Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
DÉCENTRALISÉS (DMC)
MSF OCBA
Proximité
Centrés sur la personne
Concepts visual relationship
Operational model
Model of care
Medical strategy
Medical
Intervention
Définition de DMC
• Décentralisation des soins* :
Orientations vers un
établissement de santé
Réorientations
Activités communautaires (AC) vs
Interventions décentralisées (IDs)
AC IDs
plupart des patients souffrant de maladies simples spécifiques seront soignés dans la communau
cès à un niveau de soins plus élevé pour ceux qui ne peuvent pas être soignés dans la communaut
er la priorité à la fonctionnalité du système d’orientation vers un établissement de santé/de réorie
Distances des DMC et ratios de population
5 - 10 Km
5 - 10 Km
• Proches de la population
Decentralized/Community based
Descentralized Activities Community based Activities
Activities (mixed model)
• 100% MSF/MoH staff • Community engagement and • First stage done by MSF 100%
• Activities centralized in a previous cultural assessment (including trainings, provision of
MSF/MoH structure and mandatory medical material, selection of
decentralized to the community • MSF trained and supervised staff CHWs and TBAs, design of a
• Higher skilled staff (nurses, HO, • Not mandatory higher skilled staff referral system, etc)
councellors, psichologists, • Logistics can be provided by MSF in • All the staff included in MSF
doctors, trained CHWs) part activities will be under contract
• Logistics provided 100% by MSF • Recruitment CHWS/TBAs from the MSF (except those CHWs and
• Recruitment CHWs/TBAs from community to intervene TBAs working in the community)
any community (not mandatory • MSF complete 100% compromise
necesarily from the community • Incentive staff or volunteers until the supervision
to intervene) • In case of displacement the • At community level the
• All staff under MSF/MoH CHW/TBA goes with the community will take the lead of
contract community the program with MSF support
• Examples: “One shot”, Mobile • Examples: CHWs run away • This is the model most adjusted
clinics, etc package, treatment and diagnosis to the reality of MSF operations
• Home based activities made by of main killers in the community
MSF • Internal processes completely in
• Previous community charge of the community
engagement not essential • Referral system in charge of MSF or
• Internal porcess completely some other memebers of the
under MSF community
• Referral system in charge of • Focus in local sostenibility
MSF 100%
N° Projet Pays Cellule Statut
1 Bamenda Cameroun UE Livré
2 Aburoch Soudan du Sud 5 Fermé
3 Yambio Soudan du Sud 5 Fermé
4 Alindao RCA 3 (Eureca) Fermé
5 Bocaranga RCA 3 (Eureca) Fermé
6 Kalonge RDC 3 (RUSK) Fermé
7 Itombwe RDC 3 Fermé
8 Mulungu RDC 3 Fermé
9 Buenaventura Colombie 4 Fermé
10 Salva (Caracas) Venezuela 4 Fermé
11 Salamabila RDC 3 Actuellement ouvert
12 Kalehe RDC 3 Actuellement ouvert
13 Malakal Soudan du Sud 5 Actuellement ouvert
14 Ulang Soudan du Sud 5 Actuellement ouvert
15 Kabo RCA 3 Actuellement ouvert
16 Batangafo RCA 3 Actuellement ouvert
17 Ansongo Mali 2 Actuellement ouvert
18 Douenza Mali 2 Actuellement ouvert
19 Kidal Mali 2 Actuellement ouvert
20 Matiacoali Burkina-Fasso UE Actuellement ouvert
21 Kumba Cameroun 3 Actuellement ouvert
22 Mamfe Cameroun 3 Actuellement ouvert
23 Al-Qanawis Yémen 1 Actuellement ouvert
24 Baidoa Somalie 5 Actuellement ouvert
25 Diffa Niger 2 Actuellement ouvert
26 Tillabery Niger 2 Actuellement ouvert
27 Koro Niger 2 Actuellement ouvert
28 Agadez Niger 2 Actuellement ouvert
Actuellement ouvert
29 Cabo Delgado Mozambique EU
(réouverture)
30 Invisible borders Soyapango (San Salvador) El Salvador 4 Actuellement ouvert
31 Institucionalized persons (San Salvador) El Salvador 4 Fermé
32 Pre hospital assistance Soyapango (San Salvador) El Salvador 4 Actuellement ouvert
33 Migrantes (Tenosique, Coatzacoalcos, CAI y N. Laredo) Mexique 4 Actuellement ouvert
34 Guerrero (Clínicas móviles) Mexique 4 Actuellement ouvert
35 Nariño Colombie 4 Réorientation en 2021
Projets MSF OCBA avec
interventions DMC
(DMC 2017-2021 ouverts, débutant bientôt, fermés)
• 23 Actuellement ouverts
• 11 Fermés
• 3 Ouvertures en 2021
(Sans compter les nouveaux points DMC ouverts dans chaque projet)
How to design a DMC strategy
1º Phase: Gathering information
Accesibility
Mapping
Budget
Community
Other actors Population data
(population/people)
Cultural assessment/acceptance
1
(where) 7. Presence of others
•
2
actors Trainings
8. Budget • Supervisions
3 Timing HHRR
• Surveillance
2. Strategie:
• First step to define needs of the community through the assessment tools listed above.
