N° 439 / All English.

Les mots difficiles expliqués en anglais Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 / 3,50 €

La presse internationale en V.O. pour progresser en anglais

SOCIETY LIFESTYLE CULTURE

HOW COMMON 8 SOCIAL MEDIA LUKE
IS SEXUAL NO-NOS ON SKYWALKER
HARASSMENT? CHRISTMAS DAY SPEAKS
THE ECONOMIST THE GUARDIAN THE NEW YORK TIMES

ALL ABOARD
THE ORIENT
EXPRESS!
AGATHA CHRISTIE'S CLASSIC WHODUNNIT RETURNS TO THE SCREEN

4 pages centrales de quiz pour progresser en anglais

PRATIC’ABLE Offrir un cadeau / La voix passive / "Weather" ou "whether" ?
 3 SALONS DE

GRANDES ÉTUDES & MÉTIERS SANTÉ, SOCIAL

ÉCOLES D’AVENIR & PARAMÉDICAL
COMMERCE
DÉVELOPPEMENT

© Photo Youri Zakovitch et Fotolia

& INGÉNIEURS
DURABLE
JEUX VIDÉO & 3D

& 1 0 D É C E M B R E
9
PA C E C H A M P E RRET
PARIS ES
édito sommaire N° 439 / Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
À facile A2-B1 ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

ÉMILIE COCHAUD Grand angle ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF On parle d'eux ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

A la une
Fancy walking sticks ÀÀ B2-C1 All Aboard The Orient Express!
Agatha Christie's classic whodunnit returns to the screen.
THE TELEGRAPH (UK) .......................... 6

and lightsabers À A2-B1 Focus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

One is a famous detective, the other an iconic
Jedi warrior. They are lightyears apart, except for
their galactic popularity. To celebrate the release Société
in France of both Crime de l’Orient-Express and ÀÀ B2-C1 8 social media no-nos on Christmas Day THE GUARDIAN (UK) ........ 10
Star Wars : Les Derniers Jedi, Vocable has chosen Tips to steer you through the minefield of online etiquette.
to feature both fictional heroes: Hercule Poirot
and Luke Skywalker. ÀÀ B2-C1 Ready or Not, Recreational Marijuana Use Is
Coming to Canada THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) .................................................................................. 12
Attempting a remake of Agatha Christie’s mas-
A rocky road to legalizing cannabis.
terpiece is no mean feat! Many have not only
read the book but also remember the Sidney ÀÀ B2-C1 On the civil rights trail in Washington DC THE OBSERVER (UK) ....... 14
Lumet version made forty years ago. But apart
Discover the ‘Dream city’.
from the suspense and detective work, actor/
director, Kenneth Branagh, wanted to give his À A2-B1 A 360° ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Poirot a new physique and psychological depth
in an altogether sumptuous setting. This edition
opens with an article by the Telegraph offering
you a behind the scenes perspective. PRATIC’ABLE ................................................................................................................................. 17
Also, to celebrate the release of Star Wars episode Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
VIII, you will find a fascinating article in our comme un anglophone
culture section about Mark Hamill, the eternal Faire un cadeau / Point de grammaire : Le passif / L’expression idiomatique
Luke Skywalker... an older, funnier, wiser Jedi,
who has never left the Force behind him.
À A2-B1 Echos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21

Happy reading and happy holidays!

Enjeux
ÀÀ B2-C1 How common is sexual harassment? THE ECONOMIST (UK) .................. 22
Men’s behaviour towards women under scrutiny.

ÀÀ B2-C1 It may be Trump's hometown, but it's

de Blasio's city LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) ....................................................................................................... 24
New York mayor wins a second term with ease.

Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur Culture

ÀÀÀ C1-C2 Luke Skywalker Speaks THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) .......................................................... 26
Meeting the last of the Jedi.

BONUS
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Photo de couverture : TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX
Découverte
ÀÀ B2-C1 Can a mushroom a day keep the doctor away?
THE GUARDIAN (UK) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
A delicious superfood to help us stay young.
ÀÀ B2-C1 Paradise Postponed THE ECONOMIST (UK) ......................................................................................... 30
Children today perform better in a famous psychological test.
Bons Plans ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Les sorties .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
 Grand L’actualité en images

angle

(CATERS/SIPA)
ETATS-UNIS
THE HEARTBEAT
Honolulu
OF HAWAII
A tourist poses in front of lava on Big Island in Hawaii. These lava flows can be
seen at the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which encompasses two of the
Did you know? world’s most active volcanoes: Kilauea, which has been erupting continuously
Hawaii is the 50th and most recent US State since 1983, and Mauna Loa, which last erupted in 1984. Volcanoes have created
(incorporated in 1959) the Hawaiian archipelago and its dramatic natural scenery. Today, they are one
Nickname: The Aloha State of its main tourist attractions, along with the island’s endless beaches and
tropical forests.
Population: 1,4 million
Largest city: Honolulu heartbeat regular movement of the heart, pulse / lava rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from
volcanoes / flow here, stream / to encompass to include, comprise / to erupt to explode, to flare up / dramatic
Born in Hawaii: Barack Obama, Bruno spectacular / scenery landscape, setting / main principal / along with together with, as well as / endless without
Mars, Jack Johnson and Nicole end, infinite.
Kidman.
to incorporate to integrate, become part of /
nickname informal name.

4 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017

 On parle d'eux…
Ceux qui font l'actu
Jeff Bezos
Jeff Bezos’s fortune topped $100 billion after
Black Friday sales last month. The Amazon
CEO is the first billionaire to build a 12-figure
net worth since 1999, when  Microsoft  co-
founder Bill Gates hit the mark. The 53-year-
old entrepreneur is the richest person in the
world, according to the Bloomberg Billion-
aires Index (Bill Gates comes second, followed
by Warren Buffett in third place). What is Jeff
Bezos going to do with this fortune? Over the
summer, the 53-year-old tweeted a “request
for ideas” on how to share it…
to top to surpass, exceed / billion thousand million / CEO = Chief
Executive Officer (US), managing director (GB) / to build, built,
built to accumulate / 12-figure ref to a billion / net worth value of a
fortune / co-founder joint founder; person who establishes a
business with a partner / to hit, hit, hit the mark here, to amass a
fortune, become a billionaire / according to as stated/reported by /
over in the course of, during / request sth that is asked for / to
share to divide, distribute, make good use of.
(SIPA)
Malia Obama
Ivanka Trump and Chelsea Clinton have taken
a stand for Barack Obama’s daughter, Malia
Obama, after a video showing her blowing
smoke rings stirred controversy online. “Malia
Obama should be allowed the same privacy
as her school aged peers. She is a young adult
and private citizen, and should be OFF limits,”
Ivanka Trump said in a tweet. Chelsea Clinton
also urged people to respect her privacy:
“Malia Obama’s private life, as a young
woman, a college student, a private citizen,
should not be your clickbait. Be better,”
Clinton wrote.
to take, took, taken a stand for to take up a position
in defence of, supporting / ring circle / to stir to provoke,
cause / to allow to accord, permit, give / privacy private
life, freedom from public attention / peer here, other
students, camarade / citizen resident, inhabitant / to
be off limits not to be accessible to the media, not to be
a subject of media attention / to urge to recommend
strongly, exhort / college university / clickbait internet
content to attract attention and encourage visitors to
click on a link to a particular web page (bait decoy, lure,
here, hook).
(SIPA)
Justin Trudeau
Canada’s Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau,
offered a formal and emotional apology to
indigenous people in the province of
Newfoundland and Labrador last month.
Until 1980, indigenous children were
compelled to attend assimilation-oriented
boarding schools, which separated them from
their families and, in many cases, subjected
them to abuse. “It’s time for Canada to
acknowledge its history for what it is: flawed,
imperfect and unfinished,” Trudeau said,
asking forgiveness for the “physical,
psychological and sexual abuse” that occurred
at these schools.
to offer here, to present / apology official expression of
remorse / to compel to oblige, force / to attend to go
to, be a student at / boarding school school where
children live and study away from home / to subject sb
to to force to endure, to inflict sth upon sb / to
acknowledge to admit, recognise / flawed imperfect,
with faults / forgiveness pardon / to occur to happen,
take place.
Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
(SIPA)
(SIPA)
Ashley Graham
Ashley Graham has become one of the world’s
highest-paid models this year according to
Forbes. The 30-year-old is the first plus-size
model to make the top 10 list. Graham is seen
as a game-changer in the fashion industry. In
2017, she earned $5.5 million thanks to
modeling and her own clothing lines. Her
collections are “designed with the size of the
average American woman (which is 16) in
mind, a huge market often overlooked by the
fashion industry,” Forbes reports.
(the) highest-paid the highest earning, best paid /
model person who displays clothes or advertises beauty
products / plus-size large-size / to make, made, made
here, to reach, be included in / to see, saw, seen to
perceive, consider / game-changer sth or sb that makes
a big difference / to earn to make (money) / thanks to
due to, because of / own belonging to sb individually /
line collection (of clothes) / to design to devise, create /
average standard, typical, normal / in mind idea, spirit,
here, a specific objective / huge enormous, considerable
/ to overlook to ignore, neglect / to report to relate,
reveal, declare.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 •5
 À la une I Culture I

Poirot appeared in 33 novels, 1 play and

ROYAUME-UNI I ÀÀ B2-C1

The brilliant Belgian detective has been

more than 50 short stories between portrayed by many famous actors including
1920 and 1975. Albert Finney, Peter Ustinov, David
Suchet... and Kenneth Branagh.

THE TELEGRAPH SALLY WILLIAMS

ALL ABOARD
THE ORIENT
EXPRESS!
New film by Kenneth Branagh of Agatha
Christie's famous murder mystery
Hercule Poirot is back! Kenneth Branagh has made a
new film adaptation of Crime de l’Orient Express. In
the sumptuous surroundings of this most iconic of
trains, the British actor/director presents a new
image of the famous private detective, surrounded
by a dream cast…

"Perhaps the most startling

prop is Hercule Poirot's
formidable moustache".
(Twentieth Century Fox)

A gatha Christie ‘had always been

allergic’ to cinema adaptations of
her books, her husband Max Mallowan was
quoted as saying. ‘She didn’t like her charac-
ters to be portrayed on book covers either,’
says James Prichard, her great-grandson.
Christie, who wrote 66 detective novels be-
tween 1920 and 1976, translated into around
45 languages, is the most widely read novel-
ist in history, with sales of more than two
billion copies worldwide.
2.There have been 23 film adaptations of her
books in the UK alone, not to mention the
multiple TV series. And now we have Murder
on the Orient Express, directed by Kenneth
Branagh, who also plays Belgian detective
Hercule Poirot. It features a parade of tower-
ing greats from stage and screen including
Johnny Depp, Penelope Cruz, Willem Dafoe,
Judi Dench, Michelle Pfeiffer and Daisy
Ridley.  It’s possible that there haven’t been
so many stars gathered together in one
movie since the last big-screen adaptation of
Murder on the Orient Express in 1974, di-
rected by Sidney Lumet.
3.The 2017 version sets up the classic who-
dunnit with 14 strangers boarding the long-
distance passenger train that connects Istan-
bul with Paris. These include Caroline
Hubbard, an American widow, the Russian
Princess Dragomiroff and her maid, Hilde-
garde Schmidt. A businessman named Ratch-
ett (Johnny Depp) is murdered at night in the
compartment next to Poirot. The train gets
marooned in an avalanche (a snowdrift in
the book) and the plot follows Poirot’s inter-
rogation of each of the passengers in the hunt
for the killer.

to direct to make a film / to feature to include, comprise,

1. ...was quoted as saying was thought to have said / to
portray to represent / cover outer front page of a
magazine or book / novelist person who writes fiction /
copy single specimen of a book, record etc.
2. alone on its own / not to mention in addition to, as
well as /
3. to set, set, set up to create, here, present / whodunnit
feature prominently / towering greats famous stars, big
detective story / to board to get on / widow woman whose
acting celebrities / from stage and screen from both
husband has died / maid domestic servant, here, ladies
theatre and film / to gather together to unite, assemble
maid, who sees to the personal needs of her mistress / to
/ big-screen cinema, full length film.
get, got, got marooned to be trapped in an inaccessible
place / snowdrift bank of deep snow heaped up by the
wind / plot storyline / in the hunt for in the search for.

