NEW ACTIVE BUSINESS TRACKS BTS 1 & 2 Teacher's Book

Active
Business
Tracks
Anglais
BTS 1re et 2e années
Livre du professeur
Claire Delarocque
Marie-Hélène Fougeron
1
Sommaire
Livre de Livre du
l’élève professeur
Introduction générale 3
1. Consumers 12 5
2. Marketing & distribution 30 12
3. Companies 52 21
4. Work 70 28
5. Transports 88 37
6. World challenges : sustainability and AI 106 44
7. World Global issues 124 52
© Nathan 2022 – 92, avenue de France – 75013 Paris

ISBN : 978-2-09-167085-1
2
Introduction générale
La disparité grandissante du niveau des étudiants dans nos sections de BTS ainsi que les conditions
sanitaires ces dernières années nous ont amenées à repenser les objectifs d’un manuel scolaire.
Celui-ci doit rester un outil pour le /la professeur (e) et en même temps un support d’apprentissage pour
l’étudiant(e) en autonomie. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons opté pour un manuel hybride, avec
des parties « consommables » et des parties « non consommables » dans le traitement des thèmes choisis.
Nous avons donc conçu un manuel qui puisse accompagner les étudiants tout au long de leurs deux
années de BTS en leur permettant, à chaque thème étudié, de progresser en autonomie grâce une batterie
d’exercices variés (lexique grammaire). La partie « background » à la fin de chaque chapitre a été conçue
pour que les étudiant/e/s puissent penser le thème plus globalement ; en regard, le test leur permettra de
vérifier ce qu’ils/elles auront retenu du thème. Les 7 thèmes peuvent être traités indépendamment en
première ou deuxième année ; tous présentent des supports dont l’objectif est d’amener les étudiants à
acquérir des compétences d’autonomie et de travail collectif en langue anglaise.
Descriptif du manuel
 Mettre les étudiant(e)s en action, les rendre acteurs(trices) de leur parcours d’apprentissage est
le principe qui a constamment guidé nos pas dans la conception de ce manuel. C’est la raison
pour laquelle on a envisagé une double page d’ouverture avec une courte vidéo servant d’entrée
en matière dans le thème avec du vocabulaire récapitulé à partir de la page 204.
 Les pages « Starters » sont une entrée en douceur dans le thème à partir de 4 documents, travail
qui peut donner lieu à une mise en commun. À l’issue de ces pages, les étudiant(e)s auront
acquis des connaissances sur le thèmeet le vocabulaire spécifique au thème :
- travail de préparation ;
- travail de prise de parole ;
- travail de rédaction.
Une nouvelle fois, il s’agit d’apprendre par soi-même, apprendre des autres guidé(e) par le(a)
professeur(e).
 La « Prep Page » annonce une approche plus approfondie : préparation et restitution d’un texte.
L’étudiant(e) est invité(e) à anticiper sur la thématique grâce à des questions qui l’orientent dans
ses choix afin de guider son travail préparatoire personnel. Dans la démarche méthodologique,
une tâche systématique sur le lexique est proposée pour comprendre et acquérir du vocabulaire,
une méthode de compréhension et de restitution est proposée en regard du texte, doublée d’un
travail linguistique reprenant des faits de langue essentiels pour progresser. La démarche se
conclut systématiquement par une synthèse.
 Les pages « Track » ont trois volets, texte, vidéo et audio selon un même principe : une
approche guidée (a step-by-step approach) qui tient compte de la diversité des publics avec la
possibilité de prendre des notes directement dans le manuel. Les démarches de compréhension
et de restitution sont systématiquement accompagnées par des notions linguistiques et
grammaticales. Le(a) professeur(e) choisira ou non de travailler les points grammaticaux
proposés, répertoriés à partir de la page 170.
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 Chaque « Track » se conclut par une synthèse qui peut se décliner en entraînements aux
examens.
 La double page « Tasks » reprend l’idée des « Starters » : mise en autonomie possible sur des
supports plus conséquents. Cette double page est idéale pour les travaux de groupe, avec ou sans
dictionnaire. Ainsi, chaque groupe travaille sur un document spécifique (text, video or audio)
dont il doit rendre compte devant la classe. La mise en commun permettra à chaque groupe de
compléter et élargir le thème développé dans chaque support.
 « Background » présente de façon succincte les éléments les plus importants de la thématique
du chapitre. Bien sûr, les questions doivent permettre aux étudiant(e)s de vérifier ce qu’ils/elles
ont retenu. Cette page peut être donnée à lire comme page personnelle.
 La page « Power Point Presentation » encourage les étudiant(e)s à utiliser le système « SWOT
» pour s’entraîner à créer un power point et le présenter à la classe. Cette démarche les aidera
à penser chaque thème de manière plus complexe, tout en se familiarisant avec des entreprises
ou des secteurs d’activité.
La page en regard est consacrée aux jeux de rôles pour développer une prise de parole plus spontanée.
 Les « exams pages », à partir de la page 144, présentent la méthodologie des différentes
typologies des épreuves de BTS (épreuves ponctuelles ou CCF), et mettent les étudiant/e/s en
activité pour qu’ils /elles vérifient qu’ils/elles ont bien assimilé la méthode.
 La partie « exercices » présente un bref récapitulatif de points de grammaire avec des exercices
d’application. (Corrigés à partir de la page 242).
 La partie « vocabulaire » à partir de la page 204 est constituée d’une liste non exhaustive du
vocabulaire par chapitre accompagnée d’exercices. (Corrigés à partir de la page 252).
 La partie « Internship/Be pro » permet aux étudiant(e)s d’acquérir des compétences pour leurs
stages en milieu professionnel.
 À partir de la page 234, les étudiant(e)s pourront se familiariser avec la géographie des pays
anglophones grâce à une série de cartes.
Ce corrigé est loin d’être exhaustif mais donnera des pistes de recherche plus approfondies. Les liens
sur Internet aideront les étudiant(e)s à trouver de nouvelles informations et à complexifier leurs pensées.
En espérant que ce manuel vous aidera dans votre pratique et permettra aux étudiant(e)s d’acquérir plus
d’autonomie.
That’s all folks !
4
1 – Consumers
> Opening (page 12-13)

What are consumers ? – Video 01
1. Buy/purchase/consume/consumption/shop/shopper/shopping/client/customer/shopping
center /supermarket/store (la liste n’est pas exhaustive).
2. Consumers are entities that purchase products or services.
3. Consumers can be companies or governments.
4. A consumer buys goods and services for his own consumption.
5. b
Question : What do you know about Black Friday ?

Réponses possibles :
Black Friday is a special commercial event taking place on the friday following Thanksgiving day.
On Black Friday, some products are sold sometimes for the quarter of their price. Black Friday
generates massive crowds rushing into the stores to grab incredible discounts. Many people end
up hurt or even dead in the fights and stampedes.
Today thanks to e-commerce, Black Friday can be enjoyed from home, far from the crowds.
This American event has spread all over the world and today Black Friday is known as massive
discount day.
» Starters (pages 14-15)

Doc. 1 - The Science of Shopping : The Way the Brain Buys
1. The document is an excerpt from an article from The Economist that was published on December 18,
2008.
2. Supermarkets appeal to customers by making sure consumers will be attracted by products that were
not on their shopping lists. To entice shoppers to buy more supermarkets hope that shoppers who have
to walk to the very back of the store to get their everyday products like milk will see products that they
are curious about and buy them.
In the store front, there are new products that supermarkets hope will be bought on impulse. Impulse
buying is the buying of goods without planning to do so in advance, as a result of a sudden whim or
impulse. Supermarkets want consumers to browse in the store, to take their time so as to spend more.
The more time they spend, the more money consumers are likely to spend.
Doc. 2 - Social media users in the world

1. This graph is about the percentage of social media users worldwide.
2. Facebook/Instagram/Tik Tok/Twitter.
3. Only people over 13.
4. The American continent (from North to South) has the highest percentage of media users.
5. Countries located in most parts of the African continent have the lowest rate of social media users.
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Doc. 3 - Consumption Patterns in the EU : a Pie Chart
1. It is a pie chart published by and EU office in 2021.
2. It is called a pie chart as it looks like an apple pie. In French, it is a camembert.
3. Europeans spend most of their money on food and non-alcoholic beverages.
4. On clothing Europeans spend 6% of their income.
5. On transport, Europeans spend 15% of their revenue.
6. Education and health account for 6% all together, which is much less than in the US where going to
university or the doctor is extremely dear.
7. Europeans are lucky to have tuition-free universities and social security that pays for medicine and
medical treatment.
Doc.4 - Audio 01 - A shift in Shopping Habits

1. This audio is part of an interview.
2. The shopping experience is very different from what it was 30 years ago. People use their mobile to
compare prices and do not need salespersons to help them make a choice and, as the expert says, self-
help mentality is how the shopping habit is qualified. It means that people use their own skills thanks to
tools like a smartphone to make decisions.
> Prep Page (pages 16-17)

Text - Audio 02 - Understanding customers’ behaviour
A step-by-step approach
1. Lexical work
a. Agencement – allée – article - acheter/achat – divers - rempli.
b. Main aisle - improve - shopping cart – behaviour – sales – need - instore promotions – retailer –invest
– rate - endcap.
2. Read the whole text

a. The article gives the readers tips to understand how customers behave in a store.
b. It is important for retailers to understand their customers’ behaviour in order to better meet their
expectations and establish customer loyalty. It allows stores to increase their revenues and make more
profit.
3. Check the facts

a. The article is about the strategy used by store managers to understand their customers’ behaviour in
order to increase their sales.
4. Train for exam

§1 The first paragraph deals with the importance of taking into account customers behaviour in the main
aisle. Thanks to Shoppermotion, a sophisticated motion based technology, retailers can study customers’
behaviour in real time and improve their sore layout and product placement.
§2 In store marketing promotions attract customers’ attention without them being aware of it. The
information collected by the Shoppermotion software provides retailers and manufacturers with
paramount clues to measure their customers’ buying rate.
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§3 Although most shopping lists do not change from week to week, some big UK retailers have decided
to change an entire section of their store on a weekly basis, following the trend set by Aldi and Lidl,
their German rivals.
5. Topic debrief
The first paragraph deals with the importance of taking into account customers behaviour in the main
aisle. Thanks to Shoppermotion, a sophisticated motion based technology, retailers can study customers’
behaviour in real time and improve their sore layout and product placement. In store marketing
promotions attract customers’ attention without them being aware of it. The information collected by
the Shoppermotion software provides retailers and manufacturers with paramount clues to measure their
customers’ buying rate.
Although most shopping lists do not change from week to week, some big UK retailers have decided to
change an entire section of their store on a weekly basis, following the trend set by Aldi and Lidl, their
German rivals.
Language
1. Les clients pénètreront dans l’allée centrale directement depuis l’entrée du magasin.
2. Les programmes tels que Shoppermotion qui permet aux gérants des magasins d’analyser le
comportement de leurs clients.
3. Grâce aux promotions sur le point de vente qui attirent leur attention.
4. Une semaine, ces allées pourraient être remplies de matériel de camping, tandis qu’elles pourraient
être remplies de peinture ou de rollers la semaine suivante.
> Text track (pages 18-19)

Text - Audio 03 - Britons expected to send 235m items of clothing
1 Lexical work
a. Landfill - worn out – waste – partnership - collection point – recycle – sort - donor.
b. Garments-rubbish-get rid of.
c. Shop and swap.

a. The article deals with the number of unwanted clothes ending up in landfills in the UK.
b. They throw them away.
c. They could donate them or recycle them.
3. Check the facts

a. British people have taken the habit of recycling their old clothes. F
b. Women recycle their clothes more than men. T
c. Most people don’t recycle because they think it’s impossible. T
d. Thrown away clothes damage the environment. T
e. Oxfam is a British supermarket. F
f. Famous supermarket chains are working with charities. T
g. When people recycle their clothes at Oxfam they get a voucher for Marks and Spencer. T
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4. Train for the exam
§1 Many British people throw their old clothes away as they do not realise they could recycle or donate
them.
§2 These discarded clothes end up in landfills. Men are more likely to throw away their clothes than
women.
§3 It has become a major waste problem : some people are not aware that clothes can have a second life,
some say they don’t have time to sort their garments. Sainsbury has set collection points to help people
donate their unwanted clothes.
§4 Oxfam and Sainsbury are working together to encourage recycling and donations.
§5 Donors at Oxfam will receive a £5 Marks & Spencer voucher thanks to a recent partnership between
the retailer and the charity.
5. Topic debrief
Many British people throw their old clothes away as they do not realise they could recycle or donate
them. These discarded clothes end up in landfills. Men are more likely to throw away their clothes than
women. It has become a major waste problem; some people are not aware that clothes can have a second
life, some say they don’t have time to sort their garments. Sainsbury has set collection points to help
people donate their unwanted clothes. Oxfam and Sainsbury are working together to encourage recycling
and donations. Donors at Oxfam will receive a £5 Marks & Spencer voucher thanks to a recent
partnership between the retailer and the charity.
Language
a. L’étude explore les principales caractéristiques du consommateur moyen d’aliments bio.
b. On s’attend à ce que les consommateurs se débarrassent de 680 millions de vêtements.
c. Les vêtement usés ou sales peuvent être recyclés ou acceptés par les organisations caritatives.
d. Le système d’échange encourage les clients à ramener un vêtement usagé ou non désiré toutes les
fois/à chaque fois qu’ils en achètent un neuf.
> Video track (pages 20-21)

Video – Video 02 - Maslow, the hierarchy of needs
2. Before you start watching the video

a. People need to eat, drink and sleep. Then they need to wear clothes to protect themselves from the
cold, they need to have a roof. Human beings need to relate with their peers. They have strong emotional
connections with their relatives, they need to be loved and trusted.
b. Maslow was an American psychologist whose theory is based on the necessity for human beings to
fulfil basic human needs in priority.
3. Watch the video

Theory • hierarchy • stage • behaviour • exemplary • physiological needs • safety.
4. A step-by-step approach
1. Watch the whole video once
a. C’est une vidéo sur la théorie de Maslow et les 5 niveaux de cette théorie.
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2. Watch the video a second time
Watch the first part : => 1’05
b. à f. There are 5 levels that were devised in 1943 by Abraham Maslow. He used Albert Einstein and
Eleanore Roosevelt to come with his theory. The first three stages are the physiological stage, safety and
social needs such as love and belonging to a family and a group of friends.
Watch the second part : 1’05 => 1’59

g. à j. In stage 4 people are looking for recognition. You feel self-confidence and want to be esteemed
so you buy yourself a fancy watch or if you are a brainy person, you work a lot and compete with the
others. We reach stage 5 when we have no more worries, or stress or pressure and can relax and create,
use our imagination to create.
Watch the third part : 1’59 => end

k. Every single one must be fulfilled to have a complete life. It costs some money to make educational
videos so we should donate some money.

