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GAME OF THRONES’
EPIC FINALE
LENA HEADEY INTERVIEW, AND EVERYTHING YOU SHOULD KNOW
ABOUT THE UPCOMING GAME OF THRONES SEASON 8
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destinations
humaines
édito sommaire N° 798 / Du 21 mars 3 avril 2019

NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.
AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Game of Thrones tire sa À la une

 C1-C2 Lena Headey has her own power moves
révérence THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
L’interprète de Cersei Lannister dans la série Game of Thrones se confie.
Après des années de bons et loyaux services, les
héros du royaume des Sept Couronnes s’apprêtent
à livrer leur dernière bataille sur le petit écran.
 A2-B1 Focus .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Les Stark, les Lannister et Daenerys Targaryen

triompheront-ils contre les Marcheurs Blancs ? Qui
 A2-B1 Zoom sur .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
survivra à cette surprenante alliance ?

Société
Débarquée avec fracas sur la chaîne américaine Who Knew Ontario Speaks French? THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ........... 11
 B2-C1
HBO en 2011, Game of Thrones, basée sur la saga Dans la province canadienne de l’Ontario, la communauté francophone se

romanesque de George R. R. Martin, s’est très vite fait entendre.
imposée comme la série de la décennie. Rebondisse-
ments inattendus (1 243 morts lors des six premières  B2-C1 The slow adoption of the zip THE ECONOMIST (UK) ........................................................ 13
saisons), protagonistes complexes prêts à tout pour Histoire d’une invention qui a révolutionné notre quotidien.

s’emparer du pouvoir, intrigues amoureuses et
batailles grandioses sur toile de fond médiévale et  A2-B1 Sur le vif ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
fantastique, il n’en fallait pas plus pour conquérir
les téléspectateurs du monde entier. Qu’on soit
accro aux séries ou pas, impossible d’échapper au PRATIC’ABLE �� 17
phénomène Game of Thrones. Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
Diffusée à partir du 14 avril aux États-Unis (et comme un anglophone
La grossesse / Pourriez-vous réussir le célèbre examen d’anglais Cambridge
du 15 en France sur la chaîne OCS), la huitième et
English B2 First ? / Jeux de mots
dernière saison de la série-événement a déjà fait
couler beaucoup d’encre. Les précautions maximales
prises par la production pour éviter les spoilers et
les déclarations des acteurs concernant le destin de
 A2-B1 À 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
leurs personnages respectifs n’ont fait qu’éveiller

notre curiosité. Depuis plusieurs mois déjà, les Enjeux
spéculations vont bon train. Acteurs, producteurs et
 B2-C1 The Green New Deal, shaping the race for president
LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) 22
réalisateurs nous promettent une fin « sanglante » ..............................................................................................................................................................................
L’ambitieux projet environnemental des Démocrates.

qui, d’après l’actrice Gwendoline Christie (Brienne
de Torth) nous conduira directement chez le psy ! Le
budget titanesque investi dans cette dernière saison
 C1-C2 IKEA is moving to the high street THE ECONOMIST (UK) ................................... 24
Ikea met le cap sur les centres villes.

– 15 millions de dollars par épisode – confirme un
départ en beauté, à l’image du démarrage de la série.
Culture
Bonne lecture !  C1-C2 Jeff Koons interview THE GUARDIAN (UK) ............................................................................................. 26
Rencontre avec le trublion de l’art contemporain.
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur
 B2-C1 Disney goes back to the future THE ECONOMIST (UK) .............................................. 28
Au cinéma, Disney revisite ses classiques.
BONUS  A2-B1 Les échos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Découverte
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3  B2-C1 Your Sweat Will See You Now THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) .................................... 31.
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O. Le nouveau patch connecté qui analyse notre transpiration.
pour améliorer votre compréhension
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des  A2-B1 Five smart things honeybees can do THE GUARDIAN (UK) ........................... 33.
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture L’intelligence des abeilles en cinq points.
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Photo de couverture : Helen Sloan / HBO
Grand L’actualité en images
angle
(Jennifer Rubell / Photo: Ryan Maxwell Photography)

ETATS-UNIS
IVANKA, THE NEW MUSE
Ivanka, nouvelle muse
Last month, a new art exhibit depicting Ivanka Trump pushing a vacuum cleaner was
shown at the Flashpoint Gallery, a museum in Washington DC. The performance piece,
called “Ivanka Vacuuming,” was conceived by the artist Jennifer Rubell. Viewers were
invited to throw breadcrumbs in the path of an Ivanka Trump look-alike, dressed in an
Washington DC
outfit drawn entirely from Trump’s own clothing line, and pushing a professional
vacuum cleaner over a fuchsia carpet. A text description of the work in the gallery
described Ivanka Trump as “a figure whose public persona incorporates an almost
comically wide range of feminine identities – daughter, wife, mother, sister, model,
working woman, blonde”. Her father, U.S. President Donald Trump, and her brothers
Jennifer Rubell Donald Trump Jr and Eric Trump, called the exhibit a sexist attempt to humiliate her.
Jennifer Rubell, born in 1970, is an Ivanka Trump preferred to address the controversy by tweeting: “Women can choose to
American conceptual artist known knock each other down or build each other up. I choose the latter.”
for her participatory sculpture,
video, and food performances. Her exhibit exposition / to depict représenter / vacuum cleaner aspirateur / performance piece ici, performance
work centres on the viewer’s
physical interaction with the object. scénique / breadcrumb miette de pain / path chemin, voie; ici, ...in the path of... devant... / look-alike sosie / outfit
tenue / persona personnalité; ici, image / wide large / range éventail / attempt tentative / to address aborder; ici,
viewer spectateur. répondre à / to knock down démolir, rabaisser / latter dernier, deuxième (option).
4 • VOCABLE Du 21 mars au 3 avril 2019

On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
Ceux qui font l'actu
George Pell
Cardinal George Pell, the former Vatican treasur-
er and top adviser to Pope Francis, was found
guilty of molesting two choirboys in the 1990s by
the Australian County Court of Victoria. Months
of judicial proceedings that were kept out of the
news media by a strict gag order preceded the
hearing. The 77-year-old Australian Clergyman is
expected to be sentenced within the next few
weeks. He is the highest ranking Catholic official
to be found guilty of sexual abuse on children
and technically faces up to 50 years in prison. He
has always maintained his innocence.
treasurer trésorier / top adviser proche conseiller / to be found
guilty of être reconnu coupable de / to molest agresser
(sexuellement) / choirboy enfant de chœur / County Court Tribunal
de Comté / judicial proceedings procédures judiciaires / gag order
ordonnance de non-publication (décision de justice visant à interdire à
la presse de publier tout article relatif à une affaire) / hearing
audience (tribunal) / to sentence condamner / highest ranking
ayant le rang le plus élevé, le plus haut placé / to face ici, risquer / to
(SIPA)
maintain affirmer.
(Mark Thomas/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
(SIPA)
(SIPA)
Jody Wilson-Raybould Jagmeet Singh Gavin Shuker

Last month, Canada’s former minister of justice Jagmeet Singh, the leader of Canada’s New In the United Kingdom, Gavin Shuker has been
and attorney general Jody Wilson-Raybould, Democratic party, has won a critical by- selected by his peers to represent their newly
gave a long-awaited testimony before the election in the city of Burnaby, and will take formed group of Independent MPs, until they
country’s justice committee. She stated that up a seat in the House of Commons. This elect a leader and become a political party at
senior officials close to Prime Minister Justin victory sealed his position as the undisputed the end of the year. The Independent Group of
Trudeau had lobbied her when she was in power leader of the NDP. Jagmeet Singh is the first MPs was formed in February after eight
to dissuade her from prosecuting a Canadian non-white leader of a major party in Canada. former Labour MPs and three ex-Conservative
engineering company accused of fraud and After his victory, he pledged to fight for MPs resigned from their parties, disappointed
bribery. The Globe and Mail revealed the affair in Canada’s middle class and against in the government’s handling of Brexit and
February and Wilson-Raybould resigned from xenophobia in the country. Labour’s stance on Brexit and anti-Semitism.
the cabinet. There have now been calls for Gavin Shuker has been unanimously elected
by-election élection partielle / House of
Justin Trudeau to resign over the scandal. as their convener.
Commons Chambre des communes (chambre basse
attorney general procureure générale / long-awaited du Parlement) / to seal ici, consolider / undisputed peer pair, homologue / MP = Member of
tant attendu / to state affirmer, déclarer / senior official incontesté / to pledge s’engager à. Parliament, membre du parlement, député /
haut responsable / to lobby exercer des pressions sur / to Labour parti travailliste / disappointed déçu /
prosecute poursuivre en justice / engineering (d’) handling gestion / stance position / convener ici,
ingénierie / bribery corruption / to resign démissionner / représentant.
cabinet conseil des ministres, gouvernement / call appel,
demande / over ici, à cause de.
VOCABLE Du 21 mars au 3 avril 2019 •5

À la une Game of Thrones in numbers

I Séries I ETATS-UNIS I  C2
8 seasons 9 countries where

filming happens 16.5 million US viewers for
season 7 finale
THE NEW YORK TIMES JEREMY EGNER
LENA HEADEY
HAS HER OWN
POWER MOVES
Lena Headey, itinéraire d'une actrice
audacieuse (power move coup de force)
Lena Headey as Cersei Lannister in the upcoming

season 8 of Game of Thrones. (Helen Sloan / HBO)
Le 15 avril prochain, nous découvrirons le premier épisode de la huitième et dernière 2. One quality the actress does share with
saison de la série phénomène Game of Thrones. Après des années de combats, de her most famous character: She doesn’t
complots, de trahisons et d’intrigues amoureuses, les survivants du Royaume des suffer fools, especially reporters foolish
Sept Couronnes s’apprêtent à livrer leur dernière bataille. Cersei Lannister finira-t- enough to ask for details about the obses-
elle par l’emporter ? Lena Headey, qui interprète l’impitoyable reine, se confie. sively secretive show’s Season 8, beginning
W
next month on HBO. With just six episodes
remaining, this sprawling fantasy epic has
entered its climactic stretch. For Cersei, the
EST YORKSHIRE, England charming villages and no observable traffic Season 6 finale and Season 7 solidified her
— “Are you (expletive) serious laws. The back is filled with carseats and status as one of its most captivating char-
right now?” Lena Headey is incredulous, an mommish detritus, signs of a bountiful acters. And for the woman who plays her,
amused smile curving lips best known for family life decidedly at odds with that of it came at the beginning of a frenetic stretch
sneering as Cersei Lannister on Game of Cersei, one of the most persecuted (and that saw her get engaged, a few years after
Thrones. She is piloting her black Land vindictive) characters on a show known for a divorce left her reeling, and relocate her
Rover through the narrow, twisty roads of baroque miseries.
her native West Yorkshire, a realm of
2. not to suffer fools (lightly) n'avoir aucune patience

traffic laws code de la route / carseat siège auto / pour les imbéciles / secretive secret, mystérieux /
1. expletive juron (non retranscrit) / right now ici, là / mommish ici, typique du quotidien d'une mère de sprawling vaste / epic épopée, grande fresque /
to curve courber ici, retrousser / to sneer ricaner, famille / bountiful ici, bien rempli, épanouissant / climactic d’une extrême intensité dramatique / stretch
sourire d'un air méprisant / to pilot conduire, decidedly résolument / to be at odds with être aux ici, période, partie / to solidify consolider / to get, got,
manœuvrer / narrow étroit / twisty tortueux / realm antipodes de / show ici, série (télévisée) / misery got engaged se fiancer / reeling sous le choc, éprouvé /
contrée / souffrance(s). to relocate déménager /
6 • VOCABLE Du 21 mars au 3 avril 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
173 The second episode of season 5 was simulcast

to 173 different countries and territories 239 awards and
nominations 540 characters killed
on-screen in season 6
Lena Headey
as Cersei
Lannister in
the season 6
of Game of G.O.T AUDITION
Thrones. (2016
Home Box Office) 5. She spent the 1990s and early 2000s ap-
pearing in films notable (The Remains of the
Day, The Jungle Book) and forgotten ( The
Parole Officer), as well as a string of British
television series. Her most high-profile part
came in 2007 as a strong-willed queen in
Zack Snyder’s 300. She later reprised the
role in a sequel, but it was a little-seen indie
film from 2010 called Pete Smalls Is Dead
that had the more lasting effect. During
filming, her co-star Peter Dinklage men-
tioned “this mad thing” he was reading for
HBO, adding that “there’s this great part
for his sister, who’s this incestuous psycho-
path,” Headey recalled. “I thought she would
be a good fit for Cersei because anyone as
funny as Lena is can also plumb the darkest
depths,” Dinklage, who plays Cersei’s he-
roic brother Tyrion, wrote in an email. “The
two always go hand in hand.”
Lena Headey as 6. In auditions for Game of Thrones, Headey

Cersei Lannister separated herself, the creators David Benioff
and Nikolaj and D.B. Weiss explained in a joint email, by
Coster-Waldau
as her brother, straying “far from the Evil Ice Queen stereo-
Jaime, in the type,” and capturing the internal tension of
season 6 of
Game of a woman destined for privilege, subjugation
Thrones. (2016 and loss in equal measure. “Lena was the only
Home Box Office, Inc.)
one who conveyed the discomfort that comes
with being Cersei — the sense of perpetual
family from Los Angeles, where she lived 4. For all of their rustic charms, the vil- scrutiny and besiegement that comes with
for 12 years, to a tiny village near where she lages of Yorkshire were less than nurturing her position in the world, a position she
grew up, roughly 180 miles northwest of for a young girl with artistic aspirations. never chose,” they wrote.
London. In high school, she said, she told a guidance
counselor she hoped to become an actor, 7. While Cersei is known for her acid tongue
‘A YORKSHIRE LASS’ only to be told that she should instead work and signature lines (“You win or you die”; >>>
3. To understand why Headey, 45, felt the in a shop “to get the social aspect you’re
pull of home after more than 20 years away, craving.” Nevertheless she persisted, and a
it helps to get a look at the place, at the national theater competition in London 5. The Remains of the Day (VF) Les Vestiges du jour (de J.
magnificent swaths of countryside, stitched brought Headey, then 17, to the attention of Ivory) / The Jungle Book (VF) Le Livre de la jungle (de S.
Sommers) / string kyrielle, série / high-profile ici,
together with hedgerows and ancient stone Susie Figgis, a noted casting director. She remarqué / part rôle / strong-willed volontaire,
walls. “This made up a part of me when I cast her in Waterland, a 1992 literary adap- opiniâtre / to reprise endosser de nouveau / sequel suite,
was born,” she said as we drove through tation starring Jeremy Irons and Ethan nouveau film / to be a good fit for convenir, être un bon
villages with names like Kirkburton and Hawke, and soon the country girl was off candidat pour (ici, le rôle de) / to plumb the (darkest)
Thunder Bridge. “I’m a Yorkshire lass in my to London. depths flirter avec les facettes les plus sombres (de l'être
soul and in my heart.” humain) / to go, went, gone hand in hand aller de pair.
6. to stray from s'éloigner, s'écarter de / subjugation
assujettissement / in equal measure à parts égales /
4. for all malgré / nurturing ici, épanouissant, propice to convey exprimer, faire passer / discomfort
/ guidance counselor conseiller d'orientation / to (sentiment de) malaise / sense sentiment / scrutiny
roughly environ / mile = 1,609 km. crave désirer ardemment, aspirer à / competition surveillance / besiegement état de siège ici,
3. lass fille / pull attraction, appel / magnificent concours / noted célèbre, réputé / to cast, cast, cast sentiment d'oppression.
splendide / swath étendue / to stitch coudre ici, choisir (pour un rôle) / to star avoir pour vedette(s) / 7. acid tongue esprit mordant / signature typique,
assembler / hedgerow haie / ancient très ancien. to be off s'en aller, partir. caractéristique / line ici, réplique /

