
useful life. It can be a computer that is outdated and doesn’t run
properly or a smartphone that is no longer useful to its owner. 0:00 2:39
KEY W ORDS
◗ a conveyor belt: un convoyeur à bande
2 • Say how you usually dispose of an old electronic ◗ to dispose of: se débarrasser de
device (smartphone, desktop computer, laptop, tablet, ◗ a Gaylord (container): un conteneur
circuit board…). ◗ a magnet: un aimant
◗ to process: traiter
There are three main ways you can dispose of an old device: donate
◗ to refurbish: rénover
it to those who are in need of electronics; give it back to the ◗ to repurpose:reconvertir
company you purchased it from; or take it to a designated recycler. ◗ shredding: le déchiquetage
◗ to sort: trier
Understanding
1 Watch the whole video once and answer the following questions.
What type of document is it? a promotional video
Where does it take place? at the facilities of Sims Recycling Solutions
What is the main topic? shredding and separation technologies to recycle e-waste
2 Say why recycling e-waste can be challenging. 0:00 to 0:28
Recycling e-waste can be challenging because discarded electronic devices are made of glass, metals and plastics that
need to be processed and separated to make new products.
3 Fill in the blanks to describe the recycling process. 0:29 to 0:57
a. Resourceful production teams train technicians .

b. Systematic and secure processing allows Sims Recycling Solutions to provide our customers with
closed-loop recycling services.
c. This enables you to ensure environmentally responsible processing of your retired electronics,
while minimising the risks involved with handling sensitive digital data.
d. Efficient separation of materials is the foundation of electronics recycling.

Video 2
4 Reorder the various steps of the recycling process. 0:58 to the end
a. Aluminum, copper and circuit boards are separated from plastic by mechanical processing.
b. The materials are collected in Gaylord containers ready to be sold as recycled commodity materials.
c. Electronic waste is shredded to facilitate sorting and separation of plastics from metals and internal circuitry.
d. A powerful overhead magnet separates iron and steel from the waste stream.
e. Production teams inspect and separate the materials by hand.
f. All remnants of metal are separated from plastics by a metal detector.
g. ABS plastic is separated from polystyrene plastic.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7

c d a e g f b
5 Tick the advantages of Sims Recycling Solutions technology mentioned in the video.
❒ Recycling e-waste protects the ❒ E-waste recycling lowers the future ❒ It boosts staff morale and retention.
environment. costs of non-renewable materials.
❒ The separation of different plastics ❒ Recycling e-waste has never been ❒ The innovative separation technology
facilitates the development of next easier. meets the challenges of the recycling
generation products. industry.
# speak up
SOUNDS AT WORK
audio + basic rules
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind47
1. Classify the following words according to the way -ou is pronounced.

about – account – announce – bought – could – country – county – couple – cousin – dangerous – double – drought – group –
mountain – noxious – resource – should – source – thought – through
[aυ] as in house: about, account, announce, county, drought, mountain
[ɔ] as in fought: bought, resource, source, thought
[u] as in soup: group, through
[] as in enough: country, couple, cousin, double
[ə] as in colour: dangerous, noxious
[u] as in would: could, should
2. Listen to the recording to check your answers and repeat the words.
G
FOR THE 2. You have probably upgraded your smartphones to new ones over the years.
EXAM
But what did you do with your old phones? Think of possible uses and ways
of refurbishing, repurposing or recycling them.

Language at work
Exprimer une condition # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind48
Pour chaque phrase, dites si la condition est réalisable, soumise
à une situation hypothétique, ou ne s’est pas réalisée dans le passé.
a. u If consumers recycled electronic devices it would reduce waste. situation hypothétique
b. u If consumers had recycled electronic devices, it would have reduced waste. pas réalisé dans le passé
c. u If consumers recycle electronic devices, it will reduce waste. condition réalisable
Complétez les phrases suivantes avec le temps utilisé.
a. u Pour indiquer que la condition est réalisable, on utilise : le présent.
b. u Pour indiquer que des faits sont soumis à une condition irréelle, on utilise : le prétérit.
c. u Pour indiquer que la condition ne s’est pas réalisée dans le passé, on utilise : le pluperfect.
Grammar p. 151
Exercises
1 u Match each condition with the appropriate ending.
a. If companies work with one another, • • 1. they would replace the use of fossil fuels.
b. If toxic waste from industries is dumped, • • 2. they must resist hurricanes, salt and waves.
c. If alternative energies were developed, • • 3. it would have reduced our reliance on fossil fuels.
d. If wind turbines are located offshore, • • 4. I would not have bought them.
e. If a wind farm was erected, • • 5. it provides a good model for the future of industry.
f. If alternative sources of energy had been found, • • 6. it would create concerns for residents.
g. If the company had not promoted its products as • • 7. land and water are polluted.
being "green",
2 u Transform the sentences starting with the prompts. 3 u Translate these sentences into English.
a. If big cities adopt climate adaptation strategies, a. S’il y avait moins de pollution industrielle, cela aurait un
they will reduce pollution. impact sur l’environnement.  If there was less industrial
 Environmentalists argued that if big cities adopted climate pollution, it would have an impact on the environment.
adaptation strategies, they would reduce pollution. b. Si le gouvernement investissait dans ce parc industriel,
b. If companies want to maintain a positive reputation, ce serait un bon modèle pour l’avenir de l’industrie.
they will have to meet the standards.  If the government invested in the industrial park,
 Experts said that if companies wanted to maintain a positive it would be a good model for the future of the industry.
reputation, they would have to meet the standards. c. Ce projet de parc éolien réussirait si les résidents lui
c. If a product claims to be 100% organic, chances are apportaient plus de soutien.  This project of a wind farm
it’s 100% greenwash. would succeed if residents gave it more support.
 The journalist maintained that if a product claimed to be d. Si la commission avait étudié le problème, une solution
100% organic, chances were it was 100% greenwash. aurait été trouvée. If the commission had studied the
problem, a solution would have been found.

Let's be PRO!
Writing a professional
document
Email is an unmissable professional document. It
is an essential tool within a company to communi-
cate factual information and positive news. Writ-
ing an email requires using conventions related to
structure and style in order to convey your message
to your audience professionally.
Your job
You work as a consultant in corporate social respon-

sibility (CSR) and sustainable development for Crys-
tal Springs, a bottled water company that seeks to
make its image stronger by promoting a new policy
meant to make the workplace greener.
Your task
Write an email to be circulated among the company’s staff providing

information about what they should do to make the workplace greener.
Think of the following fields:
• paper: printing, photocopies, emails…
• plastic: non-disposable cups, reusable food containers and water bottles…
• commuting: carpooling, cycling, public transport…
• energy: computers, lighting, heating…
• teleworking, video conferencing…
Tips
Follow these guidelines in order to write an effective email.
KEY W ORDS
The 4 C’s of letter writing are Clear, Courteous, Concise and Complete.
◗ carpooling: le covoiturage
Remember the motto, “The customer is always right”.
◗ commuting: navette entre chez soi
• In the subject line, present the purpose of the email, clearly et le bureau
and concisely. ◗ energy-efficient lighting: éclairage
• Provide the pieces of information in this order: à faible consommation
– Background or context for the main point of the email; ◗ to reduce paper waste: réduire
le gâchis de papier
– Main point/decision/request: say exactly what action you want
◗ reusable: réutilisable
people to take.
◗ teleworking: le télétravail
– Ask for feedback on these actions: what would they consider
◗ video conferencing: vidéo conférence
to be more efficient?
– Polite ending.
• Use bulleted/numbered lists to make important or detailed
information easier to access.
• Proofread carefully and use spell check to be sure all words are
spelt correctly.
• Get to the point. Avoid lengthy sentences and paragraphs.
Remember Shorter = Better!

Check point 2 Translate these sentences into English.
a. Les écologistes luttent contre le changement climatique.
The environmentalists fight against climate change.
1 Make compounds. b. Vous devriez réduire votre part d’énergies polluantes.

Example: a bin to recycle ➜ a recycling bin You should reduce your share of polluting energies.
a. Capacities to recycle: recycling capacities c. Cela cause des dommages énormes à l’environnement.
b. Industries that are efficient in energy: energy- It causes enormous damage to the environment.
efficient industries d. Les bénéfices et les défis des énergies renouvelables
c. Industrial parks that are friendly to the environ- doivent être évalués.
ment: environment-friendly industrial parks The benefits and challenges of renewable energies are to be
d. Businesses that do not pollute: non-polluting assessed/weighed.
businesses e. Le personnel a mis fin au gâchis de papier.
e. People who own a property: property-owners The staff has put an end to paper waste.
3 Turn the verbs into the appropriate form.

a. If the company (continue) continues to build a more sustainable future, it will have a positive impact.
b. Less polluting energy will be required if more wind farms (be built) are built .
c. If demand for electronics did not keep increasing, the demand for energy (not + be) would not be so high.
d. The employees could make the office greener if the company (try) tried to reduce its carbon footprint.
e. These projects (succeed) would have succeeded if they had received more support.
4 Answer the questions of the wind energy quiz.

a. Which produces more carbon emissions? f. What percentage of the world’s electricity comes from
❒ wind power ❒ natural gas wind?
b. Which of these US states would be the best place to put ❒ 1-2% ❒ 10% ❒ 15% ❒ 50%
a wind turbine? g. How does a wind turbine make electricity?
❒ Nebraska ❒ Tennessee ❒ California ❒ The spinning blades turn a shaft that connects
c. Which of these is a problem with wind energy? to a generator.
❒ It causes climate change. ❒ The wind doesn’t blow all ❒ They raise water that flows downhill and runs
the time. ❒ The turbines have to be close to major cities. a turbine.
❒ Tiny elves inside the blades run on treadmills.
d. Thousands of birds are killed by wind turbines every year.
❒ True ❒ False h. Which literary character fought a windmill thinking
it was a giant?
e. What were Dutch windmills for? ❒ Don Juan ❒ Don Quixote ❒ Dom Perignon
❒ attracting tourists ❒ making electricity
❒ pumping water
# quiz time
21ind49
Pollution: la pollution ◗ greenhouse gases : des gaz à effet de serre ◗ to curb: limiter
◗ harmful : dangereux(se) ◗ environmentally friendly: respectueux
◗ carbon dioxide: le dioxyde de carbone de l’environnement
◗ to threaten : menacer
◗ chemicals: des produits chimiques ◗ an environmentalist: un(e) écologiste
◗ rubbish/garbage: des déchets
◗ climate change: le changement climatique ◗ to lower emissions: faire baisser les émissions
◗ to use up resources : épuiser les ressources
◗ disposable: jetable ◗ non-polluting: non polluant(e)
◗ to dump toxic waste: jeter des déchets toxiques Sustainable development:
◗ to recycle: recycler
◗ exhaust fumes: des gaz d’échappement le développement durable

◗ renewable energies: des énergies
◗ fossil fuels: les carburants fossiles ◗ biofuels: les biocarburants renouvelables
◗ to foul the air: souiller l’air ◗ breathable air: l’air respirable ◗ a windmill/turbine: une éolienne
◗ global warming: le réchauffement de la planète ◗ to clean up: nettoyer ◗ a wind farm: un parc éolien
100 • UNIT 8 - firms go green Glossary p. 156

Health and UNIT
Safety at Work 9
KEY W O R D S
1 Look at the picture and describe it. ◗ to carry: transporter

◗ goggles: des lunettes de sécurité
This is an electrical engineering site, possibly an oil rig or a ferry as we can see water
◗ a hazard: un danger, un risque
in the background. ◗ hi-vis: à haute visibilité
◗ a jumpsuit: une combinaison
2 Say if this picture shows safe or unsafe practice: environment, ◗ to kneel: s’agenouiller
worker’s clothes, equipment, position… ◗ to measure: mesurer
◗ reflective stripes: des bandes
This picture shows safe practice. We can see that the worker is wearing a hard hat and safety réfléchissantes
goggles, boots with rubber soles, as well as a hi-vis orange jumpsuit with reflective stripes. ◗ to wear: porter (un vêtement)
He has earplugs to protect his ears and a walkie-talkie to signal for help or to report a problem.
He is keeping a good distance from the equipment he is working on, and his position shows that
he is ready to move quickly if necessary.
UNIT 9 - heaLth and safety at Work • 101

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Spot the hazards
1 Circle the hazards on the picture.
2 Link the situation with the hazard and then the hazard with its solution.
Situations Hazards Solutions

a barrel is on the • • the sparks could burn • • someone should remove
top of a shelf his eyes the petrol can
a worker is carrying • • he could trip and injure • • he should take the

a heavy box himself necklace off
a worker is wearing • • it could get caught • • he should carry lighter

jewellery on something loads
a worker has untied • • he could drop it and • • he should tie his

shoelaces hurt himself shoelaces
there are tools on • • someone could trip up • • he should wear

the floor and injure himself protection
a petrol can is open • • it could roll off • • someone should pick up

the tools and put them away
a worker is welding • • the whole workplace • • someone should put it

a car bonnet without could burn down somewhere safer

eye protection
102 • UNIT 9 - heaLth and safety at Work

To start with
ACTIVITY 2 Your Workplace

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA) lays practicable’. This means that employers can argue that the
down wide-ranging duties on employers. Employers costs of a particular safety measure are not justified by the
must protect the ‘health, safety and welfare’ at work of reduction in risk that the measure would produce. But it
all their employees, as well as others on their premises, does not mean they can avoid their responsibilities simply
including temps, casual workers, the self-employed, by claiming that they cannot afford improvements […].
clients, visitors and the general public. However, these What is the Health and Safety at Work Act?,
duties are qualified with the words ‘so far as is reasonably ©worksmart.org, D.R. ■
3 Say if the following sentences are true or false.
a • Employers have to protect everyone who comes onto their site. True.
b • Employers are responsible for making the workplace as safe as possible. True.
c • Employers are fully responsible for everyone in all circumstances. False.
d • Employers must make the workplace absolutely safe for their employees. False.
e • Employers have a certain amount of choice in the safety measures they implement. True.
4 Discuss with a partner which additional measures you think employers should take
to keep workers safe at all times.
Employers should make sure employees feel safe and confident doing their work. This could be done by supplying
extensive PPE, plastic or metal barriers, solid railings, security personnel at the entrance… During the first wave of
Covid-19, nurses ended up working dressed in bin bags. That sort of thing shouldn’t happen.
ACTIVITY 3 Getting hurt at work # audio

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind36
5 Explain why this accident happened.
It happened because Daniel was not careful enough and thought he could reach when he could not.
6 Say how this accident could have been prevented.

Daniel should have found a longer ladder and/or got a co-worker to help him stay balanced. He should certainly
not have balanced the ladder on a table.
7 Say if you have ever had a similar accident. What did you do? What should
you have done?
Open answer. I had a similar accident when I was trying to catch my cat who had jumped out of my window.
I leaned out of the window and nearly fell on my head. I should have gone outside and walked round, then got
a ladder to collect the cat.
EXPRESS
In your current or future workplace, which problems are you concerned about?
F
◗ My workplace is…: Mon lieu de travail est… ◗ The problem with my workplace is…:
◗ In my workplace, I often feel…: Sur mon lieu de travail, Le problème avec mon lieu de travail est…
je ressens souvent…
Glossary p. 156

# vidéo
Electrical safety 101
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind37
Before watching
1 • Look at the picture. Describe what is happening.
The man has just been electrocuted. 0:00 2:41
2 • Name some electrical hazards you can think of. KEY W ORDS
Electrocution, electric burns, exposure to arcing, fire from faulty ◗ to be tangled: être entremêlé(e)
◗ electrical wires: des fils électriques
electrical equipment or installations, explosions…
◗ an electric shock: une électrocution
◗ a naked bulb: une ampoule nue
◗ a plug: une prise mâle
◗ to plug in: brancher
◗ a safety switch: un interrupteur
de sécurité
◗ a socket or an outlet: une prise femelle
◗ to unplug: débrancher
Understanding
1 Say what is meant by the title of the video: “Electrical Safety 101”.
“101” means the basics of something, so this video explains the basics of electrical safety.
2 Link the English words from the video to their translation.

a. bulb • • 1. surchargé
b. overloaded • • 2. fil
c. burn • • 3. feu
d. wire • • 4. ampoule
e. fire • • 5. brûler
f. electric shock • • 6. électrocution
3 Note the statistics given at the beginning of the video. 0:00 to 0:37
51.000 electrical home fires per year, 500 deaths, 400 injuries, 400 Americans die from electrocution each year.
4 Fill in the gaps to make a coherent paragraph. 0:42 to 1:09
Fortunately, there are a few dos and don’ts you can abide by to prevent most major
shock incidences . First and foremost, there are a number of things you can do in and around your house
to prevent a shock injury from occurring in your home. You should always turn off light switches
before changing out dead light bulbs, keep cords untangled and away from heaters, place your
drinks away from your game consoles and other electronics .

Video 1
5 Say what you shouldn’t do at home. 1:10 to 1:47
I shouldn’t put anything other than a plug into an outlet, use electronic appliances if I am wet or standing near water,
or overload sockets.
6 Pick out the dos and don’ts to stay safe outside. 1:47 to 2:41
Dos Don’ts
Stay at least 35ft away from downed power lines and Swim during a thunderstorm.
call 911 if you spot a downed wire. Fly kites/drones near power lines.
Stay away from transformers. Climb utility poles or the trees around them.
Stay inside during thunderstorms. Go close to fallen power lines.
7 To conclude, say if these sentences are true or false.
a. Electricity is both wonderful and dangerous. True.

b. There aren’t very many electrical accidents. False.
c. You can’t prevent electrocution. False.
d. You can do many things in or around your own house to ensure electrical safety. True.
e. You can unscrew a lit bulb, it’s just hot but not dangerous. False.
f. Water and electricity go well together. False.
g. Overloaded circuits can discolour the wall and smell of burning. True.
h. You can’t do anything about electrical safety when you’re outside. False.
i. Transformers are robots. True.
j. Transformers are only robots. False.

audio + basic rules
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind38
1. Say how -u is pronounced in these words:
unique – usual – pull – utility – unplug – bulb – unfortunately – justify – student – up – construction –
rude – stuff – untie – injure – jumpsuit – full – electrocute – flu – supply – put
[] as in duck: bulb – justify – up – construction – stuff – untie – jumpsuit – unfortunately – unplug
[υ] as in bull: pull – full – put
[ju:] as in computer: unique – usual – utility – student – electrocute
[u:] as in supermarket: rude – flu
[ə] as in leisure: injure – supply
2. Listen to the recording to check your answers.
G
FOR T H E
2. What other pieces of advice would you give to a young technician who
EXAM
is learning how to work with electricity?

Text
Why looking after workers’

mental health makes sound
business sense
[…] Employees at Split the Bills who feel overwhelmed
or simply want to take a break from their desk can find
respite in the cosy space created 20 metres away from
their busy open-plan office in Sheffield. Set up seven years
5 ago, the company – which provides a utility and household
bill management service for rented student properties
– has just 30 staff. But, despite its small workforce, it is
proving size is no barrier to looking after mental health. […]
Official national statistics highlight how looking after employees’
10 mental health makes economic sense as well as making for a happier
workforce. Mental ill health is estimated to cost the UK economy £94bn
a year, according to recent OECD figures. At the same time, the Mental Health
Foundation charity calculates that policies addressing wellbeing at work increase
productivity by as much as 12%.
15 It was 18 months ago that Split the Bills decided to make looking after mental health
as important as looking after physical health, when a survey highlighted 71% of its staff
had experienced stress, low mood or mental health problems while in employment.
Many did not know where to get support. Determined to create an environment where
people could open up about their mental health, the company signed a pledge from
20 Time to Change (TTC) – the campaign set up by Mind and Rethink Mental Illness
aimed at reducing mental health stigma and discrimination. Today, events focusing
on raising mental health awareness are held throughout the year by the company,
which now has eight mental health champions and first aiders.
[…] The results have been dramatic, according to TTC employer engagement manager
25 Deborah Shaw, who says mental ill-health is the leading cause of sickness absence in
the UK. “We know 95% of employees calling in sick with stress gave a different reason.
Looking after the mental health of your employees makes business sense: tackling
stigma can make a real difference to sickness absence rates, presenteeism levels,
staff wellbeing and productivity, and retention,” says Shaw. “95% of employers who
30 signed the Employer Pledge, said it had a positive impact on their organisation.”
“Workplaces:changing attitudes to mental health”, by Linda Jackson,
theguardian.com ©Guardian News & Media Ltd 2021 ■
1 Fill in the table with the main details about the company given in the article.
Name of the company Split the Bills
Location Sheffield, UK
Occupation Managing utility and household bills for rented student properties
Number of employees 30
What it does It signed a pledge, it organises events, it has 8 mental health champions
for mental health and first aiders

Text
2 Say if these statements are right or wrong. Justify by quoting from the text.
a. The company believes mental health is more important than physical health.
False. “[…] Split the Bills decided to make looking after mental health as important as looking after physical health.”
b. The company pays £94bn a year as a result of mental health problems.

False. “Mental ill health is estimated to cost the UK economy £94bn a year […]”
c. 71% of the company’s staff had experienced mental health issues at work.
True. “[…] a survey highlighted 71% of its staff had experienced stress, low mood or mental health problems while
in employment.”
d. The company wanted their staff to know they could talk about mental health safely.
True. “Determined to create an environment where people could open up about their mental health […]”
e. The company signed a promise to reduce mental health discrimination.

True. “[…] the company signed a pledge from Time to Change (TTC) – the campaign set up by Mind and Rethink
Mental Illness aimed at reducing mental health stigma and discrimination.”
3 Match the numbers with the elements they represent.
a. 8 • • 1. the number of employees in the company

b. 12 • • 2. the number of months since Split The Bills decided to look after their employees’ mental health
c. 18 • • 3. the percentage of staff that has experienced stress or mental health issues at work
d. 20 • • 4. the number of employees who do not admit to stress when calling in sick
e. 30 • • 5. the number of “mental health champions” and first aiders in the company
f. 71 • • 6. the cost in £bn of mental health issues to the British economy
g. 94 • • 7. percentage increase in productivity when employees feel good at work
h. 95 • • 8. the distance in metres between the cosy mental health space and the busy office
4 Complete the sentences using what you learned from the text.
a. Split The Bills has a cosy space where employees can sit down, relax, take a break from work, perhaps
read a book or play a game.
b. Most people who need a sick day because of mental health give a different reason for calling in / do
not admit that it’s because of their mental health.
c. The problem with mental health in the workplace is that employees feel stigmatised, don’t dare talk
about it and don’t know where to get help.
d. When companies look after their employees’ mental health, the employees are happier, present
in greater numbers, and more productive.
EXPRESS Do you think that mental health is less important, as important or more important
F
YOURSEL than physical health and why?
US E FUL P HRASE S
◗ I think mental health isn’t as important as physical health because…: ◗ I reckon that without a healthy mind…:
Je pense que la santé mentale n’est pas aussi importante que la santé Je pense que sans un esprit sain…
physique, car… ◗ I believe that both are linked because…:

◗ I’ve noticed that mental health is often seen as taboo…: J’ai remarqué Je pense que les deux sont liés, car…
que la santé mentale est souvent considérée comme un tabou...
Glossary p. 156

The importance of health # vidéo

and safety in the workplace foucherconnect.fr/
21ind39
Before watching
1 • Say where you would typically find a sign like this one.
You could find this on construction sites, supermarkets when
0:00 3:49
someone is cleaning the floor, or even by the side of swimming
pools.
2 • Explain what you should do when you encounter KEY W ORDS

this sign. ◗ design: la conception
You should watch where you step and look out for water or oil ◗ a harness: un harnais
on the ground. ◗ on-site/off-site: sur site / hors site
Understanding
Introduce the main character: what is his name and his job? What are his hobbies?
1
What can we say about his lifestyle? 0:00 to 0:50
His name is Sid. He is an actor for all sorts of safety signs. He likes windsurfing, reading books, wearing dresses and going
to work in his pants. He leads an active and healthy lifestyle.
2 Explain how “most of the work [he] do[es]” can “be avoided”. 0:51 to 1:07
By wearing a harness, being aware of one’s environment, and staying aware of obvious hazards and dangers.
Explain why we all have to “put a little bit of thought into safety when we’re designing
3
a project”. 1:08 to 1:32
Because if we don’t, then we can have problems further down the line.
4 Demonstrate how we could “work at heights without actually working at heights”. 1:20 to 1:32
By making the big stuff somewhere else, bringing it in when we need to and assembling it on-site.
5 Explain the link between Mr. Plumpton’s sprout and Camembert pie, and the office carpet. 1:40 to 2:02
Everyone thought Mr. Plumpton’s pie was making them gassy and nauseous, but it turned out to be the carpet slowly
releasing toxic gas.

