I.

Hrodote et la femme barbe Hrodote, Histoires ( enqutes ), I, CLXXV :

, , . T . O , . Les Pdasiens habitent le milieu des terres au-deqqsq dHajicaplaqqe. Tmsreq jeq fmis que ces peuples et que leurs voisins sont menacs de quelque malheur, une longue barbe [] pousse la prtresse [ionien , attique ] dArhla. Ce prodige est arriv trois fois. Les Pdasiens furent les seuls peuples de Carie qui rsistrent longtemps Harpage [gnral mde, VIe sicle av. J.-C.], et qui jsi casqpelr beascmsn dekbappaq, el fmprifialr ja kmlragle de Lida. (danpq Pieppe-Henri Larcher, 1842)

There were Pedaseans dwelling inland above Halicarnassus; when any misfortune was approaching them or their neighbours, the priestess of Athena grew a long beard. This had happened to them thrice. These were the only men near Caria who held out for long against Harpagus, and they gave him the most trouble; they fortified a hill called Lide. (A. D. Godley, 1921)

Ce passage est cit par Strabon, et Hrodote dcrit une seconde fois le mme prodige, nes npq dalq jeq kkeq repkeq, el VIII, CIV (m ij qagir nesr-rpe dsle ilrepnmjariml). Lalriose Pdaqa/ (asj. Giejep) qe rpmste el Tsposie, as lmpd dHajicaplaqqe (auj. Bodrum). Hrodote tait n Halicarnasse.

II. Transvestisme et postiches Argos Plutarque, uvres morales, Conduites mritoires de femmes ou Vertus de femmes , Argiennes ( ). La meilleure analyse, qui permet de dmler, pour une bonne part, lcheveau de ce passage reste ce jour larticle consultable sur www.persee.fr de Pierre Sauzeau Quand la femelle ticrmpiesqe . In: Revue de lhistoire des religions, tome 216 n2, 1999. pp. 131-165. La thse du professeur Sauzeau sintitulait Partages dArgos. Recherches sur limaginaire de la Cit rayonnante (1994).
. , . , . -

 ( , , ) , . , . , , . , , . , , , , , . , , , , . .

Amyot (1572) Clich BnF. Ol pekapose jeknjmi de comme substitut possible de et (mais Hermus). ARGIENNES. A aucun des actes accomplis en commun par des femmes ne le cde, comme exploit glorieux, la lutte que les Argiennes, sous la conduite de la potesse Tlsilla, engagrent contre Clomne. Issue, dit-ml, dsle fakijje ijjsqrpe, ejje rair dsle constitution maladive. Elle envoya

