METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

(MOI)
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

OBJECTIVES
• To understand what is method of instruction
is all about
• To familiarize the methods of instruction
• To identify the factors to be considered in
choosing the appropriate method to be use in
a training
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
• Definition of Method of Instruction
• Categories of Method of Instruction
• Methods of Instruction
• Factors that affect the choice of most
appropriate Method of Instruction
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

REFERENCES

Electronic Sources
- wikipedia.com
- itc.utk.edu
- tlcsem.com
- oct.sfsu.edu
- unesco.org
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

DEFINITION
 Instructional methods are ways that information is
presented to students.

 Instructional methods are primarily descriptions of the

learning objective oriented activities and flow of
information between teachers and students.
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

CATEGORIES
 Teacher-centered approaches
- include instruction where the teacher's role is to
present the information that is to be learned and to
direct the learning process of students

 Student- centered approaches

- involve instruction where the teacher is a facilitator
(or guide) as the learners construct their own
understandings.
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

TEACHER CENTERED APPROACH

 Demonstration
- is one where the student observes the portrayal of a
procedure, technique, or operation. It shows how to do
something or how something works.
- ex. Weapons, GPS, Cooking, computer procedures

 Direct Instruction
- is to provide information within a structure that enables
all student to attain the stated objectives at a level of
mastery.
- it helps the student learn concepts and skills
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

TEACHER CENTERED APPROACH

 Lecture
- in this method the lecturer become the sole
disseminator of information.

 Lecture-Discussion
- is a combination of lecture and teacher questioning
of student
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Brainstorming
- is a group creativity technique designed to generate a
large number of ideas for the solution of a problem
- ex. Team building

 Practical Exercise
- it is a method of training in which the student actively
participates, either individually or as a team member. He or
she does this by applying previously learned knowledge or
skills.
- ex. Marksmanship, map reading, explosives, FTX, IAD, CTIS
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Case Study
- involve groups of student working together to analyze a case
that has been written on a particular situation or problem to find
a solution.
- ex. MOI, BRA, Thesis, Term Paper, etc

 Cooperative Learning
- is a strategy in which small teams, each with students of different
levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their
understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible
not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates
learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement.
- ex. Strategic Planning
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Discussion
- an extended communication (often interactive) dealing
with some particular topic
- is communication between multiple people.
- ex. Debate, Open Forum

 Discovery Learning
- is an inquiry-based learning method in which learners use
prior knowledge and experience to discover new
information that they use to construct learning.
- ex. research works, field trips
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Graphic Organizers
- are found in the form of diagrams, maps and webs and
illustrate information in a graphical format.
- These graphical representations of information have been
found to make information easier to learn and understand,
especially complex information.
- ex. Map reading, illustrations
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Journals/Blogs
- are often used in classrooms to allow students to record
reflections and ideas. Typically written in a notebook and
recorded each day, the journal serves as a method of
communication between the student and the teacher.
- ex. Handouts
 Role-Play
- deals with solving problems through action. A problem is
identified, acted out and discussed. This process provides
students with an opportunity to explore their feelings, gain
insight about their attitudes, and increase problem solving skills.
- ex. First Aid, IAD, field training exercises (FTX), HYDRA
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 K-W-L (Know-What to know-Learned)
- K-W-L is a strategy that is typically used to provide structure
to the learning process to allow students to recall what they
know about a topic, what they want to know about the topic and
what is to be learned.

 Learning Centers
- are self contained areas where students work independently
or with small groups (pairs or triads) to complete a task. It
includes group discussion, display boards that present
questions /problems /worksheets, or computer/computers
where students perform hands-on activities or research on the
web.
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Problem-Based Learning & Inquiry

- involves teacher giving the student a problem where
inquiry must be utilized to solve the problem.
- 4 steps in this model: 1) student receives the
problem, 2) student gathers data, 3) student organizes
data and attempts an explanation to the problem, and
4) students analyze the strategies they used to solve
the problem.
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Simulations
- are used to put the student in a "real" situation
without taking the risks. Are meant to be as realistic as
possible where students are able to experience
consequences of their behavior and decisions.
- ex. Firing, Grenades

 Storytelling
- is the conveying of events in words, images and
sounds often by improvisation or embellishment.
- ex. AFP History
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

LEARNER CENTERED APPROACH

 Scaffolding
- involves the teacher modeling the skill and thinking for
the student. As the student increases understanding, the
teacher withdraws the assistance allowing the student to
take on more responsibility for the learning.

 Values Clarification
- is a technique for encouraging students to relate their
thoughts and their feelings and thus enrich their
awareness of their own values.
- ex. Values formation
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CHOICE

OF APPROPRIATE METHOD OF
INSTRUCTION
Type of Instructional
Factor Variable
Strategy
large mass, individualized
Number of students
small individualized, group
homogeneous mass, group, individualized
Type of student
heterogeneous individualized, group
skill-based group, individualized
process mass, group, individualized
Type of content
attitudinal group
knowledge mass, group, individualized
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CHOOISE

OF MOST APPROPRIATE METHOD OF
INSTRUCTION
Type of Instructional
Factor Variable
Strategy
long mass, group, individualized
Time to develop
short mass, group
many mass, group, individualized
Repeats of course
few mass, group
many group, individualized
Number of staff
few mass, group
Attitude of staff positive group, individualized
towards innovation negative mass
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CHOICE

OF APPROPRIATE METHOD OF
INSTRUCTION
Factor Variable Type of Instructional Strategy
Support staff many mass, group, individualized
available few mass, group
Educational traditional mass, group
environment non-traditional group, individualized
Design of learning fixed mass
environment changeable mass, group, individualized
large mass, group, individualized
Funds available
little mass, group
Administrative rigid mass
environment flexible mass, group, individualized
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

SUMMARY
 Definition of MOI
 Categories of MOI
 Factors that affect the choice of appropriate method of
instruction
 Methods of Instruction
o demonstration
o direct
o Instruction
o lecture
o lecture-discussions
o case studies
o cooperative learning
o discussion
 METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

SUMMARY
o graphic organizers
o discovery learning
o journals
o Know - What to Know – Learned
o learning centers
o role-play
o scaffolding
o Problem-Based Learning & Inquiry
o simulations
o storytelling
Thank you
and
Good day!!!