À la une I Séries I ETATS-UNIS I  C2

SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez une interview de l’actrice Maisie Williams,
qui interprète Arya Stark dans la série Game of Thrones,
et testez votre comprehension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
>>> “Power is power”), some of her most mem-

orable moments feature few words. These
include the walk of shame and her explosive
coup d'état in Season 6, in which her rivals
assembled inside the Great Sept, expecting
to persecute Cersei, only to be incinerated
when she blew up the church instead. “She
can do more with a look than most of us
can with a couple pages of dialogue,” said
Conleth Hill, who plays the cagey eunuch
Varys.
‘WE LOVE A GOOD BACKLASH’

8. At least once a week, generally, Headey
takes a train to London for meetings, voice-
over work and other bill-paying endeavors.
The morning after our Yorkshire tour, she
Peter Dinklage, who plays Tyrion Lannister in
took the two-hour ride through farmland Game of Thrones, and Lena Headey attend
so she could voice a Mercedes ad. She had the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards,
picked me up early, and we made a Star- September 2015. (Alex Berliner/AP/SIPA)
bucks stop that turned into an impromptu
selfie session with the drive-through work- neling Septa Unella, the malignant nun 10. Headey is matter-of-fact about “the boys’
ers. Starring on the biggest television show who scolded Cersei during her infamous club” that dominates the entertainment
in the world brings plenty of such over- walk of atonement through Kings Landing industry. “You grow up in it, and you learn
tures. But most common are fans chan- in Season 5. (“Shame! Shame!”) to infiltrate it,” she said, though sometimes
it’s not so easy. As a young actress, she
9. She is still baffled by faced pressure to sleep with
to feature comporter, inclure / walk of shame
criticism she received from powerful men, she said,
marche de la honte / Great Sept Grand Septuaire de
Baelor, centre religieux du royaume / to blow, blew, fans for using a body double As evil queen adding that “I never played
for that scene, which she t he game.” These days
blown up faire exploser / cagey prudent, circonspect.
did, she said, to focus on the
roles come things are different — star-
8. voice-over voix off, hors champ / bill-paying lit.
permettant de payer les factures, alimentaire / emotions of the moment rolling in, she ring on a global phenome-
endeavor (US) = endeavour (GB) ici, projet / tour rather than on being naked is instead non will do that for you. As
as a mob pelted her with
developing her she plots out her post-
visite / ride ici, trajet / ad = advertisement publicité /
to pick up ici, aller chercher / drive-through drive-in garbage. But such real-world Thrones path, she is using
(où l'on est servi dans sa voiture) / overture demande
ici, événement / to channel ici, imiter /
shaming is par for the own films. the opportunity to make
c o u r s e w it h Ga me of sure she is the one shaping
Thrones, a hot-take magnet the message. As evil queen
for its occasionally stunning moments of roles come rolling in, she is instead devel-
violence, cruelty and, most controversial, oping her own films. These include a dream
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE scenes of sexual violence. “We love a good project about Grace O’Malley, a female
backlash,” Headey quipped. pirate in 16th-century Ireland. She also
hopes to create more opportunities for fe-
Prononciation male filmmakers, she said, and also do
Devant une voyelle, "u" peut se some directing herself. l
malignant méchant / nun nonne / to scold
prononcer [w] :
réprimander, tancer / infamous marqué d’infâmie /
 quality [kwol it ee]
atonement expiation / Kings Landing (VF) Port-Réal.
 quantity [kwon tit ee]
 question [kwest tchun] 9. baffled déconcerté / body double doublure / mob
 acquisition [akwiz ishun] foule (agitée) / to pelt bombarder, jeter / garbage
 quote [kwo t] détritus, ordures / shaming humiliation / to be par for 10. matter-of-fact détaché / entertainment
the course ne rien avoir d'inhabituel / hot-take industry industrie du divertissement, du spectacle / to
ou ne pas se prononcer : sensationnaliste / magnet aimant ici, série qui tire sa face ici, faire l'objet de / to plot out préparer / path
 build [bild] popularité de... / occasionally parfois / stunning trajectoire ici, plan de carrière / to shape façonner,
 guardian [gar dee un] spectaculaire / backlash ici, réactions négatives, tollé / élaborer / to come, came, come rolling in affluer /
to quip railler, ironiser. directing mise en scène, réalisation.
I Séries I ETATS-UNIS
A sneak peek of
Focus Game of Thrones Season 8
(sneak peek aperçu en avant-première)
IN NUMBERS
THE OPENING SCENE Season eight will be made up
The season will begin with
Daenerys Targaryen and Jon Snow
6 of only six episodes.
Showrunners David Benioff
arriving in Winterfell. Various and D. B. Weiss originally wanted to
characters, some of whom have release three feature-length movies,
never previously met, will then rather than six episodes, but HBO
“intermingle as they all prepare to went against the decision.
face the inevitable invasion of the to make, made, made up constituer,
Army of the Dead.” composer / showrunner personne
previously précédemment, chargée de gérer l’ensemble du
jusque-là / to intermingle processus de production d’une série
interagir / to face affronter, télévisée / to release sortir, produire /
faire face à. feature-length (en) long métrage,
version longue / HBO chaîne de
télévision payante américaine / to go,
went, gone against sth s’opposer à
qqch.
80 to 90
(Helen Sloan / HBO)
Each episode is expected to run

for around 80 to 90 minutes,
instead of the usual 60 minutes.
DIRECTORS FAKE SCENES to be expected to devoir (selon les
prévisions) / to run, ran, run ici, durer.
David Nutter – best known for directing the Producers went to great lengths to shield the season
infamous “Red Wedding” – returns to direct three from spoilers. This includes directors shooting fake scenes
episodes, including the premiere. “Battle of the
Bastards” director Miguel Sapochnik returns for
and no paper on the set. Scripts were accessed through
iPads with differing security, including for the actors.
$15 million
episodes three and five, while David Benioff and D. fake faux, bidon / to go, went, gone to great lengths se Each episode cost a rumoured $15
B. Weiss will direct the very last episode of their donner beaucoup de mal / to shield protéger (shield million to produce.
show. bouclier) / spoiler informations révélant la fin d’une histoire rumoured selon les rumeurs.
director réalisateur / infamous tristement célèbre, infâme / ou des rebondissements, gâchant ainsi l’effet de surprise (to
$500,000
Red Wedding Noces Pourpres (épisode 9 de la saison 3, spoil gâcher) / to shoot, shot, shot filmer, tourner / set
particulièrement sanglant) / premiere ici, premier épisode / plateau (de tournage) / script scénario, script / differing
show ici, série. différent, changeant.
There have been claims that
Emilia Clarke (Daenerys
THE FINALE Targaryen), Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
(Jamie Lannister), Peter Dinklage
Sophie Turner: “It’s going to be bloodier and (Tyrion Lannister), Kit Harrington
(Jon Snow) and Lena Headey
more death and more emotionally torturous (Cersei Lannister) all received
than all the years before.” $500,000 per episode.
claim ici, rumeur.
Peter Dinklage:
Emilia Clarke: “[The showrunners] One major battle, filmed
“It f**ked me up.
Knowing that is
end it brilliantly. It
ends beautifully for
55 at the Moneyglass Base
in Northern Ireland over
going to be a 55 days, is expected to take
my character – place during this season. Peter
(Helen Sloan / HBO)
(Helen Sloan / HBO)
lasting flavour in whether it be Dinklage said the scene “makes

someone’s tragic or not.” ‘Battle of the Bastards’ look like a
mouth of what theme park.”
Daenerys is…” Battle of the Bastards (VF) Bataille
finale ici, bouquet final, fin / It f**ked me up (vulg.) ça m’a complètement sciée / to be a lasting flavour in sb’s des bâtards (avant-dernier épisode de
mouth marquer durablement l’esprit de qqn / bloody sanglant / torturous pénible, atroce / brilliantly la saison 6) / theme park parc
magistralement, magnifiquement. d’attractions.

À la une
Z om sur...
La personnalité de la quinzaine à la loupe
George R. R. Martin
Six choses à savoir sur George R. R. Martin, auteur de la saga Le Trône de
4 A Song of Ice and Fire
He began writing his Song of Ice and
Fire epic fantasy series in 1991. To date,
he has published five out of a planned
Fer, à l’origine de la série télévisée Game of Thrones. seven volumes. He has been writing The Winds
of Winter, the sixth book, since 2011. “It is not so
much a novel as a dozen novels. So it’s very,
very challenging.”
1 Writing beginnings
2 Jobs A Song of Ice and Fire (VF) Le Trône de fer / epic
He began writing as a child, in He studied journalism at grandiose, spectaculaire / to date à ce jour / novel
roman / challenging difficile.
Bayonne, New Jersey, selling monster Northwestern University in Illinois.
5
stories to other children for pennies. Before becoming a full time writer in
He then discovered comic books and became 1979, he worked as a chess tournament director Hollywood
passionate about science fiction. In high school, and as a teacher, writing and selling short He worked on several Hollywood TV
he started writing superhero stories for fanzines. stories on the side. shows including The Twilight Zone and
penny = cent (pièce de chess échecs / tournament tournoi, championnat / the CBS series Beauty and the Beast as
monnaie dont la short story nouvelle / on the side comme à-côté, en a story editor and producer. In 2007, HBO
valeur est d’un plus (de son activité principale). optioned his already bestselling series A Song of
centième de Ice and Fire for a television adaptation, Game of
3
dollar) / comic Thrones, which premiered in 2011. He was
book album de
Inspirations heavily involved in the production of TV show
BD.
In middle school, he encountered and took part in the scriptwriting.
Tolkien, who “blew [his] mind” and
“had an enormous influence on [him].” story editor scénariste / to option prendre une
Game of Thrones was loosely inspired by option sur les droits de / to premiere ici, être diffusé
pour la première fois / heavily beaucoup, fortement.
accounts of the wars of the Roses. “My model
for this was the four-volume history of the
Plantagenets that Thomas B Costain wrote in
the 50s. It’s oldfashioned history: he’s not
interested in analysing socioeconomic
trends so much as the wars and
the murders and the plots
and the betrayals, all the
juicy stuff.”
(Monica Almeida/The New York Times)

middle school (aux É.-U.)
correspond à la fin de
l’école primaire et au début
du collège (de 9 à 13 ans) /
to blow, blew, blown
sb’s mind « bluffer »,
impressionner qqn /
loosely ici, librement /
account récit / wars of
the Roses Guerre des
Deux-Roses (série de
guerres civiles en
6
Angleterre entre la
maison de Lancastre Fame
et la maison d’York He has sold 90m copies of his books
pendant la 2nde moitié worldwide. His famous fans include
du XVe siècle) / old writers Margaret Atwood and Neil
fashioned ici, à Gaiman. His net worth is believed to be about
l’ancienne / trend $65 million. His book sales have allowed him to
tendance / plot buy a cinema in Santa Fe, near where he lives,
intrigue / betrayal fund a scholarship for aspiring fantasy writers
trahison / all the and support a wolf sanctuary in New Mexico.
juicy stuff tout copy exemplaire / net worth valeur nette (fortune) /
l’aspect sensationnel. to fund financer / scholarship bourse (d’études) /
aspiring qui ambitionne de devenir / sanctuary ici,
(SIPA)
refuge.