Video 2
Use the examples in the video to explain how “even some of the simplest design decisions can have
6
huge implications”. 2:12 to 2:32
Changing a light bulb or opening a window created hazards because of the way they were designed.
7 Explain how he proposes to solve the problem. 2:33 to 2:57
He explains that people may become bouncy and elastic, allowing them to solve problems that couldn’t be solved before.
8 Remember the consequences of keeping safety in mind when making design decisions. 2:58 to 3:49
People have fewer accidents thanks to working off-site, at low heights and in open spaces. Clients are happier, companies make
more money and workers are safer.
9 To conclude, match the beginnings and ends of the following sentences.

a. Sid says that it is important to be aware • • 1. should be accessible and safe.
b. The safety switches • • 2. many hazards can be avoided.
c. Not everything has to be made • • 3. of one’s environment.
d. Some basic office elements can be hazardous • • 4. because of the way they are designed.
e. If people keep safety in mind when making design decisions • • 5. on-site.

audio + basic rules
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind40
1. Say how -o is pronounced in these words:
socket – workers – protective – video – most – office – consequences – open – world – companies –
money – occupational – products – short – Europe – score
[ə] as in sector: protective - Europe
[ɒ] as in original: socket - office - consequences - occupational - products
[əυ] as in code: video - most - open
[ɔ:] as in four: score - short
[] as in love: companies - money
[:] as in word: workers - world
2. Listen to the recording to check your answers.
G
FOR T H E
2. Discuss: Do you agree that a little planning can eliminate a lot of safety
EXAM
risks down the line?

Language at work
Les modaux could, should, would # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
foucherconnect.fr/
21ind41
Observez les phrases suivantes et dites s’il s’agit d’un conseil, d’une probabilité,
d’une capacité, d’une possibilité, d’une volonté ou d’une demande polie.
a. u Construction workers should wear steel-toed boots at all times. Conseil
b. u If they wore hi-vis vests, they would be more visible. Probabilité
c. u Last night’s fire could have been avoided by unplugging all electrical equipment at night. Possibilité
d. u Could you please put your tools away when you have finished using them? Demande polie
e. u Employees should be given better equipment to help them stay safe on the job. Conseil
f. u How would you make this workplace safer? Demande polie
g. u Accidents could be prevented by making sure workers do not have long hair or long jewellery. Capacité
h. u Employees should be prepared to adapt their workspaces to their older employees. Conseil
i. u Could hiring more cleaning staff be the answer to our problem? Possibilité
j. u Would you like to have a safer workplace? Volonté
Indiquez quels modaux utiliser pour chaque situation.
u Conseil should u Capacité could u Demande polie could, would
u Probabilité should, would u Volonté would u Possibilité could
Grammar p. 148
Exercises
1 u Choose the correct modal for each sentence. 2 u Translate these sentences into English.
a. Workplaces should make sure their employees a. Vous devriez vous attacher les cheveux quand vous travaillez.
are working in safe conditions. You should tie your hair back when you’re working.
b. Many employees would like better protective b. Vous devriez vous assurer que vos lunettes sont propres
equipment and better working conditions. et ne sont pas rayées. You should make sure your goggles are
clean and not scratched.
c. Companies should be more attentive to their
employees’ mental health. c. Si je pouvais, je travaillerais en hauteur, mais j’ai le vertige.
If I could, I would work at heights, but I suffer from vertigo.
d. If more companies looked after their employees’
mental health, the employees would be happier
and more productive. d. Vous ne devriez jamais brancher trop d’appareils sur une seule
multiprise. You should never plug too many devices into one
e. Bad design could make workplaces unsafe,
multi-plug.
despite safety rules being applied.
e. Réfléchir aux problèmes potentiels rendrait les lieux de

f. It would never occur to my boss to make us
travail plus sûrs. Thinking about potential problems would make
work in bad conditions.
workplaces safer.

Let's be PRO!
Writing a memo to colleagues
A memorandum, or just memo, is used for communicating policies, procedures or
related official business within a company. Memos are usually designed in three
parts: a heading, the subject and date, and finally, the message itself. They are
usually fairly concise and efficient: the point of a memo is to get the message
across clearly and quickly.
Your job
You are a technician who regularly goes on-site to perform technical or electrical
maintenance for your company’s professional and/or individual clients. You
also manage and train other technicians. Lately, you have been shocked by the
number of technicians who were working in unsafe conditions or failing to report
hazards when on-site.
Your task
Write a company-wide memo to make your colleagues aware of the new safety
protocol which will come into effect next month.
The aims of this protocol are:
• to reduce the number of on-site accidents to zero by investigating all accidents and finding
ways to prevent them from happening again;
• to ensure that every employee possesses and consistently wears the appropriate personal
protective equipment (PPE) when performing a task;
• to ensure that all working conditions comply with the relevant standards;
• to increase the length of technicians’ training periods to up to six months;
• to increase awareness among technicians of what constitutes an unsafe working environment
and/or a hazard, and to encourage technicians to report on-site hazards to their safety
committee representatives.
KEY W ORDS
◗ awareness: conscience
Tips ◗ to blame: accuser
◗ to ensure that: s’assurer que
• Your note is aimed at your colleagues. The goal is to inform them ◗ to fail: échouer, manquer de
of the new protocol and to make sure that they understand why safety ◗ to investigate: enquêter sur
is so important. Your note must be factual but not condescending: ◗ to increase: augmenter
you are politely reminding and informing, not teaching. State the current ◗ PPE: équipement individuel
situation, explain what is wrong with it and what you all – as a team – need de protection
to do about it to make sure that everyone is working in safe conditions. ◗ a protocol: un protocole, une marche
à suivre
• State the situation using the present simple along with words ◗ to reduce: réduire
such as previously, currently, it has come to my attention that, as from ◗ relevant: applicable, pertinent(e)
next month… ◗ a training: une formation
• Use the passive voice to say what you have noticed without blaming
anybody.
• Give plenty of recommendations using should, could and would.

Check point
2 Fill in the gaps with the correct
words from exercise 1.
a. Workers should wear hard hats and goggles

to protect themselves.
1 Find the 12 words that are hidden in the grid
b. Without the appropriate PPE, workers could
horizontally, vertically and diagonally.
injure themselves.
K P H O K A H M A N D A T O R
c. It is important for companies to report and
G R T A N S A F E T Y J E L M
investigate every accident to make sure that
B O T R J K Z M E M U O L G K
it doesn’t happen again.
V T M O O G A A L F T Z E M G
J E B U B S R Z A G O Q C E Q d. Companies can take different security
measures to ensure everyone’s safety .
H C F D L T D Q C F I U T A U
A T T H E A L T H I E L R S B e. It is the companies’ responsibility to help workers
D B Z I N J U R E C W P O U B avoid risks and danger .
Y A Q A C C I D E N T H C R R f. On electrical sites, an easily preventable issue

J H N O N S I T E I P P U E S is electrocution .
N Y U G O P F J M S R F T S S
g. When going on-site , workers should
J S I D E C R G O O G L E S R
be aware of every hazard .
H V T T P R C D R V J S H C F
h. Many workplaces are partially or fully switching
S A T A V O I D K F G B D N K
to automation to accelerate production
and reduce the number of accidents.
3 Match the beginnings and ends of the following sentences.

a. We need to put more thought into safety • • 1. can be avoided by staying aware of one’s environment.
b. Many workplace accidents • • 2. we can find out what caused it and prevent it from
happening again.
c. Too many devices plugged into one • • 3. when designing a project.
multi-plug
d. If we investigate each accident • • 4. for making the workplace as safe as possible.
e. Employers are responsible • • 5. can cause it to overheat and catch fire.
# quiz time
21ind42
Potential issues: ◗ to overheat: surchauffer ◗ safety/steel-toed shoes: ◗ to eliminate a risk: éliminer

problèmes potentiels ◗ a risk: un risque des chaussures de sécurité / un risque
à embouts en acier ◗ to ensure safety: assurer
◗ to burn: brûler Equipment: équipement ◗ a safety switch: un interrupteur la sécurité
◗ to cause: causer de sécurité ◗ to find out: découvrir
◗ gloves: des gants
◗ to drop: faire tomber ◗ to investigate: investiguer,
◗ goggles: des lunettes de sécurité Safety measures:
◗ to fall: tomber mesures de sécurité
enquêter sur
◗ hard-wearing: durable
◗ a hazard: un danger ◗ to make sure that: s’assurer que
◗ hi-vis: à haute visibilité ◗ to be aware: être conscient
◗ to heat: chauffer ◗ to protect: protéger
◗ a jumpsuit: une combinaison ◗ to be responsible for:
◗ to hurt: faire mal ◗ to report a hazard: signaler
◗ Personal Protective Equipment être responsable de un danger
◗ to injure: blesser (PPE): équipement personnel ◗ to check: vérifier ◗ to solve a problem: résoudre
◗ an issue: un problème, de protection
une problématique ◗ to demonstrate: montrer, un problème
démontrer
Glossary p. 156

Technical UNIT
Instructions
and Quality 10
KEY W O R DS
1 Describe the picture above. Say where it was taken.
◗ to check: vérifier
I can see what looks like a factory or processing plant. An employee with a hi-vis vest, ◗ to control: contrôler
goggles and a hard hat is holding a tablet and seems to be checking something. ◗ an employee: un(e) employé(e)
◗ to ensure: s’assurer que
◗ a factory/a plant: une usine
◗ to hold: tenir
◗ a machine: une machine
2 Say what stage of the manufacturing process is represented ◗ a tablet: une tablette
in this picture. Explain what the goal of this process is. ◗ to use: utiliser
This could be the quality control stage. It is towards the end of the manufacturing
process. Its goal is to ensure that the products that leave the factory are up to standard,
with no errors or flaws. The woman could also be checking the equipment itself.
UNIT 10 - technicaL instructions and QuaLity • 113

To start with
ACTIVITY 1 Types of instruction manuals

1 Match the following instructions with the type of object that they refer to.
a. Set the program to 7 for a quick 20-minute wash. • • 1. windscreen-washing fluid

b. Open the car bonnet and find the cap with the windscreen logo, • • 2. a piece of clothing
then unscrew the cap and pour in the fluid up to the marked level.
c. Wash three times separately before mixing with other coloured items. • • 3. a watch
d. With the antenna fully extended, listen for a broadcast and set the • • 4. a radio
volume control to a comfortable listening level.
e. To change the time, pull the crown twice and turn the crown to the • • 5. a washing machine
desired time.
ACTIVITY 2 How many can you find?

2 Take one minute per sentence to find as many objects and/or types of object
as you can whose user manuals could contain each of the phrases below.
a • Do not leave within reach of children.

Anything sharp or toxic, from medicine to chainsaws.
b • For your convenience, this device comes with a storage pouch to hold the accessories.
Camera, computer…
c • To perform a factory default reset, insert a slim object such as the end of a paperclip
into the “RESET” hole at the back and push lightly.
Anything electronic.
d • On the back of your device, slide off the battery cover and insert two AA batteries.
Anything that uses batteries, such as a remote control, a torch or a portable speaker.
# audio
ACTIVITY 3 Explaining how it works foucherconnect.fr/
21ind57
3 Listen to the explanation, then describe the product and what it can be used for.
It’s a light, which can be used on its own as a torch or attached to the front of a bicycle or scooter.
4 Say how many steps must be taken to make the device function. List them.
Four steps: remove the plastic, remove the battery cover, insert batteries, press button.

❒ 4 seconds ❒ 14 seconds ❒ 40 seconds
114 • UNIT 10 - technicaL instructions and QuaLity

To start with
ACTIVITY 4 Leonardo da Vinci
6 Individually or in small groups, choose one drawing done by Leonardo da Vinci,

then imagine and explain what the invention is designed to do, who is meant to use
it and how it works.
ACTIVITY 5 Wallace and Gromit: the Tellyscope # vidéo

foucherconnect.fr/
21ind58
7 Explain what Wallace wants to do.
Wallace wants to turn on his television without moving from his couch.
8 Describe the steps involved in his invention.

He presses a button on the couch, which brings up a glove with a ball. He pulls the glove backwards and launches
the ball at the “Blackpool” picture above the television. The ball goes into the hole, down a spiral slide and
onto a wheel, which then ejects it onto another glove. The weight of the ball brings the glove down, which sets
a conveyor belt with cogs in motion. The television slowly trundles towards Wallace.
9 Explain why Wallace calls his invention “precision technology”.

Because the ball goes precisely into the hole in the picture, and because his invention worked on the first try.
10 Say what Gromit expects Wallace to do with the remote control, and what Wallace
does with it.
Gromit expects Wallace to use it to change channels in the usual fashion. Wallace uses it to change channels.
He puts it into the glove as a replacement for the ball.
11 List the pros and cons of the Tellyscope.
Pros Cons
It is efficient as long as there is a ball on the couch. There is only one ball, which you never see again.
It saves you moving from the couch to turn on the TV. When it goes wrong, it goes very wrong.
EXPRESS # vidéo
Watch the video. You are Joseph, the inventor of this
F
YOURSEL
foucherconnect.fr/
machine. Write the user manual for your section of this 21ind59
machine in order to explain to other people how to use it.
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ Put the X on the Y: Mettre X sur Y ◗ Once you have activated the X, Y will…:
◗ Use the X to trigger the Y: Utiliser X pour déclencher Y Une fois que vous aurez activé X, Y va…
Glossary p. 157

LEGO Ninjago Zeppelin: # vidéo

beyond the instructions foucherconnect.fr/
21ind60
Before watching
1 • Explain what Lego is and what you do with it.
Lego is a brand of plastic construction pieces, mostly bricks
0:00 1:41
that hurt your bare feet when left on the floor. You can buy
boxes to build specific items or just build whatever you like.
KEY W ORDS
◗ a blimp: un ballon dirigeable
2 • Say what your experience with Lego was like. Did/do you ◗ a hot-air balloon: une montgolfière
play with Lego? What sort of things did you like to build? ◗ a magnet: un aimant
◗ a motor: un moteur
I used to play with Lego. I never used the kits, however. I had
◗ nuts and bolts: des écrous
a big box of random pieces and no imagination, so I mostly built et des boulons
houses for my dolls. ◗ spare parts: des pièces détachées
◗ a rubber band: un élastique
◗ a trapdoor: une trappe
◗ to sail: naviguer
Understanding
1 Give the number and name of the model. 0:00 to 0:13 Say how many
2
pieces there are. 0:14 to 0:17
It’s called the 706-03 “Raid Zeppelin”.
There are 294 pieces.
3 Describe the elements included in the set. 0:18 to 0:32 Explain what the presenter
4
wants to do. 0:32 to 0.38
The set is a cross between a pirate ship and a blimp. Once completed,
the set includes three mini-figures, an additional ninja ice-flyer, firing He wants to make the pirate ship fly.
canons and a secret trapdoor.
5 Complete the different steps he follows to make this happen. 0:38 to 1:02
First, he removes the original blimp and creates space on the deck for his new parts .
He then uses Lego Technic pieces to make a large propellor and attaches it to a power functions motor .
Next, he attaches his propellor to a smaller motor and a gearbox for steering.
Finally, he adds the biggest helium balloon he can find and attaches it using a plastic drain plug and some
more Technic pieces.

Video 1
Say whether his modifications Repeat what he asked

6 7
were successful. 1.02 to 1.27 his viewers to do. 1.27 to the end
They were: he successfully flew the blimp across the room He asked them to explain how they would “go beyond
and out of the door. the instructions” in the comments below.
8 Explain what you think of this modification, and of the concept of going “beyond the instructions” in general.
I think the modification worked well in this case. The concept of going “beyond the instructions” is fun and interesting.
However, I don’t think this is something most Lego fans will be able to do at home, especially as the products are marketed
to 7-14-year-olds.
To go further, match the products with their intended modifications.

9 # vidéo
Then, watch the reference video and check. Beyond the instructions
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Products Modifications 21ind61
a. Batwing • • 1. make a travelling camera train

b. train set • • 2. motorise it and maximise speed
c. Star Wars spaceship • • 3. make it into a rollercoaster
d. drag racer • • 4. make it fly
e. Bugatti • • 5. make it drive fast
# speak up
SOUNDS AT WORK
audio + basic rules
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21ind62
1. Listen to the following words and mark 2. Explain what you notice about the stress
the stress. in these words.
invention construction section The stress is always on the syllable before the -tion,
documentation action contraption
or penultimate syllable. It has no link to the number
creation television precision
of syllables in the word.
G
FOR T H E
2. Pick one of the modified Lego sets in question 8 and watch the video.
EXAM
Explain, step-by-step, how the modifications were made and why.

Text
Japan’s Kobe Steel

indicted over fabricating
product quality data
Kobe Steel Ltd. [will face criminal charges] on suspicion of
falsifying data […]. Kobe Steel said in order to make it look
like their products met their clients’ specifications, they
deliberately falsified the strength and other data pertaining
5 to products, which were supplied to over 600 companies at
home and overseas. Data was manipulated at 23 domestic and
overseas plants, the report said. The company also admitted that
more than 40 employees [had been] involved in the falsification
practice […] since the 1970s when the misconduct first began at its
10 Tochigi Plant. […]
Companies ranging from automakers and airplane manufacturers, to defense Kobe Steel President,
equipment and Shinkansen bullet train makers, have been affected by the scandal that Hiroya Kawasaki, speaks
to media reporters.
has rocked the manufacturing world both domestically and globally. Investigations
revealed that Kobe Steel, initially, knowingly shipped at least 20,000 tons of aluminum
15 and copper products with fabricated inspection data. The products were sent to
around 200 companies. […]
In Japan, major railway operators Central Japan Railway and West Japan Railway have
stated that their Shinkansen bullet trains contained aluminum parts sourced from Kobe
Steel that did not meet industry standards. The railway operators have since taken
20 their own measures to rectify the potentially faulty components. Beyond automakers
and trains, Kobe Steel has also been implicated in fabricating data for aerospace and
defense-related products. Along with domestic firms such as Toyota Motor Corp.,
Nissan Motor Co., Honda Motor Co. and major Japanese railway operators, the scandal
has also affected overseas companies including General Motors Co., Ford Motor Co.,
25 Airbus and Boeing Co. These companies have also been undertaking investigations
to see if their products have been adversely affected by Kobe Steel’s erroneous data-
related practices. […]
Kobe Steel was founded in 1905 and has been a bastion of Japan’s manufacturing
sector. The revelations of the data fabrication scandal, […] however, have cast doubts
30 over corporate governance in the manufacturing industry and in Japan, and cast
serious aspersions over Japan’s once stellar reputation for precision manufacturing,
industry experts here said. […]
“Japan’s Kobe Steel indicted over fabricating product quality data,
scandal dates back to 1970s”, july 19, 2018, ©xinhuanet.com, D.R. ■
1 Read the text and find the facts.
Name and location of the company Kobe Steel, Japan
What the company did wrong data falsification
Consequences for the company criminal charges
Number of guilty factories 23


Text
2 Say what the following numbers correspond to.

600: number of customer companies affected.
40: number of employees involved.
1970s: date when the misconduct started.
20,000: delivered tons of aluminum and copper products with fabricated data.
200: number of recipient customer companies.
3 Match the words from the text with their French translation.
a. falsifying data • • 1. précisions

b. specifications • • 2. bouleverser
c. plants • • 3. cuivre
d. misconduct • • 4. usines
e. to rock • • 5. falsification de données
f. copper • • 6. une réputation impeccable
g. faulty components • • 7. mauvaise conduite
h. a bastion • • 8. un pilier
i. a stellar reputation • • 9. composants défectueux
4 Say what types of companies are affected.

Automakers, airplane manufacturers, defence equipment manufacturers, train manufacturers are affected.
5 Explain how each company mentioned suffered from the faulty metal.
Trains and cars contained or potentially contained faulty aluminum parts which could cause derailments, steering/
braking/accelerating issues, weaknesses in the framework, and other dangerous problems.
6 Say what the companies are doing about it.

Investigating and replacing parts where necessary.
7 Explain the effect of the scandal on the company and the country.
This is causing a hit to its reputation, and doubts about corporate governance in the manufacturing industry
and in Japan.
8 Find why the company falsified its data.

It wanted to make its products sound better than they were in reality so that specific customers would buy them.
9 Explain how quality control could have eliminated the problem.

Quality controllers would have run checks on the products and noticed the difference between the provided data
and the real thing.
EXPRESS Say if you would continue to buy merchandise from a company associated with
F
YOURSEL a scandal of any kind. How would you make your decision?
U S E F UL PHRASE S
◗ I would choose X over Y because…: ◗ Well, for me, it depends on what actually
Je choisirais X plutôt que Y, car… happened…: Eh bien, pour moi, cela dépend
◗ I think that it all depends on the scandal…: de ce qui s’est réellement passé…
Je pense que tout dépend du scandale…
Glossary p. 157

# vidéo
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Digital quality control

21ind63
in manufacturing
at e.GO Mobile
2:34
Before watching
1 • Describe the picture. What sort of factory was it 0:00
taken in?
KEY W ORDS
This picture seems to have been taken in a car manufacturing
◗ augmented reality (AR): la réalité
plant. A car is parked in a well-lit corridor. There are no workers augmentée
◗ to commute: aller de son domicile
around. à son travail
◗ to detect: détecter
2 • Guess how a quality control process can be conducted
◗ to manufacture: fabriquer
in a factory such as this one.
◗ to report: signaler
I imagine workers will check the car physically and perhaps
with the help of technology.
Understanding
Match the English words from the video 2 Say what type of video this is.
1
with their French translation.
This video is a promotional video for e.GO and Hewlett
a. a product • • 1. abordable
Packard Enterprise.
b. affordable • • 2. pratique
c. a plant • • 3. un défaut
d. practical • • 4. une usine
e. digitisation • • 5. un problème
f. a commuter • • 6. une marge 3 Find what e.GO manufactures. 0:00 to 0:05
g. a flaw • • 7. un(e) banlieusard(e)
e.GO manufactures electrical cars and one of them is the
h. missing • • 8. numérisation
e.GO Life.
i. an issue • • 9. un produit
j. a margin • • 10. à la main
k. manually • • 11. manquant
4 List the characteristics of the e.GO Life. 0:06 to 0:26
e.GO Life is tailored for urban usage and commuter transportation, very affordable for the masses, a lot of fun to drive,
practical for daily usage.

