Concours commun d’accès aux filières

d’ingénieurs de l’ENSET Mohammedia

Session de Juillet 2013

𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟏 ∶ 𝑺𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒍

𝑂𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑢𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟é𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒 𝑛
𝑢𝑛+1 = −3𝑢𝑛 + 𝑣𝑛 + 3𝑤𝑛
{ 𝑣𝑛+1 = −4𝑢𝑛 + 𝑣𝑛 + 4𝑤𝑛
𝑤𝑛+1 = −2𝑢𝑛 + 𝑣𝑛 + 2𝑤𝑛
𝑢𝑛 𝑢0
𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑌𝑛 = ( 𝑣𝑛 ) 𝑒𝑡 𝑌0 = ( 𝑣0 )
𝑤𝑛 𝑤0
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑙’𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑙 𝑀3,1 (ℝ)𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑟é𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 à 3 𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒.
𝑄1). 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟é𝑒 𝐵 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑌𝑛+1 = 𝐵𝑌𝑛
𝑢𝑛+1 = −3𝑢𝑛 + 𝑣𝑛 + 3𝑤𝑛 𝑢𝑛+1 −3 1 3 𝑢𝑛
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 { 𝑣𝑛+1 = −4𝑢𝑛 + 𝑣𝑛 + 4𝑤𝑛 ⟺ ( 𝑣𝑛+1 ) = (−4 1 4) ( 𝑣𝑛 )
𝑤𝑛+1 = −2𝑢𝑛 + 𝑣𝑛 + 2𝑤𝑛 𝑤𝑛+1 −2 1 2 𝑤𝑛
−3 1 3
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐵 = (−4 1 4)
−2 1 2
𝑄2). 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑌𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐵, 𝑛 𝑒𝑡 𝑌0
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑌𝑛+1 = 𝐵𝑌𝑛
𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑛 − 1 ⟹ 𝑌𝑛 = 𝐵𝑌𝑛−1
𝑛 = 𝑛 − 2 ⟹ 𝑌𝑛−1 = 𝐵𝑌𝑛−2
𝑛 = 𝑛 − 3 ⟹ 𝑌𝑛−2 = 𝐵𝑌𝑛−3
. ⟹ .
𝑛=0 ⟹ 𝑌1 = 𝐵𝑌0 ⟹ 𝑌𝑛 = 𝐵𝑛 𝑌0

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 1
𝑄3)𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑉1 = (2) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
0
𝐵 . 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝜆1 , 𝑞𝑢𝑖 𝑙𝑢𝑖 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖ée .
𝑉1 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑠𝑖 𝐵𝑉1 = 𝜆1 𝑉1 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝜆1 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑒
−3 1 3 1 1
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐵𝑉1 = 𝜆1 𝑉1 ⟺ (−4 1 4) (2) = 𝜆1 (2)
−2 1 2 0 0
−3 + 2 = 𝜆1
⟹ {−4 + 2 = 2𝜆1 ⟹ 𝜆1 = −1 𝑑′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑉1 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒
−2 + 2 = 0𝜆1

𝑞𝑢𝑖 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é𝑒 à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝜆1 = −1

𝑄4). 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡é𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝐵 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐵
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝐵 (𝜆) = 𝑑𝑒 𝑡(𝐵 − 𝜆𝐼)
−3 − 𝜆 1 3
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑃𝐵 (𝜆) = | −4 1−𝜆 4 |
−2 1 2−𝜆
𝐿1 ⟵𝐿1 −𝐿3
−1 − 𝜆 0 𝜆+1
𝑃𝐵 (𝜆) = |−2 − 2𝜆 0 2 + 3𝜆 − 𝜆2 |
−2 1 2−𝜆 𝐿2 ⟵𝐿2 −(1−𝜆)𝐿3

−1 − 𝜆 1+𝜆
𝑃𝐵 (𝜆) = − | |
−2(1 + 𝜆) 2 + 3𝜆 − 𝜆2
= (𝜆 + 1)(2 + 3𝜆 − 𝜆2 ) − 2(𝜆 + 1)2
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝐵 (𝜆) = 𝜆(1 + 𝜆)(1 − 𝜆)
𝑄5). 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑠
{ 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆3 } à 𝑑é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟, 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝜆1 < 𝜆2 < 𝜆3
𝜆 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 ⟺ 𝑃𝐵 (𝜆) = 0
⟹ 𝜆(1 + 𝜆)(1 − 𝜆) = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝜆 = −1 𝑜𝑢 𝜆 = 0 𝑜𝑢 𝜆 = 1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐵 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝜆1 = −1 , 𝜆2 = 0 𝑒𝑡 𝜆3 = 1

