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Mélange :
[H O ] = C + C
3
+
AH1 AH 2
acide fort (AH1)+ acide fort (AH2) pH = −log (C + C ) AH1 AH 2
Mélange :
[H O ] = C + C ≈ C
3
+
AH1 AH 2 AH1
acide fort (AH1)+ acide faible (AH2) pH = −log (C ) AH1
[H O ] == (K )
1
+
3 a AH1 C AH1 + K a AH2 C AH 2 2
Mélange :
acide faible (AH1)+ acide faible (AH2) 1
(
pH = − log K a AH1 C AH1 + K a AH2 C AH 2
2
)
Mélange :
base forte (B1)+ base forte (B2)
(
pH = 14 + log C B1 + C B2 )
Mélange :
base forte (B1)+ base faible (B2)
pH = 14 + log (C ) B1
1 CB C
Mélange :
pH = 7 + log 1
+ B2
base faible (B1)+ base faible (B2) 2 Ka K a B2
B1
pH amphotère
ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﺬ ﺑﺬ ب
1
2
(
pH = log pK a AH + pK a AH2
1
)
[Base]
pH = pK a + log
[Acide]
pH Solution tampon
Mélange pH
na > nb ↔ CaVa > CbVb → milieu acide :
C V - C b Vb
pH = −log C a = −log a a
*
Mélange : VT
acide fort + base forte nb > na ↔ CbVb > CaVa → milieu basique :
C V - C a Va
(ex : HCl/NaOH)
pH = 14 + log C a = 14 + log b b
*
VT
nb = na ↔ CbVb = CaVa → milieu neutre : pH = 7
pH =
1
2
( ) 1
(
pK a - log C a = pK a - log C b
*
2
*
)
C V C V
= C b = a a = b b
* *
Ca
VT VT
na > nb ↔ CaVa > CbVb → pH solution tampon
[Base]
pH = pK a + log
[Acide]
nb > na ↔ CbVb > CaVa → pH base forte
Mélange : C V - C a Va
pH = 14 + log C a = 14 + log b b
*
acide faible + base forte
VT
(ex : CH3COOH/NaOH) nb = na ↔ CbVb = CaVa → pH base faible
1
pH = 14 − (pK b + log C b )
2
1
pH = 7 + (pK a + log C b )
2
Mélange : nb = na ↔ CbVb = CaVa → solution amphotère
acide faible + base faible
(ex : CH3COOH/NH3)
pH =
1
2
(
log pK a 1 + pK a 2 )
Dr. BOUANIMBA N.