6 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

TRUE DETECTIVE
4. The appeal of the film is clear: stars are
not being asked to play anything run-of-the-
mill. They are showcased in sumptuous 1930s
glamour, dressing for dinner, and the cooks
produce delicious fancies such as walnut
soufflés. ‘I liked the sense that I could let the
audience escape into that world,’ says
Branagh. We live in a world where every-
thing is so transient and quick, it seemed to
me a period in which, from a piece of linen
to a glass of water to an arrangement of flow-
ers, there could be a way of evoking a paren-
thesis of calm in an incredibly rushed life.’
4. appeal attraction, interest / run-of-the-mill ordinary,
banal / to showcase to show, display, present / fancy
petit four, delicacy / walnut variety of edible nut / sense
sensation, here, idea / transient temporary, ephemeral /
linen natural cloth made from flax / rushed life busy,
frenetic existence.
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Qu’est-ce qu’un « Whodunnit » ? Notre animatrice
Shelly de Vito mène l’enquête…
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
5. An ‘avid reader of crime fiction’, he last read
the book years ago, but admits to being sur-
prised when he reread it. ‘I’d forgotten how
it worked out! ‘I liked the ensemble nature
of it,’ he continues, ‘I like it being enclosed
in snow, the claustrophobia. And it’s a tale
that sums up the golden age of travel: a world
in which you feel the miles un-
der your feet.’
6.‘Agatha Christie described
her work as entertainment and
dismissed any other claims for
her work. But she leaves holes,’
he says, ‘invitations to go a
little deeper. I think she defi-
nitely asks whether revenge
is worthwhile – Can you for-
give? When do you stop hurt-
ing? – and says that loss has
to be acknowledged because
it can provide a poison that
can create more crime.’
7.Branagh’s Poirot is slightly evolved from
the original character. Everything there is
to love about Poirot is here: his grooming
routine, intellect, appetites – specifically, hot
chocolate, macaroons, ice cream. But there
is also something that doesn’t appear in the
novel. ‘He carries some secrets that the books
seem to hint at.’ And Branagh brings an-
other strength, says James Prichard, Agatha
Christie’s great-grandson: ‘He’s a good-look-
ing Poirot and you don’t necessarily think of
Poirot as being good-looking.’
HOP ON THE LEGENDARY TRAIN
8. Murder on the Orient Express was filmed
at Longcross Studios, in Surrey. The ensem-
ble of stars ‘were very playful, ebullient and
5. to work out to end, conclude, here, who did it /
enclosed surrounded by / tale story, account / to sum up
here, to capture the essence of.
6. entertainment form of amusement or recreation / to
dismiss to reject disdainfully / claim assertion, pretension
/ to be worthwhile to be worth it, merit the effort / loss
disappearance, deprivation, also, death / to
acknowledge to admit, recognize.
7. grooming styling, act of caring for one’s appearance /
to hint at to give a small idea of, suggest / strength here,
strong point.
8. to hop on to get on, here ride / playful mischievous,
full of fun / ebullient exuberant /
like naughty schoolchildren at times,’ says
Branagh.  ‘Judi is a big part of that. She has
a capacity to switch from daftness into a very
concentrated performance and she encour-
aged the others to keep up.’
9.Istanbul station was built in the studio in
Surrey as was the train itself: a majestic lo-
comotive with four complete
carriages designed to run
along nearly one mile of
track. Hydraulics and air bel-
lows beneath each carriage
helped to convince the cast
they were riding on an actual
train, as well as virtual mov-
ing scenery on LED screens.
10.‘If you suffer from motion
sickness, as I do, it was a night-
mare,’ says Tom Bateman, who
plays Bouc, Poirot’s sidekick,
who works at the train com-
pany that runs the Orient Express.‘I had to
pop a bottle of champagne and walk through >>>
to switch from... to to change from... to / daftness
silliness, mischievious behaviour / to keep, kept, kept up
to follow at the same pace, rhythm.
9. station train station / majestic beautiful and imposing
/ carriage railway coach / mile = 1.609 km / track line
that the train runs on / bellows device that emits a stream
of air when squeezed / cast actors and actresses / actual
real / scenery landscape.
10. motion sickness travel sickness / nightmare bad
dream, here, severe problem / sidekick acolyte, assistant /
to pop here, to remove the cork, open /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Le whodunnit cf. § 3
Le whodunnit (who (has) done it?)
(qui a commis le crime?) est une
forme complexe du roman policier
dans laquelle la structure de
l’énigme et sa résolution sont les
facteurs prédominants. Au cours du
récit, des indices sont fournis au
lecteur qui est invité à déduire
l’identité du criminel avant que la
solution ne soit révélée dans les
dernières pages.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 •7
 À la une I Culture I ROYAUME-UNI
Daisy Ridley and Johnny Depp in Murder on the Orient Express. (Twentieth Century Fox)
>>> the carriage and talk to all the passengers down to the coat hooks, door latches and in England,’ she allegedly said. ‘But he didn’t
and pour them champagne. It wasn’t only
motion sickness, it was a bit like trying to
juggle on a unicycle.’
11. Branagh’s approach was to surprise his
cast with an unscripted scene to make the
action more convincing, such as getting
them to watch a short film related to the
plot and shooting their reactions. ‘I love
stuff like that,’ says Olivia Colman, who
plays the princess’s maid. ‘If you think too
much or prepare too much, often that is the
death of it.’
12. Branagh also embraced relentless preci-
sion as his guiding aesthetic.  He never
shot unless someone had been around with
a ruler making sure each glass, plate, knife,
fork was in exactly the right place. Dishes
had to be historically accurate. All the train
fittings were either Orient Express origi-
nals or copied from originals, from the
seats that unfolded to become beds right
to pour to cause a liquid to flow from a container, here, to
invest in / to juggle to throw several balls in the air at once
and keep them airborne continuously.
11. unscripted not programmed, not planned, here,
improvised / to shoot, shot, shot to film.
12. to embrace to adopt, pursue a policy of / relentless
persistent, incessant / ruler measuring stick / dish meal,
recipe / accurate precise, exact / fitting accessories,
components / to unfold to open out /
8 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
I ÀÀ B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Regardez un extrait du Crime de
l’Orient-Express et testez votre
compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
light switches. Authenticity also governed
the costumes, which are mostly handmade
and true to period.
IT’S ALL ABOUT THE ’STACHE
13. The fabric for Poirot’s suits was spe-
cially woven in a mill in Scotland to ensure
the drape and movement was ‘true’. ‘Cloth
from the 1930s has a much denser weave,
which we don’t use today for tailoring,’ says
Alexandra Byrne, the costume designer. ‘If
you are using a modern fabric, it’s a bit more
bouncy.’
14. Butperhaps the most startling prop is
Hercule Poirot’s formidable moustache. In
Christie’s stories, Poirot’s moustache is
described as ‘gigantic’, ‘immense’ and
‘amazing’. In Murder on the Orient Ex-
press, he is ‘a little man with enormous
moustaches’. Agatha Christie was said to
be disappointed with Albert Finney’s more
reserved whiskers in the 1974 film. ‘I wrote
that my detective had the finest moustache
right down to to, here, even including / hook curved
protuberance for catching things or hanging things on /
latch lock / switch small device which controls flow.
13. fabric material / suit classic outfit of trousers and jacket /
to weave, wove, woven to make fabric etc by passing strips
or threads across, over and under other ones / mill fabric
producing factory / drape way of hanging / weave here
fabric / tailoring bespoke / bouncy light and supple.
14. startling surprising / prop accessories used in films or
on stage / whiskers moustache /
in the film. I thought that was a pity. Why
shouldn’t he have the best moustache?’
15.Now Branagh has set a standard of facial
shrubbery that few can hope to equal. He
sees it as a ‘visor’ and a ‘mask’ that also hints
at military service. ‘There is more substance
and bulk, more growl in the moustache,’ he
says. It is also a useful aid in detection. ‘Peo-
ple around him, I certainly felt, were focusing
on the moustache, and not on him checking
them out.’ Branagh tried growing his own
– ‘it took a long time’ – but in the end went
for a stick-on version.
16.‘Everytime you made Ken laugh it would
peel off,’ says Bateman. ‘I do remember get-
ting the first email jpeg of the moustache
and seeing something that took magnifi-
cence to a magnificent degree,’ says Green.
‘I just giggled to myself and thought, “Can
we create a movie where the moustache by
the end doesn’t appear distracting because
you are so involved in the story?”’ O
it was a pity it was too bad, an unfortunate choice.
15. shrubbery here, ref to luxuriant and abundant facial
hair / visor piece projecting from the front of a cap to
protect the eyes / bulk mass, volume / growl here, gravely
voice, here, presumed aggression / to check out here, to
investigate / stick-on adhesive.
16. to peel off to separate, become detached / jpeg
format for compressing image files, here, ref to photo / to
giggle to laugh / distracting which disrupts.
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

SELF-TAUGHT
She never went to school. She taught herself
to read at 5 years old and educated herself
from her father’s library.
self-taught sb who is self-educated / library collection
of books.
GONE GIRL
In 1926, she mysteriously disappeared from
her house sparking a massive search
operation nationwide. She was found 11 days
later in a hotel, registered under the name of
her husband’s lover. Agatha attributed the
incident to a form of amnesia.
Gone girl American thriller by David Fincher (2014) / to
spark to cause, trigger, set off / to register to put on an
official list.
A POISON MASTER
During World War I, Agatha
volunteered, working first as a
nurse and later in a pharmacy of
a local hospital in Torquay,
which gave her a working
knowledge of poisons. Out of
her 66 murder mysteries, poison
was the cause of death for more than 30
characters.
to volunteer to sign up for / working knowledge
practical understanding.
DIVORCED
In 1928, Agatha Christie divorced her first
husband, the dashing Archie Christie, a
member of the Royal Flying Corps who left
her for another woman.
dashing handsome and elegant / Royal Flying Corps air
sector of the British Army before and during the First World
War.
HER CHARACTERS
Hercule Poirot was introduced in The
Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1920 and Miss
Marple followed in 1927. She “killed” Poirot in
Curtain in 1975. The Belgian detective is the
only fictional character to have had an
obituary in the New York Times.
The Mysterious Affair at Styles La Mystérieuse Affaire de
Styles / Curtain Hercule Poirot quitte la scène / obituary
death notice.
TRAVELLER
Around a year after her
divorce,
Agatha went on a trip
to the Middle East and
met Max Mallowan, an
archaeologist, at a dig
in Iraq. They were
married in 1930 and stayed together until her
death in 1976. For years, she accompanied
Mallowan in Iraq and Syria, often via the
Orient Express. This inspired some of
Christie's best-known works of detective
fiction.
dig excavation (of archeological site) / work oeuvre.
THE QUOTE
“I don't think necessity is the mother of
invention. Invention… arises directly from
idleness, possibly also from laziness. To save
oneself trouble.” (An Autobiography, Agatha
Christie)
to arise, arose, arisen to come about, originate /
idleness inactivity from lack of work / laziness indolence,
idleness / trouble effort, difficulty.
c .
RECORD BREAKER
Agatha Christie is the
world’s best-selling
novelist according to
the Guinness Book of
Records. She sold two
billion books
worldwide, a figure
surpassed only by
Shakespeare and the
Bible. And Then There
Were None is the best-selling crime novel of
all time, with 100 million copies sold across
the globe.
novelist person who writes fiction / figure number / And
Then There Were None Dix petits nègres / copy here,
book.
HER TOP 10
Agatha Christie gave a top 10 of her own
favourite books: 1. And Then There Were
None 2. The Murder of Roger Ackroyd 3. A
Murder is Announced 4. Murder on the
Orient Express 5. The Thirteen Problems 6.
Towards Zero 7. Endless night. 8. Crooked
House 9. Ordeal by Innocence 10. The
Moving Finger.
The Murder of Roger Ackroyd Le Meurtre de Roger
Ackroyd / A Murder is Announced Un meurtre sera commis
le... / Murder on the Orient Express Le Crime de
l’Orient-Express / The Thirteen Problems Miss Marple au
Club du Mardi / Towards Zero L’Heure zéro / Endless night
La Nuit qui ne finit pas / Crooked House La Maison
biscornue / Ordeal by Innocence Témoin indésirable / The
Moving Finger La Plume empoisonnée.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 •9
Société I Fêtes I ÀÀ B2-C1
THE GUARDIAN STUART HERITAGE
8 SOCIAL MEDIA NO-NOS
ON CHRISTMAS DAY
Festive social media faux-pas
Did you know that there are rules of etiquette to follow on social media at Christmas? This Guardian journalist offers a humorous
guide to the do’s and dont’s for correspondence during this holiday.
1. DON’T TAKE PICTURES OF YOUR PRESENTS.
Christmas is a minefield of potentially botched etiquette, and social
media only makes it worse. And, clearly, the crime one can commit
is making a fuss online about all the stuff you have been given. Look,
we get it. You got a lot of presents this year. What are you, six? Ask
yourself why you are doing this. Is it for likes? Is that it?
How much extra validation do you need anyway, you
weirdo? Someone just bought you a nice coat, and that
should be enough. Now go away and think about what
you’ve done.
minefield situation with potentiel hazards and dangers / botched badly
done, ruined / etiquette good manners / to make, made, made a fuss
about to try to attract an excessive amount of unnecessary attention to sth /
stuff things / to get, got, got (it) to understand / like icon a user can
click on when on Facebook in reaction to a photo/piece of information to
show that one likes sth / validation recognition / weirdo strange person.
10 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
A big no-no! (IStock)
2. IT IS ACCEPTABLE TO POST A PHOTO OF YOUR FAMILY
IN LIEU OF SENDING CHRISTMAS CARDS.
Christmas cards are a pain in the bum, which is why you didn’t send
any this year. They are expensive and bad for the environment, and
there’s a good chance you’ll forget someone and then feel bad about
it for ever. Instead, just take a picture of you and
your loved ones, caption it “Merry Christmas”,
and stick it on Facebook. It has exactly the same
effect. Don’t worry about friends and relatives
who don’t have Facebook. They don’t deserve your
kind gestures.
2. to post to put online / in lieu of instead of / pain in the bum pain in
the neck, boring job / loved one person you love / to caption to give a
title to a photo / to stick, stuck, stuck to put / relative member of the
family / to deserve to merit / kind gesture act of kindness, generosity.
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2
 Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.

NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Quand "fête" rime avec "étiquette"... Notre animatrice Shelly
vous dit tout sur l'art de donner et de recevoir des cadeaux.
Et pas seulement à Noël !
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

