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Sustainable Business

Management
TRAINING PROGRAMME
Sustainable Business
Management
TRAINING PROGRAMME

From Millennium Development Goals


(MDGs) to Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs): Changing the Business
Environment
Giovanni Ferri – LUMSA
Director Master in Management of SDGs
https://mastermsdg.lumsa.it
1

Des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMDs)


aux objectifs de développement durable (ODD) :
Changer l'environnement des affaires

Giovanni Ferri

Bonjour ! Merci à tous d'avoir rejoint le programme de formation en gestion d'entreprise durable d'INVESTMED ! Ce que nous ferons dans ce cours,
dans cette leçon en ligne, c'est d'aborder la question de savoir comment nous sommes passés, comment le monde est passé des Objectifs du Millénaire
pour le développement (OMD) - qui étaient valables entre 2000 et 2015 - aux Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) – valables entre 2015 et
2030. Et, plus précisément, nous les aborderons non seulement pour la curiosité d'apprendre que de 8 objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement,
nous sommes passés à 17 objectifs de développement durable, que vous connaissez probablement déjà, mais nous allons discuter de la façon dont
ceux-ci ont donné une grande impulsion au changement de l’environnement des affaires et comment cela représente un défi concurrentiel pour les
entreprises et les entreprises du monde entier.
Outline
DO NOT COVER

•How did we get from MDGs to SDGs?

•Main macro implications of the SDGs

•How SDGs change the business environment and the competitive factors

INVESTMED
Sustainable Business Management 3
Training Programme
2

Alors, laissez-moi vous dire comment ca va se dérouler, les grandes lignes de cette e-leçon.
Nous verrons d'abord comment nous sommes passés des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement aux objectifs de développement durable ; puis
nous examinerons deux dimensions différentes des impacts, les conséquences des ODDs - d'abord, nous aborderons les principales implications
macroéconomiques des ODDs et, deuxièmement, nous verrons comment les ODDs modifient l'environnement des affaires et les facteurs
concurrentiels dans l'économie.
Commençons donc par le premier élément.
How did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 1
• It’s not just more goals DO NOT COVER
• It’s a different approach
• Measurability is the key difference

SDGs – 2016 to 2030


MDGs – 2000 to 2015

• It’s a Pyramid:
• At the top lay the 17 SDGs
• 169 sub-goal (Targets) lay below
• 248 Indicators lay at the bottom
• The big difference: Most Targets
& all Indicators can be measured!

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Sustainable Business Management 4
Training Programme
3