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𝑄6). 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é𝑒 à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟
1
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝜆2 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝑉2 = (𝛼2 )
𝛽2
𝑉2 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑠𝑖 𝐵𝑉2 = 𝜆2 𝑉2 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝜆2 = 0
−3 1 3 1 1
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐵𝑉2 = 𝜆2 𝑉2 ⟺ (−4 1 4 ) ( 𝛼 2 ) = 𝜆 2 (𝛼 2 )
−2 1 2 𝛽2 𝛽2
−3 + 𝛼2 + 3𝛽2 = 0
𝛼 =0
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 {−4 + 𝛼2 + 4𝛽2 = 0 ⟹ { 2
′
𝛽2 = 1
−2 + 𝛼2 + 2𝛽2 = 0
1
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑉2 = (0)
1
𝑄7). 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖é𝑒 à 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟
1
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝜆3 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝑉3 = (𝛼3 )
𝛽3
𝑉3 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑠𝑖 𝐵𝑉3 = 𝜆3 𝑉3 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝜆3 = 1
−3 1 3 1 1
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐵𝑉3 = 𝜆3 𝑉3 ⟺ (−4 1 4 ) ( 𝛼 3 ) = 𝜆 2 (𝛼 3 )
−2 1 2 𝛽3 𝛽3
−3 + 𝛼3 + 3𝛽3 = 1
𝛼 =1
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 {−4 + 𝛼3 + 4𝛽3 = 𝛼3 ⟹ { 3
′
𝛽3 = 1
−2 + 𝛼3 + 2𝛽3 = 𝛽3
1
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑉3 = (1)
1
−1 0 0
𝑄8). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝐷 = ( 0 0 0) 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
0 0 1

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𝑃 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑂𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃−1 𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑃−1
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝔅 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒ℝ3
𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝔅′ = {𝑉1 , 𝑉2 , 𝑉3 }
1 1 1
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑃 = (2 0 1)
0 1 1
𝑄9). 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐵𝑛 à 𝑙’𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑃, 𝐷,
𝑃−1 𝑒𝑡 𝑛 , 𝐸𝑛 𝑑é𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑙 𝑘
𝐵2𝑘+1 = 𝐵 𝑒𝑡 𝐵2𝑘 = 𝐵2 . 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐵2
𝑛
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐵 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃−1 𝐷′ 𝑜𝑢 𝐵 = 𝐵. 𝐵. 𝐵. . 𝐵 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃−1 . 𝑃𝐷𝑃−1 … . 𝑃𝐷𝑃−1
𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑃−1 = 𝐼3 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝐵𝑛 = 𝑃𝐷𝑛 𝑃−1
(−1)𝑛 0 0
⟹ 𝐵𝑛 = 𝑃 ( 0 0 0) 𝑃−1
0 0 1
−1 0 0
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐵2𝑘+1 = 𝑃 ( 0 0 0) 𝑃−1 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃−1 = 𝐵
0 0 1
1 0 0
2𝑘
𝑒𝑡 𝐵 = 𝑃( 0 0 0) 𝑃−1 = 𝑃𝐵2 𝑃−1 = 𝐵2
0 0 1
−3 1
3 −3 1 3 −1 1 1
2
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐵 = 𝐵. 𝐵 = (−4 4) (−4 1 4) = ( 0 1 0)
1
−2 1
2 −2 1 2 −2 1 2
2
𝑄10). 𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑌0 = (1) . 𝐷é𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑖 𝑝𝑟é𝑐è𝑑𝑒
2
𝑙’𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡 (𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑌𝑛 = 𝐵𝑛 𝑌0 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑌2𝑘+1 = 𝐵2𝑘+1 𝑌0 = 𝐵𝑌0
𝑢2𝑘+1 −3 1 3 2 𝑢2𝑘+1 = 1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑣
( 2𝑘+1 ) = (−4 1 4) (1) ⟹ { 𝑣2𝑘+1 = 1 𝑘 ∈ ℕ
𝑤2𝑘+1 −2 1 2 2 𝑤2𝑘+1 = 1

