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Dysthyroidie 4 Mai 2016
Dysthyroidie 4 Mai 2016
Dr J Jaafar
Service d’endocrinologie
HUG
Histologie
g
Apports recommandés:
Adulte 150 mcg/j.
mcg/j
Femme enceinte 200 mcg/j.
L’hypothyroïdie
Bradycardie
Fatigue, ralentissement
psychomoteur, dépression
Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study , arch intern Med.
Med 2000 Feb 28;160(4):526‐34.
28;160(4):526 34
Prise de poids
Constipation
Œdèmes
ª réflexes
Troubles cycle
Canaris et al.
Hypothyroïdie
yp y Etiologies
Hypothyroïdie Hypothyroïdie Hypothyroïdie
subclinique franche centrale Hypothyroïdie
h ïdi primaire
i i ( > 95%)
9 %) Thyroïdite
Th ïdi chronique
h i auto‐immune
i (H
Hashimoto)
hi )
Thyroïdite ( silencieuse, post partum, De Quervain)
TSH ↑ ↑ Normale à ↓ Iatrogène:
p thyroïdectomie,
Après y , radio‐iode,, irradiation
T4l « Normale » ↓ ↓ cervicale.
Médicamenteux: amiodarone , lithium,
Fréquence 5‐10% Rare antithyroïdiens, …)
S h
Surcharge iodées
i dé ( produit
d it de
d contraste)
t t )
Maladie infiltratives ( Riedel, sarcoidiose, amyloidose…)
‐ médics: amiodarone,
amiodarone lithium,
lithium interféron‐alpha
interféron alpha
Dosage des anti
anti‐TPO?
TPO? Bilan d
d’une
une hypothyroïdie
• Doser au maximum 1 fois
f !
• Que faire:
• Très bonne sensibilité pour la maladie de Hashimoto, spécificité plus
faible – Répéter
p TSH? Plutôt oui
• Utile pour confirmer l’origine auto‐immune (?) – T4l et T3? T4 l si TSH anormale ou atteinte centrale
• A t utilité
Autre tilité = hypothyroïdie
h th ïdi subclinique
b li i – Anticorps anti
anti‐ TPO , anti Tg
Tg, TRAb? max 1x AC antiTPO
‐ si AC‐TPO ©, le risque d’évolution vers une hypothyroïdie franche – Thyroglobuline? Non, utile pour le suivi des cancer.
est augmenté
augmenté.
– Imagerie? US si palpation anormale
Négatifs : risque de 2% / an
A ti TPO
Anti
– Autres? Non
Positifs: risque de 5% / an
Hypothyroïdie le traitement
• H
Hypothyroïdie
th ïdi ffranche h ou h hypothyroïdie
th ïdi subclinique
b li i avec
valeur de TSH > 10mUI/l
– lévothyroxine 1.2‐1.8 μg/kg/j 20‐30 min à jeun, à distance du calcium et
fer
– patient âgé ou coronarien Î débuter à 25‐50 μg/j et augmenter toutes
les 2‐4 semaines de 25 μg –
– femme
f enceinte:
i © besoin
b i en lévothyroxine
lé h i ded 25‐50%
25 50%
Tt
A 27‐year‐old woman who was just found to be pregnant requests advice about thyroid
A 28‐year‐old woman is evaluated for fatigue, weight gain and occasional constipation. hormone therapy during her pregnancy. She has hypothyroidism following radioiodine
Th patient
The ti t h
has a history
hi t off craniopharyngioma,
i h i which
hi h was resected;
t d she
h was ablation for Graves'
Graves disease 4 years ago.
ago She feels well and has no symptoms of thyroid
subsequently given radiation therapy. She has hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus hormone excess or deficiency. Her only medication is levothyroxine 100 µg/d.
after tumor resection and radiation. Her medications include hydrocortisone, On physical examination: the blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg, pulse rate 68/min, and BMI
levothyroxine oral contraceptives
levothyroxine, contraceptives, and desmopressin.
desmopressin She does not have dizziness,
dizziness 21 The thyroid gland is small,
21. small firm,
firm and nontender.
nontender
nausea, vomiting, polyuria, or polydipsia. She has regular menstrual cycles.
The physical examination is unremarkable. The serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone is 1.5 µU/mL (1.5 mU/L).
Laboratoryy Studies
Complete blood count Normal Which of the following is the most appropriate approach to her thyroid hormone therapy
Which of the following changes should during pregnancy?
be made to the patient therapy? Electrolyte panel Normal
TSH 0.1 mU/L A Her levothyroxine dose is correct and will
A Hydrocortisone dose should be not need to be changed
Free T4 6.4 pmol/L
C
lowered B Her levothyroxine dose will likely need to be
B Oral contraceptives should be decreased by 20% to 30%
discontinued C Her levothyroxine dose will likely need to be
i
increased
d by
b 30% tot 50%
D
C Desmopressin should be
discontinued D Liothyronine (LT3) should be add to
MKSAP 16 levothyroxine therapy
D Thyroid hormone dose should be It
Item 13
increased E She should be switched to a natural thyroid
preparation
A 59‐year‐old woman is evaluated for a 2‐week history of diffuse arthralgias, malaise,
anorexia, and d left‐sided
l f d d neckk pain and d swelling.
ll The
h pain radiates
d upwards
d towards
d the
h
left ear. She has no fever, chills, palpitations, or nervousness.