Video 2
5 Explain why digitisation is so important for e.GO. 0:27 to 0:50
It supports agile product development and is needed to be able to innovate while keeping the product affordable because
margins are low. The impact of change on production, service, etc. needs to be known before making a change.
6 Summarise the first part of the video by completing the text 0:00 to 0:50
The e.GO Life is tailored for urban usage and for commuter transportation . So that’s where the market
is, that’s how we differentiate . We make a car that is very affordable for the masses.
It needs to be a lot of fun to drive, it needs to be practical for daily usage, because we want to support
commuter drives. Digitisation is really instrumental for the success of our company .
First of all, because it supports agile product development . We have an affordable product . That means
margins are low. So if we want to include innovations , we need to be able, right from the start, to
understand what impact does it has downstream on production , on service , and so on, before
we include any change into our car.
Say how long each performance check 8 Say how long it used to take.
7
and quality check takes. 1:16 to 1:26
It used to take 45 minutes.
It takes 10 minutes.
9 Explain what the app does. 1:27 to 1:48 Say which revolution the last speaker
10
wants to take part in. 2:13 to the end
It uses augmented reality to support quality engineers
and allows them to automatically detect quality issues The electromobility revolution.
that previously had to be reported manually.
# speak up
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21ind64
1. Listen to the following words and mark 2. Explain what you notice about the stress
the stress. in these words.
quality maniability doability The stress is always placed two syllables before the -ity,
rarity practicality inventivity
or on the antepenultimate syllable. It has no link to
integrity longevity creativity
the number of syllables in the word.
G
FOR T H E
2. Explain how digitisation (augmented reality, telemetrics…) could help you

EXAM
in your current or future workplace.

Language at work
Les comparatifs et les superlatifs # grammar time

Réviser en vidéo
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21ind65
Observez les phrases suivantes. Traduisez ces phrases en français.
u Certains appareils sont plus sûrs à manipuler que

a. u Some devices are safer to manipulate than others. a.
d’autres.
u Les nouvelles inventions sont bien meilleures que

b. u New inventions are far better than older ones. b.
les anciennes.
u La meilleure façon de construire ceci est étape

c. u The best way to build this is step by step. c.
par étape.
u Cette invention est plus intéressante que celle-là.

d. u This invention is more interesting than that one. d.
Concluez.
u Dites comment on construit un comparatif On utilise -ER/R/IER pour indiquer une supériorité si l’adjectif est
a.
de supériorité. court ou more s’il est long.
Better est renforcé par far pour indiquer qu’il est « encore
b. u Dites ce qu’implique far.
meilleur ».
u The best est le superlatif de good. Citez d’autres The worst, the least, the furthest, the farthest, the first, the last.
c.
superlatifs irréguliers.
Grammar p. 142
Exercises
1 u Transform the sentences using a comparative 2 u Translate the sentences into English.
or a superlative.
a. Les nouvelles voitures sont bien plus économiques
a. The instructions for this smart watch are (hard)
que les anciennes.
the hardest I’ve ever seen!
New cars are far more economical than old ones.
b. This particular contraption is even (bad) worse
than before. It’s the (awful) most awful device
I’ve ever seen. b. Kobe Steel a falsifié ses données pour paraître meilleurs
c. If it doesn’t come when you pull, pull (hard) harder . qu’ils ne l’étaient.
d. For (good) best results, wash before use. Kobe Steel falsified its data to appear better than it was.
e. It would look (nice) nicer in a different colour,

don’t you think? c. Les améliorations de la qualité rendent les produits
f. It is (efficient) more/less efficient than we had plus sécurisés, plus efficaces et plus beaux.
expected. Quality improvements make products safer, more efficient

and more beautiful.

Let's be PRO!
Presenting a new work tool
Presentations are often needed in the world of work: employees, managers

and outside speakers often present new tools, statistics and information to
their colleagues. A good presentation doesn’t just require the speaker to know
his topic well, but also depends on physical criteria such as control over one’s
movements and gestures, a lack of visible signs of stress, good intonation and
voice control, and good interaction with the audience.
Even though most devices come with an instruction manual, it is often more
efficient to present the product orally than to ask every employee to read the
manual.
Your job
You are the Research and Development manager of a manufacturing plant. You
have recently discovered a new application called HighRate which you think
would be instrumental in improving productivity and efficiency in your factory.
This application uses augmented reality to visualise the finished product,
which would help the workers see how the parts fit together, and to detect
defects automatically, which would allow your quality control experts to save
time and to make sure all the defects are caught before the product is put
on the market. This application will require individual tablets, which you have
already ordered and which are supposed to be very simple to use.
Here is more information:
– both the tablets and the application are supposed to be simple and intuitive; Tips
– the application has been tested in similar factories to yours and has produced
• Your presentation is aimed
good results in terms of productivity and error rate;
at the people who will be
– it works by scanning the part or the product with the tablet, which will then using the product. The goal
compare the image with a standard image of the product, show how the part is to explain the product,
fits into the completed product and check for manufacturing or finishing but also to reassure them.
errors or defects. • Make sure to leave time
for questions at the end.
• Use the present simple
and future tenses to explain
how the product works and
Your task what benefits it will bring to
your organisation.
Present the new application to your • Use plenty of comparatives
colleagues. Explain what the product to show how working with
the app will be much better
is, why you chose it for the factory
and much more efficient
and how it works. than working without the app.
You can also use used to
and didn’t use to to show
how things will be different
compared to before.

Check point
1 Find the fourteen words that are hidden in the grid

horizontally and vertically.
K P R A C T I C A L Q M A I N K
C T H T S R H F H P C D R N V P Fill in the gaps with the correct
2
R E X C A A K K X J P M A S M J words from exercise 1.
E S U O F L G D U F R A L T F O a. An expert performs quality
A C B N E N T E B A O Q N R F L control to check if a device is safe
T I T T T S E V T C D N S U H T and to see if it has a flaw .
I L U R Y M I I U T U I M C E X
b. Quality is the standard of
V Z R O B E X C R O C E E T C S a product measured against other
E Y F L E A S E F R T X A I G B products of a similar kind.
I N V E N T I O N Y M P I O P S
c. A factory , also called a plant, must
J P E R F O R M A N C E I N F F
carefully check or control
G E P A C H E C K N K R B S L N
all of its products for performance
S T D R E K A K D Q S T K G A Q
and safety .
A N U Q C C Y B U E T Q C Q W E
d. This new invention is both
Q U A L I T Y H K U E B K X V U
practical and creative , and
comes with technical instructions
which you must follow to make it work.
3 Match these phrases.

a. Joseph’s invention was designed to • • 1. way ahead of his time.
b. Leonardo da Vinci’s inventions were • • 2. more dangerous than practical.
c. Wallace’s Tellyscope was • • 3. efficiently serve cake after the meal.
d. The Kobe Steel scandal involved • • 4. designed for commuters on their way to work.
e. e.GO Life is an electric car which was • • 5. data falsification and bad reputations.
# quiz time
21ind66
To make: fabriquer To check: vérifier To use: utiliser
◗ to create: créer ◗ a detection: une détection ◗ to activate: activer

◗ to design: concevoir ◗ efficiency: l’efficacité ◗ affordable: abordable
◗ development: développement ◗ a flaw: un défaut ◗ to fill: remplir
◗ digital: numérique ◗ an issue: un problème ◗ practical: pratique
◗ a factory: une usine ◗ performance: la performance ◗ to press: pousser
◗ an innovation: une innovation ◗ a quality assurance: une assurance qualité ◗ to pull: tirer
◗ to invent: inventer ◗ a quality control: un contrôle qualité ◗ to slide: faire glisser
◗ manual: à la main ◗ reliability: la fiabilité ◗ to turn on/off: allumer / éteindre
◗ to manufacture: fabriquer ◗ safety: la sécurité ◗ to trigger: déclencher

◗ a plant: une usine ◗ to wash: laver, nettoyer
Glossary p. 157

Method for the exam
Rendre compte d’un document audio ou vidéo

Give an account of an audio or video recording
Lors de l’épreuve d’évaluation de la compréhension de l’oral, qui dure 30 minutes, vous effectuez trois écoutes
d’un document audio ou vidéo d’une longueur maximum de 3 minutes. Vous devez en rendre compte par
écrit ou oralement en français.
A Première écoute
• Lisez le titre écrit au tableau avant d’écouter le document audio ou vidéo.
• Si c’est une vidéo, regardez l’écran : les images permettent de comprendre des éléments de la narration en
voix off ou des entretiens. Il ne s’agit pas de décrire les images.
• Identifiez le type de document : les informations, un reportage, un témoignage, un entretien, un extrait
d’une émission de radio, une conversation, une publicité, etc.
• Définissez le thème général du document. Cela vous permet d’anticiper des mots que vous connaissez
déjà. Par exemple, si l’enregistrement porte sur la protection de l’environnement, vous allez sans doute
entendre : pollution, electric, wind turbine, global warming, climate change…
• Soyez attentif à tous les indices sonores à votre disposition : musique, bruits, etc.
• Après la première écoute, vous disposez d’un laps de temps pour reconstituer le sens général du document
à partir des mots et des groupes de mots que vous avez notés.
B Deuxième écoute
• Repérez les informations essentielles :
– le lieu où l’action se déroule : le pays, la ville, la campagne, l’entreprise… ;
– le moment où celle-ci a lieu : la date, l’année, le mois, le matin, la nuit… ;
– les personnes mentionnées : leur nom, leur métier, les liens entre elles... ;
– les faits marquants, les événements principaux.
• Les mots importants sont répétés et mis en valeur par l’intonation.
• Ne paniquez pas si vous ne comprenez pas tout. Concentrez-vous sur ce dont vous êtes certain.
C Troisième écoute
• Complétez et vérifiez vos notes.
• Séparez opinions et points de vue de ce qui fournit des informations factuelles.
D Organisez votre présentation

• Commencez par une courte introduction comportant : la nature de l’enregistrement, le thème général,
les personnes qui parlent et de qui il s’agit.
• Définissez l’objectif visé. Montrez que vous comprenez les intentions du locuteur : décrire, expliquer,
informer, critiquer, dénoncer, divertir, etc.
• Hiérarchisez les idées en distinguant les idées principales des idées secondaires ou des détails.
• On n’attend pas uniquement un repérage de mots, mais leur mise en relation : problèmes et solutions,
causes et conséquences, avantages et inconvénients…
• Présentez le contenu du document sans jugement, ni commentaire personnel.
• Faites une phrase de conclusion.

• L’important est de restituer tout ce que vous avez compris de l’enregistrement.
METHOD FOR THE EXAM • 125

Method for the exam
Décrire et comparer des documents visuels

Describe and compare visual documents
Au cours de l’épreuve d’expression orale, vous êtes amené à présenter et à analyser un ou des documents
iconographiques. Suivez les différentes étapes.
A Déterminez le type et l’origine

This photo is probably taken from a magazine. Cette photo est probablement tirée d’un magazine.
The chart may have been published in a newspaper. Ce tableau a peut-être été publié dans un journal.
The drawing must be from a catalogue. Le dessin doit être tiré d’un catalogue.
B Définissez son sujet et son but

It is about... Il s’agit de… Le sujet / thème est…
It deals with the fact that… Cela traite du fait que…
The picture raises the question of whether… L’image soulève la question de savoir si…
The drawing aims at criticising… Le dessin vise à critiquer…
The goal of the photograph is to… Le but de la photographie est de…
It introduces the idea that... Elle introduit l’idée que…
C Décrivez l’image
In the picture, I can see a high-speed train. Sur l’image je vois un train à grande vitesse.
The ad/advert(isement) shows a power station. La pub(licité) montre une centrale électrique.
The graph presents the results over ten years. Le graphique présente les résultats sur dix ans.
In the foreground / in the background Au premier plan / en arrière-plan
At the top / bottom of the drawing En haut / en bas du dessin
In the middle of the ad Au milieu de la pub
On the left / right of the magazine cover À gauche / droite de la couverture de magazine
D Utilisez le temps qui convient

• Utilisez le présent continu be + V-ing pour décrire ce que vous voyez.
The technician is machining a part. Le technicien usine une pièce.
• Utilisez le présent simple pour décrire les apparences.
The process looks dangerous. Le processus a l’air dangereux.
• Pour exprimer des hypothèses utilisez may / might, can / could.
She may be waiting for the opening. Il se pourrait qu’elle attende l’ouverture.
They could be working on a new project. Il se pourrait qu’ils travaillent sur un nouveau projet.
126 • METHOD FOR THE EXAM

Method for the exam
E Décrivez un graphique
This table lists the top ten companies in the industrial world. Ce tableau dresse la liste des dix premières
entreprises du monde industriel.
This pie chart represents the company’s turnover. Ce camembert représente le chiffre d’affaires de l’entreprise.
This line chart depicts the changes in sales over the past year. Ce diagramme linéaire représente les
changements dans les ventes au cours de la dernière année.
The flow chart shows the progress of material through the steps of the manufacturing process. Cet
organigramme montre la progression du matériau dans le processus de fabrication.
• Tendances à la hausse Upward trends

We can see from this chart that results have been high. Nous voyons d’après ce graphique que les résultats
ont été élevés.
The diagram outlines growth rates. Le diagramme souligne les taux de croissance.
The company has increased its turnover. L’entreprise a augmenté son chiffre d’affaires.
Results have been up by 5% this year. Les résultats ont augmenté de 5 % cette année.
They made a profit of two million dollars. Ils ont engrangé deux millions de dollars.
• Tendances à la baisse Downward trends

They have lost millions of euros. Ils ont perdu des millions d’euros.
Increased competition is leading to lower prices. La concurrence accrue entraîne les prix à la baisse.
Results are below expectations. Les résultats sont en-dessous des attentes.
F Mentionnez les similitudes

on the one hand… on the other hand d’une part… d’autre part
by / in comparison en comparaison
compared to comparé à
in the same way / likewise de la même manière
The two pictures depict the same activity: the delivery of goods. Les deux images décrivent la même
activité : la livraison de marchandises.
This is mirrored in... Ceci est reflété dans…
It is equally significant in the two pictures. C’est également significatif dans les deux images.
G Soulignez les différences

In terms of differences, the first picture shows… whereas / while the second one describes… En termes de
différences, la première image montre… alors que la deuxième décrit…
The documents contrast two different theories. Les documents opposent deux théories différentes.
This is not the case in… Ce n’est pas le cas dans…
On the contrary, this is the case in... Au contraire, c’est le cas dans…
In contrast to the situation six months ago… À la différence de la situation d’il y a six mois…
H Donnez votre point de vue personnel

The picture gives the impression of… L’image donne l’impression de…
I find the photo interesting because it presents a professional situation involving several people. Je trouve
la photo intéressante parce qu’elle présente une situation professionnelle impliquant plusieurs personnes.

Method for the exam
Choisir des documents pour l’épreuve orale

Choosing documents for the oral exam
Selon votre BTS, l’évaluation de l’expression orale en continu prend appui sur trois documents en anglais,
d’une page maximum, que vous aurez sélectionnés. Ils doivent être en lien avec le thème de votre stage ou
de votre activité professionnelle.
A Identifiez le type de document

• Le document technique peut être :
a catalogue un catalogue
maintenance instructions une notice de maintenance
an installation guide une notice d’installation
a maintenance logbook un carnet d’entretien
a malfunction report / investigation report un rapport d’incident / d’enquête
a product data sheet / brief un dossier de produit / la notice d’un produit
a parts list une nomenclature de composants…
• L’extrait de la presse écrite ou d’un site d’information scientifique ou généraliste peut être :
an advertising broadsheet un dépliant publicitaire
an internal news sheet un journal interne
the presentation of a product or a service la présentation d’un produit ou d’un service
the description of a job la description d’un emploi
the new product of the month le nouveau produit du mois
a trade newsletter / journal une lettre / revue d’informations professionnelles
an advertising brochure/leaflet un dépliant publicitaire…
• Le document visuel peut être :

the diagram of an engine le schéma d’un moteur
statistics on manufacturing anomalies des statistiques sur les anomalies de fabrication
the map of the company’s shop floor le plan de l’atelier de l’entreprise
the organisation of the production chain l’organisation de la chaîne de production
a connecting / wiring diagram un schéma de montage / de câblage
a troubleshooting chart un tableau de recherche de pannes…
B Trouvez ces documents

• Durant votre stage, pensez à collecter des documents en anglais sur l’entreprise :
– the presentation of the company la présentation de l’entreprise,
– comments on the field of activity des commentaires sur son champ d’activité.
• Vous pouvez aussi prendre des photographies du site, de l’atelier où vous avez travaillé, d’une machine,
d’une pièce que vous avez usinée, etc.
• Si, pour des raisons de sécurité, vous n’obtenez pas l’autorisation de l’entreprise d’utiliser ces documents,
tournez-vous vers la presse spécialisée ou les sites d’entreprises en anglais.
C Délimitez le champ de recherche

Avant de vous lancer, analysez votre sujet de départ afin de délimiter le périmètre de recherche. Posez-vous les
questions : Quels sont les thèmes possibles dans le cadre de mon stage ou de mon expérience professionnelle ?
Quels types d’articles ?

Method for the exam
Deux exemples :
• Stage de technicien de maintenance Training as a maintenance technician

maintenance management la gestion de la maintenance
maintenance in a competitive environment la maintenance dans un environnement concurrentiel
the cost of maintenance le coût de la maintenance
common maintenance issues/problems les problèmes courants de maintenance
innovations in the field of maintenance les innovations dans le domaine de la maintenance…
• Stage d’usinage industriel Training in industrial machining

custom metal manufacturing la fabrication de produits en métal sur mesure
customers’ expectations: quality, delivery speed les attentes des clients : qualité, rapidité de livraison
how to meet customers’ specific demands comment répondre aux demandes spécifiques des clients
how to maximise the use of machines comment optimiser l’utilisation des machines
how an SME can remain competitive comment une PME peut rester compétitive
competition in the spare parts market la concurrence sur le marché des pièces de rechange…
D Adoptez une stratégie de recherche en ligne

• Dans les moteurs de recherche, l’énoncé doit être exprimé en une phrase courte à l’aide de termes
significatifs. Évitez les mots vides tels que les articles, les prépositions, les pronoms, etc. N’utilisez que des
lettres minuscules non accentuées.
• Cherchez la traduction de ces mots clés en langue anglaise ainsi qu’un ou plusieurs synonymes ou termes
associés. Utilisez un dictionnaire de traduction, tel que linguee.fr qui fournit de nombreux exemples en contexte.
Par exemple, si vous tapez « optimiser l’outil industriel » vous trouverez to optimise its industrial tool, to
enhance our industrial facilities through an optimised supply chain, to optimise management of production
facilities, ce qui vous permet de faire de recherches avec d’autres mots clés.
• Faites un tableau récapitulatif dans lequel vous inscrivez le titre, le sujet et la source de chaque document
trouvé.
E Vérifiez la fiabilité des documents

Les ressources du Web sont innombrables, mais leur qualité est extrêmement variable et l’information y est
volatile. Pour vérifier la fiabilité des sources, posez-vous ces questions :
– Est-ce que je connais la provenance de l’information ?
– L’auteur est-il fiable ? Qu’a-t-il écrit d’autres ? Est-il reconnu par la profession ?
– Son avis est-il objectif ou subjectif ? Cherche-t-il à persuader ou à convaincre ? Est-ce un militant plus qu’un
chercheur ?
– Les chiffres indiqués sont-ils officiels et véridiques ? Ces informations et les chiffres indiqués sont-ils toujours
d’actualité ?
Des liens sûrs

• BBC: www.bbc.com/news/technology • Science Central: www.sciencentral.com/video/
• The Guardian: www.theguardian.com/ category/technology
technology/series/techweekly • Popular Science: www.popsci.com
• The Naked Scientists: www. • Popular Mechanics: www.popularmechanics.
thenakedscientists.com com
• NewScientist: www.newscientist.com • New Atlas: www.newatlas.com/technology
• EuroNews: www.euronews.net/sci-tech • EurekAlert!: www.eurekalert.org
• IEEE Spectrum: www.spectrum.ieee.org

Method for the exam
Rendre compte de documents écrits à l’oral

Give an oral account of written documents
Lors de l’évaluation de l’expression orale en continu vous devez rendre compte d’un ensemble de trois documents
sur un même thème. Selon votre BTS, soit le jury vous remet un dossier et vous disposez de 30 minutes pour
préparer votre présentation, soit vous présentez le dossier que vous avez constitué. Votre prise de parole en
continu est de 5 minutes, suivie de 10 minutes d’interaction.
A Identifiez les documents

• Le type : an article un article, a column un éditorial, directions for use un mode d’emploi, a report un rapport,
statistics des statistiques…
• Les images : a diagram un schéma, a chart un tableau, computer graphics une infographie, a graph un
graphique, a map un plan, a photograph une photographie…
• Le sens du titre qui est souvent elliptique (ni article ni auxiliaire) ou basé sur un jeu de mots.
Par exemple, le titre “Some Plain Talk About Nuts and Bolts” parle « d’écrous et de boulons » mais peut aussi
vouloir dire des « détails pratiques », des « rudiments ».
• La date de publication et le pays d’origine pour situer le document dans le temps ou le mettre en rapport
avec un événement que vous connaissez.
• La source : an Internet site un site Internet, a newspaper un journal, specialised press la presse spécialisée,
a weekly magazine un hebdomadaire…
B Lisez les documents

• Ne vous laissez pas arrêter par un mot que vous ne comprenez pas. Le contexte vous permet d’en trouver
le sens de manière logique.
• Soyez attentifs aux mots que vous croyez connaître, mais qui sont à l’origine d’erreurs, car vous pouvez
les confondre avec d’autres mots ressemblants.
Par exemple, “You must see to it that the work is completed by 6” ne veut pas dire « Vous devez voir que le
travail est complété par six personnes » mais « Vous devez veiller à ce que le travail soit terminé à 6 heures
au plus tard ». To see to n’a pas le même sens que to see ; to complete veut dire « terminer » et by est ici
une préposition de temps.
• Distinguez ce qui relève des opinions et points de vue exprimés par :
– des adjectifs et des adverbes positifs ou négatifs : respectful / disrespectful, excellent / ridiculous,
fortunately /unfortunately, politically correct / incorrect…
– des verbes et expressions d’opinion : I believe, I think, in my opinion, I regret, I was happy to learn, no
doubt, it is likely to, I wonder whether, I agree / disagree with…
– des auxiliaires de modalité : may, must, should, will…
C Présentez les documents

• Commencez par une courte introduction qui indique l’origine, la date de publication, le titre et le sujet.
Vous n’êtes pas tenu(e) de conserver l’ordre du dossier.
The first document is an article / a column by… Le premier document est un article / éditorial de…
The second document is entitled… Le titre du second document est…
It is taken from the issue of… dated… Il est extrait du numéro du… daté…

Method for the exam
• Définissez le thème commun

The articles deal with the fact that… Les articles parlent du fait que…
The documents provide major information about… Les documents fournissent des informations essentielles
sur…
The main point the documents raise is that… Le point essentiel que ces articles soulèvent est que…
What these documents have in common is… Ce que ces documents ont en commun c’est…
The core of the issue lies in the fact that… Le cœur du problème réside dans le fait que…
• Montrez les points communs et les différences entre les documents

They give the same / a similar viewpoint. Ils donnent la même opinion / une opinion similaire.
A parallel can be drawn between… and… On peut établir un parallèle entre… et…
Both documents take the same approach. Les deux documents ont la même approche.
The article deals with the other side of the question. L’article aborde l’autre aspect de la question.
We must make a distinction between... and... Nous devons faire la différence entre... et...
In terms of differences, the picture shows that… whereas the article indicates that… En termes de différences
l’image montre que… alors que l’article indique que…
D Donnez votre opinion

Another way of looking at this question is... Une autre manière d’aborder la question est...
There is also a seamy / bright side to the problem. Il y a aussi une face sombre / positive au problème.
Opinions are divided on that question. Les opinions sont partagées sur le sujet.
There are advantages but drawbacks too. Il y a des avantages mais aussi des inconvénients.
There is no definite / clear-cut answer. Il n’y a pas de réponse définitive / claire.
It is difficult to make a choice / difference. Il est difficile de faire le choix / la différence.
The very opposite may well be true. Le contraire peut tout aussi bien être vrai.
E Proposez des solutions

We should face up to the challenge. Nous devrions faire face au défi.
They would stand more chance of succeeding if... Ils auraient plus de chances de réussir si...
The increasing difficulties could be solved. Ces difficultés croissantes pourraient être résolues.
A way to make things change would be to... Une manière de faire changer les choses serait de...
A means of improving the situation could be to... Un moyen d’améliorer la situation pourrait être de...
The gap between... and... needs to be bridged. Le fossé entre... et... doit être comblé.
F Faites une phrase de conclusion

Votre conclusion ne doit pas être une répétition de ce que vous avez déjà dit mais ouvrir des perspectives ou
fournir une manière personnelle d’envisager les choses.
To conclude, I would like to say that... Pour conclure, j’aimerais dire que…
I am going to conclude by saying that… Je vais conclure en disant que...
That was my conclusion. Thank you. C’est ma conclusion. Merci.