A Maslow in 1943 came up with the theory of Maslow which classifies our needs. Human beings have
to meet their physiological needs such as eating, sleeping, having a shelter first. In order to devised this
theory, Maslow looked closely at people like A. Einstein or E. Roosevelt. The second stage is safety.
Human beings must feel safe to lead a happy life. Stage 3 and 4 are about love and a sense of belonging
and being recognized by co-workers and colleagues. The key words that are used as self-confidence and
esteem. Stage 5 is about creativity.
> Audio track (pages 22-23)

Audio – Audio 06 - Is India going for coffee and America for tea ?
2. Before listening
a. Tea is the most famous and favourite beverage in all parts of India. Americans are better known for
drinking a lot of coffee.
b. Are India and America switching/ exchanging trends/ drinking habits ?
3. Listen to the audio

c. The audio is probably about the new coffee fad among the Indian population, corresponding to a new
tea fad in the US.
d. Boissons – tendances - peu à peu – habitude - éclaire/souligne – goût – changement - riche/aisé –
fréquenter - marques étrangères - points de vente - être témoin de – récolté - niveau de vie – santé –
infusions – foyer.
e. Le document audio est une émission de radio consacrée aux changements d’habitudes constatés au
sein de la classe aisée en Inde et aux États-Unis. En effet, l’Inde, réputée comme une nation de buveurs
de thé, est en train de passer au café, tandis qu’aux États-Unis, c’est exactement la tendance inverse qui
s’observe : le thé sous toutes ses formes est en train de rattraper la consommation de café jusqu’ici
majoritaire.
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1. Listen to the whole audio once
a. The young Indian generation are adopting global trends whereas the young Americans have become
addicted to healthy and sustainable tea.
2. Listen to the audio a second time

 Listen to the first part
b. International Consuming News is the name of the programme which has invited 2 guests, one from
India and the other from the US. Each one explains the new trend in their country. In India the affluent
middle class is going for coffee especially the young. Globalisation is certainly responsible for the
coming of many coffee shops among them Starbucks.
 Listen to the second part

c. à i. The American is smiling as the trend in the US is quite the opposite : Americans are now interested
in teas and how they are harvested and the fact that they bring a feeling of well-being. In many American
cupboards you may find quite a few types of teas and the teapots that go with them. Next week, the topic
is foie gras. It is indeed a burning issue as there are talks of a boycott.

Consuming trends are always on the move and are motivated by different concerns. In India, clearly the
young affluent generation wants to look like its western counterparts and is now keen on trying coffee
which is far from being part of Indian tradition. In the US, the young are eager to eat and drink better
and have shifted to teas and herbal teas. They are also moving there as they feel more concerned about
tea farmers.
> Tasks (pages 24-25)

Task 1 - Text – Audio 07 – One in five UK consumers boycotts brands
2. a. Consumers can boycott a brand when they think the company is unfair with its workers.
3.
§1 Customer trust is vital for brands but some of them are boycotted by consumers after a scandal. What
can brands do to win customers back ?
§2 After having boycotted a brand, only one in five customers goes back to the brand they trusted.
§3 Consumers do not appreciate brands practising tax evasion or ill-treating their staff. They also boycott
a brand when they market faulty products.
§4 Sometimes the boycotted brand improves and is able to win its customers back.
§5 But sometimes brands can continue their ill practice as they sell products difficult or impossible to
purchase from other brands.
4. The text from WARC.com posted on April 7 2017 reveals the result of a survey that was conducted
to find out more about consumers’ behaviours in the retail market. In the UK, one in five boycotts
brands. The reasons for boycotting a brand are numerous : tax avoidance, product recall, working
conditions, faulty products, corruption or cover-ups. Once consumers boycott a brand, only a quarter
will go back to it. So when a brand encounters a crisis, the impact is huge and will not go away soon.
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Every shopper is that some brands misbehave and is not willing to spend its dollar on a brand that is not
a social corporate and misuse its workers. However, there are customers who go back to the brand when
they cannot find the product they need elsewhere.
Task 2 - Video – Video 03 – Amazon Go opens casher-free smart grocery store – Dec 2016
1. a. à f. Amazon has just introduced a store in which you walk in, you grab what you need and you go.
There is no need to stand in line and there is no cashier. It is all the more surprising as it seems that the
brick-and-mortar stores are on the go, on the decline. So why is Amazon looking at the grocery business
? Well, people will always want to go grocery shopping to pick up fresh fruits and vegetables. People
are not comfortable buying online. Amazon has already Amazon Pantry that sells dry goods and Amazon
Fresh that sells perishables that are then delivered by truck. But that is quite complex to manage and
costly. Amazon has two major competitors, Walmart with 4.000 stores and Kroger with 2.800. So will
Amazon succeed in attracting customers to its new store Amazon Go ? And how will Walmart and
Kroger react ? They are already thinking of offering some kind of online services. So we will have to
keep an eye on the new trends in the retail market.
2. Amazon has just introduced a store in which you walk in, you grab what you need and you go. There
is no need to stand in line and there is no cashier. It is all the more surprising as it seems that the brick-
and-mortar stores are on the go, on the decline. So why is Amazon looking at the grocery business ?
Well, people will always want to go grocery shopping to pick up fresh fruits and vegetables. People are
not comfortable buying online. Amazon has already Amazon Pantry that sells dry goods and Amazon
Fresh that sells perishables that are then delivered by truck. But that is quite complex to manage and
costly. Amazon has two major competitors, Walmart with 4.000 stores and Kroger with 2.800. So will
Amazon succeed in attracting customers to its new store Amazon Go ? And how will Walmart and
Kroger react ? They are already thinking of offering some kind of online services. So we will have to
keep an eye on the new trends in the retail market.
Task 3 - Audio – Audio 08 – Is the era of big food coming to an end ?
1. a. The title refers to the giant food companies which may be losing ground because of the consumers’
changing habits.
b. - An increasing number of consumers are buying organic food because it’s healthier and more
sustainable.
-Kellogg’s, Nestle.
-They try to become healthier by suppressing some chemical components in their products, or
developing organic brands.
3. The title seems to imply that we are moving away from big retailers to buy less but better quality
food. Clearly people now want to buy organic food they believe is better for their health. So it means
that the food and beverage industry with such names as Kellogg’s or Kraft have to come up with better
food that will appeal to consumers that are focusing on less quantity but better quality. Thus, Kellogg’s
has already gotten rid of its GMO products and many rival brands are developing their organic food
offer. For the chocolate addicts Nestlé has made the decision to give up on its chemical colours. Yet, we
certainly should not worry for the big food and beverage industry (aka BFCs) as they are multinationals
making tons of dollars. Moreover, organic products have a cost and are not necessarily affordable by
households struggling to make ends meet. In brief, we can say that processed food has become less
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attractive while fresh foods and dairy products have been selling increasingly. Will the BFCs catch up
with the trend ?
> Background - Test (page 26-27)

Who are today’s consumers ?
1. True : The consumer is the person who consumes the product. For example, children consume the
products their parents buy.
2. False : There are as many consumers as there are people.
3. False : Consumers may also be interested in the quality of the product.
4. True : Social networks have become the main trend setters for generation Z.
5. True : Consuming is also about trends.
6. Fasle : Kiko is a cosmetic brand.
7. False : Consumers ‘shopping experience is facilitated by all sorts of new technological devices.
8. Consumers can be influenced by advertising, by social media, by word of mouth etc.
9. Today’s consumers are more sensitive to their health more aware of environmental issues.
10. To remain competitive brands must adapt to their consumers’ tastes and expectations.
11. Thanks to new technologies, consumers’ shopping experience is incredibly facilitated
2 - Marketing & Distribution

The 4 Ps of the marketing mix – Video 04
1. Product ; Price ; Place ; Promotion.
2. Not necessarily. Some consumers may be more sensitive to one or two features of the marketing mix.
Questions
1. Customers can buy products in stores or online.
2. Retailers attract consumers through discounts, promotions and loyalty cards.
3. Tesco is a British multinational groceries retailer headquartered in Welwyn Garden City, England. It
is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and the ninth-largest in the world measured
by revenues. Tesco operates more than 4000 stores in Great Britain and Ireland.

Doc. 1 - Customer loyalty : higher profits and more growth
1. a. Un client fidèle.
2. a. True.
b. False : Loyalty programs are more efficient to attract new customers.
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c. False : They generate profit because they allow stores or brands to keep their customers.
d. True.
Doc. 2 - Audio 09 - Aldi

1. The document is an audio from a radio program.
2. 900 stores.
3. Aldi is a German hard discounter selling groceries with no frills.
Doc. 3 - Cooking, Heating, Lighting Fire

1.The document is a cartoon.
2.The sellers are cave men.
3.The products for sale are three different types of fire : cooking fire, heating fire, and lighting fire.
4.There is no difference between the three products apart from their names.
5.Consumers appreciate “product diversification”, that is to say one product for a specific use.
6.Companies surf on the wave of status oriented consumers who want to make sure they have acquired
the latest cutting edge product whereas in fact it is often the same product with a different name or
packaging. Companies are ready to mislead consumers.
7.Consumers are often gullible and ready to be lured into buying a product they believe is “must have”
because it happens to be the latest fad, regardless of the real features of the product.
8.The cartoon makes fun of consumers’ behaviour faced with companies’ cynicism profiting from their
lack of distance.
Doc. 4 - Brand Marketing – Video 05

1. The document is a video promoting brand marketing between mothers.
2. No they don’t, they spend most of their free time rushing around to do the things which need to be
done in a family of 4 with 2 small children.
3. They are introduced to new products by other mothers who post their comments on social networks.
They become brand advocates, and they influence 43% of new products purchases
4. It’s quite an efficient method, which must be cost efficient for companies who resort to the “talk to
mums” website.
>Prep Page (pages 34-35)

Text – Audio 10 - Marketing organic food
1. Lexical work
Welfare/bien être ; average/moyenne ; advertising/publicité ; competition/concurrence.

a. The title refers to the ways to market organic food.
b. Organic food is food produced without chemical components, without fertilizers or pesticides.
c. Organic food can be bought in specialized stores, online or in supermarkets where it is found on
dedicated shelves.
d. Yes, generally, organic food is more expensive than processed food.
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3. Check the facts
c. The strategy used by organic brands to attract consumers.

§1 Most customers would choose the cheaper of the two.
§2 It is a way of life.
§3 Altruism ecology universalism.
§4 They present the product as environmentally friendly and healthy.
§5 The competition is presented as potentially dangerous.
§6 They might be deterred by the high prices.
5. Topic debrief
With organic food becoming increasingly popular, marketers have to find the best ways to attract
the most reluctant customers. It is interesting to note that the word “organic” refers not only to the
absence of pesticides and chemicals in the food’s components but above all to a range of ethical
values in which consumers are supposed to recognize themselves. That is the reason why marketers
focus their efforts in conveying these values when they advertise an organic food product.
Unfortunately, organic food is not affordable for all, and marketers have to use all their knowhow
to convince people that the premium price is worth it.
>Text track (pages 36-37)

Text – Audio 11 – The rise and fall of the American Mall
1. Lexical work
a. mall – collapse - middle class - suburban populations - hang out – reviews - shift away - department
store – vacancies - refill- lay off.
b. Macy’s.

a. The title implies that American malls ‘golden age is over. They are declining as fast as they used to
thrive.
b. Malls are much less popular today than they were before/ than they used to be.
3. Check the facts

a. Malls have never been successful. F
b. Malls became part of the American culture from the 1960s to the end of the 20th century. T
c. Some reviews compared the first mall to Disneyland. T
d. Today consumers’ shopping habits have changed. T
e. A lot of malls are closing down but the most spectacular ones are still successful. T

§1Many malls have collapsed or are ready to do so whereas they used to be both an economic and social
hub.
§2 The first malls were built in the 1950s thanks to a post war prosperity and a rising middle class.
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§3 People came to live in the suburbs and they needed places to shop. The South Dale mall was the first
of a kind.
§4The mall was compared to Disneyland and from then on, malls sprouted all over the USA.
§5 The 1980s are considered the mall’s golden age, with a building rate of 1000 per year.
§6 The first worrying trend started when consumers stopped shopping in department stores at the
beginning of the 21st century. Malls are too huge to be replaced quickly by something else.
§7 Then came the era of “dead malls’ which attracted photographers and filmmakers.
§8 Today we do not know yet whether the mall model will survive or if it will be replaced by something
new.
5. Topic debrief
Today, many malls have collapsed or are ready to do so whereas they used to be both an economic and
social hub. The first malls were built in the 1950s thanks to post war prosperity and a rising middle class.
People massively came to live in the suburbs and they needed places to shop. The South Dale mall was
the first of a kind and offered all sorts of facilities, so much so that
it was compared to Disneyland (built in 1958). From then on, malls sprouted all over the USA, at the
pace of three new malls per day.
The 1980s are considered the mall’s golden age, with a building rate of 1000 per year.
The first worrying trend started when consumers stopped shopping in department stores and malls at the
beginning of the 21st century. The problem is that deserted malls leave huge vacancies, very difficult to
fill in. That is why these “dead malls” found a second life among photographers andfilmmakers, but it
couldn’t last long. Today we do not know whether the mall model will survive or if it will be replaced
by something new.
Language
a. Comment cela s’est-il passé ?
b. La population des banlieues a augmenté de manière astronomique dans les années 50.
c. L’Amérique expérimentait à l’époque un boom économique sans précèdent.
d. Macy’s ferme certains de ses magasins depuis 2005.

Video - Video 07 – Organic food

a. The video is going to be about organic food which has become very popular lately among many
consumers because it is supposed to be better both for human health and for the environment.
b. Organic food is grown without pesticides or GMOS. Farm animals have to be raised outdoors and
free of antibiotics and other substances.
3. Watch the video

Growth • grocer • labeled • fertilizers • genetically-modified organisms • meat • hormones • antibiotics
• outdoors • nutritional benefits • worth • animal feed.
15
a. The video was posted by Bloomberg which is an American business TV channel broadcasted
worldwide.
b. No pesticides or fertilizers, No GMOS (Genetically Modified Organisms), no antibiotics or hormones
for farm animals with access to the outdoors.
c. Because some consumers believe organic food contains more nutrients and cans even can fight cancer.

d. Faced with the rising popularity of organic food, most traditional mainstream retailers started their
own organic lines.
e. Consumers can pay twice as much for an organic product.
f. National standards are standards which were passed by the American Congress in 1990 defining what
makes a product organic or not.

I. Introduction
This footage from Bloomberg TV gives a list of the standards by which food can be stamped organic.
II. Development
- Organic food has become popular especially because of the massive use of pesticides and fertilizers
in intensive farming : these chemicals have proven to be a threat for human health.
- But Organic food in itself is not more nutritious than other types of food : the only advantage they have
is to be produced without chemicals.
III Conclusion
If alternative solutions were developed to replace pesticides and fertilizers, all food would be safe for
human consumption. If animals were raised without antibiotics of hormones, they would probably be
much safer to consume.