3. STOP CHECKING YOUR PHONE ALL THE TIME. 7. YOU ARE PERMITTED TO TWEET,
Not only is it rude to spend Christmas Day staring blank- BUT ONLY INFREQUENTLY ON
ly into the palm of your hand, but also it invites scrutiny CHRISTMAS AFTERNOON.
you just don’t need. This is bitter experience talking here. Christmas afternoon is a wasteland. You’re
I spent a lot of time on my phone one Christmas when too full to move, and too drunk to try, and
Twitter was relatively new, and then had to spend the bulk this is the time of day where all the care-
of the day trying to explain to my family what Twitter was, fully observed politeness about basic accept-
what the point of it was, and why it wasn’t a stupid waste ance flies straight out of the window. By 4pm,
of everyone’s time. It is a stupid waste of everyone’s time, your dad will have started to tell the room
but that’s not the point. loudly why Brexit was a good idea, and this
will be your time to escape down the rabbit
3. to check here, to look at / rude impolite / to stare to look fixedly at / blankly without any facial expression / palm hole of the internet. Forget about likes or
inner surface of the hand / to invite to provoke / scrutiny observation, examination / bitter difficult, unpleasant / bulk favourites or retweets, you should spend this
main part, majority / point essential purpose or reason for sth, objective / waste careless or unnecessary use, loss.
time passive-aggressively howling at a wall
of uninterested strangers. The survival of
4. IN FACT, PUT YOUR 5. DON’T INSTAGRAM your family depends on it.
PHONE AWAY YOUR DINNER.
COMPLETELY. Forget about Instagramming dinner in 7. to tweet to send a message via Twitter / wasteland
desolate area land where there is nothing / straight
Your phone is junk today. likes or favourites a fancy restaurant I get. But directly / to escape to run away, to flee / rabbit hole hole
The only emails you’ll get or retweets... leave Christmas dinner in the ground where wild rabbits live (ref. to Alice in
will be horrific “Merry alone. What’s that? You’re Wonderland (Alice au pays des merveilles) novel written
Christmas from GlaxoS- The survival of
by Lewis Carroll in 1865) / to retweet to post (another
having turkey, potatoes and user’s post) on Twitter for one’s own followers / to howl to
mithKline! Here’s 5% off your family vegetables? Well, guess yell, to cry out loudly.
your next bulk purchase of depends on it. what? So is literally every-
Poligrip Ultra!” marketing one else. So don’t bother
newsletters, and all they’ll showing us. If I
do is make you angry be- wanted to endlessly endure a slow
cause they’re actively flushing the spirit of trickle of gravy, I’d move three doors
Christmas down the toilet. Just put it away. down from the cat-food factory. 8. DON’T COM-
I promise you won’t miss anything. PLAIN ABOUT
5. Instagram photo/video sharing service for ANY OF THIS ON
4. to be junk to be worthless, to have no value / horrific mobile devices / fancy sophisticated, chic / TWITTER.
awful / bulk purchase act of buying sth in large quantities turkey large bird (traditionally eaten at
/ Poligrip Ultra brand of denture adhesive / to flush Christmas in the UK and at Thanksgiving in the This is an important
down the toilet to empty the toilet bowl, here, to destroy US) / to bother to take the trouble to / one to remember. If you
/ to miss here, to fail to see/be part of. endlessly interminably / to endure to be see loads of people Ins-
subject to, to suffer / trickle small flow of
liquid / gravy sauce made from the juices of tagramming their pota-
cooking meat / factory place where goods toes or tweeting about all
are produced. their presents, or com-
mitting any other sort of festive social-media
6. NO CREEPSHOTTING DRUNK crime, keep it to yourself. Because if there’s
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE RELATIVES. one thing that ruins Christmas more than
Yes, sure, it’s funny that your grandfather self-absorption, it’s pedantry. There’s a time
Christmas cards cf. § 2 ate too much pudding and fell into the Christ- and a place for that sort of behaviour, and
Si vous avez des amis en Angleterre, mas tree and the dog pulled his trousers that’s in a newspaper article that you’re get-
n'oubliez pas d'envoyer votre carte down, but that doesn’t mean you have to take ting paid to write.
de vœux AVANT Noël. Les Anglais a photo of it and show it to the world. Cer-
adorent décorer leurs maisons avec tainly not without asking his permission 8. to complain to criticise, to find fault with / loads of
des Christmas cards, portant le first. Where photos are concerned, treat your lots of, many / to ruin to spoil / self-absorption
message "Merry Christmas and a relatives like strangers on the bus. Would preoccupation with one’s own feelings and situation /
Happy New Year" ou bien "Season's pedantry attention to formal rules and small details.
Greetings". Contrairement à nous, ils
you publish a photo of a stranger on a bus?
n’envoient pas de cartes uniquement You would? You monster.
pour le Nouvel An. Pour eux, envoyer
une carte après Noël, c'est un peu 6. to creepshoot, shot, shot to secretly take a photo of
a person without their consent / drunk who has had too
comme si on avait oublié de le faire ! much alcohol, inebriated / where... are concerned
where.... are involved, when it comes to....

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 11

Société I Drogues I
THE NEW YORK TIMES IAN AUSTEN
READY OR NOT,
RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA
USE IS COMING TO CANADA
Canada has decided to make cannabis legal but
has issues to resolve before it is ready
One of Justin Trudeau’s campaign pledges was the legalisation of cannabis for recreational use in
Canada by July 2018. But the process is complicated and there are many who worry about
unresolved issues for road safety, publicity, controls on production, age limits for consumption,
etc. With only seven months to go, will everything be in place for the deadline?
T IVERTON, Ontario — Behind a forbid-
ding high-security fence topped with
razor wire, Supreme Pharmaceuticals is busy
preparing for the legal marijuana trade, with
workers expanding a greenhouse complex
where the lucrative crop grows.
2. But while Supreme looks like it will be ready
for the day when prohibition ends, Canada’s
governments still have a lot of work to do.
3. Proposing legislation to legalize the recrea-
tional use of marijuana was the easy part for
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. With about
1. forbidding off-putting, inhospitable / fence barrier / to
top to put on top of, cover in / razor wire metal wire or
ribbon with sharp edges or studded with small sharp
blades, used as a barrier to deter intruders / trade
business, commerce, here, sale / to expand to develop,
extend, enlarge / greenhouse a house of glass, usually for
growing plants / crop cultivated plant.
2. while even though / to look like here, to give the
impression that.
3. about approximately, around /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
The other seven (les
sept autres) are still in
the midst of public
consultations. (cf. § 5)
Notez :
(I) l'ordre des mots : "other" est
placé avant "seven".
(II) bien que pluriel, il n'y a pas de "s"
à other.
12 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
CANADA I ÀÀ B2-C1
seven months to go before Canada becomes the
second nation after Uruguay to take this step,
the federal government and the provinces are
staring at a formidable to-do list.
QUESTIONS REMAIN
4. Ottawa still has to set the limit at which driv-
ers will be declared impaired under criminal
law, and must determine the rules for advertis-
ing and the standards for growers.
5. Working out most of the details affecting
consumers is largely up to the 10 provinces.
But only three — Alberta, Ontario and New
Brunswick — have offered any idea of how
they will operate and regulate their mari-
juana markets, and then only in the most
general terms. The other seven are still in the
midst of public consultations.
6. Two of the most important questions for
consumers — how much the legal product will
cost and how much it will be taxed — are still
being debated by the two levels of government.
to go left, remaining / to take this step to make this
decision (here, to legalise the sale of cannabis) / to stare
at to look fixedly at, here, to be confronted by /
formidable daunting, significant / to-do list of things
that must be done.
4. to remain to continue / to set, set, set to establish,
determine / impaired unfit, incapable / under according
to / criminal law system of regulations concerned with
the punishment of offenders / rules regulations /
advertising publicity / standards criteria, norm,
regulations.
5. to work out to determine, establish / consumer buyer,
customer / largely mostly, mainly / to be up to to be the
responsibility of / to offer to propose / to operate to run,
manage / then even (these cited) / in the midst of in the
middle of.
John Fowler, the chief executive of Supreme
Pharmaceuticals, inside the greenhouse complex where
the company grows legal marijuana in Tiverton, Ontario,
Canada. (Cole Burston/The New York Times)
7. In most of the country, it is still unclear wheth-
er marijuana will be sold only in government-
run stores. And most provinces have yet to decide
the amount of marijuana individuals will be able
to possess or grow.
8. Nor have most provincial governments de-
cided on the minimum age for buyers, or where
smoking marijuana will be legal. The federal
government must also explain how it will deal
with international drug treaties that prohibit
marijuana sales.
9. Even the precise starting date for legal pot
is a mystery.
10. On top of that, and perhaps counterintui-
tively, police forces are warning that successful
inauguration of a legal system for selling mari-
7. whether if (yes or no) / government-run managed by
the state / store retail outlet / yet still / amount quantity
/ to be able to here, to be authorised to.
8. nor have [they] decided on... and in the same respect,
they have not yet established... / to deal, dealt, dealt
with to handle, manage / drug treaty international
accords relating to the control of drugs.
9. even here, indeed / pot marijuana.
10. on top of that in addition to that / perhaps maybe /
to warn to notify in advance, caution /
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

juana will require an accompanying crackdown
on the black market.
LEGALIZATION BY JULY?
11. Despite all these challenges, suppliers are
optimistic that legal recreational sales will be a
reality by summer.
12. Even with the uncertainty, many investors
are betting there is money to be made on legal
marijuana. In October, Constellation Brands, a
major wine and beer distributor in the United
States, invested $245 million in Canopy Growth,
the owner of several licensed medical marijuana
growers in Canada.
13. While the commercial side is upbeat, many
provincial leaders say Trudeau’s timetable of
legalization by July — one of his main campaign
promises — is unrealistic. Some have demand-
ed a delay.
to require to necessitate / crackdown firm action
against.
11. by before, no later than / despite in spite of / supplier
provider, producer.
12. to bet, betted or bet, betted or bet here, to assume,
guess / owner proprietor / several many, here a range of.
13. while although / side aspect / upbeat enthusiastic,
here, optimistic / timetable schedule / main principal /
to demand to request, ask for / delay postponement,
deferral.
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
14. Speaking with reporters, Brian Pallister, the
premier of Manitoba, said his province is re-
luctantly working to meet the federal govern-
ment’s schedule.
15. “That doesn’t mean I like it,” he said. “I’m
going to continue to express my concerns about
the rapidity of this change.”
16. But Bill Blair, the former police chief of To-
ronto and a Liberal member of Parliament
tasked by Trudeau with overseeing the mari-
juana issue, said the government will stick with
its plan. He dismissed suggestions that the
process was rushed, noting that the federal
government had been discussing the issue with
provinces for two years.
17. “I don’t minimize the complexity of the work
ahead,” Blair said Friday. “But by establishing a
14. premier prime minister of a province / reluctantly
without desire, against its will / to meet, met, met here,
to satisfy / schedule programme, timetable, plan.
15. concern preoccupation, worry.
16. former ex / to task sb with to give sb the
responsibility for / to oversee, oversaw, overseen to
supervise / issue affair, concern / to stick, stuck, stuck
with to keep/stay with / to dismiss to reject / to rush to
hurry.
17. ahead to come, that still needs to be done / to
establish to settle on, fix, determine /
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage sur la
légalisation du cannabis en Ontario
et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
date for implementation, it’s focused the process.”
Further delay, he added, “just facilitates vast
windfalls of profit to criminal enterprises.”
18. Many police forces are among the groups
calling for a delay. While a new law will allow
the police to use saliva tests to identify marijua-
na-impaired drivers, what will qualify as impair-
ment has yet to be defined. Little equipment to
conduct the tests is in the field, and few officers
have been trained in its use.
19. “Are we going to be ready?” asked Mario
Harel, president of the Canadian Association of
Chiefs of Police and head of the force in Gatineau,
Quebec. “We don’t think so. We’re dealing with
a lot of situations so we’re going to be doing our
best to be as ready as possible.”
SALIVA TESTS
20. While some Canadians are questioning the
accuracy of saliva tests, Robert Mann, a scientist
at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health
who studies cannabis use, said the tests have
proved valid in other countries, although he
acknowledged that marijuana’s active ingredient
was not as easily measured as alcohol.
21. His larger concern, he said, is changing pub-
lic opinion about whether it is safe to drive under
the influence of marijuana.
22. “There’s quite a common perception that you
can drive safely under the influence of cannabis,”
Mann said, adding that this view is based in part
on now-refuted research from about 20 years
ago. “It took quite a while for people’s attitudes
about drinking and driving to change.” O
implementation application / to focus to concentrate,
fix one’s attention on / further additional, extra /
windfalls sudden financial gain.
18. to be among(st) to be part of, one of / law ruling,
reform / to allow to authorize / to qualify as to be
considered as / to conduct to carry out / in the field here,
on patrol / to train to instruct.
19. to deal, dealt, dealt with to manage, cope with.
20. to question to call into question/doubt, to contest /
accuracy precision / health well-being / to prove to turn
out to be / although however / to acknowledge to
admit, recognize.
21. safe not dangerous.
22. perception belief / view idea, opinion, belief / quite
a while some time.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 13
Société I Destination I
THE OBSERVER AARON MILLAR
ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS
TRAIL IN WASHINGTON DC
Civil rights - new and old - in Washington DC
Washington D.C. is not only the U.S. capital and centre of government, it is a city
full of cultural history. Teeming with bars, restaurants and university campuses,
from the Smithsonian to the iconic Ben’s Chili Bowl, its many facets are explored
by British newspaper, The Observer, by tracing the local history of the civil rights
movement. First stop: the Dr. Martin Luther King memorial.
A t his memorial in Washington DC, the
statue of Martin Luther King is half
finished. The legs and back disappear, like a
ghost, into a slab of uncarved white marble. His
face is determined and resolute, but not yet
satisfied. A line from his “I Have a Dream”
speech, from 1963, is etched into the rock: “Out
of the mountain of despair, a stone of hope.” His
sculpture is unfinished for a reason – the strug-
gle continues.
2. The civil rights movement was about racial
equality, but it was also about living up to the
guarantees of the constitution, to “cash a
1. ghost phantom / slab block of stone / to carve to
sculpt / marble hard, white veined stone used for
buildings/statues / to etch to engrave / despair complete
absence of hope / stone piece of rock used in construction
/ struggle fight, battle.
2. to be about to be a question of / to live up to to be as
good as what was promised, here, to respect / to cash to
exchange a cheque in a bank for money /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
DC for foodies cf. § 4
Notez comment on utilise le suffixe
"ies" pour transformer un substantif
ou un adjectif.
food (nourriture) Æ foodies (des gens
qui s'intéressent à la nourriture)
Comparez :
good (bon) Æ goodies (friandises,
petits cadeaux)
free (gratuit) Æ freebies (petits
cadeaux gratuits)
14 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
ETATS-UNIS I ÀÀ B2-C1
cheque,” as Dr King put it, “[on the] promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir”
– that all individuals, regardless of who they
are or where they’re from, would be given the
unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit
of happiness.
3. Now something’s brewing again. Fuelled by
the far right rhetoric of the Trump presidency,
and a growing distrust in political and eco-
nomic systems, a new civil rights movement
has been born – one based not just on race but
on LGBQT rights, economic rights, immigration
rights and the environmental rights of all future
generations. The new civil rights movement,
the resistance as it has come to be known, may
be angry at Trump, but it’s also about cashing
that cheque.
DC FOR FOODIES
4. Which is why I’ve come to Washington DC
– to see where the great experiment in self-
governance began. There is nowhere better to
understand America’s political hopes and
dreams, to get a sense of the roots of the division
in America and the future of the resistance now.
to put, put, put (it) to say, to formulate / promissory
note promise / to fall, fell, fallen heir to to inherit /
regardless of irrespective of / unalienable fundamental,
inherent.
3. to brew to prepare, here, to be imminent / to fuel to
stimulate / far right extreme right / growing increasing /
distrust lack of trust/confidence / LGBQT = Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, Queer and Transgender / to come,
came, come to to evolve.
4. experiment test, trial / root origin.
Martin Luther King Memorial. (Dietsch/Sipa)
5. But there are other reasons to visit, too. Zagat
recently rated Washington DC as the number
one foodie destination in America. And the his-
toric Georgetown district, with its grand, red-
brick homes and cobbled pavements, is lively and
fun, filled with shops, restaurants and bars.
6. There are many decently priced hotels in
Washington. One of the best value is probably
the Tabard Inn in Dupont Circle. But if you can
afford to splash out for one night, the Watergate
Hotel is worth it for its legacy alone. It was here,
in 1972, that employees of President Nixon spent
the night after illegally raiding the offices of the
Democratic National Committee nearby. It may
have been marred by the Watergate scandal, but
it’s spectacular: bold, midcentury modern design
filled with gold, glamour, and the best whisky
bar in the city.
5. foodie gourmet / to rate to classify, to evaluate /
grand magnificent / cobbled covered with round stones /
pavement raised path at the side of the road for people to
walk on / lively full of activity and life.
6. decently priced reasonably priced / good value worth
the money that sth costs / to afford to have enough
money / to splash out to be extravagant / to be worth it
to merit the price / legacy heritage, history / to spend,
spent, spent to pass (time) / nearby close by, not far
away / to mar to sully, to tarnish / bold audacious /
midcentury from the middle of the 20th century (the
1950s) / to be filled with here, to be richly decorated with.
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