Method for the exam
S’exprimer lors de l’épreuve orale

Express yourself during the oral exam
Lors de l’évaluation de l’expression orale en interaction, le jury vous pose des questions sur ce que vous venez
de dire et vous demande des explications ou des informations complémentaires. Il ne s’agit pas de vérifier vos
compétences techniques, mais d’évaluer votre capacité à réagir et à communiquer en anglais.
A Montrez que vous comprenez ou pas

Really? Vraiment ? Right, OK! D’accord !
I see what you mean. Do you mean that...? Je vois ce que vous voulez dire. Voulez-vous dire que... ?
I’m afraid I didn’t quite understand what you said. Je crains de ne pas avoir bien compris ce que vous disiez.
Would you mind repeating your question? Cela vous gênerait-il de répéter votre question ?
B Utilisez des stratégies d’expression

• Laissez-vous le temps de réfléchir.
Well... Eh bien… How shall I put it? Comment dire ?
You know Vous savez By the way Au fait Actually En fait
Let me think / see! Laissez-moi réfléchir / voir !
• Formulez des périphrases, reformulez.
In other words Autrement dit
May I suggest that...? Puis-je suggérer que… ?
Before I forget, I would like to say that... Avant que je n’oublie, j’aimerais dire que…
• Donnez des exemples, illustrez.
for example / for instance par exemple
such as tel(les) que
• Utilisez des expressions toutes faites (stock phrases)
Everybody knows that... Tout le monde sait que…
Everywhere in the world… Partout dans le monde…
C Exprimez votre opinion

• Donnez votre point de vue
In my opinion / To my mind, À mon avis / Selon moi,
As far as I am concerned, ... En ce qui me concerne, ...
I, personally, think that... Je pense personnellement que...
I can’t believe that... Je ne peux croire que....
I wonder if... Je me demande si...
To tell you the truth… Pour vous dire la vérité…
I’d like to point out that... J’aimerais mettre en avant le fait que...
All I can say is that…Tout ce que je peux dire, c’est que…
• Exprimez votre accord
I agree with you on this point. Je suis d’accord avec vous sur ce point.
I suppose so. Je suppose que oui.
I think you are quite right. Je pense que vous avez tout à fait raison.
I admit that... J’admets que… I am convinced that... Je suis convaincu(e) que…

I’ve always thought that... J’ai toujours pensé que…

Method for the exam
• Exprimez vos doutes

I agree up to a point / certain extent. Je suis d’accord jusqu’à un certain point / une certaine limite.
It could / may be right. Cela pourrait être vrai.
We can’t say for certain that... On ne peut affirmer avec certitude que…
One should weigh the pros and the cons. Il faudrait peser le pour et le contre.
We should think of the consequences. Il faudrait penser aux conséquences.
• Exprimez votre désaccord
I disagree with this idea. Je ne suis pas d’accord avec cette idée.
I don’t think so. Je ne pense pas.
I suppose not. Je suppose que non.
I don’t share this point of view. Je ne partage pas ce point de vue.
I do not believe it is right to... Je ne pense pas que ce soit bien / juste de...
D Améliorez votre accent

• Il n’y a pas nécessairement de correspondance entre la manière dont un mot s’écrit et celle dont il se
prononce en anglais. En effet :
– une voyelle peut se prononcer de manières différentes.
Par exemple, la voyelle i se prononce : /i/ dans children, mais /ai/ dans child.
– un même son peut s’écrire de manières différentes.
Par exemple, le son /i:/ s’écrit : i dans machine, mais ee dans tree, e dans extreme, ea dans reason,
ie dans believe, ei dans receive, ey dans key, eo dans people.
Entraînez-vous à prononcer correctement ces mots souvent écorchés par les francophones :
study, video, money, wind, country, cowboy, Britain, young, heart, blood, recipe…
• Certaines lettres ne sont jamais prononcées :
– L dans wou(l)d, cou(l)d, shou(l)d, wa(l)k, ha(l)f ;
– K dans (k)nee, (k)now ;
– T dans cas(t)le, lis(t)en, Chris(t)mas ;
– B dans plum(b)er, de(b)t, dou(b)t, su(b)tle.
• Tout mot porte un accent tonique (stress).
– Le secret du fameux « accent anglais » est de respecter l’alternance des formes accentuées (fortes) et
non accentuées (faibles).
– Une voyelle non accentuée est le plus souvent réduite à /əə/, le son vocalique le plus fréquent de l’anglais.
ə’pinion, craftsmən, ’Chinə, Jə’pan, ’Itəly, ’secənd, ’Britən.
• Voici des sites qui vous permettront d’améliorer votre prononciation et d’enrichir votre vocabulaire :
– BBC: Learning English;
– British Council: Learn English;
– English Listening Lesson Library Online.
E Développez vos compétences de communication

• Portez attention à la manière dont vous vous tenez et développez votre technique pour capter l’attention.
Regardez votre interlocuteur en face afin d’établir un contact visuel.
• Surveillez votre voix : il ne faut ni crier, ni murmurer, mais projeter votre voix suffisamment pour être audible.
• L’intonation la plus courante est descendante : c’est le cas pour toutes les phrases déclaratives (statements)
et les questions ouvertes (WH- questions).
• Exercez-vous régulièrement à l’entretien en vous enregistrant, en vous réécoutant, ou en travaillant avec
des camarades en ligne.

Method for the exam
Parler de son expérience professionnelle

Talking about your professional experience
Lors de l’évaluation orale, la présentation de votre expérience professionnelle doit être à la fois factuelle et
personnelle quant à votre retour sur expérience.
A Présentez l’entreprise et vos missions

I did a two-week work placement in (name, type, size, location, origin, turnover). J’ai effectué un stage de
deux semaines à (nom, type, taille, adresse, origine, chiffre d’affaires).
During my practical training, I was entrusted with... Pendant mon stage pratique, on m’a confié...
I was in charge of / responsible for... J’avais la responsabilité de… J’étais responsable de...
I was given the chance to... On m’a donné l’opportunité de...
My internship consisted in observing and helping my colleagues with their tasks. Mon stage a consisté à
observer et à aider mes collègues dans leurs tâches.
B Mentionnez les compétences acquises

To do that job, drive and motivation were necessary. Pour faire ce travail, l’énergie et la motivation furent
nécessaires.
I also needed self-discipline and confidence. Je devais aussi être auto-discipliné(e) et confiant(e).
I had to make decisions, find solutions to problems, and work in a team. J’ai dû prendre des décisions, trouver
des solutions et travailler en équipe.
I was required to meet deadlines. On m’a demandé de tenir les délais.
I had to be organised to avoid errors. Je devais être organisé(e) pour éviter les erreurs.
I needed to be ready to learn. Je devais toujours être prêt(e) à apprendre.
C Dites quels ont été les résultats

• Les résultats positifs
I benefited from this experience. J’ai tiré bénéfice de cette expérience.
I enjoyed having colleagues help me. J’ai aimé que des collègues m’aident.
It showed me what working life was like. Cela m’a montré ce qu’était la vie au travail.
It enabled me to have a better approach to the world of work. Cela m’a permis d’avoir une meilleure approche
du monde du travail.
A training period can be the right way to a job offer. Un stage peut être le bon moyen d’obtenir une offre
d’emploi.
• Les difficultés rencontrées
I ran out of time. J’ai manqué de temps.
I was involved in too many missions. J’ai été impliqué(e) dans de trop nombreuses missions.
I didn’t like the tasks I had to do. Je n’ai pas aimé les tâches que je devais faire.
D Dites quelles sont vos perspectives

It confirms my career orientation. Cela confirme mon orientation.
It encourages me to renew the experience. Cela m’encourage à renouveler cette expérience.
I’d like to start my own business. J’aimerais monter ma propre affaire.
I see myself working in a small company. Je me vois bien travailler dans une petite entreprise.
I would agree to travel / work from home /work in a team. J’accepterais de voyager / de travailler de chez
moi / de travailler en équipe.

Method
CV
Mr. Matthieu Tilerie
Your personal information:
22 rue de la gare
First name, Surname,
31000 Toulouse
address, email address
m.tilerie@gmail.com
and phone number
(+33) 6 95 22 65 10
Education
2023 – 2nd year of a two-year college degree in digital systems
with a specialisation in computer science and networks
Studies (starting from
2022 – 1st year of a two-year college degree in digital systems the most recent diploma)
with a specialisation in computer science and networks
2021 – Vocational high school diploma with a specialisation
in digital systems
Experience
November 2022 – CERTI events
5-week work placement as a Webmaster
Responsibilities and achievements in the position: I helped Every type of work
to create the design of the company’s website and develop experience you have had:
the applications necessary for the web editor to be able to work placement, summer
publish contents. jobs, student jobs...
May 2022 – NFA telecom Starting with the most
5-week work placement as a Web integrator recent.
Responsibilities and achievements in the position: I integrated
text, audio and video files in HTML and CSS pages to create
a new visual identity for the company.
Skills
Computer literacy: Proficient in the most widely used Web
designing softwares, daily use of Word, Excel and PowerPoint
Languages
Computer skills Language
French: native speaker mastery Driving licence…
English: upper intermediate (B2 – C1 level)
German: basic knowledge (A2 level)
Driving licence
Full clean driving licence
Interests
Comics, movies, travelling and Japanese culture Hobbies
Running and playing basketball
References Contacts of your former

Available upon request employers or teachers

Method
Rédiger une lettre de motivation

Writing a cover letter
La lettre de motivation (cover letter) accompagne votre CV. Elle permet de vous présenter et de mettre en avant les
qualités qui font de vous le bon employé pour ce poste et les raisons pour lesquelles vous postulez.
Job ad
Managing a computer network in Sheffield. Full-time. Permanent. £22,000-25,000 a year. You will ensure the smooth
running of our computer network in our main office in Sheffield city centre. We expect you to install, set up, manage,
and maintain our computer network, constantly improving our systems. Knowledge of computer protection, good
communication skills and practical experience are essential. Apply to Mary Jenkins, Human Resources manager.
Mr. Scott Wilkins

Sender’s name,
45 Eastbourne Road
address, phone
Sheffield S10 2NS
number and email
07 21 33 87 5904
address
wilkins_scott@gmail.com
Ms. Mary Jenkins
Addressee’s name,
Human Resources manager
position, company
Lloyds Ltd
and address
Central Court, Sheffield
February 11th, 2021 Date
Dear Ms. Jenkins, Polite greeting
I’m interested in the position of computer network manager based in
Reference to the
Central Court as advertised on www.indeed.co.uk. This is exactly the
position advertised
position I am looking for and I’d be happy to work for your company.
I have experience as a computer network manager. I worked for Aviva
Broker UK during my studies and I was in charge of the company’s entire
computer network, composed of 120 computers. During this time I:
– increased security by setting up new firewalls and antivirus solutions; Experience and
– trained the employees in using the network, which increased their achievements
productivity (reducing malfunctioning and calls to the IT support team);
– established excellent relations with our suppliers, thus allowing the
company to reduce their costs in computer equipment.
I would enjoy the challenge of working for such a high-profile company
as yours and admire your willingness to always innovate. I can assure
you that my experience, industry knowledge and track record to date Motive for
make me a strong candidate for this role. I am at ease with leading a applying
team but also working in a team, and I am eager to put my knowledge
to the service of your company as well as to learn from it.
Please find attached my CV for further details. Reference to CV
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Formal ending
Yours sincerely,
Scott Wilkins Sender’s name
and handwritten
signature
Enclosure: CV Enclosed document

Grammar
Grammar
Le groupe nominal
1 Quels noms sont toujours singuliers ?
• Matières : paper le papier, iron le fer, oil le pétrole, coal le charbon
Pour un élément : a cup of une tasse de, a glass of un verre de, a bottle of une bouteille de
• Ensembles : advice des conseils, evidence des preuves, news des nouvelles, information des informations, fruit des fruits
Pour un élément : a piece of
• Notions abstraites : freedom la liberté, happiness le bonheur, unemployment le chômage, work le travail
• Nom en -ics, -ty, –ing: aeronautics l’aéronautique, society la société, computing l’informatique
Certains noms changent de sens s’ils sont dénombrables ou indénombrables : room de la place / a room une pièce,
business les affaires / a business une entreprise, paper le papier / a paper un journal, glass le verre / glasses des lunettes
2 Quels noms sont invariables ?

• Objets en deux parties : jeans un jean, pyjamas un pyjama, trousers un pantalon, scissors des ciseaux
• Noms collectifs : people les gens, clothes les vêtements, customs la douane, police la police, stairs les escaliers,
staff les employés, goods les marchandises, accounts la comptabilité
• Singulier/pluriel identiques : a sheep / sheep un / des moutons, a fish / fish un / des poissons, a fruit / fruit un / des fruits
3 Comment choisir l’article ?

u Dénombrable
• Indéterminé singulier : a / an Ú a flying car une voiture volante
• Déterminé singulier : the Ú The company’s policy la politique de l’entreprise
• Indéterminé pluriel : Ø Ú Ø technicians les techniciens
• Déterminé pluriel : the Ú The worries of work les soucis au travail
u Indénombrable
• Indéterminé : Ø Ú I prefer Ø teamwork. Je préfère le travail d’équipe.
• Déterminé : the Ú It’s the time for change. C’est l’heure du changement.
4 Comment faire un nom composé ?

Le premier terme sert à qualifier le second et est toujours invariable :
• un nom : exhaust fumes les gaz d’échappement
• un adjectif : a green house une serre
• un nom verbal : flying speed la vitesse de vol
• un chiffre : a six-shooter un revolver à six coups
• un verbe : know-how le savoir-faire
• une particule : on-lookers des spectateurs
Le second terme est l’élément essentiel et peut être :
• un nom : corporate culture la culture d’entreprise, the job market le marché du travail
• un nom verbal : decision-making la prise de décision, air conditioning l’air conditionné

• une particule : hands-on innovation l’innovation de terrain, grown-ups des adultes
GRAMMAR • 137
Grammar
5 Comment former les chiffres ?

1 one 10 ten 11 eleven 21 twenty-one 100 one / a hundred
2 two 20 twenty 12 twelve 22 twenty-two 200 two hundred
3 three 30 thirty 13 thirteen 23 twenty-three 2,000 two thousand
4 four 40 forty 14 fourteen 24 twenty-four 20,000 twenty thousand
5 five 50 fifty 15 fifteen 25 twenty-five 200,000 two hundred thousand
6 six 60 sixty 16 sixteen 26 twenty-six 2,000,000 two million
7 seven 70 seventy 17 seventeen 27 twenty-seven 20,000,000 twenty million
8 eight 80 eighty 18 eighteen 28 twenty-eight 200,000,000 two hundred million
9 nine 90 ninety 19 nineteen 29 twenty-nine 2,000,000,000 two billion
And se place devant les dizaines ou les unités : 252 two hundred and fifty-two
6 Comment repérer la place dans une série ?

1st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first 31st thirty-first
2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty-second 200th two hundredth
3rd third 13th thirteenth 23rd twenty-third 300th three hundredth
4th fourth 14th fourteenth 40th fortieth 400th four hundredth
7 Comment donner une date ?

• La date peut s’écrire : March 23rd, 2026 ou 23 March 2026.
• Les années se lisent par groupes de deux chiffres : 2024 twenty twenty-four.
8 Comment évoquer deux éléments ?

• Point commun : both Ú They both set up a business. Ils ont tous les deux créé une entreprise.
• L’un ou l’autre : either Ú On either side of the street D’un côté ou de l’autre de la rue
• Choix entre deux : either… or Ú Either you stay or you go. Ou tu restes, ou tu pars.
• Négation de deux éléments : neither Ú I know neither of them. Je ne les connais ni l’un ni l’autre.
• Deux négations : neither… nor Ú He neither works nor helps. Il ne travaille pas et n’aide pas non plus.
9 Comment exprimer une petite quantité ?

u Un peu
• Indénombrable : a little Ú He gave her a little advice. Il lui a donné quelques conseils.
• Dénombrable : a few Ú A few people work here. Quelques personnes travaillent ici.
u Peu
• Indénombrable : little Ú We have little time. Nous avons peu de temps.
• Dénombrable : few Ú Few projects are ready. Peu de projets sont prêts.
138 • GRAMMAR
Grammar
10 Comment exprimer une quantité indéterminée ?

• Quantité non précisée : some Ú Some people Certaines personnes
• Éventail d’éléments : any Ú I’ll take any job. Je prendrai n’importe quel boulot.
• Absence : no / not any Ú There was no / not any time. Il n’y avait pas de / le temps.
• Réponse affirmative attendue : some Ú Do you want some tea? Tu prendras bien du thé ?
• Réponse négative attendue : any Ú Aren’t there any jobs? N’y a-t-il pas de travail ?
Les pronoms composés de some, any et no suivent les mêmes règles d’emploi.
somebody / someone quelqu’un anybody / anyone n’importe qui nobody / no one personne
something quelque chose anything n’importe quoi nothing rien
somewhere quelque part anywhere n’importe où nowhere nulle part
11 Comment traduire « la plupart » ?

• Nom déterminé : most of
– par un article défini : He works most of the time. Il travaille la plupart du temps.
– par un possessif : Most of my colleagues have a bike. La plupart de mes collègues ont un vélo.
– par un cas possessif : Most of Spielberg’s films La plupart de films de Spielberg
• Nom non-déterminé : most
Most Ø people fear globalisation. La plupart des gens redoutent la mondialisation.
12 Comment exprimer une grande quantité ?

• Indénombrable : much Ú Do you need much time ? As-tu besoin de beaucoup de temps ?
• Dénombrable : many Ú There were many people. Il y avait beaucoup de gens.
Dans tous les cas : a lot of / lots of / a great deal of / plenty of businesses are hard to manage. Un tas d’entreprises
sont difficiles à gérer.
13 Comment dire que c’est « trop » ou « trop peu » ?

• Too + adjectif It’s too difficult. C’est trop difficile.
• Too + adjectif + a It’s too easy a job. C’est un travail trop facile.
• Too little + indénombrable I’ve got too little time. J’ai trop peu de temps.
• Too few + dénombrable There were too few people. Il y avait trop peu de gens.
• Too much + indénombrable There was too much work. Il y avait trop de travail.
• Too many + dénombrable He made too many mistakes. Il a fait trop de fautes.
14 Comment traduire « tout » ?

• Totalité : all + nom pluriel Ú He’s paid all the bills. Il a payé toutes les factures.
• Intégralité : the whole + nom singulier Ú He’s done with the whole job. Il a fini tout le travail.
• Chaque élément : every + nom singulier Ú I work every day. Je travaille tous les jours.
• Individualité de chaque élément : each + nom singulier Ú Each of you has to. Chacun d’entre vous doit le faire.
• Tous les possibles : any + nom singulier Ú Any man can do it. Tout homme peut le faire.
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15 Comment choisir un pronom personnel ?

Sujet I he / she / it we you they
Complément me him / her / it us you them
16 Comment choisir adjectifs et pronoms possessifs ?

Au contraire du français, le choix du possessif dépend du possesseur.
• Adjectifs possessifs : my, his / her / its, our, your, their
She set up her own business. Elle a créé sa propre entreprise.
He started his job as a computer technician. Il a commencé son travail d’informaticien.
Each method has its advantages. Chaque méthode a ses avantages.
Candidates promote their skills on social media. Les candidats promeuvent leurs compétences sur les réseaux sociaux.
• Pronoms possessifs : mine, yours, his / hers / its, ours, yours, theirs
She is a colleague of mine / hers / ours. C’est une de mes / ses / nos collègues.
17 Pronom réfléchi ou réciproque ?

u Réfléchi
• Référence à soi-même : She was looking at herself in the mirror. Elle se regardait dans la glace.
• Insistance : I did it myself. C’est moi qui l’ai fait.
u Non réfléchi
dress s’habiller, feel se sentir, fight se battre, meet se rencontrer, part se séparer, quarrel se quereller, shave se raser,
wash se laver
u Réciprocité
They were talking to each other. Ils se parlaient.
18 Comment choisir un démonstratif ?

this/these: ce qui est proche that/those: ce qui est loin
Espace in this country dans ce pays-ci (où je suis) in that country dans ce pays-là
Temps these days de nos jours at that time/in those days dans ce temps-là
Affectivement this heart of mine ce cœur qui est le mien Oh, that girl! Oh, cette fille là !
Devant un relatif Those who complained were fired. Ceux qui
se sont plaints ont été virés.
19 Quand utiliser le génitif (cas possessif) ?