Société I Francophonie I CANADA I  B2-C1

NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Théodore McLauchlin, professeur agrégé de l’Université de
Montréal, n’est pas français mais travaille en français. Il nous
parle des minorités linguistiques au Canada.
Sudbury
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
250 MILES
Hudson Bay
CANADA
QUEBEC
ONTARIO
Quebec City
(The New York Times)

Sudbury
U.S. Toronto Atlantic

Ocean
THE NEW YORK TIMES
The city of Sudbury is known for its large bilingual francophone population. (Tara Walton/The New York Times)
THE NEW YORK TIMES IAN AUSTEN
WHO KNEW ONTARIO

SPEAKS FRENCH?
Qui savait que l'on parlait français en Ontario ?
En novembre dernier, Doug Ford, le Premier Ministre de l’Ontario, l’une des dix provinces du Canada, annonçait l’abolition du
Commissariat aux services en français et l’annulation du projet d’une université francophone. Depuis, l’importante communauté
francophone de la région est très remontée...
S UDBURY, Ontario — When Doug Ford,

the premier of Ontario, canceled plans
for a French language university and cut the
post of provincial commissioner for French
in Canada’s most populous province. But he may
have also unintentionally done them a favor by
reminding the world that there are vibrant
French-speaking Canadian communities, some
2. “I’ve been told so many times in my life: ‘Oh,
there are francophones in Ontario?'” said
Denise Truax, the co-director and editor of a
French-language book publisher in Sudbury,
language affairs, he angered francophones living dating back 400 years, outside of Quebec. Ontario, adding that the comment often comes
from French-speaking Quebecers. “I was being
told this 50 years ago and it’s still happening. >>>
1. premier premier ministre (du gouvernement d'une
province) / to cancel annuler / to cut, cut, cut ici, populous peuplé / to remind rappeler à / to date back
supprimer / commissioner commissaire / to anger remonter (à).
2. editor directeur(-trice) de publication / publisher
provoquer la colère de / éditeur / comment remarque /
VOCABLE Du 21 mars au 3 avril 2019 • 11

Société Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
>>> So even if this doesn’t mean that people will 6. Exactly how many
know us better,” she said, referring to Ford’s French speakers there
moves, “it might have scratched at that patina are among Ontario’s 14
of ignorance.” million people is not en-
tirely clear. Statistics
FORD DOESN’T KNOW Canada, the federal cen-
3. Ford, a populist Conservative, was among sus agency, counted
those Canadians who appeared to have a shaky 550,000 in 2016. Jolin’s
grasp about the population of Ontario that group, which uses a dif-
speaks French as their mother tongue. While ferent definition, puts it
running for the leadership of his party last year, at 744,000. Since Britain
Ford, who is unilingual, said in an interview that defeated French forces in
it would be ideal to know French because “I love Quebec City in 1759 to
Quebec. I love Quebecers. They’re passionate.” take control of what be-
came Canada, there have
4. In November, after announcing the cuts, Ford often been tensions over
then compared the francophone community in language, virulent anti- Ontario Premier, Doug Ford. (SIPA)
Ontario — whose language rights are protected French campaigns and a legacy of discrimina- able to attend all of high school in French. The
by both Canada’s constitution and language laws tion and prejudice. Among Canada’s 36 million now-abandoned plan to build a French-lan-
— to Chinese and Italian immigrants. The result people, French speakers total 6.8 million in guage university in Toronto, which was cre-
has been anger from across Canada, and those Quebec with another 1 million living outside the ated by the previous Liberal government, was
condemning the cuts include Prime Minister province. In Quebec, English speakers number widely seen as the final step in a campaign
Justin Trudeau. François Legault, the current about 700,000. dating back to 1890.
premier of Quebec province, soundly criticized
the cuts in Ontario as well — even though, his- 7. Whatever the number, Ontario’s French- 10. Like many francophone Ontarians, Miville’s
torically, Quebec politicians have been reluctant speaking residents tend to be concentrated in unaccented and fluent English hides his French-
to speak out in support of Ontario’s French minor- eastern Ontario near the Quebec border, in language upbringing in Smooth Rock Falls, a
ity. That is in part because of concerns that could southwestern Ontario communities that were former pulp mill town with a large French
encourage similar messages of support for the founded during the French colonial era and in population. But like many other francophone
English-speaking minority in their own province. sparsely settled northern Ontario, particularly Ontarians, he makes no attempt to hide his
Sudbury. Jobs created by logging and mining, frustration with Ford’s cuts. “I thought we were
PROTESTS combined with the opening of a transcontinen- over this. I thought that that’s what Canada is:
5. If Ford once knew little about the province’s tal railway in the 19th century, drew settlers from a bilingual country in which the francophone
French speaking community, that’s not likely Quebec to Sudbury. group is on equal footing as the Anglophone
the case now. In December, protests swept com- group. I thought that was a Canadian value.” l
munities with francophone populations. Long LIVING “EN FRANÇAIS”
used to battling the province, including a suc- 8. Truax, whose company publishes books by
9. to attend suivre (études, scolarité) / step ici, étape.
cessful effort nearly 100 years ago to repeal the French Canadian authors from outside Quebec,
10. upbringing éducation, par ext. enfance / former
law banning French teaching in school, the said that she is largely able to lead her life in ancien / pulp mill usine de pâte à papier / to be over sth
leaders of several groups of French speakers said French in Sudbury even if it’s not always easy. en avoir fini avec qqch. / to be on equal footing être sur
they are now organizing new efforts. They in- “The language that I speak has got a poor status un pied d'égalité (avec); ici, avoir les mêmes droits que.
clude a legal challenge to reverse the provincial or standing in Ontario. Not only the language,
government’s latest plan. it’s also the culture,” said Truax, 64. “Because of
that, here are many small daily battles to be won
if I want to live en français.” SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
move ici, décision, initiative / to scratch égratigner (ici,
fig.).
9. Many of those battles in Ontario have been
3. shaky faible, vague / to have, had, had a grasp Quelques
about sth avoir une bonne connaissance de qqch / around education. Truax is from the first gen- éclaircissements sur le
mother tongue langue maternelle / to run, ran, run for eration of francophone Ontarians who were
être candidat à; ici, faire campagne pour / leadership temps des verbes
direction / unilingual monolingue. I’ve been told this so many times in
4. cut ici, coupe budgétaire / soundly profondément, 6. census recensement / to defeat vaincre / legacy my life. (§ 2)  forme passive pour
intensément / reluctant réticent, peu disposé / to héritage / prejudice préjugé / to number représenter (en parler de quelque chose qui s'est
speak, spoke, spoken out se prononcer / concern nombre d'habitants). répété à plusieurs reprises dans le
inquiétude. passé et qui se poursuit aujourd’hui.
7. border frontière / to found fonder, établir / sparsely
5. protest manifestation / to sweep, swept, swept ici, peu, faiblement / settled peuplé / logging abattage, I was being told this 50 years ago. (§
se propager (chez) / to battle lutter contre, tenir tête à / exploitation du bois / to draw, drew, drawn ici, conduire, 2)  forme passive pour parler de
to repeal abroger / legal challenge recours mener / settler colon. quelque chose qui s'est répété à
juridictionnel / to reverse ici, annuler. plusieurs reprises dans le passé et
8. to lead, led, led mener. qui est aujourd’hui terminé.
Société I Histoire du vêtement I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Notre animatrice Shelly De Vito fait le lien entre fermeture éclair et littérature.
Elle nous parle du roman Le Meilleur des mondes d’Aldous Huxley.
THE ECONOMIST
THE SLOW ADOPTION

OF THE ZIP
L'adoption progressive de la fermeture éclair
Si la fermeture éclair n’a jamais vraiment acquis ses lettres de noblesse, contrairement à d’autres inventions
telles que l’ampoule électrique de Thomas Edison ou le téléphone d’Alexander Graham Bell, elle a pourtant
complètement révolutionné notre quotidien. Retour sur l’histoire d’un astucieux dispositif qui a fait de nos
séances d'essayage un jeu d’enfant.
(Istock)
I t is a little bit of magic. A gesture up and
a seam comes together. A gesture down
and a garment comes apart. The zip was one
of the later fruits of the Industrial Revolution,
EYE EYE
3. That the zip is relatively new, and was slow
to spread, fits into the broader history of
fastening. It is an arena where innovation
“AN UNLIKELY INVENTION”
4. The Universal Fastener Company of Chi-
cago was built around an innovation by
Whitcomb Judson, an oddball whose main
and one that was slow to ripen: the internal has been slow and fitful—surprisingly so, obsession was developing a pneumatic street-
combustion engine, the turbine and the light perhaps, given peoples’ perennial need for car driven by compressed air. He imagined
bulb spread across the world much faster. But clothes and luggage and their attachment to using a sliding guide to pull together a line
the zip, too, has become ubiquitous—and in modesty and warmth. In 14th-century Brit- of hooks and a line of eyes on a boot, a notion
a much more intimate way. Those magic ain, the earliest ancestor of the zip showed that he patented in 1893. Alas, the two sides
gestures have meaning. up: the hook and eye. Their appeal lay in of Judson’s zip proved liable to come apart
fastening two edges smoothly, with no need rather easily, defeating its purpose. Judson >>>
2. In 2017 the global zip market was reckoned for them to overlap, as buttons require, or to
to be worth $11.2 billion, bigger than the be obviously laced. Mark Twain patented a
market for condoms. It is predicted to reach hook-and-eye clasp on stretchy material in 4. oddball original / main principal / to develop
concevoir, construire / streetcar tramway / to
$19.8 billion by 2024. It is not growing be- 1871. It was in that same era of unparalleled
compress comprimer / sliding guide glissière / alas
cause of exciting new uses, just because of American industrial creativity that the zip hélas / to prove s'avérer / liable to susceptible de,
more luggage and clothes: a boom in cheap, was first produced. Robert Friedel, who has enclin à / rather plutôt; ici, trop / to defeat the
disposable fashion and developing-world written a history of the zip, calls it “an un- purpose aller à l'encontre du but recherché /
demand for Western-style clothing. likely invention”.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE

1. seam couture / to come, came, come together se 3. eye eye réf. à hook and eye; aussi, réf. à "aye
rassembler/ici, fermer / garment vêtement / to come, aye"= "oui" / to fit into s'inscrire dans / broad ici,
came, come apart ici, s'ouvrir / late tardif, dernier / to global / fastening fermeture / arena domaine / fitful Des consonnes que
ripen mûrir; ici, se propager, être adopté / engine irrégulier / given au vu de, étant donné / people ici, l'on n'entend pas !
moteur / (light) bulb ampoule (électrique) / to peuple / perennial de tout temps / modesty ici, The silent "t"
spread, spread, spread se propager/généraliser / pudeur / warmth ici, confort (avoir chaud) / century
across à travers, partout dans / ubiquitous siècle / early ici, premier / to show, showed, showed  fastening (§ 3) [fass un ing]
omniprésent / way façon, manière. or shown up apparaître / hook and eye agrafe (hook  listen [liss un]
crochet et eye chas) / appeal attrait, intérêt / to lie,  castle [kass ul]
2. global mondial / to reckon ici, estimer / to be
worth valoir / billion milliard / condom préservatif / lay, lain résider / edge bord / smoothly ici, de The silent "p"
to reach atteindre / by ici, d'ici (à) / luggage bagages manière (quasi) invisible / to overlap se superposer /  pneumatic (§ 4) [new matik]
/ cheap bon marché / disposable jetable, à usage obviously ici, visiblement / to patent faire breveter /
 psychology [s eye kol a gee]
unique; ici, facilement remplaçable / Western clasp fermoir / stretchy élastique / era époque /
 psychopath [s eye ka path]
occidental. unparalleled inégalé / unlikely improbable.

Société I Histoire du vêtement I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Wallis Simpson, the wife of King Edward VIII, was a fan of the zipper. (SIPA)
Rita Hayworth is
not good with zips
Cover of the Rolling Stones’ album Sticky Fingers. (DR) in the movie Gilda
(1946). (SIPA)
Whitcomb Judson, who

designed the modern
zip. (Wikimedia Commons)
Marlon Brando in his leather jacket in the movie The Wild One (1953). (NANA PRODUCTIONS/SIPA)
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
>>> split, too, to further develop his no-more-suc- first dressmaker to feature prominent zips in buttons still made a statement. And some just
cessful streetcar. The company was saved by her collections. Wallis Simpson, the lover and worried about the zip’s reliability. Ronald
Gideon Sundback, an immigrant engineer from later wife of King Edward VIII, was a fan. The Reagan said he would only ever wear a button
Sweden. He ditched the hooks and eyes and king’s subsequent adoption of the zipped fly fly because he was afraid of accidental open-
replaced them with today’s design, more or less. is credited with its popularity in Britain, but ings—a reasonable concern for an actor and
young men were flocking to them every- for a president.
5. Sundback’s improved zip proved hard to where. In 1940 a survey at
market, not least because of the previous, dud Princeton University found 10. Once near universal, did the
design. It was used on utilitarian accessories— the trousers of 85% of its stu- It could be an zip mutate into ever better
money belts, tobacco pouches—but the rag dents were zipped not but- forms fit for ever more markets?
trade proved resistant. The First World War, toned.
ostentatious No. There have been innova-
though, gave the zip its break. In 1918, the US statement of tions: plastic teeth to replace
Navy began to put them on its aviator jackets. TWO SIDES toughness, metal ones; the coil zip, using
Then, in 1923, B.F. Goodrich, an American 8. After the war, the zip took continuous spirals of nylon to
company best known for tyres, put zips on its on a double life. It could be an
rebellion, form the teeth, making them
rubber galoshes. It called the new footwear ostentatious statement of even danger. more flexible and lightweight.
Zippers, thus giving the device—previously toughness, rebellion, even dan- But much of the focus has sim-
the “hookless fastener”—its name. (The British, ger. Think Marlon Brando in ply been on improving quality.
for reasons unknown, changed the name to his leather jacket in The Wild One or, later, the Precision in zip manufacture is everything. The
“zip”.) But the device was still expensive, and zips which adorned the significantly less robust zip was not born of radical new science or cun-
this impeded its progress. fashion of punk. But in dressmaking it func- ning craft, nor even of any deep need. It is un-
tioned as a near absence, a slightly heavier seam likely to solve any of the world’s major problems.
THE GREAT UNZIPPING which allowed clothing tighter than any since It was simply a clever way of making something
6. The resistance was not just about dollars the days of corsets to be got into—and out of. “I a bit easier that happened to catch on. l
and cents, though. It was also about what the can never get a zipper to close,” Rita Hayworth
zip represented: easy access; unfettered undo- says suggestively to her on-screen husband in
ability. As late as the early 1930s it was seen Gilda (1946). “Maybe that stands for something. [they] still made a statement [ils] avaient encore
as too strange and quite possibly too sexual What do you think?” The tough and macho side leur place / reliability fiabilité / to wear, wore, worn
to catch on, especially on women’s clothing. and the sexual-access side of the zip could, porter (vêtement) / reasonable ici, légitime, justifié /
Aldous Huxley, in his novel Brave New World, naturally, fit together. Witness the real metal concern inquiétude, préoccupation.
published in 1931, realised that this could, zip with which the denim crotch on the cover 10. ever ici, encore / to be fit for convenir/
regrettably, end up as a feature, not a bug. of the Rolling Stones’ album Sticky Fingers was correspondre/être adapté à / coil spirale; ici, spiralée /
to make, made, made ici, rendre / lightweight léger
adorned. / focus ici, efforts / manufacture fabrication /
7. What Huxley looked on with distaste sound- cunning craft (par) magie / deep profond, absolu,
ed quite appealing to others. In 1930 Elsa 9. There were still doubters, especially when urgent / to solve résoudre / clever astucieux / to
Schiaparelli, an avant-garde designer, was the it came to flies. Having metal teeth in delicate happen to ici, s'avérer.
places is not without its worries. Some felt
to split, split, split ici, partir / further davantage