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𝑒𝑡 𝑌2𝑘 = 𝐵2𝑘 𝑌0 = 𝐵2 𝑌0
𝑢2𝑘 −1 1 1 2 𝑢2𝑘 = 1
𝐷 𝑜𝑢 ( 𝑣2𝑘 ) = ( 0 1
′
0) (1) ⟹ { 𝑣2𝑘 = 1 𝑘 ∈ ℕ
𝑤2𝑘 −2 1 2 2 𝑤2𝑘 = 1
𝑢𝑛 = 1
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 { 𝑣𝑛 = 1 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
𝑤𝑛 = 1
𝑄11). 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠, 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡(𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ
𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 à 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑’𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔 à 𝑝𝑟é𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟.
𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡(𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ
𝑢𝑛 = 1
′
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑝𝑟è𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑄10 { 𝑣𝑛 = 1 𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡(𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ
𝑤𝑛 = 1

𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 à𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑 ′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔 0

𝑒𝑡 lim 𝑢𝑛 = lim 𝑣𝑛 = lim 𝑤𝑛 = 1
𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞

1
𝑄12). 𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑐𝑖 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑌0 = (2) . 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒
0
𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡é 𝑑𝑒 𝑛 𝑙’𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡(𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ
𝑃𝑟é𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛’𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑌𝑛 = 𝐵𝑛 𝑌0
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑆𝑖 𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑛 = 2𝑘 + 1 𝑌2𝑘+1 = 𝐵2𝑘+1 𝑌0 = 𝐵𝑌0 𝑘∈ℕ
𝑢2𝑘+1 −3 1 3 1 𝑢2𝑘+1 = −1
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 ( 𝑣2𝑘+1 ) = (−4 1
′
4) (2) ⟹ { 𝑣2𝑘+1 = −2 𝑘 ∈ ℕ
𝑤2𝑘+1 −2 1 2 0 𝑤2𝑘+1 = 0
𝑆𝑖 𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑛 = 2𝑘 𝑌2𝑘 = 𝐵2𝑘 𝑌0 = 𝐵2 𝑌0 𝑘∈ℕ
𝑢2𝑘 −1 1 1 1 𝑢2𝑘 = 1
′
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 ( 𝑣2𝑘 ) = ( 0 1 0) (2) ⟹ { 𝑣2𝑘 = 2 𝑘 ∈ ℕ
𝑤2𝑘 −2 1 2 0 𝑤2𝑘 = 0

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 5

𝑂𝑛𝑎 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , 𝑒𝑡 (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑠 − 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , 𝑒𝑡 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ ,
𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒. 𝑒𝑡 (𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑤𝑛 = 0
𝑛→+∞

𝑄13). 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛é𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟

𝑢0 , 𝑣0 𝑒𝑡 𝑤0 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡(𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 ?
𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑢𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ , (𝑣𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑒𝑡(𝑤𝑛 )𝑛∈ℕ 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑢2𝑘 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑢2𝑘+1 , 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑣2𝑘 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑣2𝑘+1
𝑘→+∞ 𝑘→+∞ 𝑘→+∞ 𝑘→+∞

𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑤2𝑘 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑤2𝑘+1

𝑘→+∞ 𝑘→+∞

𝑢2𝑘+1 −3 1 3 𝑢0 𝑢2𝑘+1 = −3𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 3𝑤0

𝑂𝑛 𝑎 ( 𝑣2𝑘+1 ) = (−4 1 4) ( 𝑣0 ) ⟹ { 𝑣2𝑘+1 = −4𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 4𝑤0
𝑤2𝑘+1 −2 1 2 𝑤0 𝑤2𝑘+1 = −2𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 2𝑤0
𝑢2𝑘 −1 1 1 𝑢0 𝑢2𝑘 = −𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 𝑤0
𝑒𝑡 ( 𝑣2𝑘 ) = ( 0 1 0) ( 𝑣0 ) ⟹ { 𝑣2𝑘 = 𝑣0
𝑤2𝑘 −2 1 2 𝑤 0 𝑤2𝑘 = −2𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 2𝑤0
𝑢2𝑘+1 = 𝑢2𝑘 −3𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 3𝑤0 = −𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 𝑤0
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 { 𝑣2𝑘+1 = 𝑣2𝑘 ⟹ { −4𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 4𝑤0 = 𝑣0 ⟹ 𝑢0 = 𝑤0
𝑤2𝑘+1 = 𝑤2𝑘 −2𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 2𝑤0 = −2𝑢0 + 𝑣0 + 2𝑤0

