4 pages centrales de quiz pour progresser en anglais

PRATIC’ABLE Must, mustn't, have to, had to, should, ought to / Vocabulaire : louer un appartement

N° 795 / Anglais Du 7 au 20 février 2019 / 3,60 €

La presse internationale en V.O. pour progresser en anglais

INSIDE JEFF BEZOS’

AMAZON
EMPIRE
THE E-COMMERCE GIANT’S HUMAN RESOURCES
AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

SOCIETY
BACK TO THE
LAND
THE GUARDIAN

CINEMA
OLIVIA COLMAN
ON THE
FAVOURITE
THE NEW YORK TIMES

TECH
FIVE WAYS
TECHNOLOGY
WILL CHANGE
IN 2019
THE OBSERVER

L 18716 - 795 - F: 3,60 €

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destinations
humaines
édito sommaire N° 795 / Du 7 au 20 février 2019
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  diicile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF Grand angle ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
On parle d'eux ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

La success story À la une

 B2-C1
d’Amazon Will Amazon’s workers unionise?
Aux États-Unis, les salariés des centres de distribution Amazon s’organisent.
THE ECONOMIST (UK) .............. 6

Plus de 600 000 employés dans le monde entier,

environ 23 millions de mètres carrés de bureaux  A2-B1 Focus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
et d’entrepôts, et une valeur boursière de 797
milliards de dollars... bienvenue dans l’empire  A2-B1 Zoom sur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Amazon ! Le mois dernier, l’entreprise de Jeff
Bezos a franchi un nouveau cap en devenant  A2-B1 Sur le vif ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
l’entreprise cotée la plus chère du monde. L’exploit
est de taille mais surprend à peine. Véritable
success story à l’américaine, l’histoire d’Amazon est
Société
celle d’un empire construit par Jeff Bezos à partir  B2-C1 Back to the land THE GUARDIAN (UK) ............................................................................................................... 12
de rien, ou presque. C’est en 1995 qu’Amazon.com
Quand les Millennials quittent la ville.
voit le jour, depuis le garage de son fondateur. Ce
n’est alors qu’un site de vente de livres par corres-  B2-C1
pondance. Avec la diversiication de ses activités Migrants crossing the Channel by boat THE ECONOMIST (UK) .......... 14
Des migrants prêts à tout pour atteindre le Royaume-Uni.
et son entrée en Bourse en 1997, le succès est au
rendez-vous. La personnalité entrepreneuriale  A2-B1
et la vision de long terme de Jeff Bezos, l’homme À 360° ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
le plus riche du monde, n’y sont pas pour rien.
Aujourd’hui, Amazon, leader mondial du com- PRATIC’ABLE ................................................................................................................................. 17
merce en ligne, ne cesse d’ouvrir des entrepôts sur Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
tous les continents, créant de nombreux emplois. comme un anglophone
Dans son pays d’origine, où plus de 125 000 sala- Louer un appartement / Must, mustn’t, have to, had to, should, ought to /
riés travaillent dans ses centres de distribution, le Soignez votre orthographe / Jeux de mots
géant du e-commerce est le deuxième employeur
privé. L’ouverture prochaine de deux nouveaux
sièges sociaux sur la côte Est devrait permettre
la création de 50 000 emplois supplémentaires.
Mais, dans ses centres de distribution, les condi-
Enjeux
 B2-C1 The battle for Facebook, Twitter and Instagram
tions de travail des salariés ont bien souvent été THE GUARDIAN (UK) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
épinglées, que ce soit aux États-Unis ou en Europe. Les dirigeants politiques, nouvelles stars des réseaux sociaux.
En novembre, le géant a fait un premier pas de
taille en augmentant le salaire minimum de ses  B2-C1 The end of Netlix's golden age? THE GUARDIAN (UK) ......................................... 23
employés aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. Cela
Le marché du streaming se diversiie.
sufira-t-il à calmer les revendications ?
Bonne lecture !  A2-B1 Les échos ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur

Culture
 C1-C2 Uneasy lies the head that wears the crowns
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
BONUS Rencontre avec l’actrice britannique Olivia Colman.

 C1-C2 How the boy next door conquered pop THE INDEPENDENT (UK) .... 29
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3 Ed Sheeran, un chanteur pop « ordinaire » qui a conquis les charts.
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension

Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des Découverte

anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture  C1-C2 Five ways technology will change in 2019 THE OBSERVER (UK) ...... 31
Quels changements dans le monde des nouvelles technologies pour 2019 ?
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Les sorties .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Photo de couverture : Kyle Johnson/The New York Times Le dessin ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
 Grand L’actualité en images

angle

(Dinendra Haria/LNP/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)

ROYAUME-UNI
NO TROUSERS TUBE RIDE
Journée sans pantalon dans le métro (ride trajet)
Last month, on January 13, the “No Trousers Tube Ride” took place in London. On this
occasion, some passengers rode the underground while not wearing trousers. It is
estimated that about 500 people participated. It was the 10th anniversary of this
annual event, which started in New York City as the “No Pants Subway Ride” in 2002.
Londres
Originally a prank staged by seven men, it has since grown into an international
celebration of silliness, with dozens of cities including London participating each year
worldwide. In January 2016, the event happened for the irst time in Moscow, Russia.
to take, took, taken place avoir lieu / to ride, rode, ridden emprunter, prendre / underground = tube (GB) métro /
prank farce, plaisanterie, canular / to stage monter, organiser / to grow, grew, grown into devenir / silliness ici, joie,
folie / worldwide dans le monde entier.

4 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019

 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

Andy Murray
After his irst-round loss to Bautista Agut at
this year’s Australian Open, Andy Murray
tearfully hinted that the match could be the
last in his career. He was initially planning to
retire after Wimbledon because of his hip in-
jury. The 31-year old Scottish tennis player,
considered by many as the greatest sports-
man in Scottish history, reached the ATP’s No.
1 ranking for the irst time at the end of the
2016 season after winning Wimbledon. But

(Ella Ling/BPI/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
he has been struggling with a hip injury for
20 months. “Maybe I'll see you again. I'll do
everything possible to try,” he said.
round ici, tour / to ici, contre / tearfully à travers ses larmes / to
hint laisser entendre, suggérer / to retire prendre sa retraite /
hip (à la) hanche / injury blessure / to reach atteindre /
ranking classement / to struggle lutter, se débattre.
(Wiktor Szymanowicz/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)

(Rob Pinney/LNP/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
(SIPA)

Tulip Siddiq Kirsten Gillibrand Theresa May

Labour MP for Hampstead and Kilburn, Tulip The Democratic senator for New York, Kirsten On 15 January, British Prime Minister Theresa
Siddiq, postponed the scheduled birth of her Gillibrand, announced her candidacy for May’s Brexit deal was rejected by 230 votes. It
baby by C-section by two days in order to president in 2020. “As a young mom I am is the largest defeat for a sitting government
attend Parliament for the crucial Brexit vote going to ight for other people’s kids as hard as in history, and a severe blow for May. Some 118
on 15 January. Proxy voting does not apply in I would ight for my own,” she said. Appointed Conservative MPs voted with the opposition
Parliament, but the pairing system enables to the U.S. Senate in 2009, Gillibrand has been parties against her deal. Immediately after her
MPs to null their vote by arranging for an a leading Trump critic and strong advocate for defeat, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn tabled a
opposing voter to withdraw. Tulip Siddiq women’s and gay rights. She is joining a 2020 vote of no conidence in the government,
stated that she had “no faith” in this system presidential Democratic primary contest that which was debated the next day, and
and that she wanted to attend “the biggest features a record number of women, Elizabeth ultimately defeated by the Prime Minister.
vote of [her] lifetime.” Warren and Tulsi Gabbard having already
entered the race. deal accord / sitting en place / blow coup (dur),
labour (du parti) travailliste / MP = Member of choc, camoulet / to table déposer / vote of no
Parliament, membre du parlement, député / to own propre, personnel; ici les miens / to appoint conidence vote de déiance / ultimately
postpone reporter, retarder / scheduled nommer (au) / advocate défenseur / contest ici, inalement / to defeat rejeter.
programmé / C-section césarienne / in order to ain élection / to feature comporter / race course (à la
de, pour / to attend aller à, se rendre (au); aussi, présidence).
assister (à) / proxy (par) procuration / pairing ici, de
«jumelage» / to enable permettre / to withdraw,
drew, drawn se retirer; ici, ne pas voter / to state
déclarer / faith foi, coniance.

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 •5

 À la une
613,300
THE ECONOMIST
WILL AMAZON’S
WORKERS UNIONISE?
Les salariés d'Amazon vont-ils se syndiquer ?
Avec une valeur boursière de 797 milliards de dollars, Amazon, le géant américain du
commerce en ligne, est devenu le mois dernier l’entreprise privée la plus chère du
monde. Si son histoire a de quoi faire rêver, Amazon n’a pourtant pas été épargnée par
les polémiques, notamment sur la question des conditions de travail. Aux États-Unis,
depuis décembre, les employés de ses centres de tri tentent de constituer un syndicat.
Comment cela va-t-il impacter la stratégie RH d’Amazon ?
I nside the Amazon fulfilment centre
in Monee, Illinois, the temperature
is pleasant and the whirr of machines
bearable. “Stowers” take items from yellow
containers and place them on shelves after
scanning their location. “Pickers” follow
instruction on screens, grab items from
1. fulilment centre (GB) = fulillment center
(US) centre de distribution / whirr ronronnement,
vrombissement / bearable supportable / stower
stower, personne chargée de ranger (to stow) les
articles / item article, produit / container ici, boîte,
bac / shelf (plur. shelves) rayon(nage) / location
emplacement / picker picker, personne chargée de
rassembler les articles commandés / screen écran /
to grab prendre, attraper /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
warehouse entrepôt
wares (synonymes : goods,
products, merchandise)
marchandises
Comparez :
kitchenware articles de cuisine
tableware articles pour la table
crystalware articles en cristal
silverware argenterie
hardware quincaillerie ou matériel
informatique
software logiciel
6 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
I Entreprise I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Amazon employs 613,300 people around the world.
It is the second U.S company to employ more than half a
million people, behind Walmart.
shelves, scan them and put them in con-
tainers, which then move on via conveyor
belt to the packers. Packers scan them
again and put them into cardboard boxes
they quickly seal before sending them off
to get their address tag. Shifts are ten
hours four days a week, with two breaks
every day. About 125,000 people work in
100 fulfilment centres across the country.
(During the holiday season Amazon hired
another 120,000 seasonal workers.)
WAREHOUSES
2. As online retail grows ever bigger,
warehouses have become the workplace
of choice for many without a college de-
gree. In the past they would have worked Department Store Union (RW DSU),
for a bricks-and-mortar retailer such as which had its heyday in the 1930s, hard-
Sears (in bankruptcy) or Toys R Us (also ly any warehouse workers are union
bankrupt). Whereas traditional retail has members.
its own union, the Retail Wholesale and
WORKERS’ MOBILISATION
3. This could be changing. Workers in
A mazon warehouses in Minnesota,
conveyor belt tapis roulant / packer packer,
Staten Island and New Jersey mobilised
emballeur, empaqueteur / cardboard box boîte en
carton / to seal sceller, fermer hermétiquement / before Christmas. In A mazon’s new
tag étiquette / shift service, période de travail / state-of-the-art warehouse in Staten Is-
holiday season période des fêtes / to hire engager, land, workers launched a campaign to
embaucher.
2. warehouse entrepôt / online retail vente en
ligne (au détail) / college degree diplôme
d'enseignement supérieur / bricks-and-mortar
retailer détaillant traditionnel (avec des magasins heyday apogée, heure de gloire / hardly ne… guère /
physiques) / in bankruptcy, bankrupt en faillite / union member travailleur syndiqué.
union syndicat / 3. state-of-the-art dernier cri, ultramoderne /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Téléchargez l’appli Vocable oferte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile

NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Notre animatrice Shelly De Vito nous raconte l’histoire de l’entreprise de distribution
américaine Sears and Roebuck. Si cet ancien géant est aujourd’hui confronté à la
faillite, sa success story passée rappelle celle d’Amazon.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

Julia Teran scans packages removed from The Amazon Distribution Center in Eagan, Minnesota.
the line inside of the Amazon Fulillment (Jenn Ackerman/The New York Times)
Center in Carteret, New Jersey, October 2018.
(Demetrius Freeman/The New York Times)

An Amazon warehouse in Florence, New Jersey.