• Une ou des personnes : my colleague’s office le bureau de mon collègue, the executives’ meeting la réunion
des cadres, the children’s room la chambre des enfants
• Un groupe de personnes : the world’s population la population du monde
• Une unité de temps : an hour’s drive une heure de voiture, today’s paper le journal d’aujourd’hui, four days’ work
4 jours / journées de travail

• Un lieu public (nom de lieu sous-entendu) : at the baker’s (shop) chez le boulanger, St Patrick’s (Cathedral)
la cathédrale St Patrick
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20 Comment utiliser l’adjectif qualificatif ?

• Devant le nom : famous brands les marques célèbres
• Invariables (jamais de s) : very difficult negotiations des négociations très difficiles
• L’adjectif cardinal suit last / next / only / other : the last two devices les deux derniers dispositifs ; the first two days
les deux premiers jours
• Les adjectifs séparés par une virgule sauf s’il y a opposition : a utopian, simplistic idea une idée utopique et simpliste ;
a black and white photograph une photographie en noir et blanc
• Les adjectifs commençant par le préfixe a- ne peuvent être qu’attributs : The child is asleep. L’enfant est endormi.
A sleeping child. Un enfant endormi.
21 Comment former un adjectif composé ?

• Adjectif + adjectif light-blue bleu clair
• Adjectif + nom-ed high-priced à prix élevé
• Adjectif + verbe-ing far-reaching portant loin, hard-working travaillant dur
• Adjectif + participe passé ready-made tout prêt
• Adverbe + participe passé well-known célèbre
• Nom + adjectif sky-blue bleu ciel
• Nom + nom-ed gold-framed à monture en or
• Nom + participe passé heart-broken le cœur brisé, home-made fait maison
• Nom + verbe-ing French-speaking parlant français
• Numéral + nom a twenty-year-old student une étudiante de vingt ans
22 Comment utiliser les adjectifs de nationalité ?

• Adjectifs et noms semblables : American, the Americans
African, Asian, Australian, Austrian, Belgian, Brazilian, Egyptian, European, Indian, German, Italian,
Bangladeshi, Iraqi, Israeli, Pakistani, Saudi…
• Adjectifs et noms invariables : Chinese, the Chinese
Japanese, Lebanese, Portuguese, Senegalese, Swiss, Vietnamese…
• Adjectifs et noms différents : Spanish, Spaniards
British / Britons, Danish / Danes, Finnish / Finns, Jewish / Jews, Polish / Poles, Scottish / Scots, Swedish / Swedes,
Turkish / Turks…
• Adjectifs et noms dérivés : English, an Englishman, English people, the English
a Dutchman, a Frenchman, an Irishman, a Welshman…
23 Comment parler de tout un groupe ?

L’article défini the devant un adjectif a une valeur de généralisation : il renvoie à la classe complète des membres
du groupe. L’adjectif ne prend pas de s mais s’accorde avec un verbe pluriel.
Ex. : the poor les pauvres, the unemployed les chômeurs, the young les jeunes, the haves les nantis,
the have-nots les démunis
GRAMMAR • 141
Grammar
24 Comment comparer ?
• Adjectif d’une syllabe ou deux syllabes en -y, -er, -ly : adjectif-er + than
It is faster and easier. C’est plus rapide et plus facile.
• Adjectifs de deux syllabes ou plus : more + adjectif + than

They are more competitive than us. Elles sont plus compétitives que nous.
• Comparatif d’infériorité : less + adjectif + than

They are less active than before. Ils sont moins actifs qu’avant
• Comparatif d’(in)égalité : (not) as + adjectif + as

He is as tall as you, but not as thin. Il est aussi grand que toi, mais pas aussi mince.
25 Comment exprimer la supériorité ?

• Adjectifs d’une syllabe ou deux syllabes en -y, -er, -ly: the + adjectif-est
She is the nicest and happiest person. C’est la personne la plus gentille et la plus heureuse.
• Adjectifs de deux syllabes ou plus : the most + adjectif

It’s the most expensive device. C’est le dispositif le plus cher.
• Superlatif d’infériorité : the least + adjectif

I bought the least expensive product. J’ai acheté le produit le moins cher.
26 Quelles sont les formes irrégulières ?

Adjectif Comparatif Superlatif
much / many beaucoup more than plus que the most le / la plus
few peu fewer than moins que the fewest le / la moins
little peu less than moins que the least le / la moins
good bon(ne) better than meilleur(e) que the best le / la meilleur(e)
bad mauvais(e) worse than pire que the worst le / la pire
older than plus vieux(ille) que the oldest le / la plus vieux(ille)

old vieux(ille)
elder than plus âgé(e) que the eldest l’aîné(e)
later plus tard the last le / la dernier(e)

late en retard
latter ce(tte) dernier(ère) the latest le / la plus récent(e)
the farthest / furthest le plus loin ;
far lointain(e) farther / further than plus loin que
le / la plus éloigné(e)
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27 Quand utiliser as et like ?

• Comparaison : like + nom
like father, like son tel père, tel fils
He is dressed like a tramp. Il est habillé comme un clochard.
• En tant que : as + nom
I speak to you as a friend. Je te parle en ami.
He was dressed as a tramp. Il était déguisé en clochard.
• Conjonction : as + subordonnée
Do as you like. Fais comme tu veux.
28 Où placer l’adverbe ?
• Adverbe de manière : devant les mots qu’il modifie
Is that really what you think? Est-ce vraiment ce que tu penses ?
• Adverbe de temps imprécis : devant le verbe
He always reads reports. Il lit toujours les rapports.
Have you ever worked i-on the line? As-tu déjà travaillé à la chaîne ?
29 Comment choisir entre deux formes ?

Certains adjectifs peuvent fonctionner comme adverbes et leur forme en -ly a un sens différent.
• hard / hardly : He works hard. Il travaille dur. He hardly works. Il ne travaille guère.
• late / lately: She was late. Elle était en retard. I haven’t met him lately. Je ne l’ai pas rencontré ces derniers temps.
• wrong / wrongly: They are wrong. Ils ont tort. They wrongly called. Ils ont appelé à tort.
30 Comment traduire « même » ?

• Semblable : at the same time en même temps
• Référence à soi-même : I did it myself. Je l’ai fait moi-même.
• De la même manière : in the same way, similarly, likewise
• Tout de même, quand même : all the same, even so, for all that
• Y compris : Even you can do it. Même toi tu peux le faire.
• Même si : even if / though
31 Comment traduire « encore » ?

• Continuité : He is still here. Il est encore ici.
• Supplémentaire : We want more responsibilities. Nous voulons encore des responsabilités.
• Une nouvelle fois : Can you say it again? Peux-tu le dire encore une fois ?
• Pas encore : I have not finished yet. Je n’ai pas encore terminé.
• Avec un comparatif : It is even more complicated. C’est encore plus compliqué.
GRAMMAR • 143
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32 Quelle préposition utiliser ?

Lieu
above / over au-dessus below / underneath en dessous (de) near près de
across à / au travers de (largeur) beside à côté de next to à côté de
among parmi between entre on sur
around autour by près de on top of sur le dessus de
at / in à in dans through à travers (épaisseur)
away from loin de in front of devant under sous
behind derrière in the middle of au milieu de
Mouvement
along le long de off décollant de out of sortant de
from venant de onto se posant sur to en direction de
into entrant dans
Temps
after après for depuis (durée) on time à l’heure
at à for the time being jusqu’à nouvel since depuis (point de départ)
before avant ordre till / until jusqu’à
currently actuellement from de to à
during durant in time à temps
33 Quelle préposition suit un adjectif ?

Certains adjectifs sont suivis d’une préposition différente du français qu’il convient de mémoriser.
absent from absent(e) de different from différent(e) de keen on féru(e) de
accustomed to habitué(e) à disppointed with / by déçu(e) de necessary for nécessaire à
addicted to accroché(e) à content with content(e) de pleased with content(e) de
amazed at surpris(e) par fond of aimant beaucoup prepared for sthg préparé(e) à qqch
amused at / with amusé(e) par free from libre de prevented from empêché(e) de
angry at / with / about glad about satisfait(e) de proud of fier(e) de
fâché(e) avec qq’un / qqchose ready for prêt(e) pour
good at bon(ne) en
astonished at étonné(e) de responsible for responsable de
grateful for reconnaissant(e) de
aware of conscient(e) de sad about triste de
happy about / with heureux(se) de
bad at mauvais(e) en satisfied with satisfait(e) de
hopeless at incompétent(e) en
certain about / of sûr(e) de sorry about désolé(e) de
independent from / of
crazy about fou(lle) de indépendant(e) de sorry for désolé(e) pour
curious about curieux(se) de interested in intéressé(e) par surprised at / by surpris(e) de
delighted with /about uneasy about / with mal à l’aise
involved in impliqué(e) dans
enchanté(e) de avec
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Le groupe verbal
34 Comment conjuguer be ?
Présent Prétérit
I am we are I was we were
you are you are you were you were
he, she, it is they are he, she, it was they were
35 Comment traduire « il y a » ?
There + be conjugué indique l’existence et s’accorde en nombre avec le nom qui suit.
• Présent: There is fairness. Il y a de la justice. There are biases. Il y a des préjugés.
• Prétérit: There was time. Il y avait du temps. There were people. Il y avait des gens.
• Present perfect: There has been a problem. Il y a eu un problème.
• Futur: There will be empowerment. Il y aura de l’autonomisation.
• Modal: There must be solutions. Il doit y avoir des solutions.
36 Comment conjuguer have ?

Présent Prétérit
I/we/you/they have
Affirmation I/he/she/it/we/you/they had
he/she/ it has
Do I/we/you/they have?
Interrogation Did I/he/she/it/we/you/they have?
Does he/she/it have?
I/we/you/they don’t have
Négation I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn’t have
he/she/ it doesn’t have
37 Quand employer have ?

• Possession : He has two smartphones, but he doesn’t have a desktop computer. Il a deux smartphones
mais il n’a pas d’ordinateur de bureau.
• Prendre : have breakfast / lunch / dinner / a drink / a shower / a bath prendre le petit-déjeuner / le déjeuner /
le dîner / un verre / une douche / un bain
• Present perfect : It has reduced pollution. Cela a réduit la pollution.
• Faire faire : They had a house built. Ils ont fait construire une maison.
• Obligation : Do they have to do it ? No, they don’t have to. Doivent-ils le faire ? Non ce n’est pas nécessaire.
GRAMMAR • 145
Grammar
38 Comment former le présent simple ?

• Affirmation :
I enjoy cycling. J’aime faire du vélo.
He appreciates technology. Il apprécie la technologie.
• Interrogation :
Do you promise? Le promets-tu ?
Does he guarantee it? Le garantit-il ?
• Négation :
I don’t negotiate. Je ne négocie pas.
He doesn’t / does not compromise. Il ne fait pas de compromis.
39 Quand employer le présent simple ?

Le présent simple décrit une action de manière neutre, objective, sans ajouter son opinion.
• Action habituelle avec des adverbes de fréquence : We always go on holiday in May. Nous partons toujours
en vacances en mai.
• Action vraie en toute situation : The sun rises in the East. Le soleil se lève à l’est.
• Référence à l’avenir : The plane takes off at 6 PM. L’avion part à 18 heures.
• Hypothèse réalisable : If I can, I bike to work. Si je le peux, je vais au travail à vélo.
40 Quand employer le présent en be + V-ing ?

• Événement en cours de déroulement : Look ! It’s raining. Regarde ! Il pleut.
• Intention, projet : I’m not cooking tonight. Ce soir, je ne fais pas la cuisine.
• Fait récurrent : You’re always sleeping! Tu dors tout le temps !
41 Comment former le prétérit ?

• Affirmation :
He worked hard. Il a travaillé dur.
She made her decision. Elle prit sa décision.
• Interrogation :
Did it sell well? Est-ce que cela s’est bien vendu ?
• Négation :
It didn’t / did not meet the requirements. Cela n’a pas répondu aux exigences.
42 Quand employer le prétérit simple ?

• Pour un moment précis du passé coupé du présent : I passed my A Levels in 2022. J’ai été reçu(e) au bac en 2022.
• Pour des faits irréels ou hypothétiques : If / if only / it’s high time / I wish I knew. Si seulement je le savais.
43 Quand employer le prétérit be + V-ing ?

Be + V-ing décrit la situation dans laquelle un événement passé s’est produit. Cela correspond à l’imparfait en français.
He was living happily when the war broke out. Il vivait heureux quand la guerre éclata.
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44 Quand employer le present perfect (has / have + participe passé) ?

• Bilan :
They have hired a new engineer. Ils ont embauché un nouvel ingénieur.
• Avec already, just, recently, ever, never, not… yet :
Have you already / ever / just / recently seen it ? L’as-tu vu déjà / jamais / juste / récemment ?
No, I have never / not seen it yet. Non, je ne l’ai jamais vu / pas encore.
• Durée :
How long have you worked here? Combien de temps travailles-tu dans cette entreprise ?
I have worked here for six months. J’y travaille depuis six mois.
• Point de départ :
Since when has she managed the company? Depuis quand dirige-t-elle cette entreprise ?
She has managed it since 2020. Elle la dirige depuis 2020.
45 Have done ou have been doing ?

• Bilan présent d’un fait passé :
I’ve downloaded the files. J’ai téléchargé les fichiers.
• Centré sur le sujet de l’énoncé :
I’ve been conducting the negotiations and I’m exhausted. J’ai mené les négociations et je suis épuisé(e). (conséquence)
46 Quand employer le pluperfect (had + participe passé) ?

• Lien entre deux moments révolus :
He said he had passed his exam the first time he had taken it. Il a dit qu’il avait réussi son examen la première fois
qu’il l’avait passé.
I had never seen anything like it before. Je n’avais jamais rien vu de tel auparavant.
47 Comment parler de l’avenir ?

Le temps grammatical du futur n’existe pas en anglais. Pour se référer à l’avenir on utilise différentes formes verbales.
• La réalisation de l’action paraît évidente : will
I am certain I will be hired. Je suis sûr(e) que je serai engagé(e).
• Imminence de l’événement : Be about to
The meeting is about to start. La réunion est sur le point de commencer.
• Prédiction à partir d’indices présents : going to
Look ! It is going to rain. Regarde, il va pleuvoir.
• Intention, ce qui est prévu : Be + V-ing
The order is leaving tomorrow. La commande part demain.
• Engagement pris, fait inéluctable : Be to
The CEO is to meet the staff. Le PDG doit rencontrer le personnel.
48 Quel temps utiliser dans les subordonnées de temps ?

Après when quand, as soon as dès que, after après que, once une fois que, on trouve le présent, qui renvoie
à un évènement futur.
What will he do when he leaves the firm ? Que fera-t-il quand il aura quitté l’entreprise ?
GRAMMAR • 147
Grammar
49 Comment former l’impératif ?

• Forme affirmative :
Go! Pars ! / Partez !
Let me / her / him / it / them go! Laisse-moi / la / le / les partir !
Let’s go! Allons-y !
• Forme négative : Do not / don’t litter! Ne jetez pas vos papiers gras !
• Insistance : Do sit down. Asseyez-vous, je vous en prie.
50 Comment reconnaître la valeur de base des modaux ?

• Can: capacité, savoir-faire Ú He can face up to challenges. Il sait faire face aux défis.
• Can’t / cannot: impossibilité, Ú He can’t be serious. Il ne peut pas être sérieux.
incapacité
• Could: capacité passée Ú They could make themselves heard. Ils purent se faire entendre.
• Couldn’t / could not: incapacité passée Ú It couldn’t succeed. Cela ne pouvait pas réussir.
• May: permission Ú You may go out alone. Tu peux sortir seul.
• Mayn’t / may not : interdiction Ú You may not smoke here. Tu ne peux pas fumer ici.
• Must: obligation Ú You must be on time. Tu dois être à l’heure.
• Mustn’t / must not: interdiction Ú You mustn’t lie. Tu ne dois pas mentir.
• Will: futur Ú It will fly soon. Il va bientôt voler.
demande polie Ú Will you help me? Veux-tu bien m’aider ?
• Won’t / will not: refus Ú I won’t be held responsible. Je refuse d’être tenu pour responsable.
• Would: habitude passée Ú He would say anything. Il disait n’importe quoi.
demande polie Ú Would you stop? Pourrais-tu cesser ?
• Wouldn’t: refus passé Ú He wouldn’t listen. Il refusait d’écouter.
• Shall: proposition Ú Shall we grant them a loan? Voulez-vous que nous leur accordions un prêt ?
• Should: conseil Ú A lesson should be drawn. On devrait tirer une leçon.
reproche Ú You should have told me. Tu aurais dû me le dire.
• Shouldn’t: injonction Ú You shouldn’t smoke here. Tu ne devrais pas fumer ici.
51 Comment exprimer une éventualité avec un modal ?

• Must: quasi certain Ú They must be aware. Ils sont certainement conscients.
• Can: probable Ú He can be kidding. Il est probable qu’il plaisante.
• May: 50/50 Ú It may prove wrong. Cela peut se révéler faux.
• Could: incertain Ú It could be difficult. Cela pourrait être difficile.
• Might: très incertain Ú He might be late. Il se pourrait qu’il soit en retard.
• Should: invraisemblable Ú In case it should rain. Au cas où il devrait pleuvoir.
148 • GRAMMAR
Grammar
52 Comment construire deux verbes ?

• Base verbale après let, make, had better, would rather ou un auxiliaire de modalité.
It makes her cry. Cela la fait pleurer.
You had better listen. Tu ferais mieux d’écouter.
I would rather not download this app. Je préférerais ne pas télécharger cette application.
You must call at once. Tu dois appeler tout de suite.
• V-ing après une préposition ou un verbe d’appréciation : can’t stand / bear, mind, dislike, enjoy, hate, like,
love, prefer…
He is keen on reading. Il adore lire.
I don’t mind working in this cubicle. Cela ne me dérange pas de travailler dans ce bureau à cloison.
• To + base verbale après un verbe de pression sur autrui : allow, ask, expect, force, order, hope, persuade, tell,
want, would like…
Do you want them to travel with us? Veux-tu qu’ils voyagent avec nous ?
I expect them to accept the proposal. Je m’attends à ce qu’ils acceptent la proposition.
I would like him to stay. Je voudrais qu’il reste.
53 Quelle préposition après un verbe ?

Certains verbes sont suivis d’une préposition différente du français qu’il convient de mémoriser.
account for rendre compte de decrease by diminuer de look like ressembler à
accuse of accuser de depend on dépendre de long for avoir très envie de, désirer
agree to être d’accord pour disapprove of désapprouver fort
agree with être d’accord avec escape from s’échapper de mistake for prendre pour
aim at chercher à hear from avoir des nouvelles de pay for payer
apologise for s’excuser de hear of entendre parler de prevent from empêcher de
approve of approuver hide from cacher à profit by / from tirer profit de
benefit from bénéficier de hope for espérer provide for subvenir aux besoins de
blame for reprocher à increase by augmenter de rely on faire confiance à / compter sur
borrow from emprunter à insist on insister sur remind of rappeler
break into entrer par effraction keep from doing empêcher de faire reproach with reprocher de
charge with accuser de laugh at se moquer de run out of être à court de
confide in se confier à lack (for) manquer de stand for représenter
congratulate for féliciter de listen to écouter steal from voler à
consist of consister en look after surveiller succeed in parvenir à
cope with faire face à look at regarder think about penser à
count on compter sur look for chercher think of envisager de
crave for avoir très envie de look forward to attendre avec threaten with menacer de
deal with traiter de impatience written by écrit par
GRAMMAR • 149
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54 Comment former les verbes à particules (phrasal verbs) ?

Certaines particules associées à un verbe en changent le sens de base, par exemple : to give donner ; to give up
abandonner. Voici les principaux.
Les principales particules sont : about, across, along, around, away, back, down, in, off, out, over, round, through,
to et up.
break down faire s’effondrer get on with s’entendre avec put across communiquer
break out se declarer (guerre, get out sortir put aside mettre de côté
épidémie) get up se lever put off retarder
bring about provoquer give away révéler, offrir put on enfiler (un vêtement)
bring over amener, apporter give back rendre put through mettre en
bring up élever (un enfant) give in céder, se rendre communication
call off annuler give up abandoner put up with supporter
come in entrer go on (doing) continuer de (faire) set up monter (une affaire)
come along venir, accompagner keep out empêcher d’entrer show in faire entrer
come out sortir keep up with se maintenir au même stand out se détacher
cut down réduire niveau que stand up se lever
cut off couper (vivres, accès, let down décevoir take along emmener
électricité…) let in faire entrer take away emporter
cut up découper look back regarder derrière soi take off enlever (des vêtements)
fill in remplir (un formulaire) look down on toiser de haut take on prendre en charge, accepter
get across faire comprendre look up chercher (dictionnaire) take over reprendre
get along with s’entendre avec look up to admirer turn down refuser, baisser (le son)
get away partir make for se diriger vers turn into (se) transformer en
get back revenir make out comprendre turn out (to be) s’avérer (être)
get in entrer make up for compenser turn up se présenter, arriver
get off descendre (d’un bus, d’un train) pick up ramasser wake up se réveiller
55 Où placer la particule ?
Le pronom complément se place entre le verbe et la particule.
Look it up in a dictionary. Cherche-le dans un dictionnaire.
Comparez avec une préposition : Look at me! Regarde-moi ! © Éditions Foucher
150 • GRAMMAR
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La phrase
56 Comment former une phrase simple ?
• Forme affirmative : Sujet + verbe Ú I enjoy it. J’aime ça.
• Forme interrogative : Auxiliaire + sujet + verbe ? Ú Do you like it? Aimes-tu ça ?
• Forme négative : Sujet + auxiliaire + négation + verbe Ú I don’t want to. Je ne veux pas.
• Forme interro-négative : Auxiliaire + négation + sujet + verbe ? Ú Don’t you need it ? N’en as-tu pas besoin ?
57 Comment choisir un mot interrogatif ?

• Quoi ? What do you think? Qu’en pensez-vous ?
• Pour… quoi ? What do you want it for? Pour quelle raison en avez-vous besoin ?
• Quand ? When were you born? Quand es-tu né ?
• Où ? Where will you be? Où seras-tu ?
• Lequel ? Which do you prefer? Lequel préférez-vous ?
• Qui ? Who is talking? Qui parle ?
• À qui ? Whose books are they? À qui sont ces livres ?
• Pourquoi ? Why is he cross? Pourquoi est-il fâché ?
• Comment ? How are you? Comment allez-vous ?
• Quelle distance ? How far is the station? À quelle distance est la gare ?
• Quelle profondeur ? How deep is the lake? Quelle est la profondeur de ce lac ?
• Combien de temps ? How long have they been talking? Depuis combien de temps parlent-ils ?
• Quel nombre ? How many wind turbines are there? Combien d’éoliennes y a-t-il ?
• Combien ? How much money do you need? Combien d’argent te faut-il ?
• Quelle fréquence ? How often can they meet? Tous les combien peuvent-ils se rencontrer ?
• Quel âge ? How old are you? Quel âge avez-vous ?
58 Comment faire un tag ?