Ce que vous voyez ici en haut à gauche, ce sont les 8 objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement. C'était des objectifs très importants : éradiquer
l'extrême pauvreté et la faim était le numéro 1 assurer l’éducation primaire pour tous était le 2ème ; promouvoir l'égalité des sexes et l'autonomisation
des femmes était le 3ème ; réduire la mortalité infantile était le 4ème ; améliorer la santé maternelle était le 5ème; combattre le VIH/Sida, le paludisme
et d'autres maladies était le 6ème ; préserver l’environnement était l'OMD numéro 7 ; et, enfin, le partenariat mondial pour le développement était le
numéro 8.
Et ce que nous avons ici, ce sont les ODDs, qui sont presque deux fois plus importants en termes de nombre par rapport aux 8 objectifs du Millénaire
pour le développement. Tout le monde le sait : « Pas de pauvreté » est n°1 ; « Faim zéro » est n°2 ; « Bonne santé et bien-être » est n° 3; « Education
de qualité » est n° 4 ; « Egalité entre les sexes » est le n° 5 ; « Eau propre et assainissement » est n°6 ; « Énergie propre et à un coût abordable » est
n°7 ; « Travail décent et croissance économique » est n° 8 ; « Industrie, Innovation et Infrastructure » est n° 9 ; le 10ème est « Inégalités réduites » ;
« Villes et communautés durables » est n° 11 ; « Consommation et la production responsables », où vous voyez le symbole de l'économie circulaire
est le numéro 12 ; « Mesures relatives à la lutte contre les changements climatiques » est le numéro 13 ; « Vie aquatique » est le numéro 14 ; puis
« Vie terrestre » est numéro 15 ; « Paix, justice et institutions efficaces » est numéro 16 ; et, enfin, « Partenariats pour la réalisation des objectifs » est
le numéro 17, ce qui équivaut au numéro 8 pour les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement.
Donc, ce que nous remarquons et ce que j'aimerais que vous reteniez de cette leçon en ligne, ce n'est pas seulement qu'il y a plus d'objectifs - et,
certainement, le schéma est passé de 8 à 17 -, mais c'est l'approche différente et les différences clés faites par la mesurabilité.
Si vous revenez aux objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement, vous avez quelques cibles en dessous de ces objectifs – les cibles des sous-
objectifs – mais très peu d'entre elles (elles n'étaient pas nombreuses), et très peu d'entre elles étaient mesurables. La différence ici est le fait que, dans
le cadre des ODDs, il existe un filet de mesurabilité. La mesurabilité est la principale différence. Vous pouvez considérer l'Agenda 2030 pour le
développement durable des Nations Unies (ONU) comme une pyramide. Au niveau supérieur, vous avez les 17 objectifs de développement durable,
mais vous avez ensuite deux étages en dessous : au premier étage, sous les 17 objectifs de développement durable, vous avez 169 sous-objectifs cibles
; et puis vous avez un autre étage sous les 169 sous-objectifs cibles : vous avez 248 indicateurs qui se trouvent au bas de la pyramide. Et la grande
différence est que la plupart des cibles et tous les indicateurs peuvent être mesurés. Nous avons donc une matrice pour mesurer comment les gens,
comment les institutions, comment les pays, comment les entreprises affectent la réalisation de ces 17 objectifs de développement durable. Et c'est
une très grande difference.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030

REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.

1. A Global Balance Agenda.


REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
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of international development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
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REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
1. A Global Balance Agenda.
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
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of international hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
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How did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 2


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DO NOT COVER
•The 169 sub-goals
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
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9
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sanitation
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revolution in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
12
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economic growth
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
Reduced inequalities 10

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
Sustainable cities & 10
communities

Responsible
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 11
consumption

Climate action
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030

5



SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 Life below water 10


Life on land 12



Peace & justice 12


Partnerships for the 19
goals


INVESTMED
Sustainable Business Management 5
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Maintenant, concernant les 169 sous-objectifs cibles, je ne peux pas entrer dans les détails - ce ne serait pas très fructueux pour nous - mais je peux
vous mentionner que le nombre de sous-objectifs cibles varie d'un minimum de 5, sous les énergies renouvelables (qui est l'ODD 7) et l'action
climatique (qui est l'ODD 13), jusqu'à un maximum de 19 sous-objectifs cibles pour les partenariats pour les objectifs (ODD 17) ; et vous voyez que
de nombreux ODD ont plus de 10 sous-objectifs cibles (cela est vrai pour l'ODD 3 - bonne santé - ; une éducation de qualité seulement 10 ; de bons
emplois et une croissance économique - ODD 8 -, 12 ; réduire les inégalités - ODD 10 - a 10 sous-objectifs cibles ; il en va de même pour les villes
et les communautés durables - ODD 11 - ; la consommation responsable avec 11 sous-objectifs cibles - ODD 12 ; la vie sous l'eau a 10 sous-objectifs
cibles - ODD 14 - ; et les deux ODD 15 - la vie sur terre – et l'ODD 16 – paix et justice – ont 12 sous-objectifs chacun.