(Bryan Anselm/The New York Times)

unionise. Their main grievances are
safety, pay and 12-hour shifts with insuf-
ficient breaks as well as punishing hour-
ly quotas.
4. Amazon says it pays its workers in
Staten Island $17-23 an hour, which is
more than other local warehouses, as well
as providing health care, offering work-
ers further education and up to 20 weeks
of parental leave. In New Jersey activists
to unionise (GB), to unionize (US) créer un
syndicat, se syndiquer / grievance doléance, grief /
break pause / punishing exténuant, éprouvant.
4. further education formation continue / activist
activiste, militant /
pushed state government to enforce a
code of conduct at big retailers, which
includes the right to unionise.
UNIONISATION, THE NEXT
STEP?
5. Willworkers’ activism lead to unioni-
sation at the country’s second-biggest
private employer? If past experience at
Walmart, the world’s largest retailer that
is America’s biggest private employer, is
anything to go by, the answer is no.
to push faire pression, inciter / to enforce faire
appliquer.
5. if past experience... is anything to go by à en
croire l'expérience de... /
Walmart fought attempts by workers to
form a union. As soon as top management
heard rumblings about unionisation
through a hotline that local managers
were directed to call, the retail behemoth
sent a “labour team” from its headquar-
ters in Bentonville, Arkansas, to the up-
pity shop, writes Rick Wartzman, a for-
mer head of the Drucker Institute, a
researcher of corporate management. The >>>
attempt tentative / top management direction,
cadres dirigeants / rumblings ici, rumeurs / hotline
ligne directe / to direct sb to do sth donner à qqn
l'ordre de faire qqch / behemoth monstre, géant /
headquarters (inv.) siège (social) / uppity
arrogant / researcher chercheur, spécialiste /
corporate management gestion d'entreprise /

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 •7

 À la une I Entreprise I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo sur la suprématie d’Amazon
dans le secteur du commerce en ligne et testez votre
compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

>>> team took over the shop’s management Abdirahman Muse, executive
and showed workers a steady stream of director of Awood Center, leads a
strident anti-union videos and other meeting of a group that has been
discussing working conditions at
propaganda. If these efforts failed, it local Amazon warehouses, in
simply closed the shop. Minneapolis, November 17, 2018.
(Jenn Ackerman/The New York Times)

6. Amazon learned from Walmart (as did

many other big firms) and is likely to be
as effective as the Bentonville behemoth
in influencing its workers’ thinking. Even
so, warehouse workers have a lot of latent
power, argues Brishen Rogers of Temple
University. Thousands of them work to-
gether at one giant site where they can
easily communicate compared with, say,
janitors who work in isolation. Ware-
houses are at the centre of Amazon’s
operation and they are hugely expensive
to build, so management cannot simply
shut down a warehouse. It takes weeks
to train top-notch warehouse workers to
operate the technology they use, so staff
cannot be replaced from one day to an-
other.
stamps, Medicaid, public housing and
A QUICK REACTION? other federal assistance received by their The Stop BEZOS Act
7.Unionisation typically workers. A few weeks later
succeeds when a company A m a zon a n nou nced it It is a Senate bill introduced by Democratic
does a poor job in address-
ing grievances of workers,
Amazon cares would increase the mini-
mum wage for all its work-
Senator Bernie Sanders (Vermont) in
September 2018 to force big companies to
arg ues Pau l Oster man about its ers in America to $15 an pay the U.S. government for food stamps,
at MIT. Amazon reacted reputation as a hour. public housing, Medicaid and other federal
assistance received by their workers.
quickly after Bernie Sand-
ers, a senator from Ver-
progressive 8.
Amazon cares about its Titled the “Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing
mont , i nt r o duce d t he company reputation as a progressive Out Subsidies” (Stop BEZOS) Act, it would
establish a 100 percent tax on
“Stop BEZOS Act”, which based in liberal company based in liberal government beneits received by workers
would have required Ama-
zon and Walmart to pay
Seattle. Seattle. This is a vulnera-
bility but also a strength.
at companies with at least 500
employees. “In other words, the
the government for food The company is likely to taxpayers of this country would no longer
listen more to its workers be subsidizing the wealthiest people in
than big retailers did in the past, discour- this country who are paying their workers
aging anaemic unions to take on the inadequate wages,” Bernie Sanders said
to take, took, taken over reprendre, prendre le
contrôle de / steady continu, régulier / stream lux Goliath of the industry. l when introducing the bill. One month
later, Amazon announced it was raising
/ strident véhément, virulent.
the minimum wage for all U.S. employees
6. irm entreprise, société / to argue airmer, to $15. Implemented in November, this
soutenir / janitor gardien, concierge / operation ici, new minimum wage will beneit more
activité / to train former / top-notch excellent, de than 250,000 Amazon employees, as well
premier ordre / to operate faire fonctionner, utiliser. Medicaid programme américain visant à fournir une as another 100,000 seasonal employees.
7. typically généralement / to succeed réussir, assurance-maladie aux plus démunis / public
porter ses fruits / to do, did, done a poor job in (+ housing logements sociaux / minimum wage act loi / bill projet de loi / to zero out supprimer
gerund) ne pas faire grand-chose pour... / to salaire minimum. / subsidy subvention, aide de l'État / taxpayer
address ici, répondre à / MIT = Massachusetts 8. strength force, point fort / anaemic anémique contribuable / wealthy riche, aisé / to raise
Institute of Technology / food stamp bon ici, faible, peu développé / to take, took, taken on augmenter / to implement mettre en place.
alimentaire (distribué aux plus démunis) / s'attaquer à, s'opposer à.

8 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
I Entreprise I ETATS-UNIS

Focus
Amazon
Facts and figures

AMAZON
Amazon is a multinational technology
company operating in four major
industries: cloud computing,
e-commerce, artiicial intelligence and

AT A GLANCE
computer hardware.
at a glance en un coup d’oeil / cloud computing litt.
informatique en nuage (ressources informatiques
gérées par des serveurs distants) / computer
hardware matériel informatique.

Jef Bezos founded the company in 1994 and is Amazon employs 613,300 people
its current CEO. worldwide. It is the second largest
to found fonder, créer / current actuel / CEO = Chief Executive Oicer employer in the United States. Jef
(président-) directeur général. Bezos announced in November 2018 that
all U.S. and U.K. Amazon employees will
Amazon’s headquarters are located in now earn a $15 an hour minimum wage.
Seattle, Washington. The company is to worldwide à travers le monde / to earn gagner (argent) / wage salaire.
open two new headquarters in New York and
in Arlington County, Virginia, creating Amazon’s current logo was designed to depict a smile
more than 50,000 jobs between them. that goes from A to Z, showing that the company “is willing
headquarters (inv.) siège / ...is to open ...va ouvrir.... to deliver everything to everyone, anywhere in the world.”
to design concevoir, imaginer / to depict
In 2017, Amazon had revenue of $177.9 billion, a 31% représenter / to be willing to être prêt à / to
deliver livrer.
increase from the previous year, and a $3 billion net income.
In January 2018, it became the most valuable public company
in the world ahead of Apple and Alphabet, with a market Amazon has more than 310 million active customers
value of about $797 billion. worldwide. Among them, 100 million are paying
revenue chifre d’afaires / billion milliard / increase members – people who subscribe to Prime, an annual
augmentation, hausse / previous précédent / net membership program ofering free two-day shipping and
income bénéice net / valuable ayant de la valeur / access to video and music streaming.
ahead of devant.
Prime subscribers are estimated to
spend twice as much money every year
Amazon has its own book than non-members.
publishing unit, Amazon to subscribe souscrire (un abonnement) /
Publishing, and its own television membership (d’)adhésion, abonnement /
and ilm production distributor, shipping ici, livraison / streaming en continu.
Amazon Studios.
own propre / publishing édition. This Christmas, Amazon broke its
holiday sales record, shipping
Amazon owns over 40 subsidiaries such as Zappos, more than a billion items in the
Goodreads, IMDb, Whole Foods Market, and AbeBooks. United States via Prime. The
to own posséder, détenir / subsidiary iliale. company also said it sold
“millions more” Amazon
devices during the holiday
Amazon ships more than 5 billion
period.
packages a year worldwide.
to break, broke, broken a record battre
to ship expédier, envoyer.
un record / item article / device appareil
(ici, enceinte connectée).

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 •9

 À la une Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr

Z om sur...
La personnalité de la quinzaine à la loupe

JEFF 6 PHILANTHROPY
Last September, he launched the
Bezos Day One Fund, a $2bn

BEZOS charity focused on early childhood

education and homeless families.
charity œuvre de bienfaisance / to focus on ici, être
consacré à/axé sur / homeless sans abri.

4 ACQUISITIONS
He is an investor in numerous
companies: Lookout, Twitter,
Rethink Robotics, Airbnb, Uber,
7 SPACE
In 2000, he founded Blue Origin, a
rocket company that could start
ofering trips for paying customers
Google etc. He has made these acquisitions to go to space this year.
through a variety of vehicles: via Amazon, via rocket fusée; ici, spatiale.
Bezos Expeditions, which manages his
venture capital investments, and on a
personal level. In 2013, he bought the
Washington Post for $250
million.

(Blue Origin/Cover Images/SIPA)

numerous nombreux /
vehicle ici, moyen / to
(SIPA)

manage gérer / venture

capital capital-risque.

1 ID
Jef Bezos was born in Albuquerque,
New Mexico, and raised in Houston,
5 DIVORCE
Jef Bezos is divorcing his wife of 25
years, author MacKenzie
Bezos, who could receive half of
Texas. He is 55. He graduated from
Princeton University with degrees in electrical
engineering and computer science.
ID = Identiication / to raise élever; ici, ...et a grandi
the couple’s estimated $137bn fortune and
become the world’s wealthiest woman.
bn = billion / wealthy riche.
8 HIRING TACTICS
He stated that, when interviewing
candidates for jobs at Amazon, he
considers three elements: whether
à... / to graduate obtenir son diplôme (universitaire) / he can admire the person, whether the person can
degree diplôme. raise the common standard, and under what
circumstances could the person become exemplary.

2 AMAZON’S BEGINNINGS
He founded Amazon in late 1994,
after writing the business plan on a
cross-country road trip from New
hiring embauche / to state déclarer / to interview
ici, faire passer un entretien (d’embauche) / to
consider ici, prendre en compte / to raise élever,
améliorer / standard ici, niveau.
York City to Seattle. The company began as an
online bookstore. Jef Bezos sold
Amazon’s irst book from his garage in 1995.
to found fonder, créer / late ici, in / cross-country
ici, à travers les É.-U.
9 BEST QUOTE
“We’ve had three big ideas at
Amazon that we’ve stuck with for
eighteen years, and they’re the
reason we’re successful: Put the customer irst.

3 FORTUNE
Jef Bezos, who owns 16% of
Amazon, is the richest person in the
world, with a fortune estimated at
Invent. And be patient.”
quote citation, déclaration / to stick, stuck, stuck
with rester idèle à.

$116 billion, well ahead of Bill Gates ($94,8

billion) and Warren Bufett ($93,4 billion).
to own posséder, détenir / billion milliard / ahead
devant.
10 SECOND BEST QUOTE
“If you never want to be criticized,
for goodness’ sake don’t do
anything new.”
(SIPA)

for goodness’ sake ici, par pitié/alors bon sang.

10 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019

 Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
e
Brèves d
société

le chifre de la quinzaine

(Istock)
A 24-hour live Youtube stream of an
albatross nest on the Otago peninsula, in
New Zealand, has become an unexpected
global hit, with 2.3 million people from 190
countries tuning in to watch the endangered
birds raise their chicks. The webcam – called
Royalcam – was installed by conservation
teams in 2016 in order to help protect this
(Istock) endangered species. According to the
department of conservation, donations to

Pizza support the royal albatross centre have increased

since the cam went live.
During the U.S. government’s partial shutdown in January, Canadian air stream ici, difusion en continu / nest nid /
unexpected inattendu / global mondial / hit
trafic controllers showed support to their American colleagues... by buy-
succès / to tune in se connecter / endangered
ing them pizza! At that point, some 10,000 air trafic controllers in the menacé, en voie de disparition / to raise élever /
United States had been working without pay for more than three weeks. chick poussin, petit / in order to ain de / species
The movement started in Edmonton, and then swept across Canada, with (inv.) espèce(s) / to increase augmenter.
air trafic controllers ordering more than 300 pizzas for their American
colleagues in more than 36 U.S. facilities. “Air trafic control is a very
stressful job. People just don’t need to be reporting to work with the added
stress of worrying about how to pay their mortgages on top of it,” said
Peter Duffey, president of the Canadian Air Trafic Control Association.
shutdown interruption, arrêt (ici des activités gouvernementales) / support soutien, solidarité / to sweep,
swept, swept across se propager rapidement partout (au) / to order commander / facility établissement
/ to report to work aller travailler / added supplémentaire / mortgage crédit immobilier.

‘Cut the wire’

(SIPA)

In the United States, a game

that asks children to defuse a
toy bomb before it “detonates”
has been discontinued after
parents complained. The game,
produced by YULU, was
recommended for children ages
6 and up. The manufacturer
said it thought children would
see themselves as heroes with
this game.
wire il, câble / to defuse désamorcer
/ to discontinue cesser, interrompre
(fabrication) / to complain se plaindre
(YULU)
California’s new
ambassador?
Los Angeles International Airport might end up being
renamed after former U.S. president Barack Obama.
At least this is what West Hollywood’s city council is
hoping for. Last month, the council voted to support
the renaming of the airport and sent a resolution to
L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti, arguing that Obama, who is
admired globally, would be the perfect name for
welcoming visitors to sunny southern California.
to end up inir (par) / to rename after rebaptiser en
l’honneur de / former ancien, ex- / city council conseil

/ manufacturer fabricant. municipal / mayor maire / to argue airmer, soutenir /

globally dans le monde entier.