• Énoncé négatif Ú Tag positif
It is not your office, is it? Ce n’est pas ton bureau, n’est-ce pas ?
Nobody is perfect, are they? Personne n’est parfait, n’est-ce pas ?
• Énoncé positif Ú Tag négatif
Mary bought a cell phone, didn’t she? Marie a acheté un portable, n’est-ce pas ?
Everybody is here, aren’t they? Tout le monde est là, n’est-ce pas ?
59 Comment exprimer une condition ?

• Condition réalisable : if + présent … will
If you see him, tell him I will call. Si tu le vois, dis-lui que j’appellerai.
• Condition irréelle : if + prétérit … would
If they had money, they would make a deal. S’ils avaient de l’argent, ils feraient affaire.
• Encore plus irréel : if + were … would

If I were you, I would apply for the job. Si j’étais toi, je présenterais ma candidature.
• Condition non réalisée dans le passé : if + pluperfect … would have + p. passé
He would have done it if he had wanted to. Il l’aurait fait s’il l’avait voulu.
GRAMMAR • 151
Grammar
60 Comment choisir un pronom relatif ?

u Humain
• Sujet : who
I know the executive who planned it. Je connais le cadre qui l’a projeté.
• Complément : whom / that / Ø
She is the applicant whom / that / Ø I interviewed. C’est la candidate avec qui j’ai eu un entretien.
He is the promoter whom / that / Ø I have dealt with. C’est le promoteur avec qui j’ai traité.
• Complément de nom : whose
The manager whose results are positive is my friend. Le dirigeant dont les résultats sont positifs est mon ami.
u Non humain
• Sujet : which / that
It is a company which / that is $1 million worth. C’est une entreprise qui vaut un million de dollars.
• Complément : which / that / Ø
It is the receipt which / that / Ø I was given. C’est le reçu qu’on m’a donné.
• Complément de nom
The factory whose roof I can see is closed. L’usine dont je vois le toit est fermée.
• Lieu : where
the place where l’endroit où
• Époque : when
the day when le jour où
• Cause : why
the reason why la raison pour laquelle
61 Comment traduire « ce que / ce qui » ?

• Annonce ce qui suit : what
What you’re saying is surprising. Ce que tu dis est surprenant.
• Rappelle ce qui précède : which
He was late, which is like him. Il était en retard, ce qui est bien son genre.
62 Comment rapporter des propos ?

u Pronoms personnels
‘I think we have to.’ Ú She said she thought they had to. Elle a dit qu’elle pensait qu’ils devaient le faire.
‘You should be careful.’ Ú He said they should be careful. Il leur a dit d’être prudents.
u Marqueurs de temps
yesterday hier Ú the day before la veille tomorrow demain Ú the next day le lendemain
last night hier soir Ú the night before, the previous night next week la semaine prochaine Ú the following week
la nuit précédente la semaine suivante
u Temps
• présent Ú prétérit
‘What do you mean ?’ Ú She asked / wondered what he meant. Elle (se) demanda ce qu’il voulait dire.
• prétérit / present perfect Ú pluperfect

‘I had no life of my own.’ Ú She said she had had no life of her own. Elle dit qu’elle n’avait pas eu de vie à elle.
• impératif Ú infinitif
‘Don’t wait.’ Ú He told us not to wait. Il nous a dit de ne pas attendre.
152 • GRAMMAR
Glossary English-French
GETTING A JOB TROUVER UN EMPLOI • the unemployed les chômeurs

• an appointment un rendez-vous • unemployment le chômage
• apprenticeship l’apprentissage • unemployment benefits les allocations chômage
• career prospects des perspectives de carrière • wages les rémunérations
• to carry out a work placement faire un stage professionnel • workload la charge de travail
• classified ads les petites annonces
• contracting employer pour une durée déterminée WORKING TIME TEMPS DE TRAVAIL
• a cover letter une lettre de motivation / candidature • annual leave des congés annuels
• a curriculum vitae/résumé un CV • a break une pause
• a diploma un diplôme • a day off un jour de congé
• efficiency l’efficacité • flextime des horaires flexibles
• to hire embaucher • free time du temps libre
• a job applicant un(e) candidat(e) • full-time à plein temps
• a job centre une agence pour l’emploi • a gap, a sabbatical year une année sabbatique
• job hunting la recherche d’emploi • maternity/paternity leave le congé de maternité / paternité
• a job interview un entretien d’embauche • moonlighting/undeclared work le travail au noir
• a job offer une offre d’emploi • overtime des heures supplémentaires
• a job seeker un(e) demandeur(euse) d’emploi • a part-time job un emploi à temps partiel
• language fluency la maîtrise linguistique • a pension une retraite
• on-the-job training la formation sur le tas • a pensioner un(e) retraité(e)
• on probation à l’essai • to rest se reposer
• a qualification une qualification • to retire prendre sa retraite
• qualified qualifié(e) • severance pay des indemnités de licenciement
• to recruit recruter • shift work le travail posté ou par roulement
• a reference une référence • sickness leave le congé maladie
• self-educated/self-taught autodidacte • teleworking le télétravail
• skills des compétences • temp(orary) work l’intérim
• to shortlist présélectionner • a temp un(e) intérimaire
• a trainee (UK)/an intern (US) un(e) stagiaire • a 35-hour week une semaine de 35 heures
• two-year degree BTS • time off du temps libre
• a position un poste • a working week une semaine de travail
• a training session un stage, une formation
• unskilled non qualifié(e) COMPANIES ENTREPRISES
• vocational training la formation professionnelle • a blue-collar worker un col-bleu, un(e) ouvrier(ère)
• a work placement un stage • a chairman un(e) directeur(trice)
• a work-study contract un contrat en alternance • a chief executive un(e) dirigeant(e)
• competition la concurrence
WORKING CONDITIONS CONDITIONS DE TRAVAIL • competitiveness la compétitivité
• advancement la promotion • corporate culture la culture d’entreprise
• allowances des indemnités • coworking le travail collaboratif
• to award compensation accorder des dommages et intérêts • an employee un(e) employé(e)
• a bonus une prime • an engineer un(e) ingénieur(e)
• to climb the career ladder gravir les échelons • a family business une entreprise familiale
• collective bargaining les négociations collectives • a firm une société
• to commute faire la navette entre le domicile • the headquarters le siège
et le travail • an independent worker un(e) travailleur(se) indépendant(e)
• to downsize dégraisser • a junior executive un(e) jeune cadre
• to earn money gagner de l’argent • management la direction
• to empower donner du pouvoir à • a manager un(e) directeur(rice)
• to fire, to sack virer, renvoyer • overtime des heures supplémentaires
• glass ceiling le plafond de verre • a parent company une maison mère
• industrial disputes des conflits sociaux • a partnership un partenariat
• labour court les prud’hommes • a plant manager un(e) directeur(rice) d’usine
• labour force/manpower la main d’œuvre • senior management les cadres supérieurs
• to lay off, laid, laid licencier • to set up a company monter une entreprise
• minimum wage le salaire minimum • a shareholder/stockholder un(e) actionnaire
• to meet demands satisfaire des revendications • small and medium-sized companies des petites et moyennes entreprises
• on the dole inscrit(e) au chômage • staff le personnel
• overworked surchargé(e) de travail • a start-up une jeune pousse
• pay la paie • a subsidiary une filiale
• perks des avantages en nature • a technician un(e) technicien(ne)
• a prejudice un préjugé • a white-collar worker un col blanc, un(e) employé(e)
• to reach an agreement trouver un accord • workforce la main d’œuvre
• a redundancy plan un plan de licenciement
• to resign démissionner FACTORIES USINES
• responsibility la responsabilité • an assembly plant une usine d’assemblage
• responsible for responsable de • a carmaker un constructeur automobile
• to reward récompenser • a chemical plant une usine de produits chimiques
• a salary rise une augmentation de salaire • a coal-fired power station une centrale à charbon
• to settle a dispute régler un conflit • a components factory une usine de composants
• social unrest le malaise social électroniques

• to stage a strike organiser une grève • a computer plant une fabrique d’ordinateurs
• team spirit l’esprit d’équipe • a cutting workshop un atelier de décolletage
• a trade union un syndicat • a design department un bureau d’étude
• underpaid sous-payé(e) • an electrical production shop un atelier de fabrications électriques
GLOSSARY ENGLISH-FRENCH • 153

• a manufacturing/production facility une unité de production INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) TECHNOLOGIES DE L’INFORMATION
• a gasworks une usine à gaz • an app(lication) une appli(cation)
• a hydropower station une centrale hydroélectrique • an attached file un fichier joint
• an industrial facility une installation industrielle • to back up, to save sauvegarder
• an industrial manufacturer un fabricant industriel • a chip une puce
• an ironworks une fonderie • a computer technician un(e) informaticien(ne)
• a machining workshop un atelier d’usinage • computer literacy la compétence en informatique
• to manufacture fabriquer • to computerise informatiser
• a nuclear power plant une centrale nucléaire • computing l’informatique
• a power plant une centrale électrique • a database une base de données
• a procurement department un service des approvisionnements • to delete supprimer
• a production floor un atelier de production • a desktop computer une ordinateur de bureau
• a research and development un département de recherche et • digital numérique
department développement • to digitalise numériser
• a steelworks une aciérie • a directory un répertoire
• a testing department un département qualité et contrôle • to display afficher
• a thermal power station une centrale thermique • to download, upload télécharger
• a turnkey plant une usine clés en main • a drive un lecteur
• a warehouse un entrepôt • email le courrier électronique
• to work on the assembly line travailler à la chaîne • to erase effacer
• a workshop un atelier • a file un fichier
• a work sequencing department un bureau de l’ordonnancement • a folder un dossier
• a hard disk un disque dur
SPORT AND TECHNOLOGY SPORT ET TECHNOLOGIE • hardware du matériel informatique
• to achieve accomplir • an icon une icône
addicted to accro à • to import importer
•
an arena, a stadium une arène, un stade • junk mail le courrier publicitaire
•
to attend an event assister à un événement • a key une touche
•
to break a record battre un record • a keyboard un clavier
•
a championship un championnat • a laptop computer un ordinateur portable
•
to cheat tricher • a mailbox une boîte de courriel
•
to cheer acclamer • a memory une mémoire
•
a coach un(e) entraîneur(se) • to monitor contrôler
•
• a mouse une souris
• to compete concourir, disputer
• a mouse pad un tapis de souris
• confident confiant(e)
• multimedia multimédia
• a disability un handicap
• an Optical Character Reader (OCR) un lecteur optique
• disabled handicapé(e)
• a personal computer (PC) un micro-ordinateur
• dishonest malhonnête
• a piece of software un logiciel
• to disrespect manquer de respect à
• a pop-up window une fenêtre contextuelle
• doping le dopage
• to print imprimer
• embedded embarqué(e)
• a printer une imprimante
• to enhance améliorer
• privacy settings des paramètres de confidentialité
• entertainment les divertissements
• to process data traiter des données
• fair juste
• to reboot redémarrer
• fatigue l’épuisement
• to remove déplacer
• fit en forme
• to restart relancer
• to fund financer
• to save as enregistrer sous
• gifted doué(e)
• to scan scanner
• to give a boost donner un coup de pouce
• a screen un écran
• leisure les loisirs
• a scroll bar une barre de défilement
• to lose, lost, lost perdre
• to scroll down/up défiler vers le bas / haut
• a loser un(e) perdant(e)
• a shortcut un raccourci clavier
• to make a dream come true réaliser un rêve • software logiciels
• a multiplayer game un jeu multijoueur • a spreadsheet un tableur
• an online tournament un tournoi en ligne • a text message un texto
• on the field sur le terrain • a touch pad un pavé tactile
• to practise pratiquer • to type dactylographier
• a prosthesis une prothèse • underscore le soulignement
• a race une course • to update mettre à jour
• to recover récupérer • a USB stick une clé USB
• to rely, to count on compter sur • user-friendly facile à utiliser
• rewarding gratifiant(e) • virtual virtuel(le)
• to set a record établir un record • a word processor un traitement de texte
• to skew the results fausser les résultats
• a smart watch une montre intelligente DIGITAL SYSTEMS SYSTÈMES NUMÉRIQUES
• strength la force • an alarm une alerte
• to support soutenir • an algorithm un algorithme
• to take part in a trial participer à une épreuve • to chart a specification book/brief/note rédiger un cahier des charges
• to target cibler • cloud computing l’informatique en nuage
• teammates des co-équipiers(ères) • coding l’encodage
• tech-savvy compétent(e) en technologie • complex components des composants complexes
• thrilling passionnant(e) • a compliance test un test de conformité
• to train s’entraîner • a correction system un dispositif de correction

• unfair injuste, déloyal(e) • an electronic device un dispositif électronique
• wearable technology la technologie portable • electronic know-how le savoir-faire électronique
• to win, won won gagner • an embedded system un système embarqué
• a winner un(e) gagnant(e) • to enter data entrer des données
154 • GLOSSARY ENGLISH-FRENCH

• frequency bands des fréquences • a server un serveur

• to identify the points to be tested recenser les points à tester • social media des réseaux sociaux
• to install an operating system installer un système d’exploitation • techlash l’animosité contre les GAFA
• interconnected interconnecté(e) • a thread un fil de discussion
• an Information Technology advisory une entreprise de services du numérique • a viewer un(e) visionneur(se)
(ESN) • Webcasting, netcasting la diffusion sur la toile
• an Information Technology consulting une société de services et d’ingénierie • a Web conference une cyberconférence
en informatique (SSII) • a Webmaster un administrateur de site, de serveur
• to modelise a product modéliser un produit • a Webpage une page sur la toile
• a network un réseau • a Web-savvy un(e) connaisseur(se) en matière
• to optimise energy consumption optimiser la consommation énergétique de web
• an Original Equipment Manufacturer un équipementier électronique • a Website un site de/sur la toile
(OEM) • World Wide Web la toile mondiale
• a peripheral device un périphérique
• a project approach une démarche de projet MOBILITY MOBILITÉ
• production constraints des contraintes de production • affordable abordable
• to program instructions programmer des instructions • an aircraft, airplane un avion
• safeguarding, securing la sécurisation an airfield un terrain d’aviation
•
• safety la sécurité an airliner un avion de ligne
•
• a software library une bibliothèque logicielle automated automatisé(e)
•
• a software upgrade system un dispositif de mise à jour de logiciels autonomous autonome
•
• system programming la programmation des systèmes to board monter à bord (avion, train)
•
• telecommunication equipment du matériel de télécommunication to book réserver
•
• a trial un essai a bus lane une voie de bus
•
• a whole number un nombre entier bustling grouillant(e), trépidant(e)
•
• wired câblé(e)
• car ownership la possession d’une voiture
• wireless sans fil
• convenient, practical pratique
• a convoy un convoi
THE INTERNET INTERNET
• cruising speed la vitesse de croisière
• an access provider un fournisseur d’accès
• a cyclist un(e) cycliste
• an asymmetric bit rate un débit asymétrique
a domestic flight un vol intérieur
•
• an Internet backbone une dorsale Internet
an e-bike un vélo électrique
•
• a bookmark un signet
an emergency lane une bande d’arrêt d’urgence
•
• to bookmark ajouter aux signets
feasibility la faisabilité
•
• to browse the Web naviguer sur le Web
features des caractéristiques
•
• a browser un navigateur
a flying car une voiture volante
•
• a chat room un forum de discussion
a flow un flux
•
• to connect to se connecter à
hypersonic hypersonique
•
• a cookie un témoin (de connexion), un mouchard
• a jet plane un avion à réaction
• to crack a code déchiffrer, décrypter un code
• to land atterrir
• a cracker un pirate
• means of transportation des moyens de transport
• cyberbullying la cyberintimidation
• obstacle detection la détection d’obstacles
• a cybernaut un internaute
• peak hours les heures de pointe
• a domain name un nom de domaine
• a pedestrian un(e) piéton(ne)
• to download télécharger
• to plan a trip organiser un voyage
• to drag and drop glisser-déposer
• a pod une capsule
• extranet extranet
• public transport (PT) les transports publics
• a firewall une barrière de sécurité
• a railroad un chemin de fer
• a forum un forum
• range l’autonomie
• a frame un cadre
• reliable fiable
• a gateway une passerelle
• a ride un trajet
• to hack pirater
• road safety la sécurité routière
• a hacker un pirate de l’Internet
• a road sign un panneau routier
• a hate site un site incitant à la haine
• a route un itinéraire
• high-speed access un accès à haut débit
• safe sûr(e)
• a hotlist une liste de signets
• a schedule un horaire
• a home page une page d’accueil
• self-driving autonome
• hosting l’hébergement
• a hyperlink un hyperlien • a sensor un capteur
• a hypertext un hypertexte • to share partager
• a hub un concentrateur • a spaceship/craft un vaisseau spatial
• identity theft le vol d’identité • a station une gare
• illegal downloading le téléchargement illégal • to take the wheel prendre le volant
• information highways des autoroutes de l’information • a ticket un billet, une contravention
• intranet Intranet • traffic la circulation
• a login un code d’accès • traffic congestion des embouteillages
• to network travailler en réseau • traffic lights des feux tricolores
• a news article/item/posting un article de forum, une contribution • a transportation hub une plaque tournante du transport
• a newsgroup un groupe de discussion • a traveller un(e) voyageur(se)
• online en ligne • an urbanite, a city-dweller un(e) citadin(e)
• an online multiplayer game un jeu multijoueur en ligne
• a password un mot de passe ENERGY ÉNERGIE
• peer-to-peer pair-à-pair • alternative sources of energy des énergies alternatives
• phishing l’hameçonnage par courriel • biofuels des biocarburants

• a platform une plateforme • biomass la biomasse
• a plug-in un module d’extension • coal le charbon
• a proxy server, proxy un serveur mandataire, mandataire • cooling le refroidissement
• a search engine un moteur de recherche • crude oil le pétrole brut

• a dam un barrage • to wipe out anéantir

• diesel le diésel • wildlife la faune, la vie sauvage
• to extract extraire
• flex fuels des polycarburants ROBOTICS ROBOTIQUE
• fuel combustible • absolute data des données absolues
• gaseous gazeux(se) • an active compliant robot un robot actif conforme
• to generate power générer de l’énergie • an actuator un actionneur
• geothermal energy la géothermie • arc welding la soudure à l’arc
• a grid un réseau • an articulated manipulator un manipulateur articulé
• to harness maîtriser • artificial intelligence (AI) Intelligence artificielle (IA)
• heat la chaleur • automation l’automatisation
• hydroelectricity l’énergie hydraulique • autonomy l’autonomie
• hydrogen l’hydrogène • a burn-in test un test de vieillissement
• light la lumière • Cartesian coordinates des coordonnées cartésiennes
• liquid liquide • clamping force la force de serrage
• natural gas le gaz naturel • closed-loop en circuit fermé
• nuclear-generated power l’énergie nucléaire • compliance la conformité
• off-grid power l’énergie hors réseau computer aided design (CAD) conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO)
•
• an oil rig une plateforme pétrolière computer-controlled commandé(e) par ordinateur
•
• a petroleum-based fuel un carburant à base de pétrole an exoskeleton un exosquelette
•
• a power failure une panne de courant an expert system un système expert
•
• to produce electricity produire de l’électricité finger print identification l’identification par empreinte digitale
•
• solar energy l’énergie solaire a force-torque sensor un capteur d’effort
•
• a solar panel un panneau solaire fuzzy logic la logique floue
•
• to spin, spun, spun tournoyer a gantry robot un robot portique
•
• to tap exploiter
• a gripper arm un bras préhenseur
• tidal energy l’énergie marémotrice
• to keep logs tenir un journal de bord
• a wind farm un champ d’éoliennes
• an inference engine un moteur d’inférence
• a wind turbine une éolienne
• image analysis l’analyse d’images
• wind power l’énergie éolienne
• a lithium battery une batterie au lithium
• a joint une articulation
THE ENVIRONMENT L’ENVIRONNEMENT
• load capacity la capacité de charge
• carbon dioxide (CO2) le dioxyde de carbone (CO2)
machine learning l’apprentissage machine
•
• chemicals les produits chimiques
math calculations des calculs mathématiques
•
• to clean up nettoyer
parallel processing le traitement parallèle
•
• climate change le changement climatique
pattern recognition la reconnaissance de formes
•
• conservation la préservation
to perform tasks réaliser des tâches
•
• to contaminate contaminer
pick-and-place prise et pose
•
• to curb limiter
• pitch le tangage
• damage les dégâts
• a robot soldier un soldat robot
• disposable jetable
• roll le roulis
• to dispose of se débarrasser de
• a rotation matrix une matrice de rotation
• drought la sécheresse
• to self-determine autodéterminer
• to dump into déverser dans
• a slip sensor un capteur de glissement
• environmentally friendly respectueux(se) de l’environnement
• a smart appliance un appareil intelligent
• an environmentalist un(e) écologiste
• sophisticated sophistiqué(e)
• exhaust fumes les gaz d’échappement
• speech recognition la reconnaissance vocale
• fossil fuels les énergies fossiles
• speech synthesis software un logiciel de synthèse vocale
• to foul the air souiller l’air
• a spot weld gun des pinces à souder par points
• to fuel alimenter
• a surveillance drone un drone de surveillance
• global warming le réchauffement climatique
• a teach pendant un boîtier de commande
• greenhouse gases les gaz à effet de serre
• a tendon drive robot un robot à câbles
• greenwashing l’écoblanchiment
• a torque un couple
• harmful dangereux(se)
• a vacuum gripper une pince à aspiration
• a landfill une décharge
• visual servoing l’asservissement visuel
• to lower emissions baisser les émissions
• a yaw un lacet
• non-polluting non polluant(e)
• noxious nocif(ve)
HEALTH AND SAFETY SANTÉ ET SÉCURITÉ
• organic bio
• to poison empoisonner • abuse la maltraitance
• pollution la pollution • backache le mal de dos
• raw materials les matières premières • balanced équilibré(e)
• to recycle recycler • boots des bottes
• to reduce réduire • a burden un fardeau
• to refurbish rénover • to burn, burnt, burnt brûler
• renewable energies les énergies renouvelables • a burn une brûlure
• to repurpose reconvertir • burnout le surmenage
• resources les ressources • to check vérifier
• rubbish, garbage les ordures • child labour le travail des enfants
• selective sorting le tri sélectif • Corporate Social Responsibility Responsabilité sociale des entreprises
• to sort trier (CSR) (RSE)
• to spew cracher • coveralls une combinaison de travail
• steam la vapeur • an earplug un bouchon d’oreille
• sustainable development le développement durable • an electric shock un choc électrique

• a threat to une menace pour • an electrocution une électrocution
• to threaten menacer • an emergency une urgence
• toxic waste les déchets toxiques • a dust mask un masque anti-poussière
• to use up épuiser • ear muffs des coquilles anti-bruit
156 • GLOSSARY ENGLISH-FRENCH

