Aire Hmedo

Aire hmedo
T1=cte

Patm

Pv2
T

Pv1

T1=30C
p=0.04241
Sv
Sa

Evaporacin

Temperatura de roco
Enfriamiento a p=cte

na
.p
na + nv
nv
pv =
.p
na + nv

pa =

p = pv + pa

Humedad relativa
PvB

PvA
P

A
Q
W
T=cte

pvA pv ,t
=
pvB ps ,t

pv ,t
p s ,t

Humedad absoluta
Es la relacin entre la masa de agua
y la masa de aire seco

x=

mw
ma

x=

M w nw
.
M a na

x=

n
18.02 nw
. = 0.622. w
28.97 na
na

mw
ma + mw

x=

x = 0.622.

x = 0.622.

pv
p pv

pv
pa

Humedad absoluta
xs = 0.622.

pvs
p pvs

xs = f (t , p )
X

Zona de
niebla
X1

1
3

X=Xs

3
Zona no
saturada

2
1

t1

1-2: p=cte

t=cte

pv2>pv1

t 1-3: p=cte

t1>t3

pv=cte

x2>x1
x=cte

Grado de saturacin
=

x
xs

pv p pvs
.
pvs p pv

= .

pv
pvs

p pvs
p pv

Ecuacin de estado del aire

hmedo

pa .v = Ra .T

pv .v = x.Rv .T
( pv + pa ).v = ( Ra + x.Rv ).T
p = pa + pv
p.v = ( Ra + x.Rv ).T
Ra = 29.26.

kgr.m
kg.K

Rv = 47.07.

kgr.m
kg.K

Entalpa del aire hmedo no saturado

Aire seco, h0=0 p/ t0=0C

ha = c pa .t

c pa = 0.24

kcal
kg .C

Agua liquida, h0=0 p/ t0=0C

hv = r0 + c pv .t
c pv = 0.46

kcal
kg .C

r0 = 597

kcal
kg

1kg de aire seco + x kg de vapor de agua

h = 1ha + x.hv

h = c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t )

kcal
kg (as )

Entalpa del a.h. con niebla

1kg de aire seco + x kg de vapor + (x - x s ) kg de agua lquida
s
h = ha + xs .hv + ( x xs ).h1
h1 = c1.t

h = c pa .t + xs .(ro + c pv .t ) + ( x xs ).c1.t

kcal
kg (as )

1kg de aire seco + x kg de vapor + (x - x s ) kg de hielo

h = ha + xs .hv + ( x xs )hh
hh = f + c ph .t
h = c pa .t + xs .(ro + c pv .t ) + ( x xs ).( f + c ph .t )

Temperatura de saturacin adiabtica

h + ( xs x ).hw = hs

h >> ( xs x ).hw

h hs

c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t ) + ( xs x ).c pw .ts = c pa .ts + xs .(ro + c pv .ts )

Temperatura de saturacin adiabtica

c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t ) + ( xs x ).c pw .ts = c pa .ts + xs .(ro + c pv .ts )
c pa .t + x.ro + x.c pv .t + ( xs x ).c pw .ts =
= c pa .ts + ( xs x ).( ro + c pv .ts ) + x.( ro + c pv .ts )
( c pa + x.c pv ).t = ( xs x ).( ro + c pv .ts c pw .ts ) + ( c pa + x.c pv ).ts

c pa >> x.c pv

ro + c pv .ts c pw .ts = h' ' h' = r

c pa .t = ( xs x ).r + c pa .ts
ts = t

( xs x ).r
c pa

Temperatura de saturacin adiabtica

h hs

c pa .t + x.(ro + c pv .t ) = c pa .ts + xs .(ro + c pv .ts )

c pa .t + x.ro + x.c pv .t = c pa .ts + xs .ro + xs .c pv .ts
( c pa + x.c pv ).t + x.ro = ( c pa + xs .c pv ).ts + xs .ro

c pa .t + ( x xs ).ro = c pa .ts
ts t

( xs x ).ro
c pa

Temperatura de bulbo hmedo

Cantidad de agua q se evapora

dw = .F .( xs x ).d
Q1 = r.dw
Q1 = r..F .( xs x ).d
Q2 = k .F .(tbs tbh ).d
r..F .( xs x ).d = k .F .(tbs tbh ).d
r..( xs x ) = k .(tbs tbh )
tbh = tbs

r..( xs x )
k

Temperatura de bulbo hmedo

r..( xs x )
k
( x x ).r
ts = t s
c pa

tbh = tbs

r.
r
=
k
c pa
c pa .
=1
k

Relacin de Lewis

Diagrama psicromtrico

Diagrama psicromtrico
h = cpa .t + x.r0 + x.cpv .t

dh = cpa .dt + r0 .dx + x.cpv .dt + cpv .t.dx = 0

(r0 + cpv .t )dx = (cpa + x.cpv ).dt

cp + x.cpv
x
= a

r0 + cpv .t
t h =cte
cpa >> x.cpv r0 >> cpv .t

pvs ( t )

xs ( t ) = 0.622.

cp
x
a

r0
t h =cte

p pvs ( t )

x( 1,t ) = xs ( t ) .1

xs (t )