(encore) / Sweden (la) Suède (capitale: Stockholm) / dressmaker couturier / to feature faire apparaître/ CONSEILS
LANGUES
to ditch abandonner / to replace remplacer. figurer, inclure, intégrer / prominent ici, visible / lover
5. to improve améliorer / to market commercialiser / maîtresse / wife épouse / subsequent par la suite /
not least en grande partie / dud ici, mauvais / money fly ici, braguette / to be credited with être attribué à
belt ceinture porte-billets / tobacco pouch blague à / to flock to se ruer sur / survey sondage, enquête / to
tabac / the rag trade la confection / though cependant
/ to give, gave, given sth its break permettre à qch de
find, found, found ici, révéler.
8. side côté, aspect, facette / to take, took, taken on Comment apprendre
percer / jacket veste, veston / tyre pneu / rubber
une langue étrangère ?
adopter, acquérir / statement déclaration; ici, signe /
galoshes bottes en caoutchouc / footwear chaussures / toughness dureté / even même / leather (en) cuir /
thus ainsi / device dispositif / previously précédemment The Wild One L’Équipée sauvage / to adorn orner,
/ still encore / to impede entraver, nuire à. parer / significantly ici, bien / near quasi / slightly
6. unzipping fait de défaire/d'ouvrir/de dévoiler / légèrement / heavy lourd, épais / to allow rendre l Conseils pratiques
unfettered sans entraves/retenue / undoability fait possible / tight serré / to get, got, got into mettre,
de pouvoir défaire, ouverture / the early 1930s le revêtir / to get, got, got out of retirer, enlever / to l Infos utiles
début des années trente / to see, saw, seen ici, get, got, got faire en sorte que, parvenir à /
percevoir, considérer / quite plutôt, très / to catch, suggestively de manière suggestive / on-screen à l Bonnes adresses
caught, caught on devenir populaire, être adopté / l’écran / husband mari / to stand, stood, stood for
sur www.vocable.fr
especially surtout / novel roman / Brave New World signifier, vouloir dire / to fit, fit or fitted, fit or fitted
Le Meilleur des mondes / to end up as ici, devenir / together se combiner / to witness ici, constater,
feature ici, accessoire / bug ici, élément indésirable. considérer / crotch entrejambe.
(rubrique Conseils Langues)
7. to look on ici, considérer / distaste dégoût, 9. doubter sceptique / when it came to en matière de
aversion / to sound ici, paraître / / place endroit, zone / to feel, felt, felt ici, estimer /

Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

e
Brèves d
société
le chiffre de la quinzaine
(SIPA)
531 new cases of H.I.V. infection
were diagnosed in Ireland last
year, an increase from 492 the
previous year. Poor sex health
education has been blamed for
this record high number of new
(Istock)
infections. The most common
route for transmission is now sex
Independence campaign between gay and bisexual men.

previous précédent / to blame mettre
A group of New Zealanders, led by retired businessman Stanley Gyles, have sur le compte de, imputer à / route ici,
mode.
launched a campaign to declare the South Island of New Zealand independent.
Tired of being mistaken for their neighbours to the north, they want to rename
their island “NZ South”. The North Island, although significantly smaller in size,
(Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times)

boasts both the capital, Wellington, and the country’s largest city, Auckland, and
is home to 77 per cent of New Zealanders. “The time has come for the South Island
of New Zealand to be independent and to have its own identity,” the campaigners
state on their website.
retired à la retraite / to be tired of en avoir assez de / to mistake, mistook, mistaken sb for confondre qqn
avec / significantly considérablement / to boast se vanter, s’enorgueillir (ici, d’abriter) / campaigner militant /
to state affirmer, déclarer.
Fake university A giant backs up

Some recently unsealed court Last month, Amazon cancelled its plans to
documents unveiled an unbelievable open a new headquarters in the Long Island
scheme set up by the US Department of City neighbourhood of Queens, in New York
Homeland Security. The DHS created a City, after intense mobilisation from
fake university, The University of grassroots activists, labour unions and some
Farmington, allegedly located in the local politicians. After being dragged before
suburbs of Detroit and offering flexible the city council for hostile questioning, the
class schedule to its students, in order to e-commerce giant decided to abandon its
snare illegal immigrants. Federal agents plan. The new headquarters could have
posed as school officials in emails and brought 25,000 jobs to New York, but
registered the school with the state of opponents were afraid that rising rents in
Michigan. 161 foreign nationals who Queens would have driven residents out of
enrolled in the fake university were their homes.
(Istock)
arrested as a result of this undercover

operation. to back up faire marche arrière / to cancel annuler
/ headquarters (inv.) siège (social) /
unsealed ici, déclassifié / court tribunal, ici juridique / to unveil révéler, dévoiler / scheme plan, stratagème, neighbourhood (GB) = neighborhood (US)
procédé / to set, set, set up mettre en place, imaginer / US Department of Homeland Security ministère quartier / grassroots ici, locaux / activist militant
américain de la Sécurité intérieure (chargé d’organiser et d’assurer la sécurité intérieure du pays) / fake faux / / labor (US) = labour (GB) union syndicat / to
allegedly soi-disant / to be located être situé, se trouver / suburb banlieue / schedule emploi du temps / to drag ici, convoquer / city council conseil municipal
snare piéger / to pose as se faire passer pour / official responsable / to register enregistrer (officiellement) / to / opponent opposant / rent loyer / to drive,
enroll (US) = to enrol (GB) in s’inscrire / undercover clandestin, secret. drove, driven out chasser.

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PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…
AUGUSTIN HABRAN
La grossesse
Que vous ayez besoin d’annoncer un heureux événement à
vos amis anglais ou que vous accouchiez en urgence dans un
pays anglo-saxon, respirez… Soufflez… Cette page est faite
pour vous !
Vocabulaire clé
abortion avortement happiness, joy bonheur
amniocentesis amniocentèse in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
amniotic fluid liquide amniotique fécondation in vitro (FIV)
assisted reproductive labor travail (au moment de
(ISTOCK)
technology (ART) procréation l’accouchement)
médicalement assistée (PMA) maternity leave congé maternité
bear a child, give birth enfanter, midwife sage-femme
Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue
donner naissance miscarriage fausse couche sur le CD lecture et son commentaire sur
birth naissance morning sickness nausée (liée à la partie basique du CD conversation.
birth certificate acte de la grossesse) CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
naissance mother-to-be future maman
breastfeed allaiter pain douleur
caesarian césarienne planned parenthood planning Bon à savoir
coil, intrauterine device (IUD) familial
stérilet pregnancy grossesse Traditionnellement dans les pays anglo-saxons,
condom préservatif les femmes enceintes organisent avant
pregnancy test test de grossesse l’accouchement une baby shower, fête lors de
contraception contraception pregnant enceinte laquelle les amis proches de la future maman
contraction contraction put on weight prendre du poids couvrent cette dernière de cadeaux pour le bébé.
cradle berceau still born mort-né Les parents du bébé organisent souvent une sip
craving envie irrésistible surrogate mother mère porteuse and see party (littéralement « siroter » et
cut the cord couper le cordon swelling gonflement, enflure
« voir »). Cette fête consiste à donner l’occasion
egg ovule
aux proches du couple de venir voir le nouveau-né.
the pill la pilule
embryo embryon Tandis qu’en France, les garçons naissent dans les
tiredness, fatigue fatigue choux et les filles dans les roses, ce sont des
epidural péridurale ultrasound échographie cigognes (storks) qui apportent les nouveaux-nés
father-to-be futur papa waters les eaux à leur famille dans les pays anglo-saxons.
foetus (GB), fetus (US) fœtus womb utérus
Testez-vous
Expressions à retenir
Associez chaque mot de la première liste
We have great news to share! We’re having a baby! Nous avons une avec un mot de la seconde :
grande nouvelle ! On va avoir un bébé !
1) contraception a- baby blues
I am due in April. Le bébé doit arriver en avril.
2) ultrasound b- epidural
I don’t know who the father is…. Je ne sais pas qui est le père…
3) craving c- sex
Have you been thinking about names? Vous avez pensé à des
prénoms ? 4) cradle d- gherkin
I’m preggo / I’m knocked up. Je suis enceinte. (connotation familière) 5) delivery e - condom
She has got a bun in the oven. Elle a un polichinelle dans le tiroir. 6) joy f- mobile
Congratulations! Félicitations ! SOLUTIONS : 1-e ; 2-c ; 3-d ; 4-f ; 5-b ; 6-a.

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Pourriez-vous réussir le célèbre

examen d’anglais Cambridge
English B2 First ?
Découvrez une sélection d’exercices de niveau B2 issus de l’examen B2 First conçu par Cambridge Assessment English, le
département de l’Université de Cambridge spécialisé dans la certification des niveaux d’anglais.
Les consignes sont exceptionnellement données en anglais comme à l'examen !
Exercices niveau B2 issus de l'épreuve "Reading and Use of English"

1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or 2 Read the text below and think of the word
D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word
beginning (0). in each gap. There is an example at the
beginning (0).
Example : (0) A report B describe C inform D tell
Answer : A report Example : (0) SINCE
The oldest leather shoe in the world From black pepper to chilli pepper
Archaeologists (0) ......................... that a perfectly preserved 5,500-year-old In the 15th century, europeans knew nothing of the chilli
shoe has been discovered in a cave in Armenia in south-west Asia. It is pepper, but they held black pepper in high regard and had
(1) ......................... to be the oldest leather shoe ever found. used it in cooking (0) ......................... Greek and Roman
The shoe was made of a single piece of leather, stitched at the front and times. Ships travelling east brought the black pepper from
back, and was shaped to fit the wearer's foot. It had been (2) ......................... the Spice Islands in South Eath Asia but this
with grasses, either for warmth or to make sure it kept its shape. 'The shoe is
(1) ......................... a long time. In 1492, Christopher
relatively small but we can't say for (3) ......................... whether it was worn by a
Columbus was asked to find a shorter route to the Spice
man or a woman,' says Dr Ron Pinhasi, an archaeologist on the research
Islands, going westwards (2) ......................... than
(4) ......................... 'We thought at first that it was about 600-700 years old
because it was in such good shape.' eastwards, and so he set (3) ......................... from Spain
across the Atlantic Ocean.
Shoes of this type from later periods have turned (5) ......................... in
archaeological excavations in various places in Europe, and shoes of a very Columbus didn't succeed (4) ......................... finding the
similar design were still being used on the Aran Islands off the west coast of Spice Islands but he (5) ......................... manage to discover
Ireland as (6) ......................... as the 1950s. It's (7) ......................... a style which the Americas. There he (6) ......................... across another
(8) ......................... popular for thousands of years. pepper; the chilli, which had been used in cooking in
(1) A accepted B regarded C assessed D believed South America for thousands of years.
(2) A stuffed B loaded C pushed D blocked Soon (7) ......................... Columbus's discovery, large
(3) A clear B specific C true D certain quantities of chillies were being shipped back to Spain
(4) A class B force C team D company
from the Caribbean. Later, people realised that chillies
(5) A over B into C up D about
would actually grow in southern Europe and it wasn't long
(6) A recently B lately C presently D immediately
before fresh chillies were (8) ......................... sale in
(7) A correctly B exactly C precisely D obviously
(8) A held B stood C remained D lasted European markets.
(8) remained (7) after (8) on/for

SOLUTIONS : (1) believed (2) stuffed (3) certain (4) team (5) up (6) recently (7) obviously SOLUTIONS : (1) took (2) rather (3) off/out/sail (4) in (5) did (6) came

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3 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end 4 Complete the second sentence so that it has a
of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between two and five words, including
Example : (0) MEMORABLE the word given. Here is an example (0).
Family bike fun Example : (0) A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town.
National Bike Week was celebrated last week in a (DRIVEN)
(0) ......................... way with a Family Fun Day in Larkside MEMORY We .............................................................. a very friendly taxi
Park. The event (1) ......................... to be hightly PROOF driver.
successful with over five hundred people attending. Answer : WERE DRIVEN INTO TOWN BY
1) Paula can't wait to hear the band's new album.
Larkside Cycling Club brought along a (2) ......................... VARY
(FORWARD)
of different bikes to demonstrate the (3) ......................... that ENJOY
Paula is really ............................................................ the band's
family members of all ages can get from group cycling.
new album.
Basic cycling (4) ......................... was taught using conventional SAFE
2) Buying a daily newspaper seems pointless to me.
bikes. There were also some rather (5) ......................... bikes USUAL
(POINT)
on display. One-wheelers, five-wheelers and even one which I can't ............................................................ a daily newspaper.
could carry up to six (6) ........................., were used for fun. RIDE 3) Daniel thought the flight would be more expensive than
The club also gave information on how cycling can help to it actually was. (NOT)
reduce (7) ..................................... damage. They also provided ENVIRONMENT The flight ............................................................................ as
(8) ................................. as to how people could substitute the SUGGEST Daniel thought it would be.
bike for the car for daily journeys. The overall message was 4) It's a shame I'm not able to come to your party on
that cycling is great family fund and an excellent alternative to Saturday. (COULD)
driving. By the end of the day over a hundred people had signed I ............................................................................ to your party on
up for membership. Saturday.
5) There were no trainers left in Denzel's size anywhere on
(7) environmental (8) suggestions. the website. (SOLD)
The website had ............................................................ trainers
SOLUTIONS : (1) proved (2) variety (3) enjoyment (4) safety (5) unusual (6) riders
in Denzel's size.
6) Gwenda deleted her siste's photographs by accident.
(MEAN)
Gwenda ............................................................................ her
sister's photographs.
mean to delete
(that) I could come (5) (completely) sold out of (the) (6) didn’t/did not
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr
buying OR see any point in buying (3) was not as/so expensive (4) wish
SOLUTIONS : (1) looking forward to hearing (2) see the point in/of
Pour accéder à des examens

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PRATIC’ABLE / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr
Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 rouvez le mot correspondant à la définition (a), puis
T 5 mots à mémoriser
adaptez-le pour trouver celui qui correspond à la
définition (b). dans ce numéro
Exemple : to do someone a favor rendre
(a) to go on holiday in a tent : …….….….…….. service à quelqu’un
(b) a series of events to advertise a product : …….….….…….. to get engaged se fiancer
Solution : (a) to camp  (b) campaign on equal footing être sur un pied
1. ( a) opposite of low : …….….….…….. d’égalité
(b) American for motorway : …….….….…….. zip fastener fermeture éclair
2. (a) a distance between two points : …….….….…….. stainless steel acier inoxydable
(b) the second most spoken language in the USA : …….….….……..
3. (a) meteorological feature such as the Mistral : …….….….……..
(b) you can look out of it : …….….….……..
2 Quel est le contraire de ?
4. (a) the place where ships arrive : …….….….……..
(b) he will carry your luggage : …….….….…….. wrong …………………………
5. (a) a means of transport : …….….….…….. narrow …………………………
(b) an animated film : …….….….……..
low …………………………
6. (a) you need one to play cricket : …….….….……..
dim …………………………
(b) you can run your PC on this if there is no electricity : …….….….……..
heavy …………………………
7. (a) put one on each foot : …….….….……..
(b) plug a household appliance into this : …….….….…….. loose …………………………
8. (a) a word showing there is a choice : …….….….…….. live …………………………