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢0 = 𝑤0 ∀ 𝑣0

𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟐 ∶ 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒚𝒏ô𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑄14). 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑑é𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 (𝑥 − 4)2 + 5 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑢𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒
𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∶
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 (𝑥 − 4)2 + 5 > 0
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛é𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑓 ∆ < 0

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 6

𝑄15). 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟é 3 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
0, 1 𝑒𝑡 2 ?
𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡é ( 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑜̂𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑠 ′ 𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝛼𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2))
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑺𝒐𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷 𝒆𝒕 𝑸 𝒅𝒆𝒖𝒙 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒚𝒏ô𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 ℝ[𝑿] 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓é 𝟐
𝑄16). 𝐿𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑄 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟é
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑔( 𝑃𝑜𝑄 ) = 𝑑𝑒 𝑔(𝑃) × 𝑑𝑒 𝑔(𝑄 )
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑃𝑜𝑄 ) = 2 × 2 = 4 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑄17). 𝐿𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 𝑃𝑄 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟é
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑃𝑄 ) = 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑃) + 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑄)
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑃𝑄 ) = 2 + 2 = 4 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑄18). 𝐿𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 𝑃 − 𝑄 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟é
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑃 + 𝑄 ) ≤ 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑃) , 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑄 ))
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑄19). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃 𝑒𝑡 𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ℝ[𝑋].
𝑆𝑖 𝑃(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 5)2 𝑄(𝑥 ), 𝑄 (−5) = 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑄 ′ (−5) = 0
𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 − 5 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑃 𝑑’𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑒

𝑅𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑙

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑃( 𝛼 ) = 0 ⇐⇒ 𝑋 − 𝛼 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑃
(𝑖𝑖)𝐼𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑄 ∈ 𝐾[𝑋]𝑡𝑒𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃 = (𝑋 − 𝛼)𝑘 𝑄, 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑄( 𝛼 ) ≠ 0.
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑃( 𝛼 ) = 𝑃 ’ ( 𝛼 ) = 𝑃’’( 𝛼 ) ···= 𝑃(𝑘 − 1) ( 𝛼 ) = 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑃(𝑘) )( 𝛼 ) ≠ 0
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑄 (−5) = 𝑄 ′ (−5) = 0 ⟹ 𝑄 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 5)2 𝑇(𝑥 )

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𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑇(𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ[𝑋]
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑃(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 5)4 𝑇(𝑥 )
𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 (−5 ) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑃 𝑑′ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝é𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑢𝑟 à 4
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
𝑄20). 𝐿𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑋 𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟 (𝑥 − 1)3
(𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛 ≥ 3) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒 ∶
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐
𝑋 𝑛 = (𝑥 − 1)3 𝑄(𝑥 ) + 𝑅 (𝑥 ) 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑅 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑏(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐

⟹ 𝑋 𝑛 = (𝑥 − 1)3 𝑄(𝑥 ) + 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑏(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐 1

𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 (𝑋 𝑛 )′ = ((𝑥 − 1)3 𝑄(𝑥 ))′ + 𝑅′(𝑥 )

⟹ 𝑛𝑋 𝑛−1 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 𝑄(𝑥 ) + (𝑥 − 1)3 𝑄 ′(𝑥) + 2𝑎(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑏 2

⟹ 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑋 𝑛−2 = 6(𝑥 − 1). 𝑄(𝑥 ) + 6(𝑥 − 1)2 𝑄 ′(𝑥)

3
+(𝑥 − 1)3 𝑄 ′′(𝑥) + 2𝑎
𝑑′ 𝑎𝑝𝑟è𝑠 1 ,2 𝑒𝑡3 𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑛(𝑛 − 1)
1=𝑐 𝑎=
{ 𝑛=𝑏 ⟹{ 2
𝑛(𝑛 − 1) = 2𝑎 𝑏=𝑛
𝑐=1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑛(𝑛 − 1)
𝑅 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑛(𝑥 − 1) + 1
2
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴
𝑄21). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃 𝑒𝑡 𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛ô𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ℝ[𝑋], 𝛼 ∈ ℝ, 𝑘 ∈ ℕ∗