VOCABLE E Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 11

Société I Millennials I
Maryland
Washington DC
Upper Marlboro
THE GUARDIAN LUCIA GRAVES
BACK TO
THE LAND
Retour à la terre
Passer de la chaise de bureau à la cabine de tracteur et troquer le costume pour la combinaison et les bottes, les « Millennials »
sont de plus en plus nombreux à le faire. Depuis une dizaine d’années, ces jeunes actifs nés entre 1980 et 2000 semblent
particulièrement enclins, notamment aux États-Unis, à quitter leur vie citadine au proit de la vie agricole. Un retour à la nature
qui n’est pas sans rappeler celui des années 1970...
E ight years ago, Liz Whitehurst, then 25,
was working in digital communications
at a policy organization in Washington DC and
dreaming of life outside a cubicle. She started
exploring a different kind of existence by volun-
teering on local farms. When the farmer who
provided the locally sourced vegetable box she
signed up for invited her to work the ields one
day, she was starstruck. “You’re my hero,” she
recalls telling the farmer. “I want your life.”
1. digital numérique ici, Web / cubicle box (bureau) /
to volunteer travailler en tant que bénévole /
locally-sourced issu de l'agriculture locale /
vegetable box panier de légumes / to sign up for
s'abonner à / starstruck admiratif (-ve) / to recall se
rappeler.
12 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Comment commencer un nouveau projet ? Notre animatrice Shelly De Vito
discute de la question et nous donne quelques recommandations culturelles
pour nous replonger dans le mouvement hippie des années 1970.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
(Istock)
2. Today, she has it. Whitehurst grows a wide
array of produce on Owl’s Nest Farm, set on a few
acres in Upper Marlboro, Maryland (she bought
it from that same farmer). Whitehurst grows
other millennials: Foster Gettys, 29, who lives on
the property with half a dozen chickens as pets,
and Sara Policastro, 23, who manages the farm’s
small rotation of volunteers.
sweet potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers
and squash – everything is handpicked. She also 3. Whitehurst likes the autonomy. She likes being
provides greens to a local pizza kitchen which outside. She likes having visible proof of her ef-
was recently named one of the best new restau- forts at the end of the day. “You can see the thing
rants in the country. She runs the farm with two you accomplished – you weeded the bed,” she
says. “And in an ofice it’s like, ‘Oh I sent all those
emails.’”
2. array variété, choix / produce produits
(alimentaires) ici, fruits et légumes / to be set ici, être
situé / acre arpent (0,4 ha) / pepper poivron / squash
millennial représentant de la génération Y (né entre
courge / to handpick récolter à la main / greens
1980 et l'an 2000) / property domaine / pet animal
légumes (verts) / to run, ran, run diriger, exploiter /
de compagnie / volunteer bénévole.
3. to weed désherber / bed ici, parterre, massif.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2

DRAWBACKS
4. At 33, her life amid the dinosaur kale and pink
beauty radishes would strike many as admirable,
even romantic. And she’s grateful for the farm’s
convenient location 30 minutes outside Wash-
ington DC, where people will pay a premium for
the fresh, locally sourced greens she sells. But
there’s a catch: she works longer hours than she
ever did at her ofice jobs in Washington – for
thousands a year less. When she goes into the
city to sell on weekends, she’s often too tired to
do much socializing.
5. Still, she’s one of the fortunate: she was able to
lease the land in the irst place and buy out her
co-founders because her family was in a position
to lend her the money. For others wanting to fol-
low her footsteps, access to a life unplugged is
even more dificult.
‘IT IS A PIPE DREAM AROUND
HERE’
6. While Americans spending most waking hours
on screens, Whitehurst is part of a small but
growing movement of young people seeking out
a more agrarian life. While the number of farm-
ers aged 35-54 dropped from 2007 to 2012, there
was an increase in millennial farmers by 2.2%,
according to census data. The young people com-
ing into the profession are fueled by idealism but,
like the hippie generation before them, and the
many traditional farmers who have been driven
out of the industry by its brutal economics, the
reality of life on the land isn’t as simple as they
had hoped.
7. Farming requires a lot of immediate capital
without offering any immediate way to repay it,
and the statistics for new farmers are grim. More
4. drawback inconvénient / amid au milieu de / kale
chou frisé / to strike, struck, struck as ici, paraître /
grateful reconnaissant, heureux / convenient
commode ici, idéal / location localisation / premium
supplément, surcoût / catch ici, hic / to socialize (US)
= to socialise (GB) avoir une vie sociale, sortir.
5. fortunate chanceux, privilégié / to lease louer (à
bail) / in the irst place d’abord, pour commencer / to
buy, bought, bought out racheter la part de / to
lend, lent, lent prêter / to follow sb's footsteps
suivre les traces de qqn / unplugged déconnecté (ici,
des technologies et plus proche de la nature).
6. pipe dream rêve impossible / waking hours
heures de veille par ext., journées / screens écrans ici,
par ext. tous les appareils (smartphones, tablettes,
ordinateurs, télévisions, etc.) / to seek, sought,
sought out rechercher / to drop chuter / census data
statistiques (census recensement) / to fuel (fueled
US = fuelled GB) nourrir ici, pousser / to drive, drove,
driven out chasser.
7. grim ici, peu réjouissant, inquiétant /
Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
than half of US farm households report losses years that followed, many would revert to more
from their farm businesses each year. Net proits conventional lifestyles.
have been falling for years, with cash income cut
almost in half since 2013. Young farmers also face 10. Back-to-the-landers (of whom Bernie Sanders
high student debt burdens and land prices un- was one) were dismissed, as millennial farmers
heard of a generation or two ago. The average cost today may be, as unrealistic dreamers (Hillary
of farm real estate rose 47% from 2009 to 2017, Clinton, long before her presidential matchup with
according to government Sanders, dismissed the
data. movement as “mental mas-
Back-to-the-landers turbation”: an interesting
8. That hasn’t dissuaded were dismissed, as exercise in philosophy, per-
26-year-old Bronte Edwards, haps, but no way to live in the
who is pursuing an associ-
millennial farmers world). Even Henry David
ate’s degree in agriculture at today may be, as Thoreau, whose book Walden
Santa Rosa junior college in unrealistic dreamers. helped inspire future genera-
northern California. She tions to live closer to nature,
hopes to start a farm of her failed at self-reliance in many
own one day and capitalize on the prevalence of ways, and has been derided for accepting home-
farm-to-table restaurants and a culture among cooked meals from his mother and entertaining
afluent urbanites where fresh, local ingredients visitors, since his little cabin at the pond was actu-
are chic. The only trouble is, she can’t afford to get ally quite close to a busy railroad. Similar things
started. “It is a pipe dream around here,” says haunted the young idealists I spoke with.
Edwards of buying land in Santa Rosa, 25 miles
outside tony Napa Valley wine country, where 11. It doesn’t work for everyone, or perhaps, for
land is prohibitively expensive. She knows it won’t most. But 1970s-era experiments shouldn’t be
be easy, but Edwards isn’t easily discouraged. “I’m completely written off, as their positive legacies
a masochist,” she jokes. abound, including an enthusiasm for fresh and
organic foods, a thriving artisanal market and a
1970S-ERA LEGACIES growing commitment to clean energy. l
9. At the dawn of the 1970s, amid growing con-
sciousness of environmental degradation and
unrest over the war in Vietnam, young people to revert to revenir à.
were feeling the urge to get back to the land – a /10. back-to-the-landers partisans du retour à la terre
to dismiss sth as qualiier qqch de / matchup ici,
kind of lived protest. They organized themselves confrontation / Walden or, Life in the Woods (publié
in loose collectives, started organic farms, experi- en 1854) récit de la vie que Thoreau a passée dans une
mented with communal gardens and tried out cabane pendant deux ans, deux mois et deux jours / to
fail at échouer, ne pas réussir à / self-reliance
alternative living arrangements in deiance of autonomie / to deride railler, se moquer de / to
monogamy’s restrictions. But these new ways of entertain recevoir / cabin cabane, bicoque / pond
living presented their own challenges and in the étang, mare / railroad (US) = railway (GB) voie
ferrée.
11. to write, wrote, written of évacuer, négliger / to
farm household ménage agricole, famille abound abonder / thriving lorissant, en plein essor /
d'exploitants / to face être confronté à / high commitment engagement, attachement.
student debt burden lourde dette étudiante /
unheard of inconnu, inédit / average moyen / farm
real estate immobilier agricole.
8. to pursue suivre (études) / associate's degree
(US) équivalent d'un BTS / junior college (US) SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
institut universitaire du premier cycle / to capitalize
on proiter, tirer parti de / farm-to-table ici, qui
s'approvisionnent en circuit court (directement auprès Avant de prendre une
du producteur) / aluent riche, aisé / urbanite citadin décision il vaut mieux
/ trouble problème / to aford se permettre réfléchir !
(inancièrement), avoir les moyens / tony chic / to joke
plaisanter. to consider the advantages /
disadvantages or drawbacks (§ 4)
9. era époque, période / legacy héritage, legs / dawn considérer les avantages /
aube, débuts / unrest troubles, agitation / urge besoin désavantages
impérieux / lived qui concerne le mode de vie ici,
quotidienne / protest protestation / loose libre to weigh up the pros and cons peser
(forme), sans règles strictes / organic bio / to le pour et le contre
experiment with (sth) tester (qqch) / communal to be for or against être pour ou
garden jardin partagé, communautaire / in deiance contre
of au mépris de, déiant... /
VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 13
Société I Migration I
Dover
Calais
THE ECONOMIST
MIGRANTS CROSSING
THE CHANNEL BY BOAT
Les migrants qui traversent la Manche en bateau
Depuis le mois de décembre, un nombre record de migrants a tenté de traverser la Manche sur des canots pneumatiques pour
rejoindre le Royaume-Uni. Avec le renforcement des contrôles à Calais, les migrants privilégient de plus en plus cette stratégie
hautement risquée pour rejoindre un pays qui les attire envers et contre tout. Comment les autorités britanniques luttent-elles
contre ce qu’elles qualiient de « crise migratoire » ?
O n a clear day, they can make out the
promised land. The few hundred
migrants in the French port of Calais who long
to come to Britain are taunted by the white cliffs
of Dover, just 26 miles (42km) across the Eng-
lish Channel. Most days, some will try to hide
in lorries bound for the tunnel beneath it. Only
a handful elude the British customs checks in
France. Most trudge back to their camp, a
wasteland strewn with plastic bags where they
1. to make, made, made out distinguer / land terre / to
long to do (sth) désirer ardemment (faire qqch.) / to
taunt narguer / clif falaise / Dover Douvres / lorry
camion / bound for en partance pour / beneath
au-dessous / handful poignée / to elude échapper à /
customs douanes; ici, douaniers / check contrôle / to
trudge marcher péniblement; ici, to trudge back
retourner péniblement / wasteland terrain vague / to
strew, strewed, strewed or strewn joncher, parsemer /
14 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
ROYAUME-UNI I  B2-C1
In Dover, a lifeboat belonging to the RNLI charity is retrieving
a boat used by migrants from the Channel after migrants
were rescued from it in French waters, December 2018.
(Invicta Kent Media/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
ight off the cold with ires and, in one case, a
Union lag woolly hat. “The border is too hard,”
says Arthur Kwame, a 22-year-old from Ghana.
“I wish I had wings.”
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"They hide in lorries bound
2. British newspaper readers could be forgiven
for the tunnel ... " (§ 1)
for assuming they now have. A tidal wave of to be bound for être destiné à (ici, être
à destination de)
front-page headlines since Christmas has
chronicled a “migrant crisis”, with ministers • Si vous prenez the tube/the
underground (le métro) à Londres,
said to be “all at sea”. Sajid Javid, the home
regardez bien les panneaux
secretary, broke off a safari jaunt in South Af- avant de monter à bord. Vous faut-il
rica to mastermind the response to what he un northbound train ou un
southbound train ?
lag drapeau (Union (Jack) lag drapeau du R.-U.) / • Après un long voyage vous serez
woolly en laine / border frontière / wing aile. peut-être content de rentrer chez
vous :
2. to assume supposer / tidal wave raz de marée /
we are homeward bound at last!
headline gros titre / to chronicle relater, rapporter /
home secretary ministre de l'Intérieur / jaunt escapade Nous allons enfin rentrer à la maison !
(ici, safari jaunt safari) / to mastermind élaborer /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture

NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Yacoub Saïd, 21 ans, est étudiant à Parlerme, où il dirige l’association
Arte Migrante, qui favorise l’intégration sociale des migrants dans de
nombreux pays.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

called a “major incident”. After criticism from Mr Kwame had not heard it was an option 7. The fuss is partly down to the deadly stakes
backbench Tory MPs, he redeployed two patrol until journalists began visiting. If he is given of the migrants’ bleak calculation. Though
boats from the Mediterranean to the Channel the chance, he might take it, but he is reluctant, nobody has yet drowned, it is an obvious risk,
and called in the navy. having already been rescued from the Mediter- as is collision with bigger ships. But migrants
ranean. also die attempting to cross through the tunnel.
3. On 5 January, about 100 migrants had risked Politicians have done little to calm the brou-
the precarious crossing of the busy shipping DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES, haha. Gavin Williamson, the defence secretary,
lane in dinghies since Christmas rather than DIFFERENT TACTICS quickly offered the navy’s help. Mr Javid ap-
attempt to break into yet another lorry. This is 6. As much as migrants switching tactics, the rise pointed a “gold commander” to deal with the
an increase on previous months, but absolute in crossings by boat appears to relect the growing affair. Cynics note that the crisis may help
numbers are still small. Cross- proportion of Iranians in Calais. Theresa May’s potential successors burnish
ings cannot be tallied defini- Maya Konforti, who runs a char- their leadership credentials.
tively but the Home Office “Crossing by ity for migrants there, says dif-
knows of 539 migrants who
tried to cross by boat in 2018,
boat has ferent nationalities favour vary-
ing routes across the Channel.
8. Such concerns do not trouble Mr Kwame,
who wants to come because he speaks English,
probably far fewer than the always been “Crossing by boat has always “and besides we used to be a colony”. He has
number who came by lorry. in great part been in great part the speciality been found in lorries six times since arriving
Only 312 completed the journey
(the rest were caught). In con-
the speciality ofit isIranians,” she explains, though
not clear why. Several hun-
in Calais in July 2018. But he will keep trying.
“I don’t need your money,” he says. “I just want
trast, 113,145 made it across the of Iranians.” dred Iranians made it to Calais to be safe.” l
Mediterranean last year. via Serbia between August 2017
and October 2018, after Belgrade
TIGHTENED CONTROLS IN CALAIS temporarily dropped a visa requirement. Most 7. fuss agitation / to be down to être dû à / stake
4. Far from demonstrating lax borders, the speak English and are keen to work. enjeu / bleak triste, sinistre / to drown (se) noyer /
latest cases highlight the success of initiatives obvious évident / defence secretary ministre de la
to tighten controls in Calais. Between 2016 and Défense / to appoint nommer / gold commander
February 2018, British oficials on the continent reluctant hésitant, réticent. commandant en chef / to deal, dealt, dealt with gérer,
s'occuper de / to burnish faire valoir / credentials
prevented more than 80,000 “clandestine” at- 6. to switch changer (de) / rise augmentation / growing compétences.
tempts to cross the Channel. In 2017 there were grandissant, croissant / to run, ran, ran diriger, gérer /
charity association caritative / to drop supprimer / 8. concern préoccupation / besides de plus / ...we used
26,500 asylum applications, some 19% below requirement obligation. to be … autrefois, nous étions... / safe en sécurité.
the level at the height of migration in 2015.
More than three times as many asylum-seekers
came to Britain in 2002, a recent peak.