(b) the place where fruit grows : …….….….…….. day …………………………
6. bat/battery 7. sock/socket 8. or/orchard black …………………………
SOLUTIONS : 1. high/highway 2. span/Spanish 3. wind/window 4. port/porter 5. car/cartoon
dead …………………………
lose …………………………
L'expression idiomatique
hire …………………………
time and tide wait for no man le temps perdu ne se
noisy …………………………
rattrape pas
there’s a time and place for everything il y a un temps white, dead/alive, lose/find, hire/fire, noisy/quiet
bright, heavy/light, loose/tight, live/die, day/night, black/
pour tout SOLUTIONS : wrong/right, narrow/wide, low/high, dim/
till the cows come home jusqu’à la Saint-Glinglin

first things first chaque chose en son temps
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grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
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À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
(Slavek Ruta/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
Giant tortoise
A giant tortoise, member of a species
thought to be extinct – the Fernandina
giant tortoise –, has been found on the
Galápagos island of Fernandina. It is the
(Pixabay)
first time that a living member of this
species has been spotted in more than 110
years. The tortoise is a female, believed to
To the moon be about 100 years old. According to

investigators, more members of the species
might still live on the island.
A team of Israeli scientists has launched the first privately funded moon mission.
On 22 February, their robot, known as “Beresheet,” lifted off from Cape Canaveral tortoise tortue (terrestre) / species (inv.)
in Florida, propelled by one of Elon Musk’s SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets, for a two- espèce(s) / extinct éteint, disparu / to spot
repérer, apercevoir / investigator ici, chercheur.
month trip to the moon. It will try to land on the lunar surface, take some pic-
tures and conduct some experiments. One of its main missions will be to meas-
ure the magnetic field of the moon to help understand how it formed. So far, only
government space agencies from the United States, Russia and China have man-
aged soft touchdowns. This means that if the mission is successful, Israel will
become the fourth country to reach the moon.
to fund financer / Beresheet (hébreu) genèse / to lift off décoller / to propel propulser / rocket fusée / to land
atterrir / experiment expérience (scientifique) / touchdown ici, alunissage.
“King of Cocaine” no more

The former home of Pablo
Escobar in Medellín has been
demolished in an official (SIPA)
government ceremony. In its
place, the city will erect a
memorial park to honour the Political lookalikes
victims of his drug cartel’s
Ahead of the Trump-Kim summit, which
crimes. Escobar had lived in
took place in Hanoi on 27-28 February,
the building for years until
Howard X, a Kim Jong-un impersonator,
1988, when rivals bombed it,
was deported from Vietnam by authorities.
and he abandoned it. The
He had arrived in town with Trump
structure has remained
impersonator Russell White, and together
vacant ever since, becoming a
they staged a fake summit on the steps of
tourist attraction. “History
Hanoi’s opera house. White was allowed to
will not be written in service
stay in the city but he was asked to stop
to the victimisers, but in
public shows.
recognition of the victims,”
said Colombia’s President lookalike sosie / ahead of avant /
Ivan Duque, about the impersonator imitateur / to deport expulser /
(SIPA)
demolition. to stage monter, mettre en scène / fake faux,

bidon / opera house opéra (édifice) / to allow sb
to erect ériger, mettre en place / memorial park parc commémoratif / to bomb faire exploser / vacant vide, to autoriser qqn à / show spectacle,
inoccupé, désaffecté / ever since depuis (lors) / victimiser ici, bourreau. représentation.

Enjeux I Politique I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez un extrait du discours
d'Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, qui présente le
Green New Deal devant ses partisans.
LOS ANGELES TIMES EVAN HALPER
THE GREEN NEW DEAL,

SHAPING THE RACE
FOR PRESIDENT
Le Green New Deal façonne la course à la présidence
Le mois dernier, la démocrate Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, fraîchement élue au Congrès,
présentait le “Green New Deal”, un ambitieux projet environnemental visant à faire
des États-Unis une nation pionnière en matière d’énergies renouvelables dans les dix
prochaines années. Soutenu par une partie des démocrates, le Green New Deal
pourrait devenir un thème de campagne majeur pour la présidentielle de 2020...
W ASHINGTON — Even as cli-

mate change has rapidly
evolved from an abstract threat to a tangible
crisis, political candidates have struggled to
positions substantially bolder and louder
than those of past elections.
2. In February, backers of a Green New Deal

“Every signal appears to be that the Green
New Deal is going to be a major part of the
presidential election,” said Anthony Leise-
rowitz, director of the Yale University Pro-
make it a central focus of campaigns domi- unveiled a plan in Congress notable for its gram on Climate Change Communication.
nated by more immediate voter concerns. audacious goal of restructuring the entire
Now, the political conversation is catching national economy around the climate fight 4. The Green New Deal — or the latest itera-
up. Climate change issues, and more spe- and pouring trillions of dollars into clean tion if it — has been pushed onto the na-
cifically demands by Democratic activists energy and innovation. Equally notable, tional agenda by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-
for policies grouped under the label of a however, was the list of who signed on — Cor tez , t he f i r st-ter m D emoc rat ic
Green New Deal, are fast becoming a mar- most of the major Democratic presidential congresswoman from Queens, N.Y., whose
quee issue in the presidential race. Increased candidates in the race so far. media savvy, adroit organizing skills and
voter anxiety over the warming planet and socialist leanings have catapulted her to
a deft marketing campaign by progressive A SLOGAN political stardom on the left. The concept had
activists have pushed candidates to take 3.What they have pledged loyalty to at the been kicked around for years, with the slogan
moment is mostly a slogan and an idea — the having been popularized a decade ago in a
particulars of the Green New Deal, and even book by the journalist Thomas Friedman, a
the price tag, have yet to be worked out. quintessential establishment figure. But the
1. even as alors même que / threat menace, danger,
risque / to struggle to peiner/avoir du mal à / central Nevertheless, their enlistment in the crusade call for investment and mobilization on the
focus point central, sujet principal, priorité / voter marked an important moment in both the scale of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal to
électeur / concern inquiétude, sujet de préoccupation / presidential race and the changing nature of
conversation ici, débat / to catch, caught, caught up the political debate over climate change.
rattraper le temps perdu / issue question, sujet, enjeu /
demand demande insistante, réclamation / activist
militant / policy politique (ligne d'action); policies signal signe, indication / to appear ici, sembler.
substantially considérablement, bien (plus) / bold
mesures / label appellation, nom / Green New Deal audacieux, fort / loud fort, clair. 4. latest dernier en date, plus récent / iteration ici,
mesures prises aux États-Unis pour lutter contre le version / to push onto faire intégrer à/figurer parmi (à
réchauffement climatique et les inégalités sociales (réf. au 2. backer partisan, défenseur / to unveil dévoiler, force de persuasion) / agenda programme / term ici,
New Deal du président américain Franklin D. Roosevelt, présenter / plan projet / to pour verser, investir / trillion mandat / media savvy qui sait se servir des média (à son
politique de lutte contre les effets de la Grande mille milliards, billion / clean propre, "vert", renouvelable / avantage) / skill compétence / leaning(s) penchant,
Dépression aux États-Unis dans les années 1930) / to sign on adhérer / so far jusqu’à présent, pour l'instant. tendance / stardom célébrité / to kick around ici,
marquee ici, principal / increased accru, grandissant / 3. to pledge jurer / particulars détails / price tag coût / évoquer (sans que quoi que ce soit en advienne de
over ici, au sujet de / warming planet réchauffement to work out déterminer, calculer / nevertheless quoi manière tangible/visible) / decade décennie /
climatique / deft habile, astucieux / progressive qu'il en soit / enlistment engagement / crusade quintessential par excellence / establishment (des)
progressiste / croisade, lutte / both à la fois... (et) / classes dirigeantes / figure personnalité / scale échelle /
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Democrats, including Sen. Edward J. Markey, 8.Scholars who have worked on the issue
D-Mass., who has helped lead the Demo- cautioned that the Green New Deal’s reach
cratic establishment’s climate crusade for could prove limited if visions for big spend-
years. “It is time for us to be bold once again,” ing and economic transformation are not
Markey said. tempered — particularly in those large
swaths of the nation where voters resented
INTRAPARTY DEBATE even the far less ambitious climate policies
6. How bold is certain to become a matter pursued by the Obama administration.
of intense intraparty debate. Democrats
are ecstatic about the Green New Deal’s 9. Presidential candidates, however, were not
marketing potential. Unity on particular hedging. Polling shows that among engaged
policy prescriptions is harder to come by. Democratic primary voters, climate has moved
There is disagreement over how to trans- into the top tier of concerns. Those voters are
form climate action into a looking for a compelling vision
populist movement that can to rally around and eager for a
draw support beyond the Democrats are message that can rival the fossil-
predictable regions where fuel-driven “energy dominance”
the clean-energy transforma- ecstatic about theme President Donald Trump
tion is already underway. the Green New used to woo blue-collar workers.
Before the Green New Deal Deal’s In addition to Sens. Cory Booker
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Sen.
Ed Markey introduce the Green New Deal resolution was even rolled marketing of New Jersey, Kirsten Gilli-
in Washington, February 7, 2019. out, former New York Mayor brand of New York, Kamala Har-
(Pete Marovich/The New York Times)
Michael R . Bloomberg, a potential. ris of California and Elizabeth
global leader in climate ac- Warren of Massachusetts, all
tion and a potential presiden- co-sponsors of the plan, Wash-
tial candidate, warned Democrats against ington Gov. Jay Inslee is preparing a possible
create a “greenhouse-gas neutral society” overreach. presidential bid that would focus almost en-
within 10 years has suddenly galvanized tirely on climate issues. l
attention from a new generation of political LIMITS
activists. 7. “I’m a little bit tired of listening to things
that are pie in the sky, that we never are going 8. scholar expert / to caution mettre en garde / reach
portée, influence; ici, succès / to prove ici, s'avérer /
GREEN TRANSITION BY 2030 to pass, are never going to afford,” he said in spending dépenses / swath pan / to resent ne pas
5. The resolution that Ocasio-Cortez and January at a talk in Manchester, N.H., where apprécier/adhérer à / far ici, bien / to pursue mener.
others unveiled with more than 60 co-spon- he announced he would be drafting his own 9. to hedge tergiverser / polling sondages / among(st)
sors is a populist and environmental call to Green New Deal proposal that he will devote parmi, chez / primary élection primaire (élection de
arms. It calls for a transition to 100 percent his own considerable wealth to pushing. Even sélection au sein d'un parti) / to move into ici, être intégré
renewable energy by 2030, but also the guar- House Speaker Nancy Pelosi was cautious in à, devenir / (the) top tier (of) (l'un des) premiers /
antee of a living-wage job with paid vacation embracing the Green New Deal, noting it is compelling convaincant / to rally around se mobiliser
autour de, soutenir / eager impatient, très désireux /
to every American. One passage talks about one of several ideas Democrats are likely to
fossil-fuel-driven dominé par les combustibles fossiles /
upgrading every building in the United put on the table. to woo séduire (fig.) / blue-collar worker ouvrier / in
States for energy efficiency and another addition to en plus de, outre / bid ici, candidature /
about providing all Americans with “high- almost quasi(ment).
quality health care.” “Small, incremental 6. how ici, à quel point / matter sujet / ecstatic très
policy solutions are not enough,” Ocasio- enthousiaste / prescription suggestion; ici, mesure / to
Cortez said at a news conference in Wash- come, came, come by obtenir / disagreement
ington. “This is a major watershed moment.” désaccord, différend(s) / to draw, drew, drawn ici, attirer,
susciter / support soutien, solidarité / beyond ici, au-delà SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Standing by her side were several veteran
de, ailleurs que dans / predictable prévisible / to be
underway être en marche/route/cours / to roll out Quel est le sens de
lancer / former ancien / mayor maire / global mondial /
greenhouse gas gaz à effet de serre / within en l’espace to warn mettre en garde / overreach échec dû à une trop "issue" ?
de / to galvanize ici, attirer. grande ambition (to overreach viser trop haut). (1) un problème, un sujet de débat 
7. to be tired of en avoir assez de / pie in the sky paroles the issue of climate change (§ 1)
5. by ici, d'ici (à) / living-wage job métier pour lequel la
rémunération perçue permet de vivre décemment / paid en l'air / to pass ici, voter, adopter / to afford avoir les (2) un numéro  in this issue of
vacation (US)= holiday (GB) congés payés / to moyens de payer / talk discours / to draft rédiger (une Vocable
upgrade ici, rénover / energy efficiency efficacité première version de) / own propre / proposal proposition (3) progéniture, descendance  the
énergétique / to provide procurer, rendre accessible / / to devote consacrer / wealth richesse, fortune / to
King and his issue
health care soins de santé/médicaux / incremental push faire avancer, promouvoir / House Speaker
progressif / to be enough suffire / news conference président de la Chambre des représentants / cautious (4) le résultat  the final issue was
conférence de presse / watershed décisif / side côté(s) / prudent / to embrace adhérer à / to be likely to être to cancel the whole project
several plusieurs. susceptible de.

