Petits systèmes de climatisation

Le circuit de réfrigération de base par compression

1: Compression:

Le compresseur aspire le fluide à basse pression et à basse température, l'énergie mécanique de la

compression va permettre une élévation de la pression et de la température. La différence de pression
va permettre au fluide de circuler dans le circuit frigorifique. Ici le fluide est à l'état gazeux.

2:Condensation:

Les gaz chauds haute pression et haute température venant du compresseur se dirigent vers le
condenseur, le condenseur est un échangeur qui va permettre au fluide de se condenser par échange
avec un fluide extérieur (l'eau, l’air.) à température et pression constante, c'est la phase de
condensation, la vapeur se transforme progressivement en liquide.

3: Détente:

Le liquide sous refroidi est vaporisé partiellement par abaissement brusque de la pression au passage de
l 'orifice calibrée du détendeur. Il assure la modulation du débit du fluide dans l'évaporateur.

4: Évaporation:

L'évaporateur est lui aussi un échangeur de chaleur, le fluide liquide provenant du détendeur va entrer
en ébullition ou évaporation dans l'évaporateur en absorbant de la chaleur au fluide extérieur, (l'eau,
l’air.) c'est la phase d'évaporation ( changement d'état liquide /vapeur). Le fluide est ensuite aspiré par
le compresseur pour un nouveau cycle.
Les différents états du fluide frigorifique dans une installation

L - Pression BP entrée du compresseur (État du fluide : Vapeur BP)

2 - Pression HP sortie du compresseur (État du fluide : Vapeur HP)

3 - Entrée du condenseur (État du fluide : Vapeur HP)

Zone de désurchauffe de 3 - 4 (État du fluide : Vapeur HP)

Zone de condensation de 4 - 5 (État du fluide : Passage de l'état vapeur à l'état liquide HP)

6 - Sortie de condenseur (État du fluide : Liquide HP)

7 - Entrée détendeur (État du fluide : Liquide HP)

8 - Sortie détendeur (État du fluide : Liquide BP)

Zone d'évaporation de 8 - 9 (État du fluide : Passage de l'état liquide à l'état vapeur BP)

9 - Sortie évaporateur (État du fluide : Vapeur BP)

Les composantes du circuit frigorifique

Les fluides frigorigènes

Le fonctionnement des climatiseurs et des thermopompes

L’étude des systèmes

Les notions de base sur le fonctionnement de l’installation et de la mise en marche d’un appareil à
circuit frigorifique

La régulation des systèmes frigorifiques

Le Code de réfrigération et la Loi et le règlement sur les appareils sous pression

Refrigeration Cycle – Know All the Stages, Components & Diagrams

In this article, I am going to explain about refrigeration cycle in details like definition of Refrigeration,
What are the 4 cycles of the refrigeration system? What is the principle of refrigeration? What are the
parts of refrigerator? Refrigeration cycle diagram and working. Before starting first understand the term
refrigeration.

What is Refrigeration?

What is Refrigeration Cycle?

Refrigeration Cycle Diagram

What is the Basic Refrigeration Cycle?

Components of Refrigeration Cycle

1. Compressor

2. Condenser

3. Expansion valve

4. Evaporator

Frequently Asked Questions

 What is the refrigeration cycle called?

 What are the 4 cycles to the refrigeration system?
 What Are the Different Types of Refrigeration Systems?
 Which gas is used in refrigerator?

What Is Refrigeration?
Refrigeration means cooling a space, substance or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature
below the ambient one (while the removed heat is rejected at a higher temperature). In other words,
refrigeration is artificial (human-made) cooling.

What Is Refrigeration Cycle?

Refrigeration cycle is a cycle of mechanical system in which transmission of heat flow from one place at
a lower temperature (the source) to another place at a higher temperature (the sink or heat sink) by
continuously circulating, evaporating, and condensing a fixed supply of refrigerant in a closed system.

Refrigeration cycle is a thermodynamic cycle to generate refrigerating effect with the use of evaporator,
compressor, condenser & expansion valve.

Refrigeration cycle name – It is also called heat pump cycle.

Thus, a heat pump is called as a “heater” if the objective is to warm the heat sink (as when warming the
inside of a home on a cold day), or a “refrigerator” or “cooler” if the objective is to cool the heat source
(as in the normal operation of a freezer).

In both cases, the working principles are same. Heat is removed from a cold place to a warm place.
Below given is the refrigeration cycle diagram:

Vapour Compression Cycle

Vapour Compression Refrigeration system is the most widely used refrigeration system.

Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is a process that uses the physics of phase change heat transfer
and the unique properties of a refrigerant to transfer heat from a relatively cold source to a hot
medium.

What Is The Basic Refrigeration Cycle ?

The basic components of any refrigeration system working on the vapour compression cycle are the
compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator and the refrigerant fluid which is alternatively
vaporized and liquefied during the refrigeration cycle.

The temperature at which a fluid boils or condenses is known as the saturation temperature .

Components Of Refrigeration Cycle

The 4 main Components of Refrigeration cycle

1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Expansion valve
4. Evaporator
Refrigeration Cycle Working

Working of vapour compression refrigeration system has been explained step by step including the work
done by each component in the cycle and can be seen in the refrigeration cycle diagram also.

1. Compressor
The compressor in a vapor compression cycle helps in raising the pressure of the vaporizer refrigerant,
causing its saturation temperature to rise, so that it is higher than that of the the sea water or air,
cooling the condenser. The compressor also promotes circulation of refrigerant by pumping it around
the system.

Note :- Refrigerant enters the compressor as low-pressure, low-temperature gas, and leaves the
compressor as a high-pressure, high-temperature gas.

Why compression takes place :- Compression takes place to raise the saturation temperature and
refrigerant pressure.

2. Condenser

In the condenser of the vapour compression system the refrigerant is liquefied by being subcooled to
below the saturation temperature relating to the compressor delivery pressure, by the circulating sea
water or air for domestic refrigerator.

Latent heat, originally from the evaporator, is then transferred to the cooling medium. The liquid
refrigerant, still at the pressure produced by the compressor, passes to the receiver and then to the
expansion valve.

Note :- After condensing, the refrigerant is a high-pressure, low-temperature liquid, at the point it’s
routed to the loop’s expansion device.

What happens in condenser :- Heat is transferred from the refrigerant to a flow of water

3. Expansion Valve

The expansion valve is the regulator through which the refrigerant flow from the high pressure side of
the system to the low pressure side. Its throttling effect dictates the compressor delivery pressure
which must be sufficient to give the refrigerant a saturation temperature which is higher than the
temperature of the cooling medium.

The pressure drop through the regulator causes the saturation temperature of the refrigerant to fall so
that it boils at low temperature of the evaporator. In fact, as the liquid passes through the expansion
valve, the pressure drop makes its saturation temperature fall below its actual temperature.

Some of the liquid boils off at the expansion valve taking latent heat from the remainder and causing
it’s temperature to drop.

The expansion valve throttles the liquid refrigerant and maintains the pressure difference between the
condenser and evaporator, while supplying refrigerant to the evaporator at the correct rate. It is
thermostatically controlled in modern systems.

What happens to refrigerant in Expansion valve :- When the refrigerant enters the throttling valve, it
expands and releases pressure. Consequently, the temperature drops at this stage.

4. Evaporator
The refrigerant entering the evaporator coil at a temperature lower than that of the surrounding.
Secondary coolant (air or brine ) receives latent heat and evaporates. Later the heat is given off in the
condenser, where the refrigerant is again compressed and liquefied.

Note :- Refrigerant enters the evaporator as a low temperature liquid at low pressure, and a fan forces
air across the evaporator’s fins, cooling the air by absorbing the heat from the spaces.

What happens to refrigerant in evaporator :- It evaporates and absorbs latent heat of vaporization.

For a small refrigerator the evaporator cools without forced circulation of secondary coolant. In larger
installation, the evaporator cools air or brine which are circulated as secondary refrigerants.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is The Refrigeration Cycle Called?

Refrigeration cycle is also called heat pump cycle

What Are The 4 Cycles To The Refrigeration System?

The 4 main Components of Refrigeration cycle are :

1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Expansion valve
4. Evaporator

What Are The Different Types Of Refrigeration Systems?

There are four main refrigeration cycle types :

1. Mechanical Compression Refrigeration System

2. Absorption Refrigeration
3. Evaporative Cooling
4. Thermoelectric Refrigeration

Which Gas Is Used In Refrigerator?

Tetrafluoroethane:

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) is one of the commonly used refrigerant gases which you can find
in almost all the present time refrigerators.

we have covered all the required details of Refrigeration cycle ( vapour compression refrigeration
system, vapour compression cycle, heat pump cycles ). This is the most basic refrigeration cycle and is
known by many different names as mentioned. We got refrigeration cycle explained with the help of
refrigeration cycle diagram and learned the thermodynamics of refrigeration.