Video - Video 07 – What is digital marketing ?

a. The video will explain what digital marketing consists of.
b. I know that shopping through the internet implies that we use digital marketing. Choosing products
from online retailers’ website pages makes us digital marketing users.
3. Watch the video

Digital • leverage • search engines • channels • device • goals • networks • content • automation •
optimization • brand awareness.
a. The source is Hubspot, a video dedicated to digital marketing for beginners, from YouTube.
b. He’s going to explain what digital marketing is.
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– Digital marketing is intended for people who buy on the net through electronic devices. T
We can buy from computers or from smartphones.
– E-mail and social networks are not part of digital marketing. F
E- mails and social networks are of course part of digital marketing as they offer platforms from which
we can buy products.
– SEO means search engine online. T
The man on the video refers to Search Online Optimization (1minute).
– Marketers should encourage brand awareness. T
Brand awareness is part of the buying process.
– There is only one digital channel. F
There are as many digital channels as there are internet communication channels (e-mails, social
networks, etc).
– KPI is an indicator marketers use to measure a company’s digital performance. T
A key performance indicator is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is
achieving key business objectives.
– Organic traffic measures the number of people who log on a company’s website after a Google
search. T
Whenever someone logs on a company’s website after a Google search, organic traffic records it.
– Digital marketing is possible only for large companies. F
Digital marketing can be a precious tool for any company whatever its size.

Since the advent of the internet and the increasing number of online customers, marketers have to meet
their clients where they are. Most of the time these clients are browsing the internet either on their
laptops or on their smartphones. It means that potential customers can buy products wherever they are
and whenever they feel like it. That is why digital marketing has become a must even for small and
medium sized companies. Customers want to benefit from the utmost shopping experience, meaning
customized products immediately available. This requires a user friendly and effective website liable to
attract and keep the greatest number of customers.

Audio – Audio 15 – Loyalty cards
2. Before listening
a. Loyalty cards are proposed by all retailers today. They can take the shape of real plastic cards or
remain virtual. Loyalty schemes may vary slightly from one retailer to the other, some offering more
discounts and incentives than others.
- Loyalty cards do not necessarily turn the customer into a loyal customer, because he/she has
the possibility to own as many loyalty cards he/she wishes for.
- Loyalty cards rarely compete with each other because they all offer more or less the same
advantages.
- A loyalty card can make a customer loyal if the loyalty program is really attractive.
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3 Listen to the audio
b. A loyalty card is generally a free card offered by a store or a brand allowing customers to collect
bonus points which will eventually be turned into discounts and vouchers each time they buy a product
from the same store brand.
c. Spam – programmes - détenteurs de carte - être récompensé - points de bonus – clientèle fidèle -
stratégies de marketing – code barre - étiquettes de clés – porte-clés - formulaires d’adhésion -rapporter
(de l’argent).
a. L’audio est un extrait d’émission de radio consacré aux cartes de fidélités et leurs impacts sur le mode
de consommation des clients. Nous sommes envahis de cartes de fidélités puisque chaque enseigne en
propose. Par conséquent, la carte de fidélité ne rend pas fidèle. D’autre part, à quelques exceptions près,
les programmes de fidélisation n’offrent pas monts et merveilles à leurs « fidèles » acheteurs. Il est vrai
que les consommateurs inquiets pour leur pouvoir d’achat ont tendance à comparer scrupuleusement les
prix offerts pour un même produit dans différentes enseignes, indépendamment des programmes de
fidélité.
2. Listen to the whole audio a second time

b. The place is the UK, after an errand at a Tesco store. Other retailers are quoted such as Waitrose,
Sainsbury, Starbucks, Costa, etc. The people involved are the host and a friend of hers/his.

c. The host’s friend lost her job which encouraged her to be very careful about every penny she spent,
and she is ready to go out of her way to find the best value for money. Nevertheless, the host is not sure
whether the accumulation of loyalty cards in her wallet helps her save money.
 Listen to the third part

d. Some companies such as phone companies and Starbucks promote the use of their pre-loaded app,
that is to say an app where customers can deposit money and spend it on the brand’s products.

The audio is a radio program dealing with loyalty cards. The radio host tells us about her own experience
with a friend of hers owning many loyalty cards. This triggers the host’s curiosity and she gives her
insight on loyalty cards today.
The place is somewhere in the UK, after an errand at a Tesco store. Other retailers are also quoted such
as Waitrose, Sainsbury, Starbucks, Costa, etc.
The host’s friend lost her job which encouraged her to be very careful about every penny she spent, and
she is ready to go out of her way to find the best value for money. Nevertheless, the host is not sure
whether the accumulation of loyalty cards in her friend’s wallet helps her save money.
Some companies such as phone companies and Starbucks promote the use of their pre-loaded app, that
is to say an app where customers can deposit money and spend it on the brand’s products. The host
concludes saying that she is not sure whether having a loyalty card really makes a difference.
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Task 1 – Text - Audio 16 - The boom of e-commerce
2.- Numérique.
-Digitalisation.
3.
§1 the digitalization of modern life has increased online transactions worldwide. Billions of people today
buy from the net.
§2 Internet buyers have the choice between a variety of platforms, the leader in terms of traffic being
Amazon.
§3 The rise of mobile devices has increased the trend as 70% of all retail visits websites are done from
smartphones and tablets, to the extent that it is referred to as M commerce instead of e- commerce.
4. Le commerce en ligne a révolutionné le commerce traditionnel à une allure vertigineuse. Aujourdhui

des milliards de consommateurs choisissent de faire leurs achats en ligne, à l’instar des Etats- Unis où
le chiffre des ventes en ligne a atteint une some supérieure à 4 trilliards de dollars en 2020. Aujourd’hui
il existe de nombreux sites en ligne à partir desquels les consommateurs n’ont plus qu’à faire leur choix,
bien qu’Amazon demeure le leader en la matière. Les applications mobiles à partir des smartphones et
des tablettes sont devenues tellement performantes qu’elles sont devenues la première source des ventes
puisqu’elles atteignent le taux de conversion le plus élevé.
Task 2 – Audio – Audio 17 - Ruby Chocolate is the new black
1. a. New chocolate/ Swiss company Barry Callebaut / marvel for the eye/ this new concoction was
made in Shanghai. Pale rosy shade/do we need another kind of chocolate ? / There are already many
sorts/offers a whole new taste experience/smoothy fruitness combined with sweet milkiness/ made from
ruby bean from Ecuador/naturally pink/ some chocolate experts are sceptical/ the company keeps recipe
a trade secret/ sold to businesses and not to consumers
b. This is an allusion to the popular TV series “Orange is the new Black”.
2. A new type of chocolate called Ruby chocolate was concocted in China by a Swiss company. It’s
made from ruby bean imported from South America and the Ivory Coast. Some chocolate experts remain
sceptical about this new chocolate whose recipe is kept as a trade secret by the company.
It is interesting to note that the Ruby chocolate is only sold to businesses and not to consumers.
3. Un nouveau chocolat vient d’être commercialisé par une entreprise suisse. Il tire son nom de son
aspect légèrement rosé. Apparemment un délice pour les papilles, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il existe
tellement de différentes variétés de chocolat, qu’on peut se demander si la création de ce nouveau produit
était indispensable. Il s’agit surtout d’une stratégie de marketing qui s’adresse davantage aux entreprises
qu’aux vrais amateurs de chocolat. Quoi qu’il en soit, c’est un fait que les nouveautés attirent toujours
de nouveaux consommateurs, et le chocolat Ruby a sans aucun doute de belles années devant lui.
N.B : The “new black” est une expression américaine (urban English) qui peut se traduire par la
“nouvelle tendance”.
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Task 3 – Video - Video 08 - Coca marketing campaign in Australia
1.a. Thanks to the title, we can infer that the video’s main topic is how Coca Cola promotes its products
in Australia.
c. Coca-Cola felt the necessity to reconnect with its young Australian consumers as 50% among them
had never tasted a Coke. The giant soft drink company launched a massive campaign using all kinds of
advertising medias to raise brand awareness, and then they used a more customized approach by adding
to each bottle of coke a first name, inviting consumers to share a coke with people whose name was
actually printed on the bottle.
2. Coca cola took Australia by surprise. The people found 150 of their most popular names on millions
Coca cola bottles and cans. Coca cola was not very much consumed in Australia. The buzz grew, Coca
cola remained silent, then they invited Australians to share a coke. Coke was everywhere, on social
networks, blogs etc, people, couldn’t get enough. 50 new names were released. Australians were
connecting with the most iconic brand. It was a huge success for the brand.
3. Cola felt the necessity to reconnect with its young Australian consumers as 50% among them had
never tasted a Coke. The giant soft drink company launched a massive campaign using all kinds of
advertising media to raise brand awareness, and then they used a more customized approach by adding
to each bottle of coke a first name taken from a list of 150 of the most popular Australian names, inviting
consumers to share a coke with people whose name was actually printed on the bottle. The move was
so successful that Coca cola had to print 50 more names. Everywhere in Australia, the response was
huge and amazing, through word of mouth, and social media.
Coca cola had achieved one of its very best advertising campaign in years !
> Background - Test (page 46 - 47)

How does marketing operate ?
1. Marketing is based on a unique activity. F

Marketing is based on multiple activities.
2. The 4th p of the marketing mix is packaging. F
It’s Place.
3. Prices must always be as low as possible. F
Price must correspond to the positioning of the product.
4. Products or services must be available in all types of points of sales. F
A luxury product sold in an ordinary shop can damage the product’s brand image.
5. It is important for marketers to define their core targets. T
A well-defined core target will help market the product.
6. Advertising is not always necessary for famous companies. T
Word of mouth can be sufficient.
7. Retailing has changed because of high technology. T
The internet has revolutionized the retail landscape.
8. A pop up store is a temporary online store. F
A pop up store is a temporary brick and mortar store.
9. Carrefour Tesco and Walmart have only one format stores. F
They both have multi format stores.
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10. Click and collect services try to counter the power of on line giants. T
They hope to deter clients from buying from pure players.
11. Amazon’s products are more expensive because they are delivered at the customer’s doorstep. F
They are not more expensive in spite of their being delivered on the customers ‘doorstep. Warehouse
stores like Amazon have lower overheads than physical stores.
> Background – Test (pages 48-49)

What is digital marketing ?
1. Online marketing/web marketing /internet marketing.

2. Computers/mobile phones/digital media and platforms.
3. In the 1990s.
4. Clients can browse and order their products online.
5. It allows an increasing number of people to buy online.
6. Search Engine Optimization. Search Engine Marketing.
7. Because in times of pandemic or extreme weather conditions companies can continue to sell their
products and generate profits.
8. The hacking of billions of data is a real danger. Bad reviews can tarnish a brand’s reputation.
9. On the long term, social interactions will become more and more scarce. Today it is already difficult
to talk to a real human being when you call your bank or your insurance company. This dehumanization
process is especially harmful for the elderly who are still not familiar with the new technologies. The
digital gap is increasing whereas efforts should be made to reduce it.
3 – Companies

Why Facebook became Meta ? Video 09
1. Mark Zuckerberg, the company’s founder and CEO presents the video.
2. He wants the company to be seen as a metaverse company. He needs to find a company brand name
which encompasses everything the company does.
3.Meta is the company’s new name.
4.It comes from the Greek word meaning “beyond”.
Questions
1.a. Volkswagen, Toyota, Daimler.
b. Shell, BP, Exxon Mobil, Total, China National Petroleum, Aramco, Sinopec.
c. Walmart, Berkshire Hathaway, Amazon.
d. Apple, Samsung, Verizon.
2. Walmart, the American grocery retailer.
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Doc. 1 - Only 10 companies control almost every large food and beverage brand in the world
1. Nestlé, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Danone, Kellogg’s, Mars, Pringles, Sprite, Fanta, Schweppes, Evian.
2.They sell food and beverages.
3. Evian is a brand from Danone.
4. Pringles belongs to Kellogg’s.
5. They make billions of dollars in revenue each year.
Doc. 2 - Audio 18 Companies Facing Environmental Issues

1. Top companies in the world : will have to change their strategy because of climate change.
2. Oil companies : aren’t the only ones damaging the planet.
3. Ikea : has started to make efforts to reduce its impact.
4 Electronic devices : are the ones generating tons of waste.
Doc. 3 - Samsung and Apple

1. à 7. This picture represents two famous phone companies competing with each other. Samsung is
South Korean and Apple is American. Fierce competition to gain market share means that one of the
other will not hesitate to copy what the other does. Clearly, Apple which is presented with a set of teeth
would gladly gobble up Samsung. In this picture Apple is bigger and more aggressive but tomorrow it
might be the other way round.
Doc. 4 - What is a start-up ?

1. à 5. Another cartoonlike picture shows how a start-up works and what is required to call a new-born
company a start-up. Technology, innovations, teamwork, strategy, certification, marketing and
research are all key terms that are decisive in naming a new company a start-up. A new company that
does not use technology will not be called a start-up. Money is not mentioned on the cartoon so ideas
and research are what counts. Innovations and teamwork are paramount to create a company that is able
to create a new service to help consumers. Uber or Food delivery companies such as Deliveroo use
technology, offer a new service and cater to the needs of consumers.

Text- Audio 19 - Small Businesses Can Make a Big Impact on the Economy
1. Lexical work
a. Owner.
b. Independently-owned company.
c. Mom and pop stores.
d. Private payroll.
e. Engine of growth.

a. The article will explain how small businesses can boost the economy.
b. The document was published in the Huffington Post in 2019.
22
3. Check the facts
c. The article is about the impact of small businesses on the US economy.
4. Train for exam

§1 The impact of small businesses is vital to the future of the US.
§2 There is a whole variety of small businesses different from what they were in the past but with a real
economic power.
§3 Small businesses encourage independence, creativity and employment.
§4 Small businesses have an innovative idea they believe in and many giant corporations started small
like Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Apple etc.
§5 Small businesses account for between 60 and 80 % of all US jobs.
§6 Small businesses are an engine of growth, and allow people with good ideas to carry them out,
encouraging both local and national economy.
5. Topic debrief
The part played by small businesses in the US is huge. They contribute to the economic growth and
account for up to 80% of all US jobs. Small businesses encourage innovative ideas, they represent
independence and can turn into big corporations when they become successful. America’s most famous
brands started in a room or in a garage, like Microsoft, Google, Apple, Amazon etc.
Small businesses are often eclipsed by big corporations in the news, but they still represent the main
engine of growth both locally and nationally.
Language
1. Malgré cela, les petites entreprises sont essentielles pour l’avenir.
2. Les petites entreprises génèrent une grande variété d’opportunités d’emploi.
3. Les petites entreprises ont moins de salariés.
4. Elles sont peut-être petites, mais leur impact est grand.