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 8

𝑡𝑞 𝑄 (𝛼 ) ≠ 0, deg(𝑃) = 𝑛 , deg(𝑄 ) = 𝑚 𝑒𝑡 𝑛 < 𝑘 + 𝑚
𝑝
𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝐹 = . 𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑟é𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑑é𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐹
(𝑥 − 𝛼 )𝑘 𝑄
𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒 ∶
𝑝
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐹 = 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑢𝑡 𝑑é𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒
(𝑥 − 𝛼 )𝑘 𝑄
𝑘 𝑏𝑖 𝑅
𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 𝐸 (𝑥 ) + ∑ 𝑖
+
𝑖=1 (𝑥 − 𝛼) 𝑄
𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑛 < 𝑘 + 𝑚 ⟹ 𝐸 (𝑥 ) = 0 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐
𝑘 𝑏𝑖 𝑅
𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 𝐸 (𝑥 ) + ∑ 𝑖
+ ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑖=1 (𝑥 − 𝛼) 𝑄
𝑃
𝑄22). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐹 =
(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑘 𝑄

𝑘 𝑎𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑅
𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐹 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐹 = ∑ 2 𝑘
+
𝑖=1 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ) 𝑄
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑄23). 𝐿𝑎 𝑑é𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛 é𝑙é𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℂ[𝑥]
𝑥2
𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝐹 (𝑥 ) =
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 𝐸 (𝑥 ) + + +
𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥−3
𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 deg(𝑥 2 ) < 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) ⟹ 𝐸 (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑥2 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 = + +
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) 𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥−3
1 9
𝑎|𝑥=1 = 𝑒𝑡 𝑏|𝑥=2 = −4 𝑒𝑡 𝑐|𝑥=3 =
2 2

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 9

 1 4 9
𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = − + ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
2(𝑥−1) 𝑥−2 2(𝑥−3)

𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟑 ∶ 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇é𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑑’𝑖𝑛𝑡é𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑟 𝑙’𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ]0, +∞[ 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓é𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 ∶

′(
𝑦(𝑥 )
(𝑬) ∶ 𝑦 𝑥) − − 𝑦(𝑥 )2 = −9𝑥 2
𝑥
𝑄24). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝛼 ∈]0; +∞[ 𝑡𝑞 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝛼𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑖è𝑟𝑒 𝑦0 𝑑𝑒 𝐸 . 𝐿𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 ∶
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝛼𝑥 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝛼
𝛼𝑥
(𝐸 ) ⟺ 𝛼− − (𝛼𝑥 )2 = −9𝑥 2 ⟺ 𝛼 = 3 𝑜𝑢 𝛼 = −3
𝑥
𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝛼 ∈]0; +∞[ 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝛼=3 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑄25). 𝑂𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑒 ∶
1
𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝑦0 (𝑥 ) − . 𝐶𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒
𝑧(𝑥 )
𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐸 )𝑒𝑛 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓é𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 (𝐸)1 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒:
1 ′(
𝑧 ′ (𝑥 )
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝑦0 (𝑥 ) − ⟹ 𝑦 𝑥) = 3 + 2
𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑧 (𝑥 )
𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) 1 1 2
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 (𝐸1 ) ⟺ 3 + 2 − (3 − ) − (3𝑥 − ) = −9𝑥 2
𝑧 (𝑥 ) 𝑥𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑧(𝑥 )
𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) 1 2
6𝑥 1 2
⟹ 2 + − 9𝑥 + −( ) = −9𝑥 2
𝑧 (𝑥 ) 𝑥𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑧(𝑥 )
𝑧 ′ (𝑥 )
2 1 6𝑥 1 2
⟹ 𝑥(𝑧(𝑥 )) ( 2 + + −( ) )=0
𝑧 (𝑥 ) 𝑥𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑧(𝑥 )
⟹ 𝑥𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) + 𝑧(𝑥 ) + 6𝑥 2 𝑧(𝑥 ) − 𝑥 = 0