1. A Global Balance Agenda.
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
LS – 2016 to 2030 In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.

of international development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
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1. A Global Balance Agenda.
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previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
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hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
1. A Global Balance Agenda. 1. A Global Balance Agenda. hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS. eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development
In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation

eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
the goals have been Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
of international development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
in pursuing the reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance. Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
true novelty in the 2030 Development the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
1. A Global Balance Agenda. of international The
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective.
Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
true novelty in the 2030 Development
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
to a 1. A Global Balance Agenda. is only the surface of a deeper revolution
In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS. in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
of international hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015 Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
previous international
is only framework, known
the surface of as the
a deeper Millennium
revolution Development
in perspective. The Goals. The latter,
true novelty a list
in the 2030 of Development In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a

How did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 3


Global Balance Agenda.
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully of international
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
1. A Global Balance Agenda.
previous international is only framework,
the surface known as the
of a deeper Millennium
revolution Development
in perspective. The Goals. The latter,
true novelty
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015 a list
in the 2030 of Development
nternational development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
ING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:

•The 17 SDGs, their No. 1 Target & their number of Indicators


is only framework,
vious international the surface of a deeper
known revolution
as the Millennium in perspective.
Development The true novelty
Goals. in the
The latter, 2030
a list of Development Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully

Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
ht simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture: In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
goals have reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a of international development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the

DO NOT COVER
Agenda.
LOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
efully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
nly the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture: novelty in the 2030 Development
evelopment efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
nda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
nal framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of
ects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their Targets No. 1
the goals

have
Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
been multiplied in SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
SDGs
sy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture: Target 1 SDGs
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation Target 1
en multiplied in the 2030 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
1. A Global Balance Agenda.
velopment. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
ts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
No poverty no extreme poverty (below $1.25 a
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true novelty
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015 in the 2030 Reduced inequalities
Development achieve & sustain income growth of the

In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course
of a deeper
nown as the revolution
Millennium in Development
perspective. The true The
Goals. novelty in the
latter, 2030
a list of Development

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
day)
Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 bottom 40% population at a rate higher than
of international development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
14
it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
1. A Global Balance Agenda.
tion about the world we live in: global balance.
he
previous international
2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a 13
framework, known as the Millennium Development reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
Goals. The latter, a list of the national average

No hunger access by all people, in particular the
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
h a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation Sustainable cities &
By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate,
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015 the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course to a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
lution in perspective. The true novelty in
of international the 2030 Development
development poor & vulnerable, to safe &
efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the communities
safe and affordable housing and basic
14
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
REVERTING LOOPS: DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS.
oals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
rld we live in: global balance.
previous international framework,
is only the surface of known as the
a deeper Millennium
revolution Development
in perspective. sufficient food
Goals.
The true The latter,
novelty a list Development
in the 2030 of
15 services and upgrade slums

eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture:
Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully

the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda,
Good health

reduce maternal mortality ratio
specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
Responsible
sustainable consumption & production in all

UM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015 reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 consumption
1. A Global Balance Agenda. below 70 per 100,000 live births
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
countries, with rich countries leading,
28
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development

In 2016 a new era has started for development. A new Agenda, focused on 17 goals, will set the course favoring LDCs
13

of international Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully
development efforts until 2030, building on the results achieved in pursuing the
Quality education
reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance. ensure all girls/boys complete free, Climate action

previous international framework, known as the Millennium Development Goals. The latter, a list of strengthen resilience & adaptive capacity to
eight simple and easy to understand objectives, paved the way to a much more articulated architecture: equitable & quality primary &

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 climate-related hazards & natural disasters in
the goals have been multiplied in the 2030 Agenda, secondary education with effective
specified in 169 sub-targets, and subjected to a
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
12 all countries
hopefully rigorous monitoring through a set of quantitative indicators. Yet, its more complex articulation
is only the surface of a deeper revolution in perspective. The true novelty in the 2030 Development
learning outcomes 8
Gender equality Life below water
Agenda is not that it focuses more goals in a more detailed way, but that, finally and assumingly, it fully end all forms of discrimination prevent & significantly reduce marine

reflects a new intuition about the world we live in: global balance.
against all women & girls everywhere

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 pollution of all kinds, esp. from land-based
14 10
LE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - 2000 to 2015
activities
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
Clean water & sanitation Life on land
achieve universal & equitable access ensure conservation, restoration &
to safe & affordable drinking water sustainable use of terrestrial & inland

11 for all 14 freshwater ecosystems and their services,
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030 esp. forests, wetlands, mountains & drylands

Renewable energy ensure universal access to affordable, Peace & justice
reliable & modern energy services significantly reduce all forms of violence &
6 related death rates everywhere
24


SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – 2016 to 2030
Good jobs & economic Sustain per capita economic growth Partnerships for the strengthen domestic resource mobilization,
growth & at least 7% GDP growth per year in goals including via internat. support to LDCs, to
least developed countries
improve domestic capacity for tax & other
16 24 revenue collection

Innovation & quality, reliable, sustainable &
Infrastructure resilient infrastructure for all



12

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How did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 4
did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 1
• It’s not just more goals DO NOT COVER

DO NOT COVER
• It’s a different approach
get from MDGs• to
•First Sub-goal Target & fist Indicator: SDG1 – SDG9
SDGs? – 1is the key difference
Measurability
• It’s not just more goals DO NOT COVER
• It’s a different approach SDGs
SDG– 2016 to 2030 First Sub-goal Target First Indicator
• Measurability is the key difference
om MDGs to SDGs? – 1 1.1.1 Proportion of the population living below the international
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently
• It’s not just more goalsGoal 1. No poverty DO NOT COVER poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographic
SDGs – 2016 to 2030 measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
•toIt’s
SDGs? – 1approach
a different location (urban/rural)
• Measurability is the key difference 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and
just
below more goals DO NOT COVER
Goal 2. No hunger people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient 2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment
ferent approach
ottom food all year round
SDGs – 2016 to 2030
ability
argets is the key difference
Gs? –1
asured! 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000
Goal 3. Good health 3.1.1 Maternal mortality ratio
e goals DO NOT COVER live births
pproach SDGs – 2016 to 2030 4.1.1 Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3;
4
the key difference 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary
w1 did we get from MDGs Goal 4. Quality
to SDGs? – 1 education primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and
DO NOT COVER
• It’s not just more goals DO NOT COVER (ii) mathematics, by sex
h SDGs – 2016 toa2030
yget from MDGs to SDGs?approach
–1
• It’s different
difference • Measurability is the key difference 5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote,
• It’s not just more
Goalgoals
5. Gender equality DO NOT COVER
5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis
m MDGs
SDGs – 2016
to
It’s
• to SDGs?
a different–approach
2030
1 of sex
SDGs – 2016 to 2030
Measurability
It’s not•just more goals is the key difference DO NOT COVER6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking
Goal 6. Clean water & sanitation
It’s a different approach water for all water services
Measurability is the key difference SDGs – 2016 to 2030 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy
Gs Goal 7. Renewable energy 7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity
ay below services
bottom
t Targets SDGs – 2016 to 2030 8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances
measured! Goal 8. Good jobs & economic growth and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in 8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
the least developed countries
4

9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including


9.1.1 Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of
Goal 9. Innovation & infrastructure regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human
an all-season road
well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable

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Permettez-moi maintenant de fournir quelques détails supplémentaires sur les 17 objectifs de développement durable. Regardons la cible numéro 1,
qui n'est pas nécessairement le sous-objectif le plus important, mais c'est probablement le cas puisqu'elle est spécifiée comme la première parmi les
cibles. Et ici je rapporte aussi…
Ainsi, ici, par exemple, pour « Pas de pauvreté », ODD 1, nous avons la cible 1 qui est « pas de pauvreté extrême en dessous (… ce qui signifie les
personnes qui ont moins de « 1,25 $ par jour » ; et j'ai également signalé ce nombre 13 qui est le nombre d'indicateurs faisant référence à l'ODD 1.
Si nous passons à « Pas de faim », ODD 2, vous voyez que la première cible est « l'accès de tous, en particulier des pauvres et des personnes
vulnérables, à une alimentation sûre et suffisante » et cet ODD a 14 indicateurs. « Bonne santé », ODD 3, a comme premier objectif « réduire le taux
de mortalité maternelle en dessous de 70 pour 100 000 naissances vivantes » et a obtenu le nombre maximum d'indicateurs : 28. « Une éducation de
qualité » a 12 indicateurs et le premier sous-objectif cible « assurer que toutes les filles et tous les garçons achèvent un enseignement primaire et
secondaire gratuit, équitable et de qualité avec des résultats d'apprentissage efficaces ». Et ODD 5, « Egalité des genres » : 14 indicateurs ; le premier
objectif est « mettre fin à toutes les formes de discrimination contre toutes les femmes et les filles partout ». L'ODD 6, « Eau propre et assainissement
» a 11 indicateurs et le premier sous-objectif est « réaliser un accès universel et équitable à une eau potable sûre et abordable pour tous ».
7, « Énergies renouvelables » : 6 indicateurs ; premier sous-objectif cible : « assurer l'accès universel à des services énergétiques abordables, fiables
et modernes ». Numéro 8, « Bons emplois et croissance économique » : 16 indicateurs ; et le premier sous-objectif Cible est de « maintenir une
croissance économique par habitant qui représente 70 % de la croissance du PIB par an dans les pays les moins avancés ». Le numéro 9 concerne «
L'innovation et les infrastructures ». Il comporte 12 indicateurs et le premier sous-objectif cible est « des infrastructures de qualité, fiables, durables
et résilientes pour tous ». Numéro 10, l'ODD 10 concerne « la réduction e les inégalités » et le premier objectif est « d’atteindre et maintenir la
croissance des revenus de 40 % des populations les plus pauvres à un taux supérieur à la moyenne nationale » et il comporte 14 indicateurs. ODD 11,
« Villes et communautés durables ». Première cible : « d'ici 2030, garantir l'accès de tous à un logement et à des services de base adéquats, sûrs et
abordables et rénover les bidonvilles ». Il a 15 indicateurs. 12, « Consommation responsable » : « une consommation et une production durables dans
tous les pays – avec les pays riches en tête des pays relativement moins développés ». 13 Indicateurs. ODD 13, « Action pour le climat ». Première
cible : « renforcer la résilience et la capacité d'adaptation aux aléas climatiques et aux catastrophes naturelles dans tous les pays ». Il a 8 indicateurs.
ODD 14, « La vie aquatique ». 10 indicateurs. Le premier objectif est de « prévenir et réduire considérablement la pollution marine de toutes sortes,
en particulier due aux activités terrestres ».
6

Numéro 15, « La vie terrestre ». 14 Indicateurs. Première cible : « assurer la conservation, la restauration et l'utilisation durable des écosystèmes d'eau
douce terrestres et intérieurs et de leurs services, en particulier les forêts, les zones humides, les montagnes et les terres arides ». Numéro 16, « Paix
et justice ». 24 indicateurs, autant que l'ODD 17 « Partenariats pour les objectifs ». Pour l'ODD 16, le premier objectif est de « réduire de manière
significative toutes les formes de violence et les taux de mortalité associés partout » ; et 17 « renforcer la mobilisation des ressources nationales, y
compris via un soutien international aux pays les moins développés, afin d'améliorer la capacité nationale de perception des impôts et autres recettes
».
Donc, vous voyez, nous avons des nombres disparates et très divers de Cibles. Ce ne sont là que les premières cibles des 17 objectifs de développement
durable.
o SDGs? – 1
st more goals DO NOT COVER
rent approach
ility is the key difference

Gs? – 1
de goals How did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 5
we get from MDGsDOto
SDGs – 2016 to
SDGs?
NOT
DO2030
COVER
NOT COVER
–1
pproach • It’s not just more goals DO NOT COVER
DO NOT COVER
rence
t from MDGs •First Sub-goal Target & fist Indicator: SDG10 – SDG17
the key difference
to SDGs?
• It’s – 1approach
a different
• Measurability is the key difference
It’s– 2016
nottojust
2030 more goals DO NOT COVER
MDGs••SDGs
to SDGs? –1
It’s a different approach 10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom
10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita
– 2016 to 2030 Goal 10. Reduced inequalities among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total
Measurability 40DO
per cent of COVER
the population at a rate higher than the national average
’s not •just more goalsis the key difference SDGs – 2016 to 2030 NOT population
’s a different approach 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and 11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal
Goal 11. Sustainable cities & communities
Measurability is the key difference basic services and upgrade slums settlements or inadequate housing
SDGs – 2016 to 2030
12.1 Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable 12.1.1 Number of countries developing, adopting or
Goal 12. Responsible consumption Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed implementing policy instruments aimed at supporting the shift to
s?
low– 1 SDGs – 2016 to 2030 countries taking the lead, taking into account the development sustainable consumption and production
Gs to SDGs? – 1
om
goals DO NOT COVER
ot just more goals DO NOT COVER
gets 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and 13.1.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected
proach
different approach Goal 13. Climate action
natural disasters in all countries persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
ured!
urability
he is the key difference
key difference
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in 14.1.1 (a) Index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris
Goal 14. Life below water
SDGs – 2016 to 2030 i
particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution density
SDGs – 2016 to 2030
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial
Goal 15. Life on land and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, 15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
mountains and drylands, in line with obligations