Text – Audio 20- How Aldi is changing America’s supermarket
1. Lexical work
a. Concurrence : competition.
Concurrent : competitor.
Caisse (la machine) : cash register.
Caissier/ère : cashier.
b. CEO : PDG.
File for bankruptcy : Déposer le bilan.
No-frills : Sans fioritures.

a. The title informs the reader about Aldi’s presence in the US and its influence on the grocery retail
landscape.
b. Aldi, the German grocery brand, is changing the American supermarket because of its strategy.
23
3. Check the facts
a. Nowadays, it is easier for American supermarket chains to make profits. F
b. Aldi offers a wider number of organic products to compete with Amazon F
c. Walmart is the largest American grocery retailer. T
d. Aldi is gaining ground in the US because its prices are sometimes cheaper than Walmart’s. T
e. Aldi has too many inconveniences to attract customers. F
f. Aldi will have opened over 2000 stores in the US before 2023. T
g. Lidl is a new American hard discounter. F
h. Aldi’s corporate headquarters are located in Akansas. F

§1/2 The situation is difficult for supermarket chains in the US because of the completion of on line
shopping.
§3 The giant grocery retailer Walmart acknowledges the German supermarket Aldi’s know how as it
has been expanding at a quick pace ever since its arrival on the American soil.
§4 The shopping experience at Aldi is very different. No frills, no paper bags for free but cheap prices.
§5 Aldi is on the way of becoming America’s third biggest grocery retailer, with the other German hard
discounter Lidl following Aldi’s tracks.
§6 Aldi and Lidl have forced its American competitors to undergo big changes in order to keep their
customers.
5. Topic debrief
The grocery retail market has been under pressure ever since the rise of online shopping. Many retailers
even filed up for bankruptcy. But Aldi, a German hard discounter is paving the way to a new shopping
experience widely appreciated by customers in spite of its minor inconveniences.
Aldi’s expansion on the US territory is spectacular as the German chain is challenging even Walmart in
terms of cheap prices. Aldi is being followed by Lidl, another German hard discounter.
Language
1. Les grandes entreprises contrôlent de plus en plus le secteur.
2. Les caissiers s’attendent à ce que les clients emballent leurs courses eux-mêmes.
3. Aldi a même ouvert un magasin à Bentonville.
4. Je suis en concurrence avec Aldi depuis plus de 20 ans.

Video - Video 10 - S. Korean green companies adopt eco-friendly systems to protect environment

a. This video was taken in South Korea.
b. A green company is a company respecting the environment.
3. Watch the video
Dust-carbon footprint-emissions-profits-environment-autoparts-award-harmful-plant-automated-
waste-measurements-storage-eco-friendly-decrease-sustainable-development-label-responsible-
benefits.
24
b. The video is about how some eco-friendly South Korean companies manage to reduce their carbon
footprint.

c. The footage comes from Arirang, an English speaking South Korean TV network.
d. The increasing spells of dust mist representing a health hazard.
e. Not at all. Productivity remains identical.
f. Companies are focusing on how to decrease their carbon footprint.
g. The company quoted makes auto parts.
h. The government gave the company an award.
i. They invented an automated welding machine to conserve material used in the production process.
j. They can save energy during the night that can be used during day time.
k. The company’s productivity has risen by 32%.
l. They were able to decrease toxic emission.
m. Eco friendly management and innovation are important elements to achieve sustainable development.
n. Many power companies are quoted as being involved in sustainable development.

Several South Korean companies have made substantial efforts and progress to become greener and
have a lesser toll on the environment.
The increasing number of toxic dust mist spells are at the origin of these measures encouraged by the
South Government.
A certain number of South Korean companies have succeeded in reducing their carbon footprint while
increasing their profits. A mixture of eco- friendly management and innovation seem to do the trick.

Audio – Audio 23 – Are companies guilty of greenwashing ?
2. Before listening
a. The visual document features factory chimneys emitting toxic fumes in the atmosphere : these
chimneys are in the process of being painted green although they emit the same amount of toxic fumes.
This cartoon denounces greenwashing.
b. - The COP 26: The COP26 summit brought parties together to accelerate action towards the goals of
the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
- Glasgow: the city in Scotland which hosted the cop 26.
c. Les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières.
d. It means that small actions can lead to important changes. The simple fact of turning off the lights
each time you leave a room will have an impact not only o your utility bill, but also on the environment
especially if billions of people do it.
e. The topic of the audio will be the way some companies communicate about the way they lie about
their commitment to sustainable development.
f. Mensonger-sensible- contourner/éviter-lois-mise en application - engagement- leurrer- mode de
masse-chronophage-hors d’atteinte-aperçu- problème/question d’actualité.
25
c. The programme is about the definition of greenwashing and how it is also used by the fashion industry.
2. Listen to the whole audio a second time

d. Greenwashing means that companies are doing their best to save the planet. F
Greenwashing is the exact opposite. They lure the consumers pretending they are green.
e. Greenwashing is illegal is some countries but the laws aren’t always enforced. T
The lack of enforcement is the problem : the laws already exist.
f. Greenwashing involves only polluting industries. F
Greenwashing can involve any type of industries.
g. The fashion industry is being honest with consumers. F
No, they lie about their environmental commitment, especially the mass fashion retailers.

h. They repeat buzz words such as “recycled” or sustainable.
i. Zara and H&M.
j. All the buzz words referring to environmental issues.
k. When hearing the repetition of the buzz words quoted above, consumers should be suspicious.
l. It is very time consuming to carry out such research.
m. She’s optimistic because she believes that small actions can generate big changes.
n. She thinks that if a few people start investigating about the companies involved in greenwashing, it
could spread the word and deter companies from lying to their customers.
o. The listeners have been texting about the way they admire and encourage her.

a/b. The radio programme is dedicated to the Cop 26 which took place in Glasgow. The guest is Petra
Schonberg, a green activist and whistle blower against greenwashing.
Green washing is a strategy for companies to pretend they are greener than they really are. Some brands
do not hesitate to post and broadcast misleading ads luring consumers into believing they are buying
from an environmentally committed company. Not only Oil companies are concerned by this dishonest
communication strategy : the mass fashion industry is also involved in greenwashing.
Denouncing this malpractice should become a priority among eco- conscious consumers, but it is very
time consuming to dig deep enough in a company’s strategy to find out proof they are not as green as
they pretend.
Yet, Petra remains optimistic as she counts of consumers ‘sense of responsibility to make things change
for the better.po

Task 1 –Video 11 - Getting to the bottom of Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 crisis
1. a. Samsung is a chaebol, a South Korean conglomerate, known for its smartphone but which is also
highly diversified. Its flagship product was recalled as some Galaxy Note 7 exploded.
26
b. The smartphone market is a neck-to-neck race between American Apple and South Korean Samsung.
Global sales of smartphones to end users totalled nearly 408 million units in the fourth quarter of 2017,
a 5.6 percent decline over the fourth quarter of 2016, according to Gartner, Inc. Huawei and Xiaomi
were the only smartphone vendors to achieve year-on-year unit growth (7.6 and 79 percent, respectively)
and grew market share in the quarter.
c. Samsung saw a year-on-year unit decline of 3.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2017, but this did not
prevent it from defending its No. 1 global smartphone vendor position against Apple. So smartphone
companies have to focus on their customers and turn them into loyal customers. Trust is key in this
market and so it needs to be gained by excellent quality product at a decent price.
2. Samsung had to recall its latest ambition flagship model as it security was faulty. It remains on the
shelves for only 54 days. What it shows is that Samsung is facing fierce competition from Apple but
also Chinese manufacturers of cheap handsets. Their new devise was a state-of-the art new model with
iris recognition camera, a water proof ability and better storage and better batteries. So this mishap
represents a blemish for the company that should apologize and offer compensation to its customers.
But for market watchers, Samsung will bounce back and is still a leading global player in tech world-
class brand. Some believe that durability of the product should be their new focus.
3.The video was posted by Arigang news and its correspondent, Shin Semi is in Seoul, South Korea
where Samsung has its headquarters. (See above for the rest of the report).
Task 2 – Audio – Audio 24 - Thanks to Tiwal, sailing becomes easy and cheap
1. a. Sailing has become cheap and easy so it must mean that the price of a boat has gone down.
b. An innovative company which is 6 years old, Tiwal was created in 2012 by a young French woman
who had just graduated from business school. She came up with the idea of having a ready-to-sail dinghy
that weighs 50kg and is assembled within 20 minutes.
2. So it is easy to transport and is not as costly as a regular sailing boat. Since then the IIWAL Cup, a
competition was launched and on June 3, 2017 there were 53 contestants from every part of the world
competing for the cup. This is always in the Gulf of Morbihan where the venture was started.
The race starts with the dinghy being assembled on the beach. The TIWAL is built thanks to 40
companies who provide the inflatable boat with supplies. The audio makes a comparison with Airbus.
And we are given the price which is between E5,490 and E5,930.
To conclude, Tiwal is expanding, finding new likely buyers and this is happening in Brittany.
Task 3 – Text - Audio 25 - What does it take to destroy a company’s brand name ?
1. a. Samsung and Volkswagen are the two companies the text focuses on as both met with huge scandals
related to the products they sell.
b. Samsung sold the Galaxy Note 7 the batteries of which overheated and burst into flames. Volkswagen
set a device that enabled the company to cheat on its diesel emissions.
c. Mistakes and frauds do not always bring the company down. When Perrier recalled its bottles of
water, consumers understood that Perrier was health-conscious and did not want to endanger the health
of its consumers. Here Samsung has been able to bounce back and is now the leader in the smartphone
market as it offers a wide span of prices.
27
2/3. This short article from www.bbc.com posted in 2017 reflects on companies facing disasters that are
able to bounce back when others are not. The article focuses on Samsung and Volkswagen Volkswagen
and Samsung were accused of either lying to the public concerning CO2 emissions or launching a device
whose safety had not been tested long enough. Both companies have seen their profits go up.
How did they manage to recoup or recover ? It seems that the two companies acknowledged that they
had done something wrong and VW agreed to pay $25 billion to address US claims. Samsung apologized
and gave compensation to their clients. When there is a major issue that needs addressing and companies
address the issue, customers are more likely to “forgive” them.
“Nobody is perfect” could be our conclusion. Mistakes are made and need to be corrected. Once the
correcting is done, companies can survive.
>Background - Test (page 66-67)

What is a company today ?
1. Firm, corporation, business.

2. There are global, large, small and medium sized companies.
3. He/she’s the Chief Executive Officer.
4. They generally have their headquarters in their hometown.
5. The human resoursed department, the accounting department.
6. No, sometimes they outsource or relocate their factories.
7. Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft.
8. Baidu Alibaba Tencent Xiomi.
9. Pandemics and other natural disasters are part of the external problems companies may face. These
events are unpredictable and companies have to struggle to cope with the damage done to their activities.
10. A company can be confronted to a poor management, to internal social unrest or to faulty products
(example of Buitoni’s frozen pizza which caused several deaths among children, and Kinder products
which sent many to hospital in 2022).
4 - Work
>Opening (page 70-71)
Gender equality in the workplace by ILO (International Labour Organisation) – Video 12
1.ILO stands for International Labour Organization. It is a UN agency whose role is to deal with labour
issues. Its aim is to document, denounce illegal practices. It is there to protect and help workers and
wage-earners when labour rules are not abided with.
2.This is about women who have a paying job, who are wage-earners, who participate in the labour
market and the issues such as discrimination, harassment, pay gap they face.
3.Affordable care is a priority because otherwise women are less likely to have a job and/or end up
having to reconcile household chores and their professional life. Caring for one’s child should equally
distributed between father and mother. In addition, care jobs should be created.
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4.Violence against women prevent them from fully participating in national economies. Psychological
and physical violence has an impact on the work performed by women. They may become less
productive. They may also take leaves of absence among other things.
5.The global pay gap between men and women is estimated to be 23%. So when men earn a full salary
women earn 23% less.
Questions
1.Otto Dettmer’s picture represents people on the move in a factory with a monster-like machine in the
middle. So clearly this illustration is about automation and how workers feel about it.
2.Some workers seem to be running away from the plant whereas others seem to be dancing around the
automated machine that performs the tasks by itself. So there are people who think robots are coming
for their jobs and there are people who believe that robots won’t invade the workplace to steal their jobs.
3.Indeed, we should rejoice at seeing boring tasks left to robots. Human-beings should be given more
rewarding tasks and more fulfilling assignments.
4.The background is dark and looks threatening. It shows that automation, AI and robots are both seen
as the way forward and a menace.

Doc. 1 - Looking for your next job ? Make sure your social media profiles are safe for work
1.The document is from the website businessnewsdaily.com and was posted in November 2021. It is a
website that provides the viewer with advice on professional life.
2.When having a job interview with a company, the human resources manager is likely to look at
LinkedIn first but also at Facebook, Twitter to find out more about the job seeker.
3.Job seekers should “clean” their accounts on social media to make sure that there are no offensive
pictures or tweets or videos that might shed a bad light on them. Employers do not want to see that you
party, you misbehave, you are vulgar, for instance.
Doc. 2 – Audio 26 - Metaverse

1. “Meta” is indeed the new name intoduced by Mark Zuckerberg end of 2021. It means « beyond ».
The term "metaverse" which is the complete new name of Facebook has its origins in the 1992 science
fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of "meta" and "universe."
2. “Infotainment” and “brunch” are the other two portemanteau words introduced by Joan. We all know
that infotainment is information + entertainment. Brunch is the beginning of breakfast and the end of
lunch.
Doc. 3 – Video 13 - The World Ahead 2022 : five stories to watch out for
1.Hybrid working means that from now on workers, employees will work remotely as well as at their
office. They will no longer work from 9 to 5 or 5 days a week.
2.White male knowledge managers are in favour of heading back to the office whereas Black knowledge
managers and females would like to be able to work from home.
3.Those who will lose out are those that are not seen in the office. Their boss will forget them when
there are promotions and the less visible, i.e. will be forgotten or discriminated against when time comes
for promotion.
29
Text – Audio 27 - The Revolt of the American Worker
1. Lexical work
a. Hospitality sector.
b. To be confident.
c. A counterpart.
a. Une véritable/authentique diminution.

b. À des taux jamais vus/ à un rythme sans commune mesure.
c. S’enhardir/encourager.
d. Une incitation/un avantage.

a. We may feel surprised to see that in the USA workers are unhappy about their working conditions,
their wages. So they have decided to rebel, to show their disagreement to their boss. “Workers” is
repeated countless times and “labor shortages/market” is also repeated. Thus, the reader understand that
workers will take advantage of a tight labor market to go on strike and start an industrial action.
b. This article is from the Nobel Prize winner, Paul Krugman, and was published on December 8, 2021
in the quality newspaper, The New York Times.
3. Check the facts

a. An unhappy economy is when there is a recession. True
b. A tight labour market is when there are not enough workers looking for a job. False
c. Workers go on strike more easily. True
d. When workers have no job, they do not look for a new job as they get unemployment benefits. False
e. American workers were treated badly. True
f. With the pandemic, workers no longer want to cope with bad jobs. True
g. Americans are right to look for better jobs. True

a. The Revolt of the American Worker is about American blue-collar workers who have made the
decision to go on strike or to quit their job because they are badly treated, work long hours, do not have
vacations or just a few days and earned as much as workers in 1991. They have had enough and want
their professional life to improve drastically.
b. The pandemic has enabled them to see that they do not spend time with their family, they are always
on the run and a decent happy life is not what they have. So they are willing to take risks to have a better
life.
5. Topic debrief
b. The pandemic has enabled American workers to rethink their work-life balance and asked for better
working conditions and higher pays.
Language
1. De nombreux Américains détestaient leur emploi il y a deux ans.
30
2. Les Conservateurs affirmaient que les allocations chômage étaient responsables.
3. Ces six derniers mois, les salaires ont augmenté de 18% par an.