If you go to Ben's Chili Bowl, have a look at its colorful mural outside.
‘DREAM’ CITY
7. If you’re here for the history, the best place to
start is where Dr King ended his famous march,
on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The man
who had freed the slaves stood watch as thou-
sands came to demand the fruits of that promise.
It’s a moving place. The great obelisk of the Wash-
ington Memorial, the pillars of the National Ar-
chives, home of the Constitution and the Bill of
Rights, and the rotunda of the Capitol – they are
a powerful sight, but a conflicting one, too.
8. Many of these monuments were made by slaves.
Parts of the Capitol building, the Statue of Freedom
which sits on top, even the White House itself were
built by men in chains. This country was founded
on that paradox. Lincoln freed the slaves and was
shot in Ford’s Theatre down the road for doing so.
Dr King’s dream, those words that seem so obvious
7. step part of stairs leading up/down from a building /
slave person who is owned by and works for another
person in terrible conditions / to stand, stood, stood
watch to keep guard, to watch over / to demand to insist
upon, to ask for / moving touching, emotional / pillar
column / home (of) here, place where sth is kept / (the)
Bill of Rights first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
added in 1791 to protect certain rights of citizens / rotunda
circular building with a dome / sight view, vision.
8. to sit, sat, sat to be positioned / on top at the highest
point / even as well as / to found to create, to establish /
to shoot, shot, shot to kill with a firearm / down the
road not far from here / so that / to seem to appear /
obvious evident, clear /
Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
now, were viewed by many as a threat: J Edgar
Hoover, the director of the FBI at the time, worked
tirelessly to undermine his efforts. The Civil Rights
Act, far from being unanimously received, was
constantly obstructed by southern members of
the congress. Only the assassination of Kennedy,
and the outrage that followed, had the political
muscle to push it through.
HOUSE OF CARDS
9. Away from the politics, there is much else in
Washington to admire. Ben’s Chili Bowl on U-
Street, home of the chili half smoke, is a DC in-
stitution and has welcomed everyone from Chris
Rock to the cast of House of Cards. There’s also
Capitol Lounge for pizza and $5 margaritas; and
the Cozy Den Coffee Shop, with the excellent
bookstore above which hosts regular author
talks and events. Baba, just across the Potomac
to view to perceive, to consider / threat danger, menace /
time period / tirelessly with never-ending energy / to
undermine to weaken, to damage / (the) Civil Rights
Act (1964) law in the US which made discrimination based
on race, colour, religion, sex or national origin illegal / to
receive to accept / to obstruct to block / outrage anger
/ muscle strength, power, force / to push through to
make (a law) be adopted.
9. away from at a distance from / half smoke local
sausage which is similar to a hot-dog but larger, half-beef/
half-pork and spicier / cast team of actors / bookstore
bookshop / above upstairs, in a higher part of the building
/ to host to organise / across on the other side of /
river in Arlington, serves craft cocktails in a cool
speakeasy setting and a chocolate and orange
dessert that tastes like Jaffa Cakes.
10. I saved the best until last with a visit to the
Smithsonian National Museum of African
American History and Culture. The first mu-
seum of its kind in the country, it has sold out
every day since it opened a year ago. The
journey begins in the basement, with slave
ships coming to the New World, and winds
slowly upwards through cotton fields and
segregation to three floors of art, music, sports,
dancing – a celebration of African American
culture and the influence of black lives on the
country today. Nowhere is the story of Amer-
ica’s division, and the bridges that have over-
come it, better told. What better way to end a
trip in Washington? O
craft artisanal / speakeasy illicit bar selling alcohol in the
US during the Prohibition where people spoke quietly so as
not to alert the police or neighbours / setting
environment, decor, atmosphere / to taste to have the
flavour of.
10. to save to reserve, to put aside, to keep / kind type,
sort / to sell, sold, sold out to sell all the tickets /
journey visit / basement room below ground level / ship
large boat / to wind, wound, wound upwards to slowly
go upwards / field cultivated area of land / floor level /
bridge structure over a river/road, here, link which
connects or reduces the distance between two things / to
overcome, overcame, overcome to triumph over, to
surmount / way method, manner.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 15
 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Close new world Borat to the

rescue
British actor
Sacha Baron
Cohen has
come to the
rescue of six
tourists who
were arrested

(20th Century Fox)

in Kazakhstan
for wearing
“mankinis” last
month. The
Czech tourists
were fined after posing in the infamous
one-piece swimsuit in Astana, the Kazakh
capital. The mankini was made famous by
the comedian in his 2006 movie Borat. The
actor offered to foot the cost of their
prank: “To my Czech mates who were
arrested. Send me your details and proof
that it was you, and I'll pay your fine,” he
wrote on Facebook.
to come, came, come to the rescue of to help sb in
an emergency situation / to wear, wore, worn to put
on, dress in / Czech relating to the Czech Republic / to
fine to demand a sum of money as punishment for a
crime / infamous well-known for bad reasons,
notorious / swimsuit bathing suit/costume (worn for
(Sipa)

swimming) / to offer to propose / to foot the cost

to pay for / prank practical joke, trick / mate friend,
pal / details here, personal information such as
A team of scientists using an observatory in Chile have found a potentially habit- address, email, phone etc. / proof (inv.) evidence.
able world that’s relatively close to our solar system, just 11 light years away. The
planet, named Ross 128b is about the size of the Earth and revolves around a red
dwarf. According to scientists, its surface temperature could lie somewhere be-
tween –60° and 20°C, making it temperate and possibly capable of supporting life.
away a distance of / about approximately, around / (the) Earth our planet / to revolve around to encircle, move
around, gravitate around / dwarf very small / according to as stated/reported by / to lie, lay, lain here, to be situated /
somewhere at some point between, anywhere between / to make, made, made to render, result in / to support here,
to make possible.

(Tesla)
Virtual penguins to help patients
Virtual reality headsets are being Tesla’s monster
used to help people who suffer
from cystic fibrosis in the UK.
battery
Patients are immersed in a Tesla has finished building the world’s
penguin safari experience to biggest lithium ion battery. Located in
motivate them to exercise in the South Australia, a region which is heavily
hospital room. The aim is to dependent on green energy, the
distract patients going through powerpacks have been installed at a wind
treatment to make the experience farm run by a French company called
more comfortable. Cystic fibrosis Neoen. The battery can store enough
is a life-threatening genetic energy to power 30,000 homes for an
disorder where the lungs and hour. Tesla's Chief Executive Officer, Elon
digestive system can become Musk, said the battery would be free if it
clogged with mucus. The first trial was not installed within 100 days. It looks
of this VR experience is being like he has met his deadline!
carried out at Llandough Hospital to be located to be situated / heavily considerably,
(IStock)

in Wales. very / powerpack here, battery / wind farm area

with installations that produce energy from wind
headset headphones + microphone, computer equipment worn on the head / to suffer from to have (as an illness/ power / to run, ran, run to operate, manage / to
chronic condition) / to immerse to plunge, to absorb oneself / to exercise here, to do physical exercise / aim goal, store to keep, stock / enough sufficient / to power
objective / to go, went, gone through to follow, undergo / life-threatening possibly fatal / disorder illness, ailment, to provide energy for / Chief Executive Officer
medical condition / lung respiratory organ / to clog to block, obstruct / trial test, experiment / to carry out to do, general director / to meet, met, met one’s
conduct / Wales country that is part of the UK and to the west of England (capital: Cardiff). deadline to finish sth in the allocated time.

16 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017

 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Faire un cadeau
On dit souvent qu’il est encore plus agréable d’offrir un
cadeau que d’en recevoir un… cette page vous donnera
quelques clés pour réagir en anglais dans les deux
situations…

Vocabulaire clé

amazing superbe, génial
baby shower fête pour la
naissance d’un bébé
birth naissance
birthday anniversaire
card carte
cheap peu cher
christening baptême
(ISTOCK)
housewarming pendaison
de crémaillère
lovely adorable
moved, touched ému(e) Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le CD
offer offrir lecture et son commentaire sur la partie basique du
CD conversation.
personal personnel CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
receive recevoir (un
cadeau)

Christmas, Xmas Noël retirement retraite

communal fund, kitty pot ribbon ruban, bolduc

commun speechless sans-voix
conceal cacher
disappointed déçu(e)
engagement fiançailles
expensive cher, onéreux
gift token, gift card carte
cadeau
gift, present cadeau
give a present faire un
cadeau
group gift cadeau en
commun
hand-made fait-main
happy heureux, heureuse
Expressions à retenir
It’s for you. C’est pour toi/vous.
surprise surprise I wasn’t sure what to get, I don’t know what you like. Je ne
thank remercier savais pas vraiment quoi prendre, je ne connais pas tes/vos goûts.
thank-you gift cadeau de I hope you like it. J’espère que cela te/vous plaira.
remerciement Thank you so much but that really wasn’t necessary. Merci
thankful, grateful infiniment mais, vraiment, il ne fallait pas.
reconnaissant(e) How thoughtful of you! Quelle belle intention !
unwrap, open déballer, I love it! J’adore !
ouvrir How did you know I wanted this? Comment savais-tu/
saviez-vous que je voulais ça ?
wedding mariage
It’s amazing! Thank you so much! C’est génial ! Merci
wonderful magnifique
beaucoup !
wrap emballer
I can’t find the words to express how touched I am! Les mots
wrapping paper papier me manquent pour vous dire comme je suis touché(e) !
cadeau

heavy lourd
Bon à savoir
Il sera toujours apprécié d’arriver avec un petit présent lorsque
vous êtes invité(e) chez quelqu’un dans un pays anglo-saxon.
En revanche, ne soyez pas surpris(e) ou vexé(e) si votre hôte
n’ouvre pas le cadeau devant vous lorsque vous le lui offrez.
Souvent, par pudeur, les Britanniques, notamment, auront
tendance à ouvrir leur cadeau plus tard, voire lorsque vous
serez parti(e).
Testez-vous
Trouvez l’intrus dans chacune des listes
suivantes :
1) a- amazing b- fantastic c- wonderful d- preposterous
2) a- upset b- disappointed c- moved d- offended
3) a- cooking lesson b- jewel c- yoga class d- parachute jump
4) a- purchase b- wrap c- cut d- fold
5) a- beautiful b- tacky c- gorgeous d- splendid
SOLUTIONS : 1-d ; 2-c ; 3-b ; 4-a ; 5-b.

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE / Grammaire

JOAN GREENWOOD

Le passif
Piqûre de rappel
1
Pour passer de la voix Indiquez si ces phrases sont à la forme active [A] ou passive [P].
active à la voix passive, il 1. Someone has stolen my camera. _____
suffit d’insérer l’auxiliaire 2. Our house has been flooded three times in the past few years. _____
to be (conjugué au temps 3. When was the light bulb invented? _____
de la phrase active) et
4. Elections are held every five years. _____
d’ajouter le participe
5. The paramedics arrived just five minutes after the accident. _____
passé du verbe.
6. I’ve prepared everything you will need. _____
Par exemple : 7. No one is living in the house at the moment. _____
Present continuous 8. Most of our goods are transported by road. _____
A house is being built. SOLUTIONS : 1. A, 2. P, 3. P, 4. P, 5. A, 6. A, 7. A, 8. P

Present simple
Goods are delivered to the 2
Mettez ces phrases au passif.
back door.
1. A British firm built the new bridge.
Simple past __________________________________________________________________________
The concert was cancelled.
2. People make twice as many calls at Christmas than at any other time of the year.
Present perfect __________________________________________________________________________
Everyone has been informed. 3. They had been tracking him for several months.
Past continuous __________________________________________________________________________
They were being questioned. 4. Strong winds have caused a lot of damage.
__________________________________________________________________________
Past perfect
They had been told not to 5. I don’t like people telling me what to do.
__________________________________________________________________________
go.
6. The board interviewed over 100 candidates last week.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. The warden closes the gates at 6 pm during the winter months.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. When did you take these photos?
__________________________________________________________________________

sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
8. When were these photos taken?
7. The gates are closed at 6 pm during the winter months.
6. Over 100 candidates were interviewed last week.
5. I don’t like being told what to do.
4. A lot of damage has been caused by the strong winds
3. He had been tracked for several months.
2. Twice as many calls are made at Christmas ...
1. The new bridge was built by a British firm.
SOLUTIONS :

18 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017

/ Prononciation Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

JOAN GREENWOOD

Soignez votre orthographe !