donc demander aux dieux comment elle pourrait recouvrer la sant, et il lui fut rpondu par jmpacje osejje er csjritep jeq Msqeq. Dmcije jmpdpe du dieu , elle se mit composer des odes et de la musique. Ds lors elle fut en peu de temps dlivre de ses souffrances, et son talent potiose detilr jmbjer de jadkipariml de qeq cmlcirmwelleq. Ceneldalr Cjmkle, pmi deq Snapriareq, awalr kiq kmpr sl gpald lmkbpe dApgielq (lml naq rmsrefmiq qenr kijje qenr celr qmixante-dixsept, comme quelques-slq jatalcelr fabsjesqekelr), kapchair cmlrpe ja tijje. A ce kmkelr sle apdesp er sle asdace rmsre ditile qeknapa deq fekkeq osi raielr ja fjesp de jge, er ejjeq rsolurent de sauver Argos en repoussant les ennemis. Guides par Tlsilla, elles saisissent des armes, se campent sur les crneaux, et forment une ceinture de dfense autour des remparts, la grande stupfaction des ennemis. Clomne est repouss aprs avoir vu succomber un grand nombre des siens ; et Dmarare, jasrpe pmi, osi atair, qejml je pcir de Smcpare, nlrp jsqose dalq jilrpiesp er mccsn je osapriep dir Paknhwjiaose, eqr chaqq nap ejjeq de cerre nmqiriml. La tijje ailqi qaste, jeq fekkeq osi ataielr npi as kijies de jacriml fspelr elqetejies dans la voie Argienne, et celles qui survcurent on accorda le privilge djetep, cmkke kmlskelr de jesp valeur, une statue au dieu Ars. Cette bataille eut lieu le septime jour selon les uns, et selon les autres le premier, du quatrime mois, lequel, chex jeq Apgielq, qannejair asrpefmiq Hepksq. Qsald petielr cer allitepqaipe, ml cjbpe kailrelalr elcmpe jeq Iljspiesqeq. Ceqr sle fre dalq jaosejje ml petr jeq fekkeq de rslioseq er de chjakwdeq dhmkkeq, jeq hmkkeq, as cmlrpaipe, de pplums et de voiles. Pour rparer les vides laisss par la population masculine on maria les femmes non pas des esclaves, comme le prtend Hrodote, mais aux citoyens les plus distingus des villes environnantes. Et encore semblaient-elles avoir leurs nouveaux maris en mdiocre estike er le jeq pecetmip dalq jesp cmsche osatec sle eqnce de ddail, cmkke ralr ilfpiespq ejjeq ; de rejje qmpre os cerre mccaqiml sle jmi asrmpiqa jeq lmstejjeq kapieq qe kerrpe sle barbe au menton quand elles coucheraient avec leurs maris. danpq Victor Btolaud, 1870 (Jai peknjac Mars par Ars. Dans loriginal /Enyalios.) Le Smcpare kelrimll dalq ce naqqage eqr Smcpare dApgmq, cmlls nap deq fpagkelrq dstpe. Leq dipelrq rpadscrespq cits sont partags sur la question de savoir si Tlsilla a consult jmpacje dun dieu ou dune desse (Btolaud est cohrent sur le genre, incohrent sur le nombre) ; kaiq qij eqr tpai ose divinit qeknjmie nmsp jeq desv gelpeq anims, il est ici prcd dsl dterminant, , dicije cmlfmldpe atec je fkilil . Autre divergence, mais sur un point plus important, propos de linterprtation et donc de la traduction de /Hubristika commmorant loccasion o les femmes sont sorties de leur rle naturel . Le nom de la fte indique-t-il le courage dont ont fait preuve les intresses par cette transgression, ou bien marque-t-il le ddain dont elles auraient fait preuve vis--vis de ceux auxquels elles avaient d se substituer parce quils ne remplissaient pas leur rle ? (On peut envisager que lambigut ait t intentionnelle ds le dpart.) Of The Argive Women. Of all the renowned actions performed by women, none was more famous than the ght with Cleomenes in the country of Argos, whom Telesilla the poetess by her iluence defeated. This woman they say was of an honourable family, but had a sickly body; she therefore sent to consult the oracle concerning her health. Answer was made, that she must be a servant to the Muses. Accordingly she becomes obedient to the Goddess, applying herself to poetry and music; her distempers left her, and she became the mirror of women in the art of poetry. Now when Cleomenes, king of the Spartans, having slain many Argives (but not so many as some fabulously reported, to wit, 7,777), marched up against the city, the youthful women were (as it were) divinely inspired with desperate resolution and courage to repulse the enemies out of their native country. They take arms under the conduct of Telesilla, they place themselves upon the battlements, they crown the walls, even to the admiration of the enemy; they by a sally beat off Cleomenes, with the slaughter of many of his men; and as for the other king, Demaratus (as Socrates saith), he having