Text – Audio 28 – Is the pandemic accelerating automation ? Don’t be so sure
1. Lexical work
a. Des postes non-pourvus.
b. Des robots qui remplacent les emplois.
c. Salaires.
d. Conséquences/répercussions.
a. To worsen.
b. Pandemic-induced.
c. An extra incentive.
d. To boast.
e. Pandemic-induced/Covid- induced (not in the text).

a. The title is a question so the reader will have to find the answer in the text. At first, the reader may
believe the answer is obvious but it might not be the case. Automation might have stopped during the
Covid lockdown.
b. This press article is from the famous British magazine The Economist published on the 19th of June
2021. The Economist is known for its economic and business articles.
3. Check the facts

a. A labour shortage
b. The coming of robots
c.
- Because labour gets expensive.
- Because governments have given money to firms that has been used on developing automation.
d. Wages have increased after remaining quite low for 40 years. Wages for the worst-paid workers are
rising more quickly than the average.
e. Routine jobs have been replaced by robots in the last 40 years. Covid-19 has increased the
development of automation. However, jobs have not been replaced by robots and in fact jobs that could
have been automated have not been. There are still many jobs available.

a. Automated jobs are jobs that are routine jobs that are easier for robots to learn. But non-routine jobs
are not easy to automate.
b. Labour shortages means that there are not enough people for the jobs available. Robots have not been
invested in. So it means that current robots are either more productive as they have been improved and/or
robots do not replace workers as there were more than 9.3m vacancies in June 2021. To recap, we can
say that increase in automation does not lead to a decrease in jobs but the opposite.
31
5. Topic debrief
a. Automation is the main focus of this article and claims that automation has no repercussion on
employment, i.e. it does not reduce the number of jobs available.
Language
a. Le PNB des Etats-Unis a presque retrouvé son niveau d’avant la pandémie.
b. Pendant 4 décennies, les emplois routiniers/répétitifs ont diminué graduellement alors que les robots
s’amélioraient.
c. Le coût du travail augmente alors que les revenus baissent.

Video –Video 14 - Buffalo Starbucks vote to form chain’s 1st Union in US on ABC

a. The title clearly indicates that Starbucks workers are now able to join a trade union in Buffalo, NY.
ABC is the American channel the video was posted on.
b. Starbucks is a chain of coffee shops the headquarters of which are in Seattle, WA. It was known for
being a non-smoking place. Coffees can be quite expensive.
3. Watch the video

Particular • ripple effect • wages • labour shortages • upstate • tracking • rising power.
a. This video was posted on ABC and is presented by George Stephanopoulos. ABC is a news channel.

b. Starbucks workers in Buffalo have voted to be able to unionize.
3. Watch the video a third time

c. Starbucks executives had lobbied hard to prevent unionization.
d. Kellogg’s and Volvo and Deere have also been on strike.
e. Starbucks workers want less staff to be hired and more training to be available.

I. Introduction
ABC news is the channel that posted this video about Starbucks and this historic vote.
II. Development
Starbucks workers complain about overstaffing and undertraining. So it is not just on wages.
III. Conclusion
Because of the labour shortages, workers have more power today than in the past 40 years. However if
the Starbucks in Buffalo won, it lost elsewhere and there are still many more coffee shops that will have
to organize a union drive and a vote.
32
Audio – Audio 31 – Women, Work and the Pandemic
2. Before listening
a. This young woman is answering the phone and working on the computer at the same time. She is
smiling and seems quite content.
b. Some women who had a job before the pandemic had to keep working remotely during the lockdown.
Others lost their job. So the title could be “How working women in the US were impacted by the
pandemic.

c. Some women lost their job and have not been able to find a new one after the covid-19 lockdown.
Some might have been prevented from going back to work because the kids were at home and schools
were working remotely.
d. Stacey Golden is the host.
e. Among the following words which ones do you hear ?
Lockdowns • workforce •flexibility • housework/hospitality sector • to edge up • a drop-off • personal
choice • educational needs • labour force • career • push back • to waste • pride • to keep up • tax laws •
remote.
a. Sarah is an accountant. Her husband is a doctor. She had to care for the kids as child centers were
closed.

b. 4 million women left their job.
c. Women are responsible for child care and housework.
d. Women were hit hard because they work in the service, car or hospitality sectors.
e. The 2nd interviewee is Allison Turner.
f. Since the 1950s there have been more and more women having a job.
g. In April 2020 there were 55% working.
h. 2 million did not return.
i. Maybe they did not want to go back or maybe child care is too expensive. So they did not come back
for financial reasons.

j. No, it is not good.
k. “Scarring” means permanent damage.
l. A short break from work can have a damaging effect.
m. Some of them did, others did not because child care had become really expensive as day center took
fewer kids.
n. Childcare has become expensive.
33
o. Sarah has been unable to go back although she had planned to restart.
p. She is proud of having a degree and she keeps up with new tax reforms.

We are presented with Sarah, an accountant who stopped working and went back home as her doctor
husband was not working from home. She became responsible for child care and housework although
she mentioned that her husband is really supportive. Then the expert, Allison Turner, explained that
more and more women were having from the fifties on but the covid lockdown stopped this trend as 4
million women went back home. And now that lockdown is no longer mandatory there are still 2 million
women who have not returned to the labour market. It is a real problem as the US economy will lose out
and that among the 2 million women, there might be some who did not feel like going back, but the
reason a lot of them did not come back is that child care has become so expensive.
In conclusion, we can say that women have been harder hit than men and the two reasons for this are
that women are still in charge of household chores and they are involved in jobs where they had to be
there.
>Tasks (pages 82-83)

Task 1 – Video - Video 15 - Google execs tell employees they won’t raise pay to match inflation
1.a. Starbucks, Volkswagen, Amazon, Boeing and Alphabet are mentioned in the video
b. Workers ask for a pay rise because of inflation. Their purchasing power has been reduced by price
increases.
c. No they will not. Or only those whose performance is seen as deserving.
d. Starbucks wants to unionize.
e. We see how the shares for Starbucks and Alphabet are doing live.
2. Google workers walked out because they want a pay rise that would match up inflation. But unlike
what happened at Google years ago, the top executives only want to best to get an increase that would
be based on performance. Some other companies are mentioned as the employees in these companies
have also been on strike. The companies that are mentioned are all multinationals such as Boeing,
Volkswagen, Starbucks, and Amazon. If at some companies like at Starbucks, employees have
organized to vote on unionization. It is not true everywhere.
Task 2 – Audio – Audio 32 – Could a robot do your job ?
1. a. The audio is about the replacement of human jobs by robots.
2. b. Utopia : is an imagined community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect
qualities for its citizens.
Dystopia : It is the opposite of an utopia, that is to say a society that is undesirable or frightening.
3. – The document tackles the issue of automation and the place robots have now and will have in the
future workplace. Enormous progress has been made in the field of automation and Artificial
Intelligence. The consequences of this progress on the future of mankind is unclear for the expert in the
audio who just does not know, and crosses his fingers hoping that a right balance will be found in the
future between men and machines. The jobs quoted in the audio are automated tasks in Amazon
warehouses or tasks performed in the car industry.
34
– Humanoid robots are already busy in the health sector especially in Japan and perform nursing care
tasks and clearly humanoid robots will be found in industries that interact with human beings. A
reference to 3PO, a character in the Star War saga is presented as a likely humanoid robot we will deal
in the future like banks if we follow what the Japanese are doing.
– We are heading toward highly-skilled science fiction like robots. Robots are no longer just a device.
They are the result of science and technology working together. So some of them are able to read moods
of the customers and respond accordingly. Optimists view it as a major step forwards when pessimists
might see it as a step backwards.
Task 3 – Text – Audio 33 – ‘I’m still in pain’ : Amazon employees say climate of fear has led to
high rates of injuries
1.a. Chloe Roberson is an Amazon employee who injured herself at an Amazon warehouse in
Chattanooga, Tennessee.
b. She has been on a sick leave because her knee injury and wants the company to pay her medical bills.
c. She was scheduled to be operated on October 28, 2021.
d. Chloe Roberson wants Amazon to offer some workers’ compensation.
e. Amazon is known for having a high rate of accidents on the job and not abiding by safety rules.
f. Media outlets have reported on this major issues so Chloe Roberson is not an unusual case.
g. OSHA is an agency that belongs to Department of Labour that could put pressure on Amazon.
h. Amazon did say that it will investigate but already spends money and hires people to work on safety
issues.
2. This article from the Guardian published on 30 Dec 2021 deals with workers’ safety. Amazon, the
online multinational, is once again accused of putting too much pressure on its workforce that results in
accident. Indeed, the accident rate is extremely high.
Here it is about Chloe Roberson from Tennessee who infured her knee and has been out of work for
some time now. She needs to be reoperated on Oct 28, 2021. But she cannot pay her medical bill and
wants Amazon to pay for them.
Amazon is reluctant to do so and has only responded to the media coverage by stating that there are
already 8,000 people who train the staff on safety. OSHA, the federal agency on work is also mentioned.
To conclude, we can say that working in an Amazon warehouse is not a good place.
3. Amazon, la multinationale, est à nouveau accusé par une ouvrière de son entrepôt de Chattanooga au
Tennessee. Dans le cas de Chloe Roberson qui s’est blessée sur son lieu de travail et est en arrêt maladie,
il s’agit que les frais médicaux soient payés par Amazon. Amazon se défend d’être responsable de cet
accident et dit avoir 8000 salariés qui travaillent sur la sécurité au travail.
Pourtant, ce n’est pas un événement isolé : les médias ont déjà couvert des cas similaires d’accidents au
travail.
35
>Background - Test (page 84)
Hybrid work and Unionization : don’t be sure
1. “Creative destruction” is a term invented by Schumpeter that implies that when jobs are replaced by
machines, new jobs are created.
2.Work and the workplace are changing because more and more tasks are automated and we have
introduced digital technology.
3. New technology has always replaced human beings and we should not worry about it as we should
all hope to be working fewer hours.
4. If tasks are done by robots, it means that we will have more free time.
5.With the coming of the internet, 500,000 jobs were lost in France.
6.With every single baby boomer a pensioner, it means that the labour market might become tight and
there might be a labour shortage.
7.Covid-19 has introduced hybrid working, which will work for some but not other. Knowledge workers
will have access to remote work but not your truck driver and not your retail employee.
8.Yes, you should worry of not getting any promotion and having hybrid working reintroducing some
discrimination.
9. I believe I could see myself working more than 2 days a week from home but I would need to spend
time at the office as well as I might find it hard to work from the office if I was just a remote worker.
10.Countries could offer better pays. It might attract people who have already retired or people from
other industries.
11. Unskilled workers usually work abroad or in the EU because the salary elsewhere is better. If the
pay in their country was higher, they would not migrate.
12. Having access to the EU market is fine because the free circulation is authorized and has been made
much easier.
13. An increase in pay may lead to more consuming or more saving. In one case, inflation could rise
again. In the other, it would have no impact.
14. Unionization is paramount : it enables workers to have better working conditions, better wages and
a better bargaining power.
15.Labour stoppage can be harmful if it lasts too long. Whatever the reason companies have to make
sure it does not happen too often.
36
5 - Transports
>Opening (page 88 - 89)

Why is the Tesla Semi the Future of trucks ? – Video 16
1. Trucks transport food, household goods and even electric car parts.
2. Tesla has come up with a fully electric truck design.
3. Tesla semi will replace diesel trucks because they use 20% less fuel and there is less wear on some
parts.
Questions
1. The shortest route from Taiwan to Europe is clearly through the Suez Canal.
2. It takes 34 days when a vessel goes around the Cape of Good Hope.
3. It might cost less to use the longest route or it might be less dangerous.

Doc. 1 - Ethiopia opens new rail line to Djibouti in industrial drive
1.The document is from Reuters and was posted on October 5, 2021.
2.China is mentioned because it is financing the new train line from Addis Ababa to Djibouti.
3.The new rail track should bring new jobs and prosperity to the country.
Doc. 2 - Video 17 - The Economics of Shipping

1.This video is about why most goods are transported by sea. But what makes sea shipping so attractive.
2. Maritime shipping is the cheapest whereas train is efficient.
3. Choosing is sea is the best decision as ships are energy efficient, and go in straight lines, and rely on
very little manpower. Plus the ports do not have any fixed assets like road to maintain.
Doc. 3 - Shipping & Customs

1. This is a chart that explains what happens to goods being exported in 12 steps.
2. 12 steps are necessary before the cargo arrives at its final destination.
3. Supplier is the term which is used to refer to the person who makes the goods.
4. A transport supplier is a transport company that organizes the transport of goods. It is also called a
forwarder.
5. Apart from the price of the cargo, you may have to pay duties, insurance, and the forwarder’s fees.
6. It takes 48/49 days from Shanghai to Paris at a speed of 10 knots.
Doc. 4 - Audio 34 - Strait of Hormuz

1.The Strait of Hormuz is located between Iran and the United Arab Emirates.
2.It is busy because the Arabian Peninsula has the largest oil and gas reserves.
3.Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates need to ship oil and gas through the Strait of Hormuz.
4. Oman, Iran and the United Arab Emirates are the closest to the Strait of Hormuz.
5. Saudi Arabia has 15 million people and is 2.1 million Km2; Oman is 309,500 km2 and has 4.6 million
people and UAE is 83,600 km2 large and has 10 million people.
37
Text – Audio 35 - Supply chains in 2022 : shortages will continue, but for some sellers the problem
will be too much stock
1. Lexical work
a. Une pénurie de vaccins • échelon • surapprovisionnement • faire des réserves • augmenter.
Vaccine shortage – tier – over supply – to have too much stock – rise.
b. Faciliter/rendre plus facile – et pourtant.

a. This article is from The Conversation, an online site that provides articles from university professors
and scholars. It was published in January 2022.
b. Shortages is opposed to too much stock. It shows that the lockdowns have resulted in shortages at
time due to huge demand followed by too much stock when lockdowns were over.
3. Check the facts

a. Shortages were all solved. False
b. Shelves were left empty in 2020. True
c. Demand is always the same. False
d. The bullwhip effect can be defined as a small change causing a major disruption. True
e. Car manufacturers were short of chips. True
f. 1.9 billion tonnes of merchandise are shipped by cargo containers yearly. True
g. Shortages of goods are doubled with shortage of labour. True

a. There were shortages of goods and of labour due to the fact people consumed much more when in
lockdowns and did not wish to go back to their previous job when lockdowns were over.
b. Consumers have become erratic as they behave differently when in lockdowns than when they are
able to go to the shops. Their needs were different.
5. Topic debrief
a. Shortages are not the only problems. Oversupply is also a major disruption for
retailers especially
Language
1. Va-t-on faire face ou affronter une nouvelle année de pénurie ?
2. Les experts demandent si la crise de l’approvisionnement va prendre fin prochainement.
3. Une fois la demande satisfaite, il y avait un surplus de marchandises.
38
Text – Audio 36 - Kazakhstan unrest : how will China’s economic interests be affected by the
protests ?
1. Lexical work
a. Saccager – provoquer/bouleverser – inonder – enclave (sans accès à la mer) – s’étendre.
b. Adviser / Industry insiders - Unrest / riot – remote – bolster.