16.1.1 Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000


Goal 16. Peace & justice 16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
population, by sex and age
17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international
Goal 17. Partnerships for the goals support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other 7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity
revenue collection

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Si on va jusqu'au premier sous-objectif Cible et qu'on lui associe le premier Indicateur, pour l'ODD 1 à l'ODD 9, je m'abstiendrai d'aller au sous-
objectif Cibles car c'est le même qu'avant… mais vous pouvez regarder faites-le vous-même : le premier indicateur pour l'objectif, l'ODD 1 et le
premier sous-objectif cible seront la « proportion de la population vivant en dessous du seuil de pauvreté international, par sexe, âge, statut d'emploi
et emplacement géographique (urbain/rural) ». Ensuite, si vous descendez, vous aurez la « prévalence de la sous-alimentation » à propos de « l'ODD
Faim », qui est le numéro 2. Le « taux de mortalité maternelle » pour mesurer la « Bonne santé » de l'ODD 3 et ainsi de suite. Je ne pense pas qu'il
soit utile que nous allions un par un. Je vais juste descendre… Vous pouvez le trouver par vous-même. Par exemple, passons rapidement au 15 « Vie
terrestre » : ici le premier indicateur est « la superficie forestière en proportion de la superficie terrestre totale ».
How did we get from MDGs to SDGs? – 6
DO NOT COVER
Compared with the past, the 2030 Development Agenda is characterized by three
main features:

- its development goals are qualified as sustainable

- it shifts from the perspective of one way development aid from the “rich” to the
“poor”, to the horizon of a shared & common interest to further develop
together in a sustainable way, and, fundamentally,

- it hints the idea that SDGs themselves are interconnected and synergic.

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Par rapport au passé, le Programme de développement durable à l'horizon 2030 présente trois différences principales.
Ses objectifs de développement sont qualifiés de durables. Ce n'était pas le cas avant.
L'Agenda passe de la perspective d'une aide au développement à sens unique des pays « riches » vers les pays « pauvres » à un horizon différent où il
existe un intérêt partagé et commun à poursuivre le développement ensemble de manière durable, et fondamentalement, il suggère l'idée que les
objectifs de développement durable eux-mêmes sont fortement interconnectés et ils sont en synergie les uns avec les autres.
Main macro implications of the SDGs – 1
DO NOT COVER
Understanding global balance: the “Earth’s matrix”
Balance is the engine behind the truly chaotic nature of earth’s system
Such planetary balance has – among other – 4 crucial features:
- it is geographically global, since interactions work at long distances too, so that
the fate of a child in Africa can be interlinked with that of a polar bear, & what
may seem good at a local level could have negative impacts on a larger scale;
- it is systemically global, because all kinds of phenomena & sectors are inter-
linked – biodiversity losses do interact with new IT technologies – so that single
sector siloed perspectives tend to be not only partial, but also misleading;
- it includes mankind, so that we have abandon the view that we are external &
final end users above the system, and cast ourselves back as part of it, and
- it is surprisingly coherent, as we will see.