• to face risks faire face au risque • a manufacturing drawing un plan de fabrication

• fairness l’équité • a memorandum/memo une note de service
• fast-paced au rythme rapide • operating documentation des consignes d’utilisation
• a fire exit une issue de secours • an operational handbook/manual un manuel d’utilisation
• gloves des gants • an operations guide un guide des unités de production
• to jeopardise mettre en danger • an operator’s guide un guide d’utilisateur
• to handle pressure gérer la pression • an order book un carnet de commandes
• harassment le harcèlement • a parts and service manual un manuel d’entretien et de réparation
• a hard hat un casque de sécurité • a parts list une nomenclature de pièces
• a hazard un danger • precautions for use des précautions d’emploi
• hazardous dangereux(se) • a product brief un dossier de produit
• health care cover la couverture médicale • a production file un dossier de fabrication
• a heavy load une charge lourde • a progress report un rapport d’état d’avancement
• a helmet un casque • a registration plate une plaque minéralogique
• hi-vis à haute visibilité • a repair sheet une fiche d’intervention
• to hurt, hurt, hurt faire mal • a replacements manual un catalogue de pièces de rechange
• to injure blesser • a runbook un dossier d’exploitation (de progiciel)
• an injury une blessure • running instructions des consignes de marche
• a jumpsuit une combinaison • a service handbook un carnet d’entretien
• to manage the risk gérer le risque • a specification manual un cahier des charges
• medication, treatment un traitement • a specification sheet une fiche technique / signalétique
• mental health condition trouble de la santé mentale • technical data/features/particulars des caractéristiques techniques
• metal barriers des barrières métalliques • a troubleshooting guide une notice de recherche de pannes
• a naked wire un fil électrique dénudé • a user’s reference manual un manuel de l’utilisateur
• a nervous breakdown une dépression nerveuse • a wiring diagram un schéma de câblage
• overworked surchargé(e) de travail
• a pandemic une pandémie QUALITY CONTROL CONTRÔLE QUALITÉ
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) l’équipement personnel de protection • to activate activer
• to prevent an accident empêcher un accident • to detect a flaw détecter un défaut
• to protect protéger • to check vérifier
• reflective stripes des bandes réfléchissantes • a contraption un appareil, truc, machin
• to report a hazard rapporter un danger • to control contrôler
• responsible for responsable de • convenience convenance
• a risk un risque • designed to conçu(e) pour
• a rubber sole une semelle en caoutchouc • to detect issues détecter des problèmes
• safe sûr(e) • a device un dispositif
• safety goggles des lunettes de sécurité • efficiency l’efficacité
• a safety switch un interrupteur de sécurité • to ensure s’assurer que
• to signal for help envoyer un signal de détresse • erroneous erroné(e)
• steel-toed boots chaussures à embout d’acier • an error rate un taux d’erreur
• to tidy up ranger • an expert un expert
• traumatised traumatisé(e) • fabricated data des données fabriquées
• to trip trébucher • to falsify data falsifier des données
• trust la confiance • faulty défectueux(se)
• to unplug débrancher • a flaw, a defect, a fault un défaut, une faille
• unsafe dangereux(se) • to insert insérer
• a warning sign un panneau d’avertissement • an improvement une amélioration
• to watch one’s steps faire attention où l’on marche • instructions for use un mode d’emploi
• welfare le bien-être • an issue un problème
• workload la charge de travail • to meet standards se conformer aux normes
• a wound une plaie • to monitor contrôler
• practical, convenient pratique
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION TECHNIQUE • to press appuyer sur
• assembly instructions une notice de montage • to pull tirer
• a blueprint un plan détaillé, une épure • random aléatoire
• a connecting diagram un schéma de montage • to rectify rectifier, corriger
• a dimensional drawing un dessin coté • reliability la fiabilité
• directions for use un mode d’emploi • to remove retirer
• dismantling instructions une notice de démontage • to report signaler
• a failure/malfunction report un rapport d’incident • to reset réinitialiser
• a fault-finding chart un tableau de dépannage • to run checks mener des vérifications
• a follow-up sheet une fiche de suivi • safe sûr(e)
• general procedure la marche à suivre • safety la sécurité
• hints/notes on use des conseils / consignes d’utilisation • sharp pointu(e)
• history file un historique (des rapports de visite, • to slide, slid, slid glisser
d’une machine) • spare parts des pièces détachées
• a how-to book un guide pratique • specifications des caractéristiques
• an illustrated parts list (IPL) une liste de composants illustrée • step by step pas à pas
• an inspection report un rapport d’inspection • to tailor adapter sur mesure
• instructions for use une notice d’utilisation • to take steps prendre des mesures
• maintenance documentation la documentation de maintenance • to trigger déclencher
• maintenance instructions une notice de maintenance • to turn on/off allumer / éteindre
a maintenance logbook
• un carnet d’entretien • up to standard répondant aux normes

• manufacturing dimensions des cotes de fabrication • within reach of à la portée de

Glossary French-English
TROUVER UN EMPLOI GETTING A JOB • le salaire minimum the minimum wage

• une agence pour l’emploi a job centre • satisfaire des revendications to meet demands
• à l’essai on probation • sous-payé(e) underpaid
• l’apprentissage apprenticeship • surchargé(e) de travail overworked
• autodidacte self-educated, self-taught • un syndicat a trade union
• BTS two-year degree • trouver un accord to reach an agreement
• un(e) candidat(e) a job applicant • virer, renvoyer to fire, to sack
• une capacité an ability
• des compétences skills TEMPS DE TRAVAIL WORKING TIME
• un contrat en alternance a work-study contract • une année sabbatique a sabbatical/gap year
• un CV a CV, résumé • le congé maladie sickness leave
• un(e) demandeur(euse) d’emploi a job seeker • le congé de maternité / paternité maternity/paternity leave
• un diplôme a diploma • des congés annuels annual leave
• disponible available • des heures supplémentaires overtime
• l’efficacité efficiency • des horaires flexibles flextime
• embaucher to hire • des indemnités de licenciement severance pay
• employer pour une durée déterminée contracting • l’intérim temp(orary) work
• un entretien d’embauche a job interview • un(e) intérimaire a temp
• la flexibilité flexibility • un jour de congé a day off
• la formation training • une pause a break
• la formation professionnelle vocational training • à plein temps full-time
• la formation sur le tas on-the-job training • prendre sa retraite to retire
• une lettre de motivation a cover letter • se reposer to rest
• la maîtrise linguistique language fluency • une retraite a pension
• non qualifié(e) unskilled • un(e) retraité(e) a pensioner
• une offre d’emploi a job offer • une semaine de 35 heures a 35-hour week
• des perspectives de carrière career prospects • une semaine de travail a working week
• des petites annonces classified ads • le télétravail teleworking
• un poste a position • le temps libre free time
• présélectionner to shortlist • à temps partiel part-time
• une qualification a qualification • le travail au noir moonlighting/undeclared work
• qualifié(e) qualified • le travail posté ou par roulement shift work
• la recherche d’emploi job hunting
• recruter to recruit ENTREPRISES COMPANIES
• une référence a reference • un(e) actionnaire a shareholder/stockholder
• un rendez-vous an appointment • les cadres supérieurs senior management
• un stage a work placement, an internship (US), • un col blanc a white-collar worker
a training programme (UK) • un col-bleu a blue-collar worker
• un stagiaire an intern (US), a trainee (UK) • la concurrence competition
• la compétitivité competitiveness
CONDITIONS DE TRAVAIL WORKING CONDITIONS • la culture d’entreprise corporate culture
• accorder des dommages et intérêts to award compensation • un(e) directeur(rice) a chair(wo)man
• des allocations chômage unemployment benefits • un(e) directeur(rice) d’usine a plant manager
• une augmentation de salaire a salary rise • la direction management
• des avantages en nature perks • un(e) directeur(rice) a manager
• la charge de travail the workload • un(e) dirigeant(e) a chief executive
• le chômage unemployment • un(e) employé(e) an employee
• les chômeurs the unemployed • une entreprise familiale a family business
• les conflits sociaux industrial disputes • une filiale a subsidiary
• dégraisser to downsize • un(e) ingénieur(e) an engineer
• démissionner to resign • un(e) jeune cadre a junior executive
• donner du pouvoir to empower • une jeune pousse a start-up
• l’esprit d’équipe team spirit • la main-d’œuvre the workforce
• gagner de l’argent to earn money • la maison mère the parent company
• gravir les échelons to climb the career ladder • monter une entreprise to set up a company
• des indemnités allowances • un partenariat a partnership
• inscrit au chômage on the dole • le personnel staff
• licencier to lay off, laid, laid • les petites et moyennes entreprises small and medium-sized companies
• le licenciement économique redundancy • le siège headquarters
• le malaise social social unrest • une société a firm
• la navette entre le domicile commuting • une société privée a private-owned company
et le travail • un(e) technicien(ne) a technician
• des négociations collectives collective bargaining • le travail collaboratif coworking
• organiser une grève to stage a strike • un(e) travailleur(se) indépendant(e) an independent worker
• la paie pay
• le plafond de verre the glass ceiling USINES FACTORIES
• un préjugé a prejudice • une aciérie a steelworks
• une prime a bonus • un atelier a workshop
• la promotion advancement • un atelier de décolletage a cutting workshop
• les prud’hommes labour court • un atelier de fabrications électriques an electrical production shop
• récompenser to reward • un atelier de production a production floor

• régler un conflit to settle a dispute • un atelier d’usinage a machining workshop
• la rémunération wage • un bureau d’étude a design department
• la responsabilité responsibility • un bureau de l’ordonnancement a work sequencing department
• responsable de responsible for • une centrale à charbon a coal-fired power station
158 • GLOSSARY FRENCH-ENGLISH

• une centrale électrique a power plant • un tournoi en ligne an online tournament

• une centrale hydroélectrique a hydropower station • tricher to cheat
• une centrale nucléaire a nuclear power plant
• une centrale thermique a thermal power station TECHNOLOGIES DE L’INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)
• un constructeur automobile a carmaker • afficher to display
• un département qualité et contrôle a testing department • une app(lication) an appli(cation)
• un département de recherche et a research and development department • une barre de défilement a scroll bar
développement • une base de données a database
• un entrepôt a warehouse • une boîte de courriel a mailbox
• un fabricant industriel an industrial manufacturer • un clavier a keyboard
• fabriquer to manufacture • une clé USB a USB stick
• une fabrique d’ordinateurs a computer plant • la compétence en informatique computer literacy
• une fonderie an ironworks • contrôler to monitor
• une installation industrielle an industrial facility • convivial(e) user-friendly
• un service des approvisionnements a procurement department • le courriel, courrier électronique email
• travailler à la chaine to work on the assembly line • le courrier publicitaire junk mail
• une unité de production a manufacturing/production facility • dactylographier to type
• une usine à gaz a gasworks • défiler vers le bas / haut to scroll down/up
• une usine automobile a car factory • déplacer to remove
• une usine clés en main a turnkey plant • un disque dur a hard disk
• une usine d’assemblage an assembly plant • un dossier a folder
• une usine de composants an electronic components factory • un écran a screen
électroniques • enregistrer sous to save as
• une usine de produits chimiques a chemical plant • une fenêtre contextuelle a pop-up window
• une usine électrique an electrical works • un fichier a file
• un fichier joint an attached file
SPORT ET TECHNOLOGIE SPORT AND TECHNOLOGY • effacer to erase
• acclamer to cheer • une icône an icon
• accomplir to achieve • importer to import
• accro à addicted to • imprimer to print
• améliorer to enhance • une imprimante a printer
• assister à un événement to attend an event • un(e) informaticien(ne) a computer technician
• battre un record to break a record • l’informatique computing
• branché(e) tech-savvy • informatiser to computerise
• un championnat a championship • un lecteur a drive
• cibler to target • un lecteur optique an Optical Character Reader (OCR)
• des co-équipiers(ères) teammates • un logiciel a piece of software
• compter sur to count/rely on • des logiciels software
• concourir to compete • du matériel informatique hardware
• confiant(e) confident • une mémoire a memory
• une course a race • mettre à jour to update
• divertissement entertainment • un micro-ordinateur a personal computer (PC)
• donner un coup de pouce to give a boost • multimédia multimedia
• le dopage doping • numérique digital
• doué(e) gifted • numériser to digitalise
• embarqué(e) embedded • un ordinateur de bureau a desktop computer
• en forme fit, in good shape • un ordinateur portable a laptop computer
• entraîner to train • des paramètres de confidentialité privacy settings
• un(e) entraîneur(se) a coach • un pavé tactile a touch pad
• établir un record to set a record • une puce a chip
• fausser les résultats to skew the results • un raccourci clavier a shortcut
• financer to fund • redémarrer to reboot
• la force strength • relancer to restart
• un(e) gagnant(e) a winner • un répertoire a directory
• gagner to win, won won • sauvegarder to back up, to save
• gratifiant(e) rewarding • scanner to scan
• un handicap a disability • une souris a mouse
• handicapé(e) disabled • le soulignement underscore
• injuste unfair • supprimer to delete
• un jeu multijoueur a multiplayer game • un tableur a spreadsheet
• juste fair • un tapis de souris a mouse pad
• des loisirs leisure • un texto a text message
• malhonnête dishonest • télécharger to upload, to download
• manquer de respect à to disrespect • une touche a key
• une montre intelligente a smart watch • un traitement de texte a word processor
• participer à une épreuve to take part in a trial • traiter des données to process data
• passionnant(e) thrilling • virtuel(le) virtual
• un(e) perdant(e) a loser
• perdre to lose, lost, lost SYSTÈMES NUMÉRIQUES DIGITAL SYSTEMS
• pratiquer to practise • une alerte an alarm
• une prothèse a prosthesis • un algorithme an algorithm
• réaliser un rêve to make a dream come true • une bibliothèque logicielle a software library
• récupérer to recover • câblé(e) wired

• soutenir to support • des composants complexes complex components
• un stade, une arène a stadium, an arena • des contraintes de production production constraints
• technologie portable wearable technology • une démarche de projet a project approach
• un terrain (de sport) a field • un dispositif de correction a correction system
GLOSSARY FRENCH-ENGLISH• 159

• un dispositif de mise à jour de logiciel a software upgrade system • une plateforme a platform
• un dispositif électronique an electronic device • les réseaux sociaux social media
• l’encodage coding • un serveur a server, an online data service
• une entreprise de services an IT advisory • un serveur mandataire a proxy server
du numérique (ESN) • un signet a bookmark
• entrer des données to enter data • un site de la toile a Website
• un équipementier électronique Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) • un site incitant à la haine a hate site
• un essai a trial • télécharger to download
• des fréquences frequency bands • le téléchargement illégal illegal downloading
• l’informatique en nuage cloud computing • la toile mondiale World Wide Web
• installer un système d’exploitation to install an operating system • travailler en réseau to network
• interconnecté(e) interconnected • une(e) visionneur(se) a viewer
• du matériel de télécommunication telecommunication equipment • le vol d’identité identity theft
• modéliser un produit to modelise a product
• un nombre entier a whole number MOBILITÉ MOBILITY
• optimiser la consommation to optimise energy consumption • abordable affordable
énergétique • atterrir to land
• un périphérique a peripheral device • automatisé(e) automated
• la programmation des systèmes system programming • autonome autonomous, self-driving
• programmer des instructions to program instructions • l’autonomie autonomy, range
• recenser les points à tester to identify the points to be tested • un avion à réaction a jet plane
• rédiger un cahier des charges to chart a specification book/brief/note • une bande d’arrêt d’urgence an emergency lane
• un réseau a network • un billet a ticket
• sans fil wireless • une capsule a pod
• le savoir-faire électronique electronic know-how • un capteur a sensor
• la sécurisation safeguarding, securing • des caractéristiques features
• la sécurité safety • un chemin de fer a railroad
• un système embarqué an embedded system • la circulation traffic
• une société de services et Information Technology consulting • un(e) citadin(e) an urbanite, a city-dweller
d’ingéniérie en informatique (SSII) service • un convoi a convoy
• un test de conformité a compliance test • un cycliste a cyclist
• transmettre des données to transmit data • le décollage take off
• la détection d’obstacles obstacle detection
INTERNET THE INTERNET • des embouteillages traffic congestion
• un accès à haut débit a high-speed access • des feux tricolores traffic lights
• un administrateur de site a Webmaster • fiable reliable
• ajouter aux signets to bookmark • un flux a flow
• un article de forum a news item/posting/article • une gare a station
• autoroutes de l’information information highways • grouillant(e), trépidant(e) bustling
• une barrière de sécurité a firewall • les heures de pointe peak hours
• un cadre a frame • un horaire a schedule
• un code d’accès a login • hypersonique hypersonic
• un concentrateur a hub • un itinéraire a route
• un(e) connaisseur(se) en matière a Web-savvy • mener un essai to conduct a trial
de web • monter à bord to board (a plane, train)
• se connecter à to connect to • des moyens de transport means of transportation
• une cyberconférence a Web conference • organiser un voyage to plan a trip
• la cyberintimidation cyberbullying • un panneau routier a road sign
• un débit asymétrique a asymmetric bit rate • partager to share
• déchiffrer, décrypter un code to crack a code • un(e) piéton(ne) a pedestrian
• diffusion sur la toile webcasting, netcasting • une plaque tournante du transport a transportation hub
• une dorsale Internet an Internet backbone • la possession d’une voiture car ownership
• en ligne online • pratique practical, convenient
• extranet extranet • prendre le volant to take the wheel
• un fil (de discussion) a thread • la sécurité routière road safety
• un forum de discussion a forum, newsgroup, chatroom • sûr(e) safe
• un fournisseur d’accès an access provider • un trajet a ride
• glisser drag and drop • les transports publics public transport (PT)
• l’hameçonnage phishing • un vaisseau spatial a spaceship/craft
• l’hébergement hosting • un vélo électrique an e-bike
• un hyperlien a hyperlink • la vitesse de croisière cruising speed
• un hypertexte a hypertext • la vitesse de vol flight speed
• un internaute a cybernaut • une voie de bus a bus lane
• une liste de signets a hotlist • une voiture volante a flying car
• un jeu multijoueur en ligne an online multiplayer game • un vol a flight
• un module d’extension a plug-in • voler to fly, flew, flown
• un mot de passe a password • un(e) voyageur(se) a traveller
• un moteur de recherche a search engine
• un navigateur a browser ÉNERGIE ENERGY
• naviguer sur internet to browse the Web • un barrage a dam
• un nom de domaine a domain name • des biocarburants biofuels
• une page d’accueil a home page • la biomasse biomass
• une page sur la toile a Web page • un carburant à base de pétrole a petroleum-based fuel
• pair à pair peer-to-peer • la chaleur heat
• une passerelle a gateway • un champ d’éoliennes a wind farm
• un pirate de l’Internet a hacker • le charbon coal
• pirater to hack • le combustible fuel

• le diésel diesel • trier to sort

• l’énergie éolienne wind power • le tri sélectif selective sorting
• l’énergie hors réseau off-grid power • la vapeur steam
• l’énergie hydraulique hydroelectricity
• l’énergie marémotrice tidal energy ROBOTIQUE ROBOTICS
• l’énergie nucléaire nuclear-generated power • un actionneur an actuator
• l’énergie solaire solar energy • une analyse d’images an image analysis
• des énergies alternatives alternative sources of energy • un appareil intelligent a smart appliance
• une éolienne a wind turbine • l’apprentissage machine machine learning
• exploiter to tap • une articulation a joint
• extraire to extract • l’asservissement visuel visual servoing
• gazeux(se) gaseous • autodéterminer to self-determine
• le gaz naturel natural gas • l’automatisation automation
• générer de l’énergie to generate power • l’autonomie autonomy
• la géothermie geothermal energy • une batterie au lithium a lithium battery
• l’hydrogène hydrogen • un boîtier de commande a teach pendant
• liquide liquid • un bras préhenseur a gripper arm
• la lumière light • des calculs mathématiques math calculations
• maîtriser to harness • la capacité de charge load capacity
• un panneau solaire a solar panel • un capteur d’effort a force-torque sensor
• une panne de courant a power failure • un capteur de glissement a slip sensor
• le pétrole brut crude oil • (en) circuit fermé closed-loop
• une plateforme pétrolière an oil rig • commandé par ordinateur computer-controlled
• des polycarburants flex fuels • la conception assistée par computer aided design (CAD)
• produire de l’électricité to produce electricity ordinateur (CAO)
• refroidissement cooling • la conformité compliance
• un réseau a grid, a network • des coordonnées cartésiennes Cartesian coordinates
• tournoyer to spin, spun, spun • un couple a torque
• des données absolues absolute data
L’ENVIRONNEMENT THE ENVIRONMENT • un drone de surveillance a surveillance drone
• alimenter to fuel • un exosquelette an exoskeleton
• anéantir to wipe out • la force de serrage clamping force
• baisser les émissions to lower emissions • l’identification par empreinte digitale finger print identification
• bio organic • Intelligence artificielle (IA) artificial intelligence (AI)
• les biocarburants biofuels • un lacet a yaw
• le changement climatique climate change • un logiciel de synthèse vocale speech synthesis software
• contaminer to contaminate • la logique floue fuzzy logic
• cracher to spew • un manipulateur articulé an articulated manipulator
• dangereux(se) harmful • une matrice de rotation a rotation matrix
• se débarrasser de to dispose of • un moteur d’inférence an inference engine
• une décharge a landfill • une pince à aspiration a vacuum gripper
• les déchets toxiques toxic waste • des pinces à souder par points a spot weld gun
• les dégâts damage • prise et pose pick-and-place
• le développement durable sustainable development • réaliser des tâches to perform tasks
• déverser dans to dump into • la reconnaissance de formes pattern recognition
• le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) carbon dioxide (CO2) • la reconnaissance optique Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• l’écoblanchiment greenwashing de caractères
• un(e) écologiste an environmentalist • la reconnaissance vocale speech recognition
• les émissions emissions • un robot à câbles a tendon drive robot
• empoisonner to poison • un robot actif conforme an active compliant robot
• les énergies fossiles fossil fuels • un robot portique a gantry robot
• les énergies renouvelables renewable energies • le roulis roll
• épuiser to use up • un soldat robot a robot soldier
• la faune, la vie sauvage wildlife • sophistiqué(e) sophisticated
• les gaz à effet de serre greenhouse gases • la soudure à l’arc arc welding
• les gaz d’échappement exhaust fumes • un système expert an expert system
• jetable disposable • le tangage pitch
• limiter to curb • tenir un journal de bord to keep logs
• les matières premières raw materials • un test de vieillissement a burn-in test
• une menace pour a threat to • le traitement parallèle parallel processing
• menacer to threaten
• nettoyer to clean up SANTÉ ET SÉCURITÉ HEALTH AND SAFETY
• non polluant(e) non-polluting • des bandes réfléchissantes reflective stripes
• nocif(ve) noxious • des barrières métalliques metal barriers
• les ordures rubbish, garbage • le bien-être welfare
• la pollution pollution • blesser to injure
• la préservation conservation • une blessure an injury
• les produits chimiques chemicals • des bottes boots
• le réchauffement climatique global warming • un bouchon d’oreille an earplug
• reconvertir to repurpose • brûler to burn, burnt, burnt
• recycler to recycle • une brûlure a burn
• réduire to lower, to reduce • un casque a helmet
• rénover to refurbish • un casque de sécurité a hard hat