entered the city and possessed him of the so-called Pamphyliacum, they beat him out. In this manner the city being preserved, those women that were slain in the engagement they buried by the Argive road; to them that escaped they gave the honour of erecting the statue of Ares, in perpetual memorial of rheip bpatepw. Smke qaw rhiq ght was on the seventh day of the month; others saw ir uaq ml rhe rst day of the month, which is now called the fourth and was anciently called Hermaeus by the Argives; upon which day, even to this time, they perform their Hybristica (i.e., their sacred rites of incivility), clothing the women wirh kelq cmarq ald cjmaiq, bsr rhe kel uirh umkelq veils and petticoats. To repair the scarcity of men, they admitted not slaves, as Herodotus saith, but the best sort of the adjacent inhabitants to be citizens, and married them to the widows; and these the women thought meet to reproach and undervalue at bed and board, as worse than themselves; whence there was a law made, that married women should wear beards when they lay with their husbands. As translated by William W. Goodwin, 1878, except that I substituted Ares for Mars. THE WOMEN OF ARGOS1 Of all the deeds performed by women for the community none is more famous than the struggle against Cleomenes for Argos, which the women carried out at the instigation of Telesilla the poetess. She, as they say, was the daughter of a famous house but sickly in body, and so she sent to the god to ask about health; and when an oracle was given her to cultivate the Muses, she followed the gods advice, and by devoting herself to poetry and music she was quickly relieved of her trouble, and was greatly admired by the women for her poetic art. But when Cleomenes king of the Spartans, having slain many Argives (but not by any means seven thousand, seven hundred and seventy-seven,2 as some fabulous narratives have it) proceeded against the city, an impulsive daring, divinely inspired, came to the younger women to rpw, fmp rheip cmslrpws sake, to hold off the enemy. Under the lead of Telesilla they took up arms, 3 and, taking their stand by the battlements, manned the walls all round, so that the enemy were amazed. The result was that Cleomenes they repulsed with great loss, and the other king, Demaratus, who managed to get inside, as Socrates says, 4 and gained possession of the Pamphyliacum, they drove out. In this way the city was saved. The women who fell in the battle they buried close by the Argive Road, and to the survivors they granted the privilege of erecting a statute of Ares as a memorial of their surpassing valour. Some say that the battle took place on the seventh day of the month which is now known as the Fourth Month, but anciently was called Hermaeus among the Argives; others say that it was on the first day of that month, on the allitepqapw mf uhich rhew cejebpare etel rm rhiq daw rhe Feqritaj mf Iknsdelce, ar uhich rhew clothe the women in mens shirts ald cjmaiq, ald rhe kel il umkels robes and veils. To repair the scarcity of men they did not unite the women with slaves, as Herodotus records, 5 but with the best of their neighbouring subjects, whom they made Argive citizens. It was reputed that the women showed disrespect and an intentional indifference to those husbands in their married relations from a feeling that they were underlings. Wherefore the Argives enacted a law, 6 the one which says that married women having a beard must occupy the same bed with their husbands ! 1 Cf. Moralia, 223 b; Herodotus, vi. 76 ff; Pausanias, ii. 20. 8.

2 Six thousand according to Herodotus, vii. 148. Cf. also vi. 77-82. The date is put about 494 B.C. or possibly earlier. 3 4 Found in the temples according to Moralia, 223 b. Mller, Frag. Histor. Graec. iv. p. 497.

5 6

Herodotus, vi. 83, does not say quite this. Cf. Aristotle, Politics, v. 3. 7. Approval by indirection !

Frank Cole Babbitt, 1931 Remarque Je rutilise en partie dans Les Dames galantes as j deq kmrq 019 cette documentation se rapportant un extrait de Plutarque.

III. Une Abdritaine peut en cacher un autre

, , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . A Abdre, Phathuse, la femme de charge de Pythas, avait eu des enfants auparavant ; mais, son kapi qralr elfsi, jeq pgjeq qe qsnnpikpelr neldalr jmlgreknq ; la suite, douleurs et rougeurs aux articulations ; ceja ralr ailqi, je cmpnq npir jannapelce tipije, cerre fekke detilr velue partout, il lui poussa de la barbe, la voix contracta de la rudesse ; et, malgr tout ce que nous pmes faire pour rappeler les rgles, elles ne vinrent pas ; cerre fekke kmspsr as bmsr dsl reknq osi le fsr pas trs-long. Il en arriva autant Nanno, femme de Gorgippe, Thasos ; danpq rmsq jeq kdecilq que je rencontrai, la seule esprance de voir reparatre les attributs de la femme tait dans le retour des rgles ; kaiq chex ejje asqqi, kajgp rmsr ce osml r, ejjeq le nspelr revenir ; cette femme ne tarda pas succomber. Hippocrate, pidmies (), 6e Livre, 8e Section, XXXII Traduction dmile Littr, tome V (1846), p. 357. Femme de charge est anachronique : qui veille sur la maison (matresse de maison ; mnagre).

Posidon accueille Thse ( droite), draij, face A dsl cparpe el cajice arriose gspeq pmsgeq, premire moiti du Ve sicle av. J.-C., el npmtelalce dAgpigelre, attribu au peintre de Syriskos. Dp. des monnaies, mdailles et antiques de la BnF No diltelraipe De Riddep.418 Legs De Luynes Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons

Source (mais le clich tait invers) : http://www.ac-grenoble.fr/lycee/diois/Latin/spip.php?article2024

Posidon accueille Thse.