Enjeux I Economie I SUÈDE I  C2
THE ECONOMIST
IKEA IS MOVING
TO THE HIGH
STREET
IKEA investit les centres-villes
Cette année, les magasins Ikea mettent le cap sur les
centres villes des grandes agglomérations. Après Londres
en octobre dernier, le géant de l’ameublement s’apprête à
ouvrir un magasin à Manhattan. Cet été, c’est le quartier de
la Madeleine, à Paris, qui accueillera le premier magasin
Ikea de la capitale. Des ouvertures en rafale qui témoignent
de la nouvelle stratégie de l’enseigne suédoise.
T
A show bedroom in an Ikea store in Britain. (Alex Segre/REX/SIPA)
ottenham Court Road is a little-loved is sold there. It belongs to IKEA, a Swedish fur- as Sears, JCPenney and Macy’s in America, and
street of furniture stores in central niture retailer. Debenhams in Britain—especially if consumer
London, made even more drab by boarded-up spending turns down.
shops and sale signs plastered across the win- 2. It may seem as if Alice has stepped through
dows. But since October a new type of outlet has the looking-glass. But there is method in the E-COMMERCE
brought in some Lewis Carroll-like magical real- madness. As other retailers are driven off the 3. E-retailers can offer a wider range of goods, at
ism. Through vast glass windows, passers-by high street, partly because of competition from better prices, with a more personalised, data-
gaze in on a kitchen so tall it looks like part of big-box stores like IKEA, the company is heading driven service. E-commerce also changes the
Wonderland. Inside are no tills; indeed nothing into the heart of London, Paris and New York as distribution system. Retailing used to be cash-
part of an expansion into 30 city centres. It is not and-carry, with shoppers taking their merchan-
only examining where it puts its shops. Though dise home with them. Now they often travel by
1. furniture (inv.) meubles, mobilier / drab terne,
morne / boarded-up condamné (au moyen de
IKEA woke up late to the importance of e-com- different routes, unencumbered by shopping
planches) / sale sign pancarte "À vendre" / to plaster merce, it is using the shock as an opportunity to bags. So in addition to sales, retailers have to
placarder, afficher / outlet point de vente, magasin / rethink its business model; the internet will factor in delivery. That is where IKEA is devoting
Lewis Carroll-like magical realism qui rappelle le become more central to its future. Many of its lots of attention.
réalisme magique de l'écrivain L. Carroll (1832-1898) /
passer-by passant / to gaze regarder (fixement),
competitors still see digital commerce as just
contempler / Wonderland pays des merveilles (réf. au one retail channel among many. They are mak- 4. Though Tolga Öncü, IKEA’s head of retail,
roman de L. Carroll Alice au pays des merveilles) / ing a big mistake. Unless they face reality, more explains this with a wad of Swedish snus, or
will join the ranks of struggling retailers such smokeless tobacco, beneath his upper lip, he
appears more excited than nervous about the
retailer détaillant, vendeur.
2. to step through the looking-glass passer de l'autre consumer spending dépenses de consommation / to
côté du miroir (ref. au roman Through the Looking Glass turn down baisser.
There's method in his [VF, De l'autre côté du miroir] de L. Carroll) / there is 3. e-retailer e-commerçant / range choix, variété /
method in the madness il y a une logique dans tout
madness (§ 2) cela / to drive, drove, driven off chasser / high street
good marchandise / data-driven se basant sur
l'analyse de données / cash-and-carry en libre-service /
il est moins fou qu'il n’en a l'air rue principale, rue commerçante, par ext. commerces du shopper ici, acheteur / route itinéraire, parcours /
C'est une expression que l'on entend centre-ville / big-box store grande surface / to head unencumbered qui ne s'embarrasse pas de / to factor
souvent de nos jours mais saviez- into ici, s'installer dans / to wake, waked or woke, in prendre en compte / delivery distribution / to
vous que Shakespeare l'employait waked or woken up late to... prendre conscience devote consacrer.
tardivement de... / competitor concurrent, rival /
déjà en 1602 ? 4. head of retail responsable commerce / wad ici,
digital commerce e-commerce / retail channel canal
C'est Hamlet qui dit : "Though this boulette / snus tabac sans fumée humide que l'on glisse
de distribution / to face reality regarder la réalité en
be madness, yet there is method in entre la gencive et la lèvre supérieure (upper lip) /
face / to join the ranks of... venir grossir les rangs de... /
it" (Act 2 scene 2 line 205) struggling en difficulté /
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
La bibliothèque Billy est l’un des produits phares de
l’enseigne Ikea. Où est-elle fabriquée ? Découvrez le
reportage vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
speedy delivery. Part of this comes via IKEA’s on hand to offer home-furnishing advice. This
stand-alone warehouses. But Mr Öncü says its switch to more personalised service will be
large suburban stores, which particularly evident in the city
are within easy reach of dense- centres. In Tottenham Court
ly populated areas, can also The company’s Road, the outlet is a “planning
“double up” as part of the logis- strong brand centre”, where no money or
tics network, shortening deliv- goods change hands. This is
ery times. gives it freedom aimed at online shoppers who
to have a “test- need humans to talk to about
6. This feeds into the third and-fail” design without having to
challenge—changing the pur- approach. travel to suburbia. This spring
pose of the store. Rather than IKEA will open a different
always stocking the full range type of store in Paris, selling
of products, the priority in smaller stores is to goods across a fairly small floor space.
allow customers to “touch and feel” items they
have seen online. That means stores can keep 7. IKEA is by no means safe. Its recent results
less inventory. Meanwhile, space is freed for show falling profits as it invests in new formats,
displays of kitchens and other rooms, with staff but at least it has lots of cash on its balance-sheet.
Others have less freedom to experiment. l
speedy rapide / stand-alone autonome,
transition. The company’s strong brand and indépendant / warehouse entrepôt / suburban de on hand à disposition, présent / home-furnishing (en
balance-sheet give it freedom to have a “test-and- banlieue, périphérique / within easy reach à proximité / matière d') ameublement intérieur / switch
fail” approach, rather than “being in a panic to to double up ici, faire double emploi / to shorten changement, passage (à) / to be aimed at être destiné
do something”, he says. It has three big tasks raccourcir. à / design ici, décoration / suburbia banlieue
ahead: redefining sales measures, logistics and 6. This feeds into... Cela nous amène à... / purpose (pavillonnaire) / fairly assez, plutôt / floor space
finalité / to stock ici, avoir en magasin / item article, surface au sol, par ext. espace de vente.
the whole concept of the store. objet / inventory stock / to free libérer / display 7. by no means pas du tout / safe à l‘abri, en sécurité /
exposition, présentation (ici, de modèles) / cash liquidités / to experiment tester ici, prendre des
THREE TASKS risques.
5. Start with sales measures in stores. These will
remain crucial; online sales make up at most
10% of the total, and stores are still the best way
of attracting customers. But the idea that IKEA’s
success can be measured only by how much it
sells per square foot is outdated. As it ships more
of its products to people’s homes, it has to bear
in mind online purchases, delivery and assembly.
In 2017 IKEA bought TaskRabbit, a gig-economy
startup that can spare customers the grief of Séjours linguistiques
assembling furniture with an Allen key and a individuels, en groupe et
wordless instruction manual. Logistics is an- formules sur mesure en
other factor. As people shop online, they demand
réponse à vos besoins,
pour enfants et adultes.
brand (image de) marque / balance-sheet bilan
(financier) / to fail ici, échouer / ahead ici, devant lui. Contactez-nous !
5. to make, made, made up constituer, représenter /
square foot (pl. feet) pied carré (0,09m²) / outdated Tél. 03. 20. 63. 11. 00
dépassé, obsolète / to ship expédier, livrer / to bear, info@vivalangues.fr
bore, borne in mind tenir compte de / gig-economy
économie des petits boulots, payés à la tâche et
effectués par des travailleurs indépendants (gig boulot www.vivalangues.fr
temporaire) / to spare épargner (à) / grief peine,
tracas / Allen key clé Allen (compatible avec les vis et
toute autre pièce possédant une empreinte hexagonale
creuse) / to demand exiger, réclamer /

encart VOCABLE.indd 1 12/02/2019 16:13:1
Culture I Art contemporain I ETATS-UNIS I  C2
THE GUARDIAN HADLEY FREEMAN
JEFF KOONS
INTERVIEW
Interview de Jeff Koons
Chiens et lapins géants sculptés à partir de ballons, tulipes en acier, statue nue de
Lady Gaga... Les sculptures kitsch de l’artiste américain Jeff Koons ont été exposées
dans le monde entier, non sans certaines polémiques, et se vendent pour des dizaines
de millions d’euros. L’Ashmolean Museum d’Oxford propose, jusqu’en juin, une
grande rétrospective Jeff Koons. À cette occasion, une journaliste du Guardian a
rencontré le trublion de l’art contemporain.
T o get great clarity in the balls, you re-

ally need to blow them a lot,” says Jeff
Koons, with all the solemnity of a man explain-
ing his tax returns. He gazes lovingly
and talks like Mister Rogers, is taking me
around his 10,000 square foot studio in Chelsea,
New York. While Koons strolls around in a
quietly chic outfit of dark blue patterned
at his balls, which in this particular shirt and blue trousers, young
case are a row of stainless steel people in white coats skitter
spheres suitably blown up to bear an around doing what looks
astonishing resemblance to his to me like most of the
most famous artistic muse: inflat- work : pa int ing,
able rubber toys. But given that sculpting, blowtorch-
Koons shot to notoriety with his ing. “Maybe I’m not on
1991 series Made in Heaven each piece labouring
– in which he photographed Balloon Dog over it,” he says, “but I’m
himself and his then girl- (Orange) by overseeing each one tre-
Jeff Koons.
friend Ilona Staller in (AP/SIPA) mendously.” Without help, he
pretty much every sexu- explains, he “would be able to
al position legal in the make only one sculpture every
state of New York – this few years. It’s about the gesture,
ball chat really could that’s where the art is.”
have gone another way.
MONEY
2. Koons, who looks 3. Koons, until very recently the
like Pee Wee Herman world’s most expensive living
artist, has the calm, unruffled air
that, in New York, is generally only
1. ball boule (au pluriel aussi couilles (vulg.)) / found in the heavily medicated. But
to blow, blew, blown souffler, introduire de in him, it seems more like the zen of a
l'air dans (ici, la phrase est à double sens car to blow peut
avoir une connotation sexuelle et signifier sucer) / tax
return déclaration d’impôts / to gaze at (sth/sb) Mister Rogers animateur d'une série télévisée américaine
contempler / row rangée / stainless steel acier pour enfants / square foot pied carré (0,09 mètre carré) /
inoxydable / suitably comme il se doit / to bear, bore, to stroll around déambuler / quietly ici, sobrement /
borne a resemblance (to) ressembler (à) / astonishing outfit tenue / patterned à motifs / coat ici, blouse / to
étonnant; ici, étonnamment / inflatable gonflable / skitter around s'agiter dans tous les sens / to blowtorch
rubber (en) caoutchouc / given that étant donné que / souder / to labour travailler dur / to oversee, saw, seen
to shoot, shot, shot to notoriety devenir (rapidement) superviser / tremendously énormément; ici, avec
célèbre, se faire connaître / pretty much quasiment / beaucoup d'attention / every few tous les deux ou trois
chat conversation. (ici, ans).
2. Pee Wee Herman personnage créé par le comédien 3. unruffled imperturbable / heavily lourdement; ici,
américain Paul Reubens et héros du film Pee-Wee Big ...the heavily medicated ...pers. sous lourd traitement
Adventure de Tim Burtons / médicamenteux /
Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr

Jeff Koons and his artwork Gazing
Ball (Birdbath) (2013) at the
Ashmolean Museum. (David Fisher, 2019)
man who has all but the licence to print money.

His works sell for multimillions. Art collector SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Peter Brant bought one of my favourite pieces
by Koons – Puppy, a 40ft west highland terrier Les secrets de la
made out of flowers – and spends $75,000 a year
just maintaining it. “Koons,” read one recent, and
prononciation :
Lisez les 3 mots "higher" "are"
typical, critical assessment, “has made his name
"key" en mettant l'accent tonique
manufacturing toys for rich old boys.” sur la première syllabe et vous
prononcerez correctement le mot
4. Of course, Koons hates this kind of chat. “The "hierarchy" !
rest of the world talks so much about money,”
he says, “and one of the reasons is I think they
feel uncomfortable talking about art. So if they’re
writing about art, and they don’t really want to for herself in an airport giftshop in the 1980s,
talk about art, then they talk about money.” This because that’s exactly what it is. “I had that figu-
was Koons’s Balloon Dog (Orange) which in 2013 rine when I was a child!” I say in astonishment.
fetched what was then the highest price ever
paid for a work by a living artist. But the day 7. Koons nods, as if he expected as much. “That’s
after our interview, David Hockney’s Portrait of what I’m going for, that sense of familiarity, and
an Artist (Pool With Two Figures) was sold for you are open to it. The reason I work with read-
$90m and Koons lost his title. ymades” – meaning already existing objects – “is
to remove judgment and hierarchy. Every object
INFLATABLE PIECES is a metaphor for yourself.” In what way? “I try
5. We’re meeting because Koons is preparing to make work to make you think everything is
for his first big show in the UK since his 2009 perfect in itself. It’s all a metaphor.”
exhibition at the Serpentine in London. I loved
that show, with its re-creations of giant inflat- ART AS A SPECTACLE
able toys made from stainless steel and ludicrous 8. The new show will be at the Ashmolean in
Popeye paintings. But was it fun? No question Oxford, and it’s all thanks to some Oxford stu-
– and it’s even more fun seeing those pieces and dents who voted him their favourite contempo-
many more closeup in his studio. rary artist. Koons came to give a talk, one thing
led to another, and now he’s on display at the
6. His famous inflatable pieces are so realistic world’s oldest university museum. Like Damien
that when I reach out to squeeze what looks like Hirst and Takashi Murakami, it is often said that
a blowup plastic seal and find myself touching Koons’s art is best experienced in person – to get
cold hard steel instead, the sensory confusion a sense of its genuine spectacle, although I’m not
makes me burst out laughing. Scattered through sure I’d recommend asking Koons about this.
the maze-like rooms in the studio are re-creations
of his giant “porcelain” figures, also made from 9. “I hope people who view the exhibition feel a
stainless steel. One, an especially kitschy image sense of wow, but realise that wow is about their
of two deer rubbing their noses together, looks own being, and what gives them that wow is
like the kind of thing a little girl would pick out their own potential in the areas they’re most
interested in, not in the areas I’m interested in.”
Despite Koons’s emphasis on accessibility in his
licence autorisation / work ici, œuvre / ft = foot pied
work –what he calls “removal of hierarchy” – it
(30,48 cm) / west highland terrier race de chiens
d'origine écossaise, couramment appelée « Westie » / to often feels like you need either a PhD or a lo-
be made out of être composé/fait de / to maintain botomy to understand his explanations. l
entretenir / critical assessment critique / to
manufacture fabriquer, créer.
4. to feel, felt, felt uncomfortable se sentir mal à l'aise giftshop boutique de souvenirs / astonishment (avec)
/ to fetch atteindre (prix), se vendre à. stupéfaction.
5. show ici, exposition / exhibition exposition / 7. to nod hocher la tête / to expect as much ne pas en
ludicrous ridicule, grotesque / no question bien sûr, attendre moins / to go, went, gone for rechercher / to
évidemment / closeup gros plan; ici, détail. remove supprimer.
6. to reach out to tendre la main pour / to squeeze 8. talk ici, conférence / one thing led to another une
presser / blowup ici, gonflé / seal phoque / to burst, chose en amenant une autre / to be on display être
burst, burst out laughing éclater de rire / scattered exposé / genuine véritable, authentique.
éparpillé / maze labyrinthe / deer (inv.) cerf / to rub (se) 9. own propre / area domaine / emphasis insistance /
frotter; ici, ...collant leurs nez l'un contre l'autre... / kind PhD = Doctor of Philosophy doctorat / explanation
genre / to pick out choisir / explication.