• respectueux(se) de l’environnement environmentally friendly • la charge de travail workload
• les ressources resources • une charge lourde a heavy load
• la sécheresse drought • chaussures à embout d’acier steel-toed boots/shoes
• souiller l’air to foul the air • un choc électrique an electric shock
GLOSSARY FRENCH-ENGLISH• 161

• une combinaison de travail coveralls, a jumpsuit • une fiche de suivi a follow-up sheet
• la confiance trust • une fiche technique / signalétique a specification sheet
• des coquilles anti-bruit ear muffs • un guide des unités de production an operations guide
• une couverture médicale a health care cover • un guide pratique a how-to book
• un danger a hazard • un guide d’utilisateur an operator’s guide
• dangereux(se) hazardous, unsafe • un historique a history file
• débrancher to unplug • une liste de composants illustrée an illustrated parts list (IPL)
• une dépression nerveuse a nervous breakdown • un manuel d’entretien et de réparation a parts and service manual
• une électrocution an electrocution • un manuel de l’utilisateur a user’s reference manual
• empêcher un accident to prevent an accident • un manuel d’utilisation an operational handbook/manual
• envoyer un signal de détresse to signal for help • la marche à suivre general procedure
• équilibré(e) balanced • un mode d’emploi directions for use
• l’équipement personnel de protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • une nomenclature de pièces a parts list
• l’équité fairness • une note de service a memorandum/memo
• faire attention où l’on marche to watch one’s steps • une notice de démontage dismantling instructions
• faire face au risque to face risks • une notice de maintenance maintenance instructions
• faire mal to hurt, hurt, hurt • une notice de montage assembly instructions
• un fardeau a burden • une notice de recherche de pannes a troubleshooting guide
• un fil électrique dénudé a naked wire • une notice d’utilisation instructions for use
• des gants gloves • un plan de fabrication a manufacturing drawing
• gérer la pression to handle pressure • une plaque minéralogique a registration plate
• gérer le risque to manage the risk • des précautions d’emploi precautions for use
• le harcèlement harassment • un rapport d’incident a failure/malfunction report
• (à) haute visibilité hi-vis • un rapport d’inspection an inspection report
• un interrupteur de sécurité a safety switch • un schéma de câblage a wiring diagram
• une issue de secours a fire exit • un schéma de montage a connecting diagram
• mettre en danger to jeopardise • un tableau de dépannage a fault-finding chart
• des lunettes de sécurité safety goggles
• le mal de dos backache CONTROLE QUALITÉ QUALITY CONTROL
• un masque anti-poussière a dust mask • activer to activate
• une pandémie a pandemic • adapter sur mesure to tailor
• un panneau d’avertissement a warning sign • aléatoire random
• une plaie a wound • allumer to switch, to turn on
• protéger to protect • améliorer to improve
• ranger to tidy up • appuyer sur to press
• rapporter un danger to report a hazard • (s’) assurer que to ensure, to make sure
• responsabilité sociale Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) • des caractéristiques specifications
des entreprises (RSE) • conçu(e) pour designed to
• responsable de responsible for • conforme aux normes meeting standards
• un risque a risk • contrôler to control, to monitor
• (au) rythme rapide fast-paced • la convenance convenience
• une semelle en caoutchouc a rubber sole • corriger to rectify
• sûr(e) safe • déclencher to trigger
• surchargé(e) de travail overworked • un défaut a defect, flaw, fault
• le surmenage burnout • défectueux(se) faulty
• un traitement medication, treatment • détecter un défaut to detect a flaw
• traumatisé(e) traumatised • un dispositif a device
• le travail des enfants child labour • des données fabriquées fabricated data
• trébucher to trip • l’efficacité efficiency
• trouble de la santé mentale mental health condition • erroné(e) erroneous
• une urgence an emergency • éteindre to switch, to turn off
• vérifier to check • un(e) expert(e) an expert
• falsifier des données to falsify data
DOCUMENTATION TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION • la fiabilité reliability
• un cahier des charges a specification manual • glisser to slide, slid, slid
• des caractéristiques techniques technical data/features/particulars • insérer to insert
• un carnet de commandes an order book • mener des vérifications to run checks
• un carnet d’entretien a service handbook, a maintenance • un mode d’emploi instructions for use
logbook • pas à pas step by step
• un catalogue de pièces de rechange a replacements manual • des pièces détachées spare parts
• des conseils d’utilisation hints/notes on use • pointu(e) sharp
• des consignes de marche running instructions • à la portée de within reach of
• des consignes d’utilisation operating documentation • pratique practical/convenient
• des cotes de fabrication manufacturing dimensions • prendre des mesures to take steps
• un dessin coté a dimensional drawing • un problème an issue/a problem
• la documentation de maintenance maintenance documentation • réinitialiser to reset
• un dossier d’exploitation (de progiciel) a runbook • répondant aux normes up to standard
• un dossier de fabrication a production file • retirer to remove
• un dossier de produit a product brief • signaler to report
• une épure a blueprint • un taux d’erreur an error rate
• un état périodique a progress report • tirer to pull
• une fiche d’intervention a repair sheet • vérifier to check

Linguistic Tools
ACRONYMES & ABRÉVIATIONS

# tools
+ d’acronymes et d’abréviations
• AC Alternating Current courant alternatif
foucherconnect.fr/
• AFR Annualised Failure Rate taux annuel de défaillances 21ind76
• A-levels Advanced Levels baccalauréat

• AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual manuel de maintenance de l’avion
• AOG Aircraft On Ground avion immobilisé au sol
• AOL Achieved Overhaul Life intervalle effectif entre deux révisions
• AQL Acceptable Quality Level niveau de qualité acceptable
• ATE Automatic Test Equipment matériel d’essai et de contrôle de circuits imprimés
• BCM Business-Centered Maintenance maintenance centrée sur les besoins de l’entreprise
• BIT Built-intest autotest
• BOM Bill Of Materials nomenclature
• CBM Condition-Based Maintenance maintenance liée à l’état du matériel
• CBO Cycles Between Overhauls cycles entre révisions
• CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics dynamique des fluides numérique
• CMM Computerised Maintenance Management maintenance assistée par ordinateur (MAO)
• CMT Certified Maintenance Technician technicien de maintenance qualifié
• CPU Central Processing Unit unité centrale de traitement
• CQE Certified Quality Engineer ingénieur qualité certifié
• DC Direct Current courant direct
• DIN work Do It Now tâche du moment
• DNS Domain Name System système d’adressage par domaines, annuaire des domaines
• DOA Dead On Arrival en panne sitôt déballé
• DT Downtime durée d’immobilisation
• DUT Device Under Test système sous test
• IAP/ISP Internet access/service provider fournisseur d’accès à internet (FAI)
• IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Institut des ingénieurs électriciens et électroniciens
• IP Internet Protocol protocole de communication internet
• IPL Illustrated Parts List une liste de composants illustrée
• ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network réseau numérique à intégration de services (RNIS)
• ISO International Standard Organisation Organisation internationale de normalisation
•£ pound (100 pence) livre
• lb pound (450 grams) livre
• mph miles per hour miles par heure
• MRO Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul maintenance
• MTBD/E/F Mean Time Between Defects/Errors/Failures temps moyen entre défauts/erreurs/pannes
• MTBM/O Mean Time Between Maintenances/ Overhauls temps moyen entre maintenances/ révisions
• MTTF Mean Time To Failure temps moyen de fonctionnement avant panne
• MTTM Mean Time To Maintenance temps moyen jusqu’à la maintenance
• MTTR Mean Time To Recovery/Repair temps moyen jusqu’à la remise en route/réparation
• NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Agence nationale de l’aéronautique et de l’espace
• Oz ounce une once (32g)
• PM Preventive maintenance maintenance préventive
• PPM Planned preventive maintenance maintenance préventive planifiée
• PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network réseau téléphonique commuté public (RTCP)
• TEEP Total effective equipment taux d’efficacité globale
• TPM Third-Party Maintenance maintenance par une société spécialisée
• TSN/O Time Since New/ Overhaul temps depuis neuf (TDN) / révision (TDR)
• TTR Time To Reinstate temps pour remettre en service
• UHT Ultra High Temperature ultra haute température (UHT)
• USS United-States Standard norme des États-Unis
• WBA Why-Because Analysis étude des facteurs de causalité
• WIP Work In Progress travaux en cours (TEC)

• WO Work Order ordre de travaux (OT), bon de travail (BT)
• WR Work Request demande de travaux (DT)
• WT Waiting Time temps d’attente
LINGUISTIC TOOLS • 163

Linguistic Tools
LES MOTS DE LIAISON
ADDITION CONTRAST
• also aussi • by/in contrast par opposition

• as well as ainsi que • on the contrary au contraire
• besides en outre, d’ailleurs • on the one hand… on the other hand d’une part… d’autre part
• furthermore/moreover/what’s more de plus • otherwise sinon
• in addition to en plus de • whereas alors que
• on top of that en plus de cela • while tandis que
• not only… but also non seulement… mais encore
• too aussi
REPHRASING
• as a matter of fact en fait

CAUSE
• as follows comme suit
• as comme • by the way à propos
• because parce que • for example/for instance/e.g. par exemple
• because of à cause de • in any case en tout cas
• due to dû à • in fact en fait
• for car • in other words en d’autres termes
• given that étant donné que • in that case dans ce cas-là
• owing to en raison de • in the same way de la même manière
• since puisque • indeed en effet
• namely à savoir
• say disons
COMPARISON • such as tel(les) que
• by/in comparison en comparaison

• in the same way de la même manière
TIME
• likewise également
• similarly de même • as au moment où
• as soon as dès que
• for depuis
CONCESSION • hardly… when à peine… que

• in the first place en premier lieu
• all the same malgré tout • in the meantime/meanwhile pendant ce temps-là
• although/though bien que • last but not least enfin et surtout
• even though même si • next ensuite
• however/still/yet pourtant • no sooner… than à peine… que
• instead of au lieu de • once une fois que
• in spite of/despite en dépit de • since depuis que
• nevertheless/nonetheless néanmoins • till/until jusqu’à ce que
• yet pourtant • then puis, ensuite
• when quand
• while pendant
CONSEQUENCE
• as a consequence en conséquence
• as a result de ce fait, en conséquence
• hence d’où
• so donc, par conséquent
• so that de sorte que

• that’s why c’est pourquoi
• therefore par conséquent
• thus ainsi
164 • LINGUISTIC TOOLS

Linguistic Tools
LES FAUX-AMIS
to abuse insulter abuser to take advantage indulgence le laisser-aller l’indulgence leniency
to accommodate loger accommoder to prepare invaluable inestimable non valable invalid, not valid
to achieve réaliser achever to complete a lecture une conférence la lecture reading
actually en fait actuellement at present a location un emplacement la location renting, a lease
affluence la richesse l’affluence rush a mechanic un mécanicien la mécanique engineering
caution la prudence une caution a guarantee a medicine un médicament un médecin a doctor
a character un personnage le caractère nature mercy la miséricorde merci thanks
to charge faire payer charger to load a notice un avis, préavis une notice a note, instructions
a check un contrôle un chèque a cheque a partition une séparation une partition a score
close proche, serré(e) clos(e) closed petrol l’essence le pétrole oil, petroleum
a commodity une marchandise la commodité convenience a photograph une photographie un photographe a photographer
comprehensive complet(ète) compréhensif(ve) understanding a phrase une expression une phrase a sentence
a conductor un(e) contrôleur(se) un(e) conducteur(rice) a driver positive catégorique positif(ve) definite
a confection une friandise la confection ready-made clothes to prevent empêcher prévenir to warn
consistent cohérent(e) consistant(e) solid, thick proper adéquat(e) propre clean, decent
to contemplate envisager contempler to gaze at to recover se rétablir recouvrir to cover
a copy un exemplaire une copie a reproduction refuse les déchets un refus a refusal
countenance l’expression (visage) la contenance capacity to regard considérer regarder to look at
to deceive tromper décevoir to disappoint to relieve soulager relever to raise
a delay un retard un délai a time limit to resume recommencer résumer to sum up
to dispose of se débarrasser de disposer to arrange a route un itinéraire une route a road
a dispute un conflit une dispute a quarrel, argument rude grossier(ère) rude rough, hard
distracted fou(lle), égaré(e) distrait(e) absent-minded sensible raisonnable sensible sensitive
engaged occupé(e) engagé(e) committed (artist) a socket une douille une soquette a sock
an estate un domaine un état a state, condition a store un magasin un store a blind, shade
eventually finalement éventuellement possibly a suit un costume une suite a sequel
expertise la compétence une expertise an expert’s report to supply fournir supplier to implore
extra supplémentaire extra first-rate to survey examiner surveiller to supervise
fortunate chanceux(se) fortuné(e) wealthy, well-off sympathetic compatissant(e) sympathique nice, friendly
gentle doux(ce) gentil(le) nice, kind tentative timide une tentative an attempt
grand grandiose grand(e) tall, big touchy susceptible touché(e) moved
grapes le raisin une grappe a bunch (of grapes) a tour un voyage, circuit un tour a stroll, drive, turn
a habit une habitude les habits dress, clothes vacation les vacances une vacation a session, sitting
hazard un danger le hasard chance valid valable valide fit, well
inconvenient inopportun(e) inconvenant(e) improper a wagon un chariot un wagon a carriage, car

Linguistic Tools
LES VERBES IRRÉGULIERS # tools

Apprendre les verbes irréguliers
autrement
to awake awoke awoken se réveiller foucherconnect.fr/
21ind77
to be was been être

to feel felt felt ressentir
to bear bore borne porter, supporter
to fight fought fought combattre
to beat beat beaten battre
to find found found trouver
to become became become devenir
to fly flew flown voler
to begin began begun commencer
to forbid forbade forbidden interdire
to bend bent bent courber
to forget forgot forgotten oublier
to bet bet bet parier
to forgive forgave forgiven pardonner
to bite bit bitten mordre
to freeze froze frozen geler
to bleed bled bled saigner
to get got got/gotten obtenir
to blow blew blown souffler
to give gave given donner
to break broke broken casser
to go went gone aller
to bring brought brought apporter
to grow grew grown croître
to build built built construire
to hang hung hung pendre
to burn burnt burnt brûler
to have had had avoir
to burst burst burst éclater
to hear heard heard entendre
to buy bought bought acheter
to hide hid hidden cacher
to catch caught caught attraper
to hit hit hit frapper
to choose chose chosen choisir
to hold held held tenir
to come came come venir
to hurt hurt hurt blesser
to cost cost cost coûter
to keep kept kept garder
to creep crept crept ramper
knelt/ knelt/
to cut cut cut couper to kneel s’agenouiller
kneeled kneeled
to deal dealt dealt distribuer to know knew known savoir
to do did done faire to lay laid laid poser
to draw drew drawn dessiner to lead led led mener
to dream dreamt dreamt rêver to lean leant leant pencher
to drink drank drunk boire to learn learnt learnt apprendre
to drive drove driven conduire to leave left left partir
to eat ate eaten manger to lend lent lent prêter

to fall fell fallen tomber to let let let laisser
to feed fed fed nourrir to lie lay lain être allongé
166 • LINGUISTIC TOOLS

Linguistic Tools
to light lit lit allumer to sow sowed sown semer
to lose lost lost perdre to speak spoke spoken parler
to make made made faire to speed sped sped se hâter
to mean meant meant signifier spelt/ spelt/

to spell épeler
spelled spelled
to meet met met rencontrer
to spend spent spent dépenser
to mistake mistook mistaken se tromper de
to spit spat spat cracher
to mow mowed mown tondre
to split split split fendre
to pay paid paid payer
spoilt/ spoilt/
to spoil gâcher
to put put put mettre spoiled spoiled
to quit quit quit abandonner to spread spread spread étendre
to read read read lire to spring sprang sprung jaillir, bondir
to ride rode ridden chevaucher to stand stood stood se tenir debout
to ring rang rung sonner to steal stole stolen voler
to rise rose risen se lever to stick stuck stuck coller
to run ran run courir to stink stank stunk puer
to say said said dire to strike struck struck frapper
to see saw seen voir to swear swore sworn jurer
to seek sought sought chercher to sweep swept swept balayer
to sell sold sold vendre to swim swam swum nager
to send sent sent envoyer to swing swung swung balancer
to set set set placer to take took taken prendre
to sew sewed sewn coudre to teach taught taught enseigner
to shake shook shaken secouer to tear tore torn déchirer
to shine shone shone briller to tell told told raconter
to shoot shot shot tirer, abattre to think thought thought penser
to show showed shown montrer to throw threw thrown jeter
to shut shut shut fermer to understand understood understood comprendre
to sing sang sung chanter to wake woke woken éveiller
porter
to sink sank sunk couler to wear wore worn
(un vêtement)
to sit sat sat être assis
to weep wept wept pleurer
to sleep slept slept dormir
to win won won gagner
to slide slid slid glisser

to wind wound wound enrouler
smelt/ smelt/
to smell sentir to write wrote written écrire
smelled smelled

Crédits photographiques
5 ph© Monty Rakusen/Getty Images 65 ph© Gorodenkoff – stock.adobe.com

7 ph© Newport Coast Media – stock.adobe.com 68 ph© dreamnikon/Getty Images
8 ph© Africa Studio – stock.adobe.com 70 ph© Gorodenkoff – stock.adobe.com
10 ph© Scanrail – stock.adobe.com 72 ph© goodluz – stock.adobe.com
12 ph© leungchopan – stock.adobe.com 77 © Robert Bosch GmbH
17 ph© Frances Roberts / Alamy Stock photo 80 ph© iaremenko – stock.adobe.com
20 ph© vectorstory – stock.adobe.com 82 ph© photo12/Alamy/dpa picture alliance
22 ph© pantovich – stock.adobe.com 84 Reaction Engines © 2021 All rights reserved
24 ph© Yakobchuk Olena – stock.adobe.com 87 ph© Björn Wylezich – stock.adobe.com
29 ph© Robert Reiners / Getty Images North 89 ph© chungking – stock.adobe.com
America / Getty Images via AFP 92 ph© ptyszku – stock.adobe.com
31 ph© alexlmx – stock.adobe.com 94 ph© sergey985 – stock.adobe.com
32 ph© Dennis Schneidler-USA TODAY Spor/SIPA 96 ph© Gabriel Cassan – stock.adobe.com
34 ph© Sergey Ryzhov – stock.adobe.com 99 ph© Rawpixel.com – stock.adobe.com
36 ph© Riot Games/Getty Images 101 ph© pichitstocker – stock.adobe.com
39 ph© MIKHAIL – stock.adobe.com 104 ph© topvectors – stock.adobe.com
41 ph© metamorworks – stock.adobe.com 106 ph© Pixel-Shot – stock.adobe.com
43 ph©merla – stock.adobe.com 108 ph© fottoo – stock.adobe.com
44 ph© Erik Tham/Getty Images 113 ph© Nitat Termmee/Getty Images
46 ph© Bob Thomas Sports photography/Getty 115 (1) ph© barks – stock.adobe.com
Images 115 (2) ph© ilbusca / Getty Images
48 ph© Johnny Fidelin/Icon Sport/Getty Images 116 ph© rosinka79 – stock.adobe.com
51 ph© New Africa – stock.adobe.com 118 ph© The Asahi Shimbun/Getty Images
53 ph© stnazkul – stock.adobe.com 120 ph© Oliver Berg/Zuma Press/ZumaA/REA
54 ph© rh2010 – stock.adobe.com
56 ph© Николай Батаев – stock.adobe.com Couverture_1 ph© coward_lion – stock.adobe.com
58 ph© Mike Fouque – stock.adobe.com Couverture_2 ph© Serts / E+ / Getty Images
60 ph© Buffaloboy – stock.adobe.com Couverture_3 ph© wit88 / iStock / Getty Images Plus
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Corrige Anglais BTS Indus 1re Et 2e Annee - Ed 2021

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BTS 1 2

jump Les nouveaux

jump Les nouveaux

V. Baisnée, maître de conférences, IUT de Sceaux

E. Cooper, enseignante, université de Lille

F. Le Graverend, professeure agrégée, classes préparatoires scientifiques

L. Moire, professeure, classes de BTS, lycée Fernand Léger, Ivry-sur-Seine

C. Vannier, enseignante, classes de BTS et IUT, Avignon

Unit 2 Recruiting Talent 17

Unit 3 Esport: The Recognition of New Athletes 29

Unit 4 Technology Helping Sport Performances 41

Unit 5 Technology and Everyday Life 53

Unit 7 Future of Mobility 77

Unit 8 Firms Go Green 89

Unit 9 Health and Safety at Work 101

Unit 10 Technical Instructions and Quality 113

Annexes Method for the exam 125 Glossary 153

Le photocopillage, c’est l’usage abusif et collectif de la photocopie sans

essentiels façon ludique

Mode d’emploi des ressources numériques

Lorsque je rencontre un pictogramme ressource au ﬁl des pages :

1. Je vais sur www.foucherconnect.fr Des FLASHCODES

Yes, I like travelling and I don’t like working in a closed space.

UNIT 1 - Working Life • 5

ACTIVITY 1 Types of jobs/work # audio

Match each person (a-g) with a type of job (1-7).

ACTIVITY 2 The difference between “job” and “work”

A painting, piece of I have read the complete

2 Job or Work? Fill in the gaps with work or job.

a • She’s stressed because she’s got problems at work .

b • I’m looking for a job for the summer.

c • I got a lot of work done today.

d • This orchestra will be playing a work by Mozart.

e • Writing this report is your job .

f • I’ve got a big cleaning job to do today.

a • I work for the BBC.

6 • UNIT 1 - Working Life

ACTIVITY 3 Ways of working

1. shift work 2. teleworking 3. clocking in and out 4. flexitime 5. commute to work

ACTIVITY 4 Workplaces: Apple Park

5 Find the facts about Apple Park.

Size 2.8 million square feet Type of

◗ to manage work-life balance: gérer l’équilibre ◗ stress-free: sans stress

UNIT 1 - Working Life • 7

What causes stress at work? # vidéo

❒ 43% ❒ 83% ❒ 33%

8 • UNIT 1 - Working Life

Low pay and unreasonable workload.

Visit their website to discover five easy ways to reduce stress.

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

2. Explain what you notice.

2. Prepare a questionnaire on stress. Write down about ten questions

UNIT 1 - Working Life • 9

Why women don’t pursue

1 Say if these statements are right or wrong. Justify your answers.

a. Most people in the US are interested in a career in STEM.

d. Many manufacturers cannot find people qualified enough to perform advanced

10 • UNIT 1 - Working Life

e. There are many women leaders in the manufacturing industry.

f. By not encouraging women, employers miss out on potential talents.

3 Say what manufacturers need to do to be truly successful.

5 Complete the sentences with words (a-g) from above.

a. Low-priced imports will harm the industry.