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‫تجزئة السوق‬

Transféré par Romi Lamrani le Apr 27, 2021

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‫تجزئة السوق‬

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transfert maintenant 
Apr 27, 2021

Titre original
(2) ‫تجزئة السوق‬

Copyright ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ ‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ة‬

• ‫م‬‫م‬‫ق‬‫د‬.
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• ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬
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‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
Formats disponibles ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫و‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
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‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬sur
‫ة‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬Scribd
‫م‬‫ن‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
• ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ ، ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ ت‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ب‬ .
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‫م‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
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‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
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‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
• ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ب‬ .
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‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
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‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
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 ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
• ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ب‬
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‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬

 
‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ع‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
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‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
Courriel • ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬

‫م‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ج‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ص‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬
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‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬ ‫ ا‬‫د‬  ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬‫د‬
‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ب‬  ‫ش‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬ ‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬
‫ج‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ك‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬‫ إ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬
‫ف‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫ي‬  .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ : ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ء‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫د‬  ‫ك‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ل‬
‫؟‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬
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‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬  ‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬ ‫ س‬‫ق‬‫ا‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ث‬‫ا‬

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫اط‬

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ) ‫ز‬‫أ‬‫ج‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫س‬ ، ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬ ، ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ( ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ط‬‫ن‬‫ش‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ؤ‬‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ب‬
‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬  ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬ ‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ ‫و‬‫م‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ، ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬  ‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬   ‫ا‬‫ل‬ .

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫و‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫اط‬

‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬ ‫ م‬‫ك‬‫ م‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ط‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬
‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ص‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬
‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ض‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫ص‬ ‫و‬ ‫ م‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫إ‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬
‫و‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ث‬‫و‬ .
‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن م‬‫ش‬‫ط‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ .
‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬  ‫ظ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬
‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫م‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ أ‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ف‬
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫م‬ .
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫ص‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬  ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬  ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ، ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ج‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬ .
 ‫ص‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ة‬  ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬
‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫ب‬ ‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫و‬‫إ‬
‫ئ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬  ‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ إ‬‫ص‬
‫س‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ .

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫اط‬

‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬ ‫خ‬‫م‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ت‬ :
1- ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ط‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ث‬ : ‫ئ‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬ ، ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ص‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ ‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ت‬ ، ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫م‬ .
2-  ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ر‬ ‫ أ‬‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ق‬
: ‫و‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ، ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬ ... ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ ، ‫ي‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬
3- ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫م‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫د‬ : ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫إ‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬
‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ ‫و‬  ‫ط‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫م‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ع‬ .
4- ‫ع‬‫س‬‫ل‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ ، ‫ج‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ك‬‫أ‬ : ‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ع‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ت‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬...
5- ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ق‬
‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ة‬  ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫س‬ ..
‫ ف‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ ، ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ س‬‫ ق‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ح‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬

‫ ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬  : ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬
‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ط‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬
‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ض‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ) ‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ( ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ ‫و‬‫م‬
‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ض‬  ‫و‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ، ‫ة‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬  ‫ن‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫ص‬‫أ‬‫ش‬‫خ‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ع‬
‫س‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫أ‬ :
1- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ش‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ش‬‫ب‬‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬ .
2- ‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬  ‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫د‬
‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬  ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬

3- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬ .
4- ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ي‬  ‫د‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ط‬ ‫ك‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫و‬
‫س‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬ .
5- ‫ك‬‫ك‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ئ‬‫ة‬‫ك‬ ‫ر‬  ‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬ .
6- ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫خ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ك‬ ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫ن‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬. .. ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
‫ ج‬‫ة‬‫ن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ص‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬
‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ؤ‬‫و‬‫ك‬ :
1- ‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬ :
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ ت‬‫ق‬ ‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ص‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ث‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬  ‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬
‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ .
2- ، ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ ب‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬ : ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ف‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ن‬
‫و‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
3- ‫ط‬ ‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ى‬  ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ن‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ .
4- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬ : ‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ب‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ذ‬ .

‫ب‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ :

‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ ي‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ي‬‫ر‬  ‫ك‬‫د‬‫ت‬
‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ .
1- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ئ‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ظ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ء‬‫ك‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫آ‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬ .
2- ‫ب‬‫ق‬‫س‬ ‫ئ‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ .
3- ‫و‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ .
4- ‫و‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ط‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫ي‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫ج‬‫ع‬ .
5- ‫ت‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ئ‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ئ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬ .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬‫ب‬ :
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫إ‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫آ‬‫ب‬ ‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ :
1- ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ط‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ ‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ض‬ ‫ص‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ة‬
0 ‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ط‬.
2- ‫م‬ ‫ك‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ص‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ .
3- ‫و‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬ .
4- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ف‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ..

) ‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ح‬‫ص‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ( ‫ س‬‫ق‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ : ‫ث‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ث‬‫ا‬

‫أ‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬
‫إ‬‫ز‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬  ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ث‬‫ب‬‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ذ‬
‫م‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ ب‬‫و‬  ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ظ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫ك‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬ :
1- ‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ب‬‫ك‬ ‫ص‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ، ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ؤ‬ .
2- ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ض‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫ت‬ .
3- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬ .
4- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬ .
5- ‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬

‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ص‬ .
6- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ر‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬ .
7- ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫و‬‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬ .
8- ‫ء‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ض‬‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬ .
9- ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ .
10- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ر‬ ‫ئ‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ .
11- ‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ع‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬ .
‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬ .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ل‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  : ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ : ‫أ‬‫و‬
) ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬ ( ‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ ، ‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ص‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ .

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫إ‬ : ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ : ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ : ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ث‬
‫ل‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫خ‬ ‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ، ‫س‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ي‬‫ط‬ ، ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬
‫م‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫و‬  ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ش‬ ‫ع‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬ ... ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫خ‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ر‬
‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫م‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬
‫س‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬ .
‫ي‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬‫ص‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ص‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬  ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫ ت‬‫ض‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬  ‫م‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫غ‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬ ، ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬
 ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ك‬ ‫ء‬‫ص‬  ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬ ‫ك‬‫م‬ ‫ن‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ي‬
‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ .
‫د‬‫ا‬‫خ‬ ‫ط‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫م‬ : ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ -
‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫و‬
) ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ك‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬( ‫ة‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ط‬‫م‬‫ن‬  ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬
‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬ ‫ج‬‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ، ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫و‬
‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬  ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ى‬
‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ك‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬ .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ش‬‫م‬ : ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ -
‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ، ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬
‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ش‬‫م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬

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‫إ‬‫ل‬ ... ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ة‬

‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ص‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ش‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ك‬ .

2- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ب‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫د‬
‫د‬‫و‬ ، ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬  ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫خ‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ، ‫ب‬‫غ‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬‫م‬
‫ب‬‫غ‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ز‬
3- ‫ن‬‫ب‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ : ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ، ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬
، ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ، ‫إ‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ئ‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬
‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ص‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ض‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬
‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬  ‫ك‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ .
4- ‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ : ) ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬ ( ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬
‫م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ص‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ، ‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ .
‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ئ‬‫و‬‫س‬ ، ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ – ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫م‬ : ‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ط‬‫ة‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬ ... ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬
‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ز‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ز‬ ، ‫س‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ش‬‫م‬ ‫و‬ : ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ .
‫س‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫و‬‫و‬‫ب‬ ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫خ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫م‬ : ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ء‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ب‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ، ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫و‬ ، ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬  ‫ص‬‫ة‬‫خ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ء‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ .

‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫اط‬

1- ‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫آ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ : ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫تف‬
‫ت‬‫ش‬‫غ‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ .

2- ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ :

‫ي‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ك‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫و‬ : ‫أ‬‫و‬
‫ب‬‫ـ‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬‫ع‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ئ‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬
‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ة‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬
‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ك‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬ ، ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬
‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫آ‬  ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ب‬ . ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ط‬‫ت‬
‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬
‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬: ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ث‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬ ... ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ، ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬ ، ‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ت‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬
‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ، ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬ ‫ج‬ : ‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ث‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫و‬ ، ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ ‫ ل‬‫ج‬ ‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫ ل‬‫ج‬
‫ل‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ي‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ي‬
‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫م‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ض‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ب‬ ، ‫ص‬‫ة‬‫خ‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ط‬
‫س‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬
‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ط‬ ‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ .
‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬  ‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ : ) ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ( ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ل‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ : ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬  ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ص‬‫ن‬  ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ( ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫ة‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ . ) ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ن‬
( ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ر‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ك‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ر‬
) ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬  ‫م‬

‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ث‬‫ا‬ :
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ن‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ز‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ، ‫ة‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ت‬ ‫خ‬‫ط‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬
‫ل‬ .
‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ ي‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫م‬  ‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫م‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ .

‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ع‬ : ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬

‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ ب‬‫ي‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ ه‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬‫ن‬‫ق‬‫ص‬‫د‬ : ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ج‬ : ‫أ‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫د‬  ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫د‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬
‫و‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ،‫ي‬ ‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ق‬‫ن‬‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ة‬‫ب‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ب‬  ‫ج‬‫ن‬ ‫د‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ ر‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ع‬
‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ، ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬ ‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ك‬  ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ك‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ؤ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫خ‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ، ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ ي‬‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬‫ه‬ ، ‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ض‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬  ‫ ب‬‫ي‬ ، ‫ض‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫خ‬
‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ ، ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ج‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬ ‫ر‬‫ن‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ق‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ج‬ ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ش‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ‫ذ‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬  ‫أ‬‫ص‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ئ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬.
‫ق‬‫ط‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫م‬‫ك‬ : ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ث‬ :
‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫د‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ك‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ أ‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬
‫خ‬ ‫م‬ ‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫غ‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ئ‬‫و‬‫س‬ .
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫ط‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ل‬ ‫ب‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ا‬ : ‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ث‬
‫ب‬‫ي‬‫إ‬‫ي‬‫ج‬ ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ك‬ ‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫إ‬
‫ت‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ع‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ج‬‫ل‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ، ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬  ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ب‬
‫ي‬‫ه‬ ‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ي‬‫ج‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ 
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ : ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ط‬
‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬‫إ‬‫ت‬‫خ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ ت‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ 
‫م‬ ‫د‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬
‫م‬‫ن‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ا‬ :
1- ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫ط‬ ) ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ( : ‫ي‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
 ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ، ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ك‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ و‬‫د‬
‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ / ‫ة‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ش‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬  ‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ك‬‫ و‬‫د‬ ‫ه‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬‫ع‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ي‬  ‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ب‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ع‬ 1920   ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ك‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ، ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬  ‫م‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ل‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ي‬
‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ى‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬

‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ك‬  ‫و‬‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ، ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫م‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ض‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫خ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ز‬‫و‬
‫ت‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫د‬ ، ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ن‬ ‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ن‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ط‬
‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ض‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫ث‬ ، ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ط‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ض‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬  ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ظ‬   ‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ .
2- ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ و‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ب‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ج‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ، ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬ ‫ب‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬  ‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ، ‫ط‬
‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ، ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫د‬ ، ‫ر‬‫ ب‬‫ه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫ث‬‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ب‬
‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ض‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ب‬  ‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ا‬
‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ت‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ .
3- ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ط‬ ‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ت‬ ‫و‬ : ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ط‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ج‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬ ‫ي‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬  ‫ي‬‫ص‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫م‬ ‫ م‬‫د‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬ ‫ث‬ ‫و‬‫م‬ ‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ك‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ ت‬‫ص‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ة‬ ‫ك‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ت‬
‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ل‬ ‫ئ‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫م‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ك‬ ‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ب‬
‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫خ‬ ‫ب‬‫ه‬ ‫ي‬‫ص‬ ‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬  ‫و‬‫ل‬‫ ك‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ م‬‫د‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬‫ت‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ف‬ ‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ة‬  ، ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ي‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ل‬ ‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ك‬ ( ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ص‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫ى‬‫ع‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬‫ض‬‫ه‬ ‫ك‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫إ‬‫خ‬‫ت‬
 ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ ت‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ث‬ ‫ و‬‫ي‬‫ن‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬  )‫م‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ز‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ك‬  ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬
‫ا‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ك‬ ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ز‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ج‬ ‫و‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ط‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫د‬‫خ‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ د‬‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ز‬.

‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬

‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ ‫م‬‫ و‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫ و‬‫د‬

‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬

‫ت‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ا‬ :
‫م‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬ ‫و‬‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ض‬ ‫ ت‬‫ق‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ ل‬‫ص‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ب‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬
‫؟‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬  ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ك‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ث‬ ، ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫د‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ت‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ئ‬‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫خ‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬
‫ي‬ ‫ق‬‫ى‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ ‫ ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬
‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ص‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ي د‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫م‬ ، ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬
‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ي‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ي‬‫ج‬ ‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ب‬ ‫ن‬‫ق‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ة‬
‫ي‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫ت‬‫م‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ز‬‫ي‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ط‬ .

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