Le saviez-vous ?
La Smithsonian Institution, connue sous le nom de United States 1 Weather (le temps) ou
National Museum jusqu’en 1967, est née de la volonté du scientifique whether (que [...] soit) ?
britannique James Smithson qui a légué sa fortune à un pays qu’il Rappel: weather peut être un substantif ou un
verbe (voir Sur le Bout de la Langue page 26 )
n’avait jamais visité (les Etats-Unis), afin que soit créée une institution
Les deux mots se prononcent de la même
“for the increase and diffusion of knowledge”.
manière.
C’est aujourd’hui une institution de recherche scientifique qui a, au fil Sauriez-vous les placer dans ces vers
des années, développé ses vocations éditoriales, muséographiques, humoristiques ?
pédagogiques et éducatives. La Smithsonian Institution regroupe W.................... the w.................... be hot,
aujourd’hui un vaste complexe de dix-neuf musées et neuf centres de W.................... the w.................... be cold,
recherche principalement situés à Washington, D.C. We’ll w.................... the w....................,
On l’appelle “the nation’s attic” (le grenier de la nation) en raison des Whatever the w....................,
154 millions d’objets et spécimens éclectiques qui s’y trouvent.
W.................... it’s hot or cold.
Whether it’s hot or cold.
Whatever the weather,
Le dessin d'Yves Cotten We’ll weather the weather,
Whether the weather be cold,
SOLUTIONS : Whether the weather be hot,

2 Tendez l’oreille
Prononcez ces mots à haute voix et
choisissez le graphique qui correspond à
chacun (les graphiques représentent le
nombre de syllabes et l’accent tonique).
perpetrators government harassment
recipe formidable recreational

(d) recreational (e) government (f) formidable

Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

SOLUTIONS : (a) harassment, (b) perpetrators (c) recipe

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 Trouvez les mots composés, tirés des articles de ce numéro, 5 mots à mémoriser
en reliant un mot de la colonne A avec un mot de la colonne dans ce numéro
B, puis traduisez-les.
a maid une domestique
A B Traduction a widow une veuve
a weirdo un cinglé
doom mallow ____________________________________________
cranky excentrique
head way ____________________________________________
to be rude être impoli
snow house ____________________________________________
block sayers ____________________________________________
worth tie ____________________________________________ L'expression idiomatique
marsh sweet ____________________________________________ “An apple a day keeps the doctor
free drift ____________________________________________ away”.
bitter ache ____________________________________________ (Voir l’article Can a mushroom a day
green buster ____________________________________________ keep the doctor away? Page 29)

bow while ____________________________________________ Il y a plusieurs variantes de ce

proverbe qui vante les mérites de la
pomme pour la santé.
freeway (autoroute) / headache (mal de tête) / greenhouse (serre) / bow tie (noeud papillon)
neige) / blockbuster (film à grand succès) / worthwhile (qui vaut la peine) / bittersweet (aigre-doux) / La première date de 1866 où on peut
lire dans Notes and Queries
SOLUTIONS : doomsayers (prophètes de malheur) / marshmallow (guimauve) / snowdrift (congère, amas de

magazine :
“Eat an apple on going to bed, and
2
Complétez ces expressions qui sont toutes issues des articles you’ll keep the doctor from
de ce numéro. earning his bread.”
_ _ _ -of - the - _ _ _ _ (banal, ordinaire) Il faut noter cependant qu’en vieil
anglais “apple” ne voulait pas dire
to _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ _ (faire un tas d’histoires)
simplement “pomme” mais tout
the _ _ _ _ of the _ _ _ (la majeure partie de la journée) fruit rond qui pousse sur un arbre.
to _ _ _ _ fun _ _ s.o. (se moquer de quelqu’un) On parle souvent de “the apple”
something’s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (quelque chose se prépare) (fruit interdit) qu’Eve proposa à
Adam, mais dans la version de la
on _ _ _ _ _ _ of (pour, au nom de) Bible de King James (1611), on
to be _ _ _ of _ _ _ _ _ (ne plus être dans le coup) l’appelle simplement “a fruit”.

to be tan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to (être équivalent à)

to pay one’s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (payer sa part)

something’s brewing, on behalf of, to be out of touch, to be tantamount to, to pay one’s fair share
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
SOLUTIONS : run-of-the-mill, to make a fuss, the bulk of the day, to poke fun at someone , grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Les repas de fin d’année

20 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017

 ÉchosBrèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(SIPA)
Number One
Taylor Swift's Reputation has become the
top-selling album of 2017 in the United
States. In November, she sold 1.22 million
copies in just one week, overtaking Ed
Sheeran’s record Divide as the year’s biggest
record. The American pop singer kept all but
four songs from Reputation off streaming
services for three weeks, meaning that fans
needed to pay to download the album or
buy it on CD. According to Forbes, Swift is
the third highest-earning female musician
in 2017 ($44m), behind Beyoncé ($105m)
and Adele ($69m).

(DR)
copy here, album / to overtake, overtook, overtaken
to surpass, here, to go higher than / record album / but
NYC taxi calendar here, except, apart from, with the exception of / off not
on, absent from / to download to transfer a file from
the internet to a computer / according to as stated by,
Did you know that New York City Taxi Drivers have their own pin-up calendar? reported by / highest-earning who earns the most (to
Every year, the city’s cab drivers show their sexy side for a good cause. The 2018 earn to make money from one’s work).
edition features some of the city’s best-humored yellow taxi drivers, posing in
various states of undress with their vehicles. A portion of each sale goes to a non-
profit institution helping immigrants find education and housing opportunities.
‘Shero’ Barbies
To date, New York’s taxi drivers have raised more than $60,000 for the charity! American toy
maker Mattel
own particular, original, here, made by them / cab driver taxi driver/chauffeur / side aspect, facet / to feature to has added a
include, present / state level, degree / undress nudity / portion percentage / to go, went, gone to to be donated to / new Barbie
non-profit organisation not aiming to make money / housing accommodation / to date until now, up to now / to raise
here to collect / charity non-profit organisation devoted to raising money to help others in need.
to its ‘Shero’
line, which
is inspired
by real-life
John Lennon’s glasses women who
have broken
Last month, German police recovered
boundaries.
more than 100 items stolen from John
This doll is the
Lennon's estate, including two pairs of
first Barbie to
glasses, a music score and three diaries.
(SIPA)

wear a hijab ;
They were stolen in New York in 2006
it is modelled
from Lennon’s widow, Yoko Ono. Much
on the American fencer and Olympic
of the haul was confiscated from an
champion Ibtihaj Muhammad. “Today, I’m
auction house in Berlin this summer,
proud to know that little girls who wear
sparking a police hunt to find the other
a hijab and, just as powerfully, those who
items. A 58-year-old man has been
don’t, can play with Barbie in a headscarf,”
arrested on suspicion of handling stolen
Muhammad told Teen Vogue. “The more
goods. Beatles memorabilia can fetch
diverse dolls offered, the many more
(SIPA)

huge prices at auction. This year, a jacket

inspiring stories girls will be able to tell.”
worn by Lennon sold for £10,400!
line range, collection / real-life real, actual /
to recover to recuperate / item article, object / to steal, stole, stolen to rob, to take illegally / estate all the money doll model of a human figure, here, Barbie / to
and property a person owns (esp on their death) / music score here, sheet music / diary private journal / widow woman be modelled on to take its inspiration from /
whose husband has died / haul large amount of sth (usually that is stolen or illegal) / auction house company whose fencer person who engages in the sport of fencing
business is selling to the person or company offering the highest price / to spark to cause, trigger, set off / hunt search / to (fencing art or sport of fighting with swords) / proud
arrest to take into custody / on suspicion of suspected of / to handle here, to traffic / goods merchandise, here articles, feeling pleased and satisfied about sth / powerful
objects / memorabilia souvenirs / to fetch to reach, attain (a price) / huge enormous, considerable / jacket short coat / embodying a strong/positive message / headscarf
to wear, wore, worn to put on, dress in / to sell, sold, sold to exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent. piece of cloth worn around the neck or head.

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 21

Enjeux I Harcèlement sexuel I
THE ECONOMIST
HOW COMMON IS
SEXUAL HARASSMENT?
The prevalence of sexual abuse
The revelations concerning Harvey Weinstein have unleashed a wave of voices each day denouncing a wide range of sexual
misconduct. Is it possible to obtain data to measure how widespread this problem is? Or ideas about how to deal with it? British
newspaper, The Economist, offers an analysis of the current situation in the United States.
F or social scientists the apparent
epidemic of propositioning, pinch-
ing, groping and flashing that is gripping
America brings a rare opportunity to ob-
serve a new norm, around how men be-
have towards women, being created in real
time. First though, they must figure out
1. social scientist specialist in the study of human society
and relationships / to proposition to suggest sex / to
pinch to squeeze / to grope to grab/touch with one’s
hands / to flash to expose one’s genitals in public / to grip
to seize the attention of / to behave to conduct oneself /
to figure out to understand, to determine /
22 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
ETATS-UNIS I ÀÀ B2-C1
(IStock)
the extent of the problem. The most ex-
treme example—rape—is hard enough to
count. In the United States, Government
statistics produced by the Centres for
the scale, sexual harassment—a charge
that rarely carries criminal punishment—
is far more common, and harder still to
count.
Disease Control and Protection suggest
that one in five women and one in 60 men 2.It is also a fairly new phenomenon, in
have been a victim of rape or an attempted the sense that there was no phrase that
rape in their lifetime. On the other end of described it until the late-1970s. That co-
extent degree, scale, size / rape crime of forcing sb to charge accusation / to carry to result in / criminal
have sex / to count to calculate the total number of / punishment penal sanction.
attempted... intended and tried / lifetime period of time
2. in the sense that because, due to the fact that /
a person is alive / on the other end of the scale however,
phrase expression, sentence /
on the other hand, in contrast /
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

incided with women’s growing importance
in the labour force as their share of jobs
rose from 33% to 42% over the preceding
two decades. A formal legal definition ar-
rived in 1980 when the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC), a fed-
eral agency, stated that unwelcome sexual
advances which affected an individual’s
work were grounds for a complaint.
HOW MANY?
3. The law was slow to take hold. Just 16
cases of sexual harassment were received
between 1980 and 1985. But after a Su-
preme Court ruling in 1986 decided that
sexual harassment was covered by the 1964
Civil Rights Act, and held companies liable
for the harassment of employees even if
they were not themselves aware of it, the
number of EEOC harassment cases shot
up. In the intervening 30 years there have
been 400,000 complaints against compa-
nies. Even before the Harvey Weinstein
labour force workforce / share proportion, percentage /
to state to declare / unwelcome not wanted / grounds
reason / complaint accusation, official statement to
report wrongdoing.
3. to take, took, taken hold here, to be applied / ruling
decision / Civil Rights Act (1964) law in the US which
made discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or
national origin illegal / to hold, held, held sb liable for
sth to hold sb responsible for sth / to be aware of to
realize, to know about / to shoot, shot, shot up to go up
dramatically / in the intervening years period of time
between now and a past event /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
“bystander
intervention” (cf. § 5)
Un bystander (spectateur) est
quelqu'un qui est témoin d'un
évènement, sans venir en aide aux
victimes. To stand by veut dire rester
là sans rien faire.
Exemple: They stood by while he
attacked the woman.
Il y a aussi ce que l'on appelle le
bystander effect, phénomène selon
lequel les gens qui assistent à un
incident ou à un crime ont moins
tendance à intervenir s'ils ne sont
pas seuls.
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
story broke the dam,
the number of cases Hands off
had r isen by 5%
since 2014. United States, “Would you consider it sexual
harassment if a man, who was not a romantic
4. Yet since the ma- partner, did the following to a woman?”*
jority of sexual har- % stating “always” or “usually”
assment goes unre-
por ted, its tr ue Looking Placing a hand Commenting on
prevalence can only at breasts on lower back attractiveness
be guessed. A 2016 75
report by the EEOC Female
provided a range of
2 5 % - 8 5 % fo r t h e 50
share of women who
have faced sexual Male
harassment at some 25
point in their work-
ing lives. Victims young old
W
W
tend to be young, 0
junior and working 18-30 64+ 18-30 64+ 18-30 64+
in male-dominated Source: YouGov; *1,500 Americans
industries. They are The Economist surveyed Nov 4th 2017
over whelmingly
women: just 17% of hands off don’t touch / breasts parts of a woman’s body where the mammary glands
EEOC sexual harass- are situated / attractiveness beauty, desirability / to survey to question.
ment cases are
brought by men. Once their relative work- the EEOC has begun emphasising the role
place status and occupations are account- of what it calls “bystander intervention”—
ed for, non-white women are no more at a technique shown to be effective in sex-
risk of harassment than whites. ual assaults on university campuses.
THE YOUNGER GENERATION 6. The creation of new norms around ac-
5. Training staff to prevent sexual harass- ceptable behaviour is likely to prove more
ment, which companies often do to lower effective. And there is already evidence
their risk of being sued, has been ineffec- that attitudes to harassment are changing.
tive. The most important single thing is YouGov, a pollster, asked Americans on
for organisations to have a credible threat behalf of The Economist about their views
of sanction for the perpetrators. That also on acceptable physical contact between
means protecting staff who speak out. the sexes (see chart). Younger men are
Lilia Cortina, a professor of women’s stud- likely to be more respectful than older men
ies at the University of Michigan, finds in their behaviour towards women, and
that this is rarely done well. To that end they are also more likely to agree with
women about what is acceptable. On this
subject at least, younger Americans are
more conservative than their elders. O
dam barrier built across a river to stop water from flowing
and to create a reservoir, here, barrier which was blocking
sth.
4. to go, went, gone unreported to not be registered as
an offical charge / to guess to surmise / range here, two to emphasise to underline, to pay particular attention to
speaking about / bystander intervention courage of a
fixed upper and lower limits / at some point at one
moment, at some stage / junior subordinate, beginner, witness to intervene in a situation when another individual
needs help / sexual assault sexual attack.
inexperienced / overwhelmingly for the most part / to
bring, brought, brought to initiate / occupation job, 6. evidence proof / pollster organisation which carries
profession / to account for to take into consideration. out opinion studies / on behalf of for / chart graph,
5. to lower to reduce / to sue to take legal action against diagram / respectful showing respect / elder older
sb / ineffective inefficient, unsuccessful in producing a person.
result or effect / threat menace, danger, risk / to speak,
spoke, spoken out here, to denounce /
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 23
Enjeux I Politique I ETATS-UNIS I ÀÀ B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Le maire de New York Bill de Blasio est-il un
New York New-Yorkais comme les autres ? Regardez la
vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

LOS ANGELES TIMES NINA AGRAWAL

IT MAY BE TRUMP'S HOMETOWN,

BUT IT'S DE BLASIO'S CITY
Progressive Mayor of New York, Bill de Blasio, rejects the politics and style of U.S.
President Trump, also a New Yorker
Bill de Blasio has just been re-elected mayor of New York. The election this November saw the Democrat keep his place with 66%
of the vote over his Republican rival, Nicole Malliotakis. He is famous for being a big Red Sox fan, always late, and very anti-
Trump. So who is Bill de Blasio and what does he hope to achieve while in office?

H e is the anti-Trump, a self-styled

progressive who is mayor of the
president’s hometown and a prominent voice in
the Democratic resistance to the White House.

2.Despite misgivings by many New Yorkers who

complain the mayor can be out of touch with
their daily concerns, Bill de Blasio handily won
a second term in office leading the nation’s larg-
est city, a perch from which he can remain a
thorn in the side of the city’s most prominent
native son, President Donald Trump.