O physical
On h i l examination,
i ti the
th temperature
t t is
i 37.3
37 3 °C (99
(99.2
2 °F),
°F) and
d the
th pulse
l rate
t is
i
92/min. Thyroid examination shows warmth, tenderness, and moderate enlargement of
the left lobe of the gland, without fluctuance. Laboratory testing shows a leukocyte
count of 12,300/µL (12 3 × 109/L),
12 300/µL (12.3 /L) with 82% segmented cells and 3% bands; erythrocyte
sedimentation rate is 113 mm/h. Serum free T4 is 3.0 ng/dL (38.6 pmol/L), and TSH is
0.04 µU/mL (0.04 mU/L). CT scan of the neck shows no evidence of abscess.
Les hyperthyroïdies
Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy at this time?
C Thyroidectomy
h id
70%
20%
Hyperthyroïdie: causes Hyperthyroïdie: autres examens ?
- Ultrason:
l i ti ++ Î
Hypervascularisation
H Nodule Î Fonctionnel ou
Basedow pas ?
‐ Thyroïdites
‐ Surcharge iodée:
Normal
attendre 2‐3 mois
après CT, 9‐12 mois
après l’arrêt
d amiodarone!
d’amiodarone!
Adénomee toxique
Basedow
GMN Î US utile!
Maladie de Basedow
AC anti‐
anti‐rTSH (TRAb)
• Femmes/Hommes: 5/1
• Age moyen: 20
20‐40
40 ans
• Association avec autres maladies auto‐
immunes
• Répercussion clinique importante,
ophtalmopathie
h l h
• 40‐50% de rémission après 12‐18 mois
d’ATS
g – radio‐iode
• Alternatifs : Chirurgie
Hyperthyroïdies fonctionnelles: Si charge iodée:
• Ajouter KClO4 = perchlorate de potassium: 2x500 mg/j
• perchlorate de sodium 300mg 3x/j une jour avant et 7 à 14 jours après la charge iodée
‐ Adénome toxique
‐ Goitre multinodulaire autonome
‐ !! A d Î ‐ scanner
Apportt iiode
‐ amiodarone
Hyperthyroïdie: traitements
Hyperthyroïdie: complications
A 27‐year‐old woman is evaluated for palpitations and heat intolerance that develop 3
MKSAP 16 months after a successful pregnancy. She is breastfeeding. The patient's older sister has
Item 8 Graves' disease, but the patient herselff has no history off thyroid disease.
On physical examination, the blood pressure is 128/70 mm Hg, and the pulse rate is
104/min.
104/ i EEye examination
i ti reveals l stare
t and
d lid lag,
l butb t no proptosis.
t i TheTh th
thyroid
id gland
l d iis
moderately enlarged and nontender. She has moist palms and brisk deep tendon reflexes.
Serum free T4 is 2.7 ng/dL (34.2 pmol/L), free T3 46.22 ng/dL (7.1 pmol/L), and thyroid‐
stimulating hormone (TSH) is undetectable.
undetectable
Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step in this patient's
management?
Caractéristiques:
Très riche en iode 37.5% de son poids
Demi‐vie de 50 jours (élimination de la surcharge iodée très longue)
Très grand volume de distribution (graisses)
ª conversion de T4 en T3
Î TSH normale, T4 normale haute, T3 normale basse
En CH Î ~ 10% d’hyperT
Pas de traitement
traitement, contrôle TSH à distance
~ 10% d’hypoT
Amiodarone A 65‐year‐old
65 year old man with refractory atrial fibrillation begins therapy with amiodarone.
amiodarone
Baseline thyroid hormone levels are normal. One month later, the patient is
asymptomatic but has the following laboratory findings: total T4, 13.4 µg/dL (172.46
o / ); free
nmol/L); ee T4, 2.7 ng/dL
g/d (3
(34.2 p
pmol/L);
o / ); free
ee T3, 11.72 ng/dL
g/d ((1.8
8 nmol/L);
o / ); TSH,
S ,33.9
9
Hyperthyroïdie sur Cordarone® µU/mL (3.9 mU/L).
A Amiodarone‐induced thyroiditis
Surcharge iodée: © synthèse Thyroïdite: relargage B Iodine‐induced hyperthyroidism
C
C Expected changes in euthyroid patients taking
amiodarone
D Spurious laboratory results caused by amiodarone
Antithyroïdiens +/‐ Prednisone E Euthyroid sick syndrome
KClO4*
* KClO4 = perchlorate de potassium: 2x500 mg/j max 6 semaines