5. Nor are many in the camp keen to pay smug-

Osez enfin parler anglais
glers a few thousand euros to join the lotilla. avec les CD audio Vocable
pour progresser à l’oral !
backbench (députés) de base, sans portefeuille livret
CD audio +
Tous
o droits
produccteur du
du proprié nographiqu
p pho-
taire de e et

ministériel / Tory (du parti) conservateur / MP = Member

enregis d
autoris tréée réserrvés l’œuvre
le prêt,ation, la d .
dupli Sauf
disque l’utilisatiion cation,

Le CD de lecture
blique pour exéccutionde ce
interditet radiodiffusion pu-
s. © 201 sont
2V
Vo

of Parliament, membre du parlement, député / navy

ocable

marine. Lectu Tous les articles du magazine lus dans

anglai
s n. 795 re
3. crossing traversée / busy très fréquenté / shipping leur intégralité ! Vous améliorez très vite
/ All En
glish n.
46
66

lane voie maritime commerciale / dinghy canot / to votre prononciation et votre compréhension.
attempt tenter, essayer / to break, broke, broken into
s'introduire / increase hausse / previous précédent / to
tally calculer, compter / Home Oice (le) ministère de Tous droits
du
produccteur phoet
-
le CD de conversation
Écoutez des interviews et des débats en
nographique
p
e ded l’œuvre

l'Intérieur / far fewer beaucoup moins / to complete

du propriétairéservés. Sauf
enregistrée rla d duplication,
autorisation, atiion de ce
le prêt, l’utilis
exéccution pu-
disque pour
di fusion sont

V.O. sur des thèmes d’actualité abordés

blique et radiodif
2 ocable
Vo
V
interdits. © 201

arriver au bout / journey voyage / to be caught se faire

prendre/arrêter. dans le magazine. Rapidement, vous vous
4. to tighten renforcer, durcir / lax laxiste (ici, le laxisme Conversatio
n
66
exprimez avec plus d’aisance !
lish n. 46
95/ All Eng
anglais n. 7
des frontières) / to highlight mettre en avant / oicial
(haut) fonctionnaire / to prevent empêcher /
application demande / at the height of au plus fort de Retrouvez nos meilleures offres d’abonnement
/ asylum-seeker demandeur d'asile, réfugié. sur les bons d’abonnement en p. 18 et 35 du magazine
5. to be keen to être prêt à / smuggler passeur /

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 15

 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Carlos Somonte/Netlix)
“Mamá” to
“Madre”
Mexican director Alfonso Cuarón, who
recently won a Golden Globe for his movie
Roma, which is set in Mexico City in the
1970s, called “very ofensive” Netlix’s
decision to add Iberian Spanish subtitles to
his movie. The director said it was
“paternalistic, ofensive and profoundly
provincial” to think that Spaniards needed
translation for his Mexican Spanish
dialogue, and demanded the streaming

(Istock)
giant remove them.

director ici, réalisateur / to be set in se dérouler à

Giant leaf for mankind / ofensive ofensant, blessant, choquant / to

add ajouter / subtitle sous-titre / Spaniard
Espagnol / translation traduction / to demand
China’s Chang’e 4 mission has successfully managed to grow a plant on the exiger / to remove supprimer, retirer.
moon! Chang’e 4 touched down on 3 January to explore the Moon’s far side – it is
the irst mission to do so –, carrying soil containing cotton and potato seeds,
yeast and fruit ly eggs in its lunar lander. These plants have been stored in a
sealed container onboard the lander. Last month, the Chinese state media an-
nounced that a cotton seed had germinated and that a cotton shoot is now grow-
ing onboard. It is the irst time a seed has sprouted on the moon!
leaf feuille; ici, giant leaf for mankind est un jeu de mots avec la célèbre phrase “one giant leap for mankind”
« un grand pas pour l’humanité » prononcée par Neil Armstrong lorsqu’il a marché sur la Lune / mankind humanité
/ to manage réussir à / to grow, grew, grown faire pousser / to touch down ici, se poser sur la Lune / far side
face cachée / to carry transporter / soil terre, terreau / seed graine / yeast levure / fruit ly mouche des fruits,
drosophile / lander atterrisseur, engin spatial destiné à se poser sur une planète (et non placé sur orbite) / to store
stocker, entreposer / sealed scellé, fermé hermétiquement / shoot pousse / to sprout germer.

(SIPA)

Trudeau’s doppelganger Firearms at home

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has an
unlikely doppelganger... in Afghanistan! A
contestant on the singing talent competition
Afghan Star has gone viral for his uncanny
resemblance to Justin Trudeau. Abdul Salam
Maftoon, a wedding singer from a village in the
remote province of Badakhshan, had never
heard about Canada’s Prime Minister until a
judge on the TV contest pointed out the
(AfghanstarToloTV/Youtube)
Brazil’s new president, Jair Bolsonaro, has
signed a decree making it easier for citizens
to keep a irearm at home. Gun owners will
no longer be obliged to formally declare
why they need a gun at home and have that
argument approved by a police oicer.
Bolsonaro’s decree also increases the
validity of a gun licence from ive to ten
years. Freeing up gun ownership was one of

resemblance, turning him into an unlikely
celebrity...
unlikely improbable, inattendu / doppelganger sosie
/ contestant candidat / to go, went, gone viral faire
le buzz (sur les réseaux sociaux, Internet, etc) /
uncanny troublant / remote reculé, isolé / to point
out souligner, faire remarquer.
his key campaign promises. Brazil has one
of the world’s highest murder rates (30.8
per 100,000 people in 2017).
citizen citoyen / owner propriétaire, détenteur /
no longer ne... plus / to increase augmenter; ici,
prolonger / licence permis (ici, de port d’armes) /
rate taux.

16 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019

 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Louer un appartement
Vous voici parti pour la grande aventure de la vie à l’étranger !
Mais voilà, comment s’y retrouver dans la recherche
d’appartement ? Voici quelques éléments qui devraient vous
permettre de trouver votre nid douillet plus sereinement.

Vocabulaire clé
administration fees frais d’agence maisonette duplex, petite maison
agency agence à deux étages
agreement contrat de location notice préavis
balcony balcon open-plan kitchen cuisine
bathroom salle de bain américaine
bedroom chambre p.c.m (per calendar month) loyer
bedsit chambre (en location) mensuel
bills factures p.c.w (per calendar week) loyer

boiler chaufe-eau
brand-new tout neuf
carpet moquette
central heating chaufage central
council tax impôt local (taxe
d’habitation)
deposit caution
detached house maison
indépendante
itted kitchen cuisine équipée
lat (GB), apartment (US)
appartement
latmate (GB), roommate (US)
colocataire
latshare, houseshare colocation
ground loor rez-de-chaussée
income per annum revenu annuel
inspection visite d’inspection
insurance assurance
inventory check inventaire
kitchen cuisine
landlord, landlady propriétaire
living area surface habitable
living-room salon
lodger logeur
hebdomadaire
penthouse appartement au
dernier étage d’un immeuble
(souvent de luxe)
property ad annonce immobilière
real estate agent agent
immobilier
receipt quittance de loyer
renovated rénové
rent revision révision du loyer
rent, a rent louer, un loyer
room pièce
sash window fenêtre à guillotine
scrufy sale, délabré
semi-detached house maison
mitoyenne
tenant locataire
terraced house (GB) maison de
ville (en rangées)
top loor dernier étage
two-bedroom lat appartement
avec deux chambres
viewing visite
warrant garant
wooden loor, parquet parquet
(ISTOCK)
Retrouvez cette iche de vocabulaire lue sur le CD
lecture et son commentaire sur la partie basique
du CD conversation.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
Expressions à retenir
I’m looking for a lat that is rather central. Je recherche un
appartement plutôt central.
I can’t live more than an hour away from where I work. Je ne peux
pas habiter à plus d’une heure de mon lieu de travail.
I’m looking for a one-year rent. Je recherche une location d’un an.
The rent should be less than 800 p.c.m. Il faudrait que le loyer ne
dépasse pas 800 par mois.
Pets (not) allowed. Animaux (non) acceptés.
Roommate wanted. On recherche un colocataire.
Smokers welcome. Fumeurs bienvenus.
This is a vegetarian house. C’est une maison de végétariens.
To let. À louer.
For sale. À vendre.

Bon à savoir
Trouver un appartement à louer est généralement plus facile au Royaume-
Testez-vous
Uni qu’en France ; cela peut même être réglé dans la journée : du moment que
l’on remplit les conditions (revenu suisant ou garant), c’est premier arrivé, Reliez chaque mot anglais avec sa traduction en
premier servi ! français. Attention aux faux-amis…
Au Royaume-Uni, même en location, il faut payer une taxe locale (council a- notice 1- loyer
tax) tous les mois. Néanmoins, les étudiants en sont exemptés. Si vous êtes b- location 2- notice
étudiant et que vous vivez en colocation avec des salariés, la correction c- rent 3- emplacement
impose que vous partagiez la taxe avec eux.
d- caution 4- préavis
Aux États-Unis, les codes postaux (zip codes) se présentent comme en
France (ex : Beverly Hills 90210). Au Royaume-Uni, les postcodes s’écrivent e- deposit 5- attention, prudence
comme ceci : BA1 5HS (pour un quartier de la ville de Bath par exemple). f- instructions 6- caution
Les prix de l’immobilier étant en général élevés dans les villes du Royaume-
Uni, la colocation, même entre adultes salariés, est très répandue.
SOLUTIONS : a-4 ; b-3 ; c-1 ; d-5 ; e-6 ; f-2.

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE / Grammaire

JOAN GREENWOOD

Must, mustn’t, have to, had to,

should, ought to
Piqûre de rappel
(A) “Must”, “mustn’t”, “have to” expriment
1 Complétez les phrases avec must, mustn’t, have to,
une obligation au présent : had to, should, ought to.
You must arrive on time. Indiquez, pour chaque phrase, s’il s’agit de (A) (B) (C) ou (D) en vous
You mustn’t be late. référant à la piqûre de rappel.
We have to vacate the room by 11am. 1. Do you think I .................... invite Harry to the meeting, too? (__)
(B) “Had to” exprime une obligation au 2. They .................... be enjoying themselves. Otherwise they would have
passé : left by now. (__)
We had to get up early yesterday. 3. She .................... leave early. The school phoned to say her daughter was
(C) “Must” est utilisé également lorsque l’on sick. (__)
imagine que quelque chose est vrai : 4. You .................... tell anyone. We will be in trouble if you do. (__)
You must be tired after such a long journey.
5. It’s not surprising you are tired. You .................... have gone to bed earlier
(D) “Should” et “ought to” sont utilisés pour
last night. (__)
donner un avis, un conseil :
You should/ought to see a doctor. 6. I .................... tell Ms Simms her services were no longer required. (__)
7. Do you think I .................... phone to see if he’s OK? (__)
8. You .................... enjoy your job, meeting so many interesting people. (__)
2 Procédez comme pour l’exercice 1. 6. had to (B) 7. should/ought to (D) 8. must (C)
Notez que “must” et “mustn’t” dans le sens (A) SOLUTIONS : 1. should/ought to (D) 2. must (C) 3. had to (B) 4. mustn’t (A) 5. should (D)
s’emploient uniquement au présent mais (B) (C)
et (D) peuvent être utilisés au passé et au futur,
comme dans les phrases suivantes.
1. He .................... get someone help him. It was too
much to do alone. (__)
2. Do you think I .................... have insisted more? (__)
3. They .................... be going to move house. They’ve
been moving furniture out all week (__)
4. He .................... get permission before building the
extension on his house. (__)
5. He .................... have noticed what we have done. He
hasn’t made any comment. (__)
6. I can’t ind my phone. I .................... have left it in the
car. (__)
7. I told her she .................... have talked to Tim about
it but she didn’t. (__)
8. The front door was locked so we .................... round
the back. (__)

8. had to (B)
4. had to (B) 5. mustn’t (C) 6. must (C) 7. should have/ought to (D)
SOLUTIONS : 1. had to (B) 2. should / ought to (D) 3. must (C)
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

18 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019

/ Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Soignez votre orthographe

Le saviez-vous ?
1 Lesquels de ces mots sont mal orthographiés ? Corrigez-les. “On a clear day, they can
commited occurred transferred budgetted make out the promised
targeted prefered kidnaped picketed land”
(article page 14 § 1).
meaness granddaughter glamorous exclamaition
Ici, “make out” prend le sens
droped ziped shipper fitter
de discerner, distinguer.
SOLUTIONS : committed, budgeted, preferred, kidnapped, meanness, exclamation, dropped, zipped
Mais “make out” peut
également signiier :
2 Tendez l'oreille • se débrouiller
Classez les mots selon la prononciation des voyelles surlignées.
they’re making out fairly well
friend cheap eight ceiling bread jealous busy measure pretty
ils se débrouillent assez bien
great plead said minute people equal orange many raise vein
famous village each build weight again treacle sandwich • rédiger
Quel mot peut être prononcé de deux manières diférentes ? cheques made out to ...
chèques libellés à l’ordre de ...
[i] as in sit [ay] as in say
…………………. …………………. • présenter, proposer
…………………. …………………. he made out a good case il a
…………………. …………………. présenté de bons arguments
…………………. ………………….
• comprendre
…………………. ………………….
…………………. …………………. I can’t make it out what he
wants je ne comprends pas ce
…………………. ………………….
qu’il veut

[e] as in pet [ee] as in we • prétendre

…………………. …………………. he isn’t as rich as people
…………………. …………………. make out il n’est pas aussi
…………………. …………………. riche que les gens le prétendent
…………………. ………………….
…………………. ………………….
…………………. ………………….
…………………. ………………….

sur www.vocable.fr
[ee] ceiling, cheap, plead, people, equal, each, treacle
[e] bread, friend, jealous, measure, said, again, many
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
[ay] eight, great, raise, vein, weight, again, famous
SOLUTIONS : [i] busy, pretty, minute, orange, village, build, sandwich générale sur notre site internet !