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 10

 1
⟹ 𝑥 [ 𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) + ( + 6𝑥) 𝑧(𝑥 ) − 1] = 0
𝑥
1
⟺ (𝐸1 ) 𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) + ( + 6𝑥) 𝑧(𝑥 ) = 1
𝑥
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝑄26). 𝐿𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐸1 )𝑠𝑢𝑟 ]0; +∞[ 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠:
1 − 𝑅é𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔è𝑛𝑒 (𝐸0 )
1
𝑡𝑞 (𝐸0 ) ∶ 𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) + ( + 6𝑥) 𝑧(𝑥 ) = 0
𝑥
1 1
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) + ( + 6𝑥) 𝑧(𝑥 ) = 0 ⟺ 𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) = − ( + 6𝑥) 𝑧(𝑥 )
𝑥 𝑥
𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) 1
⟺ = − − 6𝑥 ⟹ 𝑙𝑛′ (|𝑧(𝑥 )|) = −𝑙𝑛′ (|𝑥 |) − (3𝑥 2 )′
𝑧(𝑥 ) 𝑥
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑙𝑛|𝑧(𝑥 )| = −𝑙𝑛. (|𝑥 |) − 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑡𝑒
2
𝑑′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑧(𝑥 ) = 𝛼𝑒 − ln(𝑥)−3𝑥 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝛼 = ∓𝑒 𝐶𝑡𝑒
2 − 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑒 𝑑’𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑖è𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚é𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑒
𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝛼 = 𝛼(𝑥)
2
𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑧(𝑥 ) = 𝛼(𝑥 )𝑒 − ln(𝑥)−3𝑥
2 1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑧 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝛼 ′ (𝑥 )𝑒 − ln(𝑥)−3𝑥 − ( + 6𝑥) 𝑧(𝑥 ) =
𝑥
2
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 (𝐸1 ) ⟺ 𝛼 ′ (𝑥 )𝑒 − ln(𝑥)−3𝑥 = 1
2
ln(𝑥)+3𝑥 2 3𝑥 2
𝑒 3𝑥
⟹ 𝛼 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 = 𝑥𝑒 ⟹ 𝛼 (𝑥 ) =
6
2 1
𝑑′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑖è𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑧𝑝 (𝑥 ) = 𝛼 (𝑥 )𝑒 − ln(𝑥)−3𝑥 =
6𝑥
3 − 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔é𝑛é𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐸1 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑧𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑧(𝑥 ) + 𝑧𝑝 (𝑥 )

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 11

 2
1 − ln(𝑥)−3𝑥 2 1 + 6𝛼𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑧𝑔 (𝑥 ) = + 𝛼𝑒 =
6𝑥 6𝑥
−3𝑥2
1 + 𝛼 ′𝑒
𝑧𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝛼 ′ = 6𝛼 ∈ ℝ
6𝑥
2
− ln(𝑥)−3𝑥 2
1
ln(𝑥 )−3𝑥 2 𝛼𝑒 −3𝑥
(𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝑒 = 𝑒 = )
𝑥
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝑄27). 𝐿𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐸) 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 ∶
2
′𝑒 −3𝑥
1 1+𝛼
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 𝑦0 (𝑥 ) − 𝑒𝑡 𝑧(𝑥 ) =
𝑧(𝑥 ) 6𝑥
6𝑥
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑦(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − −3𝑥2
1 + 𝛼 ′𝑒
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟒 ∶ 𝑭𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 à 𝒑𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑄28). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: ℝ2 → ℝ 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶
𝑥𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) =
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑆𝑖(𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)𝑒𝑡 𝑓(0,0) = 0 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑎𝑢 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0,0)𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à

𝑄29). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡, 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 𝐶 1 𝑒𝑡

2
𝑔(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑔(0)
𝐺: ℝ (0 , 0) → ℝ 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝐺 (𝑥 , 𝑦) =
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
𝐿𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐺 𝑎𝑢 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (0 , 0) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à
𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (𝑥 , 𝑦) → (0 , 0) ⟹ 𝑧 → 0
𝑔(𝑧) − 𝑔(0)
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 lim 𝐺 (𝑥, 𝑦) = lim = 𝑔′ (0)
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑧→0 𝑧