Culture I Cinéma I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
THE ECONOMIST
DISNEY GOES
BACK TO THE
FUTURE
Disney revient vers le futur
L’éléphanteau préféré des petits et des grands est de retour au cinéma !
Réalisée par Tim Burton, la nouvelle production des studios Disney, en salles le
27 mars, n’est autre qu’une version « live action » du dessin-animé Dumbo de
1941. Et ce n’est pas tout. Aladdin et Le Roi Lion auront aussi droit à leur remake
cette année. Comment Disney envisage-t-il de revisiter ses propres classiques ?
I n January 1991 Jeffrey Katzenberg, then

chairman of Walt Disney Studios, sent a
28-page memo to his colleagues. Entitled “The
World is Changing: Some Thoughts on Our
and whizzy effects, he urged, and concentrate
on developing original ideas and executing
them well. “People don’t want to see what
they’ve already seen,” he said. “Our job is not to
studio seems to have found a magic formula:
extravagant remakes of animated fantasies
that audiences already love.
Business”, it lamented that the studio had lost count on recycled formulas, but to create and NEVER-ENDING STORY
its way. The finances were sound—Disney had develop fresh, new stories.” 3. Cinderella (2015) made $535m from a budg-
outdone its competitors at the box office the et of $95m. The Jungle Book (2016) took $963m
year before—but Mr Katzenberg felt the com- 2. His advice now seems from $175m. The $300m mar-
pany was unduly focused on blockbusters. It quaint. Of the ten most ex- keting and production budg-
should be less fixated on big budgets, big names pensive films ever made, Dis- et of Beauty and the Beast
ney is responsible for six. In Generations (2017), starring Emma Wat-
2012 the studio hired Alan son, Emma Thompson, Ewan
1. chairman président / to entitle intituler / thought Horn as its chairman after a of children McGregor and Ian McKellen,
réflexion / to lament déplorer (le fait que) / to lose,
lost, lost one's way s'égarer, prendre une mauvaise
successful stint at Warner grew up on its made it the most expensive
direction / sound stable / to outdo, did, done
Brothers, where he had de-
voted a hefty share of the
animated musical ever.
surpasser / competitor concurrent / unduly
excessivement; ici, trop / to focus on être axé sur / budget to a handful of “event backlist. Princesses and talking
4.
films”, such as the Harry Pot- animals are not the only char-
ter series. If the average acters to have been sum-
American only sees around moned back to the screen:
five movies a year, he reasoned, they are most audiences have been swamped by hordes of
likely to opt for “something of high production wizards, cape-wearers, dinosaurs and Jedi. But
value, be it because of the story, or the stars in this fairy-tale realm, Disney has an edge.
"Reboots of old flicks involved, or the special visual effects”. And the Generations of children grew up on its ani-
are one of Disney’s
staples". (§ 4)
To go to the flicks/the pictures/the whizzy ultramoderne / to urge conseiller vivement / animated fantasy film d'animation, dessin animé /
cinema/the movies aller au ciné fresh ici, original. audience public, spectateurs.
"The flicks", une expression des 2. advice (inv.) conseil(s) / quaint d'un autre temps, 3. starring avec dans les rôles principaux (to star
années 60 qui se réfère aux images désuet / to hire embaucher, engager, recruter / stint jouer le rôle principal) / ever de tous les temps.
qui "dansaient" à l'écran. période de travail; ici, passage, expérience / to devote 4. character personnage / to summon appeler, faire
consacrer / hefty important, considérable / share part venir; ici, to summon back rappeler / screen écran / to
To flicker danser, osciller, vaciller, / handful poignée, quelques / average moyen / to be
trembloter swamp submerger / wizard sorcier / fairy-tale (de)
likely to être susceptible de / to be involved être conte de fées / realm univers / edge ici, avantage /
impliqué; ici, jouer dans le film /
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
7. Producers and directors can now draw on

astoundingly sophisticated computer-gener-
ated effects. Except for the actor who played
Mowgli, The Jungle Book was entirely digital;
the authentically lush rainforest and convinc-
ing animals earned an Oscar. Jon Favreau, the
director, will apply the same techniques to
The Lion King. “We can put any animal next
to a real one and not be able to tell the differ-
ence,” claims Richard Stammers, the visual-
effects supervisor on Dumbo. Still, Mr Katzen-
berg’s insistence on “fresh, new stories” has
not been wholly discredited. There are only so
many venerable cartoons to revisit. l
7. to draw, drew, drawn on s'appuyer sur, utiliser /

astoundingly étonnamment / digital numérique /
lush luxuriant / rainforest forêt tropicale / to earn
gagner, remporter / to claim affirmer / still pourtant /
wholly totalement / venerable vénéré.
Dumbo
Mena Massoud as Aladdin in Disney’s upcoming Aladdin. (2018 Disney Enterprises, Inc.)
mated backlist, and enough time has passed ics but in terms of spirit,” explains Sean Bailey,
to retell the classics using new technology the studio’s president of production. The
(and for fans to take children of their own). original Disney identified stories that had
Reboots of old flicks are one of Disney’s sta- enduring appeal and adapted them to his era,
ples. In 2019 it will add Dumbo, Aladdin and Mr Bailey says; “then he applied the very best
The Lion King to its roster of “live-action re- talent and technology that he could.”
makes”, which replace the original cartoons
with filmed footage and computer-generated ATTRACTING STARS
imagery. Pinocchio, Snow White, James and 6. Today that means attracting stars—Ms
the Giant Peach, Peter Pan and The Little Watson as Belle, Donald Glover and Beyoncé
Mermaid will follow. as Simba and Nala, Will Smith as the Genie—
and directors who reinforce each title’s
5. A crucial step in these renovations is to tap strengths. Tim Burton is a good fit for a story
into the films’ existing fan base by zealously about a persecuted circus elephant and a ne-
monitoring online forums and quizzing focus farious entertainment magnate, because
groups. A few purist fans decry any updates, Dumbo’s outsider status is “a central charac- Dumbo, which will be released on 29
but the typical viewer covets the big moments teristic that also runs through all of [Mr March, is a live-action remake of Disney’s
while being less fussy about the details. That Burton’s] work”, according to Derek Frey, the 1941 cartoon of the same name. Directed
by Tim Burton, it will be quite different
leaves room for plot changes and character film’s producer. Guy Ritchie’s aptitude for
from the original film, focusing on the
development. “We looked back a lot at what raucous action sequences lends itself to Alad- character of Holt (Colin Farrell), a former
Walt Disney had done, not in terms of specif- din, a fable about a mischievous street urchin. circus star who comes back broken from
the war but who is hired by circus owner
Max Medici (Danny DeVito) to take care of
Dumbo, a newborn elephant with
backlist liste des films (d'animation) disponibles ; ici, specifics (dans les) détails / enduring pérenne /
oversized ears. The movie also stars
(ses) classiques / of one's own à soi; ici, leurs enfants / appeal charme.
reboot nouvelle version / flick film / staple élément
Michael Keaton and Eva Green. Danny
6. director ici, réalisateur / title ici, film / strength Elfman, a frequent collaborator of Tim
de base; ici, procédé habituel / roster liste, catalogue / force, point fort / to be a good fit convenir
live-action en prise de vue réelle / footage Burton, has composed the score.
parfaitement / nefarious diabolique, vil /
séquences, images / mermaid sirène. entertainment (du) spectacle / to run, ran, run to release sortir (sur les écrans) / live-action en
5. step étape / to tap into exploiter / zealously through ici, imprégner, se retrouver dans / according prise de vue réelle / cartoon dessin animé / to
ardemment / to monitor surveiller / to quizz interroger, to d'après, selon / raucous très animé / to lend, lent, focus on se concentrer sur / to hire engager,
tester / focus group groupe test, panel / to decry lent itself to se prêter à / mischievous espiègle / embaucher / newborn nouveau-né / oversized
critiquer, dénigrer / update nouvelle version / to covet street urchin gamin des rues. surdimensionné, énorme / to star avoir pour
convoiter; ici, attendre avec impatience / fussy tatillon, vedette(s) / score ici, musique, bande originale.
pointilleux / room ici, marge / plot histoire, intrigue /

ÉchosBrèves de culture
Comic book heroine

Democratic U.S. Congresswoman
(Patrick T. Fallon/The New York Times)

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez will be
the heroine of a new comic book.
The youngest woman to ever be
elected to the U.S. Congress, she
has become a rising star of Amer-
ican politics. She has inspired in-
dependent U.S. press Devil’s
Due Comics, who will release a
comic book featuring the Rep-
resentative fighting against the Oscars gift bags
establishment. Titled Alexan-
dria Ocasio-Cortez and the Last month, the 2019 Oscars crowned
(Illustration: Tim Seely and Josh Blaylock/ Devil's Due Comics)
Olivia Colman as best actress and Rami

Freshman Force, the book will Malek as best actor. But those who didn’t
come out on 15 May. Devil’s win an Oscar didn’t leave the ceremony
Due publisher, Josh Blaylock, empty-handed: each nominee was given a
said that everyone contribut- highly sought after gift bag. The bag,
ing to the project “shared a whose value is estimated to be in the
six-figure range, contained, among others,
common excitement for the therapy sessions with a phobia expert, 15
breath of fresh air the new pairs of luxury false eyelashes, a Mister
Congress brings.” A portion Poop emoji loo brush and various cannabis-
of the book’s proceeds will infused lotions and edibles.
go to nonprofits. Ocasio- gift bag pochette cadeau / to crown couronner /
Cortez previously revealed empty-handed les mains vides, bredouille /
she is a fan of comic books. highly sought after (très) recherché / in the
six-figure range dans les six chiffres (range
comic book (de) bande dessinée / congresswoman membre du Congrès / ever ici, jamais auparavant / rising gamme) / eyelash cil / Mister Poop (VF)
star étoile montante / to release publier / to feature ici, mettre en scène / representative membre de la monsieur Caca / emoji émoticône (combinaison de
Chambre des représentants / establishment pouvoir en place, classes dirigeantes / freshman débutant, novice, caractères pour figurer une émotion) / loo brush
ici nouvel élu (du Congrès) / publisher éditeur / excitement enthousiasme / proceeds recettes / nonprofit brosse de toilette / edible produit comestible.
organisation à but non lucratif / previously auparavant.
Tutankhamun in
London
Breaking Bad movie The Saatchi
A Breaking Bad Gallery in London
movie, sequel will temporarily
to the TV show host 150 original
starring Bryan artefacts
Cranston and from King
Aaron Paul, Tutankhamun’s
is currently in tomb, sixty of
production. It will which have never
focus on Aaron left Egypt before,
Paul’s character, for an exhibition
Jesse Pinkman. set to open in
(SIPA)
Written and November. This

directed by Vince is the largest
(Frank Ockenfels/AP/SIPA)
Gilligan, the creator number of King Tutankhamun treasures

of the TV show, ever to leave Egypt. The exhibition, which
it is being shot in marks the upcoming centenary of the
Albuquerque, and discovery of the pharaoh’s tomb by British
expected to be explorer Howard Carter in 1922, is due to
released on Netflix. visit nine other cities across the world.
sequel suite / show ici, série / to star avoir pour vedette(s) / to be in production être en préparation / to focus to host accueillir / artefact objet / exhibition
on se concentrer sur / to direct réaliser / to shoot, shot, shot ici, tourner, filmer / to be expected to devoir exposition / to be set to être prévu, devoir /
(selon les prévisions). upcoming imminent, à venir.