a. The title is a question about the impact of unrest in Kazakhstan on Chinese companies.
b. It is a text that was adapted from Luna Sun and posted in January 2022.
3. Check the facts

a. – an unrest
b. Kazakhstan is located on China's northwest border. It is positioned between China and Europe.
Chinese merchants have been used to trading with Kazakhstan for centuries.
c.– attacks against Chinese companies
d. They ensure that Chinese companies and businesses would not be the targets of the protests.
e. Kazakhstan trades with China and trade amounts to $22.94 billion in 2021, which represents an
increase of 14.7 from the previous year.
f. Gas is traded but also solar panels and wind farms are planned to be the next infrastructure that China
might invest in.
g. China is eager to have access to more solar and wind-powered energy from Kazakhstan.

a. Kazakhstan has gas and China needs energy so gas pipelines have been set up to provide China with
gas.
b. What could slow down trade is if there are other riots in the region and how the Uyghur community
is handled as Kazakhs are also Moslems.
5. Topic debrief
a. This article is about the Chinese-Kazakh trading relationship and how unrest may damage Chinese
companies.
Language
a. Des dizaines de manifestants ont été tués dans les échauffourées.
b. Les gazoducs entre les deux pays ne devraient pas être endommagés.
c. Le gouvernement prend des mesures pour s’assurer de la sécurité des entreprises chinoises.
39
Video - Video – 18 How bad for the environment are cruise ships ?

a. Cruise ships are huge ocean liners that sail the seven seas and attract 20 million tourists every year.
A cruise is the ultimate luxury holiday for some people.
b. This holiday is far from being environmentally-friendly as it pollutes a lot. The fuel that it uses to
power its engines, the wastewater that it releases pollute a lot.
c. The coming of so many people to visit for a day a city is prone to destroy the environment.
3. Watch the video

Ocean liners • disaster fuel oil • diesel • hazardous • waste • emit • incinerator • average • amount • ports
• particles • increase • container • sulphur • greener.
a. Les croisières sont beaucoup trop polluantes et émettent une pollution équivalente à celle de 5 millions
de voitures. L’électricité ne devrait pas venir du bateau lorsqu’il est à quai mais plutôt d’un fournisseur
local. Le fuel utilisé devrait être remplacé par du diesel mais cela signifierait que le prix du voyage
augmenterait.

b. 20 million people buy themselves a holiday on a cruise ship.
c. Cruise ships use too much electricity and pollute as much as 5 million cars.
d.1 billion of CO2 is released ; 2,000 passengers are on a cruise ship on average ; 1,500 tonnes of fuel
are used per day when at sea.
e. At ports, they use electricity generated by the ship when it would be better to use local electricity.
f. Shipping releases 1 billion tonnes of CO2 per year out of the 31 billion tonnes that are released
worldwide.
g.5 million cars covering the same distance pollute as much as a cruise ship. There are about 500 cruise
ships to which must be added container ships and tankers.
h. Price would increase if some regulatory rules were implemented such as using diesel and using
electricity from ports.

It is a well informed video by DW, Deutsche Welle, an English-speaking German site. Cruises are on
the increase and they keep polluting too much because regulatory rules should be less lenient. Or
Consumers should agree to pay more or opt for another type of holiday.
40
Audio – Audio 39 - Shipping and the pandemic ?
2. Before listening
a. One may infer that shipping has slowed down when everyone was in lockdown but when demand
started rising again, shipping must have picked up.
b. Too many container ships arriving at ports and congesting ports that led to a slowdown in unloading
and loading. So there was much disruption with goods that took days before being unloaded.
c. Too little demand during the lockdown followed by too much demand that could not be met by cargo
containers.
d. Shipping container : conteneur maritime
Refilled : rechargé
Loaded : chargé
Unloaded : déchargé
Vessel : vaisseau, bateau
Makeshift : moyens temporaires
Affordable : abordable
Amenities : infrastructures, équipements
Inland = à l'intérieur des terres
(Certains plus évidents ne sont pas traduits)
a. Sid Montpellier is the host.
b. The Conversation is mentioned as providing information on containers.
– The interviewee is Celina Tel.
– There was a major disruption due to congestions in ports just before Christmas 2021.
– 1.9 billion goods are shipped per year and there are 30 million shipping containers.

c. The name of the historian is Marc Levinson and the name of the businessman is Malcom Mclean.
d. With the coming of containers, you gained time and nothing was reported missing. You no longer
needed to shift goods from one crate to another.
e. 20 ft and 40ft are the two container sizes.
f. Goods were moved from a cardboard to another box.

g. It enabled goods to get there more rapidly and containers were handled not the goods per se.
h. The Panama Canal and the Suez Canal are two major routes for cargo ships.
i. At first, there were 6,000 containers then it increased to 24,000.
j. Cargo ships became bigger and were able to carry more containers.
k. They are used for every type of goods : clothes, fruits, car parts, gadgets, etc.
l. Containers were used as makeshift houses.
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m. In Germany in 201, containers were used to house or accommodate Syrian refugees in Tempelhof.
n. China manufactures containers.

Globalization was sped up thanks to Malcom Mclean and the idea of shipping containers. It made
transporting goods faster and easier. Less time was needed to load and unload and so it also became
cheaper.
But during the pandemic shipping was disrupted with the slow demand that suddenly picked up when
lockdowns were lifted. This created a major congestion at ports as cargo containers were waiting in
line to unload goods coming from China.
One can say that sea transport is the cheapest and the easiest and has enabled globalization to become a
full scale endeavor.

Task 1 – Audio -Audio 40 -The rail freight
1 a. Europe has got passenger trains whereas the US has got freight trains.
b. Rail freight has been able to develop because passenger trains were not.
c. The two cannot work together as passenger trains using the same rail tracks would disrupt rail freight.
d. The trucking industry pollutes too much and has been impacted by global warming.
e. Fewer regulations in the train industry has enabled this industry to develop and become less
expensive and more profitable.
2.Stella Moon, an expert from Yale University explains why trains are now back in the American
conversation. Between Europe and the US there is one difference : Europa has an excellent network
of passenger trains whereas the US has the best freight network.
In the US there are 7 major railroads and 500 short lines and regional railroads. They are developing
rapidly as they are economical solutions to long-haut transportation. The US would not be
able to combine high speed trains with rail freight that might be disrupted.
To conclude rail freight is clearly competing with the trucking industry and global warming will tip
the balance in favour of rail freight.
Task 2 – Text – Audio 41 - Coal emissions : a step backwards
1. a. The title reveals that the coal industry has not yet reached its sweet death.
b. More coal is being used therefore more pollution is generated.
c. Coal consumption has increased when the economy rebounded after the Covid 19 lockdown.
d. Coal is responsible for much pollution and increasing CO2 emissions.
e. Rhodium researchers are adamant coal-fired plants must be closed if we want to reach our goals of
cutting emissions by 50% of 2005 levels.
f. The Build Back Better package is to speed up the energy transition and build back better
infrastructures.
2. The coal industry is not yet dead in the USA. It has made a come-back after the pandemic and is now
responsible for an increase in CO2 emissions that might further delay reaching the targets that the US
had agreed in Paris Agreement in 2015.
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With the Senate refusing to vote on President Biden’s Build Back better, it might be a further delay in
stopping using coal-fired plants.
In the meantime, global warming has not receded.
3. The coal industry is not yet dead in the USA. It has made a come-back after the pandemic and is now
responsible for an increase in CO2 emissions that might further delay reaching the targets that the US
had agreed in Paris Agreement in 2015.
With the Senate refusing to vote on President Biden’s Build Back better, it might be a further delay in
stopping using coal-fired plants.
In the meantime, global warming has not receded.
Task 3 –Video – Video 33 – Inside Elon Musk’s underground loop tunnels in Las Vegas
1. Elon Musk is known for his electric car, Tesla that is slowing becoming the car of everyday driver.
2. An underground loop tunnel has been built to reduce pollution and provide a quick commute to the
Las Vegas Center.
3. Tesla offers a fleet of electric cars that bring you to the Las Vegas center within 2 minutes. The loop
avoids congestion and traffic jam. Instead of walking for 45 minutes, you have access to this new service.
This construction was completed in two years and will eventually allow you to go to the airport as well.
Up to now the cars are driven by a driver but soon the 62 cars will be autonomous and 4,400 people
could commute per hour.

Trading ships plied the Silk Road again
1. Transporting goods has become more difficult with a decreasing demand and the fact that countries
want industries to reshore their manufacturing at home.
2. There are many sea routes such as The Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the Bering strait. They all
provide shorter routes to tankers and cargo containers.
3.Sea routes are the new normal because they provide a fast, efficient and certainly cheap transport
service.
4.The Ever Green in March 2021 was blocked in the Suez Canal and prevented other container ships
from going through. Many container ships then decided to go around the Cape of Good Hope not to wait
for the ship to be freed.
5.Ships like it better because it takes fewer days and they reach their final destination more rapidly
especially when heading to European ports.
6.The Bering Strait might become a new sea route especially if icebergs keep melting. It is not used all
year round but there are companies that hope to be able to achieve this.
7.The Silk Road Belt Initiative was initiated by China to develop old or new routes to make trade easier.
So China has invested or lent money to countries who want to develop their infrastructure whether it is
solar panels or wind farms or rail lines or ports.
8. Amazon, the American online company, has decided to start its own business in the shipping industry
to avoid disruptions. It also arranges shipping for other companies.
9.The cruise industry which transports 20 million yearly has been much affected by the pandemic as
holidaymakers could not leave the liner during the lockdown. One must also mention that holidaying on
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a cruise ship is extremely polluting and in the future regulations should be harsher to prevent ocean
liners from polluting so much.
10.The cruise industry is responsible for using too much electricity, for producing 1 billion tonnes of
CO2 per year and is a toxic way of making a holiday.
6 – World challenges : sustainability and AI

Four ways AI can help tackle climate change – Video 20
1. - Generate ennergy insustainable ways.
- AI can analyse huge number of data points.
- AI can help inform disaster response.
- AI can help save more energy by making driving more efficient.
Questions
1. Artificial intelligence is used to perform tasks only human beings could perform before. Artificial
intelligence has been allowing enormous technological breakthroughs for the past decades and it still
offers extremely promising prospects in many areas, from medicine to the auto motive industry, cars
and the conquest of space. AI will allow us to be transported by self-driving cars ; on the long term, it
might bring solutions to disabled people who will be able to walk again, or recover the use of their limbs
to thanks to smart prosthesis made possible by Artificial intelligence.
2. Transportation/energy/ waste disposal.

Doc. 1 - Video 21 - AI–Artificial Intelligence 2001 trailer 1
1. The document is an extract from the trailer of film AI (Artificial Intelligence) released in 2001.
2. David is the first robotic child programmed to love and live with a family.
3. The story takes place in the distant future.
4. Because he’s a technological performance : a perfect copy of a child with all the feelings and emotions
that go with it.
Doc. 2 - Towards renewable energies

1/2. The document is a graph featuring the evolution of renewable energies from 1965 to 2015.
3. Renewable energies started being used at the beginning of the 21st century.
4. Oil consumption is not decreasing, it is just increasing less fast.
5. Coal is still very much in use, its consumption is growing.
Doc. 3 - The impact of climate : a mind map

1. The document is a mind map on the impact of climate change.
2. Climate change has a major effect on ozone depletion, desertification, and human health.
3. Climate change has been an issue for a long time, but not many people seem to be able to anticipate
the impact of this change on human life. As some whistleblowers keep telling us, in case the earth
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becomes uninhabitable, there is no plan B. That is why it is high time for every human being on earth
to change their consuming patterns along with their lifestyles.
Doc. 4 - Is Artificial Intelligence compatible with a sustainable environment ?

1. It is a written document coming from the greenbiz website.
2. Artificial Intelligence may lead to unemployment which is a new and unpredictable challenge facing
sustainable development. I believe that it is too soon to predict what sort of impact AI may have on
sustainable development. Perhaps, AI will help mankind solve its climatic problems by finding ways to
reverse the global warming and repair the ozone layer. We are able to build humanoid robots, why not
imagine inventing a device able to put a stop or reverse climate change, at least in some parts of the
world.

Text - Audio 42 - China, moving to cut emissions, halts production of 500 car models
1. Lexical work
Meet standards (vb) : répondre à des normes
Fuel economy (n) : économie basée sur le pétrole et le gaz
Latest move (n) : dernière prise de position/décision
Ban (n) : interdiction
Deregistration (n) : radiation
Greenhouse gas (n) : gaz à effets de serre
A hot button issue (expression nominale) : une question brûlante
Smog (n) : brouillard causé par la pollution
Incentive (n) : incitation
Tax overhaul (n) : réforme fiscal
Hold back from (vb) : retenir / empêcher de / s’abstenir de
Testimony (n) : témoignage
Accommodating (adj) : accommodant / arrangeant

a. The title indicates that China is taking strong steps to cut toxic emissions by stopping the production
of 500 petrol-powered car models.
b. The car industry is concerned by China’s decision.
3. Check the facts

a.
§1 China is about to ban 500 car models which do not meet its fuel economy standards. This ban will
also affect foreign cars.
§2 This measure will impact 1 percent of the Chinese market for the moment, but it is a clear shift in
China’s attitude which so far used to prioritize economic growth over environmental issues.
§3 Chinese leaders have to do something about the air pollution which often wraps the main cities up in
a thick smog, stopping all economic activities for days. For that, they intend to propose incentives for
cleaner companies.
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§4 The Chinese government strongly supports the shift to battery powered cars, which has encouraged
global car makers to quicken the pace and get ready to compete with Chinese electric car manufacturers.
Meanwhile the USA are following an exact opposite policy...
§5 The Chinese have caught up their delay in clean car technology, that is why it is the right time for
them to give a halt to fuel energy and produce clean vehicles.
§6 As for the foreign car makers, they will have to adapt to the biggest market in the world’s if they do
not want to lag behind.
b. The foreign auto makers cannot ignore the Chinese car market representing millions of potential
customers. Therefore, they will have to increase their efforts in the manufacturing of green cars, by
developing hybrids or electric vehicles if they want a chance to tap this huge market.

a. It’s high time countries in the world became aware that cutting their CO2 emissions is an emergency.
Reducing greenhouse gas Emissions could prevent premature deaths. Greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide trap heat, helping warm the globe. The surge in carbon dioxide levels due to human activity
since the Industrial Revolution is now causing an overall warming of the planet that is having impacts
around the globe.
b. Chinese authorities are under pressure for taking action against the numerous “smog” outbreaks in its
major cities ; stopping all kinds of economic activities. The Chinese were ready until now to sacrifice
the environment to economic growth, implying always more products to consume and more people to
buy them. Yet, Chinese cities have become so polluted that it is causing real hazards and killing hundreds
of thousands of people every year. When business activities have to stop because of an air pollution
outbreak, it shows that pollution can become an obstacle to growth which has to be overcome as fast as
possible. Turning to cleaner energies is a guarantee that on the not too long term, Chinese cities will be
able to breathe all year through, hence be economically productive.
c. The US stepped out of the Paris agreement because the new President (President Trump) first wanted
to undo everything his predecessor (Obama) had done, then because he wants to continue to develop
fossil fuel energies, as he doesn’t believe in climate change. The US government has even decided to
slacken the rules concerning tailpipe emissions ; likewise, he wanted to reopen coal mines and intensify
shale oil fracking.
5. Topic debrief
China is about to ban 500 car models which do not meet its fuel economy standards. This ban will also
affect foreign cars. This measure will impact 1 percent of the Chinese market for the moment, but it is
a clear shift in China’s attitude which so far used to prioritize economic growth over environmental
issues. Chinese leaders have to do something about the air pollution which often wraps the main cities
up in a thick smog, stopping all economic activities for days. For that, they intend to propose incentives
for cleaner companies. The Chinese government strongly supports the shift to battery powered cars,
which has encouraged global car makers to quicken the pace and get ready to compete with Chinese
electric car manufacturers. But the Chinese have caught up their delay in clean car technology, that is
why it is the right time for them to give a halt to fuel energy and produce clean
vehicles. As for the foreign car makers, they will have to adapt to the biggest market in the world if they
do not want to lag behind. Today, the foreign auto makers cannot ignore the Chinese car market
representing millions of potential customers. Therefore, they will have to increase their efforts in the
manufacturing of green cars, by developing hybrids or electric vehicles if they want a chance to tap this
huge market.
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Language
1. La Chine émet un quart des gaz à effet de serre d’origine humaine.
2. Ces mesures sont prises pour diminuer et pour être remplacées par des quotas de voitures propres.
3. La Chine projette de devenir le plus gros marché du carbone mondial.
4. La Chine est devenue un défenseur improbable de l’environnement.