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Les principales implications macro des Objectifs de Développement Durable peuvent être comprises en regardant comment les ODD sont liés au
concept d'équilibre mondial et je vous proposerai en quelques secondes le concept de la « matrice de la Terre ».
Quel est l'équilibre ? L'équilibre peut être considéré comme le moteur de la nature véritablement chaotique de l'écosystème terrestre. Et cet équilibre
planétaire a, entre autres, quatre caractéristiques cruciales. La première caractéristique est que l'équilibre global est géographiquement global, car les
interactions fonctionnent aussi à longue distance, de sorte que le sort d'un enfant en Afrique peut être fortement lié à celui d'un ours polaire, et ce qui
peut paraître bon au niveau local , pourrait même avoir des impacts négatifs à l'échelle mondiale, à plus grande échelle. La deuxième caractéristique
est que l'équilibre est systématiquement global, car toutes sortes de phénomènes et de secteurs sont liés - les pertes de biodiversité interagissent avec
les nouvelles technologies de l'information (TI) - de sorte que les perspectives sectorielles isolées, qui sont disposées en silo, isolément, tendent à être
non seulement partielle, mais aussi trompeuse. La troisième caractéristique est que l'équilibre inclut l'humanité, de sorte que nous devons abandonner
l'idée que nous sommes des agents externes et des utilisateurs finaux, que nous sommes externes aux systèmes, et comprendre qu'au contraire, nous
sommes à l'intérieur du système : nous avons de nous rejeter en tant que partie du système. Et, enfin, comme nous le verrons, la matrice de la Terre,
l'équilibre est étonnamment cohérent.
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Understanding global balance: the “Earth’s matrix”
dynamically the relationships among the environment, development, human rights/social welfare, and
The four key components of the planetary balance may be glimpsed here:
peace:

ENVIRONMENT PEACE AND STABILITY

DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS

It basically says that a feedback loop is at work among the four dimensions; that if a land is
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migrate or an easier pray to fanaticism, and so on. And, conversely, it says that if the peasant is granted
a sounder education, ha can manage better his field, defend it from contamination, count on a more
dignified livelihood, and therefore resist temptations to engage in conflicts, etc1. No matter which term
of the matrix is subjected to an initial stress or improvement factor, its consequences will cyclically
reverberate on the three related dimensions and grow in scope and impact. It is the Keynesian idea of a
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Maintenant, les quatre éléments clés de l'équilibre planétaire que je viens de décrire brièvement peuvent être liés ici.
Ce que nous avons ici, ce sont quatre angles différents qui font tous partie de l'équilibre mondial. Vous pouvez commencer où vous voulez.
Si vous partez de l'environnement, vous verrez que l'environnement est fortement interconnecté avec la paix et la stabilité (pensez aux conflits sur
l'eau. Si l'environnement ne vous donne pas assez d'eau, il y aura très probablement des conflits entre les populations et cela sapera paix et stabilité).
Et, à son tour, si la paix et la stabilité sont compromises, cela aura un impact négatif sur les droits humains. Et si les droits de l'homme sont trop
affectés, cela affectera la capacité du pays, d'une région à se développer. Et porter atteinte aux droits de l'homme et les conflits endommageront
l'environnement. Donc, tout est interconnecté, fortement interconnecté ; et l'environnement est aussi une condition du développement, avoir un
environnement décent. Cela vous montre à quel point toutes les dimensions de base de la matrice terrestre sont fortement, profondément et
intrinsèquement interconnectées.
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Moving National Accounting beyond GDP

Many top scholars have at length warned us on the need to come up with better
measures of societal wellbeing than currently provided by GDP or GNP: e.g., the
Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Report of 2009 – https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/8131721/8131772/Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi-Commission-report.pdf

Something is moving on at the UN where a System of Environmental-Economic


Accounting (SEEA) is being developed as a framework that integrates economic and
environmental data to provide a more comprehensive and multipurpose view of
the interrelationships between the economy and the environment and the stocks
and changes in stocks of environmental assets, as they bring benefits to humanity.