3.There is even talk that de Blasio, along with

his fellow big-city mayor Eric Garcetti of Los
Angeles, might be a prospective presidential
candidate himself.

4.“I think he wants to go national,” said George

Arzt, a former aide to New York mayor Ed Koch
and a longtime political consultant.

1. self-styled self-proclaimed / progressive liberal,
modern, open to new ideas / mayor
head of a city government / prominent important.
2. despite in spite of / misgiving doubt, mistrust / to
complain here, to criticise, find fault with / to be out of
touch with not to understand, to lack awareness of /
concern preoccupation / handily here, easily / term here,
period of mandate in power / in office in power, here, in the
position of mayor of New York / perch here, position / to
remain to continue (to be) / to be a thorn in sb’s side
(metaphor) to be a constant irritation for sb / native son
person who was born and/or raised in a place, here, New York.
3. even as well, here, actually / there is talk that... it is
said, it is believed, it is rumoured / along with together
with, as well as / fellow colleague, here person in a similar
position / prospective potential, possible.
4. to go, went, gone here, to become / former ex-,
previous / longtime over an extensive period.
ANTI-TRUMP
5.Since Trump was elected a year ago, de Blasio
has made no secret of his opposition to the
president and his policies, announcing his sup-
port for women in the face of a proposal to de-
fund Planned Parenthood, defiance of the
5. to make, made, made no secret of to not hide, to be
open about / policy political agenda, plan of action /
support approval, solidarity, endorsement / in the face
of in the context of / to defund to reduce funds, cut the
budget / Planned Parenthood organisation founded in
1916 to give women access to contraception and other
relevant reproductive and family planning medical needs /
defiance resistance /
(Kathy Willens/AP/SIPA)
president’s order to cut federal funding to so-
called sanctuary cities and a steadfast commit-
ment to immigrants.
6.Just one day before the election, in remarks
at a meeting of a local economic development
order directive / to cut, cut, cut to reduce, diminish, axe /
funding financial support / so-called alleged, commonly
termed / sanctuary city city whose policy is protective of
undocumented migrants / steadfast constant,
unwavering / commitment support of.

24 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

organization, de Blasio again took aim at
Trump, criticizing his tax plan as being harm-
ful to the city.
7.“The danger to New York City isn’t here —
it’s 200 miles down I-95,” he said, referring
to the freeway that runs the length of the
East Coast.
8.De Blasio also repeatedly cited his anti-Trump
stance during his re-election campaign against
Republican Nicole Malliotakis and independent
Bo Dietl, tarring them as being too close to the
president, who is extremely unpopular in his
home city.
9. A 6-foot-5-inch Boston Red Sox fan, de Blasio
is not especially well-loved himself, despite the
political support.
10.Like Trump, he has a reputation for being a
bit of a snob. He is late for meetings. He takes
chauffeured rides on workdays to a Brooklyn
gym. Perhaps worst of all, he shares a Trump
trait that is the New York equivalent of wearing
a bow tie to a bowling alley: He eats pizza with
a knife and fork.
11.“It’s just blasphemous,” said Corey Hoffmann,
a 28-year-old originally from New Jersey. “But it
wouldn’t stop me from voting for him,” he
added, noting that he voted for de Blasio in 2013
and again last month.
POLICE AND HOUSING
12.The mayor was elected to his first term on
campaign promises to curtail police officers’ use
of stop-and-frisk, which critics argued was
tantamount to racial profiling, and to increase
6. to take, took, taken aim at here, to attack, criticise /
tax plan fiscal reform measures / harmful damaging.
7. down distance south / I-95 = Interstate 95, main
highway on the East Coast of the US / freeway motorway,
highway / that runs the length of... here, that covers the
entire distance north to south.
8. stance position / to tar here, to accuse.
9. 6-foot-5-inch ref to his height (1m98) foot (30.48 cm)
and inch (2,54 cm) / especially particularly.
10. ride trip / gym gymnasium, sports hall / worst of all
even worse than the other examples / to share to have in
common / trait characteristic / to wear, wore, worn to
dress in / bow tie small formal necktie / bowling alley
place where one can go bowling.
11. to stop sb from (+gerund) to prevent one from.
12. housing accommodation / to curtail to reduce, restrict,
limit / stop-and-frisk also, stop and search, policy where
police stop, question and search a suspect / to argue to
claim, maintain / to be tantamount to to be the same as,
equivalent to / racial profiling the use of race or ethnicity
as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an
offence / to increase to raise the amount of /
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
affordable housing following years of luxury
development and soaring housing prices.
13.He delivered on both, settling a constitu-
tional lawsuit over the policing practice and
adding close to 80,000 affordable housing units
— something he has vowed to continue in a
second term.
14.His signature achievement was to extend
public pre-kindergarten to all eligible children
— a program he now aims to extend to early
childhood education for 3-year-olds.
15.But the mayor’s tenure was also characterized
by memorable moments of discord, including
funerals where police officers turned their backs
on him in a show of protest and open spats with
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, who opposed
the “millionaire’s tax” de Blasio wanted to pay
for the pre-K program.
“HE HAS TO DO MORE”
16. At a polling station in the Crown Heights
neighborhood of Brooklyn, local issues domi-
nated in voters’ minds more than Trump did.
The neighborhood, historically home to a large
Caribbean population, is one of a few in the
outer boroughs that has seen rapid change and
a dramatic increase in rents in the last four years.
17.“Poor people are getting pushed out — they
can’t afford the rent,” said Erwin Edwards, who
bought his house in Bedford-Stuyvesant, an-
other rapidly gentrifying neighborhood, in 1998.
“He has to do more.”
18.Edwards, a retired city bus driver, said he was
glad the mayor reined in the police. More di-
affordable not too expensive, at an accessible price / to
soar to rise suddenly and considerably.
13. to deliver here to keep (a promise or undertaking) /
both here, each / to settle to resolve / lawsuit legal action
/ over about, on the subject of / to vow to promise, pledge.
14. signature characteristic, emblematic, famous /
achievement accomplishment / to extend here, to make
accessible / pre-kindergarten nursery school / early
childhood stage of youth from birth to eight years old,
here preschool, (3-4 years).
15. tenure period of holding a political position, mandate
/ funeral ceremony for burying/cremating a dead person /
show demonstration, display / spat quarrel, argument /
pre-K = pre-kindergarten.
16. polling station location for voting / issue concern,
matter / outer boroughs suburb / to see, saw, seen to
experience, register / dramatic considerable / rent regular
(usually monthly) payment to live in a property.
17. to get, got, got to be, find oneself / to push out to expel,
force out / to afford to have enough money for / to gentrify
to convert a working-class area to a middle-class area.
18. retired no longer in work because of old age / glad
relieved, pleased, satisfied / to rein in to restrain or control /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
The Boston Red Sox (§ 9)
est une équipe de baseball basée à
Boston aux Etats-Unis. Le nom Red
Sox a été choisi par le propriétaire de
l'équipe, John I. Taylor, en 1907. À
l'époque, les joueurs de l'équipe
portaient des chaussettes rouges qui
montaient très haut, ce qui explique
le choix de ce nom. Red Sox signifie
Red Socks (bas rouges ou
chaussettes rouges) en argot
américain de l'époque.
rectly relevant to him, he said, de Blasio did a
good job of plowing the streets in outer boroughs
after major snow storms — something Bloomb-
erg did not.
19.On other transit issues, though, voters said
de Blasio needed to do more.
20.Subway crowding, delays and derailments
have become a major headache for New Yorkers
in recent years, with de Blasio and Cuomo
openly fighting over who is to blame. This year
de Blasio issued a list of priorities for subway
improvements but said the city shouldn’t have
to pay a dime.
21.“The power play between the two of them is
impacting (services),” said Earl Phillips, secretary-
treasurer of Transport Workers Union Local 100,
which represents transit workers in the city. “The
subways are a mess. The bulk of the operation and
of the real estate are in the city. … He’s not putting
his fair share of funding in.”
22.Despite those criticisms, voters shared one
dominant sentiment: Bill de Blasio, the only pro-
gressive on the ballot, was better than the rest. O
relevant pertinent, important / to plow (US)= plough
(GB) here, to clear.
19. transit transport / though however.
20. crowding situation in which too many people or
things are gathered together / delay being late, not being
on time / headache here, problem / to blame to hold
responsible / to issue here, to produce / improvement
amelioration, modernisation, here improvements repair
work, upgrading work / a dime anything, nothing at all.
21. power play competition for power, influence / union
trade union, organisation which protects workers’ rights /
to be a mess to be in a terrible state / bulk the major part
/ operation running, functioning / real estate property /
he’s not putting his fair share of funding in here, he is
not paying for the portion under his jurisdiction.
22. ballot list of candidates in an election.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 25
Culture I Cinéma I ETATS-UNIS I ÀÀÀ C2

(Lillegraven/The New York Times)

THE NEW YORK TIMES DAVE ITZKOFF

LUKE SKYWALKER SPEAKS

Mark Hamill on the new Star Wars film
With Star wars : Les Derniers Jedi, in cinemas, we have included an article featuring the American actor, Mark Hamill, talking
about his alter ego, the legendary Luke Skywalker. He is fairly philosophical about the impact his character has had on his
career, and the character’s return 38 years after the first Star Wars. He is as humorous and endearing as ever in this portrait of
the iconic Jedi warrior.