Text – Audio 43 - How Artificial Intelligence helps sustainability
1. Lexical Work
a. Bio-neutre en carbone-recyclage-recyclé-zero plastic-économie circulaire-vert (écologique)-
végétalien.
b. Reduce –lower.

a. From the title we can anticipate that the article will deal with the ways in which AI can help the planet
to reach sustainability.
b. Transhumanism - human enhancement - green - eco-friendly - circular economy - carbon neutral-zero
emission - alternative energy etc.
3. Check the facts

§1 57% of French people are loyal to brands committed to social issues.
§2 Because the list of characteristics to be labelled “eco-friendly” is long and complex.
§3 It attracts customers and improves their revenues.
§5 Amazon was helped by AI to reduce its packaging requirements. On line retailers can also anticipate
on the best cost efficient shipping solutions.
§6 Carrefour has been able to optimize inventory management thanks to AI.
§7 The carbon standard must be integrated into the entire value chain.

§1 French people are sensitive to companies involved in social issues.
§2 Awareness is on the rise, with an increasing number of people opting for organic food. However, the
eco –friendly label is difficult to obtain as it requires to abide to an intricate number of characteristics.
§3 Companies involved in sustainable development increase their gains.
§4 AI has been able to reduce greenhouse gases among manufacturers and retailers by 13% and can take
them even further as AI is involved in many stages of the value chain.
§5 AI is also involved in logistics and is helping Amazon and its peers to optimize both their packaging
and their shipping.
§6 AI is also able to optimize inventory management : this new technology has been adopted by
Carrefour allowing the retailer to reduce its number of shortage or overstock in both stores and
warehouses.
§7 The carbon standard must be integrated in the chain of value.
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5. Topic debrief
French people are sensitive to companies involved in social issues Today, awareness is on the rise, with
an increasing number of people opting for organic food. However, the eco –friendly label is difficult to
obtain for brands as it requires them to conform to an intricate number of characteristics. However, it
is a fact that companies involved in sustainable development increase their gains. The positive impact
of AI on sustainability is significant : AI has been able to reduce greenhouse gases among manufacturers
and retailers by 13% and can take them even further as AI is involved in many stages of the value chain.
AI is also involved in logistics and is helping Amazon and its peers to optimize both their packaging
and their shipping. AI is also able to optimize inventory management ; this new technology has been
adopted by Carrefour allowing the retailer to reduce its number of shortage or overstock in both stores
and warehouses.
As a conclusion we can say that traditional criteria to evaluate companies is no longer sufficient : the
carbon standard must be integrated in companies chain of value.
Language
1. Bien que la prise de conscience soit importante aujourd’hui, le marché est encore difficile à évaluer.
2.La bonne nouvelle réside dans le fait qu’une marque, en s’impliquant dans le développement durable,
augmente également sa croissance économique.
3. Sept personnes sur dix en France consomment des aliments bio au moins une fois par mois.
4. La norme carbone doit être intégrée dans l’intégralité de la chaine de valeur.

Video – Video 22 - Climate change will impact health (from NRDC)

a. The Natural Resources Defense Council is a United States-based 501 non-profit international
environmental advocacy group, with its headquarters in New York. It was founded in 1970.
b. Developing countries are the most exposed to climate change.
c. Hurricanes, droughts, wild fires, floods are the phenomena induced by climate change.
d. Asthma, allergies, cancers, heart disease.
3. Watch the video

Sea level • health • concern • heat wave • vulnerable • pollutants • smog • throat • lungs • pollens •
allergies • asthma • insects • illnesses • virus • disease • events • fire • hurricane • energised • demand •
secure • children.
1. Watch the whole video
a. La vidéo a pour sujet l’impact du changement climatique sur la santé humaine.

 Watch the first part : => 1’47
b. Climate change has been on the scientists’ agenda for several decades.
c. Today’s big concern is the way climate change affects people’s health.
d. Successive heat waves kill the most vulnerable people as they increase the amount of pollutants in
the atmosphere ; they generate smog.
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e. The poor, the children the elderly and the sick are the most vulnerable.
f. Millions of people are concerned in the USA.
g. The second most important pollution factor is air pollution.
h. The warmer the temperature, the higher the air pollution is.
i. The throat, the eyes, the lungs are affected by air pollution.
j. Pollens trigger allergies and they occur during warm periods. So longer warm periods mean more
allergies.
k. It can generate asthma attacks, and respiratory diseases in general.
l. Global warming spreads disease, carrying insects, such as some species of mosquitoes and ticks.
m. They can carry the Zyka virus, the Lyme disease, dengue fever, etc.
 Watch the second part : 1’47 => end

n. Climate change costs over billions of dollars each year.
o. Wild fires, floods, Zyka outbreaks, hurricanes are quoted.
p. They cost over 14 billion dollars.
q. Scientists hope for a general awareness.

The video is a footage from the Natural resources Defence Council warning about the impact of climate
change on human health.
Some countries are more at risks than others as they are more liable suffer from natural disasters,
themselves generated by climate change. For example, heat waves, apart from destroying crops and
water supplies leading to starvation and dehydration, aggravate the intensity and quantity of pollutants
in the air we breathe. Air pollution is the most sensitive factor as it affects millions of people’s health
worldwide at a tremendous financial cost.
Periods of allergy peaks are longer lasting and can seriously affect people’s respiratory system.
Moreover, climate change allows the spreading of virus-carrying insects, infecting the population with
Zika virus, the dengue fever or the Lyme disease.
The most vulnerable population are the children, the elderly and the sick.
The spokeswoman for the NDRC hopes for a raising awareness among the population, inciting each one
on his/her small level to reduce their carbon footprint.

Audio – Audio 46 – Can insects save the world ?
2. Before listening
a. The visual document represents the amount of food necessary to feed farm animals with traditional
agriculture. It reveals that insect based animal feed would spectacularly reduce the amount of food
necessary to feed animals.
b. L’audio est une émission de radio avec pour invitée la fondatrice d’une start up française, Innovafeed,
specialisée dans l’élevage d’insectes pour nourrir le bétail et autres animaux d’élevage.
Aude Guo explique que l’insecte utilisé est la mouche soldat noir qui a la particularité de contenir tous
les nutriments nécessaires au bon développement des animaux. Cette innovation va permettre de réduire
de façon significative l’impact de l’agriculture sur l’environnement pour un coût très raisonnable. Les
pays en voie de développement devraient pouvoir bénéficier de cette technologie à la fois performante
49
et bon marché. Innovafeed opère aux USA et projette de s’implanter en Asie du Sud Est dans un futur
proche.

a. The audio will be about how human beings can use insects to protect the planet.
b. The guest is the co-founder of a recent start up specialized in insect-based food.
1. Listen to the whole audio
a.
-The guest is a woman, Aude Guo, co-founder of a French start up specialized on insect breeding.
- The company’s name is Innovafeed. It is a high tech food start up. The company produces insect-based
ingredients for cattle food.

b. They use the black soldier fly.
c. It is full of nutrients and requires few resources to grow.
d. To feed cattle and farm animals of all sorts.
e. By developing a technology reducing the environmental impact by 50%.
f. Insect breeding can be of great help in developing countries thanks to its low cost and sustainability.
g. They are going to operate in South East Asia.

a/b. The radio programme is about Innovafeed, a new type of food start up based on insect breeding.
It is a French start up operating in the US. Their aim is to decrease the impact of agriculture on the
environment by producing insect-based animal feed. It is a fact that agriculture is mostly dedicated to
feeding cattle and other farm animals, which comes at a great environmental price.
The insects used in this company are the black soldier flies as they contain all the necessary ingredients
to produce healthy food. Feeding animals with insects using Innovafood technology will have a positive
impact on the environment. This cattle breeding method will be most helpful in developing countriesas
it is both cos efficient and sustainable. For the time being, the start up ‘s next move will be South East
Asia.
Task 1 – Video - Video 23 – Watch Sophie the robot walk for the first time
1.a. The video shows a humanoid robot, Sophia, performing a few steps ; this explains the title of the
video.
b. Frubber is a material which feels and looks like human skin used to manufacture robots like Sophia.
c. She can blink, turn her head and smile and she can perform 60 facial expressions.
d. They allow the robot to walk 30 cm per second, to climb stairs and to run.
e. She has applications in medical therapy, co work situations and research.
f. She can express her opinion on different topics.
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2/3. Sophia is a humanoid female robot manufactured by Hanson Robotics, a Hong Kong based
company. This robot is now capable of walking with robotized legs which should enable it/her to climb
stairs and even run. She is designed to move in a human environment. Sophia is made of a material
called “frubber”, an almost perfect imitation of human skin. Moreover, Sophia has many facial
expressions and is already able to answer questions with a humanlike voice.
Task 2 – Text – Audio 47 – Life-like robots meant to win over humans
1. a. The purpose of making robots is to help solve some of mankind’s most challenging problems.
b. Sophia was created by David Hanson, Hanson Robotics’ CEO.
c. Sophia can smile, blink and communicate, cameras in her eyes allow her to see, while a processor in
her brain combines facial and speech recognition.
d. The global robotic market is expected to grow by more than $10 in five years, but there is still a
massive amount of computer power needed to implement AI.
e. The humanoid robots threat
2-3. The text is an article adapted from Voice of America, dated January 16 2018. It deals with the latest
breakthrough in AI represented by Sophia, a humanoid robot manufactured by the Hong Kong firm
Hanson robotics, and introduced for the first time during the annual Las Vegas CES (Consumer
Electronics Show). Sophia is made to look human and interact with people thanks to cutting edge
technology. In spite of its amazing performances, AI is not ready yet to replace human intelligence
Task 3 – Audio 48 - Some of the biggest Artificial Intelligence (AI) trends in 2022
1.a. The programme will be about AI’s recent breakthroughs.

b. Work-cybersecurity- car industry.
- Work : smart tools will help us do our jobs more efficiently.
- Cybersecurity : by analysing network traffic and recognizing patterns suggesting evil intentions, AI
can help us stay safe from cyber criminals.
- Cars : Cars will soon be self-driving, an AI will make them safer than when they were human-driven.
2. Medicine is also impacted by AI. A lot of progress has been made thanks to AI in all medical fields.
3. This radio programme presents the successes and future prospects of AI. Ai’s impact is already huge
in many fields. Here, the guest concentrates on its impact on work, cybersecurity and cars.
Employees daily lives can be improved by new tools allowing them to be more efficient. Cybercrime
can be reduced significantly thanks to AI’s ability to spot suspicious patterns in real time.
As for cars, they will soon be self-driving, and if we believe AI’s fans, they will be much safer than
human driven vehicles as they will be able to deal in real time with much more information and variables
than the human brain.

Will AI help the planet become sustainable ?
1. Droughts, floods, hurricanes, wild fires.

2. The solution would be a radical shift towards clean energy powered by natural elements.
3. They resort to Artificial Intelligence.
4. The Cop 26 has promised to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030.
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5. They are voluntarily eliminating deforestation from their supply chain.
6. Fair trade helps small producers and encourages sustainability in developing countries.
7. 60% of the products they sell are sustainable.
8. The transport industry will be positively impacted by AI.
9. People are afraid of a dehumanization process generated by the over use of AI in all fields.
10. Staff could be replaced by humanoid robots.
7 – Global issues

As U.S.-Taiwan Trade Strengthens, Tensions With China Complicates Business – Video 24
1. This video is from the Wall Street Journal. Taiwan produces roofing screws so construction fasteners,
hardware, furniture and toys. Taiwan controls 92% of the most advanced chips used in car
manufacturing. Trade with the US represented $72 billion from September 2020 to September 2021.
Questions
1.This is the southern border between Mexico and the USA. It is 3,145 km long (1,933).
2. One knows that goods from Mexico cross the border more easily than illegal immigrants. We also
remember the wall that Donald Trump, president of the US from 2016 and 2020, wanted to build. Some
700 of those miles have fencing in place.

Doc. 1 - A plot to challenge Beijing’s growing clout in manufacturing
1.This article is from The Economic Times and was published on January 19, 2022.
2. China became the powerhouse of the world as it was able to manufacture goods at the lowest price
ever. It has since been able to become a manufacturing hub with the biggest labour market.
3.China will face challenges because western countries want to produce more at home as there were
many supply chain problems. There are geopolitical tensions that will hinder trade and China has to
abide by environmental standards.
Doc. 2 - A more connected planet

1.We are presented with a green and blue planet with the South American continent in the foreground.
This connected planet looks like a ball of wool that seems to be buzzing with excitement.
2. This drawing presents the Earth like a living world that quivers with live and feelings.
3.This planet has a human size that makes the viewer feel that s/he can go anywhere very fast. The world
has become a village because we know more about far away regions some time more than about our
own region.
4. Traveling has become affordable ; we meet people from foreign places all the time on the net or in
the street of big cities ; we use goods that are manufactured in foreign countries ; in a word we have
become a multicultural society that is keen on knowing what is done in Senegal or in Cancun.
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Doc 3 – Audio – Audio 49 - Oil companies want to keep oil supplies from growing too fast even as
global demand has increased. Credit... Brandon Thibodeaux for The New York Times
1. Energy is a paramount asset that makes the world go round. We need energy to produce, to have light,
to be warm and to have access to the news on the net.
2. Energy is a global good as it is traded globally. We get natural gas from Russia, oil from Saudi Arabia,
solar energy is homemade as well as wind energy. Fossil fuel based energy goes from one country to
another to power our industry and our businesses.
3. Oil-importing countries are always impacted when oil and/or natural gas goes up. It means our
purchasing power goes down.
4. Global warming will only be eradicated if we stop using coal, oil and natural gas as they emit a lot of
CO2.
Doc. 4 - Video 25 - Global trade and logistics overview

1. à 3. It is a video that was posted by Export NorCal which shows the type of careers you might want
to do in which you might live locally but work globally. Global trade and logistics is the fact that what
you do is connected to another part of the world. You might be working on engineering projects with
business services overseas. You might start a business in one place and sell online to customers overseas.
Any type of transactions is concerned as long as it is about moving things and making connections with
people.