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Et un autre exemple que je veux voir ici est le fait que de nombreux universitaires de haut niveau ont recommandé de déplacer la comptabilité nationale
au-delà du traditionnel produit intérieur brut (PIB) ou produit national brut (PNB). De nombreux chercheurs de haut niveau nous ont depuis longtemps
mis en garde contre la nécessité de proposer de meilleures mesures du bien-être sociétal. Un exemple est le rapport en 2009 de la Commission Stiglitz-
Sen-Fitoussi, qui a écrit ce rapport pour le président français de l'époque Sarkozy - vous avez le lien actif, si vous le souhaitez, c'est facile à trouver,
à localiser et il est vraiment disponible . Mais quelque chose bouge, vraiment, bouge aux Nations Unies, où les Nations Unies ont développé un
système de comptabilité environnementale et économique (SEEA) et c'est un cadre qui intègre les données économiques et environnementales pour
fournir une vue plus complète et polyvalente des interrelations entre l'économie et l'environnement et les stocks et les changements des actifs
environnementaux, car ils apportent des avantages à l'humanité.
Donc, ce n'est pas déjà accompli. Cela prendra du temps. Mais quelque chose bouge au niveau macro.
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Besides the macro implications, SDGs have microeconomic implications as well:

- The measurability of the SDGs does not refer to states and governments only, it
pertains to private companies and NGOs too

- The SDGs are in various ways providing a metric to measure the sustainable
footprint of any institutional or economic entity

- In the past, private companies could be judged by just looking at the so called
“Bottom Line”, that is their ability to make profits (in the bottom line of their
profit & losses accounts) and thus build value for their shareholders

- But, now the SDGs build a new metric to assess the creation of true value

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Mais il y a aussi (des changements) au niveau micro-économique, à un plus petit niveau.


Les ODDs modifient l'environnement des affaires et les facteurs concurrentiels qui étaient également pertinents dans le passé.
La mesurabilité des objectifs de développement durable que j'ai considérée comme la principale différence entre les objectifs de développement
durable et les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement ne concerne pas seulement les États et les gouvernements, elle concerne également les
entreprises privées et les ONGs.
Les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement fournissent de diverses manières une métrique pour mesurer l'empreinte durable de toute entité
institutionnelle ou économique. Dans le passé, les entreprises privées pouvaient être jugées (et étaient normalement jugées) en regardant simplement
ce que l'on appelle la « ligne du bas ». La ligne de fond qui était la substance. Et dans tous les types de résultat net de l'entreprise, la meilleure mesure
de la performance de l'entreprise était sa capacité à réaliser des bénéfices, qui est le résultat net des comptes de profits et pertes d'une entreprise. Donc,
si c'est sur cela que l'entreprise est jugée, il leur suffit de créer de la valeur pour leurs actionnaires, car ce n'est qu'en réalisant des bénéfices qu'ils
créeront de la valeur. Mais maintenant, les ODDs construisent une nouvelle métrique pour évaluer la création de valeur réelle. Pas seulement la valeur
pour les actionnaires.
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- In 1994 John Elkington created the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) whereby a company
must look not only at the single bottom line of its Profit (Economic value)
- but also at the 2nd bottom line, that is its impact on People (Social value)
- and at a 3rd bottom line, i.e. its impact on the Planet (Environmental value).
- As we will see in a further e-lesson, the implications of the TBL will be clear for
companies’ non-financial disclosure.

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Et je veux citer le fait qu'en 1994 John Elkington a créé le concept du Triple Bottom Line (TBL), pas seulement un seul résultat : une entreprise ne
doit pas seulement regarder le seul résultat de ses bénéfices qui représente la valeur économique , mais aussi un deuxième résultat, qui est l'impact sur
les gens (qui est la valeur sociale) ; et un troisième résultat : l'impact d'une entreprise sur la planète (la valeur environnementale, la contribution de
l'entreprise à la valeur environnementale). Ainsi, comme vous pouvez le voir, le Triple Bottom Line n'est plus seulement de faire des profits, mais
aussi de prendre soin des gens et de la planète. Ainsi, la performance d'une entreprise sera jugée selon ces trois dimensions différentes. Et, nous
verrons dans une autre leçon en ligne les implications du Triple Bottom Line pour la divulgation non financière des entreprises, le reporting non
financier.
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C'est tout pour cette classe.

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