= 0 h = cpa .t t =

h
cpa

Diagrama entlpico
t2>0C
h(1+x)

p / t = cte aire no saturado

h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t )

x2.Cpv.t2

h = r0 . x + cpa .t + x.cpv .t

Cpa.t2

h
= r0 + cp v .t
x t
r0.x2

p / t = 0C aire no saturado
x2

h = r0 . x
h
= r0
x t

Diagrama entlpico

Diagrama entlpico
p / t = cte aire no saturado

t2>0C
h(1+x)

h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t )

t1> t2
x2.Cpv.t2

h = r0 . x + cpa .t + x.cpv .t

Cpa.t2
t2>0C

x2.Cpv.t2

r0.x2

h1

h1-h2

Cpa.t2

h
= r0 + cp v .t
x t
p / t = 0C aire no saturado

x=0
x2
h2
r0.x2
x1
x2

h=cte
h=0

h = r0 . x
h
= r0
x t

10

Diagrama entlpico
h1+x

Lh
a
=
sen sen
++ =
= ( + )

h2
a

Lh

h1

X1

X2

sen = sen[ ( + )] = sen ( + )

sen ( + ) = sen. cos + sen. cos

Lx
Lx
a=
a
sen
Lh
Lx
=
sen. cos + sen. cos sen.sen

sen
X =

Lx

Lh sen. cos sen. cos

=
+
= cot g + cot g
Lx sen.sen sen.sen

Diagrama entlpico
h1+x

cot g = tg
2

+ = cot g = tg
2
+ =

h2
a

Lh

h1

X1

Lh
= tg + tg
Lx

X2

Lx

h
h
1
=
= tg + tg
.
Esch x
x.resc
Esc x

Lh =

h
Esch

KJ
Esch =

kg .cm

Lx =

x
Escx

kg w
Escx =

kg as .cm

resc =

Esch
Escx

KJ
kg

11

Diagrama entlpico
h1+x

h
= tg + tg
x.resc

h2
a

Lh

h1

X1

p / h = cte h = 0 tg = tg =

p / x = cte x = 0 tg + tg = =

X2

Lx

p / t = cte aire no saturado

h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t )

h
= r0 + cp v .t
x t
p / t = 0 C

h
= r0
x t

Diagrama entlpico
h1+x

h
= tg + tg
x.resc

h2
a

Lh

h1

X1

Lx

r0
= tg + tg
resc

Adopto = 0 p / t = 0 C

X2
X

tg =

r0
resc

12

Diagrama entlpico
p / t = cte niebla lquida
h = cpa .t + xs (r0 + cpv .t ) + (x xs ).cl .t

h
= cl .t
x t

cl .t
r
= tg + tg = 0 + tg
resc
resc
tg =

r0 cl .t
+
resc resc

p / t = 0 C niebla lquida
tg =

r0
= tg
resc

Diagrama entlpico
p / t = cte niebla hielo
h = cpa .t + x.(r0 + cpv .t ) + ( x xs )( f + cph .t )

h
= f + cph .t
x t

r
f + cph .t
= tg + tg = 0 + tg
resc
resc

tg =

r0 f
+
resc
resc

13

Diagrama entlpico

Mezcla de corrientes de a.h.

Conservacin de la materia

m = m1 + m2
m.x = m1.x1 + m2 .x2
x=

m1.x1 + m2 .x2
m1 + m2

Conservacin de la energa (PP)

m.h = m1.h1 + m2 .h2

h=

m1.h1 + m2 .h2
m1 + m2

14

Mezcla de corrientes de a.h.

m1. x + m2 . x = m1. x1 + m2 . x2
m2 . x m2 . x2 = m1. x1 m1. x
m2 .( x x2 ) = m1.( x1 x )
m1.h + m2 .h = m1.h1 + m2 .h2
m2 .h m2 .h2 = m1.h1 m1.h
m2 .(h h2 ) = m1.(h1 h )

m2 .(h h2 ) m1.(h1 h )
=
m2 .( x x2 ) m1.( x1 x )
h2 h h h1
=
x2 x x x1

Mezcla de corrientes de a.h.

h

h2

x=
2

g1
M

m1
m
g2 = 2
m
m
x = g1.x1 + g 2 .x2

g1 =

g1 + g 2 = 1

g2

h1

m1.x1 + m2 .x2
m1 + m2

x = (1 g 2 ).x1 + g 2 .x2
x = x1 g 2 .x1 + g 2 .x2

g2 =
X1

X2

x x1 1M
=
x2 x1 1 _ 2

1M = 1 _ 2.g 2

15

Humidificacin
Incorporacin de agua en
estado lquido o de vapor a
una corriente de aire hmedo

m. x1 + W = m. x2

x2 x1 =

w
m

m.h1 + W .hw = m.h2

h2 h1 =

W
hw
m

h2 h1
= hw
x2 x1

Secado
Ma(x2,t2,h2)
Mm, t

Mm+w,t

Ma(x1,t1,h1)

Material no higroscpico

ma . x1 + W = ma . x2
W = ma .( x2 x1 )
ma .h1 + mm .hm1 + W .hw + Q = ma .h2 + mm .hm 2

Q = ma .(h2 h1 ) + mm .(hm 2 hm1 ) W .hw

hm 2 hm1 = cm (t"t `)
hw = cw .t `
Q = ma .(h2 h1 ) + mm .cm (t"t `) W .cw .t `

16

Secado
Q = ma .(h2 h1 ) + mm .cm (t"t `) W .cw .t `

W = ma .( x2 x1 )
Q h2 h1 mm .cm
(t"t`) cw .t`
=
+
W x2 x1
W
Llamando q a:

mm .cm
(t"t`) cw .t`
W
Q h2 h1
+q
=
W x2 x1
q=

Despreciando el valor de q

Q h2 h1
=
W x2 x1

Secado
x2 = x1 +

W
ma

h2 h1 Q
Q
= q
x2 x1 W
W

17

Secado con precalentador

ma =

W
W
=
x3 x2 x3 x1

Q = ma (h2 h1 ) = ma (h3 h1 )
Q h3 h1
=
W x3 x1

18