26 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2

I t was maybe the longest buildup in movie
history. After more than three decades
since he was last on screen, years of anticipation
and some two hours into “Star Wars: The Force
Awakens,” there was Luke Skywalker, the once
youthful hero of this science-fiction saga, re-
vealed as a weathered elder. Standing at a cliff
with a solemn look on his face, he was about to
receive his lightsaber from Rey, the young hero-
ine, when the story ended and the credits rolled.
Luke never said a word.
2. If this was a bittersweet moment for fans — an
abrupt, tantalizing preface to the next “Star
Wars” sequel, “The Last Jedi,” which opens Dec.
13 — imagine how it felt for Mark Hamill. In
2015, “The Force Awakens” found more substan-
tial screen time for the senior incarnations of
Princess Leia and Han Solo. But Luke was with-
held for maximum anticipation, a decision that
Hamill came to accept — eventually — as a gift
to him and his character.
3. “It is, if you can be objective about it,” he said.
Finding that inner peace took Hamill several
months of frustration and self-pity — not to
1. buildup (event in) preparation / last the last time / on
screen in the film / Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star
Wars : Le Réveil de la Force (2015) / youthful young /
weathered marked by the passage of time, old / elder
older person / cliff high area of rock with a steep precipice /
lightsaber laser sword / credits the list of names at the
beginning and end of a film / to roll to appear on the screen.
2. bittersweet both pleasant and frustrating at the same
time / tantalizing terribly exciting and tempting / sequel
follow-up / Star Wars: The Last Jedi Star Wars : Les
Derniers Jedi / to open here to start showing at cinemas /
substantial significant / senior incarnation here,
character who has aged / to withhold, held, held here,
to hold back, keep hidden / eventually after some time,
ultimately, finally.
3. inner peace peace of mind / self-pity feeling sorry for
oneself / not to mention in addition to, as well as /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Luke Skywalker (...)
revealed as a
weathered elder. (cf. § 1)
Vous connaissez sûrement le mot
weather pour parler de la pluie, du
vent et du soleil...
Mais saviez vous que "weather" est
également un verbe :
to weather the storm essuyer une
tempête
to be weathered érodé par la pluie et
le vent
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
mention a Lucasfilm-mandated regimen of
dieting and exercise, during which he thought
to himself: “Why are they training me to turn
and remove a hood? I could be the size of Mar-
lon Brando in ‘Apocalypse Now,’ who’s going
to know?”
4. You would understand if Hamill, now 66, had
a conflicted relationship with “Star Wars,” which
put him on a pop-cultural pedestal. The series
defined and dominated his career, even as he
took on other film, television and theater roles.
But Hamill isn’t bitter or jaded, and he isn’t Luke,
though he has retained some of that character’s
incorruptibility. He’s gone from a new hope to
an old hand, with a lined, expressive face and a
gray beard, beneath which lurks a mischievous
sense of humor, a yearning to perform and a joy
in sharing “Star Wars” war stories.
5. “I’m such a fraud,” he said with a theatrical air.
“But I’m enjoying all the residual attention that
the movie’s getting. I should be, by all rights,
puttering in my garden with a metal detector,
telling kids to get off my lawn. What’s not to love?”
6. Lucas said he chose Hamill from a pool of
young actors because he brought a measure of
Lucasfilm George Lucas’ production company (sold to
Walt Disney in 2012) / to mandate to demand, stipulate /
regimen here, regime, program / dieting eating regime to
lose weight / to train to prepare the body physically for a
task / hood head covering.
4. conflicted here, ambivalent / to take, took, taken on
here, to accept (to play a role in) / theater (US) = theatre
(GB) / bitter here, acrimonious, resentful / jaded
disenchanted, hardened with anger / to retain to keep,
conserve / he’s gone from a new hope to an old hand the
young hopeful (idealist) has become an experienced senior /
lined marked with age lines / gray = grey (GB) / beard
facial hair on the chin / to lurk to remain hidden, waiting to
appear / mischievous fond of causing trouble in a playful
way / yearning strong desire / to perform to play (a role).
5. fraud impostor / by all rights here, logically / to putter in
the garden to do a bit of gardening / lawn area of cut grass
in a garden / what’s not to love? what more could I ask for?.
6. pool group / measure here, degree of, some /
Star Wars, 1977. (20th Century Fox)
humanity to a film full of space vehicles and
special effects. “I needed a protagonist who was
comfortable treating these things both casually
and seriously in order to give that world an air
of authenticity,” Lucas said. He added that Hamill
“made Luke accessible and relatable to people in
the first ‘Star Wars'” and its sequels.
7. Hamill committed fully to the material, but
was unsure it would find a wider audience. “I
thought, even if this thing doesn’t slay at the box
office, it’s got midnight cult movie written all
over it,” he said. “Move over, ‘Rocky Horror,’ ‘Star
Wars’ is here!”
ON BROADWAY
8. Instead, “Star Wars” became an interna-
tional phenomenon, tying Hamill to his
character and to Fisher and Ford — even
now, he sometimes accidentally calls them
“Harry and Carrison” — as they promoted
the movie together.
9. Hamill, who receives a percentage of the
“Star Wars” royalties, did not go onto a main-
stream career, but he is hardly rueful now.
Of his cohort, Hamill said Ford was the one >>>
casually in a relaxed manner / relatable that is easy to
identify with.
7. to commit to to devote oneself to, here to invest in,
engage in / material here, film / to slay, slew, slain at
the box office (fam) to make a killing, bring in lots of
money from ticket sales / it’s got midnight cult movie
written all over it it is clearly a cult film / to move over to
move out of the way / Rocky Horror = Rocky Horror
Picture Show Jim Sharman’s American cult film (1975).
8. to tie to link, connect / accidentally without meaning
to / to promote to participate in the promotion of.
9. Broadway name of the street in Manhattan, New York,
that passes through Times Square; famous for its theatres
/ royalty payment on each sale / to go, went, gone onto
to pursue / mainstream conventional, traditional, here
mass market / hardly not really / rueful sad, melancholy
/ cohort group, team /
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 27
 Culture I Cinéma I ETATS-UNIS
>>> meant for matinee idol status: “He’s a brilliant
actor — that’s a given,” he said. “He’s also a
leading man. When I tested for this thing, I
assumed he was the protagonist and I was
his annoying sidekick.”
10. After two blockbuster sequels, “The
Empire Strikes Back” in 1980 and “Return
of the Jedi” in 1983, Hamill believed the “Star
Wars” story was complete. With newfound
visibility, he decided to pursue a lifelong
dream of performing on Broadway. “I wasn’t
getting character parts in movies and tel-
evision,” he explained.
11. Over the next 30 years, Hamill was cast in cult
films and TV shows, often poking fun at his in-
ability to shed his “Star Wars” legacy. He played
an interstellar fighter pilot in the Wing Com-
mander video games, and on “The Simpsons,” he
portrayed himself playing Nathan Detroit as Luke
Skywalker in a mediocre dinner-theater produc-
tion of “Guys and Dolls.” Perhaps his best-known
work from this era was providing the voice of the
malevolent Joker in several animated Batman TV
shows, movies and video games.
LUNCH WITH LUCAS
12. He was not involved in the much-maligned
“Star Wars” prequels from 1999 to 2005. And
when Lucas invited him and Fisher to a lunch
in 2012, to tell them he was giving control of
Lucasfilm to Kathleen Kennedy and that a new
“Star Wars” trilogy was being planned, Hamill
had no expectation of being asked to participate.
13. When Lucas said their characters would be
included in these new films if they wanted to
play them, Hamill said, “I was completely
to be meant for to be destined for / matinee idol star
actor that is adored by his female fans / that’s a given
that is obvious, evident / leading man here, actor playing
the principal role / to assume to suppose, accept as true /
annoying irritating / sidekick acolyte, assistant.
10. blockbuster big-budget film that is a financial success
/ The Empire Strikes Back Star Wars : L’Empire
contre-attaque / Return of the Jedi Star Wars : Le Retour
du Jedi / newfound new / to pursue to follow, attempt to
achieve / lifelong lasting all of one’s life / part role.
11. to be cast to be selected for a role / to poke fun at to
make fun of / to shed, shed, shed to rid himself of, move
away from / legacy heritage, here, role that defined his
career / fighter pilot military aircraft pilot / to portray
oneself to play ones own character / dinner-theater
combination of dinner and theatre in one place / Guys and
Dolls Blanches colombes et vilains messieurs (Broadway
musical 1950) / era epoch, period / malevolent evil,
villainous.
12. much-maligned slated, disliked by the critics /
prequel film that comes after another and relates events
that happened previously / to have no expectation of...
not to be under any illusion that....
28 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
I ÀÀÀ C2
Hamill in Star Wars: The Last Jedi. (SIPA)
stunned. Carrie, not a minute went by — she
slapped the table and goes, ‘I’m in!’ I said, ‘Carrie,
poker face2'”
14.Hamill needed more time to think. “I was just
really scared,” he said. “I thought, why mess with
it? The idea of catching lightning in a bottle twice
was ridiculously remote.”He also feared that
audiences would reject him and his veteran co-
stars. “No one wants to see the 50-, 60-, 70-year-
old versions of us, running around, bumping
heads on the Death Star,” he said. “It’s sad.”
15. Hamill thought he would have some cover
to refuse “The Force Awakens,” expecting that
Ford would not return. “He’s too old and too rich
and too cranky,” Hamill said. “He’s not going to
do this.” But when Ford said yes, Hamill realized
he had to agree, too: “Can you imagine if I was
the only one to say no? I’d be the most hated man
in nerd-dom.”
FIRST WORDS
16. Soon after accepting, Hamill got to bask in
the adulation of “Star Wars” fans eager to see
him on new adventures with the young novices
Rey (Daisy Ridley) and Finn (John Boyega). He
trained to get into shape and met with Lucasfilm
13. stunned shocked, surprised / to slap to hit with the
palm of the hand / I’m in! yes, I accept, you can count on me
/ poker face straight face, where emotion is not visible.
14. to be scared to be afraid / to mess with to add to
something that is already complete / to catch, caught,
caught lightning in a bottle twice here, to reproduce a
miracle / remote distant, here, unlikely, improbable /
veteran here, person having already taken part in... / to
bump to hit, knock against, here, fighting.
15. cover here, excuse / cranky excentric, bizarre; also,
bad-tempered / nerd-dom community of Star Wars fans
(nerd geek, unfashionable but smart, and obsessed,
especially with cult films, computers etc).
16. to bask in to enjoy, profit from / to be eager to to be
keen to, enthusiastic about / to get, got, got into shape
to prepare for a role physically /
artists. But deeper behind the scenes, J.J. Abrams,
the director of “The Force Awakens,” and his
co-writer, Lawrence Kasdan, were realizing their
ever-expanding script could not accommodate
Luke’s storyline. “The idea of it was so enor-
mous,” Abrams said. “It became clear that there
was no way that that movie could also include
those chapters. That had to be the next movie.”
17. Eventually Abrams had to tell Hamill that
Luke would not be a significant character in
“The Force Awakens.” “I let him know before he
read the script that his role was minimal,”
Abrams said. “I don’t think he knew just how
minimal until he read it.” Hamill does not deny
his initial disappointment, though he said he
was mostly afraid that Luke’s big reveal at the
end would fall flat.
18. Hamill has come to appreciate his extended
cameo in “The Force Awakens” — “when they
talk about you that much in a movie before you
even show up, that’s fabulous,” he said. But now
he and the “The Last Jedi” creators understand
how much is riding on them with this film. “I
told him, everyone is going to be leaning forward
for your first words in this,” said Rian Johnson,
the “Last Jedi” writer and director. “Obviously,
Mark came into this one with higher expecta-
tions for what we do with the character.” O
behind the scenes here the production aspects behind
the performances / ever-expanding that keeps growing,
here, getting bigger and more detailed / script screenplay
/ accommodate here, to integrate, include, have enough
space for / storyline story, plot.
17. significant important / to deny to refute /
disappointment disillusionment, discontent / reveal
revelation, here, moment, scene / to fall, fell, fallen flat
to be unsuccessful, here, have no impact.
18. extended long, prolonged / cameo brief appearance
/ to show, showed, showed or shown up to appear / to
ride, rode, ridden on to depend on / to lean, leaned or
leant, leaned or leant forward for to anticipate with
impatience / obviously clearly, evidently.
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2
Découverte I Santé I ÀÀ B2-C1

THE GUARDIAN FELICITY CLOAKE

CAN A MUSHROOM A DAY

KEEP THE DOCTOR AWAY?
Magical mushrooms (Ref. to the saying "an apple a day keeps the doctor away" = mieux vaut prévenir que guérir)
If you want to stay young, eat Boletus edulis better known as cepe mushrooms. They are chock-full of anti-oxidants, and useful in
combating the ageing process, cancer and even Alzheimer’s. So good news for mushroom fans and foragers!

A nother day, another superfood ele-

vated to the canon and, for once, it
is something most of us already eat on a
regular basis – the humble mushroom. Ac-
cording to research by a team at Penn State
University, mushrooms contain unusually
high levels of two important antioxidants,
ergothioneine and glutathione, that scientists
think may help to protect the body against
the maladies of old age, such as cancer, coro-
nary heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

2.Robert Beelman, professor emeritus of food

science and director of the Penn State Center
for Plant and Mushroom Products for Health,

explains that “without a doubt, mushrooms
are the highest dietary source of these two
antioxidants taken together, and some types
are really packed with both of them”.
EASY TO LOVE
3.Unfortunately, these are not the varieties
we eat most of in this country: although the
neat white button mushrooms in a chicken
stew, or the meaty field mushroom on your
Sunday fry-up are both good sources of anti-
oxidants, they don’t even come close to the
amounts found in wild ceps (Boletus edulis,
1. superfood very nutritious food which is beneficial to health
/ to elevate to increase the level of sth / canon collection of
rules and laws, here, group of recognised superfoods /
according to as stated/reported by... / such as like (for
example)... / heart disease cardiovascular problems.
2. health physical and mental well-being / dietary
related to food / to be packed with to be full of.
3. unfortunately regrettably / although even if / neat
compact and petite / white button mushroom common
cultivated mushroom with a rounded white cap / stew
ragout, dish of meat and vegetables / meaty substantial,
fleshy / field meadow / fry-up English breakfast of eggs
and bacon, baked beans, sausages, toast etc. / both each
of two things / even so much as / to come, came, come
close to here, to have nearly as much as / amount
quantity / wild growing naturally /
AKA penny buns or porcini). Researchers sug-
gest this may be why countries such as Italy
and France, which include more ergothioneine
in their diets, have lower rates of neurodegen-
erative diseases than the United States.
4.Unlike many so-called superfoods, ceps are
easy to love. Although you won’t find them
fresh outside the brief autumnal season when
their chestnut caps are a relatively common
sight in British woodland, dried ceps are
widely available and, as ergothioneine and
glutathione are fairly heat stable, these are by
aka = also known as / rate level, percentage.
4. unlike contrary to / so-called what is known as / fresh
recently picked / outside beyond / chestnut deep reddish
brown colour / cap cover, here, head / common familiar,
ordinary / sight vision, image / woodland forest, wood /
dried preserved through dehydration / widely largely,
extensively / available on offer / as because / fairly quite
/ heat stable thermostable (heat high temperature) /
(IStock)
no means inferior. Soak them in warm water
for 10 minutes before use – and don’t discard
the liquid: it makes wonderful stock.
5.The rich, deeply savoury flavour of the cep
makes them the classic choice for a risotto, but
they will also add a punch of umami to any
slow-cooked meat or vegetable dish, a lovely
recipe for a simple mushroom broth or some
rather fancy porcini baked eggs, but for me,
you cannot beat the simple joy of buttery ceps
on hot toast. Magic mushrooms, indeed. O
by no means in no way / to soak to leave immersed /
warm tepid / to discard to throw away / to make,
made, made here, to be able to be used as... / stock base
for preparing soups and sauces, broth.
5. deeply intensely, extremely / savoury full of flavour,
tasty, aromatic / flavour taste / classic traditional, also,
fine / punch zest, vigour, kick / umami taste sensation
associated with meats and high-protein food / to
slow-cook to cook over a low heat for several hours / dish
meal / recipe mixture of ingredients and method of
making sth / broth soup / rather fairly, quite / fancy
elaborate / baked eggs oeufs en cocotte / buttery
cooked in butter / indeed without doubt.

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 29

Découverte I Psychologie I ÀÀ B2-C1
THE ECONOMIST
PARADISE
POSTPONED
Resisting temptation... (Paradise postponed = play
on words with the title of the 1667 poem by John Milton Paradise
Lost and to postpone to put to a later time)
Have you heard of the marshmallow
test? It was a psychological test of
children at the end of the 1960s to
evaluate their capacity for delayed
gratification. 50 years later, are our
youngsters any better at resisting
temptation? An American psychologist
is carrying out new research.
O ur sires’ age was worse than our
grandsires’. We, their sons, are
more worthless than they; so in our turn
we shall give the world a progeny yet more
corrupt.” That was the way of the world
according to Horace, a Roman poet, writing
in about 20BC. He has no shortage of con-
temporary successors.
1. sire father / worthless without value, useless /
progeny children, offspring, descendants / corrupt
immoral / way of the world vision of the world / BC =
Before Christ / there is no shortage of... there is no
lack of....
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"Paradise postponed"
Le titre de l'article est un jeu de mots
qui fait allusion à "Paradise Lost"
(Le Paradis perdu), un poème épique
écrit par John Milton. Publié en 1667
en dix parties, l'ouvrage est rédigé en
vers non rimés.
Notez la différence entre to
postpone (remettre à plus tard) et to
cancel (annuler).
30 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
2. Doomsayers of the past two centuries
have blamed, among other things, novels,
the radio, jazz, rock ‘n roll, television, hor-
ror films, Dungeons & Dragons, video
games, the internet, smartphones and so-
cial media for the sad decline of the young.
John Protzko, a psychologist at the Univer-
sity of California, Santa Barbara, though,
wondered whether things might not be
quite so gloomy as they seemed.
3. To try to bring some rigour to the ques-
tion, he went hunting for examples of a
cognitive experiment called the Marshmal-
low test. This test, first performed at Stan-
ford University in the 1960s, measures how
good young children are at self-control—
specifically, whether or not they can defer
a small but immediate reward, such as a
marshmallow, in favour of a bigger one
later. It was one of the first examples of a
2. doomsayer person with a pessimistic view of the future
/ to blame to hold responsible / Dungeons & Dragons
fantasy role-playing game / to wonder to ask oneself /
gloomy pessimistic.
3. to go hunting for to go in search of / experiment
scientific test / to perform to do, to carry out / to defer to
put off, to postpone, to put until later / reward prize /
standardised psychological test, so it gave
him plenty of historical data to work with.
THE MARSHMALLOW TEST
4. The set-up is simple. A child is taken into
a room and presented with a choice of sug-
ary snacks. A researcher explains that the
child can choose his favourite treat and eat
it whenever he likes—but, if he waits 15
minutes, he can have two instead. The re-
searcher then leaves the room. Age is the
strongest predictor of successfully resist-
ing the temptation to scoff the treat
straightaway. Among children of the same
age, however, doing well on the test is as-
sociated with plenty of good things later
in life, from healthy weight to longer school
attendance and better exam results.
data information, results.
4. set-up organisation / choice variety / sugary sweet /
snack small piece of food eaten between meals /
researcher scientist who investigates a subject / treat
sweet food / predictor indicator / to scoff to eat
voraciously / straightaway immediately / to do, did,
done well on the test to do the test successfully / school
attendance presence at school.
À facile A2-B1 / ÀÀ moyen B2-C1 / ÀÀÀ difficile C1-C2
 Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile

5. Dr Protzko examined data from 30 stud- the average waiting time before succumb- Flynn effect after the psychologist who
ies spanning the past 50 years. At the same ing to temptation was brought it to the world’s
time, he polled 260 experts in child cogni- around three minutes. By attention, remains mysteri-
tive development, inviting them to predict 2017, that had risen to ous—as does whether Dr
what he might find. Just over half thought eight minutes—an in- Children have Protzko’s results are related
that children would have become worse at crease of about a minute a
delaying gratification—perhaps thinking decade. And that increase
become steadily to it. IQ is associated with
the ability to delay gratifi-
about a plethora of recent of studies into seems to be happening at and significantly cation, but the correlation
the supposedly deleterious effects of mod- all levels of ability. The better at the is far from perfect.
ern technology. Another third predicted most impulsive children
no change. are improving at the same
test over the 8. What is clear, though, is
rate as the most prudent. past half that, over recent years,
YOUTH IS IMPROVING century. youth has actually been
6. Only 16% of the experts made the correct 7. The rate of increase improv ing, at least in
prediction. This is, that children have be- caught Dr Protzko’s eye as some respects. “Talking
come steadily and significantly better at well. That rate is about the down the young,” Dr Pro-
the test over the past half century. In 1967, same improvement as has been seen in IQ tzko observes, “seems to be a sort of human
tests over the past 80 years. The cause of cognitive tic.” He is now interested in
this increase in IQ, which is dubbed the working out why. O
5. to span to extend over (period of time) / to poll to ask
people questions in a survey / to delay to put off until a
later time / supposedly apparently / deleterious
harmful. average standard, typical, normal / rate speed, rhythm. 8. actually in fact / in some respects to a certain extent,
7. to catch, caught, caught sb’s eyes to attract sb’s with regards to some aspects / to talk down to speak in a
6. prediction forecast, projection / steadily progressively / condescending way about, to belittle, to depreciate / to
attention / IQ = intelligence quotient / to dub to call.
work out to understand, to determine.
(IStock)

devenir pilote de chasse

Siri Stafford / Getty Images – Art2voir – Publicorp - 14210

SINON, IL Y A
ÉTUDES / MÉTIERS / EMPLOI / LIFESTYLE

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 31

 Bons plans I Langues

ETUDIER À L’ÉTRANGER,
ILS L’ONT FAIT
PAR CAMILLE BARBE

Etudier, se former, découvrir une nouvelle culture… Les raisons de passer quelques semaines, des mois, voire des années à l’étranger dans le
cadre de son cursus supérieur sont nombreuses. C’est aussi presque toujours une décision personnelle, une envie bien particulière de s’ouvrir au
monde. Des jeunes témoignent de leur voyage initiatique dans Vocable…

ADÈLE – 20 ANS JESSICA - 23 ANS

Toronto, Canada Auckland, Nouvelle-Zélande
« Je remercie mon année « Cool et chaleureux !»
à l’étranger »
« A 18 ans, j’ai étudié un an
« Je suis partie en 2016 à Toronto dans un lycée en Nouvelle Zé-
au Canada dans le cadre d’un pro- lande. Avec un département
gramme business avec formation dédié uniquement aux élèves
professionnelle puis job, sur une étrangers, un rapport prof-
période de cinq mois respective- élèves beaucoup plus cool et
ment, le tout avec l’organisme lin- chaleureux, tout a été réuni
guistique WEP et son partenaire, pour que mon année soit une
l’école ILAC. Diplômée d’un BTS Assistant de gestion pour petites réussite. A noter : les Néo-
entreprises en France, je voulais découvrir de nouveaux horizons. Zélandais étant très proches
L’anglais me semblait également indispensable pour évoluer dans de la nature, ils se baladent souvent pieds-nus… Une habitude
la sphère professionnelle. Partir en tant que jeune fille au pair, tra- un peu déroutante au départ ! »
vailler ou prendre des cours de langues, aucune de ces propositions
ne me faisait vraiment envie. Avec ce programme alliant formation
et expérience au sein d’une entreprise, j’ai pu améliorer mon niveau
d’anglais tout en appréhendant les us et coutumes des Canadiens. MARGAUX – 22 ANS
Bon à savoir : les procédures d’embauche se font très vite, tout Halifax, Nouvelle-Ecosse, Canada
comme les possibilités d’évolution. En cinq mois, je suis passée de « Mon coeur est resté
vendeuse à responsable des ventes chez Calvin Klein ». là-bas »
www.wep.fr
J’ai débarqué au Canada en
2013-2014, pour faire une an-
née en lycée, après avoir passé
PAULINE – 18 ANS mon Bac Littéraire en France.
Bath, Royaume-Uni Je ne savais pas vraiment ce
« Paris ne me manque pas » que je voulais faire à l’époque
et donc, cela m’a semblé le
« Je suis actuellement en première bon moment pour partir à
année à l’Université de Bath, où l’étranger. Et je ne le regrette
j’étudie ‘Politics and International pas ! Tout ce que j’aime maintenant a été « redessiné » par cette
Relations’. Cette année est une expérience. Il y a eu un futur pour moi après cela.
véritable libération ! Les gens ont Et c’est étonnant de voir à quel point les systèmes scolaires
l’esprit très ouvert. Le système sco- français et canadien sont différents. Plus généraliste outre-At-
laire français ne me permettait pas lantique, avec des niveaux disparates, mais une vie associative
d’être créative, contrairement à ce et sportive très présente.
que je vis en ce moment en Angleterre. Je ressens beaucoup Cela a été difficile de rentrer en France. Si je retourne un jour
moins de stress. Je suis heureuse d’avoir sauté le pas et de faire au Canada, je sais que je ne reviendrai pas. Mon cœur est resté
des études à l’étranger en étant aussi jeune. J’ai l’impression d’être là-bas. »
devenue la meilleure version de moi-même ».

32 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017

 Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

CHIARA – 18 ANS LOUISE – 22 ANS

New York, USA St Andrews, Ecosse
« Des opportunités extraordinaires » « Erasmus est ce que l'on en fait »

« Parisienne d’origine, je suis actuellement en « Pour ma troi-

première année Cinéma, ‘Film & Television’ sième année d’IEP
plus précisément, à l’université NYU. L’arrivée à Strasbourg l’an-
a été un vrai choc. A New York, il y a énormé- née dernière, j’ai
ment de diversité ce qui est très enrichissant. eu la chance que
Tout va également très vite. Il y a une énergie mon premier vœu
très spéciale. Comme moi, tous les étudiants de destination en
ont sacrifié, investi beaucoup dans leurs tant qu’Erasmus
études —y compris financièrement parlant—, et donc tout le monde a soit accepté. J’ai
toujours 100 % la volonté de se démarquer. Chacun vise l’excellence. C’est parfois été classée selon
dur de suivre le tempo mais en même temps c’est une liberté. L’université vous mon niveau de
donne aussi les moyens d’évoluer, d’étudier, de se réaliser. Je rencontre des gens langue, mes
incroyables, des artistes… A New York, il y a un accès à la culture exceptionnel notes, et lettre de motivation à l’appui. Même
(clubs de jazz, galeries d’art, films). Dans quatre ans, après mes études, j’irai si je ne devais suivre que deux cours par semestre,
peut-être à Los Angeles. Mais tout quitter à nouveau sans connaître personne en revanche, le volume de travail était très dense.
sur place, ça, je ne le referai pas ! » J’ai pu découvrir un domaine dans lequel j’ai vrai-
ment envie de continuer : les études critiques du
terrorisme, études qui n’existent pas en France à
l’heure actuelle.
NOAH – 22 ANS Un conseil aux futurs Erasmus ? Il faut avoir à
Pleasant Hill, Californie, USA l’esprit que le monde anglo-saxon n’a pas vraiment
« Une certaine distance… » d’égards pour nous, la communauté internationale
y est tellement présente que cela en devient une
« J’ai passé une année dans un Community normalité. Les attentes sont donc élevées vis-à-vis
College, dans les filières Droit et Sport. A mon du niveau d’anglais de tous les étudiants. Il ne faut
arrivée, je suis allé dans un centre d’anglais pas partir avec l’idée que tout sera merveilleux.
pendant trois mois pour une remise à niveau Erasmus est ce que l’on en fait. Il est impératif de
et un perfectionnement de mon anglais. J’ai bâtir sa propre expérience et de se donner les moyens
ensuite intégré l’université. Même si la charge pour réussir.
de travail était assez élevée, le système péda- Quelque chose qui m’a choqué là-bas ? Les bars
gogique m’a semblé moins compliqué qu’en de Mars-frites. L’inventivité culinaire des Anglo-
France et bien plus bienveillant ! Quant aux différences interculturelles, j’ai saxons est inégalable ! »
trouvé que les Américains gardaient toujours une certaine distance, étaient un
peu superficiels dans leurs relations avec autrui. Ils sont à la fois très ouverts
mais aussi fermés. Il y a une sphère du privé dans laquelle on ne pénètre pas. »

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VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017 • 33

Les sorties
sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...
Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…
TÉLÉVISION
FRED ASTAIRE,
L’HOMME AUX PIEDS
D’OR
D’Yves Riou et Philippe
Pouchain
Sur Arte, Noël sera tout en danse
et en chansons. La chaîne consacre
sa première partie de soirée à Fred
Astaire avec un documentaire
retraçant la trajectoire du danseur
virtuose d’Hollywood. Bourreau de
travail, roi du swing, excellent
pianiste et batteur, passionné de
jazz… De témoignages admiratifs
en joyeuses archives, un tour de
piste virevoltant au bras de
l’homme aux pieds d’or.
A voir sur Arte le 24 décembre,
à 18h05
34 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 décembre 2017
Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr
DVD
LA VENGERESSE
De Bill Plympton
Une femme masquée a dérobé des documents
compromettants au QG des bikers du groupe Inland
Emperors avant d’y mettre le feu. Le sénateur californien
véreux Face de Mort recrute Odell Braxton, As de Pique,
Jose Tanaka et Rod Rosse, quatre chasseurs de primes
pour retrouver ce qui lui a été volé… Depuis les années
1980, le réalisateur américain de films d’animation Bill
Plympton développe un univers personnel dérangé et
plein d’humour, et ce long métrage, sorti en avril dernier,
ne déroge pas à la règle !
ED Distribution - 14€99
LIVRE
Des DVD à gagner !
sur www.vocable.fr PASSÉ IMPARFAIT
De Julian Fellowes
Une lettre de Damian Baxter ?
Voilà qui est proprement
SÉRIE déconcertant… Cela fait près de
quarante ans qu'ils ont coupé les
NOLA DARLING N’EN FAIT ponts ! Inséparables durant leurs
QU’À SA TÊTE études à Cambridge, leur amitié
De Spike Lee s’est muée en haine féroce après
En 1986, le réalisateur américain Spike leurs vacances au Portugal en 1970.
Lee bousculait la représentation des Si Damian le recontacte après
femmes noires au cinéma, avec Nola toutes ces années, c’est qu’il est sur
Darling n’en fait qu’à sa tête (She’s Gotta le point de mourir. Immensément
Have It en version originale). Plus de 30 riche mais désespérément seul, il
ans après, il fait revivre son héroïne demande au narrateur de retrouver
anticonformiste dans une série télévisée la mère de son enfant... Ecrit par
pétillante et plus que jamais d’actualité. Il Julian Fellowes, le créateur de la
suit le quotidien de Nola Darling, une série Downtown Abbey, Passé
jeune artiste de Brooklyn indépendante imparfait paraît en format poche
et « polyamoureuse libérée ». Derrière aux éditions 10/18. Un savoureux
une apparente légèreté et un petit côté Sex and the City, cette comédie roman so British, qui nous plonge
au cœur de la haute société
de mœurs ne cache pas son caractère engagé, comme lorsque Nola
dénonce le harcèlement sexuel ordinaire. Voilà qui a une résonance toute britannique de la fin des années
1960.
particulière dans l’Amérique post-Weinstein…
Netflix – 10 épisodes 10/18 – 10€90.
MUSIQUE
SONGS OF EXPERIENCE
U2
Très attendu, Songs of Experience, le nouvel album de U2, sort trois ans
après Songs of Innocence. Après le temps de l’innocence, ce disque est-il
vraiment celui de l’expérience ? La bande à Bono paraît plus inspirée sur ce
disque que sur le précédent et certaines ballades tirent nettement leur
épingle du jeu : Lights of Home, American Soul (avec une introduction du
rapper Kendrick Lamar), Summer of Love... Mais les envolées lyriques de U2
manquent à l’appel depuis All That You Can’t Leave Behind, sorti en 2000…
Better luck next time!
Interscope Records – 14€99
 le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS

(Cartoon by Chan Lowe)

criterion criteria / when it comes to... when it is a question of, with respect to / Department of Homeland Security the government agency responsible for internal affairs, here that
responds to urgent and dangerous situations.

FACING DEPORTATION What is TPS?

bon
The Trump administration announced last month that it was ending a à savoir In the United States, the
Temporary Protected Status
program that has allowed almost 60,000 Haitians to live and work in the (TPS) program grants
United States after a devastating earthquake shook the Caribbean island temporary visas to over 300,000 people
from countries ravaged by natural disasters
in 2010. The Department of Homeland Security said conditions in Haiti or war. 10 countries are currently under TPS:
had improved significantly, so the benefit will be extended one last time, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Nepal
until July 2019, to give Haitians time to prepare to return home or legalize and Yemen. During the period for which a
their immigration status in the US. Advocates for Haitians have criticized country has been designated for TPS,
the decision, arguing that the conditions on the island have not improved beneficiaries may remain and work in the
United States. However, TPS does not lead to
enough for Haitians to be deported. permanent resident status.
to face to risk, to be in danger of / deportation expulsion, extradition / to end to put an end to, stop / to allow to to grant to accord, allow, agree to give / over more
permit, authorize / almost nearly / devastating destructive, catastrophic / earthquake seismic shock, sudden violent than / natural disaster catastrophe caused by nature
movement of the earth’s surface / to shake, shook, shaken here, to devastate / to improve to get better / (climatic conditions etc.) / currently at present, at the
significantly considerably / benefit here, authorisation (also, advantage) / to extend here to prolong / advocate moment / to remain to stay / however nevertheless.
defender / to argue to affirm, assert, claim / enough sufficiently.

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