Text – Audio 50 - The deglobalisation virus
1. Lexical Work
Mettre un couvercle sure – en sursis/en suspens - faire des avancées – mettre l’accent sur – chaîne
d’approvisionnement – relocalisation sur le territoire national – frontières – à l’arrêt

a. This is a text that was published by the European Council on Foreign relations in March 2020.
b. The virus that is clearly referring to Covid 19 has triggered a move toward bringing back
manufacturing home. Face masks will be made in France as well as medicines and chips and many other
goods that were out of stock during the 2020 lockdown.
3. Check the facts

a. Deglobalization started before the 2020 Covid 19 pandemic with the 2008 Subprime crisis.
b. Covid-19 has sped up deglobalization as it kept people apart. We were forbidden to travel.
c. Covid-19 is seen as a major event similar to the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers or the financial
crisis in 2008.
d. Covid-19 has revealed that we were powerless without our trading partners. We were short of many
goods that took ages to be delivered.
e. We need to see that governments now want manufacturing to come back home. Industries must be
located on the national territory.
f. Physical globalization has been stopped for a while but digital globalization has increased during that
time.
g. A pandemic requires countries to prefer for a future one with the medical equipment that is needed.
53
h. Covid-19 will make us understand that we have to be wary when traveling abroad and that sanitary
standards need to be the best and producing home is paramount.

b. The 21st century has drawn the lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic and each country
will bring back production to its shores so as not to depend on faraway countries that
deliver late and at a cost.
5. Topic debrief
a. The pandemic is responsible for speeding up deglobalization and bringing back production home.
b. Digital globalization has replaced physical globalization that might not come back as it was prior to
2020.
Language
1. Combattre le virus (ou se prémunir du virus oblige que) signifie que les gens doivent rester éloignés
les uns des autres.
2. Cela a une origine plus ancienne/Cela remonte à plus tôt.
3. Les gouvernements du monde possèdent moins d’outils.

Text – Audio 51 - Misguided U.S. Trade Policy
1. Lexical work
a. Abuse/trompé/peu judicieux – une erreur – mauvaise caractérisation/mal défini/caractérisation
erronée – plaignants étrangers – une guerre commerciale – une politique commerciale.
b. The trade policy in the US made a mistake OR American trade policy is going in the wrong direction.

a. The journalist believes that US decisions related to trade with China have been a blatant mistake.
b. This article is from Yukon Huang, a senior fellow in the Carnegie Asia Program published on 16
September 2021 on Carnegie Endowment for International Peace website.
3. Check the facts

a. China is responsible for US trade deficits. F
b. Trade deficits imply an economic recession. F
c. The US invest more in China than Europe. F
d. China is accused of stealing American technology. T
e. China has improved its legislation regarding patents. T
f. China joined the WTO in 2001. T
g. China required foreign firms to find a Chinese partner in the past. T

a.
Introduction
54
This article was published on Carnegie Endowment for International Peace website on 16 September
2021. The author has a good understanding of Chinese culture and decision-making.
This article deals with the trade relationship between the US and China and why the trade war started.
Development
First, China is not responsible for the US trade deficit and should not be blamed for it.
Second, China has reviewed its policy about foreign companies such as no longer asking foreign
companies to find a Chinese partner when opening up a business in China. This is the case for Tesla.
Third, the US is also to blame especially when accusing China of stealing technology. China has
improved a lot and has patent courts now.
Conclusion
Trade can improve between the two countries if the US recognizes that China has dropped some of its
protectionist measures.
5. Topic debrief
a. The US have accused China of being responsible for the trade deficit.
b. China has improved as its requirements for foreign businesses to invest in China are more lax/ flexible.
Language
1. Les fondations du système économique chinois ne remontent qu’à 20 ans.
2. Pour la première fois, ces entreprises étrangères ont été admises à prendre place dans des secteurs
clés.
3. Les tendances protectionnistes de la Chine sont aussi évidentes.

Video – Video 26- Borner Reopening Business Boom

a. The reopening of the border between the US and Mexico has brought about much business.
b. The US had a census in 2020 and the population that was counted amounts to 331.4 million for a
territory that is 3,5 million km2 whereas Mexico has 131.1 million inhabitants for an area of 1,9 million
km2. Mexico is smaller and less populated.
c. The end of the lockdown meant that the southern border between Mexico and the US has reopened
and business has picked up.
3. Watch the video

Non-essential ; along the border ; unable ; some employ ; in retails sales ; vendors ; magnified ; southern
; dynamic.
a. Cette vidéo présente cette région frontalière et ses commerces qui ont dû faire face au confinement.

 Watch the first part
b. Non-essential travelers are allowed to come to the US.
c. The first interviewee bought slippers for her mother’s birthday.
55
d. The last time she was in the US was in March 2020.
e. Covid-19 restrictions were put in place after March 2020.
f. 200 businesses closed and $I billion was lost in the San Diego region.
g. The retailers that closed were all in the San Diego region by the border.
h. 100 million fewer people crossed the border according to the US transport Department.
i. The region is described as having heavy losses.
j. The vaccination protocol has been introduced. The US recognizes 7 out 9 vaccines. Sputnik from
Russia and a Chinese vaccine prevent Mexicans from crossing the border.
k. There are 9 vaccines.

l. The Russian and Chinese vaccines are considered not valid by the US authorities.

Here again we understand how retailers on the American and Mexican side of the border have been
impacted by Covid restrictions. Businesses closed and less trade was done as people could not cross the
border if they were not essential workers.
We also understand how much money is made in the San Diego region and how Mexicans are welcome
to spend their money. Now some businesses are open 7 days a week to try to make up for the heavy
losses.

Audio –Audio 54 -Summit with leaders of Canada and Mexico at the White House, Washington
2. Before listening
a. Canada is a huge country with very few inhabitants : its area is 9 million km2 and its population
amounts to 38.5 million. Mexico is much more populated with 131 m people but much smaller with an
area of 1,9 m km2. Both are the neighbours of the US and have had trade agreements to promote trade.
b. This summit with newly elected president Biden will smooth tense relationships that Donald Trump
had created.

c. The interview is about the formerly known NAFTA that changed its name but not its content.
1. Listen to the whole audio once.
a. This audio emphasizes that relations have to be brought back to a new normal and should be yearly
meeting.

b. “Three Amigos” is the nickname.
c. The last meeting was D Trump in 2016 so 5 years ago.
d. Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau and President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador met with President
Biden.
e. The reasons are the same as usual : security, immigration, trade.
f. The meeting was on 18 November 2021.
56
g. The Mexican president was new to the meeting.
h. He has been in office for 3 years.
i. He has been abroad only 3 times and it was always in the US.
j. He is a leftist, a nationalist, and inward-looking.
k. Trade represents $1.5 trillion.
l. It will allow American car makers to make cars at a cheaper price, a price Canada and Mexico will
not be able to compete with.

m. Mexico is a key country because migrants from South America or Latin America have to cross
Mexico before reaching the US border.
n. “Remain in Mexico” was President Trump ‘s idea that migrants had to wait in Mexico until their case
was reviewed and they were admitted as asylum seekers.
o. Donald Trump introduced it.
p. Asylum seekers cannot enter the US and have to fill in forms and wait until they are recognized as
asylum seekers and can legally come to the US.
q. The economic development program will be introduced in Latin American countries to prevent the
coming of migrants from these countries.

Not much has been achieved : there are bones of contention. The tax credit given to American buyers
of electric cars introduces protectionist measures in the eyes of both Prime Minister, Trudeau and
President Obrador. The Marshall plan to prevent migrants from coming to the US needs to be fleshed
out. At least the yearly meeting has been reintroduced and the 2022 meeting is in Mexico. Tensions have
been somewhat lifted. But much remains to be done as very little was achieved.

Task 1 - Audio – Audio 55 - The India - UK free trade agreement
1. a. A FTA is negotiated between India and the UK as Boris Johnson is trying to find new trade partners
after leaving the EU.
b. Negotiations started in January 2022.
c. FTAs are not all the time but her it is the case bilateral agreements that enable two countries to trade
more easily with each other.
d. The Northern Ireland Protocol has created tensions and has slowed down trade with the EU as there
are more forms to fill and more red tape.
e. The Brexit has triggered a flurry of activity to recoup the losses engendered by leaving the EU.
2. A new FTA has been signed between India and the UK. We do not know if it will boost trade between
the two countries but clearly its aim was to do just that.
The UK is worried that its economy will suffer from Brexit and wants new partners. But we all know
that when trading, geography matters and close neighbours are more likely to be one’s trading partners
than far away countries.
57
The Northern Ireland protocol has angered loyalists in NI as they see the divide between the UK and NI
coming. Indeed, the customs union will bring NI and the Republic closer as trade will be easier.
Unionists are pleased as it might be a first step to reunification.
We will see.
Task 2 – Text – Audio 56 - Who benefits from China-Africa relations ?
1. a. China has given African countries a billion doses of vaccines.

b. China is buying itself friends by doing that and in the future it might be conducive to more trade.
c. Trade imbalance is certainly one way of defining the relationship between the African continent and
China. China is much more powerful but in terms of population, the 54 countries have roughly the same
number of inhabitants as China.
d. China buys raw materials such as oil or natural gas and builds hospitals or infrastructures in Africa.
e. When money is lent, the terms and conditions should be more transparent.
2. China has often been described as a new imperial power replacing western companies. It has indeed
lent much money, which has, in turn, enables some African countries to grow and now have a middle
class. However, we also know that this is not done out of the generosity of China’s heart, China expects
much in return whether at the UN Security Council or when geopolitical tensions occur.
Task 3 – Video - Video 27 - Amazing’ New Beans Could Save Coffee from Climate Change
1. a. Coffee is from countries in Africa, South America and Asia.

b. There are two types of coffee : Arabica and Robusta coffee.
c. Ethiopia and Sierra Leone are mentioned.
2. Coffee trees are endangered by heat, harvest failures, death of the trees. So coffee-growing countries
will have to find a new coffee species that is heat tolerant and can be developed. In Uganda, there are
exploratory experiments to see if this type of coffee could provide Europe with good coffee beans.
All together there are 130 coffee species but some do not taste good. With a changing climate, Uganda
might become the new coffee exporting country of the new coffee.
3. Coffee trees are endangered by heat, harvest failures, death of the trees. So coffee-growing countries
will have to find a new coffee species that is heat tolerant and can be developed. In Uganda, there are
exploratory experiments to see if this type of coffee could provide Europe with good coffee beans.
All together there are 130 coffee species but some do not taste good. With a changing climate, Uganda
might become the new coffee exporting country of the new coffee.
> Background – Test (page 138-139)

Globalization during and after the pandemic
1. Globalization has triggered the pandemic as the virus from China was brought back by tourists or
business people unaware to other parts of the world.
2. Countries realized that many goods that were needed to fight the pandemic were made in China such
as face masks, medicines and medical equipment like gowns, etc.
58
3. The shortage of goods brought home that relocation should be over. Re-shoring was imperative so as
to be able to sanitary policies or measures could be implemented without delays.
4. Today, some economists like Joseph Stiglitz, see that as a loss of know-how. Others believe that it
would cost too much to bring back manufacturing.
5. “Deglobalization” is the idea that we cannot depend on such a faraway country for essential goods
and that they should be produced at home.
6. President Joe Biden’s policy is Build Back Better to fund infrastructures, broadband access, rebuilding
roads and bridges and developing train networks.
7. In addition, we all became aware of the huge cost of shipping when the Ever Green was blocked in
the Suez Canal. It has also an environmental cost as container ships pollute a lot.
8. Jeffrey Sach is an American economist who support sustainable development and there are three goals
that should be reached : economic development, social inclusion and environmental sustainability.
9. We do not get it right because we do not want to change our ways.
10. “Social inclusion” is key as everybody needs to be included in this transition period and understand
that there is more to gain than to lose.
59
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2. Marketing & distribution 30 12

6. World challenges : sustainability and AI 106 44

7. World Global issues 124 52

© Nathan 2022 – 92, avenue de France – 75013 Paris

That’s all folks !

> Opening (page 12-13)

Question : What do you know about Black Friday ?

» Starters (pages 14-15)

Doc. 2 - Social media users in the world

Doc.4 - Audio 01 - A shift in Shopping Habits

> Prep Page (pages 16-17)

2. Read the whole text

3. Check the facts

4. Train for exam

> Text track (pages 18-19)

2. Read the whole text

3. Check the facts

> Video track (pages 20-21)

2. Before you start watching the video

3. Watch the video

Watch the second part : 1’05 => 1’59

Watch the third part : 1’59 => end

5. Train for the exam

> Audio track (pages 22-23)

3. Listen to the audio

2. Listen to the audio a second time

 Listen to the second part

5. Train for the exam

> Tasks (pages 24-25)

Task 3 - Audio – Audio 08 – Is the era of big food coming to an end ?

> Background - Test (page 26-27)

2 - Marketing & Distribution

> Opening (page 30-31)

» Starters (pages 32-33)

Doc. 2 - Audio 09 - Aldi

Doc. 3 - Cooking, Heating, Lighting Fire

Doc. 4 - Brand Marketing – Video 05

>Prep Page (pages 34-35)

2. Read the whole text

4. Train for the exam

>Text track (pages 36-37)

2. Read the whole text

3. Check the facts

4. Train for the exam

> Video track (pages 38-39)

2. Before you start watching the video

3. Watch the video

2. Watch the video a second time

5. Train for the exam

> Video track (pages 40-41)

2. Before you start watching the video

3. Watch the video

5. Train for the exam

> Audio track (pages 42-43)

2. Listen to the whole audio a second time

 Listen to the second part

 Listen to the third part

5. Train for the exam

4. Le commerce en ligne a révolutionné le commerce traditionnel à une allure vertigineuse. Aujourdhui

Task 2 – Audio – Audio 17 - Ruby Chocolate is the new black

> Background - Test (page 46 - 47)

1. Marketing is based on a unique activity. F

> Background – Test (pages 48-49)

NEW ACTIVE BUSINESS TRACKS BTS 1 & 2 Teacher's Book

NEW ACTIVE BUSINESS TRACKS BTS 1 & 2 Teacher's Book