• The next step is to design a proper strategy.
• According to the strategy chosen is necessary select the specific packages according to the needs and resources available.
3. Paquets DMC disponible (activities, protocols and algorithms by package: preventive, curative care)
4. Formation: Components, strategy and tools for training. Languages and methodology. Special cases: illiterate CHws.
5. Logistique/appro: pharma management, NFI, mobility of the team (transpotation means) , stocks, communications
6. HHRR: contracting staff based in the needs, assure service provision, define key roles and capacities development.
7. Finances: incentive strategies, salaries for MSF staff, envelope for MoH, cost sharing, medicine supply and costs.
8. Outils de suivi :
• Reporting. Designing tools for data collection and surveillance activities. Currently piloting HMIS community.
• Supervision: frequency, trainings and materials
5. Responsabilité
DMC Packages
1) Health Promotion activities (included in both preventive and curative activities)
Define strategy and tools based in information from surveillance activities and
community feedback.
2) Surveillance activities (basic community level surveillance: deaths, births, MUAC
under 5 PLWs, movement of people, etc) Can be adapted to the needs (specific
outbreaks, HP or HE activities, needs of new assessments, etc)
3) Preventive packages:
Malaria: mosquito net distribution insecticide treated, spraying, preventive interventions (ex,
SMC)
Nutrition: MUAC surveillance for children U5 years/PLWs, water/sanitation and hygiene
messages, alarm signs, etc
SRH: FP, ANC, etc
Vaccination: 1 or multi antigen: PEV vaccines, Hib vaccine, tetanus toxoid, measles vaccine,
PCV13
General preventive activities: deworming, vit A, fefol, etc
Watsan activities: water treatment by CHWs
Neonatal: 3 days control postnatal, weight, temperature control, chlorohexidine x umbilical
cord, tetracycline and vitamins.
DMC Packages
4)Curative packages
Malaria: diagnosis of simple and treatment/ complicated and basic treatment plus prereferrals treatment.
RDTs and anti-malarial drugs (ACTs)
Diarrhea: diagnosis simple and treatment (ORS and zinc) and complicated (dehydration) diagnosis and
referrals.
RTIs: diagnosis and referrals. ATB treatment under discussion in the Medical Department
Nutrition: diag. MAM/SAM and referrals, complementary feeding/RUTF. One shot Nut
SRH: PNC, referrals deliveries, identification of complications and referrals.
SV: Guide document SV community approach
Mental health: PFA, psychoeducation, referrals severe cases.
Neonatal care: community approach of new born care, new born post-natal control, new born
resuscitation, kangaroo care recommendations.
NCDs: Hypertension, DBT, Chronic health failure, mild severity of any chronic pathology, HBC activities
(home based care) Standard operating procedures for CHWs and follow up of chronic NCDs patients in remote
care management in hard to reach areas
Cholera: interventions in the community with CHWs. Health promotion, health education, community
engagement, water chlorination, provision of ORS at cholera points, etc.