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 Démêlez les mots. 5 mots à mémoriser
Pour vous aider, relisez l’article de la page 6 dans ce numéro
Que trouve-t-on dans un “warehouse” ?
tatty
helsevs oenycovr tebl défraîchi

scepakr daborarcd soxeb sdogo unassuming

sans prétentions
sadsder agst down-to-earth
Que doivent faire les “workers” ? réaliste, pieds sur terre
ackp ales neds untrammelled
sans contraintes
pack, seal, send
SOLUTIONS : shelves, conveyor belt, packers, cardboard boxes, goods, address tags a glitch
un pépin
2 Utilisez toutes les lettres pour retrouver la traduction de ces
fruits et légumes :
L'expression idiomatique
Pour vous aider, relisez l’article de la page 12.

courge “doubeurre” poivrons chou frisé L’expression “It’s a pipe

patates douces tomates dream” se réfère aux rêves
radis (au pluriel) concombres provoqués par la prise
d’opium. C’était une
S C E T T E U R T pratique répandue aux 18e
P A T O P I K P O et 19e siècles. Aujourd’hui,
un “pipe dream” est un
A E S U M A U E T
projet chimérique, un rêve
U R B E Q O B E E utopique.
S H C S E U T L A
R S W A T E T R O
N D H S E M S P S
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
SOLUTIONS :butternut squash, sweet potatoes, radishes, kale, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Le Carnaval

20 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019

Enjeux I Politique I INDE I  B2-C1

THE GUARDIAN ANGELA GIUFFRIDA, MICHAEL SAFI AND AMMAR KALIA

THE BATTLE FOR

FACEBOOK, TWITTER
AND INSTAGRAM
Les candidats rivalisent sur Facebook, Twitter et Instagram
L’avènement des réseaux sociaux a radicalement transformé la manière de faire de la politique aux quatre coins du globe.
Certains présidents, tels Donald Trump et Jair Bolsonaro, l’ont bien compris. Mais le roi des réseaux sociaux n’est autre que
Narendra Modi, le Premier Ministre indien, qui a su, dès le départ, se saisir des réseaux sociaux pour les mettre au service de son
programme politique et de son image.

W hen he received the phone call

from the leader of the far-
right League party, Edoardo Della Barbara
knew he had won an elaborate Facebook
contest. It was February – in the midst of
Italy’s general election campaign – and
Della Barbara, a 22-year-old university stu-
dent from Milan, was the latest follower to
like the most posts by Matteo Salvini in the
shortest amount of time. The prize was a
10-minute one-on-one call with Salvini,
which Della Barbara used to talk about his
studies and his hope to see reduced taxes
on electronic cigarettes. “It was interesting,
as doing politics in this way had never been
done in Italy before.”

2. “Who will win? Salvini will,” the party

leader said in one Facebook video promoting
the contest. “The others have newspapers,
television, banks and corporate cash … we
have you, we have the network … so long as
it remains free.” Salvini is not the only India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi. (SIPA)
populist, on the left or right, to prove adept ability to bypass traditional media outlets, while Facebook was turned into a weapon
at innovating with social media. Silicon communicate directly with voters and against opponents of the Philippines presi-
Valley has given politicians of all stripes the sculpt their own image without interference dent, Rodrigo Duterte. And after reaching
from journalists. the White House on the back of a tweet-
fuelled campaign, Donald Trump famously
1. far-right d’extrême droite / contest compétition,
3.Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s president-elect, said: “Maybe I wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t
bataille / in the midst of au beau milieu de, en plein(e) /
general election élections législatives / in the shortest beneited from viral WhatsApp messaging, for Twitter.” >>>
amount of time en un temps record / prize prix,
récompense / one-on-one en face à face/ici, direct/
personne / way façon. ability capacité, moyen / to bypass contourner; ici, se while tandis que / to turn into se transformer en, devenir
passer de / media outlet media, organe de presse / / weapon arme / opponent opposant, adversaire, rival /
2. corporate ici, des entreprises / network ici, réseaux voter électeur / to sculpt ici, se faire / own propre. to reach ici, être élu à / on the back of grâce à / -fuelled
sociaux / so long as pourvu que / to remain rester / to alimenté par (ig.).
prove s'avérer (être) / of all stripes de tous bords 3. president-elect président élu /
(politiques) /

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 21

 Enjeux
>>> A NEW GENERATION OF
LEADERS
4. But it is another nationalist, populist
leader – India’s Narendra Modi – who has
the largest combined following on Facebook,
Twitter and Instagram of any politician in
the world, at more than 100 million. Benja-
min Mofitt, a senior lecturer at Australian
Catholic University, said there was no uni-
form use of social media among populists.
But there was a new generation of populist
leaders who were using digital communica-
tion tools with “more skill and eficacy”
than their rivals. “Their Twitter feeds, Face-
book pages and so forth
An active social
often have more shares,
likes and fans than
their opponents, and are media presence
often far more enter-
taining and engaging.” also gives Modi an
excuse to bypass
5. Salvini’s use of social
media has intensiied in
traditional media.
the six months since he
became deputy prime minister in June, a
period in which his proile and popularity
has steadily increased. That can be attrib-
uted in part to his use of Facebook and In-
stagram, which he uses to cultivate his
public persona.
4. following nombre de followers/ici, partisans / senior
éminent / lecturer maître de conférences / among
parmi, chez, au sein de / digital numérique / tool outil,
moyen / skill compétence, habileté / eicacy eicacité /
Twitter feed = tweet / and so forth et cetera / to share
partager / far ici, bien / entertaining divertissant /
engaging qui donne envie de participer, captivant.
5. deputy vice- / steadily progressivement, de manière
constante / to increase ici, grandir / persona
personnage, proil, image.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
request (§ 7) requête
Connaissez-vous d'autres mots où le
S en anglais devient ^ en français ?
castle  château
interest  intérêt
beast  bête
coast  côte
feast  fête
... à vous d'en trouver d'autres !
22 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
CONSTRUCTING AN IMAGE
6. Salvini’s appetite for controversy con-
trasts sharply with Modi’s avoidance of it.
When a Muslim girl was murdered this year
and eight Hindu men were charged with
the crime, India convulsed with rage and
recrimination. For days, both online and off,
Modi said nothing about the case. His more
than 44 million Twitter followers saw only
the Indian prime minister’s tribute to India’s
Commonwealth Games athletes, his celebra-
tion of various festivals, cartoons of himself
doing yoga and his plans to meet the Queen.
7.
It was standard fare
for Modi, whose ofice
has a dedicated staff
member who carefully
coordinates the output
from his personal and
prime ministerial ac-
counts. According to a
2015 freedom of infor-
mation request, Modi
handles his own Twitter account, @Naren-
draModi, indicating at least some of his
tweets are personally penned on his secure
tablet.
8. Joyojeet Pal, an associate professor in
information technology at the University
of Michigan, said Modi had used social
media to soften his image, helping to offset
concern India’s middle classes may have had
about voting for a irebrand, socially con-
servative sectarian. In the early 2000s, Modi
was best known as the chief minister of
Gujarat whose heated rhetoric inflamed
tensions that resulted in mobs attacking
6. to contrast with s'opposer à / sharply ici,
radicalement / avoidance volonté d'éviter / Muslim
musulman / to murder assassiner / to be charged with
être accusé de / to convulse être secoué/pris de / both à
la fois (et) / of ici, hors ligne / case afaire / tribute
hommage / cartoon dessin, représentation.
7. standard fare ici, pratique courante / dedicated
dédié, attitré / output ici, tweets, etc. / account compte /
according to d'après / freedom liberté / to handle gérer
/ at least au/tout du moins / to pen écrire, rédiger /
secure sécurisé.
8. associate professor maître de conférences /
information technology = IT informatique / to soften
adoucir, modérer / to ofset, ofset, ofset compenser;
ici, apaiser, diminuer / concern inquiétude, réticence /
middle class classe moyenne / irebrand agitateur /
sectarian sectaire / in the early 2000s au début des
années 2000 / heated ici, virulent / to inlame ici, attiser
/ to result in avoir pour conséquence / mob bande,
groupe d'individus violents /
Muslim homes and shops across Gujarat,
killing at least 1,000 people. Online, how-
ever, another Modi has emerged.
APPEALING TO THE MIDDLE
CLASS
9. One of the earliest adopters of technology
among Indian legislators, Modi set up an
oficial website in 2003 when many other
party ofices were still using typewriters,
and joined Twitter in 2009. To his Twitter
audience of mostly young, urban Indians,
clamouring for jobs in a competitive market,
Modi emphasises his roots as an outsider
and self-made man — someone who has
risen up from a childhood as a chai-wallah
(tea-seller) at train stations. It draws a con-
trast with his main opponent, Rahul Gan-
dhi, a scion of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty
who embodies the Indian establishment.
10. Modi also began posting selies, sporting
an Apple Watch and using digital holograms
to beam himself to rallies across India. In a
country where millions of lives have been
transformed by the IT revolution, the em-
brace of technology had a loud populist
resonance, said Pal. “In millennial India, we
accept technology as the means to transfor-
mation,” he said. “The middle-class person
gets a degree in technology and transforms
their future.”
11. An active social media presence also gives
Modi an excuse to bypass traditional media.
He is the irst prime minister in India’s his-
tory never to have given a press conference
inside the country. l
across ici, partout en, sur l'ensemble du territoire de.
9. to appeal to attirer, séduire; ici, inciter à voter / early
ici, premier / to set, set, set up créer / typewriter
machine à écrire / to join ici, créer un compte sur /
audience ici, followers / to clamour for réclamer (à cor
et à cri) / to emphasise insister/mettre l’accent sur,
souligner / roots racines, origines / outsider personne
étrangère à un milieu / self-made man autodidacte / to
rise, rose, risen up ici, progresser, évoluer / childhood
enfance / to draw, drew, drawn a contrast with
contraster avec, s'opposer à / main principal / scion
descendant / to embody incarner / establishment
classes dirigeantes, autorités, pouvoir (en place).
10. to sport ici, porter / to beam onself to ici, participer
virtuellement à, en projetant son image (ici, en 3D) par le
biais des nouvelles technologies (to beam ici, difuser) /
rally rassemblement / embrace adoption / loud fort /
millennial du (nouveau) millénaire (ici, du 21e siècle) /
means (inv.) moyen / degree diplôme.
11. inside the country à l'intérieur du pays, sur le territoire
(indien); ici, en Inde.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
Enjeux I Economie I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

The entrance to the headquarters of Netflix in Los Gatos, California. (SIPA)

THE GUARDIAN MARK SWENEY

THE END OF NETFLIX'S

GOLDEN AGE?
La fin de l'âge d'or de Netflix ?
Si Netlix a, depuis 2007, révolutionné l’industrie télévisuelle en donnant aux utilisateurs l'accès instantané à des séries et à des
ilms, cela fait quelques années qu’elle n’a plus le monopole du streaming. Déjà en compétition avec Amazon Prime, l’entreprise
aux 137 millions d’abonnés risque d’être ébranlée cette année par l’arrivée de nouveaux rivaux...

T he streaming pioneer Netflix’s first

mover advantage has taken it to nearly
150m global subscribers – but serious competi-
tion is now coming as traditional media compa-
2. The AT&T-owned WarnerMedia is also prep-
ping a service that will include content from
HBO, Turner and the Warner Bros ilm studio.
WarnerMedia has not been as combative as
previously paid $30m a year for Friends, which
has proven one of its biggest hits globally.