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 12

 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑺𝒐𝒊𝒕 𝒇 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅é𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓 ∶

𝟐
𝒚𝟐
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚 + − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚
𝟐
𝑄30). 𝐿𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∶
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 𝑒𝑡 =𝑥+𝑦−3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑓
=0
𝜕𝑥 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 ⟺ 𝜕𝑓 ⟺{
𝑥+𝑦 =3
=0
{𝜕𝑦
𝑥=1
⟹{ 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑀(1,2) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑦=2
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝑄31). 𝑆𝑖 𝑀 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 ∶
𝜕2𝑓 𝜕2𝑓
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 (1,2) = 2 𝑒𝑡 ( 1,2) = 1
𝜕2𝑥 𝜕2𝑦
𝜕2𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝜕2𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
𝑒𝑡 = ( ) ( 1 , 2 ) = 1 𝑒𝑡 = ( )( 1 ,2 ) = 1
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

2 1 𝜕2𝑓
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝐻 = | |=1>0 𝑒𝑡 2 > 0
1 1 𝜕 𝑥
𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑛 𝑀 ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐵
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟓 ∶ 𝑺𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒕 𝒔é𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝑒𝑛
𝑄32). 𝐿𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 + ∞𝑒𝑠𝑡:
𝑛2

𝑒𝑥
𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑛 = +∞ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 13

 𝑒𝑛
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = +∞ ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑛2
𝑛
𝑄33). 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑é𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒: 𝑆𝑛 = ∑ 𝑥𝑘 + 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
𝑘=0

𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 ∶
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑘 𝑘
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑆𝑛 = ∑ 𝑥 +𝑥 =∑ 𝑥 +∑ 𝑥
𝑘=0 𝑘=0 𝑘=0

𝑛
∑ 𝑥 𝑘 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑔é𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑚 𝑥
𝑘=0
𝑛
𝑘
1 − 𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 ∑ 𝑥 =
𝑘=0 1−𝑥
𝑛 𝑛
𝑒𝑡 ∑ 𝑥 = 𝑥∑ 1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑥
𝑘=0 𝑘=0

1 − 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑛
𝑘
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑛 = ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑥 = + (𝑛 + 1)𝑥
𝑘=0 1 − 𝑥
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷
∞
1
𝑄34). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 . ∑ 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒 𝑠é𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑘(𝑘 + 2)
𝑛=1

𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à ∶

∞ 𝑝
1 1
∑ = lim ∑
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑝→+∞
.
𝑘(𝑘 + 2)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1

2 1 1
𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 = −
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑘 𝑘+2
∞ 𝑝 𝑝
2 2 1 1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 ∑ = lim ∑ = lim ∑ −
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑝→+∞
.
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑝→+∞
.
𝑘 𝑘+2
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 14

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= (1 − ) + ( − ) + ( − )+ ( − )
3 2 4 3 5 4 6
1 1 1 1 1 1
+( − ) +∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ + ( − ) +( − )
5 7 𝑝−1 𝑝+1 𝑝 𝑝+2
𝑝
2 1 1 1
∑ = 1+ − −
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 2 𝑝+1 𝑝+2
𝑘=1
+∞ 𝑝
2 2 3 1 1 3
∑ = lim ∑ = lim − − =
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑝→+∞ 𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑝→+∞ 2 𝑝+1 𝑝+2 2
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
+∞ 𝑝
1 1 3
∑ = lim ∑ =
𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 𝑝→+∞ 𝑘(𝑘 + 2) 4
𝑘=1 𝑘=1

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴
𝑄35). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 (𝑓𝑛 )𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑’𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑é𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶
𝑓𝑛 : [0 , 1 ] → ℝ
𝑥 → 𝑥𝑛
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 lim 𝑎 𝑥 = 0 𝑠𝑖 |𝑎| < 1 𝑒𝑡 lim 𝑎 𝑥 = 1 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 = 1
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞

𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 (𝑓𝑛 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑓𝑛 : [0 , 1 ] → ℝ

1 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→{
0 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≠ 1

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟔 ∶ 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍 𝒅’𝒊𝒏𝒕é𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒆.
𝑄36). 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡, 𝑓: [𝑎 , 𝑏 ] → ℝ 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑡
𝑏
𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0 . 𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎
𝑎

𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓(𝑡) ≥ 0 0 ∀𝑡 ∈ [𝑎 , 𝑏]

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 15

 𝑏
𝑆𝑖 𝑓(𝑡) > 0 ⟹ ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 > 0
𝑎
𝑏
(𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑏 > 𝑎) 𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑢𝑒
𝑎

𝑓 (𝑡) ≤ 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑓(𝑡) ≥ 0 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓(𝑡) = 0 ∀𝑡 ∈ [𝑎 , 𝑏]

⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐴

𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ . 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒. 𝑂𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0

𝑄37). 𝐿𝑎 𝑑é𝑟𝑖𝑣é𝑒 𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛é𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 ∶

𝑥
𝑡
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ≠ 0
0 𝑥
𝑑′ 𝑜𝑢 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 , 𝑡 = 0 → 𝑢 = 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑥 → 𝑢 = 1
1
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0

𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑛 ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)

ℎ′(𝑥) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢) + 𝑥 (1 − 𝑢)𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)
+𝑥𝑢𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔′(𝑥𝑢)
𝑑′ 𝑜𝑢
1 1
′( ′(
𝑓 𝑥 ) = ∫ ℎ 𝑥 )𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢) + 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0 0
1
+ ∫ −𝑥𝑢𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢) + 𝑥𝑢𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔′ (𝑥𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0

𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑥𝑢 = 𝑡 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ≠ 0 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 1 → 𝑡 = 𝑥

𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 0 → 𝑡 = 0

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 16

 𝑥
′(
𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑓 𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)
0 𝑢 𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑡
+ ∫ −𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡) + 𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔′ (𝑡)
0 𝑥

′(
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡) + ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑥 0 0
1 𝑥
+ ∫0 𝑡(𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡
𝑥
′ ∗
𝑥
′ ′
𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐷 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒 ∫ 𝑡(𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡
0
𝑢=𝑡 𝑢′ = 1
𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 { ′ ′ ⟹{
𝑣 = (𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑣 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)

𝑥 𝑥
′
∫ 𝑡(𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡 = [𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)]0𝑥 − ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑥 𝑥
′
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 ∫ 𝑡(𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0 ∗∗
′(
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑓 𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡) + ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑥 0 0
𝑥 𝑥
− ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑥 𝑥
′ (𝑥)
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓 = ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0

( 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠(−𝑥) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥)) ⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐶

𝑄38). 𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓é𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 (𝐸)𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 ∶

KABIR OUCHI ETUDIANT À EST AGADIR TEL : 0650400651 17

 𝑥
′ (𝑥)
𝑂𝑛 𝑎 𝑓 = ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑥𝑢 = 𝑡
0

𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 , 𝑡 = 𝑥 → 𝑢 = 1 𝑒𝑡 𝑡 = 0 → 𝑢 = 0
1
′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑓 = ∫ 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0

𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)

⟹ 𝑘 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢) − 𝑥(1 − 𝑢)𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)
+ 𝑥𝑢𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔′(𝑥𝑢)
1 1
′′ (𝑥) ′ (𝑥)
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑓 =∫ 𝑘 = ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢) − 𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0 0
1
+ ∫ 𝑥𝑢𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔(𝑥𝑢) + 𝑥𝑢𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑢)𝑔′(𝑥𝑢)𝑑𝑢
0
𝑥
′ ′′ (𝑥)
1
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 𝑓 =∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡) − 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

1
0
𝑥
𝑥
′
∗
+ ∫ 𝑡(𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡
𝑥 0
𝑥
′
1 ′
𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐷 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒 ∫ 𝑡(𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡
𝑥 0

𝑢=𝑡 𝑢 ′
=1
𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 { ′ ′ ⟹{
𝑣 = (𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑣 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)
𝑥 𝑥
′
∫ 𝑡(𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡 = [𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)]0𝑥 − ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0

1 𝑥 1 𝑥
′
∫ 𝑡(𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑔(𝑥) − ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑥 0 𝑥 0 ∗∗
𝑥
′ ′′ (𝑥)
𝑑 𝑜𝑢 𝑓 = − ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝑔(𝑥)
0

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) = −𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 ) ⟺ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) + 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑥 )

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𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙’é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓é𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 𝑔
⟹ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑥 𝐷

𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

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