Découverte I Technologie I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Notre animatrice Shelly De Vito nous présente d’autres dispositifs
technologiques permettant de mesurer et d’analyser des données
diverses... comme la qualité d’une poignée de main !
The soft, wearable patch designed by John Rogers

measures the chemical contents of sweat on the skin.
(J. Rogers, Northwestern University via
The New York Times)
THE NEW YORK TIMES APOORVA MANDAVILLI
YOUR SWEAT
WILL SEE YOU NOW
Un patch capable d'analyser la sueur (le titre en VO fait réf. à une expression consacrée
"the doctor will see you know" le docteur va vous recevoir)
Imaginez un petit outil, facilement maniable, qui soit capable de vous alerter sur vos problèmes de santé en temps réel.
Une première version de cet outil du futur vient d’être mise au point par une équipe d’ingénieurs de l’université Northwestern.
Le patch connecté qu’ils viennent de créer collecte et analyse la transpiration de celui qui le porte pour lui fournir des
informations sur son état de santé. Comment ce dispositif fonctionne-t-il ?
S omeday soon, perhaps within a year,

you’ll be able to slap a soft, stretchy
patch on to your arm that tells you if you’re
dehydrated. Or that your electrolytes are
they tend to be rigid and bulky, and most-
ly gather mechanical metrics, rather than
assess a person’s underlying biology.
once, producing a real-time snapshot of the
wearer’s health or fitness. These devices
also fit intimately against the skin, and are
comfortable for anyone, from premature
dangerously out of balance. Or even that 2. A new generation of devices instead aim babies to the elderly. One version is already
you have diabetes. Fitness trackers such as to analyze sweat for many chemicals at being advertised by Gatorade. >>>
Fitbit and Apple Watch already track step
counts, heart rate and sleep rhythms. But
to tend to avoir tendance à (généralement) / bulky at once simultanément / snapshot instantané, ici
1. someday soon un jour prochain / to slap volumineux, encombrant / to gather collecter, aperçu / wearer ici, utilisateur / to fit ici, se placer, se
appliquer (du plat de la main) / stretchy élastique / recueillir / metric mesure, paramètre / to assess positionner (to fit against the skin épouser la
electrolyte électrolyte ici, sels minéraux circulant évaluer / underlying sous-jacent. peau) / elderly personnes âgées / to advertise faire
dans le sang / to be out of balance être en 2. device appareil, objet / to aim to viser, chercher de la publicité pour, promouvoir.
déséquilibre / fitness tracker ici, accessoire connecté à / chemical substance chimique /
mesurant l'activité physique / step count nombre de
pas / heart rate rythme cardiaque /

Découverte Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
>>> 3. The latest advance in this technology, it,” Rogers said. “There’s nothing that pen- 9. Rogers’ team has been testing their de-
described in January in the journal Science etrates the skin, and there’s no power sup- vice with children who have cystic fibrosis
Advances, provides real-time information ply that’s driving flow.” at Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago. It
on the wearer’s pH, sweat rate, and levels is in the late stages of a clinical trial, and
of chloride, glucose and lactate — high 6. To be marketed at large scale, any sweat- plans to apply for approval from the Food
levels of which could signal cystic fibrosis, based sensor would need to be manufac- and Drug Administration.
diabetes or a lack of oxygen. “It fits into a tured at a low cost. Many teams are fo-
broader trend that you’re seeing in medi- cused on this goal because of the potential 10.A much bigger market for sensors lies
cine, which is personalized, tailored ap- of the devices to transform health care, in helping the approximately 30 million
proaches to treatment and delivery of care,” Kaltenbrunner said. “If I have to go to the people with diabetes in the United States
said John Rogers, a biomedical engineer at clinic once a day to have my data collected, track their glucose levels. The most ad-
Northwestern University I wouldn’t really do it,” vanced diabetes sensor, approved by the
in Illinois and the key ar- Kaltenbrunner said. “But FDA in 2017, is a soft skin patch coupled to
chitect of the device. Rogers’ team if it just means wearing a a small reader, and relies on tiny needles
ALL IN ONE DEVICE

has begun patch and being able to
self-monitor myself, then
that pierce the skin to monitor blood glu-
cose. The ideal device would not involve
4. Technology like this has testing the eventually this barrier will needles or draw blood. To use sweat instead,
been anticipated for years, technology as be reduced.” however, scientists first need to learn more
but the field has acceler- about it — how sweat rates vary among
ated rapidly. Some similar a way to screen 7. Rogers’ team has begun individuals, how different biochemicals
devices in development for cystic testing the technology as make their way into sweat, and how well
are soft. Some use electric
sensors to read chemicals.
fibrosis. a way to screen for cystic
fibrosis, a rare genetic con-
those levels reflect blood glucose. l
Others rely on colorimet- dition. Doctors already

9. to be in the late stages of en être aux derniers
rics, in which the intensity look at chloride concentra- stades de / clinical trial essai clinique / to apply for
of the color in the readout matches the tions in sweat to identify children with the faire une demande de / Food and Drug
concentration of the chemical being mon- condition, but they typically use a rigid, Administration (FDA) organisme fédéral de
itored. The new device delivers all of that uncomfortable device that straps tightly contrôle des produits alimentaires et
in a battery-free and wireless form. “This onto the child’s arm for a one-time meas- pharmaceutiques.
looks like the first version in which they urement. 10. to lie, lay, lain in... être lié à... / needle aiguille /
integrated all of it in one device,” said to draw, drew, drawn blood prélever du sang / to
Martin Kaltenbrunner, an engineering POTENTIAL MARKETS make, made, made one’s way se frayer un chemin
ici, arriver.
professor at Joannes Kepler University 8. In 2017, another team described a flexi-
Linz, in Austria, who was not involved in ble, wearable sensor that also analyzes
the research. “The level of technology that chloride in sweat to screen for cystic fibro-
is in this paper is very, very advanced.” sis. But that sensor is battery-powered, and
does not capture separate volumes of sweat
5. The new device has minuscule holes at as Rogers’ device does. “Really what is SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
its base into which sweat naturally flows. needed is big data for human health,” said
From there, a complex network of valves Ali Javey, a member of the team that pro-
and microchannels, each roughly the width posed the earlier sensor and a professor of Comment parler de
of a human hair, route the sweat into tiny electrical engineering and computer sci- l'âge :
reservoirs. Each reservoir contains a sensor ence at the University of California, Berke- My son is two. / My son is two years
that reacts with a chemical in the sweat, ley. The device invented by Rogers “is re- old. Mon fils a deux ans.
such as glucose or lactate. “That’s basically ally important,” Javey said, because it is My grandmother is old. Ma grand-
“comfortable to wear, has different sensing mère est âgée.
modalities and is robust.” My sister is older than me. Ma sœur
3. journal revue (spécialisée) / chloride chlorure / to est plus âgée que moi.
signal indiquer / cystic fibrosis mucoviscidose / to
fit into s'inscrire dans, correspondre à / trend My great grandmother is the oldest
power supply alimentation en énergie. person in the family. Mon arrière
tendance / tailored sur mesure, adapté / delivery of
care (fourniture de) soins, prise en charge. 6. to market commercialiser / scale échelle / to grand-mère est la personne la plus
manufacture fabriquer, produire / eventually à âgée de la famille.
4. field domaine, secteur d’activité / sensor terme / barrier obstacle.
capteur / to rely on s’appuyer sur / readout Mais on dit :
affichage / to match correspondre à / to monitor 7. to screen for dépister / condition maladie,
my elder daughter ma fille ainée
contrôler, surveiller / to deliver communiquer / pathologie / to strap attacher, sangler / tightly
étroitement / one-time ponctuel.
(j'ai deux enfants)
battery-free sans pile / wireless sans fil / paper
article, étude. 8. wearable portable / battery-powered à pile(s) / my eldest daughter l’ainée de mes
big data volume important de données / computer enfants (j'ai plusieurs enfants)
5. to flow couler, s’écouler / roughly à peu près / to
route acheminer / basically en gros / science informatique / sensing détection. the elderly (§ 2) les personnes âgées
Découverte I Zoologie I ROYAUME-UNI I  A2-B1
THE GUARDIAN IAN TUCKER
FIVE SMART THINGS

HONEYBEES CAN DO
Cinq exemples de l'intelligence des abeilles
On dit souvent que ce n’est pas la taille qui compte. Cela est particulièrement vrai dans le cas des abeilles. Pourvues d’un
minuscule cerveau, les abeilles sont aussi dotées d’une intelligence rare. Elles sont notamment capables d’effectuer des calculs
plus complexes que certains enfants, et excellent dans l’art de la communication. Un journaliste du Guardian décrit cinq de leurs
compétences les plus impressionnantes.
CRUNCH NUMBERS learn to gain a reward and then show others to UNDERSTAND ZERO
1. Last month, Australian scientists announced do the same. The bees were taught by a decoy 4. Honeybees were the first insect species to be
that honeybees (Apis mellifera) can learn to add bee to move a small ball to a particular location observed to have a concept of zero, a numerical
and subtract. Fourteen bees were put through – and some of them even managed to solve the notion that human children find difficult to
100 training exercises in a maze – and got the task more efficiently by shortening the distance. learn. Researchers from RMIT University in
correct answer between 64% and 72% of the time. Melbourne last year showed that bees
“It is not that every bee could do this [spontane- GIVE DIRECTIONS conceive zero as a number but they
ously], but we could teach them to do it,” said Dr 3. Karl von Frisch was awarded were unclear why had this mathe-
Adrian Dyer, co-author of the research. the 1973 Nobel prize for decod- matical skill.
ing the “waggle dance” per-
SOLVE TASKS formed by bees to inform hive- SHARE DECISIONS
2. In 2017, researchers from Queen Mary Uni- mates about the location of pollen 5. Bees have also developed a sense of
versity of London demonstrated that bees can sources. On returning to the hive, a democracy. When looking for a location for a
bee vibrates its wings in such a way new home for, say, 10,000 bees, 300 older bees
as to relay information about the location form a “senate” and fly off looking for options.
1. to crunch numbers effectuer des calculs / honeybee
abeille (mellifère) / to add ici, additionner / to subtract
of food in relation to the position of the sun. They use the waggle dance described above to
soustraire / to put, put, put through faire subir, communicate the potential locations, the num-
soumettre à / training exercise exercice ber of dance repetitions indicating the quality
(d'entraînement) / maze labyrinthe / research (inv.) reward récompense / decoy leurre ici, fausse / location
emplacement, lieu / efficiently efficacement / to
of the site. l
ici, étude.
shorten raccourcir.
2. to solve a task accomplir une tâche / researcher
chercheur / to demonstrate faire la démonstration, 3. to give, gave, given directions indiquer un chemin / 4. species (inv.) espèce(s) / RMIT = Royal
apporter la preuve (de) / to award décerner, attribuer / waggle dance danse des Melbourne Institute of Technology / to conceive
abeilles (to waggle agiter) / to perform exécuter / concevoir, comprendre / they were unclear why... ils
hive-mate ici, congénère (de la même ruche, hive) / to ne savaient pas très bien pourquoi... / skill aptitude,
relay transmettre, faire passer. compétence.
5. sense ici, esprit / say disons, par exemple / to fly,
flew, flown off s'envoler.
(Istock)

Les sorties Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr
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Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…
LIVRES
CINÉMA JANE EYRE NUITS APPALACHES
De Charlotte Brontë De Chris Offutt
BOY ERASED Jane Eyre À la fin de la guerre de Corée,
De Joel Edgerton suit les Tucker, 18 ans, retourne dans son
Jared Eamons tribulations Kentucky natal. Son chemin
d’une jeune croise alors celui de la jeune
(Lucas Hedges,
orpheline au Rhonda. Amoureux au premier
époustouflant), 19
caractère regard, tous deux décident de se
ans, vient d’entrer marier. Des années plus tard,
à l’université. bien trempé
dans Tucker travaille pour un
Originaire d’une trafiquant d’alcool de la région.
petite ville rurale l’Angleterre
du début du Sa femme et lui n’ont pas été
de l’Arkansas, il est épargnés par la vie. Lorsque les
XIXe siècle.
le fils d’un pasteur services sociaux menacent de leur
Après une
baptiste. Lorsque retirer la garde de leurs cinq
enfance
son homosexualité éprouvante, enfants, Tucker commet
est brutalement Jane Eyre l’irréparable. Ce roman noir met
dévoilée à ses entre comme préceptrice au manoir de en scène des personnages au
parents, deux Thornfield Hall, où elle est chargée de grand cœur cabossés par la vie.
choix s’offrent à l’éducation de la pupille du maître des Un bel hommage aux
lui : suivre une lieux, le riche et énigmatique M. communautés rurales des
thérapie de Rochester. Très vite, elle développe des contreforts des Appalaches
conversion censée sentiments inattendus pour le Éditions Gallmeister - 21€40.
le rendre hétéro- châtelain, qui cache un lourd secret...
sexuel, ou quitter définitivement le foyer. Il intègre alors le Classique de la littérature anglaise du
programme chrétien « Love In Action ». Adaptation XIXe siècle, aujourd’hui réédité par les
brillante du récit autobiographique de Garrard Conley, ce éditions 10/18, Jane Eyre puise son
film lève le voile sur une pratique autorisée dans 36 états inspiration dans le roman d’apprentis-
américains malgré les contre-indications des psychiatres, sage mais aussi dans le roman
et sur les conséquences néfastes de cette pratique. La gothique et romantique. Péripéties,
complexité des personnages et les touches d’humour suspense et féminisme sont à l’honneur
savamment dosées en font un film très juste, qui ques- dans cette œuvre qui a défrayé la
tionne sans faire la leçon. Nicole Kidman est méconnais- chronique à son époque.
sable en mère aimante tiraillée Éditions 10/18 - 7€80.
entre ses convictions et un fils er !
Des es qu’elle aime profondément. Des exemplaires à gagn
plac gner ! sur www.vocable.fr
à ga .fr
Avec Lucas Hedges, Nicole Kidman,
ble Joel Edgerton et Russell Crowe.
w.voca
sur ww En salles le 27 mars.
TÉLÉVISION
EXPOSITION JOSÉPHINE BAKER, PREMIÈRE ICÔNE NOIRE
CORNWALL - JOAKIM ESKILDSEN D’Ilana Navaro
Le photographe danois Joakim Eskildsen s’est rendu en Cornouailles à À découvrir sur Arte, un
quatre reprises entre 2016 et 2018. Il en a tiré une série de photos fascinant documentaire
poétiques illustrant la vie sur l’artiste américaine
quotidienne des naturalisée française
habitants de cette région Joséphine Baker,
sauvage et reculée du considérée comme la
Royaume-Uni. Ces première célébrité noire,
magnifiques clichés sont qui fut notamment
visibles à la Polka Galerie
espionne pour la France
jusqu’au mois de mai.
Libre pendant la
Du 23 mars au 18 mai. Seconde Guerre
Polka Galerie, Cour de Mondiale.
Venise, 12 rue Saint-Gilles,
À voir sur Arte le 24 mars
75003 Paris.
à 17h35.

le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS
deal! ici, banco ! / to lift sanctions lever les sanctions.
A SERIES OF DEFEATS
Last month, U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un, met for their second summit.
This historical meeting took place in Hanoi, Vietnam, but was cut short after the two sides failed to reach a
deal on nuclear disarmament. Trump stated that he had to “walk” because North Korea wanted all of the
sanctions to be lifted before dismantling the Yongbyon nuclear facility. At the same time as these talks were
taking place, another crucial event was unfolding in Washington, D.C. Michael Cohen, Donald Trump’s former
attorney, gave an explosive public testimony before Congress, where he accused Trump of having prior
knowledge of his son’s June 2016 meeting with a Russian lawyer and that WikiLeaks was poised to release
damaging information about Hillary Clinton, among other things. “He is a racist. He is a con man. And he is a
cheat,” he said of the American president.
defeat ici, revers / to cut, cut, cut short abréger, interrompre / side partie, camp ici, dirigeant / to fail ici, échouer / nuclear disarmament désarmement nucléaire / to
state déclarer / to walk ici, tourner les talons, mettre un terme aux négociations / to dismantle démanteler / nuclear facility complexe nucléaire / talks négociations / to
unfold se dérouler / attorney avocat / testimony témoignage / to have prior knowledge of sth avoir connaissance au préalable de qqch / lawyer avocat(e) / to be
poised to être sur le point de / damaging préjudiciable / con man escroc / cheat tricheur.
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8. (a) a word showing there is a choice : …….….….…….. live …………………………