PREVIOUS CONTENT SUPPLIERS

nies and Silicon Valley rivals ight back. Disney,
with the might of its super franchises from
Marvel to Pixar and Star Wars, is set to join the
fray with its own streaming service, Disney+.
The world’s largest entertainment group is bank-
ing on its content clout to help make its rela-
tively late entry into the market a success.
1. irst mover pionnier, précurseur / to take, took, taken
amener / nearly près de / global dans le monde /
subscriber abonné / serious ici, de taille / competition
concurrence / might pouvoir / to be set to être prévu pour/
en passe de / to join the fray entrer en lice / own propre
(to own posséder) / entertainment (du) divertissement /
to bank on miser sur / clout pouvoir, puissance, inluence.
Disney in pulling content from Netlix. But
Netlix’s willingness to pay $100m (£78m) to
keep Friends for one more year – at which point
WarnerMedia will have to decide whether to
keep it exclusively for its own service – high-
lights the value of crowd-pulling content and
the problems Netlix could face if media com-
panies reassess their content strategies. Netlix
2. to prep préparer, mettre au point, créer / to pull from
retirer de / willingness fait d'être prêt à faire qch, volonté /
at which point quand / whether si (oui ou non) / to
highlight souligner, mettre en lumière / crowd-pulling
attractif (crowd foule; ici, abonnés) / to face être confronté
à / to reassess ici, revoir (to assess évaluer, estimer) /
3. “Netlix is facing increased competition from
some of its previous content suppliers,” said
Richard Broughton, an analyst at Ampere Anal-
ysis. “Despite its major focus on original content
the company is still hugely reliant on licensed
content for subscribers and that carries
risks.”Ampere estimates that Netlix original
productions in the US make up only about 8% >>>
previously par le passé / to prove s'avérer (être).
3. supplier fournisseur / increased accru / focus ici,
activité / still encore / hugely très / to be reliant on être
dépendant de / licensed sous licence / to carry ici,
comporter / to make, made, made up constituer / about
environ /

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 23

 Enjeux I Economie I ETATS-UNIS
>>> of the hours of content available in its vast library, shoulder at Apple, which is widely expected to red carpet treatment. Yet, game shows, quiz,
and 9% in the UK. A further 5% of hours is la-
belled as original by Netlix because it airs it
irst, but is actually acquired from content sup-
pliers, such as Star Trek: Discovery.
4. “Individually any one of the big Hollywood
studio groups does not make up a huge propor-
tion of Netlix’s catalogue, maybe 4% or 5% of
total hours,” says Broughton. “If one or two pull
their content Netlix can plug the gap. But if the
market gets more aggressive against Netlix, it
is going to get tougher.”
THE BIGGEST RIVAL
5. Netlix is already facing off against Amazon’s
Prime Video, a global rival with ambitious plans
including a Lord of the Rings extravaganza. A rat-
tled Netlix upped its content budget by 50%,
from $8bn to $12bn, when Amazon announced
it would spend $5bn this year. But Amazon could
easily outspend rivals: its market value is six
times bigger than Netlix and 4.5 times the size
of Disney. Netlix will also be looking over its
available disponible, accessible, proposé / library
bibliothèque, vidéothèque, catalogue / further
supplémentaire, autre / to label qualiier de / to air difuser
/ actually en réalité / such as tel que.
4. to plug the gap combler le vide, remplacer par autre
chose / to get, got, got ici, devenir / tough diicile,
compliqué.
5. to face of être en concurrence / Lord of the Rings Le
Seigneur des anneaux / extravaganza ici, série
spectaculaire / rattled nerveux / to up augmenter / by ici,
de / bn = billion milliard / to outspend, outspent,
outspent dépenser plus que, dépasser le budget de / to
look over one's shoulder at se retourner constamment
par crainte, surveiller /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"Amazon could easily
outspend rivals" (§ 5)
dépenser plus que
Le préixe "out" prend le sens de
"faire plus que".
Comparez :
to outstrip someone devancer
quelqu'un
to outdo faire mieux que
to outbid surenchérir
to outdistance distancer
to outfox se montrer plus malin que
(fox = renard)
to outlive someone survivre à
quelqu'un
24 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
I  B2-C1 Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
launch a global streaming service this year. reality TV, dating, baking and talent shows are
highly returnable, faster to produce, more cost
6. The content arms race is costing Netlix dear. eficient and therefore lower risk. ”
The company expects a negative free cash low
of $3bn-$4bn this year – meaning the amount OUTSIDE THE U.S.
it spends on content, marketing and other costs 9. Netlix is also facing pressure outside the
in 2018 will exceed what it earns from subscrib- US, which is increasingly nearing peak
ers by at least $3bn. Netlix keeps turning to debt Netlix, for the next cycle of growth. Well
markets to top up the funds it over 80% of the new sub-
needs to continue to feed ilm scribers added by Netlix in
and TV content to the binge- “Unscripted the third quarter came from
watching generation it helped
create – its net debt was $8.34bn
television has outside the US. The company
has been very bullish on the
at the end of September, up over always been a prospects of the Asia-Paciic
70% year-on-year. hugely region, particularly India.
CHEAPER CONTENT profitable But Netlix’s pricing makes
it a premium service com-
7. Netlix built its reputation sector.” pared w ith pay-T V and
and audiences from expensive streaming rivals in many of
dramas, such as The Crown. It these new markets and it
has recently started to focus on cheaper, yet may have to cut prices – meaning it will need
popular, unscripted shows – snapping up the more subscribers.
Channel 4 reality show The Circle to make it in
multiple markets – with the Netlix CEO Reed 10. Which rival will be the biggest threat to
Hastings highlighting the value of such fare. Netlix? Broughton reckons it is Amazon: “If
I had to put my money somewhere it would
8. “Unscripted television has always been a have to be on Amazon. New players like
hugely proitable sector,” says Lucas Green, head Disney and WarnerMedia will need a lot of
of content at Banijay Group, maker of shows time and marketing to break into households,
including Survivor, Temptation Island and Wife and who else will want to licence content to
Swap. “Drama has always got the headlines and them? Amazon has the deepest pockets. Its
catalogue is by far the largest, even if a lot of
the content is quite old, and it has been ex-
widely couramment, par beaucoup / to expect s’attendre ploring sports rights and other areas other
à / to launch ici, créer. players aren’t. ” l
6. arms race course aux armements; ici, concurrence / dear
cher / free cash low lux de trésorerie disponible /
amount somme, montant / to earn, earned or earnt,
earned or earnt gagner (argent), percevoir / at least au
moins / to keep, kept, kept (+ ger.) ne (pas) cesser de / to red carpet tapis rouge; ici, de faveur, spécial, "VIP" /
turn to se tourner vers / debt (inv.) dette(s) / to top up game show jeu télévisé / dating (de) rencontre(s)
revoir à la hausse, augmenter / funds fonds, capitaux / to (de célibataires) / baking (de) cuisine / highly très,
feed, fed, fed nourrir, alimenter, assouvir / binge- extrêmement / returnable ici, rentable / cost-
watching (réf. à binge-drinking consommation d'alcool eicient rentable / therefore par conséquent, de
abusive et express) insatiable (au visionnage efréné, ce fait.
capable de regarder plusieurs épisodes en une journée) /
9. pressure pression, concurrence / outside en dehors de
over ici, plus de / year-on-year chaque année (par rapport
à l'année précédente).
/ increasingly de plus en plus / to near se rapprocher de /
peak Netlix heure de gloire/apogée de Netlix; moment
7. cheap bon marché, peu cher / audience audimat, où une tendance (ici, le phénomène Netlix) atteint son
nombre d'abonnés, popularité / drama ici, série (télévisée) / paroxysme / growth croissance, développement /
yet mais néanmoins / unscripted improvisé; ici, de quarter trimestre / bullish optimiste / prospect
téléréalité / to snap up faire l'acquisition de (rapidement) / perspective (d'avenir), opportunité / pricing prix / to cut,
reality show émission de téléréalité / to make, made, cut, cut ici, réduire.
made it réussir / CEO = Chief Executive Oicer
10. threat menace / to reckon penser / if I had to put
président-directeur général (PDG) / fare ici, émissions
my money somewhere si je devais parier / player ici,
(aussi, prix).
acteur / to break, broke, broken into ici, percer dans /
8. proitable rentable, lucratif / Survivor équivalent de household foyer / to have, had, had deep pockets
Koh Lanta / Temptation Island L'Île de la tentation / Wife avoir de gros moyens, être riche à millions / even if
Swap On a échangé nos mamans / headlines gros titres; ici, même si / quite plutôt / to explore ici, étudier / sports
to get the headlines treatment faire parler de lui/d'elle rights autorisation de difuser des événements sportifs /
(dans les médias) / area domaine.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Échos
Brèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Stephen Lovekin/WWD/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)

(CATERS/SIPA)
Woodstock 50
An oicial Woodstock anniversary festival

Toilets issue has been announced, set to take place from

16 to 18 August in Watkins Glen, New York.
The festival, which will mark Woodstock’s
Kanye West was ruled out of headlining this year’s Coachella festival after re- 50th anniversary, will be produced by
questing a new stage. The rapper was due to be announced as a headliner on 3 Michael Lang, one of the producers of the
January but, a couple of days earlier, he asked Coachella co-founder Paul Tollett original event. Although the headliners
for a custom-built dome stage in the middle of the festival grounds. Kanye West haven’t been announced yet, Michael Lang
said that the festival’s main stage was not big enough for his performance. After revealed that 40 performers have been
booked across three stages, including some
Coachella’s parent company explained that it would not be possible because it big names.
would require removing a large number of toilets from the festival site, Kanye
to be set to être prévu (ici, ...et devrait avoir lieu…)
West allegedly stated that he was an artist with a creative vision who shouldn’t / headliner tête d’aiche / performer artiste / to
be spending his time discussing toilets. Coachella then replaced him by new book réserver; ici, conirmer (pour jouer).
headliner Ariana Grande.
issue problème / to rule out écarter, exclure / to headline être en tête d’aiche (ici, … exclu des têtes d’aiche…) /
to request demander / stage scène / due to sur le point de / custom-built fabriqué sur mesure / grounds site /
main principal, grand / parent company société mère / to require nécessiter / to remove supprimer, retirer, faire
disparaître / allegedly paraît-il, soi-disant / to state déclarer.

Story with a happy ending

When The Portland Press Herald, the
largest daily newspaper in Maine,
(SIPA)

announced it was going to stop publishing

regional book reviews because of inancial
(Krista Schlueter/The New York Times)

issues, a writer decided to take action.

Stephen King asked his ive million Twitter
Mission: Accepted
followers to tweet the newspaper. The Tom Cruise has signed on for another two
Portland Press Herald notiied the writer Mission: Impossible ilms, which will be
that they would bring back the pages if he released in the summers of 2021 and 2022.
could get his followers to buy 100 digital American director Christopher McQuarrie,
who wrote and directed last year’s
subscriptions... and received about 200
incredibly popular Mission: Impossible –
new subscriptions in less than 48 hours! Fallout, will direct both of them.
book review chronique littéraire, critique de livre / issue problème, diiculté / follower abonné, « follower » / to release sortir (sur les écrans) / director ici,
digital numérique; ici, en ligne / subscription abonnement. réalisateur.

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 25

Culture I Cinéma I
THE NEW YORK TIMES ROSLYN SULCAS
UNEASY LIES THE HEAD
THAT WEARS THE CROWNS
La tête qui porte des couronnes ne se repose jamais avec calme
(le titre est une réf. à une réplique de la pièce Henri IV de Shakespeare)
La Favorite, actuellement au cinéma, est le nouveau-né de l’excentrique réalisateur grec Yorgos Lanthimos. Ce ilm met en scène
la reine Anne d’Angleterre, qui régna sur la Grande-Bretagne au début du XVIIIe siècle. Olivia Colman, qui sera également à
l’aiche de la troisième saison de la série The Crown, y tient le rôle principal, pour lequel elle vient de décrocher un Golden Globe.
Rencontre avec une actrice couronnée de succès.
L ONDON — Olivia Colman does not
have a process. She is apologetic,
since she understands that this makes for
uninteresting conversation about the many
fascinating characters she has played — most
recently the imperious, needy, vulnerable,
monstrous Queen Anne in Yorgos Lanthi-
mos’ The Favourite , for
which she is hotly tipped as
a best actress Academy
Award nominee.
2. “I’m really sorry,” she said,
squirming slightly, during
a recent interview at a Lon-
don hotel. “Let me think.”
She brightened up. “I ate a lot
to put on weight,” she said.
“Does that count?” Colman,
44, is unshowily famous in
her native Britain, where she
is known both as a comedy
stalwart (Peep Show) and as a
forceful dramatic actor (Ty-
rannosaur). She is fairly often described as
a national treasure, so there was general
rejoicing when it was announced that Col-
1. process ici, méthode (pour son jeu d'actrice) /
apologetic confus, navré / since ici, puisque / to
make, made, made for engendrer; ici, rendre /
character personnage / needy en manque d'afection
/ hotly chaudement, vivement / to tip ici, pressentir /
Academy Award Oscar (award récompense, prix).
2. to squirm se tortiller / slightly légèrement / to
brighten up s'égayer, s'animer; ici, Son visage s'éclaire
/ to put, put, put on prendre (poids) / unshowily de
manière discrète; ici, ...est une star discrète... / stalwart
pilier, igure emblématique / Peep Show série inédite
dans les pays francophones / forceful fort, percutant /
fairly assez / rejoicing réjouissance, liesse /
26 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
man would take over the role of Queen
Elizabeth II from Claire Foy in coming sea-
sons of the Netlix series The Crown.
so weird not to be on an equal footing with
people. They know your face, and you don’t
know them.”
A NEW FAME 5. Colman is the most ordinary extraordinary
3.Until now, she has been relatively un- person you have ever met. She is smiley,
known in the United States charming, apologizes frequently and plays
(although connoisseurs of down her talents at every opportunity. Her
prestige British television colleagues trip over their words trying to ind
will know her from Broad- enough adjectives to describe her likability,
church and The Night Man- decency, kindness, her friendliness to the
ager). As she points out, she entire crew on any shoot, her lack of diva-
has never been the type to be dom. After several attempts at describing
cast in glossy leading lady how much she adored Colman, Emma Stone
roles. But The Favourite — one of her co-stars in The Favourite — gave
bagged the Silver Lion Grand up. “You can tell I’m in love with her,” she
Jury prize at the Venice Film said.
Festival, won Colman the
best actress award and has UNFLATTERING ROLES
already garnered serious 6. But Colman has no trouble being less than
Oscar chatter, dragging her lovable on screen. In Paddy Considine’s Ty-
squarely into the spotlight rannosaur, she played a meekly religious,
even before her coming star abused wife; in Fleabag a hilariously poison-
turn in The Crown. ous stepmother; in Run, a tough-as-nails
inner city mother; in Broadchurch she was >>>
4. The spotlight is not where she likes to
be. “I hate the loss of anonymity,” she said.
“No one teaches you how to deal with that. weird étrange, bizarre / to be on equal footing être
I now just tend to stay home because it’s sur un pied d'égalité.
5. to apologize s’excuser / to play down minimiser /
to trip over trébucher, buter sur; ici, chercher (ses
to take, took, taken over reprendre. mots) / likability sympathie / kindness gentillesse,
3. connoisseur expert, in connaisseur / to point out bonté / friendliness bienveillance / crew équipe (de
faire remarquer, souligner / to be cast être choisi (pour tournage) / shoot tournage / lack absence /
un rôle, pour jouer) / glossy glamour / leading role diva-dom comportement de diva / attempt tentative
rôle principal / to bag ici, gagner, remporter / to win, / to give, gave, given up renoncer, laisser tomber.
won, won ici, valoir / to garner ici, attirer / chatter 6. unlattering peu latteur / to have trouble (+
bavardage; ici, rumeurs / to drag entraîner / squarely ger.) avoir du mal à / meekly sagement, docilement /
carrément / spotlight (sous les) projecteur(s), feux de abused battu, maltraité / stepmother belle-mère /
la rampe. tough-as-nails dur à cuire, coriace / inner city (des)
4. to deal, dealt, dealt with gérer, faire face à / quartiers défavorisés du centre-ville /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Last December, Olivia Colman
won the Best actress award at the
British Independent Film Awards
for her role in The Favourite. (Dan
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
Rowley/BIFA/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 27

 Culture I Cinéma I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2

>>> an often tearful, often irritable, willfully

unglamorous police oficer. She also seems
to have little vanity about how she is per-
ceived. For the role of Queen Anne, where she
is frequently shown in deliberately unlat-
tering scenes, she put on 35 pounds without
a murmur.

7. “I much prefer these sorts of roles because

there is no pressure to be something you
are not, and I am obviously not glamorous,”
Colman said. “For Anne, I wasn’t meant to
look nice or be nice, and it was liberating
and brilliant. I ind it more embarrassing to
try to look good. I think I’ve been fortunate
to be cast in these roles, because it’s very
dificult for young women or men who are
seen in one way, and then they are not al-
lowed to age.”

QUEEN ANNE
8. In The Favourite, Colman’s Anne is jowly,
lumbering and capricious; a willful child-
woman who screams for attention and vul-
nerably displays her chronic insecurity and
the deep unhappiness occasioned by losing
17 children to miscarriages, stillbirth and
childhood death. Anne ruled from 1702-14,
during a turbulent period that saw the incor-
poration of Scotland and England into the
single state known as Great Britain, and the
country’s long involvement in the War of the
tearful larmoyant / willfully (US) = wilfully (GB)
délibérément / pound livre (35 livres = un peu plus de
15 kilos).
7. obviously de toute évidence / to be meant to être
censé / brilliant formidable, merveilleux / fortunate
chanceux / to allow autoriser.
8. jowly (a les) joues lasques / lumbering pataud /
willful obstiné, opiniâtre / to display montrer, laisser
voir / miscarriage fausse couche / stillbirth enfant
mort-né / to rule régner / involvement implication /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Rappelez-vous : "full"
s'écrit avec deux "l"
mais, lorsqu'il s'agit d'un suixe,
"ful" ne prend qu'un seul "l".
Exemples :
a full life une vie bien remplie
beautiful beau, belle
wonderful merveilleux
tearful (§ 6) plein de larmes
willful (§ 8) entêté
Rachel Weisz as the Duchess of Marlborough and Olivia Colman as Queen Anne in The Favourite.
(2019 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation.)
Spanish Succession. But the movie focuses on goes to the right place without thinking
politics only to the extent that they inluence about it too much.”
the stratagems of the Duchess of Marlborough
(Weisz) and her cousin Abi- 10. Colman says she doesn’t
gail Hill (Stone) as they think about it at all. She hates
scheme for the favors (all of rehearsal periods when ac-
them) of the Queen. tors and directors break
“For me, when down the script and motiva-
9. In a telephone interview,
Lanthimos said that after
I really love a tion. “For me, when I really
love a script, it’s visceral,” she
seeing Colman’s perfor- script, it’s said. “I can’t explain why, but
mance in Tyrannosaur and visceral.” I feel it; I want to say those
working with her on The words, be that person.”
Lobster, he couldn’t think of
anyone else to play Anne, 11.
In 15 years Colman has
and had shifted the sched- moved from the broad com-
ule to accommodate her. “I don’t think I edy of Peep Show to the high seriousness of
would have made the ilm without her,” he The Crown , and rumors of an Academy
said. “That role is quite dificult, quite com- Award nomination for The Favourite. “I don’t
plex. It needed a lot of different qualities from know what to do with it,” she said. “Talking
an actor, the ability to alternate between about the Oscars seems like a silly dream. If
different states at different times. It has a lot you wake up one day and it hasn’t happened,
to do with instinct. She reads the lines and you’ll be cross for feeling disappointed.” l
to focus on se concentrer sur / to the extent that line réplique.
dans la mesure où / to scheme comploter (pour 10. rehearsal (de) répétition / director ici, réalisateur
obtenir). / to break, broke, broken down décomposer,
9. to shift changer, modiier / schedule programme, analyser / script scénario.
calendrier / to accommodate ici, s'adapter à ses 11. broad comédie burlesque, "tarte à la crème" / to be
disponibilités / quite assez / ability capacité / cross ici, s'en vouloir (de) / disappointed déçu.

28 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
Culture I Musique I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez l’interview d’Ed Sheeran dans
l’émission The Graham Norton Show et
testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

Ed Sheeran performs onstage at BBC Music’s Biggest Weekend Festival in George Ezra performs onstage at the Isle of Wight music festival, June 11, 2017.
Swansea, May 26, 2018. (Dimitris Legakis/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA) (SIPA)

THE INDEPENDENT ED POWER

HOW THE BOY NEXT

DOOR CONQUERED POP
Comment monsieur Tout-le-Monde a conquis la pop
On n’arrête plus Ed Sheeran. À 27 ans, le chanteur anglais pulvérise tous les records. Divide, son dernier album, a été le plus vendu au
monde en 2017 et sa tournée mondiale actuelle la plus lucrative de 2018. Tout autant que sa musique, c’est son côté « anti-star » qui
semble séduire ses fans. Mais, dans le monde de la pop, attention aux nouveaux prétendants !

I t was the year the boy next door learned

to roar. Ed Sheeran, that superstar in a
flannel shirt, left the Rolling Stones and U2
coughing on fumes as his Divide tour soared to
a record-shattering gross of £378m. George Ezra
graduated from loppy-haired debutante to bona
1. boy next door gars ordinaire, normal / to roar rugir,
vrombir ici, (ig.) mettre les gaz / lannel shirt chemise de
lanelle / to cough on fumes s'étoufer à cause des gaz
d'échappement / tour tournée / to soar ici, atteindre (vite) /
record-shattering pulvérisant le record précédent / gross
recettes brutes / to graduate from... to... passer du stade
de... à... / loppy-haired aux mèches qui lui tombent sur le
front / debutante débutant, jeune premier / bona ide
véritable /
ide superstar, his “Shotgun” single owning the
airwaves and becoming the most streamed rock
song on Spotify in the UK.
2. As 2018 ended, meanwhile, a new contender
looked set to emerge in Elton John-championed
Newcastle troubadour Sam Fender. He was
winner of both the Brits Critics’ Choice Award
and the BBC Sound Of prize – reliable barome-
to own ici, envahir, coloniser / airwaves ondes ici, radio et
télévision / to stream écouter en ligne (en streaming).
2. contender candidat, prétendant / to be set to être sur le
point de, en passe de / to champion soutenir, défendre /
reliable iable, sérieux /
ters of talent poised for imminent stardom
(previous BBC Sound Of picks include Adele and
Sam Smith). He will face stern competition,
however. Kindred strummers Dermot Kennedy
and Lewis Capaldi are also tipped to break big
in the months ahead, each bringing their own
blend of soulful lyrics and sensitive falsettos.
The boys are back with a vengeance. >>>
to be poised for ici, être promis à / stardom célébrité / pick
sélection / stern ici, féroce / competition concurrence /
kindred analogue / strummer (fam.) gratteux / to be
tipped to devoir, selon les pronostics... / to break, broke,
broken big percer, connaître le succès / blend mélange,
combinaison / soulful émouvant / lyrics paroles / sensitive
sensible / falsetto voix la plus aiguë du registre masculin / to
be back with a vengeance faire un retour en force.

VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 29

 Culture
>>> “NICE”, THE NEW ROCK’N’ROLL
3. None of these artists are soundalikes, exactly.
But they do have a great deal in common. For
starters, they have a grounding in the old-fash-
ioned art of standing alone on stage with a
guitar and crooning their hearts out. Image-
wise, moreover, all of them could have dropped
from the same production line. With his tatty
T-shirts and high-street jeans, Sheeran has pio-
neered the lad-from-up-the-road look. In the past
12 months, however, he was pushed hard by
25-year-old Ezra and his gap-year backpacker
chic. Sheeran might shoulder the hopes of the
UK record industry but it’s a stretch to imagine
teenagers gazing starry-eyed at his poster on
their bedroom wall.
4. Nor does George Ezra ex-
ude lock-up-your-daughters
mystique. Leave your daugh-
ter alone with George Ezra
People want to
and you’d probably return to see someone
ind him helping her with her they feel they
homework. These stars are
unassuming and down to know.
earth – devoid of guitar mu-
sic’s untrammelled rawness.
They are strikingly desexual-
ised. In other words, “nice” is the new rock ’n roll.
ED SHEERAN’S BEGINNINGS
5. “All music tends to have its phases,“ says Amy
Wadge, the Wales-based songwriter who co-
authored some of Ed Sheeran’s biggest hits, in-
cluding the 2014 number one “Thinking Out
Loud”. ”We’ve had Britpop and the dominance
of the bands for quite an amount of time. The
boy with the guitar has always been there but
3. soundalike sosie vocal / for starters d’abord / to have a
grounding in ici, maîtriser / old-fashioned classique, d’un
autre temps / stage scène / to croon one's heart out
chanter avec émotion (sur un registre romantique) /
image-wise sur le plan de l'image / to drop from être
tombé de ici, être issu de / production line chaîne de
production / tatty miteux, en triste état / high-street rue
principale où se concentrent les commerces d'une petite ville,
par ext., (qui vient d'un magasin de) prêt-à-porter / to
pioneer ouvrir la voie à, lancer / lad-from-up-the-road ici,
gars normal / to be pushed hard ici, sévèrement concurrencé
/ gap-year en année de césure (que s'accorde un étudiant
avant d'entrer à l'université) / backpacker voyageur portant
un sac à dos (backpack) / to shoulder the hopes of porter
les espoirs de / it's a stretch c'est diicile / to gaze
contempler / starry-eyed avec des étoiles plein les yeux.
4. to exude respirer (ig.) / lock-up-your-daughters
mystique aura de séducteur (to lock up enfermer) /
unassuming simple, sans prétention / down to earth qui a
les pieds sur terre / to be devoid of être dépourvu de /
untrammelled incontrôlé / rawness âpreté, brutalité /
strikingly étonnamment.
5. hit ici, tube / Britpop = British popular (music)
mouvement de rock alternatif du milieu des années 1990 /
30 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable oferte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
Ed has probably blazed a trail. That has opened
the loodgates. My theory is that because of the
internet the easiest way to deliver a song is to sit
in front of a webcam with just a guitar and a
voice. That is the simplest approach and seems
to be connecting with people.”
6. Sheeran, whose 2010 debut EP Songs I Wrote
With Amy consisted of ive tracks composed
collaboratively with Wadge, has been upfront
that relatability is central to his appeal. When I
interviewed him in 2011 as he was on the cusp
of stardom, he was very clear that building his
following one fan at a time via YouTube had
created a unique connection. “I can make a
video for no money, put it on YouTube, tell fans
about it on Twitter and Face-
book,” he said. “As long as your
fans stick with you, what eve-
ryone else thinks doesn’t mat-
ter. That’s the best way to be.
You have longevity. Atlantic
could drop me tomorrow –
I’ve still got the fanbase that
got me here.”
7. “As Ed would say himself,“
says Wadge, ”his charm is
that, although he has this extraordinary talent,
he looks like the guy next door. In all our years
he has never dressed differently. Back in the day
our pop stars were presented to us in a certain
way. That has changed with reality TV. People
want to see someone they feel they know. That
works so well for Ed.”
COMMERCIAL SUCCESS
8. Commercially, the boys of strummer have gone
where few singer-songwriters have previously
ventured. Sheeran’s Divide tour holds the record
for highest grossing run of dates in a calendar
year, knocking the previous champion, The U2’s
Joshua Tree concerts, into a cocked beanie-hat.
The 2017 album itself (styled “÷”) moved 672, 000
to blaze a trail déblayer le terrain / loodgate vanne (to
open the loodgates ouvrir grand la porte) / to deliver ici,
interpréter.
6. debut premier / EP = Extended Play (album de 4 ou 5
titres) / to consist of se composer de / track morceau, titre /
to be upfront that... dire franchement que... / relatability
(néol.) capacité à s'identiier (à lui) / appeal ici, popularité /
on the cusp of stardom sur le point d'accéder à la célébrité /
following (public d') adeptes, fans / to stick, stuck, stuck
with rester idèle à / to drop laisser tomber, lâcher / fanbase
public de fans.
7. back in the day à l'époque.
8. to venture s’aventurer / highest grossing le plus
rentable / run ici, série / to knock into a cocked (beanie-)
hat dépasser de très loin (beanie bonnet) / to style ici,
intituler / to move ici, se vendre (à) /
units in its irst seven days in the UK – the third
highest total in chart history and extraordinary
in our age of latlined record sales.
9. Ezra, for his part, clocked up the fastest-selling
long player of 2018 with Staying at Tamara’s.
Even “lesser” boy troubadours have enjoyed a
blockbuster rise. James Bay’s debut album,
Chaos and the Calm, debuted at number one.
And despite a zero-star review from the NME
– prompting his dad to ring up to complain –
Tom Odell’s irst record likewise topped the
charts.
10. One unavoidable fact is that all of these artists
are male. Where is the female Ed Sheeran? Why
no Georgina Ezra? What does it say about the
record industry – and the music-streaming
public – that we can take these sloppy-grinned
troubadours to our hearts while inding no room
at the inn for the female equivalent? l
unit exemplaire / chart hit-parade / age époque / latlined
qui stagne.
9. to clock up ici, décrocher / long player (LP) 33 tours, ici
album / lesser de moindre importance, de moindre renom /
blockbuster rise ascension phénoménale / to debut ici, se
hisser directement / review critique / NME = New Musical
Express magazine britannique de musique / to prompt
inciter, pousser / to complain se plaindre / likewise de la
même façon / to top the charts arriver au sommet des
hit-parades.
10. unavoidable fact réalité incontournable / sloppy-
grinned au sourire transi / to take, took, taken sb to one's
heart prendre qqn en afection / room place / inn auberge,
petit hôtel (no room at the inn réf. à la naissance de Jésus
dans une étable, car il ne restait plus de place à l'auberge).
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Le conditionnel est
souvent exprimé par
"if" :
You will be successful if your fans
stick with you.
Vous aurez du succès à condition
que vos fans vous restent idèles.
Mais on peut également utiliser les
expressions suivantes :
On condition that / provided that /
providing that / so long as your
fans stick with you
ou bien, comme dans cet article :
As long as your fans stick with
you (§ 6)
et en introduisant une notion
négative :
Unless / except if your fans
abandon you.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Découverte
THE OBSERVER ALEX HERN
FIVE WAYS TECHNOLOGY
WILL CHANGE IN 2019
Cinq choses qui vont changer dans le monde des nouvelles technologies en 2019
La technologie fait désormais partie intégrante de nos vies et s’est progressivement imposée dans le débat public. L’année
dernière, les scandales qui ont éclaboussé les GAFA nous ont, entre autres, forcés à nous interroger sur la conidentialité des
données. Que nous réserve l’année 2019 sur le plan technologique ? Du bitcoin aux taxis autonomes, un journaliste de The
Observer fait le tour de la question...
1. SILICON VALLEY’S COLD
WAR WITH THE E.U. HEATS
UP
1. At the beginning of 2019, as at the start
of 2018, Margrethe Vestager remains the
most powerful woman in tech. The EU
competition commissioner has the world’s
biggest companies walking on tiptoe,
afraid of her habit of enforcing competi-
tion law where the US authorities have
refused to do so. In 2018, Google was the
subject of Vestager’s cold gaze, receiving
multibillion fines for its anti-competitive
1. to heat up s'intensiier / to remain rester, demeurer
/ EU competition commissioner commissaire
européen à la Concurrence / to walk on tiptoe
marcher sur la pointe des pieds, manœuvrer avec
prudence / to enforce faire appliquer / gaze regard
(ixe); ici, to be the subject of sb's cold gaze être
dans le collimateur de qqn / billion milliard / ine
amende /
The CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg. (SIPA)
I Technologie I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo sur le programme de voitures
autonomes de Waymo, iliale d'Alphabet, la maison mère
de Google, et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/vidéos-anglais
e.
nu
practices around its Android operating ev
e
pr
system, its shopping service and Chrome
ap
browser. But in 2019, it’s likely to be some-
of
one else’s turn. The only question is who. le takes 30%
2. In the EU Facebook looks vulnerable.
The release by the UK parliament of in-
. Ap p
ternal Facebook emails appearing to show,
among other things, Mark Zuckerberg
e
tor
authorising a hostile move to shut down
pS
Ap
access by Twitter’s video app Vine won’t ’s
endear the company to the competition p le
Ap
commission. And, for many, Facebook still
represents the great failure of competition commissions over the past 20 years, for
rubber-stamping its acquisitions of Insta-
gram and WhatsApp – two of its greatest
browser navigateur / it's likely to be... cela risque
d'être....
potential competitors still in their in-
fancy.
2. release publication, divulgation / to appear ici,
sembler / move ici, décision / app = application / Vine
3.The powers of the EU are limited – it
application mobile qui hébergeait de courtes vidéos /
would take the US to break up Facebook
to endear (to) (aider à se) faire aimer/bien voir /
failure échec / – but another multibillion fine won’t go
down well at the already troubled com-
pany.
2. THE APP STORES BEGIN TO
FALTER
4. It isn’t just Facebook that might be feel-
ing the hot breath of a regulator on its >>>
to rubber-stamp approuver les yeux fermés /
infancy ici débuts.
3. to go, went, gone down well être bien accueilli
(par)/bien passer (auprès de) / troubled en diiculté.
4. to falter faiblir, s'essouler /
The EU competition commissioner, Margrethe Vestager. (SIPA)
VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019 • 31
 Découverte I Technologie I
>>> neck. The EU’s ruling against
Google’s dominance of
the Android app store
could be the first
dom i no t o
fall in
A Waymo self-driving car. (SIPA)
a sweeping change that will reshape the
consumer technology industry.
5. Since the birth of the iPhone, a huge
amount of digital commerce has been
filtered through a few platforms, which
have taken a hefty chunk of the revenue
they handle. Apple takes 30% of app rev-
enue, whether it be the purchase price of
the software or the digital goods bought
through it. Google, on Android, and Valve,
for PC games, does similar. Each earns
huge profits through being, essentially,
the single point of entry for an industry.
neck ici, nuque / ruling décision / sweeping radical /
to reshape remodeler, transformer / consumer
consommateur, utilisateur; ici, grand public.
5. huge énorme / through grâce à, par l’intermédiaire
de / hefty important, très grand / chunk morceau,
partie / to handle traiter / purchase achat /
software (inv.) logiciel(s) / goods biens / to earn
gagner, encaisser / proit bénéice.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Quand tout va bien, on
dit :
I'm fine, you're doing a fine job, the
weather's fine...
Comment se fait-il que l'on utilise le
même mot pour parler des
amendes, comme dans cet article :
"Google received multibillion fines"
(§ 1) ?
La réponse se trouve dans l'histoire.
Le mot "fine" vient du français "fin"
– une fois l'amende payée, le
règlement des sommes dues est ini.
32 • VOCABLE Du 7 au 20 février 2019
ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
6. Now that’s starting to wobble. Slowly,
power is shifting through external
causes. Epic Games, maker of
Fortnite, has become
one of the few pub-
lishers to rival the
power of the plat-
form owners them-
s e l ve s a n d it i s
wielding it effec-
tively: launching a
new app store for
Android devices and
another for PCs and
offering to take a sub-
stantially lower cut of game revenues on
both.
3. THE FIRST DRIVERLESS
TAXIS WON’T CHANGE THE
WORLD
7.There are two schools of thought sur-
rounding driverless cars. One is that the
technology is 99.9% complete and that
soon “level five” autonomy will be reached,
meaning that cars can safely drive them-
selves in any situation. When that hap-
pens, the world will undergo rapid change,
as driving jobs begin to disappear, urban
spaces are reshaped and road travel be-
comes safer by the day. The other is that
the final 0.1% is harder than all of the
previous progress put together. And so
we’ll remain, for years, with cars that
work well enough to demonstrate, to put
on the streets with safety drivers and
continue being tested, funded and im-
proved – but not quite well enough to
actually build a business around.
8. Both views may be true. In the mean-
time, however, a 99.9% good enough car
is good enough to run a taxi service – as
Google is showing in Phoenix, where
6. to wobble vaciller / to shift se déplacer; ici,
changer de camp / Fortnite jeu vidéo gratuit /
publisher éditeur / to wield manier, utiliser /
efectively eicacement / device appareil (ici,
électronique) / substantially considérablement,
nettement / cut part.
7. driverless sans chaufeur / thought pensée /
surrounding autour de / to reach atteindre / safely
en toute sécurité / to undergo, went, gone subir,
connaître / by the day de jour en jour / previous
précédent / to fund inancer / to improve améliorer.
8. in the meantime ici, en attendant / to run, ran,
run ici, faire tourner/marcher /
Waymo One, the company’s Uber com-
petitor, is launching. What’s most inter-
esting about the service is how… uninter-
esting it is. The taxis aren’t significantly
cheaper than the competition; the jour-
neys have the occasional glitch, as over-
cautious algorithms get stuck at T-junc-
tions. Maybe one day driverless cars will
change the world, but not yet.
4. WE CAN STOP THINKING
ABOUT BITCOIN
9. Only a fool would predict the death of
bitcoin, let alone
t he w ider in-
dustry it has
s paw ned .
A)
(SIP
The com-
r yptocurrenc y.
munit y
has re-
peatedly
shown
c
an im-
coin
pressive
it
eb
capacit y
Th
for survival
against gigan-
tic crashes, crip-
pling hacks and se-
vere legal roadblocks, and the nature of
the blockchain is such that, if even one
diehard is still mining bitcoin in an attic
somewhere, it can never be said to be
truly over. But the price of bitcoin has
been falling for months and now stands
at a fifth of its all-time high.
5. PHOTOGRAPHY BLURS
WITH ILLUSTRATION
10. Smartphone innovation has stagnated
in recent years; screens have got as good
journey trajet / glitch incident, panne / overcautious
trop prudent / to get, got, got stuck se retrouver
bloqué / T-junction carrefour en T.
9. bitcoin monnaie électronique (bit : unité
d'information binaire et coin : pièce de monnaie) / fool
imbécile / let alone sans parler de / wide large, vaste /
to spawn engendrer, donner naissance à / crippling
ici, dévastateur, accablant / hack piratage
(informatique) / severe important, sérieux /
roadblock barrage routier; ici, obstacle / blockchain
technologie de stockage et de transmission
d’informations (la blockchain est le registre des
transactions en bitcoins) / diehard fanatique / attic
grenier / to stand, stood, stood ici, se trouver.
10. to blur se brouiller, s’estomper; ici, se fondre /
screen écran /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr

as they’re going to get, battery life is hit- 12. Google, like Apple, has fo- grey stills into st unningly
ting the limits of physics and processors cused heavily on computa- bright and clear images. But
have become so fast that developers are tional photography, but what’s most interesting
already struggling to use all the power at it has taken it further about night sight is
their fingertips. than anyone else. No- t hat t he feat u re
where is this more doesn’t just brighten
11. But one of the last areas of competition e v ident t ha n t he images and reduce
is in the camera on the back of the phones. s t u n n i n g “ n i g ht grain. It adds in de-
For Apple, that has meant moving to two sight” feature re- tail that was never
lenses on the back of its top-end phones, leased towards the captured by the sen-
investing in sapphire glass to minimise end of 2018, which sor in the first place,
scratching and putting a hardware “neu- uses a neural network effectively “guessing”
ral engine” inside the phone to handle to brighten low-light what the image would
some of the more complicated elements shots, turning grainy, have looked like if it
of “computational photography” – using were better lit. It’s less pho-
machine learning to manipulate images. A phone camera tography and more computer-
in action. (Istock) aided illustration, creating an artifi-
cial image based on reality that is more
12. to focus on se concentrer sur / heavily fortement
to hit, hit, hit atteindre / to struggle lutter, peiner à /
/ further ici, plus loin / stunning stupéiant,
real than real. l
ingertip bout du doigt.
11. area domaine / lens objectif / top-end haut de extraordinaire / sight vision / feature caractéristique;
gamme / scratching rayure / hardware matériel ici, fonction / to release lancer, sortir / towards ici,
informatique; ici, processeur / neural engine moteur juste avant / to brighten éclaircir / shot prise de vue /
to turn into transformer en / grainy au piqué grossier, still photo / to add in ajouter / sensor capteur / to
neuronal / computational numérique / machine light, lit, lit éclairer.
learning apprentissage automatique. de mauvaise qualité /

spécial

SALON DE
© Photo Alexis Limousin

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Des entrées pour des ilms et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…

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toile de fond historique nous fait traverser les
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Madeleine Thien nous livre un roman à la fois beau,
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 le
dessin
I Humour I ETATS-UNIS

to knock of laisser tomber, arrêter / gross grossier, rustre.

GILLETTE #METOO AD
Shaving company Gillette has launched a very controversial advertising campaign promoting a new kind of
positive masculinity. The ad, which replaced Gillette’s emblematic tagline “The best a man can get” with “The
best men can be” and featured news clips of reporting on the #MeToo movement, as well as footage showing
sexism in films and violence between boys, has gone viral, reaching more than 4 million views on YouTube in 18
hours. It has been both widely praised and criticised, some public figures having also criticised the fact that
the ad’s director, Kim Gehrig, is... a woman. Gillette said this advertisement is part of a broader initiative for
the company to promote “positive and healthy versions of what it means to be a man.” It has also promised to
donate $1m a year for three years to non-profit organisations with programs supporting this cause.
ad = advertisement publicité / shaving rasage / kind genre, type / tagline slogan / to feature contenir, présenter, faire igurer / footage séquences, images / to reach
atteindre / widely largement, très / to praise acclamer / director ici, réalisateur(-trice) / broad large, vaste / healthy sain / non-proit (organisation) à but non lucratif / to
support soutenir, défendre.

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